worship_n so_o in_o the_o duty_n of_o our_o life_n especial_o in_o contract_n promise_n vow_n and_o oath_n be_v enjoin_v the_o present_a text_n that_o i_o may_v omit_v other_o require_v of_o he_o who_o take_v a_o oath_n in_o express_a term_n that_o he_o do_v according_a to_o all_o that_o proceed_v out_o of_o his_o mouth_n ut_fw-la omnino_fw-la faciat_fw-la that_o be_v that_o both_o at_o that_o time_n he_o faithful_o intend_v to_o do_v and_o afterward_o to_o his_o power_n faithful_o endeavour_v to_o do_v according_a to_o all_o that_o proceed_v out_o of_o his_o mouth_n that_o be_v according_a to_o the_o sense_n which_o the_o word_n by_o he_o utter_v after_o the_o common_a and_o receive_a manner_n of_o speech_n bear_v in_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o auditor_n and_o not_o according_a to_o that_o sense_n which_o he_o perhaps_o during_o the_o act_n of_o swear_v in_o his_o secret_a thought_n reserve_v unto_o himself_o and_o fraudulent_o intend_v whereunto_o that_o agree_v which_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o isidorus_n with_o what_o artifice_n of_o word_n soever_o a_o man_n swear_v god_n who_o be_v witness_n of_o his_o conscience_n take_v the_o same_o as_o he_o understand_v it_o to_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v make_v and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o sense_n which_o the_o party_n swear_v when_o he_o begin_v to_o repent_v of_o the_o fact_n go_v about_o to_o invent_v for_o fashion_n sake_n as_o they_o speak_v not_o full_o and_o sincere_o to_o perform_v the_o faith_n of_o his_o oath_n as_o he_o ought_v but_o that_o he_o may_v after_o a_o sort_n appear_v unto_o himself_o and_o other_o to_o have_v perform_v his_o duty_n and_o with_o this_o artifice_n very_o wary_o and_o provident_o to_o â—ave_n avoid_v the_o crime_n of_o perjury_n sect_n v._o the_o second_o reason_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o example_n of_o god_n himself_o who_o as_o the_o apostle_n write_v heb._n 6._o for_o this_o very_a cause_n confirm_v his_o promise_n make_v unto_o the_o faithful_a by_o a_o oath_n that_o he_o may_v witness_v unto_o they_o more_o abundant_o that_o be_v as_o full_o as_o can_v possible_o be_v and_o so_o as_o may_v leave_v no_o place_n to_o doubt_v the_o immutability_n of_o his_o counsel_n in_o fulfil_v of_o that_o which_o he_o have_v swear_v to_o perform_v and_o all_o this_o to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o who_o shall_v believe_v may_v have_v a_o strong_a consolation_n and_o firm_a trust_n in_o he_o which_o nevertheless_o they_o can_v not_o have_v if_o it_o be_v not_o impossible_a for_o god_n to_o lie_v or_o deceive_v they_o to_o who_o he_o have_v swear_v by_o frustrate_v their_o expectation_n but_o he_o will_v deceive_v and_o frustrate_v the_o hope_n and_o consolation_n in_o he_o of_o believer_n if_o either_o while_o he_o swear_v he_o intend_v not_o to_o do_v aâ—_n he_o promise_v or_o afterward_o change_v his_o mind_n shall_v noâ—_n perform_v iâ—_n in_o due_a time_n nor_o after_o the_o same_o sense_n in_o which_o his_o promise_n be_v by_o thâ—m_n according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o word_n right_o understand_v the_o lord_n have_v swear_v and_o will_v not_o 11._o repent_v the_o lord_n have_v swear_v in_o truth_n unto_o david_n he_o will_v not_o turn_v from_o it_o sect_n vi_o the_o three_o reason_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o truth_n which_o be_v first_o and_o chief_a of_o those_o three_o celebrate_a condition_n of_o a_o oath_n extant_a in_o the_o prophet_n jeremy_n inculcate_v 2._o by_o all_o and_o call_v by_o the_o schoolman_n the_o three_o companion_n of_o a_o oath_n viz._n truth_n judgement_n justice_n to_o which_o truth_n be_v repugnant_a not_o only_o that_o which_o be_v false_a but_o that_o also_o which_o be_v feign_v not_o noly_a a_o bare_a and_o evident_a lie_n but_o a_o cover_a one_o also_o howsoever_o palliate_v certain_o whosoever_o speak_v false_o unto_o his_o neighbour_n pollute_v his_o speech_n with_o a_o lie_n and_o he_o have_v speak_v false_o unto_o his_o neighbour_n who_o have_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o deceive_v his_o neighbour_n of_o that_o hope_n which_o he_o have_v rational_o conceive_v from_o his_o speech_n since_o therefore_o by_o simulation_n of_o either_o kind_a a_o lie_n be_v not_o avoid_v if_o through_o our_o fault_n our_o neighbour_n trust_v to_o our_o word_n be_v deceive_v sure_o neither_o be_v perjuryâ—rcided_v â—rcided_z if_o through_o our_o fault_n he_o be_v deceive_v by_o trust_v unto_o our_o oath_n see_v that_o perjury_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o lie_v confirm_v by_o a_o oath_n so_o that_o perjury_n after_o a_o oath_n take_v be_v the_o very_a same_o that_o a_o lie_n be_v in_o a_o bare_a promise_n sect_n vii_o the_o four_o reason_n from_o the_o proper_a end_n of_o a_o oath_n which_o by_o that_o have_v be_v say_v when_o we_o explain_v the_o definition_n of_o a_o oath_n appear_v to_o be_v confirmation_n of_o a_o thing_n in_o doubt_n that_o be_v that_o as_o great_a certainty_n may_v be_v have_v of_o thing_n otherwise_o incertain_a and_o depend_v upon_o the_o truth_n of_o man_n as_o be_v possible_a to_o be_v have_v in_o humane_a affair_n for_o a_o oath_n be_v institute_v of_o god_n by_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n for_o a_o remedy_n of_o humane_a defect_n in_o the_o search_n of_o truth_n that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o last_o mortal_a refuge_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o verity_n when_o all_o other_o kind_n of_o proof_n be_v deficient_a but_o this_o end_n will_v be_v utter_o overthrow_v nor_o can_v any_o certain_a credit_n be_v give_v to_o man_n if_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o party_n swear_v at_o his_o pleasure_n so_o to_o enervate_v that_o which_o he_o verbal_o pronounce_v to_o the_o end_n to_o obtain_v belief_n either_o by_o any_o tacit_a ambiguity_n in_o swear_v or_o after_o the_o oath_n take_v by_o any_o new_a invent_v and_o as_o it_o be_v posthume_n interpretation_n that_o it_o lose_v its_o whole_a force_n and_o become_v altogether_o ineffectual_a if_o either_o of_o these_o be_v lawful_a a_o oath_n will_v not_o be_v the_o end_n of_o all_o contradiction_n but_o the_o beginning_n and_o rather_o give_v occasion_n of_o new_a strife_n and_o contradiction_n then_o determine_v old_a one_o this_o door_n once_o open_v what_o can_v be_v imagine_v so_o false_a for_o the_o defence_n whereof_o some_o kind_n of_o at_o least_o diversion_n or_o subterfuge_n may_v not_o be_v find_v out_o whereby_o it_o may_v be_v deliver_v from_o the_o lie_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n how_o great_a a_o perversity_n be_v this_o that_o what_o the_o wise_a god_n have_v ordain_v for_o a_o aid_n of_o truth_n shall_v by_o impious_a man_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o instrument_n of_o falsehood_n very_o unless_o man_n have_v rather_o use_v the_o sacred_a ordinance_n of_o god_n to_o other_o end_n then_o that_o for_o which_o it_o be_v ordain_v as_o a_o pious_a man_n can_v hardly_o do_v that_o which_o be_v the_o end_n of_o a_o oath_n ought_v likewise_o to_o be_v his_o end_n who_o take_v a_o oath_n now_o that_o be_v to_o give_v such_o assurance_n unto_o the_o hearer_n that_o he_o may_v become_v more_o secure_a and_o certain_a of_o the_o truth_n of_o a_o matter_n which_o be_v before_o in_o doubt_n but_o he_o who_o dissemble_v go_v about_o to_o possess_v the_o auditor_n with_o a_o false_a belief_n and_o so_o not_o only_o suffer_v other_o to_o be_v deceive_v which_o nevertheless_o see_v it_o may_v and_o ought_v to_o be_v hinder_v be_v against_o charity_n but_o intend_v also_o to_o deceive_v they_o which_o beside_o that_o it_o be_v against_o all_o justice_n and_o honesty_n be_v join_v with_o high_a indignity_n to_o god_n and_o contempt_n of_o his_o holy_a name_n and_o to_o my_o understanding_n scarce_o any_o kind_n of_o perjury_n seem_v to_o be_v more_o diametrical_o oppose_v to_o the_o scope_n of_o the_o three_o precept_n in_o the_o decalogue_n or_o to_o those_o very_a word_n thou_o shall_v not_o take_v the_o name_n of_o the_o lord_n thy_o god_n in_o vain_a then_o that_o which_o arise_v out_o of_o this_o simulation_n for_o the_o word_n vanity_n to_o speak_v proper_o and_o adequate_o as_o it_o take_v in_o all_o that_o be_v any_o way_n false_a so_o in_o a_o kind_n of_o peculiar_a manner_n and_o most_o proper_o it_o signify_v that_o which_o be_v false_a in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o bear_v some_o show_n of_o truth_n so_o that_o if_o a_o man_n will_v express_v by_o a_o definition_n the_o nature_n and_o essence_n of_o vanity_n though_o it_o be_v ens_fw-la ratâ—onis_fw-la only_o and_o have_v no_o true_a essence_n yet_o by_o analogy_n with_o ens_fw-la real_n he_o can_v not_o do_v it_o better_o then_o by_o frame_v a_o idea_n his_o imagination_n compound_v of_o nothing_o as_o the_o matter_n and_o of_o a_o lie_n as_o the_o form_n thus_o hope_v which_o feed_v itself_o with_o a_o lie_n and_o be_v at_o the_o length_n frustrate_v and_o bring_v to_o
they_o think_v themselves_o bind_v to_o quit_v themselves_o of_o their_o faith_n engage_v by_o performance_n of_o the_o same_o the_o second_o that_o unl_n esse_fw-la corrupt_a affection_n be_v vigorous_o withstand_v that_o spark_n which_o be_v leave_v in_o we_o of_o natural_a light_n will_v go_v near_o to_o be_v altogether_o extinguish_v by_o they_o or_o so_o rake_v up_o in_o that_o heap_n that_o we_o shall_v rather_o give_v our_o mind_n artificial_o to_o palliate_v then_o sincere_o to_o avoid_v perjury_n three_o that_o he_o who_o desire_v to_o keep_v himself_o free_a from_o all_o spot_n of_o perjury_n must_v diligent_o ponder_v every_o word_n in_o its_o own_o strength_n and_o sense_n of_o the_o oath_n which_o he_o be_v to_o take_v that_o if_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v keep_v it_o may_v not_o be_v take_v or_o if_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v take_v it_o may_v be_v fulfil_v without_o deceit_n or_o simulation_n for_o unadvised_o to_o chap_v up_o holy_a thing_n be_v impious_a and_o too_o late_o when_o they_o be_v once_o swallow_v to_o chew_v they_o and_o so_o much_o for_o the_o first_o doubt_n which_o amount_v unto_o this_o sum_n that_o the_o word_n of_o a_o oath_n where_o they_o be_v so_o clear_a in_o themselves_o that_o among_o honest_a man_n there_o can_v be_v no_o question_n of_o their_o meaning_n the_o party_n swear_v be_v oblige_v in_o that_o sense_n which_o they_o apparent_o afford_v and_o may_v not_o either_o in_o swear_v or_o when_o he_o have_v swear_v stretch_v those_o word_n upon_o the_o last_o of_o his_o interest_n by_o any_o study_a interpretation_n sect_n viii_o the_o second_o doubt_n be_v where_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n be_v in_o question_n and_o the_o case_n be_v three_o the_o first_o of_o spontaneous_a oath_n as_o in_o promise_n proceed_v from_o the_o mere_a motion_n of_o good_a will_n and_o a_o kind_n of_o liberty_n of_o the_o mind_n rather_o than_o duty_n of_o right_n or_o respect_n the_o common_a and_o true_a answer_n be_v that_o these_o promise_n be_v to_o be_v take_v according_a to_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v because_o every_o man_n be_v the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o himself_o for_o example_n if_o any_o of_o we_o shall_v bind_v ourselves_o by_o a_o vow_n or_o promise_n to_o give_v unto_o the_o poor_a of_o a_o village_n or_o collector_n for_o they_o ten_o shilling_n a_o month_n if_o the_o poor_a see_v month_n as_o we_o use_v it_o be_v a_o ambiguous_a word_n shall_v by_o the_o promise_n pretend_v unto_o the_o first_o pension_n upon_o the_o 28._o day_n of_o january_n and_o so_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o month_n upon_o the_o same_o day_n take_v a_o month_n for_o the_o space_n of_o four_o week_n which_o be_v one_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n and_o he_o on_o the_o other_o side_n shall_v say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o due_a till_o the_o last_o of_o january_n and_o so_o forth_o take_v month_n for_o the_o twelve_o part_n of_o a_o year_n according_a to_o the_o distribution_n of_o the_o year_n in_o the_o calendar_n which_o be_v another_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n it_o be_v most_o just_a that_o the_o ambiguity_n shall_v be_v interpret_v rather_o in_o his_o sense_n then_o they_o because_o that_o pension_n be_v not_o due_a in_o justice_n and_o before_o the_o promise_n but_o in_o charity_n and_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o free_a promise_n without_o agreement_n or_o contract_n and_o of_o this_o kind_n of_o oath_n ought_v these_o word_n to_o be_v understand_v which_o be_v cite_v in_o the_o gloss_n upon_o the_o canon_n law_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o god_n take_v not_o the_o oath_n as_o he_o unto_o who_o it_o be_v swear_v but_o as_o he_o who_o swear_v understand_v the_o same_o but_o that_o this_o may_v right_o be_v apprehend_v two_o thing_n be_v observable_a one_o that_o it_o hold_v especial_o in_o spontaneous_a oath_n and_o promise_n for_o in_o such_o as_o be_v require_v the_o reason_n differ_v as_o shall_v be_v say_v anon_o the_o other_o that_o the_o party_n swear_v be_v in_o the_o present_a case_n oblige_v to_o hold_v unto_o his_o promise_n in_o that_o sense_n which_o he_o either_o real_o intend_v when_o he_o swear_v or_o be_v willing_a the_o auditor_n shall_v believe_v and_o not_o in_o any_o which_o he_o shall_v please_v afterward_o to_o impose_v for_o god_n who_o behold_v the_o heart_n be_v not_o delude_v by_o word_n nor_o ought_v the_o intention_n to_o serve_v the_o word_n but_o the_o word_n the_o intention_n sect_n ix_o the_o second_o case_n be_v of_o oath_n and_o promise_n which_o be_v offer_v unto_o or_o require_v of_o the_o party_n swear_v whether_o of_o right_n or_o under_o pretence_n of_o right_n such_o especial_o as_o ruler_n of_o authority_n command_v their_o subject_n or_o law_n ordain_v as_o with_o we_o those_o of_o supremacy_n and_o allegiance_n those_o which_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o university_n require_v of_o graduate_n and_o the_o like_a also_o those_o which_o either_o party_n in_o lawful_a covenant_n demand_v of_o the_o other_o or_o be_v use_v in_o bargain_n league_n and_o other_o mutual_a contract_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o mutual_a faith_n for_o answer_v in_o this_o case_n i_o say_v that_o this_o kind_n of_o oath_n ought_v regular_o to_o be_v understand_v in_o that_o sense_n which_o the_o party_n unto_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v make_v seem_v probable_o to_o intend_v so_o that_o the_o party_n swear_v be_v bind_v under_o pain_n of_o perjury_n to_o fulfil_v his_o promise_n if_o it_o be_v lawful_a and_o honest_a according_a to_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o deferent_a the_o word_n be_v understand_v according_a to_o the_o mind_n and_o intention_n of_o he_o to_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v make_v say_v the_o lawyer_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o this_o kind_n of_o oath_n be_v take_v to_o the_o end_n he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v swear_v may_v by_o interposition_n of_o the_o same_o be_v assure_v that_o the_o promise_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v shall_v be_v perform_v unto_o he_o but_o he_o will_v be_v no_o whâ—t_n the_o more_o assure_v of_o that_o performance_n if_o the_o word_n be_v to_o be_v interpret_v at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v and_o not_o according_a to_o his_o own_o sense_n for_o there_o be_v a_o different_a nature_n of_o obligation_n where_o debt_n be_v claim_v by_o promise_n and_o where_o promise_n be_v claim_v by_o debt_n god_n himself_o who_o be_v by_o law_n no_o man_n debtor_n make_v himself_o through_o his_o free_a promise_n our_o debtor_n and_o he_o who_o oblige_v himself_o by_o a_o voluntary_a vow_n oath_n or_o promise_v unto_o any_o deed_n of_o charity_n ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la contract_v debt_n but_o because_o this_o debt_n be_v not_o found_v upon_o his_o right_n unto_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v but_o flow_v mere_o from_o the_o free_a act_n of_o the_o party_n promise_v it_o be_v most_o just_a that_o he_o shall_v be_v his_o own_o interpreter_n who_o be_v most_o concern_v to_o know_v how_o much_o how_o far_o and_o in_o what_o sense_n he_o intend_v to_o oblige_v himself_o on_o the_o other_o side_n where_o the_o promise_n be_v found_v upon_o some_o antecedent_n right_a either_o that_o of_o subjection_n and_o duty_n by_o superior_a authority_n or_o of_o justice_n and_o contract_n by_o agreement_n between_o party_n because_o he_o to_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v have_v right_a to_o inquire_v the_o same_o and_o be_v most_o concern_v that_o it_o be_v faithful_o perform_v reason_n require_v that_o the_o obligation_n of_o the_o promise_n shall_v rather_o be_v judge_v according_a to_o his_o mind_n and_o interpretation_n then_o by_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o party_n promise_v sect_n x._o the_o three_o case_n be_v where_o the_o deferent_a offer_v a_o oath_n of_o ambiguous_a sense_n desire_v only_o that_o the_o word_n be_v swear_v leave_v it_o unto_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v to_o take_v they_o in_o what_o sense_n he_o please_v i_o say_v it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v suspect_v that_o some_o deceit_n be_v couch_v in_o they_o and_o that_o a_o pious_a prudent_a man_n ought_v therefore_o to_o refuse_v a_o oath_n proffer_v upon_o such_o condition_n which_o i_o shall_v make_v good_a by_o a_o threefold_a proof_n first_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o oath_n it_o selt_z in_o which_o the_o first_o thing_n require_v be_v truth_n for_o a_o speech_n of_o indefinite_a and_o ambiguous_a sense_n before_o it_o be_v distinguish_v be_v no_o true_a proposition_n indeed_o no_o proposition_n see_v a_o proposition_n as_o by_o the_o definition_n thereof_o be_v know_v even_o to_o child_n aught_o to_o signify_v a_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n without_o ambiguity_n second_o in_o regard_n of_o he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v swear_v for_o the_o proper_a end_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v that_o he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v make_v may_v have_v
preciselv_n out_o of_o the_o debt_n of_o duty_n whence_o also_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o we_o when_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o obligation_n of_o oath_n as_o it_o concern_v conscience_n be_v primary_o and_o especial_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o obligation_n which_o bind_v we_o to_o the_o performance_n of_o duty_n not_o of_o that_o whereby_o we_o be_v bind_v to_o suffer_v the_o punishment_n due_a unto_o perjury_n sect_n xiii_o these_o two_o distinction_n of_o obligation_n lay_v it_o be_v forth_o rmore_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o every_o oath_n be_v in_o its_o own_o nature_n bind_v insomuch_o as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v swear_v without_o any_o intention_n to_o oblige_v himself_o nay_o although_o he_o shall_v swear_v with_o a_o intention_n not_o to_o oblige_v himself_o nevertheless_o the_o oath_n take_v he_o become_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la oblige_v as_o in_o its_o place_n if_o it_o please_v god_n that_o i_o go_v so_o far_o i_o shall_v more_o full_o show_v cicerâ—_n say_v right_a our_o ancestor_n will_v have_v no_o bond_n for_o the_o obligation_n of_o faith_n strict_a than_o that_o of_o a_o oath_n but_o what_o can_v be_v more_o clear_o say_v in_o this_o matter_n then_o that_o which_o moses_n say_v in_o the_o text_n if_o a_o man_n vow_v a_o vow_n unto_o the_o lord_n or_o swear_v a_o oath_n to_o line_v his_o soul_n with_o a_o bâ—nd_n where_o that_o gemination_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o hebrew_n have_v much_o emphasis_n and_o fortify_v the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n as_o in_o multiply_v i_o will_v multiply_v &_o in_o blessing_n i_o will_v bless_v that_o be_v i_o will_v exceed_o multiply_v i_o will_v great_o bless_v so_o ligando_fw-la ligamen_fw-la bind_v with_o a_o bond_n that_o be_v strong_o bind_v as_o if_o he_o shall_v have_v say_v although_o even_o a_o bare_a promise_n oblige_v the_o conscience_n and_o that_o with_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o asseveration_n or_o obtestation_n it_o oblige_v more_o strict_o yet_o a_o vow_n which_o be_v make_v to_o god_n and_o a_o oath_n which_o be_v make_v to_o man_n but_o with_o the_o witness_n of_o god_n be_v the_o strong_a of_o all_o obligation_n wherefore_o every_o oath_n oblige_v the_o conscience_n as_o well_o the_o assertory_n as_o the_o promissory_a of_o the_o promissory_a see_v it_o respect_v the_o time_n to_o come_v no_o man_n can_v doubt_v but_o of_o the_o assertory_n perhaps_o not_o without_o reason_n there_o may_v be_v some_o question_n make_v because_o all_o obligation_n bind_v unto_o some_o thing_n that_o be_v future_a but_o it_o have_v be_v say_v before_o that_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o assertory_n oath_n from_o the_o promissory_a consist_v in_o this_o that_o that_o respect_v a_o thing_n present_a or_o past_a this_o a_o future_a but_o the_o solution_n be_v easy_a to_o wit_n that_o the_o obligation_n of_o a_o oath_n qua_fw-la tale_n fall_v not_o primary_o upon_o the_o object_n or_o matter_n of_o oath_n for_o so_o a_o assertory_n oath_n who_o object_n be_v something_o past_a or_o present_a can_v not_o lay_v any_o obligation_n for_o the_o future_a but_o obligation_n fall_v immediate_o and_o direct_o upon_o the_o subject_n that_o be_v the_o conscience_n of_o the_o swearer_n who_o in_o both_o kind_n of_o oath_n be_v bind_v to_o the_o performance_n of_o some_o duty_n for_o the_o future_a sect_n fourteen_o which_o that_o it_o may_v be_v make_v more_o manifest_a and_o that_o withal_o it_o may_v moâ—â—_n clear_o appear_v what_o the_o obligation_n of_o a_o promissory_a oath_n which_o i_o have_v undertake_v to_o explain_v be_v i_o will_v do_v my_o best_a to_o show_v what_o be_v common_a to_o both_o kind_n of_o oath_n so_o far_o as_o it_o concern_v the_o effect_n of_o obligation_n and_o what_o be_v peculiar_a unto_o a_o promissory_a oath_n and_o first_o it_o must_v be_v grant_v which_o be_v in_o itself_o so_o evident_a as_o its_o contradictory_n imply_v a_o manifest_a contradiction_n that_o all_o obligation_n to_o duty_n respect_v the_o duty_n to_o be_v perform_v de_fw-la futuro_fw-la that_o be_v at_o the_o least_o some_o time_n though_o perhaps_o a_o very_a small_a one_o after_o the_o obligation_n contract_v nor_o be_v it_o hard_o to_o be_v observe_v if_o diligent_o consider_v that_o this_o happen_v unto_o every_o oath_n as_o well_o assertory_n as_o promissory_a for_o whosoever_o swear_v oblige_v himself_o ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la to_o manifest_v the_o truth_n in_o that_o which_o he_o be_v about_o to_o say_v whether_o it_o be_v in_o a_o matter_n past_a or_o present_a by_o a_o assertory_n or_o in_o a_o future_a matter_n by_o a_o promissory_a oath_n and_o hitherto_o this_o obligation_n be_v alike_o common_a to_o both_o kind_n so_o that_o if_o in_o either_o of_o they_o the_o word_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v do_v not_o agree_v with_o his_o mind_n he_o become_v guilty_a of_o the_o breach_n of_o his_o duty_n and_o thence_o also_o 〈◊〉_d necessary_a consequence_n obnoxious_a unto_o punishment_n but_o in_o the_o promissory_a oath_n beside_o this_o obligation_n which_o fall_v upon_o the_o conscience_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v and_o be_v common_a to_o it_o and_o the_o assertory_n quatenus_fw-la juramentum_fw-la there_o be_v another_o further_a obligation_n proper_a and_o peculiar_a unto_o it_o quatenus_fw-la promissorium_fw-la which_o fall_v upon_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o oath_n by_o virtue_n whereof_o the_o promissory_a party_n swear_v be_v bind_v not_o only_o in_o present_a to_o intend_v to_o do_v that_o which_o he_o swear_v that_o his_o word_n may_v agree_v with_o his_o mind_n but_o also_o to_o endeavour_n for_o the_o future_a as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lie_v to_o fulfil_v that_o which_o he_o have_v swear_v that_o his_o deed_n may_v agree_v with_o his_o word_n that_o be_v he_o oblige_v himself_o not_o only_o bare_o to_o promise_v that_o which_o he_o real_o intend_v but_o also_o far_a oblige_v himself_o to_o perform_v all_o that_o which_o he_o have_v promise_v by_o oath_n which_o the_o word_n of_o moses_n in_o this_o verse_n clear_o express_v if_o a_o man_n say_v he_o vow_v a_o vow_n unto_o the_o lord_n or_o swear_v a_o oath_n to_o bind_v his_o soul_n with_o a_o bond_n he_o shall_v not_o break_v his_o word_n he_o shall_v do_v according_a to_o all_o that_o proceed_v out_o of_o his_o mouth_n and_o thus_o as_o full_o as_o i_o oâ—ght_n &_o asclear_o as_o i_o can_v i_o have_v unfold_v unto_o you_o my_o sense_n upon_o the_o first_o head_n of_o this_o discourse_n what_o a_o oath_n be_v what_o a_o promissory_a oath_n what_o obligation_n in_o my_o next_o lecture_n with_o the_o help_n of_o god_n i_o shall_v proceed_v unto_o the_o rest_n in_o the_o order_n which_o i_o have_v propose_v the_o second_o lecture_n summary_n 1._o a_o premonition_n concern_v style_n 2._o hypothesis_n 1._o above_o all_o thing_n simplicity_n become_v a_o oath_n 3._o simulation_n and_o deceit_n be_v repugnant_a unto_o simplicity_n 4_o 5_o 6_o 7._o simulation_n do_v not_o evade_v perjury_n 8._o hypothesis_n 2._o a_o oath_n be_v stricti_fw-la juris_fw-la 9_o the_o interpretation_n of_o a_o oath_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v too_o loose_a 10._o all_o condition_n be_v not_o to_o be_v express_v in_o a_o oath_n 11._o hypoth_o 3._o a_o oath_n make_v not_o a_o former_a obligation_n void_a 12._o a_o impossible_a thing_n oblige_v not_o 13._o a_o unlawful_a thing_n oblige_v not_o 14._o the_o difference_n between_o a_o unlawful_a oath_n and_o a_o oath_n of_o a_o unlawful_a thing_n sect_n i._o have_v explain_v in_o the_o former_a lecture_n what_o a_o oath_n be_v in_o general_a what_o a_o promissory_a oath_n in_o particular_a and_o what_o obligation_n i_o proceed_v as_o i_o promise_v to_o propose_v some_o preoccupation_n or_o hypothesis_n fit_v for_o our_o purpose_n as_o foundation_n or_o if_o you_o please_v canon_n or_o rule_n of_o the_o whole_a future_a discourse_n from_o whence_o be_v to_o be_v derive_v and_o to_o which_o be_v to_o be_v reduce_v the_o determination_n of_o most_o doubt_n but_o before_o i_o do_v this_o of_o one_o thing_n by_o the_o way_n which_o i_o go_v not_o about_o to_o entreat_v of_o you_o as_o i_o shall_v do_v if_o i_o can_v suspect_v your_o savour_n or_o believe_v the_o thing_n in_o itself_o unjust_a i_o desire_v only_o to_o premonish_v you_o that_o it_o be_v my_o resolution_n so_o long_o as_o i_o can_v find_v wherewithal_o to_o be_v any_o way_n significant_a in_o my_o expression_n of_o the_o matter_n to_o be_v handle_v not_o to_o labour_v far_o for_o word_n muchlesse_a purity_n of_o language_n and_o least_o of_o all_o to_o trouble_v myself_o for_o elegance_n i_o leave_v that_o to_o such_o as_o have_v leisure_n and_o be_v delight_v to_o take_v pain_n for_o that_o which_o be_v unnecessary_a i_o use_v to_o relate_v among_o my_o friend_n not_o without_o some_o sport_n and_o laughter_n what_o sweat_v it_o cost_v paulus_n cortesius_n a_o man_n
timerous_o as_o show_v he_o have_v not_o much_o faith_n in_o this_o argument_n kind_a of_o collusion_n a_o certain_a kind_n and_o seem_v to_o have_v which_o whether_o it_o be_v true_a or_o not_o who_o will_v undertake_v to_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o a_o traveller_n if_o to_o the_o apparent_a hazard_n of_o his_o life_n he_o fall_v among_o thief_n to_o do_v something_o which_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v a_o certain_a kind_n of_o collusion_n with_o they_o that_o which_o he_o bring_v in_o the_o three_o place_n the_o impediment_n of_o justice_n encouragement_n of_o wicked_a person_n in_o their_o impiety_n occasion_n of_o lead_v other_o into_o the_o like_a hazard_n of_o their_o life_n through_o such_o silence_n will_v be_v prevalent_a indeed_o if_o the_o traveller_n be_v get_v out_o of_o their_o hand_n safe_a and_o unsworn_a but_o we_o suppose_v except_o he_o have_v swear_v he_o have_v be_v slay_v i_o ask_v therefore_o whether_o in_o such_o certain_a danger_n of_o â—â—e_z be_v it_o lawful_a for_o he_o to_o swear_v or_o not_o lawful_a if_o not_o lawful_a and_o certain_o the_o two_o first_o argument_n either_o prove_v that_o or_o nothing_o he_o have_v perish_v and_o who_o then_o shall_v have_v give_v the_o magistrate_n information_n of_o the_o thief_n the_o inconvenience_n which_o be_v object_v from_o this_o silence_n may_v they_o not_o see_v dead_a man_n be_v enjoin_v perpetual_a silence_n be_v object_v from_o his_o death_n but_o if_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o swear_v than_o it_o be_v also_o lawful_a to_o keep_v the_o oath_n except_o some_o emergent_a accident_n as_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o unexpected_o do_v render_v the_o thing_n lawful_a when_o it_o be_v swear_v afterward_o unlawful_a let_v this_o therefore_o till_o the_o contrary_n be_v prove_v by_o strong_a argument_n remain_v both_o in_o this_o case_n &_o the_o rest_n where_o deceit_n fear_n tyranny_n and_o the_o like_a be_v exercise_v that_o a_o honest_a man_n either_o ought_v not_o to_o swear_v at_o all_o which_o if_o the_o thing_n itself_o be_v not_o unlawful_a seem_v hard_a in_o imminent_a and_o apparent_a danger_n or_o ought_v religious_o to_o observe_v his_o oath_n and_o thus_o much_o for_o the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o oath_n in_o which_o i_o be_v desirous_a to_o have_v be_v brief_a if_o the_o matter_n will_v have_v bear_v it_o my_o discourse_n have_v increase_v upon_o my_o meditation_n beyond_o what_o i_o expect_v and_o yet_o while_o i_o study_v brevity_n i_o have_v willing_o omit_v many_o thing_n whereof_o i_o may_v profitable_o have_v speak_v the_o five_o lecture_n of_o the_o external_a form_n of_o a_o oath_n contain_v ten_o case_n summary_n 1_o oath_n by_o sign_n only_o without_o word_n 2_o oath_n by_o the_o creature_n 3_o oath_n by_o idol_n 4_o how_o to_o know_v whether_o a_o man_n have_v swear_v or_o no._n 5_o the_o first_o trial_n the_o form_n of_o the_o word_n 6_o the_o second_o the_o force_n of_o the_o word_n 7_o of_o joseph_n form_n by_o the_o life_n of_o pharaoh_n 8_o third_z trial_n the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n 9_o four_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v 10_o the_o use_n of_o the_o say_a trial_n 11_o the_o solemn_a rite_n of_o a_o oath_n 12_o whether_o solemnity_n increase_v obligation_n 13_o solemnity_n of_o oath_n omit_v sect_n i._o the_o material_a and_o efficient_a cause_n of_o oath_n have_v be_v handle_v in_o the_o forego_n lecture_n we_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o formal_a cause_n now_o the_o form_n of_o a_o thing_n be_v either_o external_a or_o internal_a the_o case_n of_o this_o classis_fw-la be_v so_o under_o two_o head_n to_o be_v divide_v as_o may_v bring_v those_o thing_n which_o appertain_v unto_o the_o word_n or_o sign_n of_o a_o oath_n because_o they_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o interior_a sense_n under_o the_o name_n of_o external_a form_n and_o those_o thing_n which_o appertain_v unto_o the_o sense_n and_o interpretation_n of_o the_o same_o which_o be_v the_o work_n of_o the_o mind_n under_o that_o of_o internal_a form_n a_o oath_n in_o respect_n of_o external_a form_n consist_v of_o sign_n only_o or_o of_o word_n only_o or_o of_o both_o wherefore_o the_o first_o doubt_n be_v of_o the_o oath_n which_o be_v make_v by_o sign_n only_o without_o word_n there_o have_v be_v who_o have_v think_v except_o the_o word_n i_o swear_v or_o the_o name_n of_o god_n be_v express_o use_v as_o i_o swear_v i_o will_v perform_v it_o by_o god_n i_o will_v do_v it_o i_o call_v god_n to_o witness_v so_o god_n help_v i_o or_o the_o like_a that_o it_o be_v but_o a_o bare_a promise_n and_o no_o oath_n and_o therefore_o obligatory_a under_o peril_n of_o falsehood_n only_o not_o of_o perjury_n so_o that_o he_o who_o fulfil_v not_o his_o promise_n which_o ought_v also_o to_o be_v perform_v be_v guilty_a of_o violate_a faith_n but_o not_o of_o a_o violate_a oath_n and_o among_o the_o casuist_n bartolus_n be_v say_v to_o have_v judge_v word_n at_o the_o least_o some_o so_o necessary_a unto_o a_o oath_n that_o unless_o the_o testimony_n invoke_v be_v in_o express_a word_n pronounce_v it_o can_v not_o formal_o be_v a_o oath_n nor_o under_o that_o name_n obligatory_a but_o these_o two_o opinion_n be_v worthy_o reject_v by_o all_o for_o see_v word_n be_v but_o interpreter_n of_o thing_n conceive_v in_o the_o mind_n whereof_o they_o be_v character_n if_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o those_o thing_n conceive_v though_o perhaps_o not_o so_o convenient_o yet_o sufficient_o to_o be_v signify_v by_o other_o mean_n as_o write_v nod_n sign_n etc._n etc._n to_o the_o understanding_n of_o other_o no_o necessity_n enjoin_v the_o use_n of_o word_n so_o mute_n they_o who_o have_v have_v their_o tongue_n cut_v out_o and_o such_o as_o lie_v speechless_a upon_o their_o deathbed_n when_o they_o contract_v marriage_n make_v their_o will_n or_o perform_v any_o thing_n which_o can_v be_v do_v without_o a_o clear_a and_o undoubted_a signification_n of_o their_o assent_n which_o they_o be_v unable_a to_o express_v by_o word_n of_o mouth_n use_v by_o nod_n by_o lift_v up_o the_o hand_n or_o other_o sign_n to_o signify_v their_o answer_n unto_o the_o question_n ask_v which_o signification_n be_v no_o less_o valid_a unto_o all_o intent_n and_o purpose_n of_o the_o law_n then_o if_o it_o have_v be_v express_v by_o word_n and_o it_o be_v the_o very_a same_o in_o a_o oath_n to_o which_o so_o god_n be_v any_o way_n invoke_v witness_n whether_o express_o by_o word_n of_o mouth_n or_o tacit_o by_o any_o sign_n whereby_o the_o person_n who_o it_o concern_v may_v manifest_o perceive_v that_o the_o party_n desire_v as_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o god_n to_o engage_v his_o faith_n such_o a_o act_n be_v both_o formal_o a_o oath_n and_o full_o sufficient_a to_o oblige_v the_o conscience_n according_a to_o that_o verse_n which_o stobaeus_n bring_v out_o of_o a_o old_a comedian_n the_o oath_n be_v firm_a if_o i_o but_o give_v a_o nod_n he_o be_v therefore_o very_o much_o deceive_v and_o his_o own_o impostor_n who_o think_v himself_o either_o free_a from_o or_o more_o loose_a in_o his_o obligation_n because_o he_o utter_v no_o word_n that_o may_v express_v a_o oath_n if_o to_o another_o ask_v he_o a_o question_n as_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o god_n witness_n and_o arbyter_n by_o the_o manner_n of_o his_o behaviour_n he_o seem_v plain_o to_o consent_v or_o if_o where_o it_o may_v be_v advantageous_a unto_o he_o in_o respect_n of_o some_o worldly_a gain_n that_o he_o shall_v seem_v to_o have_v swear_v unto_o the_o word_n of_o another_o he_o know_o and_o witting_o make_v use_n of_o a_o friend_n to_o witness_v though_o false_o that_o he_o have_v so_o swear_v he_o have_v bind_v by_o that_o fact_n his_o soul_n with_o a_o bond_n and_o ought_v no_o less_o to_o do_v according_a unto_o all_o that_o which_o proceed_v out_o of_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o party_n ask_v or_o require_v then_o if_o it_o have_v proceed_v out_o of_o his_o own_o mouth_n if_o the_o thing_n be_v lawful_a he_o must_v perform_v it_o but_o if_o he_o know_v it_o to_o be_v unlawful_a he_o can_v by_o this_o trick_n evade_v perjury_n sect_n ii_o furthermore_o as_o oath_n may_v be_v swear_v by_o sign_n only_o without_o word_n so_o they_o may_v and_o most_o common_o be_v by_o word_n only_o without_o sign_n as_o appear_v by_o those_o rash_a one_o which_o slip_v out_o in_o common_a discourse_n and_o other_o now_o the_o word_n of_o a_o oath_n may_v be_v consider_v yet_o two_o way_n either_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o thing_n by_o which_o it_o be_v swear_v or_o according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o expression_n and_o form_n of_o speech_n in_o which_o it_o be_v swear_v wherefore_o the_o second_o doubt_n be_v concern_v the_o obligation_n of_o a_o oath_n in_o
respect_n of_o that_o whether_o person_n or_o thing_n by_o who_o or_o which_o it_o be_v swear_v where_o two_o case_n occur_v the_o first_o ease_n be_v whether_o he_o who_o swear_v by_o the_o creature_n be_v and_o how_o far_o he_o be_v oblige_v that_o oath_n by_o the_o creator_n be_v bind_v be_v most_o certain_a and_o general_o grant_v but_o of_o oath_n by_o the_o creature_n there_o be_v some_o doubt_n nevertheless_o by_o way_n of_o answer_n i_o say_v first_o that_o to_o swear_v by_o a_o creature_n absolute_o ultimate_o and_o terminative_o so_o as_o to_o constitute_v the_o end_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o oath_n in_o any_o creature_n without_o relation_n to_o god_n be_v simple_o unlawful_a the_o reason_n be_v manifest_a because_o by_o that_o mean_v the_o reverence_n due_a unto_o god_n only_o be_v give_v unto_o the_o creature_n for_o a_o oath_n as_o have_v be_v say_v be_v cultus_fw-la latriae_fw-la which_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v give_v to_o any_o creature_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o party_n swear_v by_o invocation_n of_o god_n as_o witness_v and_o revenger_n acknowledge_v he_o ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la searcher_n of_o heart_n to_o who_o it_o be_v know_v whether_o the_o mind_n agree_v with_o the_o word_n and_o the_o most_o just_a and_o powerful_a punisher_n of_o sinner_n whereof_o neither_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o any_o create_a thing_n nay_o such_o a_o oath_n be_v even_o by_o the_o confession_n of_o papist_n apparent_o idolatrous_a second_o i_o say_v to_o swear_v by_o the_o creature_n relative_o and_o as_o it_o be_v transitive_o as_o papist_n use_v to_o do_v by_o the_o bless_a virgin_n or_o other_o saint_n or_o relic_n of_o saint_n that_o be_v as_o they_o expound_v it_o not_o ultimate_o and_o terminative_o to_o place_v the_o worship_n upon_o they_o but_o relative_o and_o transitive_o to_o pass_v it_o by_o and_o through_o they_o upon_o god_n be_v at_o the_o least_o superstitious_a because_o it_o appear_v neither_o by_o light_n of_o reason_n nor_o testimony_n of_o scripture_n that_o the_o power_n of_o search_a heart_n or_o punish_v perjury_n be_v by_o god_n entrust_v with_o or_o delegated_a unto_o any_o of_o his_o creature_n how_o holy_a soever_o three_o i_o say_v to_o mention_v any_o creature_n in_o swear_v without_o mention_n of_o the_o name_n of_o god_n as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v swear_v by_o his_o head_n y_z his_o soul_n by_o his_o salvation_n by_o this_o fire_n by_o this_o bread_n etc._n etc._n though_o for_o the_o danger_n of_o scandal_n and_o show_v of_o evil_a it_o be_v much_o better_a to_o abstain_v from_o such_o form_n yet_o mere_o for_o this_o reason_n that_o we_o ought_v to_o swear_v by_o god_n only_o be_v not_o unlawful_a because_o either_o in_o these_o form_n we_o swear_v not_o at_o all_o or_o by_o god_n only_o which_o that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o better_o understand_v lest_o i_o shall_v seem_v to_o bring_v some_o new_a and_o suspect_v doctrine_n into_o the_o church_n or_o to_o be_v indulgent_a unto_o that_o execrable_a custom_n of_o swear_v by_o the_o creature_n which_o to_o the_o grief_n of_o good_a man_n be_v grow_v so_o common_a it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o in_o form_n of_o this_o kind_n wherein_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o some_o creature_n as_o it_o be_v by_o way_n of_o swear_v that_o the_o oath_n nevertheless_o be_v in_o truth_n often_o swear_v interpretative_o by_o god_n himself_o as_o in_o all_o those_o which_o after_o the_o common_a manner_n of_o utterance_n have_v in_o they_o a_o kind_n of_o execratory_n sense_n upon_o my_o soul_n upon_o my_o salvation_n i_o will_v do_v this_o or_o that_o where_o the_o sense_n be_v let_v not_o god_n bless_v my_o soul_n let_v not_o god_n give_v i_o eternal_a salvation_n if_o i_o do_v it_o not_o and_o in_o those_o also_o wherein_o such_o thing_n be_v nominate_v as_o be_v apt_a to_o stir_v we_o up_o unto_o some_o remembrance_n of_o god_n as_o when_o the_o jew_n ancient_o swear_v by_o heaven_n by_o this_o holy_a sacrifice_n etc._n etc._n meaning_n by_o god_n who_o throne_n be_v in_o heaven_n by_o god_n unto_o who_o this_o holy_a sacrifice_n be_v offer_v etc._n etc._n but_o where_o the_o name_n of_o such_o thing_n be_v use_v which_o have_v not_o in_o their_o nature_n any_o special_o or_o obvious_a aptitude_n of_o raise_v we_o unto_o any_o thought_n of_o god_n nor_o seem_v to_o imply_v any_o execratory_n sense_n as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v swear_v at_o the_o table_n or_o at_o the_o chimney_n by_o this_o bread_n by_o this_o fire_n etc._n etc._n though_o by_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o expression_n these_o form_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v a_o particular_a kind_n of_o oath_n yet_o in_o truth_n and_o interpretative_o they_o be_v not_o oath_n but_o rather_o mere_a obtestation_n as_o anon_o in_o the_o three_o doubt_n shall_v be_v more_o full_o explain_v four_o i_o say_v every_o oath_n make_v by_o the_o creature_n whether_o lawful_o or_o unlawful_o that_o be_v whether_o it_o be_v terminate_v in_o the_o creature_n as_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n be_v by_o the_o vulgar_a papist_n which_o be_v idolatrous_a or_o swear_v by_o the_o creature_n transitive_o that_o thence_o mediate_o and_o ultimate_o it_o may_v extend_v to_o god_n with_o which_o little_a trick_n the_o popish_a doctor_n endeavour_v to_o defend_v their_o image-worship_n which_o nevertheless_o be_v superstitious_a if_o it_o be_v real_o and_o formal_o a_o oath_n and_o not_o a_o obtestation_n only_o oblige_v no_o less_o the_o party_n swear_v unto_o the_o performance_n of_o his_o promise_n then_o if_o he_o have_v swear_v in_o express_a word_n by_o god_n himself_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o in_o every_o oath_n true_o and_o formal_o such_o god_n be_v in_o some_o sort_n invoke_v witness_n five_o i_o say_v though_o by_o that_o perhaps_o which_o i_o have_v now_o say_v this_o kind_n of_o oath_n may_v in_o some_o sort_n be_v defend_v as_o not_o simple_o and_o general_o unlawful_a at_o least_o if_o it_o be_v understand_v as_o i_o have_v express_v it_o yet_o see_v it_o be_v certain_o no_o less_o obligatory_a than_o other_o oath_n and_o that_o no_o necessity_n enjoy_v n_v the_o use_n of_o it_o because_o where_o it_o be_v expedient_a to_o swear_v we_o may_v use_v other_o form_n and_o where_o it_o be_v not_o expedient_a we_o ought_v not_o to_o swear_v at_o all_o it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o that_o christian_a who_o will_v serious_o provide_v for_o the_o peace_n of_o his_o own_o conscience_n whole_o to_o abstain_v from_o this_o kind_n of_o form_n whereunto_o they_o will_v easy_o be_v persuade_v who_o shall_v thorough_o consider_v the_o original_a or_o issue_n of_o the_o same_o it_o be_v original_a it_o owe_v partly_o to_o the_o idolatry_n of_o the_o chaldaean_n egyptians_n and_o other_o superstitious_a nation_n who_o swear_v by_o the_o sun_n the_o fire_n and_o other_o creature_n which_o they_o esteem_v god_n partly_o unto_o the_o reverence_n of_o the_o divine_a name_n and_o majesty_n among_o the_o people_n of_o god_n which_o happy_o in_o the_o beginning_n just_a and_o pious_a in_o process_n of_o time_n degenerate_v by_o degree_n into_o superstition_n the_o debauchery_n of_o oath_n so_o heighten_v by_o evil_a custom_n that_o ordinary_o they_o choose_v rather_o to_o swear_v by_o obvious_a thing_n then_o as_o philo_n say_v to_o have_v recourse_n unto_o the_o creator_n and_o father_n of_o all_o thing_n the_o same_o practice_n among_o the_o ancient_a greek_n most_o of_o who_o rite_n and_o manner_n may_v easy_o be_v track_v from_o emulation_n of_o the_o hebrew_n be_v observe_v by_o interpreter_n of_o the_o greek_a poet_n who_o write_v that_o they_o be_v not_o ordinary_o wont_a to_o swear_v by_o the_o god_n but_o by_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v next_o â—at_a hand_n or_o before_o the_o eye_n as_o bread_n fire_n water_n fowl_n serpent_n and_o the_o like_a but_o that_o which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v begin_v in_o reverence_n of_o divine_a power_n be_v at_o length_n shrink_v unto_o so_o great_a irreverence_n and_o contempt_n of_o the_o same_o that_o through_o the_o craft_n of_o the_o devil_n and_o just_a judgement_n of_o god_n suffer_v sin_n for_o the_o punishment_n of_o sin_n piety_n degenerate_v into_o superstition_n shoot_v up_o again_o into_o open_a impiety_n for_o when_o once_o they_o begin_v to_o abstain_v from_o the_o name_n of_o god_n and_o swear_v by_o the_o creature_n licentiousness_n of_o oath_n will_v admit_v of_o no_o bound_n nor_o stand_v in_o any_o awe_n of_o perjury_n a_o poet_n elegant_o decide_v the_o perjury_n of_o a_o prince_n who_o think_v his_o sceptre_n not_o the_o go_n he_o think_v it_o lawful_a have_v swear_v by_o his_o sceptre_n to_o do_v otherwise_o then_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v do_v have_v he_o swear_v by_o the_o go_n augustine_n say_v of_o the_o manichee_n they_o swear_v frequent_o by_o the_o creature_n and_o
of_o these_o or_o the_o like_a be_v answer_v it_o be_v a_o oath_n whosoever_o use_v such_o form_n be_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la oblige_v and_o if_o he_o perform_v not_o the_o thing_n promise_v guilty_a of_o perjury_n but_o in_o this_o now_o will_v you_o give_v i_o a_o hundred_o i_o will_v give_v you_o they_o the_o very_a word_n add_v no_o further_a confirmation_n of_o faith_n make_v but_o a_o bare_a promise_n you_o tell_v i_o you_o will_v give_v i_o a_o hundred_o will_v you_o give_v i_o they_o certain_o i_o will_v believe_v i_o i_o will_v not_o deceive_v you_o here_o some_o kind_n of_o confirmation_n be_v add_v unto_o the_o promise_n but_o it_o be_v plain_a by_o the_o very_a form_n that_o this_o be_v but_o a_o mere_a asseveration_n neither_o a_o oath_n nor_o so_o much_o as_o a_o obtestation_n see_v god_n be_v neither_o call_v to_o witness_v nor_o any_o other_o pawn_n of_o faith_n engage_v how_o shall_v i_o know_v that_o you_o will_v give_v i_o that_o hundred_o which_o you_o promise_v here_o be_v my_o hand_n by_o the_o faith_n of_o a_o honest_a man_n i_o will_v give_v you_o they_o as_o true_o as_o the_o sun_n shine_v i_o will_v do_v it_o never_o believe_v i_o more_o if_o i_o dot_v not_o etc._n etc._n the_o word_n themselves_o show_v that_o they_o contain_v more_o than_o a_o bare_a asseveration_n but_o they_o be_v not_o a_o oath_n yet_o these_o therefore_o be_v rather_o obtestation_n wherein_o for_o further_a confirmation_n of_o a_o matter_n promise_v or_o assever_v we_o interpose_v something_o which_o be_v dear_a unto_o we_o or_o certain_a and_o manifest_v unto_o all_o as_o a_o pawn_n of_o our_o faith_n wherefore_o if_o it_o plain_o appear_v by_o the_o mere_a form_n that_o the_o thing_n assume_v for_o confirmation_n of_o the_o promise_n be_v proper_o a_o oath_n a_o bare_a asseveration_n or_o a_o obtestation_n there_o need_v no_o far_a examination_n sect_n vi_o but_o because_o it_o happeneeh_a very_o often_o through_o the_o resemblance_n of_o some_o ambiguous_a or_o large_a signification_n of_o a_o word_n or_o some_o other_o cause_n that_o it_o can_v certain_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o word_n utter_v whether_o it_o be_v a_o oath_n or_o no_o in_o the_o second_o place_n we_o must_v be_v attentive_a unto_o the_o proper_a and_o genuine_a sense_n of_o those_o word_n and_o from_o thence_o make_v the_o judgement_n for_o it_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o form_n that_o all_o those_o speech_n which_o appeal_v unto_o the_o name_n of_o god_n or_o wherein_o the_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o latin_a per_n or_o the_o english_a by_o be_v use_v with_o the_o accusative_a case_n be_v formal_o oath_n lead_v by_o which_o reason_n only_a soto_n conceive_v so_o much_o difference_n between_o the_o term_n by_o my_o faith_n and_o in_o faith_n by_o my_o troth_n and_o in_o troth_n that_o he_o determine_v those_o to_o be_v formal_o oath_n these_o none_o but_o if_o the_o genuine_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n be_v well_o look_v into_o there_o will_v be_v no_o difference_n between_o the_o proposition_n by_o and_o in_o be_v apply_v unto_o the_o same_o thing_n for_o we_o be_v to_o judge_v of_o they_o as_o the_o thing_n they_o be_v apply_v unto_o be_v sacred_a or_o civil_a the_o form_n by_o god_n be_v proper_o a_o oath_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o word_n for_o the_o name_n of_o god_n be_v a_o sacred_a thing_n and_o he_o who_o speak_v after_o that_o manner_n call_v god_n to_o witness_v but_o that_o by_o my_o faith_n though_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o some_o country_n or_o intention_n of_o he_o who_o speak_v it_o may_v be_v a_o oath_n be_v no_o oath_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o word_n but_o a_o mere_a asseveration_n or_o at_o the_o most_o a_o obtestation_n because_o humane_a faith_n be_v not_o a_o sacred_a but_o a_o civil_a thing_n and_o he_o who_o speak_v after_o that_o manner_n call_v not_o god_n to_o witness_v but_o speak_v as_o he_o believe_v or_o declare_v that_o the_o thing_n be_v utter_v with_o serious_a and_o sincere_a deliberation_n of_o mind_n for_o the_o genuine_a interpretation_n of_o the_o word_n by_o my_o faith_n whether_o in_o a_o assertory_n or_o promissory_a matter_n be_v this_o i_o speak_v from_o my_o heart_n i_o tell_v you_o my_o very_a thought_n i_o pawn_v my_o faith_n to_o you_o that_o the_o thing_n be_v so_o if_o to_o my_o knowledge_n i_o deceive_v you_o let_v i_o never_o be_v believe_v more_o etc._n etc._n wherefore_o the_o interposition_n of_o faith_n make_v not_o a_o oath_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o word_n unless_o perhaps_o it_o recall_v we_o to_o some_o oath_n which_o we_o have_v former_o make_v as_o in_o this_o university_n when_o a_o man_n be_v require_v to_o answer_v unto_o a_o question_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o oath_n according_a to_o this_o form_n you_o shall_v speak_v by_o your_o faith_n give_v unto_o this_o university_n and_o when_o convocation_n be_v solemn_o call_v whereunto_o the_o doctor_n master_n regent_n and_o non-regent_n be_v warn_v by_o the_o beadle_n to_o repair_v per_fw-la fidem_fw-la per_fw-la fidem_fw-la per_fw-la fidem_fw-la the_o like_a in_o my_o opinion_n though_o other_o i_o know_v think_v otherwise_o be_v to_o be_v say_v of_o that_o of_o paul_n by_o our_o rejoice_v 23._o which_o i_o have_v in_o christ_n i_o die_v daily_o to_o wit_n that_o it_o be_v proper_o no_o oath_n but_o a_o serious_a asseveration_n only_o that_o as_o he_o be_v subject_a unto_o death_n so_o he_o be_v daily_o prepare_v for_o death_n when_o it_o shall_v please_v god_n to_o call_v he_o sect_n vii_o now_o it_o may_v perhaps_o by_o so_o much_o as_o have_v be_v say_v be_v convenient_o determine_v what_o be_v to_o be_v think_v of_o those_o word_n whereupon_o interpreter_n various_o dispute_v of_o joseph_n unto_o his_o brethren_n by_o the_o life_n of_o pharaoh_n you_o be_v 15._o spy_n some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o joseph_n have_v be_v long_o conversant_a with_o pharaoh_n courtier_n as_o infect_v with_o a_o touch_n of_o their_o disease_n begin_v to_o savour_v at_o the_o least_o in_o this_o point_n of_o their_o manner_n and_o example_n the_o egyptians_n be_v accustom_v to_o swear_v by_o the_o king_n life_n as_o the_o roman_n in_o latter_a age_n be_v by_o the_o genius_n of_o the_o emperor_n but_o i_o can_v easy_o suffer_v myself_o to_o judge_v otherwise_o of_o the_o word_n and_o action_n of_o man_n famous_a for_o piety_n then_o necessity_n compel_v i_o see_v divers_a of_o the_o ancient_n in_o contribute_v unto_o the_o fame_n of_o the_o saint_n too_o indulgent_a unto_o their_o own_o wit_n while_o they_o will_v cover_v apparent_a defect_n with_o specious_a excuse_n a_o error_n much_o more_o pardonable_a than_o they_o who_o in_o this_o age_n delight_v with_o the_o contrary_a love_v to_o be_v curious_a enquirer_n into_o the_o fault_n of_o devout_a man_n and_o lest_o matter_n shall_v be_v want_v unto_o calumny_n by_o pervert_v blameless_a action_n bestow_v crack_n upon_o crystal_n glass_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o wash_n other_o allow_v a_o more_o favourable_a interpretation_n unto_o the_o speech_n of_o joseph_n that_o he_o use_v for_o once_o only_o this_o form_n of_o swear_v familiar_a unto_o the_o courtier_n as_o a_o accomplishment_n of_o his_o disguise_n and_o that_o he_o may_v more_o skilful_o represent_v the_o person_n of_o a_o egyptian_a prince_n which_o he_o counterfeit_v lest_o he_o shall_v be_v discover_v by_o his_o brethren_n but_o i_o do_v not_o like_a to_o lay_v this_o burden_n though_o somewhat_o light_a upon_o the_o shoulder_n of_o the_o most_o holy_a man_n without_o any_o necessity_n the_o three_o opinion_n be_v they_o who_o absolve_v joseph_n from_o all_o guilt_n but_o with_o this_o reason_n that_o they_o think_v it_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o man_n before_o christ_n forbid_v that_o kind_n of_o oath_n to_o swear_v by_o the_o creature_n which_o opinion_n i_o confess_v so_o far_o as_o it_o acquit_v joseph_n of_o sin_n i_o allow_v but_o of_o the_o reason_n for_o it_o i_o can_v allow_v for_o first_o it_o appear_v not_o that_o christ_n do_v more_o especial_o forbid_v oath_n by_o creature_n than_o such_o as_o be_v make_v by_o god_n for_o he_o general_o prohibit_v the_o unnecessary_a one_o of_o either_o kind_n a_o new_a prohibition_n of_o that_o which_o be_v always_o unlawful_a will_v have_v be_v needless_a and_o that_o which_o he_o speak_v of_o oath_n by_o the_o creature_n in_o particular_a tend_v to_o show_v that_o this_o kind_n of_o oath_n once_o make_v contrary_a to_o what_o the_o jew_n think_v of_o it_o be_v no_o less_o obligatory_a than_o those_o which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o name_n of_o god_n express_v second_o neither_o be_v it_o true_a that_o it_o be_v lawful_a before_o christ_n for_o pious_a man_n by_o any_o dispensation_n or_o divine_a indulgence_n to_o swear_v by_o the_o creature_n see_v
that_o worship_n be_v due_a unto_o god_n alone_o as_o from_o deut._n 6._o and_o jer._n 5._o have_v be_v prove_v which_o latter_a place_n though_o perhaps_o it_o peculiar_o concern_v they_o who_o swear_v by_o idol_n and_o false_a god_n yet_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o argument_n which_o the_o prophet_n use_v general_o take_v comprehend_v they_o also_o who_o swear_v by_o creature_n see_v that_o it_o may_v likewise_o be_v true_o say_v of_o creature_n that_o they_o be_v not_o go_n three_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o oath_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o definition_n thereof_o show_v sufficient_o that_o it_o be_v never_o lawful_a to_o swear_v by_o creature_n heathen_n themselves_o confess_v that_o divine_a invocation_n belong_v unto_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o oath_n which_o thing_n be_v so_o and_o this_o reason_n insufficient_a to_o excuse_v joseph_n of_o all_o crime_n the_o four_o opinion_n follow_v which_o explain_v the_o genuine_a sense_n of_o joseph_n word_n suppose_v he_o not_o to_o have_v swear_v at_o all_o and_o therefore_o not_o to_o have_v sin_v in_o swear_v amiss_o for_o if_o he_o swear_v by_o the_o life_n of_o pharaoh_n either_o the_o life_n of_o pharaoh_n be_v invoke_v as_o witness_v which_o be_v ridiculous_a to_o think_v or_o contain_v some_o execratory_n or_o imprecatory_a thing_n in_o it_o which_o what_o it_o can_v be_v without_o a_o very_a harsh_a and_o force_a interpretation_n of_o the_o word_n be_v not_o easy_a to_o divine_v but_o the_o sense_n of_o his_o word_n will_v be_v very_o plain_a and_o easy_a if_o they_o be_v expound_v by_o a_o indicative_a speech_n thus_o by_o the_o life_n of_o pharaoh_n you_o be_v spy_n that_o be_v as_o true_a and_o certain_a as_o it_o be_v that_o pharaoh_n live_v so_o true_a and_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o you_o be_v spy_n like_o that_o by_o this_o sun_n that_o shine_v i_o tell_v you_o true_a which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v this_o be_v so_o true_a which_o i_o tell_v you_o as_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o sun_n shine_v whereof_o neither_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v formal_o a_o oath_n but_o a_o asseveration_n rather_o confirm_v by_o a_o vehement_a obtestation_n i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o much_o may_v be_v say_v for_o the_o contrary_a which_o though_o it_o be_v not_o of_o weight_n to_o make_v i_o alter_v my_o judgement_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v of_o weight_n to_o make_v i_o think_v it_o fit_a that_o every_o man_n shall_v be_v leave_v free_o to_o his_o judgement_n provide_v he_o condemn_v not_o another_o and_o grant_v i_o this_o that_o it_o can_v at_o least_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o word_n except_o it_o appear_v by_o other_o mean_n be_v clear_o prove_v that_o joseph_n swear_v see_v the_o word_n contain_v no_o invocation_n of_o witness_n nor_o of_o vengeance_n sect_n viii_o the_o three_o trial_n whereby_o a_o oath_n be_v to_o be_v know_v be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n place_n or_o community_n for_o there_o may_v be_v some_o speech_n which_o neither_o by_o their_o form_n nor_o force_n and_o natural_a sensâ—_n of_o the_o word_n appear_v to_o be_v oath_n yet_o through_o receive_a use_n in_o some_o nation_n and_o common_a estimation_n may_v be_v account_v oath_n as_o on_o the_o other_o side_n such_o as_o by_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o word_n a_o man_n will_v take_v for_o oath_n may_v be_v esteem_v no_o oath_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o value_n of_o word_n be_v like_o that_o of_o money_n not_o by_o nature_n but_o agreement_n or_o rather_o use_v that_o be_v their_o worth_n be_v according_o as_o they_o be_v esteem_v to_o find_v a_o example_n thereof_o we_o neee_v go_v no_o further_o than_o some_o of_o our_o own_o form_n for_o whereas_o faith_n and_o truth_n especial_o as_o to_o this_o purpose_n be_v word_n of_o the_o same_o signification_n and_o efficacy_n in_o asmuch_o as_o he_o who_o be_v void_a of_o truth_n be_v void_a of_o faith_n and_o he_o who_o be_v void_a of_o faith_n be_v void_a of_o truth_n also_o nevertheless_o our_o countryman_n through_o long_a use_n be_v possess_v with_o a_o opinion_n that_o he_o who_o say_v in_o faith_n swear_v and_o he_o who_o say_v in_o truth_n swear_v not_o as_o also_o that_o in_o truth_n be_v but_o a_o mere_a asseveration_n and_o by_o my_o troth_n a_o oath_n of_o which_o thing_n it_o be_v a_o folly_n to_o demand_v other_o reason_n then_o custom_n to_o who_o arbitrament_n belong_v the_o right_a the_o law_n the_o rule_n of_o tongue_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o he_o who_o while_o he_o look_v only_o at_o the_o form_n or_o force_v of_o the_o word_n take_v the_o liberty_n in_o common_a discourse_n of_o such_o kind_n of_o speech_n without_o discretion_n or_o scruple_n as_o have_v by_o long_o use_v obtain_v among_o we_o the_o force_n and_o estimation_n of_o oath_n violate_v the_o precept_n of_o christ_n against_o swear_v scandalize_v his_o brother_n and_o expose_v himself_o unto_o the_o danger_n of_o perjury_n sect_n ix_o the_o four_o and_o last_o trial_n whereby_o a_o oath_n may_v be_v know_v be_v the_o mind_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v for_o be_v it_o so_o that_o a_o form_n of_o speech_n appear_v not_o by_o the_o word_n themselves_o nor_o by_o the_o common_a estimation_n of_o man_n to_o be_v a_o oath_n nevertheless_o if_o a_o man_n use_v such_o a_o form_n either_o through_o mistake_n imagine_v himself_o to_o have_v swear_v or_o through_o some_o deceitful_a intention_n will_v be_v think_v to_o have_v swear_v that_o form_n though_o it_o be_v not_o real_o and_o in_o itself_o a_o oath_n will_v have_v nevertheless_o as_o to_o that_o man_n the_o full_a obligation_n of_o a_o oath_n to_o all_o effect_n and_o if_o he_o violate_v his_o faith_n so_o give_v he_o be_v guilty_a at_o the_o bar_n of_o conscience_n not_o only_o of_o falsehood_n but_o perjury_n for_o as_o by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o apostle_n he_o who_o esteem_v a_o thing_n common_a or_o impure_a which_o in_o itself_o be_v not_o impure_a make_v it_o nevertheless_o impure_a as_o to_o he_o and_o be_v bind_v to_o abstain_v from_o it_o as_o if_o it_o be_v real_o common_a and_o impure_a so_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o contrary_n he_o who_o esteem_v a_o thing_n holy_a which_o in_o itself_o be_v not_o holy_a make_v it_o nevertheless_o holy_a as_o to_o he_o and_o be_v bind_v to_o abstain_v from_o it_o as_o a_o thing_n real_o holy_a and_o if_o error_n in_o the_o understanding_n excuse_v not_o from_o obligation_n much_o less_o may_v deceitfulness_n in_o the_o will_n because_o it_o be_v most_o just_a that_o a_o impious_a and_o fraudulent_a man_n shall_v fall_v into_o the_o pit_n which_o he_o dig_v for_o his_o neighbour_n and_o that_o his_o foot_n shall_v be_v catch_v in_o the_o snare_n which_o he_o set_v for_o another_o sect_n x._o the_o use_n of_o the_o four_o trial_n which_o i_o have_v explain_v be_v this_o that_o to_o know_v when_o a_o question_n or_o scruple_n of_o conscience_n arise_v concern_v any_o form_n of_o speech_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o oath_n whether_o or_o no_o it_o be_v true_o and_o formal_o a_o oath_n and_o consequent_o contain_v the_o force_n of_o obligation_n recourse_n may_v present_o be_v have_v unto_o these_o trial_n and_o the_o examen_fw-la of_o the_o form_n make_v by_o they_o as_o diagnostic_n sign_n and_o that_o in_o the_o order_n which_o i_o have_v propose_v begin_n with_o the_o first_o and_o run_v through_o the_o rest_n as_o there_o shall_v be_v occasion_n that_o be_v except_z the_o examen_fw-la appear_v sufficient_o make_v by_o the_o way_n to_o show_v it_o to_o be_v a_o oath_n for_o that_o which_o be_v a_o oath_n may_v appear_v to_o be_v but_o a_o affirmation_n by_o the_o examination_n of_o some_o one_o mark_n but_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v to_o be_v a_o oath_n till_o the_o whole_a examen_fw-la be_v perfect_v through_o every_o mark_n the_o end_n of_o this_o examen_fw-la be_v two_o the_o one_o before_o the_o oath_n that_o a_o man_n may_v bethink_v himself_o whether_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o use_v such_o a_o form_n or_o no_o the_o other_o after_o the_o form_n use_v that_o he_o may_v understand_v how_o far_o he_o be_v oblige_v sect_n xi_o our_o discourse_n have_v be_v hitherto_o of_o such_o oath_n as_o be_v make_v by_o sign_n without_o word_n or_o of_o such_o as_o be_v make_v by_o word_n without_o sign_n we_o come_v now_o to_o speak_v of_o such_o as_o be_v compound_v of_o both_o now_o sign_n be_v join_v with_o word_n for_o the_o great_a either_o solemnity_n of_o the_o act_n or_o dignity_n of_o the_o person_n wherefore_o a_o four_o doubt_n be_v concern_v a_o solemn_a oath_n where_o the_o first_o case_n or_o first_o question_n be_v of_o the_o rite_n and_o ceremony_n use_v in_o solemn_a oath_n of_o the_o rite_n of_o the_o gentile_n many_o have_v write_v
be_v give_v why_o both_o the_o moderate_a use_n of_o solemnity_n and_o a_o certain_a form_n of_o word_n shall_v be_v banish_v from_o the_o other_o part_n of_o public_a worship_n i_o confess_v though_o i_o have_v think_v upon_o the_o thing_n with_o myself_o and_o inquire_v much_o of_o other_o i_o can_v never_o yet_o find_v out_o why_o these_o shall_v not_o be_v take_v from_o oath_n as_o superstitious_a addition_n or_o be_v retain_v in_o the_o rest_n of_o god_n service_n as_o profitable_a help_n to_o piety_n i_o leave_v it_o to_o he_o who_o can_v unriddle_v it_o it_o be_v beyond_o my_o skill_n sect_n xiii_o the_o five_o doubt_n remain_v which_o be_v neither_o difficult_a nor_o shall_v be_v tedious_a and_o it_o be_v of_o a_o oath_n wherein_o some_o part_n of_o solemnity_n be_v omit_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o person_n as_o when_o a_o oath_n be_v give_v unto_o a_o prince_n or_o some_o great_a officer_n at_o his_o coronation_n or_o time_n when_o he_o receive_v trust_v and_o honour_n the_o ordinary_a rite_n as_o the_o touch_n and_o kiss_v of_o the_o book_n etc._n etc._n omit_v the_o word_n unto_o which_o he_o be_v to_o swear_v be_v read_v unto_o he_o he_o be_v only_o admonish_v upon_o the_o word_n of_o a_o prince_n or_o upon_o his_o honour_n etc._n etc._n faithful_o to_o observe_v the_o same_o unto_o which_o admonition_n if_o he_o move_v his_o hand_n unto_o his_o breast_n answer_v only_o that_o he_o promise_v the_o oath_n be_v account_v take_v in_o this_o case_n i_o say_v brief_o that_o the_o party_n swear_v be_v no_o lefse_n oblige_v in_o conscience_n to_o the_o faithful_a performance_n of_o the_o thing_n promise_v then_o if_o he_o have_v pronounce_v with_o his_o own_o mouth_n every_o word_n and_o syllable_n and_o have_v exact_o accomplish_v there_a of_o the_o ceremony_n and_o solemnity_n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v sufsice_v to_o be_v say_v of_o the_o external_a form_n of_o a_o oath_n perhaps_o you_o expect_v as_o i_o have_v determine_v that_o those_o thing_n which_o appertain_v unto_o the_o internal_a form_n of_o a_o oath_n shall_v have_v be_v comprehend_v also_o in_o this_o lecture_n but_o that_o part_n contain_v some_o doubt_n of_o great_a use_n and_o moment_n and_o worthy_a of_o large_a room_n espcial_o that_o part_n which_o explain_v in_o what_o sense_n a_o oath_n ought_v to_o be_v understand_v wherefore_o lest_o i_o shall_v injure_v you_o with_o too_o much_o prolixity_n or_o the_o matter_n with_o two_o much_o brevity_n i_o shall_v do_v my_o endeavour_n that_o in_o the_o next_o lecture_n together_o with_o the_o final_a cause_n which_o contain_v not_o many_o doubt_n nor_o much_o difficulty_n i_o may_v finish_v that_o which_o i_o have_v to_o say_v of_o the_o internal_a form_n the_o six_o lecture_n of_o the_o internal_a form_n and_o final_a cause_n of_o a_o oath_n contain_v seventeen_o case_n summary_n 1_o of_o the_o internal_a form_n or_o interpretation_n of_o a_o oath_n 2_o where_o the_o party_n be_v agree_v upon_o the_o sense_n of_o a_o oath_n 3_o 4_o whether_o verbal_a equivocation_n avail_v any_o thing_n 5_o 6_o or_o mental_a reservation_n 7_o that_o a_o oath_n be_v not_o to_o be_v elude_v by_o a_o study_a subterfuge_n 8_o in_o what_o sense_n voluntary_a oath_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v 9_o 10_o and_o in_o what_o oath_n that_o be_v require_v 11_o how_o far_o the_o sense_n of_o a_o oath_n depend_v upon_o the_o scope_n of_o the_o same_o 12_o a_o oath_n upon_o condition_n 13_o of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o intention_n of_o a_o oath_n 14_o when_o a_o lawful_a thing_n be_v swear_v for_o a_o evil_a end_n 15_o whether_o the_o party_n swear_v not_o intend_v to_o swear_v be_v oblige_v 16_o a_o oath_n by_o the_o way_n of_o compliment_n 17_o when_o a_o man_n be_v doubtful_a whether_o he_o have_v swear_v or_o no._n 18_o a_o man_n willing_a to_o swear_v but_o intend_v not_o to_o oblige_v himself_o sect_n i._o we_o propose_v a_o twofold_a form_n of_o a_o oath_n external_a and_o internal_a the_o external_a follow_v the_o sign_n and_o word_n which_o be_v object_n of_o our_o external_a sense_n we_o finish_v in_o our_o last_o lecture_n we_o come_v to_o the_o internal_a which_o consist_v in_o the_o sense_n and_o interpretation_n of_o the_o word_n and_o be_v the_o work_n of_o the_o mind_n now_o in_o this_o place_n i_o take_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n not_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o form_n by_o which_o we_o understand_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v swear_v for_o of_o this_o we_o have_v former_o speak_v in_o the_o trial_n of_o oath_n when_o we_o discourse_v upon_o the_o outward_a form_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o promise_n confirm_v by_o a_o oath_n and_o contain_v in_o the_o word_n a_o matter_n true_o of_o great_a moment_n and_o manifold_a use_n and_o in_o either_o relation_n worthy_a of_o your_o most_o diligent_a attention_n for_o it_o be_v of_o much_o concernment_n to_o know_v in_o what_o sense_n you_o swear_v because_o he_o be_v forswear_v who_o perform_v not_o what_o he_o promise_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n wherein_o he_o promise_v or_o aught_o to_o have_v promise_v it_o and_o that_o not_o in_o oath_n only_o but_o in_o vow_n promise_n league_n contract_n and_o all_o other_o convention_n wherein_o it_o behove_v a_o honest_a man_n that_o his_o deal_n be_v fair_a and_o his_o performance_n exact_o agreeable_a with_o the_o true_a sense_n of_o his_o undertake_n wherefore_o to_o the_o point_n the_o word_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v either_o clear_a or_o ambiguous_a sect_n ii_o the_o first_o doubt_n be_v of_o the_o obligation_n of_o a_o oath_n the_o word_n whereof_o be_v plain_a and_o have_v a_o manifest_a unquestionable_a sense_n where_o four_o case_n occur_v the_o first_o be_v where_o the_o word_n of_o a_o oath_n or_o promise_n be_v so_o clear_a either_o first_o by_o their_o proper_a and_o ordinary_a signification_n or_o second_o by_o the_o manner_n of_o speech_n receive_v in_o any_o country_n or_o three_o by_o mutual_a consent_n of_o the_o party_n that_o their_o sense_n be_v full_o agree_v upon_o by_o the_o person_n interest_v for_o example_n of_o the_o first_o i_o caius_n promise_n unto_o thou_o titius_n to_o give_v thou_o possession_n of_o my_o land_n in_o tusâ—ulan_n if_o within_o a_o month_n time_n thou_o pay_v i_o a_o hundred_o crown_n example_n of_o the_o second_o john_n bargain_n with_o peter_n for_o the_o hundred_o mark_n which_o i_o owe_v you_o i_o will_v deliver_v you_o to_o morrow_n a_o hundred_o of_o my_o weather_n or_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o your_o land_n i_o will_v pay_v you_o the_o yearly_a rent_n of_o three_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n in_o the_o former_a of_o which_o example_n although_o a_o hundred_o be_v a_o word_n so_o ambiguous_a that_o sometime_o it_o signify_v five_o score_n sometime_o six_o score_n yet_o by_o the_o receive_a use_n of_o it_o throughout_o england_n the_o intention_n of_o the_o party_n will_v be_v so_o manifest_a that_o there_o can_v arise_v no_o controversy_n about_o the_o sense_n thereof_o because_o we_o all_o know_v that_o a_o hundred_o when_o we_o speak_v of_o money_n signify_v five_o score_n and_o when_o of_o cattle_n six_o so_o a_o bushel_n in_o the_o latter_a example_n be_v a_o measure_n contain_v double_a the_o quantity_n in_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o this_o kingdom_n which_o it_o denote_v in_o the_o southern_a so_o wheresoever_o the_o bargain_n be_v make_v the_o use_n of_o the_o place_n will_v so_o explain_v the_o ambiguity_n that_o plain_a deal_n man_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n disagree_v about_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n example_n of_o the_o three_o titius_n desire_v to_o buy_v one_o piece_n of_o the_o land_n of_o caiâ—s_n border_v upon_o his_o own_o have_v former_o beat_v the_o price_n at_o their_o next_o meeting_n ask_v will_v you_o sell_v i_o your_o land_n at_o the_o price_n you_o set_v upon_o it_o i_o will_v though_o no_o peculiar_a mention_n be_v make_v of_o that_o piece_n which_o border_v upon_o titius_n yet_o it_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o forego_n discourse_n that_o the_o same_o be_v peculiar_o understand_v and_o this_o kind_n of_o oath_n oblige_v the_o party_n swear_v to_o perform_v his_o promise_n fair_o and_o in_o that_o sense_n upon_o which_o without_o elusion_n it_o be_v manifest_v the_o contractor_n be_v agree_v and_o he_o who_o bargain_v to_o deliver_v a_o hundred_o weather_n have_v not_o make_v good_a his_o agreement_n till_o he_o deliver_v six_o score_n sect_n iii_o the_o second_o case_n be_v of_o a_o oath_n where_o the_o word_n according_a to_o their_o common_a signification_n be_v clear_a enough_o but_o the_o party_n swear_v have_v no_o will_n to_o oblige_v himself_o in_o that_o sense_n intend_v another_o whereof_o the_o word_n by_o reason_n of_o some_o ambiguity_n be_v not_o altogether_o incapable_a and_o industrious_o
oath_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v with_o a_o unsatisfied_a conscience_n sect_n i._o the_o solution_n of_o the_o bond_n or_o tie_v wherewith_o he_o who_o swear_v bind_v his_o soul_n and_o whereof_o we_o have_v hitherto_o so_o large_o discourse_v be_v the_o task_n of_o this_o day_n and_o conclusion_n of_o the_o work_n propose_v of_o which_o solution_n before_o we_o descend_v unto_o the_o particular_a kind_n two_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o general_n first_o that_o solution_n of_o the_o bond_n be_v proper_a unto_o a_o promissory_a oath_n and_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v at_o all_o with_o the_o assertory_n in_o every_o oath_n whether_o assertory_n or_o promissory_a there_o ought_v to_o be_v truth_n but_o with_o this_o difference_n in_o the_o assertory_n a_o single_a truth_n and_o for_o the_o present_a suffice_v where_o in_o the_o promissory_a a_o double_a truth_n be_v require_v one_o respect_v the_o present_a the_o other_o the_o future_a the_o present_a truth_n regard_v the_o act_n of_o swear_v and_o consist_v in_o this_o that_o the_o party_n swear_v say_v true_a when_o he_o swear_v that_o be_v that_o his_o mind_n agree_v with_o his_o word_n and_o that_o he_o be_v resolve_v to_o hold_v unto_o that_o which_o he_o promise_v which_o act_n of_o swear_v in_o the_o promissory_a whole_o agree_v as_o to_o the_o truth_n and_o falsehood_n with_o the_o act_n of_o swear_v in_o the_o assertory_n for_o the_o matter_n of_o that_o truth_n in_o either_o act_n see_v it_o regard_v the_o time_n present_a pass_v as_o it_o be_v into_o a_o kind_n of_o immutable_a necessity_n in_o as_o much_o as_o a_o oath_n so_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v make_v may_v instant_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v true_a or_o false_a which_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n when_o the_o act_n have_v once_o pass_v be_v as_o impossible_a to_o be_v alter_v as_o it_o be_v to_o make_v a_o fact_n to_o have_v be_v no_o fact_n that_o obligation_n therefore_o whereby_o the_o party_n swear_v be_v bind_v for_o the_o present_a to_o say_v truth_n fall_v upon_o the_o act_n itself_o of_o swear_v and_o be_v inseparable_o conjoin_v with_o that_o act_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n can_v be_v loose_v nor_o separate_v from_o the_o oath_n and_o of_o a_o assertory_n oath_n except_o this_o for_o the_o present_a there_o be_v no_o further_a obligation_n because_o the_o matter_n thereof_o be_v some_o fact_n past_a or_o present_a but_o in_o a_o promissory_a oath_n the_o matter_n whereof_o be_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v perform_v for_o the_o future_a another_o truth_n be_v also_o require_v for_o the_o future_a which_o regard_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o oath_n and_o consist_v in_o this_o that_o the_o party_n swear_v make_v that_o which_o he_o have_v promise_v to_o be_v true_a that_o be_v that_o he_o fulfil_v his_o promise_n now_o see_v the_o matter_n of_o a_o promissory_a oath_n to_o wit_n thing_n to_o be_v perform_v for_o the_o future_a be_v through_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o future_a event_n obnoxious_a to_o manifold_a change_n and_o alteration_n hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o obligation_n which_o fall_v upon_o that_o matter_n and_o whereby_o the_o party_n swear_v be_v bind_v in_o future_a to_o fulfil_v his_o promise_n be_v mutable_a and_o separable_a from_o the_o oath_n and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o we_o call_v solution_n of_o the_o bond._n from_o whence_o also_o follow_v that_o which_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o second_o place_n to_o wit_n that_o the_o solution_n of_o the_o bond_n in_o a_o promissory_a oath_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v in_o relation_n unto_o the_o former_a obligation_n which_o arise_v from_o truth_n for_o the_o present_a and_o be_v common_a with_o this_o and_o the_o assertory_n oath_n but_o aught_o to_o be_v understand_v only_o in_o relation_n unto_o the_o late_a obligation_n which_o arise_v from_o truth_n for_o the_o future_a which_o be_v proper_a and_o peculiar_a unto_o this_o that_o be_v to_o say_v every_o person_n swear_v promissory_o ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la and_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o act_n of_o swear_v be_v simple_o and_o indissoluble_o oblige_v in_o present_a to_o intend_v faithful_o and_o from_o his_o heart_n to_o effect_v that_o afterward_o which_o he_o promise_v but_o have_v swear_v it_o may_v come_v many_o way_n to_o pass_v that_o he_o may_v not_o be_v bind_v for_o the_o future_a to_o fulfil_v that_o afterward_o which_o he_o former_o promise_v and_o intend_v in_o a_o word_n thus_o he_o be_v always_o forswear_v who_o intend_v not_o that_o which_o he_o promise_v but_o he_o be_v not_o always_o forswear_a who_o perform_v not_o that_o which_o he_o promise_v sect_n ii_o now_o that_o a_o thing_n promise_v may_v nevertheless_o lawful_o and_o without_o danger_n of_o perjury_n or_o other_o sin_n not_o be_v perform_v must_v necessary_o happen_v one_o of_o these_o two_o way_n either_o that_o there_o be_v no_o obligation_n from_o the_o beginning_n or_o that_o it_o be_v by_o solution_n of_o the_o bond_n since_o take_v away_o if_o the_o thing_n promise_v be_v when_o it_o be_v swear_v either_o impossible_a or_o unlawful_a the_o oath_n take_v unto_o the_o same_o impose_v no_o obligation_n nor_o need_v solution_n but_o penitence_n for_o as_o much_o as_o in_o so_o swear_v grievous_a sin_n be_v contract_v but_o no_o bond_n for_o we_o have_v already_o show_v that_o impossible_a thing_n and_o unlawful_a thing_n be_v in_o no_o wise_a obligatory_a wherefore_o solution_n of_o the_o bond_n suppose_v antecedent_n obligation_n and_o imply_v that_o the_o same_o may_v be_v afterward_o so_o take_v away_o or_o at_o the_o least_o obstruct_a that_o he_o who_o be_v former_o bind_v up_o so_o close_o with_o the_o bond_n of_o his_o oath_n that_o he_o may_v not_o under_o pain_n of_o perjury_n do_v otherwise_o then_o he_o have_v promise_v be_v now_o no_o far_o bind_v unto_o the_o performance_n of_o his_o promise_n the_o business_n therefore_o now_o in_o hand_n be_v to_o find_v out_o a_o certain_a reason_n whereupon_o he_o who_o have_v oblige_v himself_o by_o the_o bond_n of_o a_o oath_n unto_o the_o performance_n of_o a_o thing_n may_v rest_v secure_a in_o his_o conscience_n that_o he_o be_v deliver_v from_o that_o bond_n and_o no_o far_o bind_v unto_o the_o performance_n of_o that_o promise_n to_o which_o solution_n those_o five_o way_n common_o assign_v we_o shall_v examine_v in_o their_o order_n sect_n iii_o the_o first_o case_n be_v of_o the_o dispensability_n of_o a_o oath_n whether_o and_o in_o what_o the_o dispensation_n of_o a_o superior_a may_v take_v away_o the_o obligation_n thereof_o dispensation_n as_o the_o word_n be_v common_o take_v signify_v exemption_n of_o a_o person_n from_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o law_n grant_v by_o special_a favour_n of_o he_o who_o be_v in_o authority_n as_o if_o a_o man_n who_o be_v subject_a to_o any_o law_n shall_v by_o especial_a grace_n of_o his_o prince_n be_v exempt_v from_o obedience_n unto_o that_o law_n as_o we_o see_v daily_o practise_v in_o university_n where_o upon_o reasonable_a ground_n dispensation_n be_v usual_o grant_v unto_o particular_a person_n whereby_o they_o be_v in_o some_o thing_n free_v from_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o statute_n now_o the_o right_n of_o dispensation_n be_v found_v upon_o that_o equity_n which_o require_v that_o sometime_o the_o rigour_n of_o law_n be_v in_o some_o thing_n remit_v to_o the_o end_n that_o equity_n may_v not_o be_v exclude_v for_o see_v law_n be_v of_o necessity_n make_v in_o general_a term_n and_o have_v regard_n unto_o that_o which_o be_v common_o and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n good_a and_o profitable_a for_o the_o public_a which_o nevertheless_o pro_fw-la hic_fw-la &_o nunc_fw-la may_v happen_v to_o be_v unprofitable_a or_o at_o the_o least_o less_o convenient_a it_o therefore_o seem_v good_a where_o that_o which_o be_v establish_v by_o law_n appear_v to_o be_v exceed_o burdensome_a or_o inconvenient_a to_o some_o private_a person_n and_o the_o public_a to_o receive_v no_o great_a detriment_n by_o the_o omission_n thereof_o that_o the_o prince_n or_o other_o legitimate_a superior_a shall_v have_v power_n to_o determine_v that_o the_o law_n in_o such_o case_n be_v not_o to_o be_v observe_v and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o in_o law_n we_o call_v dispensation_n now_o what_o power_n be_v in_o secular_a prince_n to_o dispense_v with_o their_o law_n the_o same_o do_v the_o pope_n of_o rome_n arrogate_v to_o themselves_o in_o dispense_n with_o vow_n and_o oath_n who_o impudence_n in_o this_o kind_n while_o they_o absolve_v subject_n of_o their_o allegiance_n to_o king_n incumbent_a league_n and_o contract_n make_v by_o prince_n untie_v the_o straight_a knot_n of_o vow_n and_o oath_n by_o commutation_n relaxation_n dispensation_n contrary_a command_n or_o other_o artifices_fw-la at_o their_o pleasure_n and_o for_o their_o profit_n i_o can_v wish_v some_o who_o
all_o obligation_n both_o towards_o god_n and_o man_n five_o i_o say_v that_o solution_n of_o the_o bond_n by_o relaxation_n of_o the_o party_n extend_v so_o far_o as_o please_v the_o party_n relax_v as_o if_o caius_n have_v swear_v to_o pay_v titius_n a_o hundred_o pound_n and_o titius_n have_v afterward_o remit_v fifty_o pound_n the_o obligation_n be_v not_o whole_o absolve_v but_o in_o part_n that_o be_v the_o bond_n as_o to_o the_o fifty_o pound_n remit_v be_v void_a but_o it_o remain_v good_a as_o to_o the_o fifty_o pound_n not_o remit_v again_o if_o caius_n have_v swear_v to_o pay_v titius_n a_o hundred_o pound_n within_o 20_o day_n and_o titius_n perceive_v that_o caius_n can_v without_o inconvenience_n unto_o himself_o pay_v the_o money_n at_o the_o time_n appoint_v give_v he_o other_o twenty_o day_n this_o relaxation_n make_v by_o dilation_n or_o propagation_n of_o the_o time_n remit_v so_o much_o of_o the_o obligation_n that_o he_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o pay_v the_o money_n within_o the_o time_n limit_v by_o his_o oath_n yet_o he_o be_v bind_v and_o that_o by_o virtue_n of_o his_o first_o oath_n to_o make_v payment_n within_o forty_o day_n six_o i_o say_v that_o relaxation_n by_o a_o party_n be_v of_o force_n so_o far_o as_o that_o party_n be_v concern_v but_o be_v not_o of_o force_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o a_o three_o person_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o any_o man_n may_v by_o act_n remit_v as_o much_o of_o his_o own_o right_a as_o he_o please_v but_o no_o man_n can_v diminish_v the_o right_n of_o another_o without_o his_o knowledge_n and_o against_o his_o will_n let_v man_n therefore_o so_o recede_v from_o their_o own_o that_o the_o right_n of_o other_o receive_v no_o detriment_n thus_o abraham_n gen._n 14._o recede_v from_o his_o right_n when_o after_o the_o victory_n win_v upon_o the_o four_o king_n he_o bestow_v his_o whole_a share_n of_o the_o spoil_n upon_o the_o king_n of_o sodom_n reserve_v unto_o the_o three_o commander_n his_o fellow_n in_o arm_n their_o due_a proportion_n whence_o caius_n swear_v to_o pay_v a_o hundred_o pound_n unto_o titius_n and_o julius_n if_o titius_n pardon_v he_o his_o part_n of_o the_o debt_n he_o be_v absolve_v as_o to_o that_o which_o be_v due_a unto_o titius_n but_o remain_v bind_v as_o to_o that_o which_o be_v due_a unto_o julius_n upon_o the_o same_o ground_n relaxation_n by_o consent_n of_o the_o party_n avail_v nothing_o in_o contract_n of_o marriage_n because_o therein_o man_n profit_n be_v not_o regard_v only_o but_o the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n also_o to_o who_o great_a injury_n will_v be_v do_v if_o that_o contract_n though_o with_o mutual_a consent_n of_o the_o party_n shall_v be_v violate_v for_o the_o virtue_n and_o and_o efficacy_n which_o this_o relaxation_n whereof_o we_o now_o speak_v have_v to_o nats_n obligation_n suppose_v that_o act_n which_o introduce_v obligation_n to_o have_v consider_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o good_a and_o profit_v only_o of_o the_o party_n relax_v if_o any_o other_o party_n be_v by_o right_a of_o his_o own_o interest_v that_o the_o obligation_n shall_v not_o be_v remit_v the_o obligation_n be_v not_o remit_v sect_n ix_o now_o the_o sum_n of_o what_o have_v be_v say_v concern_v solution_n of_o the_o bond_n in_o a_o oath_n be_v brief_o this_o that_o the_o bond_n of_o a_o oath_n can_v be_v release_v by_o dispensation_n of_o any_o superior_a or_o commutation_n so_o as_o to_o free_v the_o conscience_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v from_o performance_n of_o the_o promise_n but_o may_v nevertheless_o be_v rescind_v and_o make_v void_a by_o a_o superior_a have_v lawful_a authority_n cease_v through_o defect_n of_o the_o matter_n or_o be_v relax_v by_o he_o unto_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v so_o as_o to_o lose_v all_o strength_n of_o obligation_n the_o promise_n which_o i_o make_v at_o my_o entrance_n upon_o the_o office_n of_o public_a professor_n be_v now_o by_o god_n assistance_n perform_v according_a to_o my_o talon_n with_o as_o much_o brevity_n perspicuity_n and_o fidelity_n as_o i_o have_v be_v able_a i_o think_v fit_a to_o add_v some_o few_o admonition_n concern_v the_o use_n and_o abuse_v of_o oath_n as_o corollary_n whereby_o our_o life_n and_o conscience_n may_v be_v profitable_o direct_v not_o by_o way_n of_o exhortation_n as_o they_o use_v in_o sermon_n but_o remember_v i_o teach_v in_o the_o school_n and_o not_o in_o the_o church_n by_o way_n of_o thesis_n or_o practical_a conclusion_n brief_o propose_v and_o clear_o explain_v sect_n x._o the_o first_o conclusion_n be_v against_o anabaptist_n and_o socinian_o that_o the_o use_n of_o oath_n be_v lawful_a i_o prove_v it_o first_o by_o the_o practice_n in_o the_o old_a testament_n the_o godly_a patriarch_n swear_v controversy_n be_v determine_v by_o oath_n according_a to_o the_o institution_n of_o moses_n in_o the_o law_n the_o prophet_n prescribe_v the_o condition_n of_o oath_n to_o be_v observe_v nor_o can_v any_o just_a reason_n be_v render_v why_o this_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o pious_a under_o the_o old_a and_o not_o for_o the_o faithful_a under_o the_o new_a testament_n see_v it_o be_v apparent_a from_o the_o end_n of_o a_o oath_n who_o use_n be_v perpetual_a that_o it_o appertain_v not_o unto_o the_o ceremonial_a law_n abrogate_a by_o christ_n and_o from_o the_o form_n which_o seem_v to_o have_v nothing_o common_a with_o the_o type_n i_o prove_v it_o second_o by_o the_o example_n of_o god_n of_o angel_n of_o apostle_n those_o be_v often_o introduce_v in_o holy_a scripture_n swear_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o man_n these_o historical_o three_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o all_o nation_n who_o direct_v by_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n have_v judge_v the_o bond_n of_o a_o oath_n for_o the_o convenience_n of_o civil_a society_n the_o sure_a confirmation_n of_o faith_n than_o which_o there_o can_v be_v no_o clear_a discovery_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n four_o from_o the_o end_n of_o a_o oath_n which_o be_v the_o confinmation_n of_o truth_n in_o doubtful_a matter_n where_o all_o other_o proof_n be_v defiâ—int_a which_o end_n see_v it_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o compose_n and_o determination_n of_o controversy_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o the_o necessary_a mean_n unto_o the_o end_n shall_v be_v at_o the_o least_o lawful_a five_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o oath_n contain_v nothing_o in_o itself_o which_o be_v intrinsical_o evil_a for_o neither_o be_v a_o religious_a act_n evil_a nor_o the_o confirmation_n of_o a_o doubtful_a thing_n evil_a nor_o invocation_n of_o divine_a testimony_n evil_a of_o which_o member_n the_o essential_a definition_n of_o a_o oath_n consist_v sect_n xi_o the_o second_o conclusion_n the_o use_n of_o oath_n in_o common_a discourse_n be_v unlawful_a the_o first_o proof_n be_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o oath_n because_o every_o religious_a act_n be_v a_o part_n of_o divine_a wotship_n ought_v to_o be_v perform_v with_o due_a reverence_n and_o with_o some_o both_o preparation_n and_o attention_n all_o which_o must_v needs_o be_v far_o off_o when_o oath_n be_v rash_o scatter_v without_o judgement_n or_o heedless_o without_o consideration_n the_o second_o from_o the_o end_n which_o be_v the_o confirmation_n of_o a_o doubtful_a business_n see_v our_o ordinary_a discourse_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n upon_o frivolous_a matter_n which_o either_o be_v not_o doubtful_a or_o not_o of_o moment_n to_o require_v religious_a confirmation_n or_o if_o they_o be_v will_v be_v little_o more_o credit_v for_o his_o oath_n who_o make_v swear_v his_o common_a custom_n for_o such_o will_v be_v assoon_o believe_v if_o that_o which_o they_o say_v seem_v true_a without_o a_o oath_n or_o if_o otherwise_o no_o whit_n the_o soon_o for_o swear_v the_o three_o from_o the_o cause_n whence_o such_o kind_n of_o oath_n be_v derive_v which_o be_v either_o a_o vicious_a habit_n contract_v by_o long_a and_o pernicious_a custom_n which_o habit_n be_v the_o fruit_n and_o mark_v of_o a_o profane_a if_o not_o atheistical_a heart_n or_o some_o exorbitant_a perturbation_n of_o the_o mindâ—_n as_o excessive_a anger_n intemperate_a joy_n with_o which_o while_o the_o mind_n boil_v the_o mouth_n foam_v to_o the_o dishonour_n of_o god_n and_o at_o which_o those_o word_n of_o james_n seem_v peculiarly_a to_o aim_v chap._n 5._o vers_fw-la 1â—_n but_o above_o all_o thing_n my_o brethren_n swear_v not_o neither_o by_o heaven_n neither_o by_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o forego_n verâ—es_n he_o exhort_v the_o faithful_a to_o suffer_v injury_n with_o patience_n and_o in_o the_o follow_a uâ—râ—e_n teach_v the_o christian_a how_o to_o entertain_v himself_o whether_o he_o be_v sad_a or_o cheerful_a a_o place_n worthy_a to_o be_v the_o exercise_n of_o learned_a man_n and_o something_o more_o diligent_o consider_v then_o as_o yet_o it_o have_v be_v by_o