Caunterbury Legate of all Englande by hys Bulles directed to hym bearing date at hys Palace in Rome called Laterane the fifteene Kalendes of Aprill in the fourth yeare of hys Papacie And further the Pope wrote also to the Englishe Cleargie giuing them to vnderstande that hee had created the sayde Archbishop of Caunterbury hys Legate commaunding them so to accept him by vertue of whiche letters the Archbyshop Huberte beeyng nowe both Archbyshoppe of Caunterbury Legate of the Apostolike sea and Lorde chiefe Iustice of Englande appoynted to holde a Counsell at Yorke and therefore gaue knowledge by the Abbot of Binnham in Northfolke and one master Geruise vnto the Canons of Yorke and to the Archbishoppes officials of his purposed intention The sayd Canons and officials well considering of the Popes letters whiche were delyuered vnto them by the messengers signifyed for answere that they woulde gladly receyue hym as Legate of the Apostolyke See but not as Archbyshoppe of Caunterbury nor as theyr primate Heerewith he came vnto Yorke vppon Sainte Barnabees day beeing Sunday and was receyued with Procession On the morrowe after he helde court of pleaes of the Crowne of assises and suche other matters touching the King and on the nexte daye beeyng Twesday he entred into the monasterie of Sainte Maries in Yorke and deposed the Abbot bycause of his infirmitie of body at the request of the Monkes but the Abbot appealed to the Popes consistory After this comming to Isoldun hee wanne the Towne and besieged the Castell but Kyng Richarde aduertised thereof The hast which king Richard made came with quicke speede making of three dayes iourney but one and entred into the Castell of Isoldun to defend the same againste his aduersaries and forthwith there resorted suche numbers of men vnto hym when they hearde howe he was besieged that the Frenche Kyng doubting howe to retire from thence in safetie made sute first to haue licence to depart and after when that would not be graunted he required at the least wise to talke with the Kyng of EnglaÌ„d about some agreement whervnto Kyng Richard condescended and so comunyng togyther The two kings againe talke togither of peace they concluded vppon a truce to endure from that day being Saterday next after the feast of Saint Nicholas vnto the feast of S. Hillarie next ensuing and then to meete againe neere vnto Louiers with their counsels that they might grow by some reasonable way vnto a finall peace and concord And according to thys Article 1196. shortly after the same feast of Sainte Hillarie The conditioÌ„s of the peace concluded betwixt the two kings Math. Paris they mette at Louiers wher finally they were accorded to conclude a peace on these conditions that the French King shoulde releasse to the King of England Isoldun with the Countrey aboute wonne by him sith the beginning of these warres Likewise all the right which he had in Berry Auuergne and Gascoigne and the County of Aubemarle Math. VVest Vpon the other parte the King of Englande should resigne Gisors and certayne other places and namely Veuxin or Veulquessine to y e Kyng of Fraunce Mat. VVest Mat. Par. Herevpon were sureties also bounde for performance and the forfeyture of fifteene thousande markes assigned to be payde by y e partie that first brake the peace Wherevppon shortly after when the French Kyng repenting hym selfe of the agreement began to make war a new King Richard seased into his hands all y e goodes and possessions that belonged to the Abbots of the order of the great Monastery of Cluny and of Saint Denice and la Charitie whiche hadde become suretie for the French King in y e summe of 1500. markes aforesayde Rog. HouedeÌ„ The Erle of Albemarle departed his life This yeare dyed William de Forz Earle of Albemarle in whose place succeeded Baldwine de Betun by the Kinges gifte and married the Countesse of Albermarle Otho sonne to the duke of Saxony There was a motion also made for a marriage betwixte the Lorde Otho sonne to Henry Duke of Saxony Kyng Richardes nephewe by hys syster and the Lady Margaret daughter to the Kyng of Scottes so as they should haue enioyed the Countreys of Lothian Northumberlande Lawnes and the Countie of Careleil with the Castels For the conclusion of this marriage the Archbishop of Caunterbury was sente about Christmas to commune with the Kyng of Scottes but bycause the Scottish Queene was then conceyued of childe hir husbande in hope that God woulde sende hym a sonne refused to stand vnto the aboue mentioned couenauntes About thys time also VVil. Pâ—… Ran. Hâ—… The Abâ—… Caen seâ—… Englanâ—… King Richarde sente the Abbot of Caen that was also the elect of Durham into England to take an accompts of those that hadde the receyptes of the Kyngs money for this Abbot had enformed the Kyng that his receyuors and officers heere in the Realme dealt not iustly in their accomptes makyng but both deceyued the King Fraudulâ—… dealing â—…ficers and oppressed hys people in exacting more than was due and concealing that which they ought to stand accomptable for The Kyng supposing hys wordes to be true or at the least wayes likely so to bee and that in reforming such vntroth in his officers it shoulde bee both profitable to him and well liked of the people sent this Abbot ouer with commission to be as it were his generall Auditor Howbeeit the Byshoppe of Caunterbury Hubert whiche was gouernour of the Realme in causes both Temporall and spirituall by reason he hadde both the Kings authoritie as his vicegerent and also the Popes as his Legate authorised dyd somewhat stomacke y e matter in that it shoulde be thought that he did suffer such abuses in the Kyngs officers and not reforme them but he helde hym coÌ„tente and sayde little sith the Abbot shewed him the Kings commssion to do that which he wente aboute although hee brought it not to passe for whereas hee came ouer in the Lente season and gaue out commaundements that all such as had any thing to doe in receipt of the Kyngs money should appeare before him at after Easter he tarried not to see Easter himselfe but was called into another world by the stroke of death there to render an accomptes for his owne actes heere in thys life committed At the same time Fabiaâ—… VVil. Pâ—… Mat. Pâ—… Ran. Higâ—… William â—…bert there was another person in London called William with the long berde alias Fitz Osbert whyche hadde lykewise enformed the Kyng of certayne great oppressions and excessiue outrages vsed by rich men against the poore as namely the Worshipfull of the Citie the Maior and Aldermenne the whyche in theyr hoystings when any tillage was to bee gathered burdened the poore further than was thought reason to ease themselues The foule 〈◊〉 order in the Citizens of London wherevppon the sayde William beeyng a seditious person and of a busie nature seassed not to make
Thomistiâ—… Scoâ—… and 〈◊〉 belweather of the other Hee 〈◊〉 of Meesore colledge in Oxforde 〈…〉 he was sent for so Parise to 〈…〉 of Diuinitie Finally he reâ—… 〈…〉 wherein an Abbey of gray 〈◊〉 of which profession he 〈◊〉 the ended his life 1302. The bookes he wrote are these Commentarij Oxonienses lib. 4. Reportationes pacisienses lib. 4. Quodlibeta scholastica lib. 2. In â—…alitica posteitora lib. 2. In Metaphisicam questiones lib. â—â— De Cognitioneâ—…eâ—… lib. 2. Deperfectione staâ—…m lib. â—… Sermones de tempore lib. 1. Sermones de Sanctis lib. 1. Collationes parifienses lib. 1. 〈◊〉 in Geneâ—… lib. 1. De rerum pâ—… lib. 1. Commeâ—… in â—…elia lib. 4. In epistolas pauli lib. plures Questiones Vâ—… 〈◊〉 lib. â—… Quaestiones praedicamentorum lib. 1. In Aristotelis phisica lib. 8. In Categorias Aristotelis lib. 1. Tentagreumata quaedam lib. 1. Commentarij imperfecti lib. 1. Eustace a Doctor of Diuinitie a very good schooleman he florished in the yeare 1â—…36 Eustace Olifer or Oliuer Eustace a student of the ciuile and Cenâ—…law a good humanitian a proper philosopher Nicolas Eustace a Gentleman borne surpassing birth by learning and learning by vertue Maurice Eustace a student of Diuinitie one that notwithstanding he were borne to a faire liuing yet did wholy sequester himselfe from the worlde Fagan bachylour of Arte in Oxford Fagane and schoolemaster in Waterford Daniell Ferrayle a Diuine Ferrayle and a schoolemaster Fergutius sonne to Ferquhardus king of Irelande the first king of Scottes Fergutius whome some affirme to be borne in Denmarke the more part suppose to haue bâ—…e an IrishmeÌ„ He flourished in they â—…are of the world 2678. and before the â—…arnation 1292. in the twenty fiue yeare of hys reigne He was by misaduenture drowned néere a rocke in the north of Irelande that of him is called to this days Carregfergus Carregfergus Vpon whose mishappe those verses were made Icarus â—…ing nomina fecerat vndis Fergusius petrae sic dedit apâ—…a sime This Fergusius wrote a booke intituled Leges politicae lib. 1. 〈◊〉 Finnâ—… was scholar to one Nennius and Sagenius taken for a déepe Deuine in his age He florished in the yeare 66â—… he wrote Proveteri paschaliâ—… lib. â—… Fielde Fielde a phisition Thomas Fielde a master of Art â—… fitz Giralde Iohn fitz Girald commonlye named Iohn fitz Edmund a very well letterd Ciuilian a wyse gentleman and a good householder Robert fitz Girald aliâs Robert fitz Maurice borne in the Countie of Kyldare Dauid fitz Giralde vsually called Dauid Duffe borne in Kery a Ciuilian a maker in y e Irish not ignorant of musike skilful in phisike a good and a generall craftes man much lyke to Hippias â—…ippias surpassing all men in y e multitude of craftes who commyng on a tyme to Pisa to the great triumph called Olympieum ware nothyng but such as was of hys owne makyng His shoes his pattens hys cloke hys cote the ryng that he dyd speare with a signet therin very perfectly wrongly were all made by hym He played excellently on all kynde of Instruments and sang thereto hys owne verses which no man coulde amend In all partes of Logike Rhetorike a Philosophie he vanquished all men and was vanquished of none fitz Raufe Richard fitz Rafe primate of Armach scholer in the vniuersitie of Oxford to BacoÌ„thorn a good Philosopher and no ignoraunt deuine An enemy to Friers namely such as went beggyng from dore to dore whereby he purchased the hatred of all religious persons He was by Edward the third hys meanes made Archdeacon of Lichfielde after created Primate of Armach beyng cited before Pope Clement the sixt for reproouyng the beggyng Friers In the heat of the sayd contention he deceased in Italy 1360. whose bones were caryed into Ireland and buried at Doudalk where he was borne He wrote these bookes ensuing De paupertate seruatoris lib. 7. Contra fratres mendicantes lib. 16. In Extrauagantem Ioannis 23. lib. 1. Determinationes ad eundem lib. 1. Contra suum Archidiaconum lib. 1. Propositiones ad Papam lib. 1. Contra fratrum appellationem lib. 1. Sermones ad crucem Pauli lib. 1. Sermones coram Pontifice lib. 1. De statu Vniuersalis Ecclesiae lib. 1. Lectura sententiarum lib. 4. Quaestiones earundem lib. 1. Lectura theologica lib. 1. Sermones ad clerum lib. 1. Sermones de tempore lib. 1. Sermones de Sanctis lib. â—… Mariae laudes Auenioni lib. 1. Illustrationes Euangeliorum lib. 4. De passione dominica lib. 1. De peccato Ignorantiae lib. 1. De lure spiritall lib. 1. De Vafritus Iudae eorum lib. 1. Propositionum suarum lib. 1. Epistolae ad diuersos lib. 1. Dialogi plures lib. 1. Walter fitz Symons Fitz Simons Archbishop of Dublyn L. Iustice and L. Chauncellor of IrelaÌ„d at one tyme a famous clarke and exquiâ—…ly learned both in Philosophy and deuinity beyng in company with king Henry the vij and hearyng an Oration that was made in hys prayse the kyng demaunded hym what fault he found most in the Oration truly quoth he and if it lyke your highnesse no fault sauyng onely that the Oratour flattered your Maiestie ouer much Now in good fayth our father of Dublyn quoth the kyng we minded to find the same fault our selues Thomas fitz Symons a very proper deuine He wrote in English a treatise of the Church Leonard fitz Symons a deepe and pithye clarke well séene in the Gréeke and Latine tongue somtyme fellow of Trinitie colledge in Oxford perfect in the Mathamaticals and a paynefull student in deuinitie He hath a brother that was trayned vp in learnyng in Cambridge now beneficed in Trim. Michael fitz Symons scholemaister in Dublyn a proper student and a diligent man in hys profession he wrote Orationem in aduentum comitis Essexiae Dublinium Epitaphion in mortem Iacobi Stanihursti Diuersa Epigrammata Phillip Flatisbury a worthy gentleman Flatisbury and a diligent antiquary he wrote in the Latin tongue at the request of the right honourable Girald fitz Girald Erle of Kyldare Diuersas chronicas He flourished in the yere .1517 and deceased at hys towne named Iohnstowne néere the Naas Thomas Flemmyng Flemming there is a Flemmyng now liuyng of whome I heare great report to be an absolute deuine and a professor therof Foillanus Foillanus a learned Monke he traueiled into Fraunce where through the liberalitie of an holy Virgin named Gertrude he founded an Abbey called Monasterium Fossense where at length he suffred martyrdome 654. Fursaeus Furseus peregrinus so called because he was borne in Ireland and did bestow his yeares as an estraunger in Fraunce where he founded an Abbey named Coenobium Latiniacense 647. He wrote certaine pamphlets that by tract of tyme are perished He flourished in the yere 650. and was buried in his owne monastery Garuye Robert Garuy fellow
charges obteyned for him the ladie Lucy eldest daughter one of the heires of the L. Barnabo of Millant whiche Barnabo payed to him .100000 ducates He maryeth a daughter of Bernabo Lord of Millaine in the Church of S. Mary Queries in Southwark by the handes of Don AlfoÌ„so de Cainuola vpoÌ„ the day of y e soleÌ„nizatioÌ„ of y e mariage which was the .24 of Jan. 1407 The duke of Orleans hauing leuied a mightie armie The Duke of Orleans besiegeth townes in Gascoigne had besieged the townes of Burg and Blay in Gascoigne meaning with force to win the same but so it fortuned that for the space of eight weekes togither there passed not one daye without tempest of raine snow and hayle myxed with windes and lightnings which killed aswell men as cattayle by reason whereof he loste as was reported sixe thousande men so that he was constreyned to breake vp his campes from before both those townes and to get him away with dishonor for all his dragges and boastes made at his first comming thither Henry Pay a valiant sea man The same time Henrie Pay and certaine other persons of the fiue ports with fiftene shippes tooke an hundred and twentie prises whiche lay at ancre in and about the coast of Brytayne laden with Iron salt Oyle and Rochelle wines In this season also bylles were set vp in dyuerse places of London on the doore of Poules Church in which was conteyned that king Richarde being aliue King R. stil aliue as was faigned and in health woulde come shortly with great magnificence and power to recouer again his kingdome but the contriuer of this deuise was quickly found out apprehended and punished according to his demerites The Citie of London this yeare in the sommer was so infected with pestilent mortalitie that the king durst not repayre thither nor come neare to it Wherevpon he beeing at the Castell of Leedes in Kent and departing from thence tooke ship at Quinbourgh in the I le of Shepey to sayle ouer vnto Lee in Essex and so to goe to Plaschy there to passe the time till the mortalitie was ceassed As he was vpon the Sea certaine French pirates which lay lurking at the Thames mouth to watch for some pray The k. in danger to be takeÌ„ by FreÌ„ch parts got knowledge by some meanes as was supposed of the kings passage and therevpon as hee was in the middest of hys course they entred amongst his fleete and tooke foure vessels next to the kings shippe and in one of the same vessels sir Thomas Rampston Sir Thomas RaÌ„ston taken the kings Vicechamberlaine with all his chamber stuffe and apparell They followed the king so neare that if his shippe had not bene froyst hee had landed sooner in Fraunce than in Essex but suche was his good happe The k. escaped through swiftnes of his ship The L. Camois put in blame that he escaped and arriued at his appoynted Port. The Lord Camois that was commaunded with certaine shippes of warre to waft the king ouer whether the winde turned so that he coulde not keepe his dyrect course or that his Shippe was but a slugge ranne so farre in the kings displeasure that hee was attached and indyted for y t as was surmised against him he had practised with the French men that the king might by them haue beene taken in his passage Ye haue heard that the Pope by vertue 〈◊〉 prouision had giuen the Archbishoprike of Yorke vnto maister Robert Halom but the King was so offended therewith that the sayde Riâ—… might in no wise enioy that benefice and so the length to satisfie the kings pleasure Henry Bowet 〈…〉 Yorke master Henrie Bowet was translated from Bathe vnto Yorke and maister Robert Halom was made Byshoppe of Salisburie then voyde by â—…uyng of Henrye Chichelley vnto Saint Dauid The Lorde Henrie Prince of Wales thys yeare in the sommer season besieged the Castell of Abiruscwith Abiruscwith and constrayned them within to compounde with him vnder certaine conditions for truce but the Prince was no sooner froÌ„ thence departed OweÌ„ GleÌ„douer but that Owen Glendouer by subtill craft entred the Castell put out the keepers and charging them wyth treason for concluding anye agreement wythoute hys consent placed other in that Fortresse to defende it to hys vse About the feast of the Assumption of our Ladie that auncient warriour and worthie knight sir Robert Knolles departed thys lyfe Sir Robert knolles depaâ—…teth this 〈◊〉 Bermonâ—…es hee was as before yee haue hearde borne of meane parentage but growing into such estimation for his valiant prowes as he was thought meet to haue the leading of whole armyes and the rule and gouernment of large Prouinces For not long before hys deceasse Saint Albâ—… hee beeyng gouernour of Aquitaine encumbred with age resigned hys office vnto Sir Thomas Belforte a ryghte valyaunt Captaine and therewyth returned into Englande where he dyed at a Manour place of his in Norffolk and from thence was brought to London in a Lytter wyth greate pompe and muche Torche lyght He was buried in the white Friers and was buryed in the Churche of the whyte Friers in Fleetestreete by the Ladye Constaunce hys wyfe where was done for hym a solemne Obsequire wyth a great Feast and lyberall dole to the poore Besyde the dyuerse noble exploytes and famous warrelike enterpryses atchieued by thys valiaunt sonne of Mars he to continue the perpetuall memorie of his name buylded the bridge of Rochester He bulâ—…e Rochester bridge commonly â—…led Knolles bridge ouer the Riuer of Medway wyth a Chappell at the ende thereof hee repayred also the bodie of the Church of the whyte Friers where hee was buryed which Churche was fyrst founded by the auncestour of the Lorde Gray of Codner He founded a Colledge of secular priests at Pomfret Tho. VValâ—… and did many other things in his life right commendable Sir Thomas Rampston Conestable of the Tower was drowned in comming from the court as he would haue shut y e bridge the stream being so big that it ouerturned his Barge The Leâ—…ois â—…eyned and â—…cquited The Lorde Camois was arraigned the last of October before Edmonde Erle of Kent that day high stewarde of England and by his Petres acquitte of the offence whereof he had beene indited as before ye haue hearde and so dismissed at the barre was restored againe both to his goodes landes and offices This yeare the Winter was exceeding sharp through frost and snowe that continued and couered the ground by al the Monethes of December Ianuarie Februarie and March 1408 The Erle of Nothumberland and the Lorde Bardolf after they had bene in Wales in France and Flanders to purchase ayde against king HeÌ„rie were returned backe into Scotland and had remayned there nowe for the space of a whole yeare and as they euill fortune woulde whilest the king helde a Counsell of the Nobilitie at LoÌ„don
also an other De sua innocentia Nicholas Cantlow a Welchman borne discended of an auntient family in Southwales as by Bale it should appeare became a Frier Carmelite in Bristow Henry WichinghaÌ„ a Carmelite Frier of Norwiche a notable diuine a greate Preacher and wrote also sundrie treatises of diuinitie Iohn Lidgate a Monke of Burie an excellente Poet and chiefe in his time in that facultie of al other that practised the same within this land he trauelled through Fraunce and Italy to learne the languages and sciences how greatly he profited in atteyning to knowledge the workes whyche he wrote doe sufficiently testifie Nicholas Hostresham an excellent Phisition Iohn Blackney a religious man of the order of the Trinitie entituled De redemptione captiuorum and Prior of an house of the same order at Ingham in Northfolke he was surnamed Blackney of the towne where he was borne Thomas Beckington Bishop of Bathe wrote againste the lawe Salique whereby the Frenchmen woulde seclude the Princes of this Realme from theyr title to the Crowne of Fraunce Iohn BaringhaÌ„ a Carmelite Frier of Ippeswich or Gippeswiche in Suffolke Dauid Boys borne in Wales and a Frier Carmelite professed in Gloucester a doctor of diuinitie Iohn Brome an Augustine Frier Michael Trigurie a Cornishe man borne whome for his excellencie in learning K. Henry the fifth appointed to be master or gouernoure whether ye list to call him of that schole or Vniuersitie which he instituted in the Citie of Caen in Normandie after hee had broughte it vnder his subiection Iohn Amundisham a Monke of Sainte Albons Oswalde Anglicus a Monke of y e Chartreux order Iohn Keningale a Carmelite Frier of Norwiche Peter de Sancta fide that is of Sainte Faith a Carmelite also of Norwiche Reginalde Pecocke Bishop of Chichester of whome yee haue heard before he was borne in Wales and Student in Oriall Colledge in Oxforde where hee proceeded doctor of Diuinitie hee wrote manye treatises touching the Christian religion Iohn â—…named Bâ—…ie of the towne where hee was borne an Augustine Frier in the Towne of Clare in Suffolke Robert Fleming Thomas Gascoigne borne at Hunâ—…te in Yorkshire of that worshipfull familie of y e Gascoignes there a Doctor of Diuinitie and Chancellor of the Vniuersitie of Oxforde William Stapilhart borne in â—…ente but by profession a white Frier in London Robert FuninghaÌ„ borne in Northfolke a Franciscane Frier in Norwich Nicholas Moâ—…ute an Historiographer Iohn ChaÌ„dler Chancellor of Welles William Botoner discended of a good house a Knight by degree and borne in Bristowe very studious in antiquities and other sciences Iohn Stowe a Monke of Norwiche but Student in Oxeford where he proceeded doctor of Diuinitie Thomas Langley a Monke of Hulme Nicholas Bingey borne in a Towne of Northfolke of that name wrote an historie called Adunationes chronicorum Henrye Beauford Bishoppe of Winchester base sonne to Iohn Duke of Lancaster of whome before we haue made sufficient mention hee was aduanced to the dignitie of Cardinall by Pope Martine the fourth in the yeare .1426 Adam Homlington a Carmelite Frier William Coppinger master of the Vniuersitie of Oxford Thomas Stacie an experte Mathematicien and no lesse skilfull in Astronomie Iohn Talaugerne a Monke of Worcester William Sutton an Astrologicien Robert Balsacke wrote a booke entitled De re militari that is to saye of warre or cheualrie so that as is thoughte hee was both a good souldier and a painefull student of good letters Thomas DaÌ„do a Carmelite Frier of Marleburg hee wrote the life of Alphred Kyng of West Saxons William Grey borne of the noble house of the Greys of Codnor hee 〈◊〉 attayne to some excellencie of learning into Italy where hee hearde that noble Cleaâ—…e Guarinus Veronensis reede in Ferrarâ—… hee was preâ—…erred to the Bishopricke of Elie in the yeare .1454 by Pope Nicholas the fifth when Thomas Burchier was translated from thence to Caunterburie Iohn Kemp Archbishop of York and after remoued from thence to Caunterbury as before yee haue heard hee was made Cardinall of Saint Albine by Pope Eugene the fourth Adam Molins or Milner as Bale calleth hym keeper of the Kinges prittie Seale excellently learned in time of the ciuill warre betwixt King Henry and the Duke of Yorke lost his head as many other did in time of those helliâ—…e tragedies God deliuer euerye Christian Realme from the like Thomas Chillenden a Doctor both of the lawe Ciuill and Canon became at length a Monke in Canterburie Roberte Bale surnamed the elder excellently learned in the lawes of the Realme was aduanced to the office of Recorder of London gathered as it were a Chronicle of the customes lawes foundatioÌ„s changes restoring Magistrates offices orders and publique assemblies of the Citie of London with other matters touching the perfect description of the same Citie he wrote other works also touching the state of the same citie and the actes of King Edwarde the thirde hee departed this life in the yeare of our Lorde .1461 euen about the beginning of the raigne of King Edward the fourth vnto whome we will nowe agayne returne King Edward the fourth An. reg 1. Edward the .iiij. AFTER that thys noble Prince Edward Erle of March had consented to take vpoÌ„ him y e gouernemente of thys Kingdome of Englande through perswasion of the Prelates and other of the nobilitie as before ye haue hearde the morow next ensuing being the fourth of March he rode to the Church of Saint Paule The Earle of Marche taketh vpon him as King and there offered and after Te Deum song with greate solemnitie hee was conueyd to Westminster and there set in the hall with the Scepter royal in his hand where to all the people there in great number assembled His title declared his title and clayme to the Crowne of England was declared two maner of wayes the first as sonne and heire to Duke Richard hys father right inheritor to the same the second by authoritie of Parliament and forfeiture committed by King Henry Wherevpon it was agayne demaunded of the commons if they woulde admitte and take the sayde Earle as their Prince and soueraigne Lord whiche all with one voyce cryed yea yea This agreement then being thus concluded he entred into Westminster Churche vnder a Canapie with solemne procession and there as king offered and herewith taking the homages of all the nobles there present hee returned by water to London He is proclaymed King and was lodged in the Bishops palais and on the morrow after he was proclaymed K. by the name of Edwarde the fourth throughout the Citie This was in the yeare of the world .5427 and after the birth of our sauiour .1461 after our accompt beginning the yeare at Christmas but after the vsuall accompt of the Church of England 1460. about the twentith of the Emperor Frederike the thirde the nine and thirtith and last of Charles the seuenth King of Fraunce and fyrste yeare of the raigne of Iames the
and bishop of saint Assaph wrote agaynste Erasmus for his Translation of the newe Testament to his small praise as he handled the matter Thomas surnamed Philomelus a Londoner an excellent Poet William Grocine verye experte in bothe toungs Greeke and Latine Thomas Spencer a Carmelite Frier born in Norwich Henry Bullocke William Latymer Young a Monke of Ramesey Arnolde of London wrote certayne collections touchyng Historicall matters Thomas Lupset a Londoner a learned young man departyng thys lyfe in the xxxvj yeare of his age aboute the yeare of our Lorde .1532 he wrote sundry vertuous treatises William Melton Chancellour of Yorke Iohn Sowle a Carmelite Frier of London and a Doctour of Diuinitie Iohn Batemanson a Chartreux Monke and Prior of his house at London Richard Whitford Thomas Attourborne in Norffolke and fellowe wyth Bilneye in sufferyng persecution vnder Cardinall Wolsey Henry Bradshawe borne in Chester where hee was professed a blacke Monke wrote the lyfe of saincte Werbourgh and a certayne Chronicle Iohn Paulsgraue a Citizen of London wrote Instructions for the perfecte vnderstandyng of the Frenche tong Iohn Skuyshe a Cornysheman wrote certayne abbreuiations of Chronicles wyth a treatise of the warres of Troy Anthony Fitzherbert a Iudge wrote an Abridgement of the lawe Iohn Litleton wrote also of the principles of the Lawe but hee lyued before thys season to wit in the dayes of Wilfride Holme wrote a treatise of the rebellion in Lincolueshire and in the Northe after the manner of a Dialogue Iohn Constable an excellent Poet and rhetoritian Iohn Hilier Edwarde Foxe student in the Kings Colledge in Cambridge was aduanced to the Bishoppes sea of Hereford and was imployed in dyuers Ambassades from Kyng Henry the seauenth both into Germanie and Italy Iohn Lambert alias Nichols borne in Norffolke of whome yee haue hearde in the Historie of thys Kyng howe hee suffered for the controuersie of the Sacrament George Fulberye Iohn Hoker Thomas Lanquet wrote an Epitome of Chronicles also of the winnyng of Bollongne Iohn Shepre Leonard Coxe he wrote dyuers treatises one in English rhetorike wherof Bale maketh no mention Thomas Soulmon borne in the yle of Gernsey verie studious in histories as by his writings notes it appeareth Iohn Longlande Bishoppe of Lyncolne Maurice Chauncy a chartreux Monke Cutbert Tunstall bishop of Duresme Richard Sampson Alban Hill a Welchman an excellent Physition Richard Croke verye experte in the Greeke toung Robert Whittington borne in Staffordshire neere to Lichfielde wrote dyuers Treatises for the instruction of Grammarians Iohn Aldrige Bishop of Carleil Iohn Russell gathered a Treatise intitled Superiure Caesaris Papae he wrote also CoÌ„mentaries in Cantica William Roye Simon Fish a KeÌ„tishman borne wrote a booke called the Supplication of Beggers Iohn Powell and Edwarde Powell Welchemen wrote against Luther Edward died in Smith field for treason in denying the Kings Supremacie in the yeare .1540 Iohn Houghton gouernour of the Charterhouse Monks in London dyed lykewyse for treason in the yeare a thousand fyue hundred thirtie and fyue Iohn Rickes being an aged man forsaking the order of a Frier Minor whyche he had first protessed imbraced the Gospell George Bulleyn lorde Rocheforde brother to Queene Anne wrote dyuers Songs and Sonettes Frauncis Bigod knyght borne in Yorkshire wrote a booke agaynst the Clergie entituled De impropritationibus and translated certain books from Latin into English he died for rebellion in the yere a thousand fiue hundred thirtie and seuen Richarde Wyse Henry Morley Lorde Morley wrote diuers treatises as Comedies and tragedies the lyfe of Sectaties and certain rithmes William Thynne restored Chancers workes by his learned and painful corrections Iohn Smith somtime Schoolemaister of Heyton Richard Turpine borne of a woorshipfull familie in Englande seruyng in the garnison of Caleys wrote a chronicle of his tyme he dyed in the yeare a thousande fyue hundred fortie and one and was buryed in Saint Nicholas churche in Caleys Sir Thomas Wiat knighte in whose prayse muche myght be said as wel for his learning as other excellent qualities mete for a man of his calling he greatly furthered to enriche the Englishe tongue hee wrote diuers master in Englishe mettes and translated the seuen Penitentiall Psalmes and as some write the whole Psalter Hee dyed of the pestilence in the West countrey bering on his iourney into Spayne whether hee was sent ambassadour from the king vnto the Emperour in the yeare a thousand fiue hundred fortie and one Henry Howard Earle of Surrey sonne to the Duke of Norffolke delyted in the lyke studies with Sir Thomas Wyat wrote diuers treatises also in Englishe metre he suffered at Tower his as in the historie of this King before ye haue hearde Iohn Fielde a citizen and Lawyer of London wrote sundrye Treatises as hys owne aunsweres vnto certaine articles ministred to him by sir Thomas More the Byshoppe of Rochester Raffell and others When hee was in prison for religion he wrote also a treatise of mans free-will de serno hominis arbitrio and Collections of the common lawes of the land c. Tristram Reuell Henrye Brinklowe a Merchaunt of London wrote a lyttle booke whiche hee published vnder the name of Roderik Mors also a coÌ„plaint vpoÌ„ London c. Robert Shinglaton 〈◊〉 of a good family in Lancashire wrote a treatise of the seauen Churches and other thinges as of certaine prophecies for the whiche as some write he settled at London being conuicte of treason in the yeare .1544 William Parrey a Welcheman wrote a booke entituled Speculum Inuenum Of strangers that lyued here in thys kings dayes and for their workes whiche they wrote were had in estimation these we fynd recorded by Maister Bale Bernarde Andreas a Frenche man borne in Tolouse an Augustin Frier and an excelleÌ„t Poet Adrian de Castello an Italian of CorneloÌ„ a towne in Thuscayne he was commended vnto Kyng Henry the seuenth by the Archebishoppe Morton and therevppon was fyrste made Bishop of Hereforde and after resigning that sed was aduaunced to Bath and Welles Andreas Ammonius an Italian of the citie of Luâ—…a secretarie to the K. wrote dyuers treaches Iames Caleo an Italian also of Paula in Lumbardie by profession a Carmelite Frier an ernest defender of the diuorce betwixt the Kyng and the Ladye Katherine Dowager disproouyng the marryage betwixt them to be in any wyse lawfull King Edwarde the sixthe Edwar. the sixt AFter it had pleased Almightie God to call to hys mercye that famous Prince Kyng Henrye the eigthe the Parliament as yet continuing and now by his death dissolued the executors of the sayd Kyng and other of the Nobilitie assembling themselues togyther did firste by sounde of trumpet in the palace at Westminster King Edvvard proclaymed and so through London cause his sonne and heire Prince Edward to be proclaymed king of this realme by the name of Edward the sixt King of Englande Fraunce and Irelande defender of the faith and of the churches
and his iourneyes appointed by the Counsayle to the intent he woulde not seeme to doe any thyng but vppon warrant And as he was nowe forwarde on his way what a doe there was what stirring on euerye side what sending what ryding and posting what letters messages and instructions went to and fro what talking among the souldiers what hartburning among the people what faire pretences outwardly inwardly what priuie practises there were what speeding and sending forth ordinance out of the tower yea euen the same day that Queene Marie at euen was proclaymed Queene what rumors and comming downe of souldiers as there was from all quarters a worlde it was to see and a processe to declare ynough to make as sayeth maister Foxe a whole volume euen as bygge as an Ilias The greatest helpe that made for the Ladie Marie was the shorte iourneyes of the Duke which by Commission were assigned to him before as aboue is mencioned and happilye not without the politike forecast of some in fauour of the Ladie Marie for the longer the Duke lingered in his voyage the Ladie Marie the more increased in puissance the heartes of the people being mightily bent vnto hir Wherevpon she in the meane time remayning at Fremingham hearing of this preparatiō against hir gathered togither such power of the noblemē and other hir frendes in that countrie as she coulde get And first of all the noblemen that came vnto hir aide were the Earles of Sussex Bathe and Oxeforde the Lorde Wentworth Sir Thomas Cornewalleys Sir Henrie Ierninghan Sir William Walgraue with diuerse other Gentlemen and Commons of the counties of Norfolke and Suffolke Here as maister Foxe noteth the Suffolke men being the first that resorted to hir promised hir their ayde and helpe to the vttermost of their powers so that she woulde not go about to alter the religion whiche hir brother had established and was nowe vsed and exercised through the Realme To this condicion she agreed with such promise as no man woulde haue doubted that anye innouation of matters in religion shoulde haue followed by hir sufferance or procurement during hir reygne but howe soone she forgate that promise it shall shortlye after appeare In this meane season the Lorde Windsor Sir Edmonde Peckham sir Robert Drurie and Sir Edwarde Hastings raysed the Commons of the shire of Buckingham to whome Sir Iohn Willyams which afterwarde was Lord Willyams of Thame and Sir Leanarde Chamberlaine with the chiefe power of Oxefordshire And out of Northhamptonshire came Sir Thomas Tresham and a great number of Gentlemen out of diuerse partes whose names were to long to rehearse These Captaines with their companies being thus assembled in warlike maner marched forwarde towardes Norffolke to the ayde of the Ladie Marie and the further they went the more their power encreased The Lords of the counsel being in this meane whyle at London after they vnderstoode howe the better part of the Realme were enclyned and hearing euery daye newes of great assemblies began to suspect the sequele of this enterprise so that prouiding for their owne suretie without respect of the Duke who nowe was at Burie they fell to a newe counsayle and lastly by assent made Proclamation at London in the name of the Ladie Marie by the name of Marie Queene of Englande Fraunce and Irelande defender of the faith and of the churches of Englande and Irelande supreme heade Of whiche Proclamation after the Duke of Northumberlande being then at Burie was aduertised by letters from the Counsayle he incontinently according to the newe order receyued from them returned with his power againe to Cambridge and suche a sodayne chaunge of myndes forthwith appeared in his armie that they whiche late before seemed most forwarde in that quarrell beganne first to flie from him and so euerye man shifting for himselfe he that late before was furnished of such multitude of souldiers was sodenly forsaken of all sauing a fewe whose perils were ioyned with his But nowe before I proceede any further in the historie of Queene Marie that was nowe receyued proclaymed Queene as then to succeede hir brother I will speake somewhat of the lerned men that wrote and published any pamphlets or treatises in his dayes as in deede there were many but for that the more part of them dyed in Queene Maries time or in the Queenes Maiesties time that nowe is or else are yet liuing I doe omit those here meaning to speak of them hereafter if God shall permit as occasion may serue For the residue that ended their liues in this Kings dayes these I finde Dauid Clapham a lawyer and well seene in the Latine tongue wrote sundrie treatises Robert Talbot a Prebendarie of Norwich very skilfull in antiquities Edwarde Hall a Counsaylour in the Common lawe but excellently seene in hystories wrote a notable Chronicle of the vnion of the two houses of Yorke and Lancaster Richarde Tracie of Todington in Glocestershire an Esquire and verye well learned sonne to Willyam Tracie Doctor Ioseph an excellent Preacher George Ioye a Bedfordeshire man that wrote diuerse treatises concerning Diuinitie and dyed eyther in the last yere of King Edwarde or in the beginning of Queene Maries reygne as appeareth by maister Bale Alexander Barkeley a Scotte a notable Poet and a good Rhetorician departed this life in the yeare M.D.LII. Willyam Hugh a Yorkeshire manne wrote beside other things a notable treatise called the Troubled mans medicine he deceased by the bursting of a veyne in the yeare M.D.XLIX Thomas Sterneholde borne in Southampton turned into Englishe meeter xxxvij Psalmes chosen forth of Dauids Psalter Of straungers that liued died here in this Kings days excellently learned and renoumed for such treatises as they published to the worlde Martine Bucer and Paulus Fagius are most famous To ende nowe with this parte of the booke concerning King Edwarde I haue thought good to set downe Cardanes verses written as an Epitaph of him as here followeth Carmen Epitaphicum Cardani in obitū Regis Edouardi FLete nefas magnum sed toto flebilis orbe Mortales vester corruit omnis honor Nam Regum decus Iuuenū flos spesque bonorū Delitia secli gloria gentis erat Dignus Apollineis lachrymis doctaeque Minerua Flosculus heu miserè concidit ante diem Te cumulo dabimus musae supremaque flentes Munera Melpone tristia fata canet Queene Marie Queene Marie MArie eldest daughter of King Henrie the eyght by the Ladie Katherine of Spayne his firste wife and sister vnto King Edwarde the sixth by the fathers side beganne hir reygne the vj. day of Iulye which daye the King hir brother dyed and she was proclaymed at London as is before remembred in the ende of the historie of King Edwarde the sixth 1552 the xix daye of the same moneth Quene Marie proclaymed in the yeare of our Lorde 1553. After the creation of the worlde 5520. In the xxxv yeare of Charles the v. Emperour of
was so farre spred increased that they spared neither the bodies of old nor yōg but were redy most shamefully to abuse thē hauing whipped hir naked being an aged woman forced hir daughters to satisfie their filthie cōcupiscence but saith she the Gods are at hand ready to take iust reuenge The legion that presumed to encounter with vs is slaine beaten down The residue kepe them close within their holds or else seeke wayes how to ◅lie out of the countrey they shall not bee once able so much as to abide the noise clamor of so many thousands as we are here assembled much lesse the force of our great puissāce dreadfull hands If ye therefore sayd she would w◅gh and consider with your selues your huge nūbers of men of warre the causes why ye haue moued this warre ye woulde surely determine either in this battel to die with honor or else to vāquish the enimie by plaine force for so quoth she I being a woman am fully resolued as for you men ye may if ye list liue and be brought into bondage Neither did Suetonius cease to exhort his people for although he trusted in their manhood yet as he had deuided his army into three battails so did he make vnto ech of thē a seueral oration willing thē not to feare the shrill vaine menating threats of the Britains that ther was among thē more womē thā mē they hauing no skill in warlike discipline hereto being naked withoute furniture of armor would forthwith giue place whē they should feele the sharp points of the Romains weapōs the force of thē by whō they had so oftē bin put to flight In many legions sayth he the nūber is small of thē that win the battell Theyr glorie therfore shuld be the more for that they being a small nūber should win the fame due to the whole army if they wold thronging togither bestow their weapons freely and with their sworde and targets preasse forwarde vpon their enimies continuing the slaughter without regarde to the spoyle they might assure themselues when the victorie was once atchieued to haue all at theyr pleasures Such forwardnesse in the souldiers followed vpon this exhortation of the Generall that euery one prepared himselfe so redily to do his dutie and that with such a shew of skill and experience that Suetonius hauing conceyued an assured hope of good lucke to follow caused the trumpets to sounde to the battaile The onset was giuen in the straytes greatly to the aduantage of the Romaines being but an handfull in comparison to their enimies The fight in the beginning was verie sharpe and cruell but in the ende the Brytaynes being a let one to another by reason of the narrownesse of the place were not able to sustain the violēt force of the Romaines theyr enimies so that they were constrayned to giue backe and so being disordred were put to flight and vtterly discomfited There were slaine of the Brytaynes that day fewe lesse than .lxxx. thousande ◅0000 Bry◅ains slaine as Tacitus writeth For the straytes beeing stopped with the Charets stayed the flight of the Brytaynes so as they could not easily escape and the Romains were so set on reuenge that they spared neyther man nor woman so that many were slain in the battaile many amongest the Charettes and a great number at the woodde side which way they made theyr flight and many were taken prysoners Those that escaped would haue foughten a newe battail but in the meane time Voadicia or Bonuica deceassed of a natural infirmitie as Dion Cassius wryteth but other say that shee poysoned hirselfe and so dyed bycause she would not come into the handes of hir enimies There dyed of the Romaines part in this most notable battaile foure E. and about the like number were hurt and wounded Penius Posthumus maister of the campe of the seconde legion vnderstanding the prosperous successe of the other Romaine Captains bycause he had defrauded his legion of the like glorie and had refused to obey the commaundements of the Generall Penius Posthumus sleaeth himselfe cōtrarie to the vse of warre slue himself After this all the Romain armie was brought into the field to make an ende of the residue of the warre And the Emperor caused a supplie to be sent out of Germanie of two M. of legionarie souldiers and .viij. bands of aydes with M. horsmen by whose comming the bandes of the ninth legion were supplied with legionarie soldiers and those bands and wings of horsemen were appointed to places where they might winter and suche people of the Brytaynes as were either enimies or else stoode in doubt whether to bee friendes or enimies in deede were persecuted with fire and sworde But nothing more afflicted them than fa◅ for whilest euerie man gaue himself to the warre and purposed to haue liued vpon the prouision of the Romains and other their enimies they applied not themselues to tyllage nor to any husbanding of the groūd and long it was ere they being a fierce kinde of people fell to embrace pea◅ Iulius Classicianus Procurator by reason that Iulius Classicianus who was sent into Britain as successor to Caius ◅elt◅ at square with Suetonius and by his priuate grudge hyndred the prosperous successe of publike affayres he sticked not to write vnto Rome that except an other were sent to succeede in the rowmeth that Suetonius bare there woulde be no ende of the warres Herevpō one p◅licletus which somtime had bene a bond man was sent into Britain as a commissioner to suruey the state of the countrey and to make the legate and procurator friends also to pacifie all troubles within the I le The port which Policletus bare was great he was furnished with no small trayne that attented vpon him so that his presence seemed very dreadful to the Romains But the Britains that were not yet pacified thought great scorne to see suche honourable captaines and men of warre as the Romaines were to submit themselues to the order of such a one as had beene a bone slaue In the end in place of Suetonius Petronius Turpilianus lieutenant was Petronius Turpilianus which had lately bene Consull appoynted to haue the gouernance of the army in Brytain the which neither troubling the enimie nor beeing of the enimie in any wise troubled or prouoked did color slouthfull rest with the honest name of peace and quietnesse so sate still without exployting any notable enterprise Moreuer there rose dissention amongest theyr men of warre which being vsed to lye abroade in the fielde coulde not agree with the ydle lyfe so that Trebellius Maximus was glad to hide him selfe from the sight of the Souldiers being in an vprore agaynste him tyll at length humbling himself vnto them further than became his estate he gouerned by way of intreatie or rather at their courtesie And so was the cōmotion stayed without bloudshed y e armie as it were hauing by couenant obteyned to
the dayes of Beda not one of the Scottish kings durst presume to enter into Brytaine againe to giue battaile against the English Nation as Beda himselfe wryteth But the Scottish writers make other report of this matter VVil. Malmâ—… See in Scotlandâ—… as in the Hystorie of Scotland ye may finde recorded The Brytaynes that dwelt aboute Chester through their stoutnesse prouoked the aforesayde Ethelferd king of the Northumbers vnto warre wherevpon the same Ethelferd to tame theyr loftie stomackes assembled an armie and came forwarde to besiege the Citie of Chester Chester as yeâ—… in possession of the Brytayns then called of the Brytaynes Carleon ardour deué The Citizens coueting rather to suffer all things than a siege and hauing a trust in their great multitude of people Iohn Leyland VVil. Malm. came forth to giue battaile abrode in the fieldes whom he compassing about with ambushes got them within his daunger and easily discomfited them Beda It chaunced that he had espied before the battaile ioyned as Bede hath where a great number of the Brytish Priests were got aside into a place somewhat out of daunger that they might there make their intercession to God for the good speede of theyr people being then readie to giue battaile to the Northumbers The number of Monkes in the Monastery of Bangor Many of them were of that famous Monasterie of Bangor in the which it is said that there was such a number of Monkes that where they were deuided into seuen seuerall partes with their seuerall gouernours appoynted to haue rule ouer them euery of those partes conteyned at the least three hundred persons the which liued altogither by the labour of theyr handes Many therefore of those Monkes hauing kept a solemne feast for three dayes togither were come to the armie with other to make prayer hauing for their defender one Brocmale or Broâ—…maâ—…l Earle or Consull as some call him of Chester Brocmalâ—… which shoulde preserue them being giuen to prayer from the edge of the enimies sworde King Edelferd hauing as is sayde espyed these men asked what they were and what their intent was and beeing informed of the whole circumstance and cause of their beeing there hee sayde Then if they call to theyr God for his assistaÌ„ce against vs surely though they beare no armour yet do they fight against vs being busied in prayer for our destruction Wherevpon hee commaunded the first onset to be giuen on them The Brytaines discomfited and slaine and after slue downe the residue of the Brytish armie not without great losse of his owne people Of those Monkes and Priestes which came to pray as before is mencioned there died at that battaile about the number of .xij. hundred so that fiftie of them onely escaped by flight Brocmale or Broemael at the first approche of the enimies turning his backe with his companie left them whom he should haue defended to be murthered through the enmies sworde And thus was the prophecie of Augustine fulfilled though he was long before departed this life as Beda hath Henric. HuÌ„t But if this battaile was fought in the seuenth yeare of Ciovulf king of Westsaxons as some haue written and that Augustin liued .xij. yeares after his entrance into the gouernment of the sea of Canterburie as some write it is euident that he liued foure yeares after this slaughter made of the Brytishe Priestes and Monkes by Ethelferd as before is recited For Ciovulf beganne his raigne as before is mentioned about the yeare of our Lorde .596 and in the seuenth yeare of hys raigne the battail was fought at Degsastaâ—…e betwixt Englishmen and Scottes which chaunced in the yeare of our Lorde .604 as Bede himselfe recordeth Hitherto out of our olde writers Of which battaile also William Harison telleth another maner of tale whose wordes though he liue in our time and his Chronologie bee not yet extant are not to be omitted which be these Athelbright or Edilfride king of the NorthuÌ„bers and Ethelbert of Kent hauing Augustine in their coÌ„panie in the .8 yeare after his arriuall doe make warre vpon suche Brytaynes as refuse to obserue the Canons of the late Councell mentioned .603 and kill 1200. Monkes of the Monasterie of Bangor which laboured earnestly and in the sweate of their browes thereby to get theyr liuings c. Thus farre maister Harison Verily Galf. Mon wryteth that Ethelbert king of Kent after he sawe the Brytaynes to disdaine and denie their subiection vnto Augustine by whom he was conuerted to the christian faith stirred vp Ethelfred king of the Northumbers to warre against the Brytains But hereof maister Foxe doubteth and therfore sayth Acts and Monuments Pag. 160. that of vncertaine things hee hath nothing certainly to say much lesse to iudge But now to the matter where we left After that King Edelferd had made slaughter of the Brytaines as before is rehearsed hee entred the Citie of Chester and from thence marched towardes Bangor Gal. Mon. On the part of the Brytaynes the foresayde Bledrike which was chiefe captaine of the fielde in that battaile chaunced to be slaine Thus hath Gal. Mon. but the auncient writers of the English kings as Bede Wil. â—…alm and Henrie Hunt make no mention of this last battaile and victorie obteyned by the Brytaynes in maner as aboue is expressed in Galfrids booke But contrarily we finde that Ethelferd hauing such good successe in his businesse abroade as hee coulde wishe Edwin the sonne of king Alla 〈◊〉 vpon purpose to auoyde daunger at home banished Edwin the sonne of Alla or Elle a yong Gentleman of great towardnesse lately come to the kingdom of the Northumbers by the death of his father But this Edwine in time of his exile beeing long tossed from place to place and finding no stedfast friendship now in time of his aduersitie at length came to Redwalde that was king at that time of the East Angles the thirde from Vffa as successor to Titullus which Titullus did succeede next after the sayde Vffa 592 the first king of East Angles as before is mentioned Edelferd This Redwalde did verie honourably intertaine Edwine insomuch that Edelferd being informed thereof he was highly displeased and sent Ambassadors vnto Redwalde to requyre him either to deliuer Edwine into his handes or else if he refused so to do to declare and denounce vnto him open warres Redwalde encouraged by his wife that counselled him in no wise to betray his friende to whoÌ„ he had giuen his fayth for the menaces of his enimie assembled forthwith an armie 617 and vpon the sodaine comming vpon Ethelferd set vppon him ere he coulde haue time to assemble his people togither But yet the sayd Ethelfred H. Hunt though he was entrapped and brought in daunger at vnwares he dyed not vnreuenged for putting himselfe in defence with such power as he coulde then get togyther he boldely encountred the enimies and gyuing battaile slue Remerius the
After this about the .xxj. yeare of his raigne Anno. 708 as is noted by Mat. VVest king Inas and his cosin Nun fought with â—…erent king of the Brytaynes In the beginning of the battaile one Higelbald a noble man of the West Saxons part was slaine H. Hunt but in the ende Gerent with his Brytains was chased In the .xxvi. yeare of his raigne Mat. VVest hath 718. the same Inas fought a mightie battaile against Cheolred King of Mercia at Wâ—â—enesburie with doubtfull victorie for it could not well be iudged whether part susteyned greater losse In the .xxxvi. yeare of his raigne king Inas inuaded the South Saxons with a mightie armie and 〈◊〉 in battaile Ealdbright or 〈◊〉 king of the South Saxons ioyned that kingdome vnto the kingdome of the West Saxons Mat. VVest hath 722. so that from thence forth the kingdome of those South Saxons ceassed after they had raigned in that kingdome by the space of fiue kings successiuely that is to wit â—…lla Cissa Ethelwalke The end of 〈◊〉 kingdome of the South Saxoes Berutius and this last Aldhinius or Ealdbright Finally when Inas had raigned .xxxvij. yeares and .x. or .xj. odde Monethes hee renounced the rule of his kingdome togither with all worldly pompe and went vnto Rome as a poore pylgryme Inas went to Rome and there dyed and there ended his life But before this during the time of his raigne hee shewed himselfe verie deuout and zealous towardes the aduauncement of the Christian Religion He made and ordeyned also good and wholesome lawes for the amendment of maners in the people whiche are yet extant and to bee reâ—â—e written in the Saxon tongue and translated into the Latine in tymes past and nowe lately agayne by maister William Lambert and imprinted by Iohn Day in the yeare .1568 togither wyth the lawes and Statutes of other Kings before the Conquest as to the learned it may appeare Moreouer king Ine or Inas buylded the Church of Welles dedicating it vnto saint Andrew where afterwardes a Bishops Sea was placed which at length was translated vnto Salisburie Ethelburga He had to wife one Ethelburga a woman of noble lynage who had beene earnest in hande with him a long time to perswade him to forsake the worlde but shee could by no meanes bring hir purpose to passe VVil. Malm. till vppon a time the king and she had lodged at a Manor place in the Countrey where all prouision had beene made for the receyuing of them and theyr trayne in most sumptuous manner that might be as well in riche furniture of householde as also in costly viandes and all other things needefull or that might serue for pleasure and when they were departed the Queene the foresayde Ethelburga caused the keeper of that house to remoue all the bedding The deuise of Queene Ethelburga to perswade hir husband to forsake the world hangings and other such things as had beene brought thither and ordeyned for the beautifull setting forth of the house and in place therof to bring ordure strawe and suche lyke fylth as well into the Chambers and Haâ—â— as into all the houses of office and that done to lay a Sowe wyth Pigges in the place where before the kings bed had stoode Herepon when she had knowledge that euerye thing was ordered according to hir appoyntment she perswaded the King to returne thyther agayne feyning occasions great and necessarieâ—… After he was returned to that house whiche before seemed to the eye a Palace of moste pleasure and nowe fynding it in suche a fylthie sâ—â—te as might lothe the stomacke of any man to beholde the same shee tooke occasion thereof to perswade him to the consideration of the 〈◊〉 pleasures of this worlde whiche in a moment turned to naught togyther with the corruption of the fleshe beeing a fylthie lumpe of Claye after it shoulde once be dyssolued by death and in fine where before shee had spente muche labour to moue hym to renounce the Worlde though all in vayne yet nowe the beholding of that chaunge in his pleasant Palayce wherein â—…o late hee had taken so greate delight wrought suche an alteration in hys mynde that hir wordes lastlye tooke effecte so that hee resigned the Kingdome to his cousin Ethelard and went himselfe to Rome as aboue iâ—… mentioned and his wife became a Nunne in the Abbey of Barking where she was made Abbesse and finally there ended hir lyfe This Inas was the fyrst that caused the money called Peter pens Peter pens to bee payde vnto the Bishop of Rome which was for euery houshold within his dominion a pennie In this meane time Edilred or Ethelred hauing gouerned the Kingdome of Mercia by the terme of .xxix. yeares King Ethelred becommeth a Monke became a Monke in the Abbey of Bardeny and after was made Abbot of that house Ostrida He had to wyfe one Ostryda the sister of Ecgfride King of Northumberlande by whome hee had a sonne named Ceolred But he appoynted Kenred the sonne of his Brother Vulfhere to succeed him in the kingdome Beda in Epit. The sayde Ostrida was cruelly slaine by the treason of hir husbandes subiectes about the yeare of our Lorde .697 697 King Kenreds The foresayde Kenred was a Prince of greate vertue deuoute towardes God a furtherer of the common wealth of his Countrey and passed hys lyfe in greate synceritye of maners In the fifth yeare of his raigne he renounced the worlde and went to Rome togither with Offa king of East Saxons where he was made a Monke â–ª and finally dyed there in the yeare of our Lord .711 711 Nauclerus By the ayde and furtherance of this Kenred a Monke of Saint Benetâ—… order cleped Egwin buylded the Abbay of Euâ—…shame Egwin Bishop of Worcester Afterwardes the same Egwine was made Bishoppe of Worcester Wee finde it recorded by wryters that this Egwine had warning giuen to him by visions as hee constantly affyrmed before Pope Constantine to set vp an Image of our Laâ—â—eâ—… in his Churche Herevppon the Pope approuing the testifications of this Byshoppe by hys Bulles wrytte to Bryghtwalde the Archebyshoppe of Canterburie to assemble a Synode and by authoritie thereof to establishe the vse of Images charging the kings of this lande to bee present at the same Synode vpon paine of excommunication This Sinode was holden about the yeare of our Lorde .712 in the dayes of Inas King of West Saxons Bale 710. and of Ceolred king of Mercia successor to the foresayde Kenred After Kenred succeeded Ceolredus the sonne of his vncle Edilred and died in the .viij. yeare of his raigne Harison hath three onely Henric. HuÌ„t and was buried at Lichfielde Then succeeded Ethelbaldus that was discended of Eopa the brother of king Penda as the fourth from hym by lineall succession Thys man gouerned a long time without any notable trouble some warres he had and sped diuersly In the
by the Earle of March and cōming to the sayd towne tooke it slue all the English men founde within it put theyr goodes to the sack and after set the towne on fire and so departed The English men inuade Scotlande Herevpon the English men shortly after enter with an armie into Scotlande burning doing much hurt vpon the landes of sir Iohn Gordon for that they ioyned to the Erle of Marches lāds Sir Iohn Gordoun right desirous to reuenge this iniurie came into Englande with an armie and getting togither a great bootie of Cattell returned therwith homewardes but being encountred by the way at a place called Carran or Carram by Iohn Lilborne and other English men there was a sore fight betwixt them the victorie for a time shewing it selfe so variab◅e and vncertaine that sir Iohn Gordon was sore wounded and the Scottes were fiue tymes that day had in chase and as often got the like aduantage of their enimies The English men discomfited Sir Iohn Lylborne taken In the ende the Englishe men were clearely discomfited and theyr Captayne sir Iohn Lylborne with his brother diuerse other brought prisoners into Scotlande To reuenge these displeasures Henrie Percie Erle of Northumberland Henrie Percie Erle of Northumberland entred into Scotlande with seuen thousande men and comming vnto Duns there pytch◅d downe his tents but in the night following came the Herdes and other people of the countrey hauing prepared certayne bagges made and sowed togither of drie leather like to Bladders A policie to afright horses into the whiche they had put small pebble stones and running vp and downe about the place where the English men were encamped made suche a noyse with those bagges full of stones that the Englishe mens Horses breaking theyr Halters and Brydles wherewith they were tyed ranne from theyr maisters and keepers and were scattered so abrode in the countrey that the Scottishe men got holde of them and so in the morning the English men that had watched al night for doubt to haue beene assayled by theyr enimies perceyuing themselues set on foote returned home without any further attempt In the meane time Thomas Musgraue captaine of Barwike taken prisoner Thomas Musgraue captaine of Barwike comming to the succors of the Earle of Northumberlande chaunced to meete with sir Iohn Gordon vpon the way by whome he was takē led into Scotland as his prisoner Neyther had the Scottes the better thus only on the East Marches but also on the West where sir Iohn Iohnstoun had sundrie skyrmishes with the English men and went euer away with the vpper hande About this time Pope Gregorie the .xj. A Legate from the Pope sent a Legate from Auignion to king Robert forbidding him in any wise to meddle with the goodes perteining to the Church after the deceasse of any Bishop person or vicar On the .xxij. day of October in the yere .1378 1378 Dauid Stewarde was borne which afterwards was made Duke of Rothsay and on Saint Androwes day next following Barwike taken by Scottes the towne of Barwike was taken by sir Iohn Gordon and .vj. or vij other knightes but it was not long kept Recouered againe out of their handes for a number of English men entring by a posterne of the Castell recouered the towne easily againe out of the Scottish mens handes After this 1380 William Erle of Dowglas came with .xx. thousande men to the Fayre of Pennire within England and spoyled all the goods found as then in the same Fayre The Fayre of Pennyre and so returned with great ryches into Scotlande but the Scottishe men smally reioysed at this gaynes for with such cloth other wares as they brought away with them from the foresayde Fayre they brought into the Countrey suche a violent and sore pestilence The thirde time that the pestilēce came in to Scotland that the thirde part of all the people where it came dyed therof This was the third time that the pestilence was knowne to haue don any great hurt in Scotlād being in the yeare after the incarnation .1380 1380 The English men to reuenge the displeasure done by the Earle of Dowglas at Pennyre raysed a great army The English men inuade the Scottish borders and came with the same ouer Sulway inuading y e Scottish borders on that side most cruelly spared neither fire nor sworde Ambassadours frō the French king Charles the sixt as then French king hearing of suche prosperous aduentures dayly chauncing to the Scottes sent ouer his Ambassadours vnto king Robert exhorting him to followe his good fortune and occasion thus offered to reuenge old iniuries agaynst the Englishe men nowe that their heartes seemed to fayle them through losses susteyned diuerse wayes of late at the Scottishe mens handes An other cause of their message was also as the Scottes doe write to renue the olde league and bande betwixt Scotland and France The renuing of the league betwixt Scotlande and Fraunce which being done in solemne wise according to the maner they returned into Fraunce and with them went Ambassadors from king Robert vnto their maister the sayd King Charles Walter Wardlaw Cardinall and Bishop of Glasgew wyth many other noble men who in like maner there renued the same league and bond of friendship to the high contentation of both the Princes This was in the eleuenth yeare of King Robert hys raigne The Chauncelor of Scotland slaine In which yeare Iohn Lion Chauncelor of Scotlande was slaine by Iames Lyndesay Erle of Crawford This Iohn Lion grewe into so high fauour with king Robert that he gaue to him his daughter the Ladie Elizabeth in mariage with diuerse possessions and landes called Glammis Of him the surname of the Lions is descended and in memorie thereof they beare in their armes the Lion and Lillyes wyth the tresse in fourme and fashion as the King of Scotlande beareth hys saue that theyr Lions are placed in a blacke fielde The cause why the Earle of Crawford thus slue the Chancelor was only vpon enuy spite Enuie and spite for that after he had maried the kings daughter he atteyned to such estimatiō and authoritie that he might do all things with the king according to his owne will and pleasure The Earle of Crawford in exile For this offence the Erle of Crawford remayned in exile certaine yeares after and durst not returne home til finally through earnest sute made to the king by the Erles of Dowglas and March His pardon is begged his pardon was begged and then at length he was reconciled to the kings fauour In the meane time Edward king of England the third of that name departed this life and Richard of Burdeaux sonne to the blacke Prince Edward that was sonne to the said K. Edward succeeded in the fourth yeare of whose raigne being after the byrth of our Sauiour .1181 1381 English Ambassadors sent into Scotland
was slain and diuerse Barons on his side although the victorie and field remayned with his sonne the maister of Crawforde who succeeded his father and was called Earle Beirdy On the Erle of Huntleys syde were slaine Iohn Forbes of Petslege Alexander Berckley of Gartulye Robert Maxwell of Telyne William Gurdun of Burrowfielde Sir Iohn Oliphant of Aberdagie and fiue hundred more on theyr syde and one hundred of the victorers were also slaine as Hector Boetius hath Who likewise reporteth that the occasion of thys battayle dyd chaunce through the varyaunce that fell ouâ—…e betwixt the Earle of Crawfordes eldest sonne Alexander Lyndsey and Alexander Ogilbye or Ogiluie as some write him aboute the office of the Balifewike of Arbroth the which the Maister of Crawforde enioying was displaced and put out by the sayde Ogiluie Wherevpon the Maister of Crawforde to recouer his right as he tooke it got a power togither with helpe of the Hamiltons and with the same seased vpon the Abbay and Ogiluie with helpe of the Erle of Huntly came thither with an armie to recouer the place againe out of his aduersaries handes and so vpon knowledge hereof gyuen vnto the Earle of Crawforde he himselfe comming from Dundee vnto Arbroth at the very instant when the battails were readie to ioyne caused first his sonne to stay after calling forth sir Alexander Ogiluie to talke with him in purpose to haue made peace betwixt him his sonne was thrust into the mouth with a speare by a coÌ„mon souldier that knewe nothing what his demaundment so that he fel downe therewith and presently died in the place whervpon togither the parties went incoÌ„tinently without more protracting of time and so fought with such successe as before ye haue heard The Erle of Huntley escaped by flight but Alexander Ogiluie being taken and sore wounded was led to the castel of Fineluin where shortly after he died of his hurtes This battaile was fought the .xxiij. of Ianuarie 1445 The Castell of Edenburgh besieged in the yeare of our Lorde .1445 This yeare also or as Hector Boetius hath in the yere next insuing the castell of Edenburgh was besieged by the space of .ix. monethes by the king the Erle of Dowglas sir WilliaÌ„ Creichton being within it At length it was giuen ouer vpon certain coÌ„ditions the said sir William restored to the office of Chancellor againe but hee would not meddle with the ordering of the kings businesse staying for a time more conuenient Sir Iames Stewarde surnamed the blacke knight husband to the Queene the kings mother Iames Steward is banished the realme was banished the realme for speaking wordes against the misgouernment of the king realme wherwith he offended the Erle of Dowglas As he passed the seas towards Flanders He dyed he was takeÌ„ by the Flemings shortly after departed this life The queen his wife being aduertised of his death died also within a while after The Queene dyed 1446 was buried in the Charterhouse of Perth the .xv. of Iuly in y e yeare 1446. Hir name was Iane Somerset daughter to the Erle of Somerset Iames the first maried hir as before ye may reade in England She had by him .viij. childreÌ„ two sonnes .vj. daughters which were all honourably maried the first named Margaret to the Dolphin of Fraunce the seconde Eleanore to the Duke of Brytayne the thirde to the Lorde of Terueer in Zelande the fourth to the Duke of Austrich the fifth to the Earle of Huntley and the sixth to the Earle of Morton And by Iames Stewarde hir seconde husbande she had three sonnes Iohn Earle of Athole Iames Erle of Buchquhan and Androw Bishop of Murrey Soone after sir William Creichton with the Bishop of Dunkelde Nicholas Oterburn a Canon of Glasgâ—…w were sent in ambassade vnto the duke of Gelderland for his daughter called Marie King Iames maryed a daughter of Gelderland to be ioyned in mariage with K. Iames. Their suite was obteyned the Ladie sent into Scotland nobly accoÌ„panied with diuerse Lordes both spirituall and temporall At hir arryuall shee was receyued by the king with great triumph and the maryage solemnized by the assistaunce of all the Nobles of Scotland with great banketting ioyfull myrth and all pleasant intertainment of those strangers that might be 1447 In the yeare 1447. ther was a Parliament holden at Edenbourgh in the which sir Alexander Leuingston of Calender late gouernor Iames Dundas and Robert Dundas knightes aâ—… the pursuite of the Earle of Dowglas were forfalted and condemned to perpetuall prison in Dunbrytan and Iames Leuingston his eldest sonne Robert Leuingston Treasorer and Dauid Leuingston knights lost their heades Iames before his execution made a very wise oration to the standers by Iames Leuingston made an Oration declaring the instabilitie of fortune chauÌ„ge of court exhorting al persons to beware thereof sith enuye euer followed high estate and wicked malice neuer suffred good men to gouerne long W. Creichton condemned In the same Parliament sir William Creichton was also forfalted for diuerse causes but principally for that his seruants would not deliuer the house of Chreichton to the kings heralde who charged them so to do This forfalture was coÌ„cluded in parliament by vertue of an act which the saide William when he was Chancellor caused to be made so being the first inuenter was also the first against whom it was practised Incursions made 1448 The yeare next ensuing were sundris incursions made betwixt Scots and EnglishmeÌ„ on the borders Dunfreis was burnt and likewise Anwike in EnglaÌ„d but shortly after a truce was concluded for .vij. yeres great offers of friendship made by the English men for to haue the warres cease on that side bicause the warre betwixt theÌ„ Fraunce was very hotely pursued and ciuill dissention disquieted the state of EnglaÌ„d which was raysed betwixt y e two houses of LaÌ„caster York 1450 English men fetch booties 〈◊〉 of Scotlande The English borderers of the west Marches fetched a great bootie of cattell out of Scotlande notwithstanding the truce in reuenge whereof the Scots inuading England wasted the countrey burnt townes and villages slue the people and with a great praye of prisoners goodes and cattel The Sâ—…ntes made Englande returned home into Scotland Herewith followed dayly rodes and forrayes made on both sides betwixt the Scottes and English men and that with such rage and crueltie that a great part of Cumberland was in maner layde wast for on that side the Scots chiefly made their inuasions bycause that from thence the first occasion of all this mischiefe might seeme to haue had the beginning WheÌ„ such things were certified to the king of Englandes counsell an army was appointed forthwith to inuade ScotlaÌ„d vnder y e leading of the Earle of Northumberland A knight named Magnus of one Magnus surnamed redbeard a captain of great experience as he that had bene trayned
of Englande 258.26 hee is slayne by the glauncing of an arrovve 261.11 VVilliam surnamed the LioÌ„ created King of Scotland 272.20 he sendeth Ambassadors into Englande to require restitution of Northumberlande 272.29 hee commeth to London to do homage 272.39 and vvith manye nobles of Scotlande passe ouer into NormaÌ„dy vvith Henry the seconde of England 272.54 VVilliam inuadeth the confines of England vvith a mighty armye 273 2â—… hee is taken prisoner by the Englishmen 273.100 VVilliam conueyd into Norâ—…dy to the K. of England 273. â—… VVilhelmus Paraus â—…ed 274 â—… and. 275. â—… VVilliam râ—…nsomed vppon conditions 274.77 he sendeth Ambassadours to the Pope to present his obedience to him 27â—… â—… VVilliam marrieth Ermengante daughter to Richard vicourâ—… Beatmount 276. â—… VVilliams first vvife dieth 27â—… â—… he deuiseth sharp lavves againâ—…t theeues and robbers 277.9â—… miraculously healeth a childâ—… aâ—… Yorke 2â—…6 7â—… VVilliam King of Scotland 〈◊〉 281.38 his liberalitie vnto Richard the first of England 279. â—â— VVilliam doeth homage to Kyng Iohn of England 275. â—â— VVilliam ouerthrovveth the Castell vvhich K. Iohn had builâ—… in Northumberland â—… VVine and ale sould by vvâ—… 385. â—â— VViues to haue the thirds of the Lorde or Baron their husbaâ—… lande 246 4â—… VVinter Comptroller of Kyng Henry the eight Ships 62 6â—… VVisartes Iugglers and Necromancers to be burnt â—… â—…6 VVitches vvords if they be credited vvhat hapneth therâ—… 75â—…6 VVitchcraft practised by an Image of vvax 207. â—…6 VVitches prophecie â—… 34 VVitches and Sorcerers 〈◊〉 in Edenburgh â—â—â— VVolfe the heardmans foe 27 4â—… VVolfes carie avvay a Shepherd 40. â—â— VVomen encamped 30. â—…7 VVomen appointed in battayle aray among men 404 VVomen assist Queene Voâ—… against the Romaines 44.44 VVomen vvell appointed vvâ—…th armour and vveapon 44.49 VVomen as readie to battayle as men 62.64 VVomen in Scotland accostomed to the vvarres â—… 91 VVomen and aged persons slaâ—… 90. â—â— VVomen discomfortable 176 2â—… VVomen coÌ„demned to be drovvned or buried quicke â—…0 â—â— VVoman marrying vvith the L. of the soyle to leese â—…ur heritage 245.77 VVoman of manlike force stature 342. â—…6 VVomen children eaten 347.57 VVonderfull policie of Brâ—…duâ—… against the Scottes â—…2 22 VVood Dauid CoÌ„ptroller to K. Iames the fifth 445 9â—… Y. YEvves a vvhole yeare beyng foorth no lambes 355.59 Yorke yeeldeth vnto Odouius 25.74 Yorke commeth into possession of Hengist .117.79 besieged by Arthure 127.45 also taken and sacked by the Danes â—…93 34 Yorkesvvolde spoyled by the Scottes 324.69 Youth to eate but one meale a day â—…87 â—… Youth to bee trayned vp in hardnesse 187. â—… Yule that is the tvvelfth days in Christmasse 285.32 FINIS 1577. THE Historie of Irelande from the first inhabitation thereof vnto the yeare 1509. Collected by Raphaell Holinshed and continued till the yeare 1547. by Richarde Stanyhurst AT LONDON ¶ Imprinted for Iohn Hunne God saue the Queene ¶ The Authors out of whome this Historie of Irelande hath bene gathered Edmond Campion Giraldus Cambrensis Flatsburie Henricus Marleburgensis Saxo Grammaticus Albertus Crantz Rogerus Houeden Guilielmus Paruus Nouoburgensis Polichronicon siue Ranulfus Higeden Iohannes Bale Recordes and Rolles diuers ⧠TO THE RIGHT Honourable sir Henry Sydney Knight Lorde Deputie Generall of Irelande Lorde president of Wales Knight of the moste noble Order of the Garter and one of hir Maiesties priuie Counsel within hir Realme of Englande TAking in hande right Honorable to gather the perticular Histories of diuers Countries and Nations to ioyn vvith a Cosmographie vvhich one Reginald VVoulfe late Printer to the Queenes Maiestie meant to publishe in our English tounge vvhen I came to coÌ„sider of the Histories of Ireland I founde my selfe so vnprouided of helpes to set dovvne any perticular discourse therof that I vvas in dispaire to enterprice to vvrite any thing at all concerning that realme othervvise thaÌ„ incidently as fell to purpose to touche the same in the Historie of England At length yet as Maister VVoulfes vse vvas to imparte to me all suche helpes as he might at any hande procure for my furtherance in the collections of the other Histories vvherevvith I specially dealte his happe vvas to light also vpon a copie of tvvoo Bookes of the Irishe Histories compiled by one Edmond Campion fellovv somtime of S. Iohn Baptists Colledge in Oxforde very vvell penned certenly but so briefe as it vvere to be vvished that occasion had serued him to haue vsed more leysure and thereby to haue deliuered to vs a larger discourse of the same Histories for as he himselfe confesseth hee had not paste tenne vveekes space to gather his mater a very shorte time doubtlesse for suche a peece of vvorke But hovve breefe so euer I founde him at the persuasion of Maister VVoulfe vpon the hauing of that copie I resolued to make shift to frame a speciall Historie of Irelande in like maner as I had done of other Regions follovvyng Campions order and setting dovvne his ovvne vvordes excepte in places vvhere I had mater to enlarge that out of other Authours vvhich he had vvritten in briefe and this I haue thought good to signifie the rather for that I esteeme it good dealing in no vvise to defraude him of his due deserued prayse But novv after I had continued the Historie and enlarged it out of Giraldus Cambrensis Flatsbury Henry of Marleburgh and other till the yeare 1509 in vvhich that famous Prince Henry the .viij. began his reigne some of those that vvere to bestovv the charges of the Impression procured a learned Gentleman Maister Richard Stanyhurst to continue it from thence forvvarde as he savv occasion being furnished vvith mater to enlarge the vvorke vvhereof for those later times I founde my selfe vtterly voyde more than that vvhiche Campion had deliuered VVhat I haue done herein your Honours discretion shall easily coÌ„ceyue For the imperfection sith it is the first that hath bene set forth in Printe I craue most humbly pardon of your good Lordshippe beseeching you rather to respect my good vvill than the perfectnesse of the vvorke vvhiche the vvantes considered for the orderly furnishyng thereof is not to be looked for in the skilfull muche lesse in me the meanest of all and least able to performe it Hauing presented the right Honorable the Erle of Leycester vvith the Historie of Scotlande to vvhome as I haue hearde Campion made Dedication of his booke I coulde not remember me to vvhome I might more conueniently offer this my trauell in this Historie of Ireland than to your Lordship being hir Maiesties Lieutenant in that Realme And therfore in most humble vvise I exhibite the booke to your Honour beseeching the same to beare vvith my bolde attempt therein and to receyue it in good parte from him that vvished to haue more amplie satisfied your good Lordshippes expectation if abilitie might haue ansvvered good vvill Thus I beseech the Lorde to guyde your harte in his holy vvayes and to furnish you vvith politike prudence and skilfull knovvledge to gouerne in your estate and
was theyr purpose The bloodie souldiers letting fall theyr weapons in sted of executing the pretenced murder fell to reuerence him and at length departed from him as freendes For line all desease of bishops Three yeares he sate in the primacie rather to discontinue the horrible corruption before vsed than with intent to settle himselfe there After he hadde remoued the abuse he procured Orlasius to succeede him in the Archbishops sea and he returned to his former sea of Downe to the which as then was annexed the Bishopryke of Coner but Malachias vnderstanding that in tymes past they were .vj. seuerall seas he deuided them againe ordeined an other to the Bishoprike of Coner desirous rather to lessen his cure than to enlarge the frutes by taking more charge vpon hym Malachias being demaunded of his brethren the Monkes of Benchar where and when hee would wish to die and to be buried if it lay in his choyce he answered If in Ireland beside the bodie of S. Patrik if beyond the seas at Clareuale where S. Bernarde was then resiant and in the feast of all soules He purposed within few dayes to sue to Pope Eugenius for increase of the nuÌ„ber of Metropolitans whiche request was shortly after accomplished And in this voyage which he thus made hee stayed at Clareuale and shore diners tymes openly foreshewed that the yere of his departure foorth of this world was come and accordingly when he had taken leaue of Sainte Bernarde and the brethren hee wente downe from his chamber to the churche and there bidde communicate Whiche doone hee returned to his lodgyng and there on All Soule daye in the yere of his age .54 he gaue vp the ghost so myldlye and quietlye that it seemed rather a sleepe than a death Malchus Malchus thoughe borne in Irelande yet he spente the moste parte of his tyme in the monasterie of Wrnchester in Englande and from the 〈◊〉 was taken admitted bishop of Lismore Saint Bernard remembreth of him by occasion he cured a lunatike childe in confirming or else as they termed it in bishopping him This miracle seene and confessed by many hundredes of people was blowen through the world The same tyme happened discord betwixt the king of Mounster and his brother Discorde betvvixt the king of Mounster and his brother and as the matter was handled the king was ouermatched and fled into England wher he visited Malchus in his Abbey and would by no meanes departe from hym but remayne there vnder his rule and gouernmente so long as it pleased God to denie hym quiet returne into his countrey hee contented himselfe with a poore celle vsed dayly to bathe himselfe in colde water to assuage the wanton motions of his fleshe and for his dyet receyued none other delicates than breade water and salte daye and nyghte sobbing and bewayling with greate remorse of conscience his former mysdemeaned lyfe At length the other Kings and people of Irelande beganne to repine at the vsurper set vpon him with open warre vanquished him in a pight fielde and called home the rightefull Prince his brother agayne to resume his kingdome who with many ernest perswasions of Malchus and Malachias coulde vneth bee broughte to forsake that trade of lyfe and companye the whyche he had wyth suche delectation enured him selfe vnto Thus farre of the Irishe Sainctes Of the whyche as some of them are to bee esteemed right vertuous and godlye menne so other of them are to bee suspected as persons rather holye by the superstitious opinion of the people than endued with any suche knowledge of true godlynesse and syncere Relygion as are woorthye to be Registred in the number of those that of right ought to passe for sayntes Foxe Bale as by certayne late writers may appeare But this we leaue to the iudgemente of the aduised Reader for that in suche matters wee mynde not to preiudice any mans opinion but onely wishe the Reader to take heed howe he giueth credite to that whych oftentymes is found written by Authoures touching feigned miracles and other vayne superstitious dealings wherethorough many zelous persons haue often bene deceyued Nowe therefore to leaue Sayntes and returne to other masters touchyng the Irishe historie In the yeare .586 586. The Norvvegians skoure the seas and inuade the yles of Orkney the Norwegians had got dominion ouer the Ilandes in the north Weast Ocean called the Iles of Orkeney and skoured the Seas that none other nation â—…urste vnnethe appeare in sight for dread of them A people giuen greately to seeke the Conquestes of other Realmes as they that coulde not fayle to fynde more warme and fruitefull places for to inhabite than theyr owne These fellowes chaunced to light into Irelande by this meanes They inuade Irelande Caraticus king of Brytaine ranne into suche hatred of his people that they raysed warres agaynst him The Saxons that possessed now sixe seuerall kingdomes in the I le of Brytayne reioysed not a little at this ciuill discorde betwixt the Brytayne king and his subiects wherevpon meaning to make a full conquest of the Brytaines and vtterly to expulse them forth of the whole I le assembled their powers ioyned to the same GurmuÌ„dus Gurmundus an Archpyrate of the nation of Norway a notable rouer of the Norwegians who hauing at all tymes a Nauie in a readinesse and men to furnishe it holpe the Saxons to chase the Brytaynes into the Marches of Wales For from thence being retyred into the Mountaynes and Wooddes they coulde not dryue them This Gurmound as some thinke buylded at the same tyme the towne of Gurmondchester and after beeing assysted by the Saxons hee made a voyage into Irelande where hee spedde not greatly to his desire and therefore the Irishe account not this for any of theyr conquests as some of their antiquaries infourmed oure Authour Champion Gurmounde therefore fynding but sorie successe buylt a fewe sleight Castelles and Fortes in the frontiers and so lefte the lande and sayled from thence into Fraunce where at length hee was slaine Our Chronicles in deede name him King of Irelande Turgesius but the Irishe affyrme that before Turgesius there was none of the Easterne people that obteyned dominion in theyr Countrey Geraldus Caâ—…is to make the matter whole a Gods name thinketh Turgesius to haue conquered the lande as Lieutenaunt or Deputie vnder Gurmundus But thys being graunted there ryseth a more manifest contradiction than the former Laogerius 430 for hee hymselfe numbreth betwixte Laogirius King of Irelande that lyued in the yeare .430 and Edlumding whom Turgesius vanquished xxxiij Monarkes whose raignes comprehended foure hundred yeares so that Turgesius lyued in the yeare after the incarnation .830 Then it is too playne that hee coulde not haue any doyngs wyth Gurmundus who ioyned with the Saxons agaynst Careticus The doubt resolued in the yeare .586 This knotte saith our Authour might be vntwyned with more facilitie thus Gurmundus
these woordes My Lorde your house giueth the Marmoset whose propertie is to eate his owne tayle The propertie of the Marmoset Meanyng thereby as the Lorde Thomas supposed that Kildare did vse to pill and poll hys friendes tenants and reteyners These wordes were no sooner spoken than the Lorde Thomas strikyng the ball to Alen agayne answered as one that was somewhat slipper tongued in this wise You say truth sir in deede I heard some say that the Marmoset eateth his owne tayle But although you haue bene fedde by your tayle yet I woulde aduise you to beware that your tayle eate not you Shortly after this quippyng gamegall the Lord Iustice and the Counsaile road to Drogheda where hauyng for the space of three or foure daies soiourned it happened that the Coūsaylours awayted in the Counsayle Chamber the gouernour his commyng vntill it was hard vpon the stroke of .xij. The Archbishop of Dublyn rawly digestyng the Vice deputie his long absence sayde My Lordes is it not a pretie matter that all wee shall stay thus long for a boy As he vttered these speeches the Lorde Iustice vnluckily was commyng vp the Stayres and at hys entrie taking the wordes hoate from the Bishop his mouth and iterating them very coldly hee sayde The Archbishop his taūt My Lordes I am heartily sory that you stayed thus long for a boy Whereat the Prelate was appalled to see how vnhappily he was galde with his owne caltrop These and the like cuttyng speeches enkindled suche coales in both theyr stomackes as the flame coulde not any longer be smouldered but at one clift or other must haue fumed The enimies conspire the ouerthrow of the Giraldines The enimies therefore hauing well nighe knedded the dough that should haue beene baked for the Giraldines bane deuised that secrete rumors should sprinckle to and fro that the Earle of Kildare his execution was intended in Englande and that vpon his death the Lorde Thomas and all his bloud should haue bene apprehended in Irelande The occasion of Thomas Fitz Giralde his rebellion As this false muttering flewe abrode it was holpen forwarde by Thomas Cannon and other of Skeffington hys seruauntes who sticked not to write to certayne of theyr friends as it were very secrete letters howe that the Earle of Kyldare theyr mayster hys secrete enimie so they tooke hym bycause hee gotte the gouernment ouer hys heade was already cut shorter as his issue presently shoulde bee and nowe they trusted to see theyr mayster in hys gouernment after whiche they sore longed as for a preferment that woulde in shorte space aduauntage them Suche a letter came to the handes of a simple Priest no perfect Englishman who for haste hurled it among other Papers in the Chimneys ende of hys Chamber meaning to peruse it better at more leysure The same very night a Gentleman retayning to the Lord Thomas the lord Iustice or Vicedeputie as is before specified tooke vp his lodgyng with the Priest and raught in the morning when he rose for some Paper to drawe on his strayte stockings and as the Diuell would he hit vpon the letter bare it away in the heele of his stocke no earthly thyng misdeeming At night againe he founde the Paper vnfretted and musing thereof he beganne to poare on the writing which notified the Earle his death and the apprehension of the Lorde Thomas To horse goeth he in all hast Iames Delahide brought the letter to Iames Delahide who was a principall counsaylour to the Lorde Thomas in all his doings Delahide hauing scantly ouerread the letter making more hast than good speede posted to the Lorde Thomas imparted him that letter and withall putting fire to flaxe before hee diued to the bottome of this treacherie hee was contented to swim on the skum and froth thereof as well by foothing vp the tenour of the letter as by inciting the Lorde Thomas to open rebellion cloaking the odious name of treason with the zealous reuengement of his fathers wrongfull execution and with the warie defence of his owne person The Lorde Thomas being youthfull rash and headlong and assuryng himselfe that the knot of all the force of Ireland was twisted vnder his gyrdle was by Delahide his Counsaile so farre caryed as he was resolued to cast all on sixe and seuen Wherefore hauing confedered with Oneale Oconor and other Irish Potentates he road on Saint Barnabies day accompanied with seuenscore horsemē in their shirtes of Maile through the Citie of Dublin to the Dam his gate crost ouer the water to Saint Marie Abbey where the Counsayle accordyng to appoyntment awayted his comming not being priuie to his intent onely Croommer the Lord Chauncellour excepted who was secretly aduertised of his reuolt and therefore was very well prouided for him as hereafter shall be declared This Croommer was a graue Prelate Croomer L. Chancellor and a learned well spoken milde of nature nothing wedded to factions yet a well willer of the Giraldines as those by whose meanes he was aduaunced to that dignitie When the Lord Thomas was set in counsaile his horsemen and seruants rusht in to the counsaile Chamber armed and weaponed turning their secrete conference to an open parlet The Counsaile hereof amazed and silence with securitie commaunded the Lorde Thomas in this wise spake Howsoeuer iniuriously wee be handled and forced to defend our selues in armes Thomas Fitz Girald his rebellious Oration whē neither our seruice nor our good meaning towardes our prince his Crowne auayleth yet say not hereafter but in this open hostilitie which here we professe and proclayme we haue shewed our selues no villaynes nor churles but warriours and Gentlemen This sworde of estate is yours and not mine I receyued it with an othe and haue vsed it to your benefite I should desteyne mine honour if I turned the same to your annoyance Nowe haue I neede of mine owne sword which I dare trust As for the common sword it flattereth me with a painted scabberde but hath in deed a pestilent edge already bathed in the Giraldines bloud now is newly whetted in hope of a further destruction Therefore saue your selues from vs as from open enimies I am none of Henrie his Deputie I am his fo I haue more mind to conquer than to gouerne to meete him in the field than to serue him in office If al the hearts of England and Ireland that haue cause thereto would ioine in this quarell as I hope they wil then should he soone aby as I trust he shal for his crueltie and tyranny for which the age to come may lawfully score him vp among the auncient Tyrants of most abhominable and hatefull memorie Hauing added to this shamefull Oration many other slaunderous foule tearmes which for diuerse respects I spare to pen he would haue surrendered the sword to the Lord Chancellor who as I sayd before being armed for the Lord Thomas his cōming and also being loath that his slacknesse should seeme disloyall
fire and specially in the citie of London where vpon the .vij. day of Iuly a sodain flame began which burnt y e church of S. Paule Simon Dun. with a great part of the Citie downe to the very ground After that king William had taken the othe of obedience of all his Lordes Ran. Higd. Sim. Dun. Edgar Etheling who was reconciled vnto his fauour as you haue heard obteyning licence of him to bee out of the realme for a certaine season sayled into Puglia with two hundred souldiers but of his acts there and returne againe into Englande I finde small rehersall and therfore I passe ouer to speake any more of him An. reg 21. con◅ecting any stile to king William who hauing now brought the Englishmē so lowe and bare that little more was to be got out of their hands went once againe ouer into Normandie with an huge Masse of money and there soone after chaunced to fall sicke so that he was constrayned to keepe his bed longer than hee had bene accustomed to do wherat Philip the French king in leas◅ing maner sayde howe king William his cousin did nowe lie in childbed alluding partly to his great fat belly VVil. Mal Mat. Par. bycause he was very corpulent and withall added Oh what a number of Candles must I prouide to offer vp at his going to Church certenly I thinke that .100000 will not suffice c. which talke so moued the king when it came to his care that hee made this answere well I trust when I shal be churched that our cousin shall bee at no suche cost VVil. Malm. Ran. Higd. but I will helpe to finde him a thousande Candelles my selfe and light them vp to some of their paynes if God doe graunt mee life and this promise hee bound with an othe which in deed he performed for in the Moneth of Iuly ensuing when their corne fruit and grapes were most florishing He inuadeth Fraunce and readie to come to proufe he entred France with a great army set on fire many of their Cities and townes in the westside of that Countrey lastly came to the citie of Maunt Gemeticensis The Citie of Maunt burnt by K. William Mat. VVest which he bunrt with the Church of our Ladie and therein an Ankresse enclosed in the wall thereof as an holy recluse for the force of the fire was suche as all wente to wrecke Howbeit in this heate king William tooke such a sicknesse which was not diminished by the fall of an horse as he rode to and fro Math. Paris bycause hee was not able to trauaile on foote aboute his Palace by reason of his disease that cost him hys life in the ende King William departed this life Simon Dun. Mat. VVest The .lix. of his age hath VVil. Mal. so that when he had ordeyned his last will and taken order for the stay of things after his decease hee departed this life on the .ix. day of September in the yeare after the byrth of our Sauiour .1087 and .lxxiiij. as Polidor saith of his age hauing gouerned Normandie aboute lj yeares and reigned ouer Englande .xx. yeares tenne monethes and .xxviij. dayes as all the writers doe report Not long before his death he released also out of prison his brother Odo the bishop of Bayeux He set all prisoners at libertie sayth VVil. Malm. Marchar Earle of Northumberland and Wilnotus the sonne of king Harolde or as some say his brother Polidor Moreouer he repented him as some say when he lay on his death bed for his cruell dealing with the English men considering that by them he had atteyned to such honour and dignitie as to weare the crowne and scepter of a kingdome but whether he did so or not or that some Monke deuised the excuse in fauor of the Prince Surely he was a famous knight and though his time was troublesome yet hee was right fortunate in all his attempts Againe if a man shall consider howe that in a straunge realme he coulde make suche a conquest and so perfitely and speedily establish the same to his heyres with newe lawes orders and constitutions whiche as appeare are moste like euer to endure he woulde thinke it a thing altogither voyde of credite Yet so it was and so honourable were his doings and notable in sight of the worlde here that those kings which haue succeeded sithence his death beginne their account at him as from one that had by his prudence renued the state of the realme and instituted an other forme of regiment in atchieuing whereof he did not so much pretende a rightfull chalenge by the graunt of his cosin king Edwarde the Confessor as by the law of armes and plaine conquest than the which as he supposed there coulde be no better tytle Herevpon also those that haue sithence succeeded him vse the same armes as peculiar to the crowne of Englande which he vsed in his time that is to witte He bare but two Lions or rather Leopards as some thinke three Lions passant golde in a fielde gewles as Polidor writeth the three floure Delices were since that time annexed thereto by Edward the third by reason of his clayme to the crowne of Fraunce whereof hereafter yee shall heare more Polidor There be also that write how the inconstancie of the English people by their oft rebellions occasioned the king to be so heauie Lorde and master vnto them Where he of his naturall disposition was rather gentle and curteous than sharpe and cruell diuerse mē might be perswaded so to thinke of him in deed if he had ceassed frō his rough gouerning yet in the ende but sithence he continued his rigor euen to his last days we may rather beleeue that although happily from his childhoode he shewed some tokens of clemencie bountie and liberalitie yet by following the warres and practising to raigne with sternenesse he became so invred therewith that those peaceable vertues were quite altered in him in maner clearly extinct in whose place cruel rigor auaritious couetousnesse and vnmercifull seueritie caught roote and were planted Yet is he renoumed to haue reteyned still a certaine stoutenesse of courage and skil in feates of warre which good happe euer followed Moreouer he was free from lecherous lustes and without suspition of bodily vices quicke and subtile of wit desirous of honor and coulde very well susteyne trauail watching colde and heate though he were tall of stature and very grosse of bodie In like maner toward the ende of his dayes he began to waxe verie deuout and somewhat to bend toward the aduauncing of the present estate of the church insomuch that he builded three Abbayes in seuerall places endowing them with fayre lands and large possessions as two in England one at the place where hee vanquished King Harolde fiue miles distant from Hastings which he named Battaile of the field there foughten the other at Celby in Yorkshire y e third
she with hir husbande king Stephen had lately founded Also through great and immoderate raine that fel in the Sommer the growing of corne was sore hindred and after followed a great death of people The battell of Monadmore This yeare was the Battaile of Monadmore fought in Ireland where the flower and chiefest personages of Moūster and Leynister were slain Moreouer one Iohn a Monke of Sagium was made the seconde Bishop of the I le of Manne Mat. Par. The second◅ and also the first Bishop◅ of Man The first Bishop that was there instituted hight Wimonde a Monke of Sauinie who for some maner of his importunate misdemeaner had hys eyes put out and was expulsed Iohn Papirio a Cardinall beeing sent from the Pope as Legate into Ireland Hen Marle ordeyned there foure Archebishoppes one at Dublyn an other at Ardmach the thirde at Casselles and the fourth at Connach The sea of Dublin he chaunged into an Archbishops sea The Bishop of Dublyn made Archbishop one Gregorie at that time sitting in the same to whome hee gaue the first and chiefe Pall and appoynted the Churche of the blessed Trinitie to be the Metropolitane Church As this Cardinal passed through England he receyued an othe of fidelitie vnto king Stephen Herevpon Duke Henry hauing atchieued his businesse on the further side the sea beganne to be kindled with a feruent desire once againe to attempt his fortune here in England for recouery of that kingdom and so with three thousand footmen Duke Henry ◅itz Empresse returneth into England and seuen score horsmen with al speed possible he transported ouer into England where hee landed about the .xij. day in Christmasse He was no sooner arriued Ger. Do. but that a greate number of such as tooke part with his mother came flocking in vnto him Wherevpon being now furnished with a great and puissaunt armie He besegeth the Castell of Malmsbury Mat. Paris Polidor hee marched forth vnto Malmesburie where in the Castell was a great garrison of souldiers placed by king Stephen Duke Henrie planted his siege aboute thys Castell the thirtenth day of Ianuarie and enforced himselfe to the vttermost of his power to winne it But King Stephen hearing of his enimyes arriuall with all hast possible gotte his armie on foote and comming sodainly towardes the place King Stephen constrayneth him to rayse his siege where his enimyes were hee caused Duke Henrie to rayse hys siege and following after offred him battaile But Duke Henrye knowing that hys enimyes were farre more in number than he was at that present and also conceyuing with himselfe that by prolonging time his owne power woulde encrease absteined from fighting kept him within the closure of his camp Thus haue some written VVil. Par. Other authors there be whiche write that Henrie kept himself in deed within his campe and refused to giue battaile but yet remoued not his siege till the king departed from thence after hee saw he could not haue his purpose and then did duke Henrie winne the Castell of Malmesburie or rather the Master tower or chiefe dungeon of that Castell For as Simon of Durham wryteth Si◅ D◅nel Ger. Do. he had wonne by assault the other partes and lymmes of the Castel before king Stephen came to remoue him This tower that thus helde out was in the keeping of one captaine Iordan who escaping forth came to the king enforming him in what state he had left his men within the tower wherevppon the King assembling all the puissaunce hee coulde make set forwarde and comming to Circiter lodged there one night and in the morning purposing to rayse the siege or to fight with hys enimyes if they woulde abide battaile marched forth towardes Malmesburie But vpon his approche to the Dukes campe the day following hys comming thyther there rose suche an hideous tempest of wynde and rayne beating full in the faces of King Stephens people that God seemed to fight for the Duke who for number of people was thought to weake to deale with the strong and puissaunt army of the king A sore storme but where the storme was on his backe King Stephens menne had it so extremelye in theyr faces that they were not able to holde their weapons in theyr handes so that hee perceyued hee myght not passe the Ryuer that ranne betwixt the armyes wherevppon constrayned in that sort through the violent rage of that colde and wette weather he returned to London full euill apayed in that hee coulde not satisfie hys purpose at that present The Tower that Duke Henrie had streightly besieged immediately herewith was to hym rendred and then making prouision for vitayles and other things The castell of Walingford to the reliefe of them that kepte the Castell of Walingforde hee hasted thither and fynding no resistaunce by the way easily accomplished his enterprise There were dyuerse Castels thereaboutes in the Countrey furnished with garnisōs of the kings soldiers but they kept themselues close durst not come abrode to stop his passage Shortly after he besieged the Castell of Cranemers The Castell of Cranemers and cast a trenche aboute it so as his people within the castell of Walingford might haue liberty to come forth at their pleasure but as for those within the castell of Cranemers they were so hardly holden in that there was no way for them to issue abrode The king aduertised hereof got all his puissance togither and came right terribly forward toward D. Henries camp But he shewing no token of feare caused forthwith the trenche wherewith hee had enclosed his campe to be cast downe leauing the siege came into the fields with his army put in order of battel meaning to trie the matter by bint of sworde although he had not the like number of mē to thē which the K. had in his army The kings army perceyuing the enimies so to come in the face of them was striken with a soden feare neuerthelesse he himselfe being of a good courage commaunded his people to march forward agaynst their aduersaries But herewith certaine noble men that loued not the aduancement of either part vnder a colour of good meaning sought to treat an agreement betwixt them so that an abstinence of war was graunted and by composition the Castell which the king had built the duke besieged was razed to the ground The K. the duke also came to an enteruiew cōmunication togither Mat. Par◅ Ger. Do. Eustace king Stephens son a riuer running betwixt them Whereas some write they fell to agreement K. Stephen vndertaking to raze the Castel of Cranemers himselfe and so laying armor aside for that time they departed asunder But Eustace king Stephens sonne was sore offended herewith and reprouing his father for concluding such an agreement in a great rage departed from the court taking his way toward Cambridgeshire whiche countrey he ment to ouerrunne he came to the Abbey of Burie
remayned vppon the sandes spoiling them fyrste of theyr tacle and other thyngs that would serue to vse they consumed with fire the Marriners escaping by flight Thus the Englishmenne hauyng dispatched thys businesse with good successe they set vppon those Shippes that lay in harbrough within the Hauen But heere was hard holde for a whyle bycause the narrownesse of the place woulde not gyue any great aduauntage to the greater number The English Captaynes glad of this victory gotten contrary to expectation fyrste gaue thankes to God for the same and then manning three C. of those FreÌ„ch Shippes which they had taken fraught with corne wine oyle fleshe and other vittayles and also with armour they sente them away into England and afterwards they set fire on the residue that lay on ground whyche were aboue an hundred bycause they were drawen vp so farre vpon the sandes that they coulde not easily get them out without their farther inconuenience There were yet remayning also diuers other of the Frenche Shippes besydes those whiche the Englishmen hadde sonke and taken whiche were drawen vp further into the land warde The Earle of Flaunders therefore and the English Captaynes iudged that it should much hinder the Frenche Kinges attemptes if they myghte winne those Shippes also with the Towne of Dam wherein the Kyng hadde layde vp a greate parte of hys prouision for the furniture of hys warres The Earle of Flaunders with the Earles of Bulleyne and Salisbury doubting to lose theyr Shippes and late gotten bootie sailed straite into one of the Iles of Selande called Walkeren then the Frenche Kyng constreyning them of Gaunt Bruges and Hipres to deliuer vnto him pledges caused the Towne of Damme and hys Shippes lying there in the Hauen to be brenned The French K. brenneth his Shippes doubting least they shuld come into y e hands of his enimies And this done hee returned into Fraunce leauing his sonne Lewis and the Erle of Saint Paule in garrison at Lisle and Doway and for great summes of money which by agreement he receiued of the Townes of Gaunt Bruges and Hipres he restored vnto them their pledges Thus hathe Meire and Mathew Paris differeth not muche from him touching the successe which chaunced to the Englishmenne by land Heere will I staye a while in the farther narration of this matter and touche by the way a thing that hapned to Kyng Iohn about thys present time An Hermite named Peter of Pontfret or Wakefield as some Writers haue See master Fox tome first page and .331 There was in this season an Hermite whose name was Peter dwelling about Yorke a man in great reputation with the common people bycause that eyther inspired with some spirite of prophecie as the people beleeued or else hauyng some notable skill in arte magike he was accustomed to tell what shoulde followe after And for so muche as oftentimes his sayings prooued true greate credite was giuen to him as to a very Prophet This Peter about the fyrste of Ianuary last past had tolde the King that at the feast of the Ascention it shoulde come to passe that he should bee cast out of hys Kingdome and whether to the intente that hys wordes shoulde be the better beleeued or whether hee hadde too muche trust of hys owne cunning hee offered hymselfe to suffer deathe for it if hys Prophecy prooued not true Heerevppon hee beeyng committed to prison within the Castell of Corf when the daye by him prefixed came without any other notable domage vnto Kyng Iohn The Heâ—… and his 〈◊〉 hanged hee was by the Kynges commaundemente drawen from the sayde Castell vnto the Towne of Warham and there hanged togither with hys sonne The people muche blamed Kyng Iohn for thys extreame dealing bycause that the Hermite was supposed to be a man of greate vertue and his sonne nothing gilty to the offence committed by hys father if any were againste the Kyng Moreouer some thought that he had muche wrong to dye bycause the matter fell out euen as hee hadde prophecyed for the daye before the Ascention daye Kyng Iohn hadde resigned the superioritie of hys Kyngdome as they tooke the matter vnto the Pope and had done to hym homage so that he was no absolute Kyng indeede as Authors affirme One cause and that not the least which moued King Iohn the sooner to agree with the Pope rose through the wordes of the sayde Hermite y t did put suche a feare of some greate mishappe in hys hart which should grow through the disloyaltie of his people that it made hym yeelde the sooner But to the matter agayne The Archbyshoppe and the other Byshoppes receyuing the Kynges letters with all speede made hast to come into Englande The Bishops 〈◊〉 returne and so arriuing at Douer the sixteenth daye of Iuly with other the banished menne they goe to Winchester where the Kyng yet remayned who hearing that the Byshoppes were come went foorthe to receyue them They came to Winchester â—…e twentith 〈◊〉 Iuly The King â—…neeleth to â—…e Archb. and at his fyrste meetyng with the Archbyshoppe of Caunterbury hee kneeled downe at hys feete and besoughte hym of forgiuenesse and that it woulde please hym and the other Byshoppes also to prouide for the reliefe of the miserable state of the Realme Heerewith the water shooting in dyuerse of theyr eyes on bothe sydes they enter into the Citie the people greatly reioycing to beholde the head of the common wealthe to agree at length with the members This was in the yeare after the birth of oure Sauioure .1213 Kyng Iohn required of the Archbyshoppe hauing as then the Popes power in his handes bycause hee was hys Legate to be assoyled The K. prayeth to be assoyled promising vppon hys solemne reâ—…led oâ—… that hee woulde afore all thyngs defende the Churche and the order of Priesthoode from receyuing any wrongs Also that hee woulde restore the olde lawes made by the aunciente Kings of Englande and namely those of Saint Edward which were almost extinguished and forgotten And suâ—… that hee woulde make recompence to all menne whome he had by any meanes indomaged This done he was assoyled by the Archbishop He is assoiled shortly after he sent his Orators to Rome to intreate with the Byshoppe to take away the interdiction of the land On the morrow after also the Kyng sente hys letters to all the Sherifes of the Counties within the Realme commaunding them to summon foure lawfull men of euery towne belonging to the demeane of the Crowne to make their appearance at Sainte Aldons A quest of inquirie vppon the fourth day of August that they and other might make inquisition of the losses whiche euery Byshoppe hadde susteyned what had bin taken from them and what ought to bee restored to them as due for the same The Archbyshoppe for that time takyng hys leaue of the Kyng went to Caunterbury where he restored the Monkes to theyr Abbey The Archb. taketh
Admirall of the Seas which thing brought to passe be would deliuer the English Nauie into the hands of the sayde King Philippe Herevpon was he set at libertie and ouer hee commeth into Englande And for as muche as he was knowne to bee a manne of syngular and approoued valyauncye King Edwarde receyued hym verye courteously who remembring hys promysed practise to the Frenche King fell in hande by procuring friendes to bee made Admirall of the Seas But King Edwarde as God woulde haue it denied that sute The French king sendeth forth a fleet against englaÌ„d Abingdon The French king in the meane time hauing prepared his nauie coteining three hundred saile what with the Gasleys and other Ships for hee had got diuerse doth fro Merselles Genoa sent the same forth to the seas that vpon such occasion the king of Englande might also sende forth his Fleete But the Frenche name comming neare to the coast of Englande and lying at Ancre certaine dayes looking for sir Thomas Turberuile when hee came not at the day prefixed the Captaynes of the Frenche fleete appoynted one of theyr Vesselles to approche neare to the shore and to sette a lande certaine persons that knewe the Countrey to vnderstande and learne the cause of suche stay They beeing taken of the Englishe men and examined coulde make no direct answere in theyr owne excuse and so were put to death Abingdon Some write that they sent fiue Galleys towards the shore to suruey the coast of the which Galleys one of them aduauncing forth afore hir fellowes arriued at Hide neare to Rumney hauen where the English men espying hir to draw the French men a lande feigned to flie backe into the Countrey but returning sodainly vppon the enimies French men slaine A Gally burnt they slue the whole number of them being about two hundred and fifty persons They set fire on the Galley also and burned hir The Admirall of the French fleete kindled in anger herewith sayled streight vnto Douer and there landing with his people Douer robbed by the French robbed the towne and Priorie The townesmen being striken with feare of the sodaine landing of their enimies fled into the Countrey and raysed people on 〈◊〉 side the which being assembled togither in 〈◊〉 numbers towards euening came to Douer 〈◊〉 inuading such French meÌ„ as were strayed abroâ—â— to seeke prayes slue theÌ„ downe in suâ—… 〈◊〉 places The French Admiral which had bene 〈◊〉 at the day in pâ—…ring the towne The 〈…〉 hearing the noyse of those Frenchmen that came running towardes the sea side streight ways getteth him to his shipâ—… with such pillage as he could take with him The other French men whiche were gâ—…e abrode into the Countrey to fetche prayes and coulde the come to theyr shippes in tyme were statue euery mothers sonne Some of them hid themselues in the corne fieldes and were after slaine of the Country people Frenchâ—… 〈…〉 Douer There was little lesse than .viij. hundred of them thus slaine by one meane and other at that time There were not manye of the men of Douer slain for they escaped by â—…ight at the first entrie made by the Frenchmen But of women and children there dyed a great number for the enimyes spared none There was also an olde Monke slaine named Thomas a man of suche vertue as the opinion went 〈◊〉 after his deceasse many myracles through 〈◊〉 were shewed Sir Thomas Turberuile being troubled in his minde that he could not bring his trayterous purpose to passe beganne to assay another way which was to procure Iohn Ballioll King of Scotlande to ioyne in league with the Frenche K. but ere any of his practises coulde be brought aboute his treason was reuealed Sir 〈…〉 and he coâ—…st thereof was put to execution Nic. Triuet Nich. Tri. saith y t he had promised the French king to cause Wales to reuolt froÌ„ K. Edwarde and that by procurement of the Prouost of Paris he consented to worke such treason And as some write Caxton hee did not onely homage vnto the FreÌ„ch K. but also left two of his sonnes in pledge for assurance to worke that which he had promised His secretarie that wrote the letters vnto the French K. coÌ„teining his imagined treasons Abingâ—… with other aduertisements touching king Edwardes purposes fearing least the matter by some other meanes might come to light as well to his destruction as his maisters for concealing it disclosed the whole to the king He hauing knowledge that he was bewrayed by his seruant fled out of the Court but such diligence was vsed in the pursute of him that he was taken within two dayes after and brought backe agayne to London where he was conuicted of the treason so by â—…yâ—… imagined and therfore finally put to death This yeare the Cleargie gaue to the king the tenth part of their goodes the Citizens a sixt part and the commons a twelfth part or rather â—…s Euersden hath the Burgesses of good towâ—…s gaue the seueÌ„th and the commons abrode the .xj. peny â—…e death of â—…ble men The same yeare died Gilbert de Clary Earle of Gloucester which left issue behinde him be got of his wife the Countesse Ioan the kings daughter beside three daughters one yong sonne named also Gylbert to succeede him as his he yâ—…e The Countesse his wife after hir husbandes decease maried a knight of meanâ—… estate borne in the Byshoprike of Dâ—…resme 〈◊〉 Raule â—…uthermer â—…dded the â—…tesse of â—…ucester named Sir Raâ—…e Monthermer that that 〈…〉 Earle â—…ee fyrst husbande in hys lyfe tyme. The king at the first tooke displeasure herewith but at length thorow the high valiantie of the knight diuerse tymes shewed and apparantly approued the matter was so well taken that he was entituled Erle of Glocester and aduanced to great honor 〈…〉 Iohn Romain Archbishop of Yorke also this yeare died after whom one Henry de Newinarke dâ—…aue of the Colledge there succeded Moreouer the same yeare William de Valence Earle of Pembroke departed this life and lyeth buryed at Westmynster and then Aimer his sonne succeeded him â—…e king of 〈◊〉 concluâ—… a league â—…h the FreÌ„ch 〈…〉 Iohn king of Scotlande â—…anceth his sonne Edwarde Ballioll with the daughter of Charles on Valâ—…ys brother to the French king and conchideth with the sayde Frenche king a league against the king of England Nothing moued the Scottishe king so much hereto as the affection which he bare towards his natiue Countrey for he was a French man borne lord of Harecourt in Normandie which sâ—…gnorie was after made an Earledome by Philip du Valoys King of Fraunce â—…at VVest The Scottishmen had chosen .xij. Peeres that is to say foure Bishops foure Earles and foure Barons by whose aduise and counsayle the King shoulde gouerne the Realme by whom he was induced also to consent vnto such accorde wyth the French men contrarie to his promised fayth giuen to king
was found giltie of treason There were dyuers in trouble about the same matter for the Erle vpon his open confession before sundrie lordes of the realme declared that not only by coÌ„maundement from the Pope but also by the setting on of dyuers nobles of this land whom he named he was persuaded to endeuor himself by all ways and meanes possible how to deliuer his brother king Edward the seconde out of prison and to restore him to the Crowne whome one Thomas Dunhed Tho. Duâ—… a Fryer a Frier of the order of Preachers in London assigned for certain to be aliue hauing as he himself â—…id called vp a spirite to vnderstande the truthe therof and so what by counsell of the sayd Frier and of three other Friers of the same order Tho. VVâ—… he hadde purposed to woorke some meane howe to delyuer hym and to restore hym agayne to the kingdome Among the letters that were found about him disclosing a greate part of his practise some there were whiche he had written and directed vnto his brother the sayd king Edwarde as by some writers it shoulde appeare His death in deede was the lesse lamented bycause of the presumptuous gouernement of hys seruantes and retinue Naughtye seruantes bryng â—…he maister into â—…noâ—…r whiche he kept about him for that they riding abrode woulde take vp thinges at their pleasure not paying nor agreeyng with the partie to whome suche things belonged The yong Queene Philippe was brought to bedde at Woodstocke the .xv. The blacke â—…ince borne day of Iune of hir firste sonne the whyche at the Fourstone was named Edwarde and in processe of tyme came to greate proofe of famous chieualrye as in this booke shall more playnely appeare He was commonly named when hee came to rype yeares Prynce Edwarde and also surnamed the blacke Prince The sixteenth day of Iuly chaunced a great Eclipse of the Sunne Croxden An Eclipse and for the space of two Moneths before and three monethes after there fell exceding greate rayne so that thorough the greate intemperancie of wether corne could not rypen by reason whereof in many places they beganne not haruest tyll Michaelmasse A late haruest and in some place they inned not their wheate tyll Alhallonfyde nor their pease tyl S. Andrews tyde On Christmasse euen aboute the breake of dy a meruaylous sore and terrible wynd came A mightye vvinde foorthe of the weste whyche ouerthrewe houses and buyldings ouertourned trees by the rootes and did muche hurte in diuers places This yeare shortely after Easter the Kyng wyth the Bishoppe of Winchester and the lord Willyam Montacute hauing not paste fifteene horses in their company passed the sea apparelled in 〈…〉 to marchantes he lefte his brother the Earle of Cornewall his deputie and gardian of the realme till his retourne Moreouer he caused it to bee proclaymed in London that he went ouer on pilgrimage and for 〈◊〉 other purpose He retourned before the 〈◊〉 ende of Aprill and then was there holden a Tourney at Dertforf The Queene with many Ladies beeing presente at the same fell besyde a stage but yet as good happe would they had no hurte by that fall to the reioycing of many that saw them in suche danger yet so luckily to escape without harme Also in a Parliament holden at Notingham aboute Saincte Lukes tyde Syr Roger Mortymer the Earle of Marche was apprehended the seuententh daye of October within the Castell of Notyngham where the Kyng with the two Queenes his mother and his wife and diuers other were as then lodged and thoughe the keyes of the Castell were dayly and nightly in the custodie of the sayd Earle of March and that his power was suche as it was doubted howe he myght be arrested Additions to Triuet for he hadde as some writers affirme at that presente in retinue nyne score knights besyde Esquires Gentlemen and yeomen yet at lengthe by the kings healpe the Lorde William Montacute the Lorde Humfreye de Bohun and his brother sir William the Lorde Raufe Stafforde the Lorde Robert Vfforde the Lorde William Clinton the Lorde Iohn Neuill of Hornbie and diuers other whiche had accused the sayd Earle of March for the murder of Kyng Edwarde the seconde founde meanes by intelligence had with sir William de Elande Counestable of the Castell of Notingham to take the sayd Earle of March wyth his sonne the Lorde Roger or Geffreye Mortimer and sir Simon Bereforde with other Sir Hugh Trumpington or Turrington as some Copies haue that was one of his chiefest frendes with certayne other were slayn as they were aboute to resist agaynst the Lorde Montacute and his companie in taking of the sayd erle The maner of his taking I passe ouer bicause of the diuersitie in report thereof by sundry writers From Notingham he was sent vp to London with his sonne the Lorde Roger or Geffrey de Mortimer sir Symon Bereforde and the other prysoners where they were committed to prison in the Tower Shortly after was a parliameÌ„t called at Westminster chiefly as was thought for reformation of things disordered through the misgouernance of the Earle of Marche But who soeuer was glad or sory for the trouble of the sayd Earle surely the Queene mother tooke it moste heauyly aboue all other as she that loued him more as the fame wente than stoode well with hir honour For as some write Mâ—… Fâ—… she was founde to be with chylde by him They kepte as it were house togither for the Earle to haue hys prouision the better Cheape layde hys penye with hirs so that hir takers serued him as well as they did hir bothe of victualles and cariages But nowe in this Parliamente holden at Westminster hee was attainted of highe treason expressed in fiue articles as in effecte followeth The Earle of Marâ—… aâ—…yned First he was charged that he hadde procured Edwarde of Carneruan the kings father to bee murthered in most haynous and tyrannous maner within the castel of Berkley Secondly that the Scottes at Stanhope Parke throughe his meanes escaped Thirdy that he receiued at the hands of the lord Iames Douglas at that time generall of the Scottes great summes of money to execute that treason and further to conclude the peace vppon suche dishonorable couenantes as was accorded with the Scottes at the parliament of Northampton Fourthely that hee had gotte into his handes a greate parte of the Kyngs treasure and wasted it Fyfthly that hee hadde impropried vnto hym dyuers wardes that belonged vnto the Kyng and had bin more priuie wyth Queene Isabell the Kynges mother than stood eyther with Gods law or the kynges pleasure Syr Symon Bereford executed Syr Symon de Bereford knyghte that had bene one of the kings Iustices was drawne also and hanged at London vpon S. Lucies day In this parliament holden at Westminster the Kyng tooke into his hande by aâ—…uâ—…ce of the estates there assembled all the possessions lands and reuenues that belonged
going to the prince embraced him in his armes kissed him saying faire s◅e God send you good perseuerance in this your prosperous beginning you haue nobly acquit your selfe you are wel worthie to haue the gouern◅e of a realme cōmitted to your hands for your valiant doings The prince inclined himselfe to the earth in honouring his father as hee best coulde This done they thanked God togither with their souldiers for their good aduenture for so the king commaunded and willed no man to make anye boast of his owne power but to ascribe all the prayse to almightie God for such a noble victorie On the Sunday in the morning there was suche a myst that a man could not see an Acre bredth before him Then by the kings commaundement there departed from the host fiue hundred Speares and two thousand archers to trie if they might heare of any French men gathered togither in any place neare vnto them The same morning there were departed out of Abuile and S. Requier in Ponthieu the cōmons of Roan and Beauvais with other that knewe nothing of the discomfiture the day before These met with the English men supposing they hadde bin Frenchmen being fiercely assayled of them after sore fight and great slaughter the Frenchmen were discomfited and fled of whō were slain in the hedges and bushes mo than .vij. M. men Frenchmen slaine the day after the battaile The Archbishop of Roan and the Graund Prior of Fraunce ignorant also of the discomfiture the day before and supposing as they were enfourmed the French shoulde not haue foughten till that Sunday were likewise encountred as they came thitherwarde by the English men with whom they fought a sore battaile for they were a great number but yet at length they were not able to susteine the puissant force of the English men and so the most part of them were slain The Archbishop of Rouē and the Lorde grand Prior of France slain with the sayd Archbishop and grand Prior and few there were that escaped That Sunday morning the Englishe men mette with diuerse French men that hadde lofte theyr way on the Saterday and wyste not where the King nor theyr Captaynes were become They were all slaine in manner so many as the Englishe menne coulde meete with insomuch that of the Commons and footemen of the Cities and good townes of Fraunce as was thought there were slaine this Sunday foure tymes as many as were slaine the Saterday in the great battaile When those Englishmen that were sent abrode thus to view the Countrey were returned againe and signified to the king what they had seene and done and how there was no more apparance of the enimies the K. sent to search what the number was of them that were slaine and vpon the view taken it was reported vnto him that there were found dead .xj. princes foure score baronets .xij. C. knights and mo than .xxx. M. other of the meaner sort Thus was the whole puissance of France vāquished and that chiefly by force of such as were of no reputation amongst them that is to say the English archers by whose sharp and violent shot the victorie was atchieued to the great cōfusion of the French nation Of such price were the English bowes in that season that nothing was able to withstand them whereas now our archers couet not to draw long and strong bowes but rather to shoote compasse which are not meete for the warres nor greatly to be feared though they come into the field The K. of Englād with his army kept stil his field vntill Mōday in the morning and then dislodged came before Mōturel by the sea and his Marshals ran toward Hedyn The next day they road toward Bolongne and at Wysam the king and the prince encāped and taried a whole day to refresh their people on the Wednesday being the .30 day of August Calice besieged he came before the strong towne of Calice there planted his siege and erected bastides betwene the town the riuer caused carpēters to make houses lodgings of great timber which were couered w t reed broom so many in such order y t it semed a new town in it was a market place apointed of purpose in the which the Market was dayly kept of vittayle and all other necessarie things euery Tuesday and Saterday so that a man myght haue bought what he woulde of things brought thither out of Englande and Flaunders But nowe forsomuch as we haue spoken of this iorney and inuasion made by king Edward into Fraunce in this .xix. yeare of his raigne accordingly as wee haue gathered out of Froissart and diuerse other authours I haue thought good to make the reader partaker of the contentes of a letter written by a Chapleyn of the sayd King and attendaunt about him in the same iourney conteyning the successe of his proceedings after his departure from Poissie which letter is inserted with others in the historie of Robert de Auesburie and Englished by maister Fox as followeth A Letter of VV. Northbourgh the kings Confessor describing the kings voiage in France SAlutations premised Actes and Monuments Pag. 482. We giue you to vnderstande that our soueraigne Lorde the King came to the towne of Poissie the day before the Assumption of our Ladie where was a certaine bridge ouer the water of Saine broken downe by the enimie but the king taryed there so long tyll that the bridge was made againe And whiles the bridge was in reparing there came a greate number of men at armes and other souldiers w◅ armed to hinder the same But the Erle of Northampton issued oute agaynst them and fiue of them more than a thousande the rest fled away thankes bee to God And at another time oure men passed the water although with muche trauaile and slut a greate number of the common souldiers of Fraunce about the Citie of Paris and countrey adioyning being part of the French kings armie and throughly well appoynted so that oure people haue now made other good bridges vpon our enimies God be thanked withoute any losse and damage to vs. And on the morrow after the Assumption of our Ladie the king passed the water of Sayne and marched toward Poissie which is a towne of great defence and strongly walled and a maruellous strong Castell within the same whiche our enimies kept And when our vauntgard was passed the towne our reregarde gaue an assault therevnto and toke the same where were slaine more than three hundred men at armes of our enimies part And the next day following the Earle of Suffolke and sir Hugh Spencer marched forth vpon the commons of the Countrey assembled and well armed and in fine discomfited them and slue of them more than two hundred and tooke three score Gentlemen prisoners besyde others After this the king of England marched towarde Pountife vpon Bartholmew day and came to the water of Some where the Frenche king
seruaunts and rested not till he came to his owne Castell where he dwelled being .xxx. mile distant from the place of the battaile There was taken also beside him Hec. Boetius Southwell Fabian Froissart the Erles of Fife Sutherlande Wighton and Menteth the Lorde William Dowglas the Lord Vescie the Archb. of S. Andrewes and another Bishop wyth Sir Thomelyn Fowkes and diuerse other men of name There were slaine of one and other to the number of .xv. M. This battaile was fought beside the citie of Durham Neuils crosse at a place called Neuils crosse vpon a Saterday next after the feast of S. Michaell See in Scotlād Pag. 350. 351 in the yeare of our Lorde .1346 He that will see more of this battaile may finde the same also set forth in the Scottishe hystorie as theyr writers haue written thereof And forsomuch as by the circumstances of their writings it shoulde seeme they kept the remembraunce of the same battaile perfitely registred wee haue in this place onely shewed what other wryters haue recorded of that matter and left that which the Scottishe Chronicles write to be seene in the life of king Dauid without much abridging thereof Hec. Boetius Counttreys of Scotland subdued by the Englishmen Froissart The English men after this victorie thus obteyned tooke the Castels of Roxburgh and Hermitage and also without any resistance subdued the Countreys of Annandale Galloway Mers Tiuidale and Ethrike Forest extending theyr marches forth at y e time vnto Cokburnes Peth and Sowtray hedge and after vnto Trarlinlips and crosse Cane The Queene of England being certainly enformed that the king of Scottes was taken and that Iohn Copland had conueyed him out of the field no man vnderstood to what place she incōtinently wrote to him Iohn Copland refuseth to deliuer the king of Scottes commaunding him forthwith to bring his prisoner king Dauid vnto hir presence but Iohn Copland wrote to hir againe for a determinate answere that he would not deliuer his prisoner the sayde king Dauid vnto any person liuing man or woman except onely to the king of England his soueraigne Lord maister Herevpon the Queene wrote letters to the king signifying to him both of the happie victorie chanced to his people against the Scots also of the demeanor of Iohn Coplande in deteyning the Scottish king King Edwarde immediatly by letters commaunded Iohn Coplande to repaire vnto him where hee laye at siege before Calais which with all conuenient speede he did and there so excused himselfe of that which the Queene had found hirselfe grieued with him for deteyning the king of Scots from hir that the king did not ◅ly pardon him but also gaue to him .v. C. Iohn C◅ rea◅ pounds sterling of yearely rent to him and to his hey◅ for euer in reward of his good seruice and valiant prowes and made him Esquier for his bodie cōmanding him yet vpō his returne into England to deliuer king Dauid vnto the Queene whiche he did and so excused himselfe also vnto hir that she was therwith satisfied and content The Queene then after she had taken order for the safe keping of the king of Scots and good gouernment of the realme toke the sea and sayled ouer to the K. hir husband stil lying before Calais Whilest Calais was thus besieged by the king of Englande the Flemings which had lately before besieged Betwine Iames M◅ The Fle◅ had raysed from thence about the same time that the battaile was fought at Cressy nowe assemble togither againe and doing what domage they mighte agaynste the Frenche men on the borders they lay siege vnto the towne of Ayre Moreouer Froissart they wrought so for the king of England earnestly requiring their friendship in that behalfe that their soueraigne Lorde Lewes 1347 An. reg ◅ Earle of Flaunders being as then about fiftene yeares of age fianced the Ladie Isabel daughter to the king of England The Earle of Fla◅ders ◅strayned to promise ◅riage to the king of Englāds d◅g◅ more by cōstraint in deed of his subiects than for any good wil he bare to the king of England for he would often say that he would neuer mary hir whose father had slain his but there was no remedie for the Flemings kept him in maner as a prisoner till he graunted to folow their aduice But the same weeke that the mariage was appoynted to bee solemnized the Earle as he was abrode in hawking at the Hearon stale away and fled into France not staying to ride his horse vpon the spurres till he came into Arthois and so dishonourably disappoynted both the king of England and his owne naturall subiects the Flemings to their high displeasure There were taken beside the Lorde Charles de Bloys naming himselfe Duke of Brytayne diuerse other Lordes and men of name as Monsieur Guy de la Vaal sonne and heyre to the Lorde la Vaal which dyed in the battayle the Lord of Rocheford the Lorde de Beaumanour the Lord of Loyack with other Lordes knights and Esquiers in great numbers There were slaine the sayde Lorde de la Vaall the Vicounte of Rohan the Lorde of Chasteau Brian the Lorde de Mailestr◅ite the Lorde de Quintin the Lord de Rouge the Lord of Dereuall and his sonne Sir Raufe de Montfort and many other worthie men of armes Knightes and Esquiers to the number betwixt sixe and seuen hundred as by a letter wrytten by the sayde sir Thomas Dagworth and regystred in the Hystorie of Robert de Auesburie it doeth appeare In this meane while King Philip hauing daylye worde howe the power of his enimie king Edwarde dyd encrease by ayde of the Easterlings and other nations Fabian whiche were to him allyed and that his menne within Calais were brought to such an extreame poynt that wythout speedie reskue they coulde not long keepe the Towne but muste of force render it ouer into the handes of hys sayde enimye to the great preiudice of all the Realme of Fraunce Thē French king assembleth an army Froissart after greate deliberation taken vpon this so weightie a matter hee commaunded euerie man to meete hym in theyr best array for the warre at the feast of Pentecost in the Citie of Amiens or in those marches At the day and place thus appoynted there came to him Odes Duke of Burgoigne and the Duke of Normandie eldest sonne to the King the Duke of Orleaunce his yongest sonne the Duke of Burbon the Earle of Fois the Lorde Lois de Sauoy the Lorde Iohn of Heynault the Erle of Arminacke the Earle of Forrest and the Erle Valentinois with many other These noble men being thus assembled they tooke counsayle which way they myght passe to gyue battayle to the Englishe menne It was thought the best way had beene through Flaunders but the Flemings in fauour of the king of Englande denyed The Fleming a besiege Ayre not onely to open theyr passages to the
esteemed not only in the Vniuersities of Italy Germany and Fraunce but also heere in our Vniuersities of England To conclude such was the fame of this Doctor Burley that when the Lady Phillip daughter to the Earle of Heynault shuld come ouer into England to be married to Kyng Edwarde this Doctor Burley was reteyned by hir and appoynted to bee hir Almoigner and so continued in great estimation in so muche that after Edward Prince of Wales eldest sonne to King Edwarde commonlye called the blacke Prince was borne and able to learne his booke the said Doctor Burley amongst other was cōmaunded to bee one of his instructors by reason whereof Sir Simon Burley of whome I haue made some mention heeretofore in this Kynges life and more intende to speake as occasion serueth in the nexte King being sonne to Sir Iohn Burley neare kinsman to the saide Doctor Burley was admitted among other yong Gentlemenne to bee Scholefellowe with the sayde Prince by occasion whereof he grew into suche credite and fauoure with the sayde Prince that afterwardes when his sonne Richard of Burdeaux that succeeded Kyng Edwarde his father was borne the saide Prince for speciall trust and confidence whiche hee hadde in the saide Sir Simon Burley committed the gouernaunce and education of hys sonne the saide Richarde vnto him whereby hee was euer after highly in fauoure wyth the sayde Rycharde and no lesse aduaunced by hym when afterwardes he came to enioye the crowne of this realme But nowe to other learned menne of that age Iohn Barwycke a Frier Minor and reader to his fellowes of that order in Oxforde William Notingham Roger Glacton borne in Huntingtonshire an Augustine Frier Iohn P◅lesteede borne in Suffolke a Carmelite F◅er in Ipswiche or Gippeswiche as they write it Walter Kingham a Frier also of the order of those Dominikes whyche they called pied Friers Roger of Chester a Monke of that Citie and an Historiographer Thomas de Hales a Frier Minor Roberte Eliphat a grey Frier Geffrey Grandfield an Augustine or blacke Frier Hugh Wirley a Carmelite Frier of Norwiche William Eyncourt a blacke Frier of Boston Hugh Ditton borne in Cambridge shire a Frier Preacher Adam Carthusianus a Doctor of Diuinitie Iohn Luttrell an excellente Philosopher and well seene in the mathematicalles Walter Cotton Thomas Ech◅ston both grey Friers Iohn Folsham a Carmelite Frier in Norwiche Benet of Northfolke William Southhampton so called of the Towne where hee was borne a blacke Frier Iohn Burgh a Monke wrote an historie and certayne homilies Adam Nidzarde a maister of arte Edmonde Albon Robert Counton a grey Frier William Liffye a Frier Minor Iohn Repyngale borne in Lincolneshire a Carmelite or a white Frier as they called them Christopher Mothusensis a blacke Frier Richarde Aungeruile borne in Suffolke that was Bishoppe of Duresme and Lord Chancellor of Englande Iohn Manduith Walter Hemyngforde a Chanon of Gisborne an Historiographer Iohn Olney borne in Gloucestershire in an Isle so called whereof hee tooke hys surname a Chartreux Monke Thomas Staueshawe a Frier Minor in Bristowe Roberte of Leycester taking that surname of the Towne where hee was borne a Franciscans or grey Frier Iohn of Northhampton borne in that Towne and a Carmelite Frier an excellente Mathemeticien Roberte Worsop borne in Yorkeshire and a blacke Frier in Tickill William Brun◅de a blacke Frier Richarde Chichester a Monke of Westminster wrote an excellente Chronicle beginning the same at the commyng in of the Serons about the yeare of oure Lorde .449 and continued it till the yeare .1348 Richarde Rolle alias Hampole an excellente Diuine wrote many treatises Iohn Guent a Welchman a Franciscane Frier and prouinciall of the order Rodulph Radiptorius a Frier Minor Robert Holcoth a blacke Frier borne in Northampton excellently learned and wrote manye workes both of Diuinitie and other argumēts William Miluerley a Logician or rather a Sophist Iohn Teukesburie Thomas Bradwardin borne in Hartfield a Towne within the diocesse of Chichester Archbishoppe of Canterbury succeeding Iohn Offord hee wrote againste the Pelagians Richard Wetherset William Breton a gray Frier a Welchman borne as Bale supposeth Iohn of Saint Faith borne in Northfolke a Carmelite Frier of Brumham Iohn Goodwicke borne also in Northfolke an Augustine Frier of Linne William Rothwer a blacke Frier Geffrey Waterton a Monke of Bury Richard Fitz Raufe whome some take to be an Irishman but a Student in Oxford and Scholer to Iohn Baconthorp profited highly and wrote many treatises hee was first Archdeacon of Lichfield and after Chancellor of the Vniuersitie of Oxford and at length Archb. of Ardmachan in Ireland Richard Kilington a Doctor of Diuinitie William Grisant a notable phisition surnamed of the countrey where he was borne Anglicus he led the later end of his life at Marseilles in Prouance and had a sonne that was Abbot of the regular Chanons in that Citie who at lēgth was aduanced to gouerne the sea of Rome named Vrban the fifth Pope Vrban ◅he ◅th Iohn Paschall borne in Suffolke a Carmelite Frier in Gippeswich and by K. Edwarde the third preferred to be Bishop of Landaph Adam Woodham a Frier Minor Simon Henton a blacke Frier William de Pagula of Iohn Wicliff ye haue heard before Geffrey Hardeby a blacke Frier of Leicester William Binham Roger Counwey a Welchman borne in Counwey a grey Frier Richard Billingham William Doroch a Lawyer Iohn Killingworth an excellent Philosopher Astronomer and Phisition William of Couentrie a Frier Carmelite professed and borne in the same Citie Ranulf Higeden a Monke of Chester and borne in those parties an historiographer Iohn Eastwood alias Aschenton an excellent philosopher Thomas Ratclife borne in Leycester and an Augustine Frier in Leicester towne Bartholmew Elanuille discended of noble parētage as of the lignage of those Glanuilles that were sometimes Earles of Suffolke as Bale hathe Roberte Computista a Monke of Bury Iohn Wilton a Monke of Westminster Simon Wichingham a Frier Carmelite of Norwich Iohn Deir a Northren man borne a notable diuine Simon Islep founder of Canterbury Colledge in Oxford wrote diuers treatises he was Archb. of Caunterbury as before ye haue heard George Chadley Iohn of Tinnemouth Vicar of that Towne in the Bishopricke of Durham Peter Babion Walter Wiborne or Wimborne Nicholas de Linne borne in y e towne of that name in Northfolke a Carmelite frier by professiō but as excellēt an Astronomer as was in those days Iohn Ridington borne in Lincolneshire a Frier Minor in Stafford Adam a Monke of the Cisteaux order Roger Wihelpedale a Mathematicien Simon de Feuersham person of Birton in Kent Mathew Westmonasteriēsis who wrote the Booke called Flores Hostorearum Iohn Elin a Carmelite borne in Northfolke liued in these days but departed this life in K Rich. the seedes dais Tho. de Sturey an Augustine Frier Sertorius Gualensis a Welchman borne Simon de Tunsteed a grey frier borne in Northfolke prouinciall of the grey friers in England Thomas Stubbes borne in Yorkshire a black Frier
The â—…ie setteth fâ—… and is beaâ—… backe by â—…pest meaning to haue intercepted the Spanish fleetâ—… that was gone to Sluse in Flaunders but thorough rage of tempest and contrary windes they were driuen home although twice they attempted their fortune But sir Hugh Caluceley depâ—…tie of Calice slept not his businesse doing still what displeasures he could to the Frenchmenne Shortly after Christmas Explâ—… done by Sir Hugh Caâ—…uerley he spoyled y e towne of Estaples the same daye the faire was kepte there to the which a great number of Mecchâ—…s of Bulleigne were come to make their markâ—… but the sellers had quicke vtterance for that that might easily be carried away the Englishmenne layde hands on and caused the owners to reâ—…e the residue with great summes of money which they vndertooke to pay or else sir Hugh threatned to haue brent all that was left togither with the houses Ye haue hearde how at the first the Duke of Lancaster was one of the chiefe about the yong King in gouernement of his person and Realm who prudently considering that sith there must needes be an alteration in the state and doubting least if any thing chaunced otherwise than well The Duke of Lancaster miâ—…taking the â—…ders of the 〈◊〉 getteth himself home to the Castell of Kelingworth the fault and blame might bee chiefly imputed to hym and thankes howsoeuer things wente he looked for none he gaue therefore the slip obteyning licence of the Kyng to departe and so gote hym home vnto his Castell of Kelingworth permitting other to haue the whole sway for before his departure from the Courte there were with his consent ordeyned such as should be attending on the Kings person and haue the rule and ordering of matters perteyning to the state as William Courtney then Bishop of London though shortly after remoued to the Archbyshoppes Sea of Caunterbury Edmond Mortimer Earle of Marche and diuers other of whome the people had conceiued a good opinion but yet bycause the Byshoppe of Salisbury and the Lorde Laâ—…ner were admitted amongst the residue the comâ—…s murmured greatly agaynst them The Earle of Northumberland resigned hys office of Lorde Marshall in whose place succeeded Sir Iohn Arundell brother to the Earle of Arundell The Duke of Lancaster although retired froÌ„ the Court yet desirous to haue the money in his handes that was graunted the last Parliamente at length obteyned it vpon promise to defend the Realme from inuasion of all enimies for one yeares space hee therefore prouided a greate naâ—… to goe to the Sea hyring nine Shippes of Bayone to assist his enterprise herein the whych in making sayle hitherwardes encountred with the Spanish fleete and tooke fourteene vessels laden with wines and other merchandise but in the meane time one Mercer a ScottishmaÌ„ with certayne saile of Scottes Frenchmen and Spaniardes came to Scarburgh and there tooke certayne Shippes and led them away to the Sea as it were in reuenge of his fathers emprisonment â—…ed Iohn Mercer who before beeyng caâ—… by certayne Shippes of the Northparts and deliuered to the Earle of Northumberland was committed to prison within the Castell of Scaâ—…brough Thus were the Englishmen occupyed in thys firste yeare of Kyng Richarde with troubles of warre and not onely against the Frenchmenne but also againste the Scottes for euen in the beginning of the same yeare the Scottes brente Rockesbourgh Rockesburgh brent by the Scottes in reuenge whereof the newe Earle of Northumberlande entred Scotlande with tenne thousande men and fore spoyled the landes of the Earle of Marche for the space of three dayes togither bycause the sayde Earle of Marche was the chiefe author of the brenning of Rockesburgh and so for that time the Englishmen were well reuenged of those enimies But at an other time when the Northren men woulde needes make a roade into Scotlande entring by the West bordures they were encountred by the Scottes and putte to flight so that many of theÌ„ being slayne the Scottes tooke the more courage to inuade the bordures till at length Edmonde Mortimer Earle of Marche came at the daye of truce and tooke an abstinence of warre betwixte both nations for the time though the same continued not long Andue after Midsomer An. reg â—â— The Duke of Lancaâ—… 〈…〉 the Duke of 〈◊〉 â—…er with a strong power tooke the Sea and â—…ding in Britaine besieged the Towne of 〈◊〉 Malâ—… de Liste a fortresse of greate 〈◊〉 There weÌ„t ouer with him y e Erles of Buckingham Warwike Stafforde and dyueâ—…s 〈◊〉 the Englishe nobilitie the whiche made â—…pproches and fiercely assayles the Towne 〈…〉 was so valiantly defended that in the ende the Duke with his army raysed from theâ—… and returned without atchieuing his purpose About the same time there was a notable and haynous murther committed within Sâ—…e Peters Churche at Westminster by decâ—… of variance betweene the Lorde Laâ—… and Sir Raufe Ferrers on the one partie Hall and â—…keâ—…ley hâ—…e Câ—…on and two Esquiers the one called Roberte Hall and the other Iohn Shakell on the other partie aboute a prisoner whiche was taken at the bastell of Nazers in Spayne called the Erle of Deane who as some write Polidore was taken by one sir Fâ—…e de Hall at the sayde battell and bycause hee remayned in his handes at the deathe of the sayde Sir Franke hee bequeathed him vnto his sonne the sayde Roberte Hall Esquier But as othir write the sayde Earle was taken by the sayde Roberte Hall hymselfe Tho. VVâ—… and Iohn Shakell ioyntly and iudged to bee theyr lawfull prisoner by the sentence of the Prince of Wales and Sir Iohn Shandos that was master to the said Esquiers wherevpon afterwards the said Earle obteyned so muche fauour that by leauing hys sonne and heire in guage for his raunsome he returned into Spayne to prouide for money to discharge it but he was so slow in that matter after he was at libertie that he departed this lift before he made anye paymente and so his lands fell to his sonne that remayned in guage for the money with the two Esquiers wherevpon happened afterwardes that the Duke of Lancaster desirous to haue the yong Earle in his hands in hope through hys meanes the better to accomplishe his enterprice whiche hee meant to take in hande agaynste the kyng of Cast ille for the right of that Kingdome procured hys nephew Kyng Richard to require the sayde Earle of Deane at the hands of the sayd Esquiers but they refused to deliuer him keeping their prisoner foorthe of the way so that none wist where hee was become the Esquiers therefore were committed to the Tower out of the whiche they escaped vnto Westminster and there registred themselues for sanctuarie men The Duke of Lancaster was heerewith sore offended and their enimies the sayde Lorde Latimer and Sir Raufe Ferrers tooke counsell togither with Sir Allene Boxhull and others howe they myghte bee reuenged of thys despite This sir Alane Boxhull was
againe assuring hym that his intente and purpose was to haue the Churche in as good state or better than hee founde it The Archebyshoppe herewith turning to the Knightes and burgesses of the Parliamente sayde vnto them you and suche other as you bee haue gyuen counsayle vnto the Kyng and his predecessors to confiscate and take into theyr handes the goodes and possessions of the celles whyche the Frenchemenne and Normans possessed heere in Englande and affirmed that by the same hee and they shoulde heape vp greate riches nad indeede those goodes and possessions as is to be prooued were worth many thousandes of golde and yet it is most true that the King at thys day is not halfe one marke of siluer the richer thereby for you haue begged and gotten them out of hys handes and haue appropriated the same vnto your selues so that we may coniecture very wel that your request to haue our temporalties not to aduaunce the K◅s profit but to satisfie youre owne greedy couetousnesse for vndoubtedly if the King as God forbid hee shoulde did accomplish your wicked purposes and minds he should not be one farthing the richer the yere next after and truely sooner will I suffer this head of mine to bee cutte off from my shoulders than that the Church should lose the least right that apperteyned to it The Knightes sayd little but yet they proceeded in their sute to haue their purpose forward whiche the Archbyshop perceyuing as an other Argus hauing his eye on ech side to marke what was done laboured so to disappoynt theyr doyngs that hee wanne the fauor of certayne of the temporall Lordes to assist him who constantly auouched by theyr consentes that the Church shoulde neuer bee spoyled of the temporalties and heerein they acquitte the Archbyshoppe and Prelates one pleasure for an other whiche they hadde done for them before when the commons in this Parliamente required that all suche landes and reuenewes as sometyme belonged to the Crowne and hadde beene giuen away eyther by the Kyng or by his predecessors King Edward and King Richard should be agayne restored to the Kyngs vse vnto whiche request the Archbyshoppe and other the Prelates woulde in no wise consente thus by the stoute diligence of the Archbyshoppe Arundell that petition of the commons touching the Spirituall temporalties came to none effecte Two fifteenes graunted Two fifteenes were graunte by the commons with condition that the same shoulde bee payde vnto the hands of the Lorde Furniuall who should see that money employde for maintenaunce of the Kings warres Moreouer at the importunate sute of y e commons Letters patentes reuoked the letters pattents that had bin made to diuers persons of Annuities to them granted by King Edward and King Richard were called in and made voyde not withoute some note of dishonor to the King A tenth and a halfe graunted by the clergie The Cleargie graunted to the King a tenth and a halfe notwithstandyng that the halfe of one tenth lately graunted was yet behinde and appoynted to bee payde vppon Saint Martins day now next comming Ouerflowings of the sea Aboute this season greate losse happened in Kente by breaking in of warres that ouerflowed the Sea bankes as well in the Archbyshop of Caunterburies groundes as other mennes whereby much Cattell was drowned Neyther did Englande alone bewayle hir losses by suche breaking in of the Sea but also Zelande Flanders and Hollande tasted of the like domage William Wickham Byshoppe of Winchester beeyng a man of great age The death of Williā Wickham deceassed thys yeare leauing behind him a perpetuall memorie of hys name for the notable monumentes whiche he erected in building two Colledges one at Winchester for Grammarians and the other at Oxforde called the newe Colledge purchasing landes and reuenewes for the mayntenāce of Studentes there to the great commoditie of the common wealthe for from thence as out of a good nurcerie haue come foorthe dyuers men in all ages excellently learned in all sciences And heere I haue not thought it impertinent to speake somewhat of hys worthy prelate cōsidering that by him so greate a benefyte hathe returned to the common wealthe according to suche notes as I haue seene collected by y e painefull traueller in searche of antiquities Iohn Lelande who sayth that as some haue supposed the sayde Wickham otherwise called Perot was base sonne to one Perot the Towne Clearke of Wickham in Hampshire of whyche place he tooke his surname an that one master Wodall a Gentleman dwelling in the sayde Towne brought hym vppe at Schoole where hee learned his Grammer and to write very fayre in so much that the Connestable of Winchester Castell a greate ruler in those dayes in Hampshire gote hym of maister Wodall and reteyned hym to be his Secretarie with whome hee continued till Kyng Edwarde the thyrde comming to Winchester conceyued some good lyking of the yong man and tooke hym to his seruice and withall vnderstanding that hee was minded to bee a Churchman he first made him person and Deane of Sainte Martins in London then Archdeacon of Buckingham but for so muche as his seruice was right acceptable to the Kyng as hee that with greate dexteritie coulde handle suche affayres of the state or other matters of charge as were committed to hys handes the Kyng still kepte hym aboute hys person as one of hys chiefe Chapleynes of housholde and employed hym in sundrye offices as occasions serued and first he made hym surueyor of hys workes and buyldings namelye at Windesor in repayring of that Castell and also at Quinbourrough where by y e kings appoyntmente a strong fortresse was reysed for defence of the Realme of that side After this hee was aduanced to the keeping of the priuie seale He was also a one time tresourer of England is Leylande gathereth made ouerseer of the wardes and forrestes also treasorer of the Kings reuenewes in Fraunce and at length was made Byshoppe of Winchester The blacke Prince yet dyd not greatly fauoure him wherevppon Wickham procured to keepe him occupied in warres beyonde the seas But at length Iohn duke of Lancaster and Alice Perers king Edwards concubine conceiuing some great displeasure against him found mean to procure the king to banish him the realme and then hee remayned in Normandie and Picardie for the space of .vij. yeares or thereabout and might not bee restored so long as king Edward liued But after his deceasse aboute the seconde yeare of king Richarde the secondes raigne hee was restored home and purchased a generall pardon for all matters past that might be furmised agaynst him or layde to his charge And afterwardes hee hate himselfe so vprightly in that daungerous tyme when suche mislyking and priuie enuie raigned betwixt the king and his Nobles that both partes seemed to like of him insomuch that when the king made him Lorde Chauncelor there was not any that greatly repined therat and verily in that the king made
was no more weary of harnesse than of a lyght cloake Hunger and thirste were not to him noysome He was neuer afearde of a wounde nor sorrowed for the pain He neyther tourned his nose from euill fauour nor from smoake or dull hee woulde not close his eyes No man coulde be founde more temperate in eatyng and drynkyng whose dyed was not to delicate but rather more meete for menne of warte than for dayntie and deâ—…e persons Euery honest person was permitted to come to him sitting at his meale and eyther secretely or openly to declare his mynde and intente Highe and weyghtie caused as well betwene men of wee other he wold gladly heâ—… and either determined them himself or coÌ„maâ—…d them to other to giue sentence â–ª he slept very little and that onely by reason of bodily labor and vnquietnesse of minde from the which no small noise coulde awake him in so muche that when his souldiors either song in the nightes or theyr mynstrels played that the campe sounded therwith he then slept most soundly his corage was inuincible and his heart so vnmutable that fear was banished from him If any alarum chaunced to be raised by his enimies he was first in armure and the first that was set forward In the time of warre he found meanes to get knowlege not only what his enimies didde but what they said and intended so that al things to him were knowne and of his deuices fewe persons before the thing was at the poynt to be done should be made priuie He had such knowledge in ordring and guiding an armie and such a gift to encourage his people that the FrenchmeÌ„ sayd he could not be vanquished in battayle He had such wit suche prudence and suche policie that he neuer enterprised anye thyng before he had fully debated it and foreseene all the mayne chaunces that mighte happen and when the ende was once concluded hee wyth all diligence and courage sette hys purpose forewarde What pollicie he hadde in fyndyng sodayne remedies for presente myschieues and what practise hee vsed in sauyng him selfe and his people in sodayne distresses excepte by hys actes they dyd playnely appeare I thinke it were a thyng almost incredible to be tolde Meruayle it is to heare howe he didde continually absteyne hymselfe from lasciuious lyuing and blynde auarice in suche estate of wealth richesse and prouoking youth yea in the tyme of losse he was no more sadde than in the time of victorie whiche constancie fewe menne can vse What shoulde I speak of his boimtyfulnesse and liberalitie No maÌ„ could be more free gentle and liberall in bestowyng rewardes to all persons according to their deserâ—…s saying that he neuer desyred money to kepe but to giue and spend What shuld I say he was the blasing comete and apparant lanterne in his days He was the myrroure of Christendome and the glorye of his countrey the floure of kings passed and the glasse of them that shoulde succeede No prince had lesse of his subiectes no kyng conquered more whose fame by hys deathe liuely florished as his acts in his life were seene and remembred The losse of such a prince ye may be sure was exceedingly lamented of his subiects blaming fortune whiche had taken away so precious a Iewell so noble ornament and sure defeÌ„ce for no doubt as much hope as was taken away from the englishmeÌ„ for the getting of Fraunce by his sodain deathe so much trust was encreassed in the stomackes of the Frenche nation to recouer their late losses Peter Basset esquier whiche at the time of his death was his chaÌ„berlain affirmeth that he died of a pleuresie though other writers alledge otherwise as the Scots whiche write that hee died of the disease of saint Fiacre which is a palsey and a crampe Enguerant saith that he died of saint Anthonies fier but bycause a pleuresie was so rare a sicknesse in that season and so strange a disease that the name was to the most parte of men vnknowen and phisitions were acquainted as little with any remedy for the same and therfore euery man iudged as he thought and named a sicknesse that bee knewe shooting not nere the prick nor vnderstandyng the nature of the disease This king reigned .ix. yeres .v. moneths and .xxiij. daies and liued not full .38 yeares He vvas of an indifferent stâ—…ture nâ—…er to high nâ—…â—…o lovv of bodye slender and leane but of a maruelouâ—…e strength as Titus â—…uins vvriteth He was of stature higher than the common sort of body leane well meÌ„bred strongly made of face beautiful somwhat long necked blacke heared stoute of stomacke eloquent of tong in martiall affaires a perfect maister of chiualry the very paragone His body was embalmed and closed in lead layd in a chariot royall richly apparelled with cloth of gold vpon his corps was laid a representation of his person adorned with robes diademe scepter ball lyke a king the whiche chariot .vi. horses drewe richly trapped with seuerall armes the first with the armes of saint George the second with the armes of Normandy the thirde with the armes of king Arthur the fourth with the armes of saint Edwarde the fifte with the armes of Fraunce and the sixte with the armes of Englande and FraÌ„ce On this chariot gaue attendaunce Iames king of Scots the principall mourner his vncle Thomas duke of Exceter Richarde earle of Warwicke the erle of Marche Edmund the earle of Stafforde HuÌ„frey the earle of Mortaigne Edmunde Beaufort the lord Fitz Hughe Henry the lorde HuÌ„gerford Walter sir Lewes Robsert L. Bourchier sir Iohn Cornwall lord Fanhope and the lord Crumwell were the other mourners The lord Louell the lord Audeley the lord Morley the lord Sowche bare the baner of saints 〈◊〉 the baron of Dudley barethe standerâ—… and the earle of Longuile bare the banâ—… The baâ—…mentes were borne onely by Captaines to the number of .xij. and rouÌ„d about the chariot roâ—…e v. C. meÌ„ of armes all in black armour and their horses barded blacke with the but ends of their speares vpwards The conduit of this dolorous funeralles was coÌ„mitted to sir William Phillip Threasourer of the kings houshold and to sir Wiliam Porter his chief caruer and other Beside this on euery side of the chariot wente iij. C. persons holding long torches and lords bearing baners baneroles and penons With this funerall pompe he was conueied froÌ„ Bais de VinceÌ„nes to Paris and so to Roan to Abuile to Calais to Douer and so through LondoÌ„ to Westminster where he was buried with suche solemne ceremonies suche mourning of lordes such prayer of priestes such lamenting of coÌ„mons as neuer was before those days sene in the Realme of England Shortly after this solempne buriall his sorowfull Queene returned into England and kepte hir estate with the king hir yong son Thus ended this puissaunte Prince hys moste noble and fortunate raigne whose life saith Hall althoughe cruell Atropos abbreuiated yet neyther fyre rust nor fretting
done they set fire in the castell and departed to Roan with their bootie and prisoners Thus maye ye see that in warre nothyng is certain and victorie is euer doubtfull whiche sometyme smyled on the Englishe parte and sometime on the Frenche side according to hir variable nature But nowe to speake somwhat of the doings in England in the meane tyme. Whylest the men of war were thus occupied in martiall feates and dayly â—…irmishes within the Realme of Fraunce ye shall vnderstande that after the Cardinall of Winchester and the Duke of Gloucester were to the outward apparaunce of the worlde reconciled eyther to other the Cardinall and the Archebyshop of Yorke ceassed not to do many things without the consent of the King or of the Duke A nevv breach â—…etvveene the Duke of Glouâ—…ster and the â—…ishoppe of â—…Vinchester being during the minoritie of the K. gouernour and protector of the Realme wherfore the sayde Duke lyke a true hearted Prince was nothyng pleased and therevppon in wrytyng declared to the Kyng wherein the Cardinall and the Archebyshoppe hadde offended both his Maiestie and the lawes of the realme This complaynt of the Duke of Gloucester was conteyned in foure and twentie articles as in the Chronicle of Maister Hall ye may reade at full the whyche for breefenesse I here omitte But the chefest point rested in that it was apparant howe the Cardinall hadde from tyme to tyme through the ambitious desyre to surmount all others in high degrees of honour and dignitie sought to eâ—…che himselfe to the great apparant hynderaunce of the king as in defraudyng hym not onely of his treasure but also in doing and practising thyngs greatly preiudiciall to his affaires in Fraunce and namely by settyng at libertie the Kyng of Scottes vpon so easy conditions as the Kynges Maiestie greately loste thereby When the Kyng hadde hearde the accusations thus layde by the Duke of Gloucester agaynste the Cardinall he commytted the examination thereof to his Counsell whereof the more parte were spirituall persons so that what for feare and what for fauoure the matter was winked at and nothyng sayde to it onely faire countenance was made to the Duke as though â—…o malice hadde beene conceyued agaynst hym but venym wyll breake out and inwarde grudge wyll soone appeare whiche was thys yeare to all men apparant for dyuâ—…rs secrete attemptes were aduaunced forwarde thys season agaynst thys noble man Humfrey Duke of Gloucester a farre off whiche in conclusyon came so neere that they bereâ—…te hym bothe of lyfe and lande as shall hereafter more playnly appeare For fyrst this yeare Dame Eleanore Cobham wyfe to the sayde Duke was accused of treason for that shee by sorcerie and enchauntement entended to destroy the kyng to the intent to aduaunce hir husbande to the Crowne Vppon thys shee was examined in Sayncte Stephens Chappell before the Byshop of Canterbury and there by examination conuicte and iudged to doe open penaunce in three open places wythin the Citie of London and after that adiudged to perpetual imprisonmeÌ„t in the ysle of Man vnder y e keping of sir Io. Stanley knight At the same season were arrested arrayned and adiudged gyltie as ayders to the Duchesse Thomas Southwell Prieste and Chanon of Saynte Stephens at Westminster Iohn Hun priest â—…s Iohn 〈◊〉 Roger Bolyngbrooke a cunning Necromancer as it was said and Margerie Iordayn surnamed the Witche of Eye The matter layde against them was for that they at the requeste of the sayde Duchesse had deuysed an Image of waxe representyng the Kyng whiche by their sorcerie by little and little consumed entendyng thereby in conclusion to waste and destroye the Kyngs persone Margerie Iordayne was brente in Smyshfielde and Roger Bolyngbrooke was drawne to Tyborne and hanged and quartered taking vpon his death that there was neuer any suche thing by them imagined Iohn Hun hadde his pardon and Southwell dyed in the Tower before execution The Duke of Gloucester bare all these thinges paciently and sayd little Edward son to the duke of Yorke was borne this yeare the .xxix. of Aprill at Roan King Edvvard the fourthe borne his father being the Kings lieutenant of Normandie 1442 The Counsell of Englande forgat not the late enterprise of the Frenche king An. reg 21. atchieued in the Duchie of Guyenne and therfore doubting some other the lyke attempte they sente thyther Syr Wyllyam Wooduile wyth eyght hundred menne to fortifye the frontiers and farther set foorth a proclamation that all men which wold transporte anye Corne Cheese or other victuall thyther shoulde pay no maner of custome or tallage whyche licence caused the Countrey of Aquitayne to bee well furnyshed of all thynges necessarye Aboute this season Iohn the valiaunt Lorde Talbot for his approued prowes and tried valiancie shewed in the Frenche warres Iohn Lorde Talbot creâ—… Earle of Shrevvebury was created Earle of Shrewesbury and with a companie of three thousande menne sente agayne into Normandie for the better defence of the same In this yeare dyed in Guyenne the Countesse of Comynges 1443 to whome the French king and also the Earle of Arminacke pretended to be heyre insomuche that the Earle entred into all the landes of the sayde Ladie and bycause hee knewe the Frenche Kyng woulde not take the matter well to haue a Roulande agaynste an Olyuer he sente solemne ambassadours to the king of Englande offeryng him his daughter in mariage wyth promyse to be bounde beside greate summes of money whyche hee woulde giue wyth hir to deliuer into the Kyng of Enlands handes all suche Castelles and Townes as he or his auncesters deteyned from him within any part of the Duchie of Acquitayne eyther by conquest of his progenitors or by gifte or deliuerie of any Frenche king and further to ayde the same Kyng wyth money for the recouerye of other Cityes wythin the same Duchye by the Frenche Kyng or by any other persone from hym vniustly kept and wrongfully withholden Thys offer seemed so profytable and also honorable to King Henry and to the realme that the Ambassadours were well hearde honourably receyued and wyth rewardes sente home into theyr countrey After whome were sente for the conclusion of the marriage into Guyenne sir Edwarde Hull sir Robert Ros and Iohn Graâ—…ton deane of S. Seuerines the whyche as all the Chronographers agree both concluded the marryage and by proxie affyed the yong Ladye The Frenche kyng not a little offended herewyth sent his eldest sonne Lewes the Dolphyn of Vyenne into Rouergue wyth a puissant armye whyche tooke the Earle and hys youngest sonne with both his daughters and by force obteyned the countreyes of Arminack Lovuergne Rouergue and Moulessonoys beside the cities Seuetac Cadeac and chased the bastarde of Arminack out of his countreyes and so by reason hereof the concluded mariage was deferred and that so long that it neuer tooke effect as hereafter it may appeare Thus whylest England was vnquieted and Fraunce by spoyle
some to Caen and other to other places as seemed to stand best with their safeties After thys victorye obteyned the Frenche Kyng assembled an army royal Caen besieged and yelded to the Frenche and coÌ„ming before Caen besieged it on all sides and after makyng hys approches fiercelye assaulted the walles but the Duke of Somerset and the other Capitaines within the Towne manfully withstoode their enemies shewyng both force and greate pollicye in defendyng and beatyng backe the assailants The Frenche Kyng perceyuing hee coulde not preuaile that way sent for all his greate ordinaunce to Paris whiche beeing brought he dayly shotte at the walles and did some hurte but to the Castell whych stoode on a rocke and in it a Dungeon vnable to be beaten downe hee didde no harme at all Though the duke of Somerset was the kings lieuetenaunt yet Syr Dauy Hall as captain of thys Towne for hys Mayster the Duke of Yorke owner therof tooke vpon hym the chiefe chardge Sir Roberte Veer was Captaine of the Castell and Sir Henry Radforde Captaine of the Dungeon Dayly the shotte was greate but more terrible than hurtfull sauing one daye a stone shot into the Towne fest betweene the Duchesse of Somerset and hir children whiche being amazed with this chaunce besought hir husband kneeling on hir knees to haue mercy and compassion of his smalle infantes and that they might bee deliuered oute of the Towne in safegarde The Duke more pityfull than hardy moued wyth the sorrowe of hys wife and loue of his children rendred the Towne agaynste the minde of Sir Dauy Hall whose counsell and faithefull diligence in acquyting himselfe to aunswere the truste committed to hym by hys Maister if other hadde followed the Frenche had sustayned more trauaile and losse ere they shoulde haue so easely atteined their purpose The conclusion of the surrender was that the Duke of Somersette and his might departe in safegarde with all their goodes and substaâ—…e sir Dauy Hall with diuers of his trusty frinds departed to Chierburghe and from thence sailed into Ireland to the duke of Yorke making relation to hym of all these dooings whyche thing kindled so great a rancour in the Dukes harte and stomacke that hee neuer lefte persecuting of the Duke of Somersette till hee had broughte hym to hys fatall ende and confusion After the obteyning of this strong towne of Caen the Earle of Cleremonte besieged the Citie of Lisieux whereof was Capitaine Mathewe Goughe wyth three hundred Englishe men who in the ende deliuered that towne vppon condition that he and his people might departe to Chierburghe Then was Falaise beesieged whereof were Capitaynes for the Erle of Shrewsbury that was the owner Andrew Trollop and Thomas Cotton esquiers which being in dyspaire of all succours agreed to deliuer it vpon twoo conditions The one was that the erle their Master whiche remayned in pledge for performaunce of certaine appointmentes concluded at the deliuerye of Roan as yee haue hearde shoulde be set at libertie The other that if they were not rescued within .xij. dais that then they theirs shoulde departe wyth armoure and all their goodes moueable whither it pleased them At the day appoynted the Towne was rendred and so likewise was the Towne of Damfront vppon the semblable agreement Nowe rested onely Englishe the Towne of Chierburghe wherof was captayne one Thomas Gonville whyche surely as long as victuall and munition serued defended the Town right manfully but when these twoo handes were consumed hee beeing destitute of all comforte and ayde vppon a reasonable composition yelded the Towne and went to Callais where the Duke of Somersette and many other Englishemen then soiorned Thus was Normandye loste clerely out of the Englishemennes hands 〈◊〉 Normandy 〈◊〉 after it had continued in their possession the space of .xxx. yeares by the conqueste of Henry the â—…e In the whiche Duchte were an hundred strong Townes and fortresses able to be kepte and holden beside them whiche were destroyed by the warres and in the same is one Archebishoppricke and sixe Bishopprickes Some saye that the Englishemenne were not of puissaunce eyther to manne the Townes as they shoulde haue bene or to inhabite the countrey whiche was the cause that they could not keepe it Other saye that the Duke of Somersette for his owne peculiar aduauntage kepte not halfe the number of souldiours whiche he was appoynted and allowed but put the wages in his purse but the chiefe and onely cause vndoubtedly was the deuision within the realm euery great man desiring rather to be reuenged on his foe at home than on the common enimie abroade as by that whiche followeth you may plainely perceiue An. reg 29. For whilest the Frenche made these conquests in the Duchie of Normandie three mischieuous Capitaynes sette the people of thys realme aswell those of the nobilitie as of the meaner sorte in ciuill warre and sedition for among the highe Princes and Peeres reigned inwarde grudge among the Clergie flattery and adulation and among the communaltye disdaine of lasciuious soueraigntie whyche the Queene wyth hir mynions and vnprofitable counsellors daily tooke and vsurped vpon them Wherefore they not minding to bee charged further than their backes were able to beare and herewyth perceiuing how throughe want of prouydent wisedome in the gouernoure all things went to wracke aswell within the realm as without beganne to make exclamation against the Duke of Suffolk The commons exclame against the duke of Suffolke affirming him to bee the onely cause of the deliuerie of Aniow and Maine the chief procurour of the Duke of Gloucesters death the very occasion of the losse of Normandy the swallower vp of the kyngs treasure the remoouer of good and vertuous counsellours from aboute the Prince and the aduauncers of vicious persons and of suche as by their dooings shewed themselues apparant aduersaries to the common wealthe The Quene doubting not only the dukes destruction but also hir owne confusion caused the Parliament beefore begon at the blacke Friers to be adiourned to Leicester The ParliameÌ„t adiourned from London to Leicester and from thence to VVestminster thynking there by force and rigor of lawe to suppresse and subdue all the malice and euill wil concesned againste the Duke and hir at whiche place fewe of the Nobilitie would appeare wherefore it was againe adiourned to Westminster where was a full apparaunce In the whiche session the commons of the nether house put vp to the kyng and the lords many articles of treason misprision and euill demeanor againste the Duke of Suffolke the effect whereof wyth hys aunsweres here ensueth as we finde the same recorded in the Chronicles of Maister Edwarde Hall 1 Fyrste they alledged that hee hadde traiterouslye excited prouoked Articles proponed by the Commons against the duke of Suffolke and counsayled Iohn Earle of Dunois bastarde of Orleans Bertram Lorde Presigny Willyam Cosinet ennemies to the King and friendes and Ambassadours to Charles calling himself French
all bloudie at the gate of the Clink which after was buried in the Churche adioyning Then were diuerse persons apprehended and indyted of treason whereof some were pardoned some executed Tho. Thorpe Thomas Thorpe seconde Baron of the Eschequer was committed to the Tower where he remayned long after for that he was knowne to be great friend to the house of Lancaster An. reg 39. During this trouble a Parliament was summoned to begin at Westminster in the month of October next following In the meane time the Duke of Yorke aduertised of all these things VVhethaÌ„sted The Duke of Yorke commeth forth of Ireland sayled from Dubline towardes Englande and landed at the redde banke neare to the Citie of Chester with no smal companie and from Chester by long iourneys hee came to the Ciâ—… of London which he entred the Fryday before the feast of S. Edward the Confessor VVhethaÌ„sted with a sword borne naked befor him with trumpets also sounding and accompanied with a great traine of men of armes and other of hys friends seruants At his coÌ„ming to Westm he entred the palace passing forth directly through the great hall stayed not till he came to the chamber wher the King and Lordes vsed to sit in the Parliament time A strange demeanor of the D. of Yorke coÌ„monly called the vpper house or chamber of the Peeres and being there entred stept vp vnto the throne royall theyr laying his hande vppon the cloth of estate seemed as if hee ment to take possession of that whiche was hys ryght for hee helde his hande so vpon that cloth a good pretie while and after withdrawing hys hande turned hys face towardes the people beholding theyr preassing togither and marking what countenance they made Whilest he thus stoode and behelde the people supposing they reioyced to see his presence the Archbishop of Canterburie Thomas Bourcher came vnto him and after due salutations asked him if he would come and see the King Wyth which demaunde he seeming to take disdaine answered briefely and in fewe wordes thus His bold speeâ—… I remember not that I know any within this realm but that it beseemeth him rather to come and see my person than I to goe and to see his The Archbishop hearing his answere went backe to the King and declared what answere he hadde receyued of the Dukes owne mouth After the Archbishop was departed to the king that lay in the Queenes lodging the Duke also departed and wente to the moste principall lodging that the king hadde within all his Palace breaking vp the lockes and doores and so lodged himselfe therein more lyke to a King than a Duke continuing in the same lodging for a time to the great indignation of many that could not in any wise lyke of such presumptuous attempts made by the sayde Duke to thrust himselfe in possession of the Crowne and to depose King Henrie who had raigned ouer them so long a time Maister Edwarde Hall in his Chronicle maketh mention of an Oration which the Duke of Yorke vttered sitting in the regall seate there in the Chamber of the Peeres eyther at this hys first comming in amongst them or else at some one tyme after the which we haue thought good also to set downe although Iohn Whethamsted the Abbot of Saint Albones who liued in those dayes and by all likelyhoode was there present at the Parliament maketh no further recytall of any wordes which the Duke shoulde vtter at that time in that his booke of Recordes where hee entreateth of this matter But for the Oration as maister Hall hath written thereof wee finde as followeth During the time sayth he of this Parliament the Duke of Yorke with a bolde countenance entred into the chamber of the Peeres and sat down in the throne roial vnder the cloth of estate which is the kings peculiar seate and in the presence of the nobilitie as well spirituall as temporall after a pause made he began to declare his title to the Crowne in this forme and order as ensueth MY singular good Lordes The Duke of Yorkes 〈◊〉 made to the Lords of the Parliament maruayle not that I approche vnto this throne for I sit here as in the place to mee by very iustice lawfully belonging and here I rest as to whoÌ„ this chaire of right apperteineth not as hee which requyreth of you fauour parcialitie or bearing but egal right friendlye indifferencie and true administration of Iustice For I beeing the partie grieued and complaynant cannot minister to my self the medicine that should helpe me as expert Leches and chirurgiaÌ„s may except you be to me both faithful ayders and also true Counsaylers Nor yet this noble Realme and our naturall Countrey shall neuer be vnbuâ—…led from hir dayly Feuer except I as the principall Phisition and you as the true and trustie Apothecharies consult togither in making of the potion and trie out the cleane and pine stuffe froÌ„ the corrupt and putrifyed drugges For vndoubtedly the root and bottom of this long festured canker is not yet extyrpate nor the feeble foundation of this fallible buylding is not yet espied which hath been and is the daylie destructioÌ„ of the nobilitie and the continual confusion of the poore comunaltie of this realme kingdome For all you know or should know that the high and mightie prince K. Richarde the seconde was the true vndoubted heire to the valiant conqueror renowmed prince K. Edward the third as son beire to the hardie knight couragious captaine Edward prince of Wales duke of Aquitaine and Cornwal eldest sonne to the said K. Edward the third which king was not onely in deed but also of all men reputed taken for the true and infallible heire to the wise and politique prince king Henrie the third as son heire to king Edwarde the seconde sonne and heire to king Edwarde the first the verie heyre and first begotten sonne of the sayd noble and vertuous prince king Henrie the thirde Whiche king Richarde of that name the second was lawfully and iustly possessed of the Crown and Diademe of this realme and region till Henrie of Darbie Duke of Lancaster and Hereforde sonne to Iohn of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster the fourth begotten sonne to the sayde king Edward the thirde yonger brother to my noble auncester Lionel duke of Clarence the third begotten sonne of the sayd king Edward by force and violence contrarie both to the dutie of his allegiance and also to his homage to him both done and sworne raysed warre and battayle at the castell of Flinte in Northwales agaynst the sayde king Richarde and him apprehended and imprisoned within the tower of London during whose life and captiuitie he wrongfully vsurped and intruded vpon the royall power and high estate of this realm and region taking vpon him the name stile and authoritie of king and gouernour of the same And not therewith satisfyed and contented coÌ„passed and
perceued his natural strength in such wise to decay that there was liste hope of recouerie in the cuÌ„ning of his phisitioÌ„s whiche hee perceyued only to prolong hys life forâ—… small time wherefore he began to make readye for his passage into an other world not forgetting as after shal appeare to exhorte the nobles of his realme aboue all thinges to an vnitie among themselues hauing as he tooke if made an attonement betwixte the parties that were knowen to be frant friends he coÌ„mended vnto their graue wisedoms the gouernmeÌ„t of his son the prince of his brother the Duke of Yorke during the time of their teÌ„der yeres And thus hauing set things in good stay as might be supposed hee shortely after departed this life at Westminster the .ix. of April in the yere .1483 After he had reigned .xxij. yeres one moneth viij dayes his body was with funerall pompe conueyed to Windsor there buried he left behinde him issue by the Quene his wife ij sons Edward and Richard with .v. daughters Elizabeth that was after Quene maried to Henry the .vij. Cicilie maried to the vicount Welles Briget a Nunne professed in Sion or Dertfort as sir Tho. More hath Anne maried to the L. Thomas Howarde after erle of Surrey and duke of Norffolke Katherin wedded to the L. WilliaÌ„ Courtney son to the earle of Deuonshire beside these he left behinde him likewise a base son named Arthur that was after vicouÌ„t Lisle for the description of his person quallities I will referre you to that whiche sir Tho. More hath written of him in that historie which he wrote and left vnfinished of his son Edward the fift of his brother king Richard the third which we shall god willing hereafter make you partaker of as wee finde the same recorded among his other workes word for word when firste we haue according to our begâ—… morâ—… rehearsed suche writers of our nation as â—…ed in his dayes As first Nicholas Hentâ—… borne an Suffolke a Carmelit Frier in Gippâ—…wich prâ—…uinciall of his order throughe Englande Henry Parker a carmelite Frier of Doucaster preached againste the pride of prelates and for suche doctrine as he set forthe was imprisoned wyth his fellowe Tho. Holden and a certaine blacke Frier also for the like cause Parker was forced to recant .iij. speciall articles as Balenoteth out of Lelande Iohn Harding an esquier borne in the Northe partes wrote a Chronicle in English verse among other speciall points therein touched he gathered all the submissions and homages had and made by the Scottishe kings euen from the dayes of King Athelstons Whereby it euidently may appeare howe the Scottishe Kingdome euen in maner from the firste establishing thereof here in Britaine hath bene apperteining vnto the kings of England and houlden of them as their chiefe and superior Lordes William Ive a doctor of Diuinitie and prehendarie of Sainct Poules in London Thomas Wilton a diuine and Deane of the sayde Churche of Poules in London Iulian Pemes a gentlewoman endued with excellent giftes bothe of body and minde wrote certaine treatises of hauking and hunting delighting greatly hirselfe in those exercises and pastimes she wrote also a booke of the lawe of armes and knowledge apperteyning to Harolds Iohn Stambery borne in the Weaste partes of this Realme a Carmelite Frier and confessor to King Henry the sixte hee was also Maister of Gaton Colledge and after was made Bishop of Bangor and remoued from thence to the See of Hereforde Iohn Slueley an Augustine Frier prouinciall of hys order Iohn Forteskew a Iudge and Chauncellor of England wrote diuers treatises concerning the lawe and pollitike gouernement Rochus a Charterhouse Monke borne in London of honeste parentes and studied in the Vniuersitie of Paris he wrote diuers epigrammes Iohn Phreas borne also in London was fellowe of Bailioll Colledge in Oxforde and after wente into Italy where hee hearde Guarinus that excellent Philosopher read in Ferrara he proued an excellent phisition and a skilfull lawier There was not in Italy whilest hee remained there that passed hym in eloquence and knowledge of bothe the tongues Greeke and Latin â–ª Walter Hunt a Carmelite Frier a greate deuine and for his excellency in lerning sent from the whole body of this realme vnto the generall counsell houlden firste at Ferrara and after at Florence by Pope Eugenius the .iiij. where he disputed among other wyth the Greekes in defence of the other and ceremonies of the latine Churche Thomas Wighenhall a Monke of the order called Premonstratensis in the Abbey of DeraÌ„ in Nortfolke Iohn Gunthorpe went into Italy where he hearde that eloquent learned man Guarinus read in Farrara After his commyng home into England he was Deane of Welles and keeper of the priuy seale Iohn Hamvoys an excellent Musicion and for hys notable cunnyng therein made doctor of Musicke WilliaÌ„ Caxton wrote a Chronicle called Fruâ—…â—…porum an appendix vnto Treuisa beside diuers other bookes translations Iohn Miâ—…ton a carmelite Frier of Bristow and prouintiall of his order through England Irelande and Scotland at lengthe bycause he defended such of his order as preached against endowments of the church with temporall possessions he was brought into trouble committed to prison in castell saint Angelo in Rome where he continued .iij. yeares and at length was deliuered throughe certaine of the Cardinalles that were appointed hys Iudges Dauid Morgan a Welcheman Threasourer of the church of Landaffe wrote of the antiquities of Wales and a discriptioÌ„ of the country Iohn Tiptot a noble man borne a greate trauailer excellently learned and wrote diuers treatises finally lost his head in the yero .1471 in time of the ciuill warre betwixt the houses of Yorke Lancaster Iohn Shirwood bishop of Durham Thomas Kent an excellent philosopher Roberte Huggon borne in Norffolk in a town called Hardingham wrote certayne vayne prophecies Iohn Maxfielde a learned phisition William Greene a carmelite Frier Thomas Norton borne in Bristow an Alcumiste Iohn Meare a Monke of Norwich Richarde Porlande borne in Norffolke a Franciscan Frier and a doctor of diuinitie Thomas Milling a Monke of Westminster a Doctor of diuinitie and preferred to the Bishopricke of Hereforde Skogan a learned Gentleman and student for a time in Oxforde of a pleasaunte witte and bent to mery deuises in respect whereof he was called into the Courte where giuing himselfe to his naturall inclination of mirthe and pleasaunt pastime he plaied many sporting parts althoughe not in suche vnciuill maner as hath bene of hym reported ¶ The historie of king Edward the fifth and king Richard the third vnfinished written by Maister Thomas Moore then one of the vnder Sheriffes of London about the yeare of our lorde .1513 according to a Copie of his owne hande Printed among his other woorkes Edward the .v. KIng Edward of that name the fourth after that hee had liued fiftie and three yeres 1483 seuen monethes and sixe dayes and therof raigned twoo
for his Bulles that he purposeth to be one and though he pay for nothyng else And yet must he be twyce asked whether he will be Bishop or no and he â—…st twice say nay and at the thyrde tyme take it as compelled therevnto by his owne wil. And in a stage play all the people 〈◊〉 right well that hee that playeth the Sowdaine is percase a sowter yet if one shoulde can so little good to shewe out of season what aquaintaunce hee hath with him and call hym by hys 〈◊〉 â—…e while he standeth in his maiestie one of hys tormentors myghte happe to breake 〈◊〉 head and worthie for marring of the play And so they sayde that these matters hee kings games as it were stage playes and for the mâ—… part played vpon scaffoldes In which poore men be but the lookers on And they y t wise be will meddle no further For they that sometime step vp and play with them when they cannot playe theyr partes they disorder the playe and doe themselues no good King Richard the third Rich. the .iij. 1483 An. reg 1. This that is â—…ere betweene his mark and his marke * was not writen by maister Moore in this historie writen by him in Englishe but â—…s translated â—…ut of this hiâ—…tory which he wrote in latin THE next day the Potector w t a great trayne wente to Westminster hall and there where hee had placed himselfe in the Coâ—…e of the Kinges 〈◊〉 deâ—… to the audience that he woulde take vpon him the Crowne in that place there where the King himselfe sitteth and ministreth the lawe bycause hee considered that it was the chiefest duetie of a King to minister the lawes Then with as plesant an Oration as he could 〈…〉 brought out of the Sanctuarie for thyther had he fledde for feare of him in the slight of the people hee tooke hym by the hande Whiche thyng the Common people reioyced at and praysed but wyse menne tooke it for a vaniâ—… Iâ—… his retourne homewarde whome so â—…er 〈◊〉 he saluted For a mynde that knoweth it selfe guiltie is in a manner deiected to a seruile dâ—…cle When he had begonne his reigne the daye of Iune after this mockishe election then was hee Crowned the daye of the same moneth And that solemnitie was furnished for the most parte with the selfe same prouision that was appoynted for the coronatioÌ„ of his nephue * â—…om thys â—…ark to this* â—… not founde â—… Sir Thomas Moore but in maister Hall â—…nd Grafton But heere to shewe the manner of his Coronation as the same is inserted in this Pamphlet of Sir Thomas More by master Hall and Richard Grafton although not found in the same Pamphlet thus we find it by them reported First to be sure of all enimies as he thoughte he sent for fyne thousande men of the Northe against his Coronation which came vp euill apparelled and worse harneised in rustie harneis neither defensable nor scoured to the sale which mustered in Finseburie field to the great disdeine of all the lookers on The fourth day of Iuly he came to the Tower by water with his wife and the fifth day he created Thomas Lord Haward Duke of Norffolke and Sir Thomas Haward his sonne hee created Earle of Surrey and William Lorde Barkeley was then created Earle of Nottingham and Fraunces Lord Louel was then made Vicount Louell and the King his Chamberlayne and the Lord Stanley was deliuered out of warde for feare of his sonne the L. Strange which was then in Lancashire gathering men as men sayde and the sayde Lord was made Stewarde of the King his housholde lykewise the Archbyshoppe of Yorke was deliuered but Morton Byshoppe of Elie was coÌ„mitted to the Duke of Buckingham to keepe in warde which sent him to his manor of Brecknock in Wales from whence hee escaped to King Richarde hys confusion The same nyght the King made seuenteene Knyghtes of the Bathe whose names ensue Sir Edmond the Duke of Suffolkes sonne Sir George Grey the Erle of Kents sonne Sir William the Lord Souches sonne Sir Henry Burganie Sir Christopher Willoughbie Sir William Barkeley Sir Henrie Babington Sir Thomas Arondell Sir Thomas Boleyne Sir Gerueys of Clifton Sir William Saye Sir Edmond Bedingfield Sir William Enderbie Sir Thomas Lekenor Sir Thomas of Vrmon Sir Iohn Browne Sir William Barkeley The next day being the fifth day of Iulie the King rode through the Citie of London toward Westminster with great pomp being accompanied with these Dukes Earles Lordes and Knightes whose names followe Edward Prince of Wales the Kings onely sonne Dukes The Duke of Norffolke The Duke of Buckingham The Duke of Suffolke Earles The Earle of Northumberlande The Earle of Arondell The Earle of Kent The Earle of Surrey The Earle of Wilshire The Earle of Huntingdon The Earle of Nottingham The Earle of Warwike The Earle of Lincolne Lordes The Lord Lisle Vicount The Lord Louell Vicount The Lord Stanley The Lord Audeley The Lord Dakers The Lord Ferrers of Chertley The Lord Powes The Lord Scrope of Vpsale The Lord Scrope of Bolton The Lord Gray Codner The Lord Gray of Wilton The Lord Sturton The Lord Cobham The Lord Morley The Lord Burganie The Lord Souche The Lord Ferrers of Groby The Lord Welles The Lord Lomney The Lord Matreuers The Lord Harbert The Lord Becham Knightes Sir Iames Titell Sir William Kniuet Sir Thomas Aborow Sir William Standley Sir William Aparre Sir George Browne Sir Robert Middleton Sir Iohn Henningham Sir Nicholas Latimer Sir Thomas Mongomery Sir Thomas Delamer Sir Gilbert Debnam Sir Terrie Robsart Sir William Brandon Sir Iohn Sauell Sir Henry Wentfoord Sir Edward Standley Sir Henry Seyntmont Sir William yong Sir Thomas Bowser Sir Henry Winkefielde Sir Thomas Wortley Sir Iohn Seyntlow â–ª Sir Charles of Pilkinton Sir Iames Harington Sir Iohn Asheley Sir Thomas Barkley Sir Richard Becham Sir William Hopton Sir Thomas Percy Sir Robert Dymocke Sir Iohn Cheyny Sir Richard Ludlowe Sir Iohn Eldrington Sir William Sands Sir Richard Dudley Sir William Seintlowe Sir Thomas Twaightes Sir Edmond of Dudley Sir Raufe Ashton Sir Richard Charlington Sir Thomas Gray Sir Phillip Barkeley Sir Robert Harington Sir Thomas Gresley Sir Richard Harecourt Sir Wiliam Noris Sir Thomas Selenger Sir Richard Hodlesten Sir Iohn Conias Sir William Stoner Sir Phillip Courtney Sir William Gascoigne Sir Richard Amedilton Sir Roger Fynes Sir George Vere Sir Henry Percie Sir Iohn Wood. Sir Iohn Aparre Sir Iohn Gray Sir Iohn Danby Sir Richard Tailebushe Sir Iohn Rider Sir Iohn Herring Sir Richard Enderby Sir Iohn Barkeley Sir Iames Strangwishe Sir Raufe Carnbrecke Sir Iohn Constable Sir Robert Eliarde Sir Richard Darell Sir Iohn Gilforde Sir Iohn Lekenor Sir Iohn Morley Sir Iohn Hewes Sir Iohn Boleyne Sir Edmond Shaa Alderman On the morrowe beeing the sixte daye of Iulye the King with Quene Anne hys wife came down out of the White Hall into the great Hall at Westminster and went directly to the kings bench And from
to bee broughte vnto hym in hys secrete Chamber where Persall after hys masters recommendation shewed hym that hee hadde secretely sente hym to shewe hym that in thys newe worlde hee woulde take suche parte as hee woulde and wayte vppon hym with a thousande good fellowes if neede were The Messenger sent backe with thankes and some secrete instruction of the Protectors minde yet mette him agayne with farther message from the Duke hys master within few days after at Nottingham whither the Protector from Yorke with manye Gentlemen of the North Countrey to y e number of sixe hundred horses was come on his way to Londonwarde and after secret meeting and communication had eftsoone departed Wherevpon at Northampton the Duke met with the Protector hymselfe with three hundred Horses and from thence still continued with hym partner of all hys deuises till that after his Coronation they departed as it seemed very great frieÌ„ds at Gloucester From whence assoone as the duke came home he so lightly turned from him and so highly conspired againste him that a manne woulde maruell whereof the change grew And surely the occasion of their varriance is of diuers men diuerslie reported Some haue I heard say that the Duke alittle before the Coronation among other things required of the Protector the Duke of Herefordes lands to the which hee pretended himselfe iust inheritor And forasmuch as the title whiche he claymed by inheritance was somewhat interlaced with y e title to the Crowne by the line of King Henrye before depriued the Protector conceyued such indignation that hee reiected the Dukes request with manye spitefull and minatorie wordes whiche so wounded hys heart with hatred and mistrust that he neuer after coulde endure to looke a righte on King Richard but euer feared his own life so farre forth that when the Protector rode through London towarde his Coronation hee fayned hymselfe sicke bycause he would not ride with hym And the other taking it in euill part sent hym worde to rise and come ride or he would make hym bee carried Wherevpon he rode on with euill wyll and that notwithstanding on the morrowe rose from the feast fayning hymselfe sicke and King Richard sayde it was done in hatred and despite of hym And they sayde that euer after continually eache of them liued in suche hatred and distrust of other that the Duke verily looked to haue bin murthered at Gloucester From whych naythelesse hee in faire manner departed But surely some right secrete at that days denie this and manye righte wise men thinke it vnlikely the deepe dissembling nature of those both men considered and what neede in that greene world the Protector had of the Duke and in what peril the Duke stoode if hee fell once in suspicion of the Tyrant y t eyther the Protector would giue the Duke occasion of displeasure or the Duke the Protector occasion of mistrust And verily men thinke that if King Richard had anye such opinion conceyued he would neuer haue suffered him to escape his hands Very truth it is 〈◊〉 was an high minded man and euill coâ—… beare the glorie of an other so that I haue 〈◊〉 of some that say they saw it that the Duke at 〈◊〉 time as the Crowne was first set vpon the Protectors head his eye coulde not abyde the 〈◊〉 thereof but wried his head another way But men saye that he was of troth not well at ease and that both to King Richarde well knoâ—… and not ill taken nor any demaund of the dukes vncurteously reiected but hee both was greate giftes and high behestes in most louing aâ—…â—…stie manner departed at Gloucester But 〈◊〉 after his comming home to Brecknocke hauing there in his custodie by the commaundement of King Richarde Doctor Morton Byshop of Elie who as ye before heard was taken in the Counsell at the Tower waxed with hâ—… familiar whose wisedome abused hys pride so his owne deliuerance and the Dukes destraction The Byshop was a man of great naturall witte very well learned and honorable in behauiour lacking no wise wayes to winne fauour He had bin fast vpon the parte of King Henrye while that part was in wealth and naythelesse lefte it not nor forsooke it in woe but fledde the Realme with the Queene and the Prince while King Edwarde hadde the King in prison neuer came home but to the fielde After whiche loste and that part vtterly subdued the tother for hys fast fayth and wisedome not only was contente to receyue hym but also woed him to come and had him from thenceforth both in secrete trust and very speciall fauour whiche hee nothing deceyued For he being as ye haue heard after king Edwards death firste taken by the Titante for his troth to the King founde the meane to sette this Duke in hys toppe ioyned Gentlemen togither in aide of King Henry deuising firste the marriage betweene him and King Edwardes daughter by whiche his faith declared the good seruice to both his masters at once with infinite benefite to the Realme by the coniunction of those two blouds in one whose seueral titles had long enquieted the lande he fledde the Realme went to Rome neuer mynding more to meddle with the world till the noble Prince King Henry the seauenth gate him home againe made him Archbyshoppe of Caunterburie and Chancellor of England wherevnto the Pope ioyned the honor of Cardinall Thus lyuing many dayes in as much honor as one man mighte well wishe ended them so godly that his deathe with Gods mercie well changed his life This man therefore as I was about to tell you by the long and often alternate proofe 1484 An. reg 2. as well of prosperitie as aduers fortune hadde gotten by great experience the very mother and mistresse of wisedome a deepe insighte in politike worldly driftes Whereby perceyuing now this Duke glad to comune with him fedde him with faire words and many pleasaunt prayses And perceyuing by the processe of their communicacions the Dukes pride nowe and then balke out a little bredde of enuie towarde the glory of the King and thereby feeling him ethe to fall out if the matter were well handled he craftely sought the wayes to pricke him forwarde taking alwayes the occasion of his commyng and so keeping himselfe so close within his boundes that hee rather seemed to followe hym than to leade him For when the Duke firste beganne to prayse and boast the King and shew how much profite the Realme shoulde take by his raigne my Lorde Morton aunswered Surely my Lord follie were it for me to lie for if I woulde sweare the contrarie your Lordship woulde not I weene beleeue but that if the worlde woulde haue gone as I woulde haue wished Kyng Henries sonne had hadde the Crowne and not King Edward But after that God had ordered him to leese it and King Edwarde to raigne I was neuer so madde that I woulde with a dead man striue againste the quicke So was I to King Edward a
companioÌ„s either thought or iudged which being almost 〈◊〉 despaire of victory were sudâ—…ly recomforted by sir WilliaÌ„ Stanley whyche came to his succouâ—…s with three thousand tall men at which very instant King Richards men wiâ—…â—…en backe and â—…de and he himselfe manfully fighting in the middle of his â—…liâ—…s who â—…e and brogâ—… to his 〈◊〉 as he worthly had deâ—… In the meane season the Earle of Oxforde with the ayde of the Lorde Stanley â—…e 〈◊〉 long fight discomfited the forward at King Richard whereof a get a to â—…er were stayne in the chase and fight by y e greatest number which compelled by feare of the King and not of theyr meete voluntarie motion came to the field gaue neuer a stroke hauing no harme nor damage saâ—…ly departed whiche 〈…〉 hâ—…her in hope to see the king prospect and proâ—… 〈…〉 that hee shoulde be shamefully conâ—…uâ—… and brought to â—…yne In this battayle dyed 〈◊〉 about the number of a thousande persons And of the nobâ—… were slayne Iohn Duke of Norfolke whyche was â—…ed by diuers to refraine stouâ—… y e fielâ—… in so muche that the night before he shoulde sette forwarde towarde the King one wrote on hys gate Iacke of Norffolke be not to bolde For Dikon thy master is boughte and solde Yet al this notwithstaÌ„ding he regarded more his othe his honor and promise made to Kyng Richard lyke a Gentleman as a faithfull subiect to his Prince absented not himselfe from his maister but as he faithfully liued vnder him so he manfully dyed with him to his greate fame and lande There were slayne besyde hym Water Lord Ferrers of Chartley Sir Richarde Radcliffe and Roberte Brakenburie Lieutenante of the Tower and not many Gentlemen moe Sir William Catesbey learned in the lawes of the Realme and one of the chiefe counsaylers to the late King with diuers other were two days after beheaded at Leycester Amongst them that ran away were Sir Francis Vicount Louell and Humfrey Stafford and Thomas Stafford his brother whiche tooke Sanctuary in Saincte Iohns at Gloucester Of captiues and prisoners there was a great number for after the death of King Richard was knowen and published euery man in manner vnaâ—…ning himselfe and casting away his abilimentes of warre meekely submitted themselues to the obeysance and rule of the Earle of Richmond of the which y e more part had gladly so done in the beginning if they mighte haue conueniently escaped from Kyng Richards espials which hauing as cleeres eyes as Linx and open eares as Mydas â—…aunged and searched in euery quarter Amongst these was Henrye the fourth Earle of Northumberlande which whether it was by the commaundemente of King Richarde putting diffidence in him or he did it for the loue and fauour that he bare vnto the Earle stoode still with a great company and intermitted not in the battaile whyche was incontinently receiued into fauoure and made of the counsayle But Thomas Howard Earle of Sufrey which submitted himselfe there was not taken to grace bycause his father was chiefe counsayler and hee greatly familiar with Kyng Richard but committed to the Tower of London where he long remayned in conclusion deliuered and for his trueth and fidelitie after promoted to high honors offices and dignities On the Earle of Richmondes part were slayne scarce one hundred persons amongst whom the principal was Sir William BraÌ„don his standerd bearer This battaile was foughte at Bosworth in Leycestershire the two and twentith daye of August in the yeare of our redemption .1489 the whole conflicte endured litle aboue two houres King Richard as the fame went mighte haue escaped and gotten safegard by fleeing For wheÌ„ they which were next about his person saw and perceyued at the firste ioyning of the battayle the souldiers fayntly and nothing 〈◊〉 to set on their enimies and not only that but also that some withdrewe themselues priuily one of the prease and departed they began to â—…pect fraude and to smell treason and not only exhorted but determinately aduised him to 〈◊〉 himselfe by flight and when the losse of the battaile was imminent and apparaÌ„t they brought to him a swift and a light horse to conuey hym away He whiche was not ignorant of the grudge and ill will that the commoÌ„ people bate toward him casting away all hope of fortunate successe and happie chance to come aunswered as men say that on that day he would make an ende of all battailes or else there finishe his life Suche a great audacitie and such a stout stomacke â—…gned in his body for surely he knew that to be the day in the which it should be decided and determined whither he should peaceably obteyne and enioy his kingdome during his life or else vtterly forgoe and be depriued of the same with whiche to much hardinesse he being ouercome hastily closed his helmet and entred fiercely into the hard battaile to the intent to obteyne that daye a quiet raigne and regimente or else to finishe there his vnquiet life and vnfortunate â—…ernaunce And so this miseâ—… at y e same very â—…te hadde like chaunce and fortune as happeneth to such which in place of right iustice and â—…ie folowing their seÌ„sual appetite loue vse to â—…mbrace mischiefe tyrannie and vnthriftnâ—…sse Surely these be examples of more 〈◊〉 thoâ—… maÌ„s tong can expresse to feare anâ—…ne suche euill persons as will not lyue one â—…ce 〈◊〉 from doing and exercising 〈◊〉 â—…schiefe for outragious liuing When the Earle had thus obteyned 〈◊〉 and slayne his mortall enimie he 〈◊〉 downe and rendred to almightie God his harty â—…s with depute and godly orisons beâ—… hys 〈◊〉 to sende him grace to aduarice and defende the Catholike faith and to mainteyne iustice and concord amongst his subiects and people by God now to his gouernaunce committed and assigned Which prayer finished her replenished with incomperable gladnesse ascended vppe to the toppe of a little Mountaine where hee not onely praysed and lawded his valiante soldiers but also gaue vnto them his harty thankes with promise of â—…ondigne recompence for theâ—…â—…chtie and valiante factes willing and commaunding all the hurt and wounded persons who enred and the dead 〈◊〉 bee â—…red 〈…〉 sepâ—… 〈◊〉 Then the people relâ—…ed and â—…apped theyr hands crying vp with 〈◊〉 King Henry King Henry When the Lord Stâ—…y fawâ—… the gâ—… will and gladnesse of the people 〈…〉 King Richarde whiche was founds aâ—…gâ—… the spoyle 〈◊〉 thâ—… and 〈◊〉 the Earâ—… 〈◊〉 head as though he had bâ—… elected king by the 〈◊〉 of the people as in auncient tyâ—…â—…sâ—… 〈…〉 â—…eaâ—…â—…t hath bene accustomed oâ—… 〈…〉 the â—…rsâ—…gâ—… and taken of this good 〈…〉 â—…iâ—…s I must put you hâ—…e in remembrance howe that king Richard putting 〈…〉 the Lord Stanley whiche had with him as 〈◊〉 I stage the Lord Strange his 〈◊〉 sonne 〈◊〉 lorde Stanley as ye haue heard 〈◊〉 fore 〈…〉 not at the fyrst with his sonne in lawes â—…ye for feare that king Richard wold haue sâ—… the Lord
prosperitie in battayle agaynste his enimyes was maruellous hys dealing in tyme of perilles and daungers was colde and sober with great hardynesse If anye treason were conspired agaynste hâ—…m it came oute woonderfully Hys buyldings most goodly and after the newest east all of pleasure And so thys King lyuing all his tyme in fortunes fauour in high honour wealth and glorie for hys noble actes and prudent policies is woorthy to bee regystred in the Booke of fame least tyme the consumer of all worthie things shoulde blotte out the memorie of his name here in Earth whose foule wee truste lyueth in Heauen enioying the fruition of the Godhead and those pleasures prepared for the faythfull Of learned menne that lyued in hys dayes as Maister Bale noteth them these are recorded Firste George Rippeley a Carmelite Frier at Boston seene in the Mathematikes and wrote dyuerse Treatises and after hys decease was accounted a Nigromancien Iohn Erghom borne in Yorke a blacke Frier a doctour of Diuinitie professed in Oxforde studious of Prophesies as by the tytle of the workes whiche hee wrote it maye appeare Iohn Parceuall a Chartreux Monke Thomas Maillorie a Welchman borne wrote I wote not what of King Arthure and of the rounde Table Iohn Rousse borne in Warwikeshyre a diligent searcher of antiquities wherevpon few Libraries were any where to bee seene in Englande and Wales where he made not searche for the same and wrote sundrye Treatises of Hystoricall Argumentes He deceassed at Warwicke the fourtenth of Ianuarye in the yeare 1491. and was buryed in our Ladye Churche there Thomas Scrope otherwise surnamed Bradley descended of the noble familye of the Scropes professed sundrie kyndes of Religion as that of the order of Saint Benette and Saint Dominicke and likewyse hee became a Carmelite and last of all hee fell to and preached the Gospell in heare and sackecloth tyll hee vnderstoode hymselfe to bee in the displeasure of Walden and other that coulde not away with such singularitie in hym or other sounding as they tooke it to the daunger of bringing the doctrine of the Romishe Church in mislyking with the people for then hee withdrewe hymselfe to his house agayne and there remayned twentie yeares leading an Ankers lyfe but yet after that tyme hee came abroade and was aduaunced to bee a Bishoppe in Irelande Dromorensiâ—… Episcopus and wente to the Roades in Ambassade from whence being returned hee went barefooted vp and downe in Norffolke teaching in townes and in the countrey abroade the tenne commaundements Hee lyued tyll hee came to bee at the poynte of an hundred yeares olde and departed thys lyfe the fiftenth daye of Ianuarie in the yeare of oure Lorde 1491. and was buryed at Lessolfe in Suffolke Iohn Tonneys a Diuine and an Augustine Frier in Norwiche wrote certaine Rules of Grammer and other things printed by Richarde Pynson Geffrey surnamed the Grammarian Iohn Alcock Bishoppe of Elie chaunged a Nunâ—…ie at Cambridge into a Colledge named Iesus Colledge aboute the yeare of Chryst 1496. The chiefe cause of suppressing the Nunrie is noted to bee for that the Abbesse and other of the Conuent lyued dissolute lines Stephen Hawes a learned Gentleman and of suche reputation as hee was admitted to bee one of the priuie Chamber to King Henrie the seauenth William Byntre so called of a towne in Norffolke where he was borne by profession a Carmelite Frier in Burnham a great diuine William Gasâ—…on an Augustine Frier in Liâ—…ne and at length becaâ—…e prouinciall of his order Roâ—…e Faâ—…n a Citizen and Marchaunt of London an Hystoriographer hee was in his time in good estimation for his wysedome and wealthe in the Citie so that hee bare office and was â—…cesse in the yere 1494 William Celling borne beside Feuer hauâ—… in Kente a Monke of Canterburie Thomas Bouerchier discended 〈◊〉 the noble â—…ge of the Earles of Essex was first Byshoppe of Ely and after remooued from â—…nte to Canterburye succeeding Iohn Kempe in that Arbishoppes Sea at length created by Pope Paule the seconde a Cardinal Philippe Bronâ—…de a Dominicke Frier a deuine Iohn Myles a Doctor of both the lawes Ciuill and Canon he â—…yed in Oxforde in the Colledge of Brâ—…semose newly founded in the dayâ—… of this King Henrye the seuenth by William Smyth Bishoppe of Lyncolne Richarde Shiâ—… Bishop of Chichester and imployed in Ambassadâ—… to diuerse Princes as a manne moste meete thereto for his singular knowledge in learning and eloquence Robert Viduns Vicar of Thakesteede in Essex and a Prebendarie Canon of Wâ—…lles an excellent Poete Peter Kenighale a Carmelites Frier but borne of Worshipfull lygnage in Fraunce hauing an Englisheman to his father was student in Oxforde and became a notable Preacher Iohn Mortan fyrst Bishoppe of Elie and after Archbishoppe of Canterbury the .lxiij. in number that ruled that Sea he was aduaunced to the dignitie of a Cardinall and by King Hâ—…e the seuenth made Lorde Chauncellour a worthye Counsaylour and a modest hee was borne of worshipfull Parentes in Dorseâ—…shire and departed this life in the yeare of oure Lorde 1500. Henrye Medwall Chaplaine to the sayde Morton Edmunde Dudley borne of noble Parentage studyed the lawes of this lande and profited highly in knowledge of the same hee wrote a booke intituled Arbor Reipublicae the â—…ret of the common wealth of this man yet haue heard before in the life of this king and more God wylling shall be saide in the beginning of the nexte king as the occasion of the Historie leadeth Iohn Bâ—…kingham an excellent Schootman William Blackney a Carmelite Frier a doctor of diuinity and a Nigthmancâ—… Vâ—…n .iiij. King Henry the eyghte H. the eight NOwe after the death of this noble Prince Henrie the seuenth 1509. An. Reg. 1. his sonne Henrie the viij began his raigne the .xxij. day of April in the yeare of the worlde .5475 after y e byrth of our sauioure 1509. and in the xviij yere of his age in the .xvj. yeare of Maximilian then being Emperour in the .xj. yeare of Lewes the .xij. that then raigned in Fraunce and in the .xx. of king Iames the fourth as then â—…sing ouer the Scottes Whose style was proclaymed by the blasse of a trumpet in the Citie of London Henry the eight proclamed king the xxiij daye of the sayde Moneth with muche gladnesse and reioysing of the people And the same day he departed from his manour of Richmonde to the Tower of London where he remained closely and secretely wyth hys Counsayle till the funeralles of his father were finished Polidor Although this king nowe comming to the Crowne was but yong as before is sayde yet hauing beene in his firste yeres trained vp in lerning dyd for respect of hys owne suretye and good gouernement of his people prudently by aduice of his graundmother the Countesse of Richmonde and Darbie elect and choose forth diuers of the moste wise and graue personages to bee of his priuie Counsayle namely such as he knewe
one and some of them came so neare the walles of Calais that they were escried and about a sixescore Coupers Bakers Shipmen and other whych lay without the town hearing the alarme got togyther and setting on those Frenchemen whiche were aduaunced so neare the town slew them downe that abode chased them that fled men into Newnhem bridge and recouered the same and put backe their enemies About fiue of the clock in the morning the gate of Calais called Bolongne gate was opened and then by permission of the deputie one Culpeper the vnder Marshall wyth .ij. C. archers vnder a banner of sainte George issued foorthe C◅peper vn◅ Marshall of Cala◅ and in great haste came to Newnham bridge where they founde the other Englishmen that had won the bridge of the Frenchemen and so altogither set forward to assaile the Frenchmen that kepte the stale and tarried till the residue of their company which were gone a foraging vnto Calais walles were come for the other that had spoiled the Marishes were retourned with a great booty At the first whē the frenchmen saw the Englishmē approch they thought they had bin their owne fellowes But when they saw the banner of saint George they perceyued howe the matter went and so determined to defēd themselues against their enemies but the Englishemen set so fiercely on that finally the Frenchemenne were discomfited and foure and twenty of them slaine beside twelue foore that were taken prisoners all the ordynaunce and ◅tie againe recouered The eleauenth day of August the king the Emperour Maximilian The Empero◅ Maximilian and the King of Englande meete met togither betwixte Ayre and Terrova◅ and after they had moste frendly saluted eyther other and talked a while togyther they departed for y e time He that desireth to vnderstande howe richely the Kings Maiestie the Duke of Buckingham and other the nobles of Englande were apparayled at this enteruiewe he may reade thereof in the Chronicles of Maister Hall The Emperour and his retinue were all in blacke as mourners for the Empresse lately before was deceassed Wythin a daye or twoo after thys enterviewe and that the King was retourned to his campe thither came a King at armes of Scotlande called Lion A letter of defiaunce fe◅ by the Scottish King to King Henry wyth his coate of armes on his backe who within short time was by Garter Kng of armes broughte to the Kyngs presence where hee being almoste dismaide to see the Kyng so noblye accompanyed wyth fewe wordes and meetely good countenaunce deliuered a letter to the King which his grace receyued and readde it himself and therwith hauyng conceyued the whole contentes thereof made aunswere immediatly to the Herrault after a sharpe sorte reprouing the great vntruth in the Kyng of Scottes hys Maister whyche nowe accordyng to the custome of dyuers hys anncestours woulde so dishonourablye breake hys faithe and promysse But fithe hee hadde mystrusted no lesse and that nowe his vniuste dealyng well appeared hee hadde the Herrault tell hys Mayster that hee shoulde neuer bee comprised in anye league wherein hee was a confederate and that he hadde lefte an Earle in hys Realme that shoulde bee able to defende hym and all hys power and further that where hee was the verye owner of Scotlande as of whome it was holden by homage he woulde not faile at hys retourne to expulse hym out of his Realme and so saythe hee to the Herrault tell thy Mayster Sir said the Kyng of armes I am hys naturall subiect and hee my naturall Lorde and that he commaundeth me to say I may boldely say wyth fauour but the commaundements of other I maye not nor dare faye to my soueraigne But your letters with your honoure sent maye declare your pleasure for I may not say such words of reproche to hym vnto whom I owe only myne allegiance and faith Then saide the Kyng wherefore came you hither will you receiue no answere Yes saide Lion but your aunswer requireth dooyng and no writyng that is that immediatly you shuld retourne home Well sayde the Kyng I will returne to your domage and not at thy Maisters summoning Then the king commaunded Garter to take him to his tent and to make hym good cheare whiche so did and cherished hym well for hee was sore abashed After hee was departed the King sent for all the Capitaines and before them and hys counsell caused the letter to be redde the contentes whereof were The effect of the Scottishe Kings letter to King Henry that King Henry hadde not delt wyth hym vprightly in sundry points as in maintainyng of those whiche had slayne hys people of Scotland by sea and also in succouryng basterde Heron wyth his complices whiche hadde vnder truste of dayes of meeting for Iustice slaine his Wardein Also his wifes legacie was by hym withhoulden And moreouer where firste hee hadde desired hym in fauour of his deare cousin the duke of Gelder not to attempt any thyng agaynste hym yet hadde hee sente his people to inuade the sayde Dukes countrey whiche did what in them laye to destroye and disinherite the saide Duke that had nothyng offended agaynste hym And nowe againe where hee hadde made the lyke request for his brother and cousin the moste Christen Kyng of Fraunce yet notwythstandyng had the King of Englande caused hym to lose hys Dutchie of Millaine and at this present inuaded hys Realme wyth all his puissance to destroy hym and hys Subiectes where as yet the saide Kyng of Fraunce hadde bene euer friend to hym and neuer giuen hym occasion thus to doe In consideration of whiche iniuries receyued in his owne person and in his frends he muste needes seeke redresse and take part with hys brother and cousin the said king of France Wherefore hee requyred hym to desiste from further inuasion and destruction of the Frenche dominions which to do if he refused he plainlye declared by the same letters that he would do what hee coulde to cause him to desiste from further pursute in that hys enterprise and also giue Letters of Marque to hys Subiectes for the denial of Iustice made to them by the king of Englande The letters thus sent to the Kyng of Englande were dated at Edenburghe the sixe and twentith daye of Iulye and gyuen vnder the signet of the saide Scottishe King When the King had thus caused these letters to bee readde and throughly considered of them as apperteyned hee sente them strayght vnto the Earle of Surrey whiche then laye at Pomfret and caused other letters to bee deuised to the Kyng of Scottes King Henry his a◅◅ere to the Scottishe Kings letters the effect wherof was that althoughe hee well perceyued by the Kings letters whiche he hadde receyued from hym in what sorte vnder colour of contriued occasions and fained quarrells hee ment to breake the peace hee didde not muche meruaile thereat consideryng the auncient accustomed manners of some his progenitours Howbeit if loue and
to be in hym The Lord Hovvarde Admirall Capitayne of the vauvvarde Then the Earle and hys counsell wyth greate deliberation appointed his battailes in order wyth wings and wyth horsmen necessarie Firste of the forewarde was ordayned Capitayne the Lorde Howarde Admirall of England aswell with such as came with him from the Sea as others Fyrste the Lorde Clyfforde the Lorde Coniers the Lord Latimer the lord Scrope of Vpsall the Lorde Ogle the Lorde Lomley Sir Nicholas Appliarde Maister of the ordinaunce sir Stephan Bull sir Henrye Shirborne sir Wyllyam Sidney sir Edwarde Echingham sir Wyllyam Bullmer wyth the power of the Byshoppricke of Durham sir Wyllyam Gascoygne sir Christofer Warde sir Iohn Eueringham sir Thomas Metham sir Walter Griffith and many other Of the wyng on the ryght hande of the forewarde was Capitayne sir Edmunde Howarde Knyght Marshall of the hoste and with him Brian Tunstall Rause Brearton Io. Laurence Rich. Bold esquiers sir Iohn Bothe sir Thomas Butler Knyghtes Richarde Done Iohn Bigod Thomas Fitz Wyllyam Iohn Claruys Bryan Stapulton Roberte Warcoppe Richard Cholmley with the men of Hulle and the Kings tenauntes of Hatfielde and other Of the wyng on the lefte hande was capitayne sir Marmaduke Connestable with his sonnes and kinsemen sir Wyllyam Percye and of Lancashire a thousande men Of the rerewarde was capitayne the earle of Surrey hymselfe and with hym the Lorde Scrope of Bolton sir Phillyppe Tiiney sir George Darcy sir Thomas Berkely sir Iohn Rocliffe sir Christofer Pikeryng Richarde Tempeste sir Iohn Stanley with the Bishop of Elies seruauntes sir Bryan Stapulton Lionell Percye with the Abbot of Whithies tenauntes Christofer Clapham sir William Gascoygne the yonger sir Guy Dawney Maister Magnus Maister Dalbies seruants sir Iohn Normanuile the Citizens of Yorke sir Ninian Markanuile sir Iohn Willoughby with other Of the wing on the right hand was capitaine the Lorde Dacres with his power Of the lefte hande wing was captayne sir Edward Stanley Knyght with the residue of the power of the twoo countyes Palantine of Chester and Lancaster Thus was the hoste appointed and deuided into Wardes and wynges at the firste thoughe afterwarde vppon occasion this order was somewhat altered And nowe that euery man knew what to do the Erle of Surrey commyng wyth hys power towardes the place where hee thought to finde the Scottishe hoste hee was enformed howe King Iames being remoued a six miles from Norham The strength◅ of the place vvhere Kyng Iames lay encamped called Flodden lay embattailed vppon a greate mountaine called Flodden a place of suche strengthe as it was not possible for the Englishmen to come neare hym but to their greate disaduantage for at the foote of the same hill on the lefte hand there was a great marishe grounde full of reed and water On the ryght hande it was defended with a riuer called Til the course whereof being so swifte and the chanell in some places to deepe that it myght not conuenientlye bee passed On the backe halfe there were such craggy rockes and thicke woods that it was not possible to assayle hym to anye aduauntage that way forthe And on the fore parte of the campe where Nature hadde lefte an easye entry for men to come to the same all his ordinaunce was planted alofte vpon the sides of such trenches as hee had caused to bee caste for defence on that parte The Earle of Surrey herevppon consydering with hymself that onlesse he might deuise some policie to cause the Scottishe armye to discend the hil it wer not possible for him to accomplish his desire he calling about him his counsell An Herraulte sente from the earle of Surrey to King Iames. and with them taking aduice in this point at length it was cōcluded determined among other things to send Rouge Crosse Purseuaunt of armes wyth a trumpet to the Kyng of Scottes wyth a Message and certain Instructions whych in substance was to shewe and declare vnto the sayde Kyng of Scottes that where hee contrarye vnto hys othe and league and vnnaturallye agaynst all reason and conscience hadde entred and inuaded this his brothers Realme of England and done greate hurte to the same in castyng downe Castels Towers and houses brenning spoyling and destroying the same and cruelly murthering the Kyng of England his brothers subiectes he the sayde Earle woulde bee readie to trie the rightfulnesse of the matter with the king in battayle by Friday next comming at the farthest if he of his noble courage would giue him tarying and abode And the same the said Earle promised as he was a true Knight to God and the Kyng of Englande hys maister The Lorde Admirals ◅essage to the K. of Scottes And before Rouge Crosse should departe with the sayde instructions the Lorde Admirall gaue him in credence to shewe the sayde Kyng of his comming and parte of hys companye from the Sea with him and that hee had soughte the Scottishe nauie then beeing on the Sea but hee coulde not meete with them bycause they were fledde into Fraunce by the coast of Ireland And in as muche as the sayde Kyng hadde diuers and many times caused the sayde Lorde to bee called at dayes of truce to make redresse for Andrewe Barton Andrewe Barton a Pirate of the Sea long before that vanquished by the same Lorde Admirall hee was nowe come in hys owne proper person to be in the vantgard of the field to iustifie the death of the sayde Andrew against hym and all hys people and woulde see what coulde be layde to hys charge the sayde day and that he nor none of his company should take no Scottishe noble man prisoner nor any other but they should dye if they came in his daunger vnlesse it were the Kings owne person for hee sayde hee trusted to none other curtesse at the hands of the Scottes And in thys manner hee should finde hym in the vantgard of the fielde by the grace of God and Sainte George as he was a true Knight Yet before the departing of Rouge Crosse with the sayde instructions and credence it was thought by the Earle and his counsayle that the sayde King woulde fayne and imagine some other message to send an Herrault of his with the same onely to view and ouersee the manner and order of the Kyngs royall army ordinance and artillerie then beeing with the Earle whereby myghte haue ensued greate daunger to the same ◅ good ◅o◅e and for the eschuing thereof hee hadde in commaundemente that if anye suche message were sente not to bryng any person commyng therewith within three or two mile of the fielde at the nighest where the sayde Earle woulde come and heare what hee woulde saye And thus departed Rouge Crosse with hys Trumpette apparrelled in hys coate of armes On Monday the fifth daye of September the Earle tooke hys fielde at Bolton in Glendale as he hadde appoynted where all the noble men and Gentlemen mette hym with their retinues to
seat were the captains of the gards the prouost of y e houshold before the K. kneled y e Vshers of the chaÌ„ber vpon y e one knee at the foot of the step y e wentvp to the kings seat were the prouosts of the merchaÌ„ts Escheuins of the town of Paris Beneath in the hall the gates wherof were stil open ther was an infinit nuÌ„ber of people of al natioÌ„s in presence of them al y e K. made this declaratioÌ„ The cause wherfore I haue made this asseÌ„bly is for y e the emperor elect hath sent to me an herault of armes who as I coÌ„iecture as the same herault hath said as his safeconduit importeth hath brought me letters patents autentike coÌ„cerning y e suertie of the field for the combat y t shuld be betwixt the said elected Emperor and me And forasmuche as the said Herauld vnder color to bring the suretie of y e field may vse certain fictions dissimulatioÌ„s or hipoccrisies to shift off y e matter wher as I desire expeditioÌ„ to haue it dispatched out of hand so y t by the same an end of the warres which haue so loÌ„g coÌ„tinued may be had to y e ease coÌ„fort of all Christendom to auoyd the effusion of bloud other mischieues which come thereof I haue wished it knowne to al Christendom to the end y t euery one may vnderstand the truth from whence procedeth y e mischief the long continuance therof I haue also caused this asseÌ„blie to be made to shewe y t I haue not w tout great cause enterprised suche an act for the right is on my side if I should otherwise haue don mine honor had beÌ„ greatly blemished A thing which my lords y t ar of my bloud other my subiects wold haue takeÌ„ in euil part And knowing y e cause of y e coÌ„bat and my right they will beare w t it as good loyall subiects ought to do trusting by Gods helpe to proceed in such sort therin y t it shal plainly appere if y e right be on my side or not and how against truth I haue bin accused for a breaker of my faith which I wold be loth to do nor at any time haue ment so to do The kings my predecessors ancestors whose pictures ar engraueÌ„ set here in order w t in this hall which in their days haue successiuely atchieued glorious acts greatly augmented y e realm of France wold think me vnworthy not capable to be their successor if against myne honor I shuld suffer my self to be charged w t such a note by y e emperor shuld not defeÌ„d my person honor in y e maner and form acustomed And herwith he declared the whole case as it stode first how being taken at Paris by fortune of warre he neuer gaue his faith to any of his enimies consenting to be led into Spayne caused his owne galeys to be made redie to conuey him thither where at his arriual he was comitted to ward 〈◊〉 castell of Madrill garden w t a great nuÌ„ber of hauing busiers and others which vncurteous dealing found in the emperor so muche greued him y t he fel sick lay in danger of death Vâ—…oÌ„ the Emperor coÌ„ming to visite him after his recouerie of helth an ward was made betwixt w t deputies of the Emperor the ambassadors of the Lady his mother then regent of France which accord was so vnreason able that no prince being in libertie wold haue consented that to dor for his deliuerate haue promised so great 〈◊〉 some Which treatie yee they constrained here as he said to sweat to perform being prisoner against y e protestation whiche heauens times had made yea as yet being sicke in danger of recidination so consequently of death After this he was coÌ„ueyd foorth on his iorney homewards stil garded not set at libertie it was told him y e after he came into FraÌ„ce it was coÌ„uenient y t he should giue his faith for y t it was known wel enough y t what he did or promised in Spain it nothing auailed and further he remembred not y t the Emperor had tolde him at any time y t if he performed not the contents of the treatie he wold hold him for a breker of his faith though he had he was not in his libertie to make any answer Two things therfore said he in this case ar to be coÌ„sidered one y t the treatie was violeÌ„tly wroong out froÌ„ them y t coulde not bind his person and y t which as to y e residue had bin accoÌ„plished by his mother deliuering his sons in hostage The other thing was his preteÌ„ded faith on whiche they can make no grouÌ„d sith he was not set at libertie And hereto he shewed many reasons to proue y t his enimies could not pretende in right y t they had his faith The fielde 〈◊〉 is a place vvhere they may safely com to sight in listes before indâ—…eâ—… Iudges Further he said that in matter of combat there was the assailant whiche oughte to giue suretie of y e field the defendant the weapons Herwith also he caused a letter to beced which the Emperor had written to Maister Iâ—…han de Calnymont presideÌ„t of Burdeaux y e said kings ambassador in the course of the said Emperor The tenor of which better imported that y e emperor put the said ambassador in remeÌ„brance of speech which he had vttered to y e sayd ambassador in Granado repeting the same in substance as followeth that the Kyng his maister hadde done naughtily in not keping his faith which he had of him acording to the treatie of Madril and if the K. wold say the contrary I wil said the Emperor maintein the quarel with my bodie against his and these bee the same wordes that I spake to y e king your master in Madril that I wold hold him for 〈◊〉 and naughtys maÌ„ if 〈◊〉 the faith whichâ—… 〈…〉 Then after the said 〈◊〉 had him â—…che 〈◊〉 at 〈◊〉 his enâ—…â—…nde 〈◊〉 waâ—… of 〈◊〉 be 〈◊〉 that ever wherof â—…e haue heard 〈…〉 〈◊〉 becontinued his â—…ale in declaring what order 〈◊〉 obserued 〈…〉 the emâ—… to the 〈◊〉 at without all shifting delâ—… so as if the Herald now come froÌ„ the Emperor world vse our 〈◊〉 than 〈◊〉 deliuer him â—…tike writing for 〈◊〉 â—…tie of the field not obserue the contents of his safe conduct he â—…nt and to giue him all 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 vpon 〈…〉 called to come in and declare his messages who apparelled in his 〈◊〉 of armes made his aparraÌ„ts before the king them sitting accompanied as 〈◊〉 haue heard vnto where the King sayde Herauld doâ—… thou bring the 〈◊〉 of the field suche one as thy master being be assaylaÌ„t ought to deliuer vnto the defendaÌ„t being so 〈◊〉 a personage is Iâ—… The Heraulde there vnto said Sir may it please you to giue mâ—… to do â—…ne
rising least they shuld be resisted they deuised that some should be murthered in churches some in their houses some in seruing the king in commission other as they might be caught and to picke quarels to theÌ„ by alteration of seruice on the holy dayes and thus was the platforme cast of theyr deuice according as afterwarde by their coÌ„fession at their examinations was testified and remayneth in true record Thus they being togither agreed Oindler and Dale and others by their secret appointment so laboured the matter in the parish of Semer Wintringham and the towns about that they were infected with the poyson of this confederacie in such sort that it was easie to vnderstande wherevnto they woulde encline if a Commotion were begonne the accomplishment whereof did shortly follow For although by the wordes of one drunken fellow of that conspiracy named Caluers at the Alehouse in Wintringham some suspition of that rebellion began to be smelles before by the Lord President and gentlemen of those parties so preuented in that place where the Rebels thought to beginne yet they gaue not ouer so but drewe to another place at Seâ—â—r by the Seawast and there by â—…ight 〈◊〉 to the Beacons at Staxton and set it on side and so gathering togither a rude route of rascals yet of the townes neare about being on a slur Oindler Thomas Dale Baxton and Robert Dale hasted forthwith with the Rebelles to master Whytes house to take him who notwithstanding being an horsebacke miâ—…ting to haue escaped their handes Dale Ombler and the rest of the Rebels tooke him and â—…lopton his wiues brother one Sauage a Marchaâ—…dâ—…f Yorke and one Berry serualint to sir Walter Mudmay Which foure without cause or quarell sauing to fulfill their seditious prophecie in foure part and to giue a terrour to other Gentlemen they cruelty murthered after they had 〈◊〉 them one mile from Samer towarde the Wolde and there after they had stripped them of their clothes and purses left them naked behind them in the plain fieldes for Crowes to feede on vntill Whites wife and Sauages wife then at Semer caused them to be buryed Long it were 〈…〉 tedious to recite what reuell these Rebels kept in their raging madnesse who rauaging about the Countrey from towne to towne to enlarge their vngracious and rebellious bande taking those with force which were not willing to go and leauing in no town where they came any man aboue the age of .xvj. yeares so encreased this number that in short time they had gathered three thousand to fauour their wicked attempts and had like to haue gathered more had not the Lordes goodnesse through prudent circumspection of some interrupted the course of theyr furious beginning For first came the kings gracious and free pardon discharging and pardoning them and the rest of the Rebelles of all treasons murthers felonies and other offences done to his Maiestie before the .xxj. of August Anno .1549 Whiche pardon althoughe Ombler contemptuously reading persysting stil in his wilfull obstinacie disswaded also the rest from the humble accepting of the kings so louing and liberall pardon yet notwithstanding wyth some it did good To make shorte it was not long after this but Ombler as hee was ryding from Towne to Towne twelue myles from Hummanbie to charge all the Conestables and Inhabitaunts where he came in the Kings name to resort to Hummanbie by the way hee was espyed and by the circumspect diligence of Iohn Worde the yonger Iames Aslabey Raufe Twinge and Thomas Conestable Gentlemen he was had in chase 〈◊〉 capâ—… of the 〈◊〉 taken and at last by them apprehended and brought in the nyght in sure custodie vnto the Citie of Yorke to answere to his demerits After whome within short time Thomas Dale â—…nes of rebels taâ—… execuâ—… Yorke Henrie Baxton the first Chieftaines and ringleaders of the former Commotion whiche Iohn Dale Robert Wright WilliaÌ„ Peacocke Weatherell and Edmonde Buttrie busie styrrers in this sedition as they trauayled from place to place to drawe people to theyr faction were lykewise apprehended committed toward lawfully conuicted and lastly executed at Yorke the xxj of September Anno. 1549. â—… Actis iudicij publici registro exceptis notatis Whilest these wicked commotions and tumults through the rage of the vndiscrete Commons were thus raysed in sundrie partes of the Realme to the great hynderaunce of the common wealth losse and daunger of euerye good and true subiect sundry wholsome and godly exhortations were published to aduertise them of their duetie and to lay before them theyr heynous offences with the sequele of the mischiefes that necessarily folowed therof the which if they shoulde consider togyther with the punishment that hanged ouer their heades they myght easily be brought to repent theyr lewde begonne enterprices and submit themselues to the kings mercie Among other of those admonitions one was penned and set forth by sir Iohn Cheeke whiche I haue thought good here to insert as a necessarie discourse for euerie good English subiect The hurt of sedition how grieuous it is to a common wealth set out by sir Iohn Checke Knight Anno. 1549. The true subiect to the Rebell AMong so many and notable benefits wherewith God hath alreadye liberally and plentifully endued vs there is nothing more beneficiall than that we haue by his grace kept vs quiet froÌ„ rebellion at this time For we see such miseries hang ouer the whole state of the common welth through the great misorder of your sedition that it maketh vs much to reioyce that we haue beene neither partners of your doings nor conspirers of your counsayles For euen as the Lacedemonians for the auoyding of drunkennesse did cause their sonnes to beholde their seruants when they were drunke that by beholding their beastlinesse they might auoyd the like vice euen so hath God like a mercifull father stayed vs from your wickednesse that by beholding the filth of your fault we might iustly for offence abhorre you like Rebels whom else by nature we loue like Englishmen And so for our selues we hau great cause to thanke God by whose religion and holy worde dayly taught vs we learne not only to feare him truly but also to obey our king faithfully and to serue in our owne vocation like subiects honestly And as for you wee haue surely iust cause to lament you as drethren and yet iuster cause to â—…yse against you as enimies and most iust cause to ouerthrow you as rebels For what hurt could bee done either to vs priuately or to the whole common wealth generally that is now with mischief so brought in by you that euen as we see now the flame of your rage so shall we necessarily be consumed hereafter with the miserie of the same Wherefore consider your selues with some â—…ight of vnderstanding and marke this grieuous and horrible fault which ye haue thus vilely committed how heynous it must needes appeare to you if ye will reasonably consider that whiche for my
brother bestowed themselues in secrete places there within Astley Parke but throughe the vntrustynesse of them to whose trust they did commit themselues as hath bene credibilye reported they were bewrayed to the Earle of Huntington The Duke of Suffolke apprehended that then was come to Couentrie and so apprehended they were by the sayde Earle and afterwardes brought vp to London The Duke had ment at the first to haue rid awaye as I haue crediblye hearde if promise had bene kept by one of his seruaunts appoynted to come to him to bee his guyde but when be eyther frygning himselfe sicke or being sicke in deede came not the Duke was constrayned to remayne in the Parke there at Astley hoping yet to get awaye after that the searche had bene passed ouer and the Countrie once in quiet Howsoeuer it was there he was taken as before is sayde togither with his brother the Lord Iohn Grey 〈◊〉 Iohn â—…aken but his brother the Lorde Thomas gotte awaye in deede at that time meaning to haue fledde into Wales and there to haue got to the sea side so to transport himselfe ouer into Fraunce or into some other forren part but in the borders of Wales he was likewise apprehended through his great mishappe and folly of his man that had forgot his Capcase w t money behinde in his Chamber one morning at his Inne and comming for it againe vppon examination what he shoulde be it was mistrusted that his maister shoulde be some suche man as he was in deede 〈◊〉 Thom â—â— taken and so was stayde taken and brought vp to London where he suffered as after shall appeart But nowe to returne vnto Sir Thomas Wiat. After that the Londoners were reuolted to him as before ye haue hearde the next daye being Tuesdaye the xxx of Ianuarie hee marched forth with his bandes and sixe peeces of ordinance which they had gotten of the Queenes beside their owne and first they came to Cowling castell an holde of the Lorde Cobhams foure myles distant from Rochester and not much out of their waye towards London whither they were nowe fully determined to go in hope of frendes whiche they trusted to finde within and about the Citie â—…wling â—…el At their comming to Cowling knowing the Lorde Cobham to bee within the Castell they bene their ordinaunce against the gate breaking it with sundrie shottes and burning it vp with fire made a way through it The Lorde Cobham The said Lord Cobham defended the place as stoutly as he might hauing but a fewe agaynst so great a number and so little store of munition for his defence he himselfe yet discharged his gunne at such as approched the gate right hardily and in that assault two of his menne were slayne After this assaulte and talke had with the Lorde Cobham Sir Thomas Wiat marched to Grauesende where he rested that night The next daye he came to Dartforde with his handes and laye there that night whither came to him Sir Edwarde Hastings maister of the Queenes horse and Sir Thomas Cornewalleys knightes both being of the Queenes priuie Counsayle and nowe sent from hir vnto Sir Thomas Wiat to vnderstand the 〈◊〉 of his commotion When hee vnderstoode they were come hee tooke with him certaine of his bande to the west ende of the towne where he had lodged his ordinaunce and at the lighting downe of Sir Edward Hastings and his associate Sir Thomas Wiat hauing a Partison in his hande aduaunced himselfe somewhat afore such Gentlemen as were with him traced neare them to whom the Maister of the horse spake in substaunce as followeth The Queenes Maiestie requireth to vnderstande the verye cause wherefore you haue thus gathered togither in armes hir liege people which is the part of a traytour and yet in your Proclamations and persuasions you call your selfe a true subiect which can not stand togither I am no traytor quoth Wiat and the cause wherefore I haue gathered the people is to defende the Realme from daunger of being ouerrunne with straungers which must follow this mariage taking place Why loueth the Queenes agents there bene straungers yet come who eyther for power or number ye neede to suspect But if this be your onely quarrell bicause yee mislike the mariage will ye come to communication touching that case and the Queene of hir gracious goodnesse is content ye shall be hearde I yeelde there to quoth Sir Thomas Wiat but for my suretie I will rather be trusted than trust Wiats requestes â–ª and therefore demaunded as some haue written the custome of the tower and hir grace within it Also the displacing of some Counsaylours about hir and to haue other placed in their roumes There was long and staâ—…te conference betweene them insomuche that the Maister of the horse sayde Wiat before thou shalte haue thy trayterous demaunde graunted thou shalt dye and twentie thousande with ther and so the sayde Maister of the horse and Sir Thomas Cornewalleys perceiuing they coulde not bring him to that poynt they wished they returned to the Courte aduertising the Queene what they had hearde of him The sand daye bring the first of Februarie Proclamation was made in London by an Herault to signifie that the Duke of Suffolkes companie of horsemen were scattered and that he himselfe and his brethren were fleddâ—… Also that Sir Peter Carew and sir Gawen Carew Knights and Willyam Gybbes Esquâ—… which being parties to the conspiracie of the said Duke with Sir Thomas Wiat and others were likewise fledde Tâ—…s it was that Sir Peter Carewe perceyuing himselfe in daunger to bee apprehended aboute the xxiij of Ianuarie last past fledde out of the Realme and escaped into Fraunce but the other taried behynde and were taken The Emperors ambassadors flee froÌ„ Wiat. Moreouer this first daye of Februarie being Candlemas euen the Emperours ambassadors of whome ye haue hearde before hearing of Wiats hastie approching thus towardes London sped themselues away by water and that with all haste The Queene then lying at hir pallace of Whyte hall beside Westminster and hearing of hir enimies so neare was counsayled for hir safegarde to take the tower of London wherevnto she would by no meanes be perswaded Neuerthelesse to make hir selfe more stronger of frends in the citie so soone as the sayde Ambassadours were departed she came to the Guilde hall in London against which time order was taken by the Lorde Maior that the chiefe Citizens in their liueries shoulde be there present After that the Queene had taken hir place in the sayde hall and silence made she with verye good countenaunce vttered in effect this oration following Queene Maries oration I am quoth shee come vnto you in mine owne person to tell you that which already you doe see and knowe that is howe trayterouslye and sediciouslye a number of Kentishe rebelles haue assembled themselues togither against both vs and you Their pretence as they sayde at the first was onely to resist
were set vp in London for a terrour to the common sort bycause the white coates beeing sent out of the Citie as before ye haue heard reuolted from the Queenes parte to the ayde of Wyat twentie payre of Gallowes on the which were hanged in seuerall places to the number of fiftie persons which Gallowes remayned standing there a great part of the Sommer following to the greate griefe of good Citizens and for example to the Commotioners The .xij. day of Februarie next following the Ladie Iane of Suffolke The execution of Ladie Iane and the Lorde Guilforde and the Lord Guilforde hir husband who before as you haue heard were attainted of treason the one for the vsurpation of the estate royall as Queene the other as a principall adherent to hir in that case according to the iudgement gyuen agaynst them suffred execution of death that is to witte hee at the Tower hill vpon the Scaffolde and shee within the Tower whose deathes were the rather hastened for that the Duke of Suffolke father to this Ladie had of late as ye haue hearde raysed a newe sturre and commotion in the Countrey which was the shortening of hir lyfe who else was like ynough to haue beene pardoned This noble yong Ladie endued with singular giftes both of learning and knowledge as pacient and milde as any lambe came to the place of hir execution and a little before hir death vttered these woordes Good people I am come hither to die The wordes of the Ladie Iane at hir death and by a lawe I am condemned to the same My offence agaynst the Queenes highnesse was onely in consent to the deuice of other which nowe is deemed treason but it was neuer of my seeking but by counsail so those who shoulde seeme to haue further vnderstanding of things than I whiche knewe little of the lawe and much lesse of the tytles to the crowne But touching the procurement and desire thereof by mee or on my behalfe I doe washe my handes in innocencie thereof before God and the face of all you good Christian people thys daye and therewith she wrung hir handes wherein shee hadde hir Booke Then sayde shee I pray you all good Christian people to beare me witnesse that I dye a true Christian woman and that I looke to be saued by none other meanes but onelye by the mercie of God in the bloud of hys onelye sonne Iesus Christ and I confesse that when I did knowe the worde of God I neglected the same and loued my selfe and the worlde and therefore this plague and punishment is iustly and woorthily happened vnto mee for my sinnes and yet I thanke God of hys goodnesse that hee hath gyuen mee a tyme and respyte to repente And nowe good people whyle I am aliue I pray you assyst mee wyth your prayers and then kneelyng downe shee sayde the Psalme of Miserere mei Deus in Englishe and then stoode vppe and gaue hir Mayde called mystresse Eleyne hir Gloues and Handkercheffe and hir Booke shee also gaue to Maister Bruges then Lieutenaunt of the Tower and so vntyed hir Gowne and the executioner pressed to helpe hir off wyth it but she desleed him to let hir alone and turned hir towardes hir two Gentlewomen who helped hir off therewith and with hir other attyres and they gaue hir a fayre handkercheffe to put aboute hir eyes Then the Executioner kneeled downe and asked hir forgiuenesse whome shee forgaue moste willingly then hee willed hir to stande vppon the strawe which done she saw the blocke and then shee sayde I praye you dispatche mee quickly Then shee kneeled downe saying will you take it off before I laye mee downe wherevnto the Executioner aunswered no Madame then tyed shee Handkercheffe aboute hir eyes and feeling for the Blocke shee sayde where is it where is it One of the standers by guyded hir therevnto and shee layde downe hir heade vppon the Blocke and then stretched foorth hir bodye and sayde Lorde into thy handes I commende my spirite and so finished hir lyfe in thys yeare of our Lorde one thousande fiue hundred fiftie and foure the twelfth daye of Februarie The same day a little before this yong Ladyes execution the Lorde Guylforde hir husbande who was a very comely tall Gentleman being executed on the skaffold at the Tower hill as afore is sayde his dead carkasse lying in a cart in straw was again brought into the tower at y e same instant y t the lady Iane went to hir death within the Tower before hir face whiche miserable sight was to hir a double sorrow and grief Thus as sayeth Maister Foxe was beheaded the Ladie Iane and with hir also the Lorde Guilford hir husband one of the D. of NorthuÌ„berlands sonnes two inuocents in comparison of them that satte vpon them for they did but ignorantly accept that which the others had wyllingly deuised by open Proclamation consented to take from others and giue to them And verily howe vnwilling shee was to take it vppon hir there are yet luring that can testifie Iudge Morgan that gaue the sentence ogainst hir shortly after fell mad and in hys rauing cryed continuallye to haue the Ladie Iane taken away from him and so ended his life Vpon Saterday being the .xvij. of Februarye the Duke of Suffolke was arraigned at Westminster Earle â—â— Duke of â—â—ke and there coÌ„demned to die by his Peeres the Earle of Arundell being that day chiefe Iudge Where some haue written that hee shoulde at his laste going downe into the Countrey make Proclamation in his daughters name that is not so for where as he stoode by in Leicoster when by his commaundement the Proclamation was there made against the Queenes maryage with the Prince of Spain c. Maister Damport then Maior of that towne saide to him My Lorde I trust your grace meaneth no hurt to the Queenes Maiestie no saith he M. Maior laying his hande on his sword he that would hir any hurt I wold this sword were through his heart for shee is the mercifullest prince as I haue truely founde hir y t euer raigned in whose defence I am and will be readie to die at hir foote â—â—xe On Monday the .xix. of Februarie the Lorde Cobhams three sonnes and four other meÌ„ were brought to Westminster the yongest of the Cobhams to witte maister Thomas Cobham was condemned with the other four men but the other two Cobhams came not to the bâ—â—re Vppon the Wednesday the .xxj. of Februarie the Lord Thomas Gray that had bene taken as before ye haue heard in Wales was brought togither with sir Iames Croft through London to the tower by a number of horsemen Then the duke kneeled vppon his knees and saide the Psalme Miserere mei Deus vnto the end belong vp his hands and loking vp to heauen And when he had ended the Psalme be said In manus tunt domine commendo spiritum meum Then he arose and stoode vp and deliuered his cap and
to West mynster and there arraigned of high treason the Earle of Sussex sir Edwarde Hastings and sir Thomas Cornewallis with other being his Iudges The effect of whose Inditement among other things specially was that hee the fourtenth day of Februarie last before with force of armed multitude and Ensignes displayed hadde at Braynforde raysed open warres agaynst oure soueraigne Ladie the Queene trayterously pretending and practising to depryue hir of hir Crowne and dignitie and the question was demaunded of him whether he was guiltie or no Wheâ—â—â— hee stayed and besought the Iudges that he myght fyrst asked question before hee aunswerde directly to the poynt and hee 〈◊〉 〈…〉 doe The question was â—â— if hee shoulde confesse himselfe guiltye wheâ—â— the saâ—â— shoulde not bee preiuditiall vnto hym so aâ—â— by that confession shoulde bee barred from 〈◊〉 suche thinges as hee hadde more to say Wherevnto it was answered by the Court Maister Wyat say do they yee shall haue both leaue do â—â— to say what you can Then my Lordes quoth â—â—e I muste confesse my selfe guiltie and in the ende the truth of my case must enforce me I must acknowledge this to be a iust plague for my sonnes which most grieuously I therefore haue committed against God who suffered me thus brutely and hastly to fall in to this horrible offence of the law wherfore aly on lords and gentlemen with other hee present note well my wordesâ—â—o here and set in me the same ende which all other commonly had which haue attempted lyke enterprise from the beginning â–ª for pervse the Chronicles through and you shall see that neuer Rebellion attempted by subiectes agaynst theyr Prince and Countrey from the begynning did euer prosper or had better successe except the case of King Henrie the fourth who although he became a Prince yet in hys acte was but a Rebell for so must I call him and though he prepayled for a tyme yet was it not long but that his heyres were depryued and those that had right agayne restored to the kingdome and Crowne and the vsurpation so sharply reuenged afterwarde in his bloud as it well appeared that the long delay of Gods vengeaunce was supplyed with more grieuous plague in the thirde and fourth generation For the loue of God all you Gentlemen that bee here present remember and bee taught as well by examples past as also by this my present infalicitie moste wretched case Oh most miserable mischieuous brutishe and beastlye furious ymaginations of mine I was perswaded that by the maryage of the Prince of Spaine the seconde person of thys Realme and next heyre to the Crowne shoulde haue beene in daunger and that I being a free borne man should with my Countrey haue beene brought into the bondage and seruitude of Aliens and straungers Which brutishe beastlye opinion then seemed to mee reason and wrought in mee suche effectes that it ledde mee headlong into the practise of thys detestable cryme of Treason But nowe beeyng better perswaded and vnderstanding the great commoditye and honour whiche the Realme should receyue by this maryage I stande firme and fast in this opinion that if it shoulde please the Queene to be mercifull vnto me thereis no subiect in this lande that shoulde more â—â—aly and faythfully serue hir highnesse than I shall nor no sooner die at hir graces ferte in defence of hir quarell I serued hir highnesse agaynst the Duke of Northumberlande as my Lorde of Arundell can witnesse my Grandfather serued moste truely hir Graces grandfather and for his sake was vpon the â—…alke in the Tower My father also serued King Henrie the eight to his good comentation and I also serued him and King Edwarde hys sonne in witnesse of my bloud spent in his seruice I carie a name I alledge not all this to set forth my seruice by way of merit which I coÌ„fesse but dutie but to declare to the whole worlde that by abusing my wittes in pursuing my misaduised opinion I haue not onely ouerthrowne my house and defaced all the well doinges of mee and my Auncestours if euer there were anye but also haue bene the cause of mine owne death and destruction Neither do I alledge this to iustifie my selfe in any poynt neither for an excuse of mine offence but most humbly submit my selfe to the Queenes Maiesties mercie and pitie desiring you my Lorde of Sussex and you maister Hastings with all y e rest of this honorable bench to bee meanes to the Queenes highnesse for hir mercie which is the greatest treasure that may be giuen to any Prince from God such a vertue as God hath appropriate to himselfe which if hir highnesse vouchsafe to extende vnto me she shall bestow it on him who shall be most glad to serue truly and not refuse to die in hir quarell for I protest before the iudge of all iudges I neuer ment hurt agaynst hir highnesse person Then sayde the Queenes attourney master Wyat ye haue great cause to be sorie and repeat for your fault whereby you haue not onely vndone your selfe and your house but also a number of other gentlemeÌ„ who being true men might haue serued theyr Prince and Countrey yet if you had gone no further it might haue beene borne withall the better But being not so contented to stay your selfe you haue so procured the Duke of Suffolke a man soone trayned to your purpose and his two brethren also by meanes whereof without the Queenes greater mercie you haue ouerthrowne that noble house and yet not so stayed your attempt hath reached as in you lay to the seconde person of the Realme in whome next to the Queenes highnesse resteth all our hope and comfort whereby hir honour is brought in question and what daunger will follow and to what ende it will come God knoweth of all this you are the authour Wyats aunswere Wyat answered as I will not in any thing iustifie my selfe so I beseech you I being in thys wretched estate not to ouercharge mee nor to make me seeme to be that I am not I 〈◊〉 to touch any person by maine but that I haue writteÌ„ I haue written The Iudge Then sayde the Iudge maister Wiat maister Attorney hath well moued you to repeat your offences and we for our partes withe you the same Then sayde Sir Edwarde Hastings maister of the Queenes horse Sir Edwarde Hasting maister Wiat doe you remember when I and master Cornwallis were sent vnto you from the Queenes highnesse to demaund the cause of your enterprise what you required were not these your demaunded that the Queenes grace shoulde go to the town and there remayne and you to haue the rule of the tower and hir person with the treasure in keeping and such of hir counsaile as you woulde require to be deliuered into your hands saying that you woulde bee trusted and not trust Whiche woordes when Wyat had confessed then sayde the Queenes Solicitor Maister Cordall now maâ—…ster of the
know the trueth neyther the L. Tho. Grey hath sayd can say or wil say any thing against me notwithstanding y e D. his brothers confessions accusation who hathe affirmed manye other things besides the trueth I speake not without certaine knowlege for y e L. Tho. Grey being in prison fellow for a small time informed one y t the D. his brother had misreported him in many things amongst other in matters touching me which he had declared to 〈◊〉 M. Southwell other the realmnors not long age I am sure of y e L. Tho. could or would haue said any thing it should haue him here now And as to y e dukes confession it is not material for he doth referre the matter to the L. Thomas report who hath made my purgatiō The attorney And it please you my Lordes and you my maisters of the Iury besides these matters touching Wiats Reliegion sir Peter Caroes treasons confederating w t the D. of Saffolke and besides y e prisoners conspiracie with the Earle of Deuon with Croftes Rogers Warner sundry others in sundrye places it shall manifestly appeare vnto you y e Throckmor did conspire y e Queenes Maiesties death with William Thomas sir Nicholas Arnold other traitors intēding y e same which is y e greatest matter of all others and most to be abhorted and for the proofe heere of you shall heare Wiat Arnold sayth Thē was sir Nicholas Arnolds confession redde affirming that Throckmor shewed vnto him riding betwixt Hiuam Crosse Laund in Glocester shire that Iohn Fitz Williams was verye much displeased with William Thomas Thattorney William Thomas deuised that Iohn Fitz Williās should kyll the Queene Throckmor knew of it as appeareth by Arnolds confession Throckmor First I denie that I saide anye suche thing to M. Arnold and though he be an honest man he may either forget himself or deuise meanes how to vnburthen himselfe of so weightie a matter as this is for he is charged with the mater as principall which I did perceiue whē he charged mee with his tale and therefore I do blame him the lesse that he seeketh how to discharge himself vsing me as a witnes if he coulde so transferre the deuise to Wil. Thomas But truely I neuer spake anye suche wordes vnto him and for my better declaration I did see Iohn Fitz Williams here euen now who can testifie that he neuer shewed me of any displeasure betwixt them as I know nothing of the displeasure betwixt thē so I know nothing of the cause I pray you my Lordes let him bee called to depose in thys matter what hee can Then Iohn Fitz Williams drew to the barre and presented himselfe to depose his knowledge in the mater in opē court Thattorney I pray you my Lordes suffer him not to be sworne neither to speake we haue nothing to do with him Throckmor Why shoulde hee not bee suffered to tell truthe and why bee yee not so well contented to heare troth for mee as vntroth againste me Hare Who called you hither Fitzwilliams or cōmaunded you to speake you are a verye busie officer Throckmor I called him and doe humbly desire that hee may speake and be heard as well as Vaughan or else I am not indifferently vsed specially seeing maister Atturney doth so presse this matter against me Southwell Goe youre wayes Fitzwilliams the Courte hath nothing to doe with you Peraduenture you woulde not bee so readie in a good cause Then Iohn Fitzwyllyams departed the Courte and was not suffered to speake Throckmor Since this Gentlemans declaration maye not bee admitted I trust you of the Iurie can perceyue it was not for anye thing hee had to say against me But contrariwise that it was feared he woulde speake for mee And nowe to maister Arnoldes depositions against me I say I did not tell him anye such wordes so as if it were material there is but his yea and my nay But bicause the wordes be not sore strayned against me I praye you maister Atturney why might not I haue tolde maister Arnolde that Iohn Fitzwilliams was angrie with William Thomas and yet knowe no cause of the anger it might be vnderstande to disagree oftentimes Who doth confesse that I knowe any thing of William Thomas deuise touching the Quenes death I will aunswere no man For maister Arnolde doth mention no worde of that matter but of the displeasures betwixte them And to speake that dothe neyther prooue treason nor knoweledge of treason Is here all the euidence againste mee that you haue to bring mee within the compasse of the inditement Stanforde Me thinke the matters confessed by others against you togither with your owne confession will weye shrewdlye But howe saye you to the rising in Kent and to Wiats attempte againste the Queenes royall person at hir Pallace Bromley Why doe you not reade Wiats accusation to him whiche dothe make him partener to his treasons Southwell Wiat hath grieuouslye accused you and in manye thinges that others haue confirmed Throckmor Whatsoeuer Wiat hath saide of me in hope of his life he vnsayde it at his death For since I came into this hall I hearde one saye but I knowe him not that Wiat vppon the seaffolde didde not onelye purge my Ladie Elizabeth hir Grace and the Earle of Deuonshire but also all the Gentlemen in the Tower saying they were all ignoraunt of the sturre and Commotion In whiche number I take my selfe Hare Notwithstanding he saide all that hee had written and confessed to the Counsayle was true Throckmor Nay Sir by your pacience maister Wiat sayde not so that was maister Doctors addicion Southwell It appeareth you haue hadde good intelligence Throckmor Almightie God prouided that reuelation for mee this daye since I came hither for I haue bene in close prison these lviij dayes where I hearde nothing but what the Birdes tolde mee which did flie ouer my heade And nowe to you of my Iurie I speake speciallye whome I desire to marke attentiuely what shall be sayde I haue bene indited as it appeareth and nowe am arreigned of compassing the Queenes maiesties death of leuying warre againste the Queene of taking the tower of London of deposing and depriuing the Queene of hir Royall estate and finally to destroy hir and of adherence to the Queenes enimies Of all whiche treasons to proue mee guiltie the Queenes learned Counsayle hath giuen in euidence these pointes materiall That is to saye for the compassing or imagining the Queenes death and the destruction of hir Royall person Sir Nicholas Arnoldes depositions whiche is that I shoulde saye to the sayde Sir Nicholas in Glocestershire that maister Iohn Fitzwilliams was angrie with William Thomas Wherevnto I haue aunswered as you haue hearde bothe denying the matter and for the proofe on my side doe take exceptions bicause there is no witnesse but one And neuerthelesse thoughe it were graunted the depositions proue nothing concerning the Queenes death For leuying of warre against the
hym as then was supposed what the matters shoulde be And as for the tyme it was thought meete to bee as soone as possible myght bee agreed vpon And then after certaine dayes past it was signifyed by the sayde Archbishoppe that there was appoynted by suche of the Byshoppes to whome hee hadde imparted this matter eight persones that is to saye foure Byshoppes and foure Doctours who were content at the Queenes Maiesties commaundement to shewe theyr opinions and as he tearmed it render accounte of theyr fayth in those matters whiche were mentioned and that specially in wryting although he sayd they thought the same so determined as there was no cause to dispute vpon them It was herevppon fullye resolued by the Queenes Maiestie with the aduice aforesayde that according to theyr desyre it shoulde bee in wryting on both partes for auoyding of muche altercation in woordes and that the sayde Byshoppes shoulde bycause they were in authoritie of degree Superiours fyrste declare theyr myndes and opinions to the matter with theyr reasons in wryting and the other number beeing also eyght menne of good degree in Schooles and some hauing beene in dignitie in the Churche of Englande if they had any thing to say to the contrarie shoulde the same day declare theyr opinions in lyke manner And so eche of them shoulde delyuer theyr Wrytings to the other to be consydered what were to bee improoued therein and the same to declare agayne in wryting at some other conuenient daye and the lyke order to bee kept in all the rest of the matters all this was fully agreed vpon with the Archbishop of Yorke and so also signifyed to both partyes And immediately herevpon diuerse of the Nobilitie and States of the Realme vnderstanding that such a meeting and conference shoulde bee and that in certayne matters wherevpon the Courte of Parliament consequentlye following some lawes myght bee grounded they made earnest meanes to hir Maiestie that the partyes of thys conference myghte putte and reade theyr assertions in the Englishe tongue and that in the presence of them of the Nobilitie and others of the Parliament house for the better satisfaction and inhabling of theyr owne Iudgementes to treate and conclude of such lawes as myght depende herevpon Thys also beeing thought verie reasonable was signifyed to both partyes and so fully agreed vppon and the daye appoynted for the first meeting to bee the Fryday in the forenoone being the last of Marche at Westmynster Church where both for good order and for honour of the conference by the Queenes Maiesties commaundement the Lordes and others of the priuye Counsayle were present and a great part of the Nobilitie also and notwythstanding the former order appoynted and consented vnto by both partes yet the Bishoppe of Wynchester and his Colleges alleging they had mystaken that theyr assertions and reasons should be written and so onely recyted out of the Booke sayde theyr booke was not readie then written but they were readie to argue and dispute and therefore they woulde for that tyme repeate in speache that which they had to say to the fyrst proposition This variation from the order and specially from that whiche themselues had by the sayde Archbishoppe in wryting before requyred adding thereto the reason of the Apostle that to contende wyth wordes is profitable to nothing but to subuersion of the hearer seemed to the Queenes Maiesties Counsayle somewhat straunge and yet was it permytted wythoute any greate reprehension bycause they excused themselues with mistaking the order and agreed that they would not fayle but put it in writing according to the former order deliuer it to the other part and so the sayd Bishop of Wynchester and his Colleges appointed Doctor Cole Deane of Paules to be the vtterer of theyr myndes who partlye by speeche onely and partlye by reading of authorities written and at certayne tymes beeyng infourmed of hys Collegees what to saye made a declaration of theyr meanings and theyr reasons to theyr fyrst proposition which beeing ended they were asked by the priuie Counsaile if any of them had any more to be sayde and they sayde no. So as then the other parte was lycenced to shewe theyr myndes which they did according to the first order exhibiting all that whiche they mente to bee propounde in a Booke written which after a prayer and inuocation made most humbly to Almightie God for the enduing of them wyth hys holy spirite and a protestation also to stande to the Doctrine of the Catholike Church buylded vpon the Scriptures and the doctrine of the Prophetes and the Apostles was distinctly read by one Robert Horne Bachelour in Diuinitie late Deane of Duresme And the same beeing ended wyth some likelyhoode as it seemed that the same was muche allowable to the audience certaine of the Bishoppes began to saye contrarie to their former answere that they had nowe muche more to say to this matter wherein although they myght haue beene well reprehended for such manner of cauillation yet for auoyding of any mistaking of orders in thys colloquie or conference and for that they should vtter all that which they had to say It was both ordered and thus openlye agreed vppon of both partes in the full audience that vpon the Monday following the Bishops shoulde bring theyr myndes and reasons in wryting to the seconde assertion and the last also if they coulde and first reade the same and that done the other parte shoulde bring likewise theyrs to the same And being read eche of them shoulde deliuer to other the same wrytings And in the meane tyme the Bishops should put in writing not onely al that which Doctour Cole had that day vttered but all suche other matters as they anye otherwise coulde thinke of for the same and as soone as they might possible to sende the same booke touching that first assertion to the other part and they shoulde receyue of them that wryting which Maister Horne had there read that day and vpon Monday it shoulde be agreed what day they shoulde exhibite their aunswers touching the first proposition Thus both partes assented thereto and the assemblie quietly dismissed And therefore vpon Monday the like assembly beganne againe at the place and houre appoynted and there vpon what sinister or disordered meaning is not yet fully knowne though in some part it be vnderstanded the Bishop of Winchester and his Colleages and especially Lyncolne refused to exhibite or reade according to the former notorious order on Fryday that whiche they had prepared for the seconde assertion And therevppon by the Lorde keeper of the great Seale they being first gentlye and fauourably requyred to keepe the order appoynted and that taking no place bring secondly as it behoued pressed with more earnest request they neyther regarding the authoritie of that place nor theyr owne reputation nor the credite of the cause vtterly refused that to doe And finally being againe particularly euerie of them a parte distinctly by name requyred to vnderstande theyr
theyr baggage Erle of Worcester robbed on the sea and three or foure of theyr men slaine In Fraunce he and his trayne were honourablye receyued At the Christning hee gaue the childe to name Elizabeth They returned into England the seuē and twentith of Februarie In the Moneth of Februarie through sundrie heynous cōplaints brought to the Queenes Maiestie and hir Counsaile of Pirats that kept the narrow Seas doing many robberies The narrow seas scoured as also the robbing of the Earle of Worcester as is aforesayde hir highnesse by the aduise of hir honourable counsaile tooke order with the Lord Admirall of England that he should send to the seas shippes and men to scowre the narrow seas and to apprehende so many Pyrates shippes as might be mette with And for the better doing thereof it pleased hir Maiestie to sende one of hir owne shippes named the Swallowe to bee the Admirall vnder the charge of William Holstock of London Esquire controller of hir highnesse shippes who had with him the Gyllian the Barke Garet and the Barke of Yarmouth and three hundred .lx. able Mariners Gunners and souldiours in the sayde three ships and one bark which scoured the narrow sea from the North forelande as farre Westwarde as Falmouth in Cornwall and tooke .xx. shippes and barkes of sundrie Nations videlicet Englishe Frenche Pirates on the west seas and Flemings but all Pirates and in fashion of warre He apprehended in those shippes and barkes to the number of .ix. hundred men of all nations and sent them to warde to Sandwich Pirates executed Douer Wight and Portsmouth wherof three of them that robbed the Erle of Worcester were shortly after executed at Wight Also the sayde William Holstocke did rescue and take from the abouesayd Pirates shippes xv other marchant ships laden with marchandises that were theyr pryses being of sundrie Nations and set at libertie the said .xv. Marchant shippes and goods which done he returned to Portesmouth and there ended his voyage in March The fourth of March A man hanged in S. Georges fielde a man was hanged in chaynes in S. Georges fielde beyonde Southwarke of London for murthering the Gaylour of Horsham in the same field The .xvij. of March Erle of Kent deceased deceased Reynald Gray of Ruthen Erle of Kent at Hernesey and was buryed at Saint Giles withoute Creplegate Aboute the same tyme dyed Edmonde Lorde Chandos The .xxv. of Marche being Wednesday in Easter weke George Saunders murthered at Shooters hill and the feast of the Annunciation of our Ladie George Browne cruelly murthered two honest men neare to Shooters hill in Kent the one of them was a wealthie Marchant of London named George Saunders the other Iohn Beane of Woolwich whiche murther was commytted in manner as followeth On Tuesday in Easter Weeke the .xxiiij. of Marche the sayde George Browne receyuing secrete intelligence by letter from Mistresse Anne Drurie that Maister Saunders shoulde lodge the same night at the house of one Maister Barnes in Woolwich and from thence goe on foote to Saint Mary Cray The next morning he lay in waite for him by the way a little from Shooters hill and there slue both him and Iohn Bean seruant to maister Barnes but Iohn Bean hauing .x. or .xj. woundes and being left for dead by Gods prouidence did reuine againe and creeping awaye on all foure was founde by an olde man and his Maiden and conueyed to Woolwich where hee gaue euident markes of the Murtherer Immediately vpon the deed doing Browne sent Mystresse Drurie worde thereof by Roger Clement among them called trustie Roger hee himself repayred forthwith to y e court at Greenwich anon after him came thither the report of the murther also Then departed he thence vnto London and came to the house of Mystresse Drurie where though hee spake not personallye with hir after conference had with hir seruaunt trustie Roger she prouided him .xx. pounde that same day for the which she layde certaine plate of hir owne and of Mistresse Sanders to gage On the next morning being Thursday hauing intelligence that Browne was sought for they sent him sixe poundes more by the same Roger warning him to shift for himself by flight which thing he for slowed not to doe neuerthelesse the Lordes of the Queenes Maiesties Counsaile caused so speedie and narrow search to bee made for him that vpon the .xxviij. of the same Moneth he was apprehended in a mans house of his owne name at Rochester and beeing brought backe againe to the Court was examined by the Counsaile vnto whom he confessed the deed as you haue heard and that hee had oftentymes before pretended and sought to doe the same by the instigation of the said mystresse Drurie who had promised to make a maryage betweene him and mystresse Saunders whome hee seemed to loue excessiuely neuertheles he protested though vntruly that mystresse Sanders was not priuy nor consenting therevnto Vpon his confession he was arraigned at the kings Bench in Westminster Hall the .xviij. of Aprill where he acknowledged himselfe guiltie and was condemned as principall of the murther according to which sentence he was executed in Smithfielde on Monday the .xx. of Aprill at which time also vntruly as she hirselfe confessed afterward he laboured by all meanes to cleare mistresse Sanders of committing euill of hir bodie with him George Brow hanged in Smithfield and then flung himselfe besydes the ladder Hee was after hanged vp in Chaynes neare vnto the place where he had done the fact In the meane time mistresse Drurie and hir man being examined as well by their own confessions as by falling out of the matter and also by Brownes appeachment thought culpable were committed to warde And after mistresse Saunders being deliuered of childe and churched for at the tyme of hir husbandes death she looked presently to he down was vpon mistresse Druries mans confession and other great likelihoodes likewise committed to the Tower and on Wednesday the sixt of May arraigned with mistresse Drurie at the Guildhall The effect of whose inditement was that they by a Letter written had beene procurers of the sayde murther and knowing the murther done had by money and otherwyse relieued the murtherer whervnto they pleaded not giltie Anne Sanders Anne Drurie trustie Roger hanged Howbeit they were both condemned as accessaries to maister Sanders death and executed in Smithfield the .xiij. of May beeing Wednesday in the Whitsunweeke at which time they both confessed themselues guiltie of the fact Trustie Roger mystresse Druries man was arraigned on Fryday the .viij. of May and being there condemned as accessarie was executed with his mistresse at the time and place aforesayd Not long after Anthonye Browne hanged at Yorke Anthonie Browne brother to the forenamed George Browne was for notable felonies conueyd from Newgate to York and there hanged The .x. of Aprill seuen pyrates Pirate hanged at Wapping which among other had beene taken on the
knightes templers receyued and enterteyned by King Henrie the seconde 401.23 Theobalde Archbishop of Canterburie for feare of King Stephen and his son fleeth the realme 386.3 Thorney Abbey establyshed 234.9 Thomas depriued of hys Archbishoprike and why 30â—… 29 Theodore ordeyned Archbishop of Canterburie 178 35. Thamar an Englishman ordeined Bishop of Rochester 170.36 Three knightes templers banished France for deliuering vp certaine castels to king Henrye the second 401.22 Theft punished 23.65 Theophilus cited 2.10 and 4.70 Thanes that is to say gentlemen of honor 272.76 Theomantius yongest son to Lud created king of Britaine 45.90 Theodora daughter in law to Herculeus Maximianus maryed to Constantius 89.30 Theobald Erle of Champaigne maketh war vpon the Frenchmen 354.108 Theodosius the Emperour fleath Maximanus in Italie 96.14 Theodosius sent into Britayne wyth an armye 103.110 Theodosius putteth the enimies to flight and restoreth the land of Brytain to quietnesse 104.37 Theodosius returneth out of Brytaine to the Emperours Court 105.79 Theodosius made maister of the horse 105.82 Theodosius called to be associate with Gracianus in the Empire 105. â—…3 Thomas Chaplayne too King Henrie the first made Archbishoppe of Yorke â—…48 12 Thomas refuseth to come too Canterburie too bee consecrated 348.65 Thomas suspended from exercising all pastorall function 348.52 Thom. son to Samson Bi. of worceter 350.21 Thrustain succeedeth Th. in the Archbishoprike of Yorke 352.9 Thrustain contendeth with Raufe Archbishoppe of Canterburie aboute the right and title of the Primacie 352.12 Thom. consecrated Archb. of Yorke 350.65 Thomas receyueth the pal at Yorke 350.101 Thunnir a cruell murtherer in Kent 180.102 Thomas Archb. of yorke departeth out of this traÌ„sitorie life 341.115 Three Monks come to restore religion in NorthuÌ„berland 307.95 Thomas Archbishoppe of Yorke 336.55 Thomas Chanon of Bayeux made Archbishop of Yorke 305.11 Theodoretus cited 53.21 and. 90.48 Theis riuer 128.65 Thurstane Abbot of Glastenburie 313.1 Thurstane depriued for his great disorder 313.25 Thurstane restored againe by king Rufus for money 313.33 Thanks giuen publikely at Rome for the reconciliatioÌ„ of the English Churche vntoo the Churche of Rome 1â—…6â—… 1 Theobald Archb. of Canterburie departeth ouer sea without licence of the king 382 1â—… Theobald Archb. constrayned by the king to depart the realme 382 Thirlbie Bishop of Elie sent Ambassador vntoo Rome 1763.40 Three horses slaine vnder duke william of NormaÌ„die in the battaile at Hasting 287.28 Thomas succeedeth Felix in the Bishoprike of the Eastangles 171.45 Thomas B. of the Eastangles dieth 172.47 Thrustane created Archebishoppe by the Popes owne handes 355 9â—… Thrustane restored vntoo his Archbishoprike vpon condition 358.44 Tholous countrey spoyled by king Henrie the second 199.33 Theeues vtterly abolished 162.86 Theodore Archb. of Canterburie dieth 187.26 Theobalde Archbishop of Canterburie departeth this life 401.27 Three circles seene aboute the Sunne 402.14 Theis riuer 518.31 Thom. son to K. Edwarde the third borne 949.22 a Theodorus Erle of Flanders going to Ierusalem coÌ„mitteth his son lands to the custodie of Henrie the second king of Englande 397. â—…5 Thom. a Bourgh knight 1321.56.1329.16 Thomas Dimocke knight tooke Sanctuarie 1322. 7. beheaded col 2.6 Thomas de Laund knight taken 1322.38 Thomas Lorde Stanley 1222.54 Thomas Coniers recorder of Yorke 1328.48 Thames ouerfloweth by meanes of great raine doth much harme within the citie of LoÌ„doÌ„ 780.46 Tholous erledom engaged and forfeited to Reimond erle of S. Giles 398.77 Tholous Earledome giuen in dowery with Constance to Eustace sonne to king Stephen 398.96 Thetforde taken by the Danes 211.20 Thamworth town 222.37 Theodbaldus brother too Egelfred slaine 153.44 Thurst william Abbot of Fountaines put to death 1â—…76 13 Thorsbye Iohn made Archb. of Yorke 944.1 a Tilwall towne builded 222.75 Three hundred Markes yearely too bee sent too Rome 207.55 Thomas Mountgomerie knight pa. 13â—…9 co 1. li. 17 Thomas Courtney Earle of Deuonshire pag. 133â—… co 2. lin 38. slain pa. 1339 col 2. lin â—…4 Theisedale wasted by the Scottes â—…06 115 Thomas Triuet knight slaine with a fall 1074. 44. a. Thames so lowe that men might wade through LoÌ„don bridge 353.24 Thunder bolt lighteth betwene the kings of England and France as they be talking 471.11 ThrockmortoÌ„ executed for treason 1766. â—… Thankes giuen publikely to God for the battail of Stoke 1431.45 and for the victorie of the King of Spaine gotten of the Sarasins 1438.30 Thanes toroughly 〈◊〉 out of the Realme of Englande 316. â—â— Thomas Neuill Knight Lord Furniual pa. 1119 col 2. lin 56. Thom. Erpingham knight Lord great chamberlain pa. 1119. col 2. lin 34. Thomas Dimocke champion at Coronation pag. 1120. col 1. lin 44. Thomas Percie Earle of worcester pag. 11â—…5 col 2. li. 34. sent into Gascoin pag. 1130. col 2. lin 52. Thomas Gray knight pa. 1125. col 2. lin 43. Thomas Mowbrey duke of Norffolk died at Venice pa. 1125. co 2. lin 53 Thomas Holland Erle of Kent beheaded at Circiter pag. 1128. col 2. li. 33 Thomas Rainston knight taken by French pa. 1152 col 1. lin 43. drowned pag. ibid. col 2. lin 55. Thomas Beauchamp erle of warwike pag. 1119. col 2. lin 43. Thomas erle of Arundell pag. 1120. col 1. lin 2â—… The Tressham knight beheaded pa. 1340. co 2. li. 21 Thom. Oâ—…uill bastarde son to Th. lord FaucoÌ„bridge bringeth an armye before LoÌ„doÌ„ pa. 1341. col 1. li. 47. Thomas Rotheram archbishop of York pag. â—â—45 col 1. lin 54. Thomas Vaughan knight beheaded at Pomfroc pa. 1362. col 1. lin 36. Tho. lord Stanley wounded pa. 1375. col 1. lin â—â— Thom. Cooke Aldeâ—â—â— pag. 1381. col 1. lin 21. Thomas Fitz william recorder of London pag. 1383. col 1. lin 14. Thomas Lorde Marques Dorset the Neâ—â— son pag. 1358 col 2. lin 4â—… Thom. lord Haward created duke of Norffolke pa. 1â—â—â— col 1 lin â—…4 Tho. Haward knight created Erle of Surrey pag. 1386. co 2. lin â—…5 pa. 1415 co 2. li. 27. p. 147. c â—â—â— 1415 Thomas Lorde Stanley pag. 1411. col 2. lin â—… pa. 141â—… col 1. lin 42. Thom. Seâ—â—eger knight maryed the Dutches of Exeter executed pag. 1405. col 2. lin 5. Thomas Ram executed at Exceter pag. 1405. col 2 lin 7. Tho. Rotheram Archb. of Yorke pag. 1387. co 1. li. 7 pag. 1410. col 2. lin 48 Thomas Marques Dorset 1401 col 2. li. 43. pag. 1402. col 2. li. 18. pa. 1410 co 1. li. 36. pag. 14012. co 2 li. 39 p. 1413. co 1. li 22 Thomas Louell knight pag. 1401. col 2. lin 40. Thomas Southwel priest 1262. co 1. li. 55. co 2. li. 14 Thomas Kitiel knight pa. 1276. col 1. lin 23. beheaded pa. 135. col 2. lin 4. Tho. Burselier Archdi of Cant. pa. 1290 col 2. lin 4 Thom. Thorpe lord chiefe baron pa. 1288. col 1. li. 27 committed too the tower 1300. col 1. li. 26. beheaded pag. 1305. Th. Neuil knight pa. 1292 col 2. lin 31. wounded and appreheÌ„ded 1295. co 2. li. 58
imperted vvhat I could learne and craue that it may be takē in good part My speech is playne vvithout any Rethoricall shevve of Eloquence hauing rather a regarde to simple truth than to decking vvordes I vvishe I had bene furnished vvith so perfect instructions and so many good gifts that I might haue pleased all kindes of men but that same being so rare a thing in any one of the best I beseech thee gentle Reader not to looke for it in me the meanest But novv for thy further instruction to vnderstand the course of these my labors First cōcerning the Historie of Englād as I haue collected the same out of many and sundry Authours in vvhome vvhat contrarietie negligence and rashnesse somtime is founde in their reportes I leaue to the discretion of those that haue perused theyr vvorkes for my parte I haue in things doubtfull rather chosen to shevve the diuersitie of their vvritings than by ouer ruling them and vsing a peremptory censure to frame them to agree to my liking leauing it neuerthelesse to eche mans iudgement to controlle thē as he seeth cause If some vvhere I shevv my fancie vvhat I thinke and that the same dislyke them I craue pardon specially if by probable reasons or playner matter to be produced they can shevv mine errour vpō knovvledge vvherof I shal be ready to reforme it accordingly VVhere I do beginne the Historie from the first inhabitation of this Isle I looke not to content eche mans opinion concerning the originall of them that first peopled it and no maruell for in matters so vncertayne if I can not sufficiently content my selfe as in deede I cannot I knovve not hovv I should satisfie others That vvhiche seemeth to me most likely I haue noted beseeching the learned as I trust they vvill in such pointes of doubtfull antiquities to beare vvith my skill Sith for ought I knovv the matter is not yet decided among the learned but still they are in controuersie about it Et adhuc sub iudice lis est VVell hovv soeuer it came first to be inhabited likely it is that at the first the vvhole Isle vvas vnder one Prince and Gouernour though aftervvardes and long peraduenture before the Romaines set any foote vvithin it the Monarchie thereof vvas broken euen vvhen the multitude of the inhabitants grevv to bee great and ambition entred amongst them vvhich hath brought so many good policies and states to ruyne and decay The Romaines hauing ones got possession of the continent that faceth this Isle coulde not rest as it appeareth till they had brought the same also vnder theyr subiection and the sooner doubtlesse by reason of the factions amongst the Princes of the lande vvhiche the Romaynes through their accustomed skill coulde turne very vvell to their moste aduauntage They possessed it almoste fiue hundreth yeares and longer might haue done if eyther their insufferable tiranny had not taken avvay from them the loue of the people asvvell here as elsvvhere either that their ciuill discorde aboute the chopping and chaunging of their Emperours had not so vveakened the forces of their Empire that they vvere not able to defende the same against the impression of barbarous nations But as vvee may coniecture by that vvhiche is founde in Histories aboute that tyme in vvhiche the Romaine Empire beganne to decline this lande stoode in very vveake state being spoyled of the more parte of all hir able menne vvhiche vvere ledde avvay into forreine regions to supplie the Romayne armies and likevvise perhaps of all necessarie armour vveapon and treasure vvhiche being perceyued of the Saxons after they vvere receiued into the I le to ayde the Britons against the Scottes and Pictes then inuading the same ministred to them occasion to attempt the seconde conquest vvhiche at length they brought to passe to the ouerthrovv not onely of the Brittish dominion but also to the subuersion of the Christian religion here in this lande vvhiche chanced as appeareth by Gildas for the vvicked sinnes and vnthankefulnesse of the inhabitants tovvardes God the chiefe occasions and causes of the transmutations of kingdomes Nam propter peccata regna transmutantur à gente in gentem The Saxons obteyning possession of the lande gouerned the same being deuided into sundry kingdomes and hauing once subdued the Brytons or at the leastvvise remoued them out of the most parte of the Isle into odde corners and mountaynes fell at diuision among themselues and oftentimes vvith vvarre pursued eche other so as no perfect order of gouernement could be framed nor the Kings grovv to any great puissance eyther to moue vvarres abroade or sufficiently to defende themselues against forreyne forces at home as manifestly vvas perceyued vvhen the Danes and other the Northeasterne people being then of great puyssance by sea beganne miserably to afflict this lande at the first inuading as it vvere but onely the coastes and countreys lying neare to the sea but aftervvardes vvith mayne armies they entred into the middle partes of the lande and although the Englishe people at length came vnder one King and by that meanes vvere the better able to resist the enimies yet at length those Danes subdued the vvhole and had possessiō thereof for a time although not long but that the crovvne returned againe to those of the Saxon line till shortly after by the insolent dealings of the gouernours a deuision vvas made betvvixt the King and his people through iuste punishmente decreed by the prouidence of the Almightie determining for their sinnes and contempt of his lavves to deliuer them into the handes of a stranger and therevpon vvhen spite and enuie had brought the title in doubte to vvhom the right in succession apperteyned the Conquerour entred and they remayned a pray to him and his vvho plucked all the heades and chiefe in authoritie so clearely vp by the rootes as fevve or none of them in the ende vvas lefte to stande vp against him And herevvith altering the vvhole state hee planted lavves and ordinaunces as stoode moste for his auayle and suretie vvhich being after qualified vvith more milde and gentle lavves tooke suche effect that the state hath euer sithence continued vvhole and vnbroken by vvise and politike gouernement although disquieted sometime by ciuill dissention to the ruyne commonly of the firste mouers as by the sequele of the historie ye may see For the Historie of Scotlande I haue for the more parte follovved Hector Boete Iohannes Maior and Iouan Ferreri Piemontese so farre as they haue continued it interlaced sometimes vvith other Authours as Houeden Fourdon and such like although not often bicause I meante rather to deliuer vvhat I founde in their ovvne Histories extant than to correct them by others leauing that enterprice to their ovvne countrey men so that vvhat soeuer ye reade in the same consider that a Scottishman vvritte it and an English man hath but onely translated it into our language referring the Reader to the English Historie in all maters betvvixte vs and them
to be confronted therevvith as he seeth cause For the continuation thereof I vsed the like order in suche copies and notes as Maister VVolfe in his life time procured me sauing that in these laste yeares I haue inserted some notes as concerned matters of vvarre betvvixte vs and the Scottes bicause I gotte them not till that parte of the English Historie vvas paste the presse For Irelande I haue shevved in mine Epistle Dedicatorie in vvhat sorte and by vvhat helpes I haue proceeded therein onely this I forgotte to signifie that Giraldus Cambrensis and Flatsbury I had not till that parte of the Booke vvas vnder the presse and so being constreyned to make poste haste coulde not exemplifie out of them all that I vvished neither yet dispose it so orderly as had bene conuenient nor penne it vvith so apte vvordes as might satisfie either my selfe or those to vvhose vevve it is novv like to come And by reason of the like haste made in the Impression vvhere I vvas determined to haue transposed the moste parte of that vvhiche in the Englishe Historie I had noted concerning the Conqueste of Irelande by Henry the seconde out of Houeden and others I had not time thereto and so haue lefte it there remayning vvhere I firste noted it before I determined to make any particular collection of the Irishe Histories bicause the same commeth there vvell inough in place as to those that shall vouchsafe to turne the Booke it may appeare For the computation of the yeares of the vvorlde I hadde by Maister VVoulfes aduise follovved Functius but after his deceasse Maister VVilliam Harison made mee partaker of a Chronologie vvhiche hee had gathered and compiled vvith moste exquisite diligence follovvyng Gerardus Mercator and other late Chronologers and his ovvne obseruations according to the vvhiche I haue reformed the same As for the yeares of our Lorde and the Kings I haue sette them dovvne accordyng to suche Authours as seeme to bee of beste credite in that behalfe as I doubte not but to the learned and skilfull in Histories it shal appeare ▪ Moreouer this the Reader hath to consider that I do beginne the yeare at the natiuitie of our Lorde vvhiche is the surest order in my fantasie that can bee follovved For the names of persons tovvnes and places as I haue bene diligent to reforme the errours of other vvhich are to be ascribed more to the imperfect copies thā to the Authours so may it be that I haue somevvhere committed the like faultes either by negligence or vvant of skill to restore them to their full integritie as I vvished but vvhat I haue performed asvvell in that behalfe as others the skilful Reader shall easily perceyue and vvithal cōsider I trust vvhat trauel I haue bestovved to his behofe in these tvvo volumes crauing onely that in recompence thereof he vvill iudge the best and to make a frendly cōstruction of my meanings vvhere ought may seeme to haue escaped either my penne or the Printers presse othervvise than vve could haue vvished for his better satisfaction Many things being taken out as they lie in Authours may be thought to giue offence in time present vvhiche referred to the time past vvhen the Authour vvritte are not onely tollerable but also allovvable Therefore good Reader I beseech thee to vvay the causes and circumstances of such faultes and imperfections and consider that the like may creepe into a far lesse volume than this and shevv me so much fauour as hath bene shevved to others in like causes and sithēce I haue done my good vvil accept the same as I vvith a free and thākful minde do offer it thee so shall I thinke my labour vvell bestovved For the other Histories vvhiche are already collected if it please God to giue abilitie shall in time come to light vvith some such briefe descriptions of the forreyn regions vvhereof they treate as may the better suffise to the Readers contentation and vnderstanding of the maters conteyned in the same Histories reduced into abridgements out of their great volumes And thus I ceasse further to trouble thy pacience vvishing to thee gentle Reader so much profite as by reading may be had and as great cōfort as Goddes holy spirite may endue thee vvith FINIS ¶ The names of the Authours from whome this Historie of England is collected A. AElius Spartianus Aelius Lampridius Asserius Meneuensis Alfridus Beuerlacensis Aeneas Siluius Senensis Auentinus Adam Merimowth with additions Antoninus Archiepiscopus Florentinus Albertus Crantz Alexander Neuill Arnoldus Ferronius Annius Viterbiensis Amianus Marcellinus Alliances genealogiques des Roys Princes de France Annales D Aquitaine per Iean Bouchet Annales de Bourgoigne per Guilaume Paradin Annales de France per Nicol Giles Annales rerum Flandricarū per Iacobum Meir Antonius Sabellicus Antonius Nebricensis Aurea Historia B. BIblia Sacra Beda venerabilis Berosus Brian Tuke knight Blondus Forliuiensis Berdmondsey a Regester booke belonging to that house C. CAesars Commentaries Cornelius Tacitus Chronica Chronicarum Chronica de Dunstable a booke of Annales belōging to the Abbey there Chronicon Io. Tilij Chronica de Eyton an historie belonging to that colledge although compiled by some Northern-man as some suppose named Otherborne Chronicles of S. Albon Chronica de Abingdon a booke of Annales belongyng to that house Chronica de Teukesbury Claudianus Chronicon Genebrard Chroniques de Normandie Chroniques de Britaine Chronique de Flandres published by Denis Sauage Continuation de Historie Chronique de Flandres by the same Sauage Couper Cuspinianus Chronica Sancti Albani Caxtons Chronicles Carion with additions Crockesden a register booke belonging to a house of that name in Staffordshire D. DIodorus Siculus Dion Cassius Dominicus Marius Niger E. EDmerus Eusebius Eutropius Encomium Emmae an old Pamphlet written to hir conteyning much good matter for the vnderstanding of the state of this realme in hir time wherein hir prayse is not pretermitted and so hath obteyned by reason thereof that title Enguerant de Monstrellet Eulogium Edmond Campion F. FAbian Froissart Franciscus Tarapha Franciscus Petrarcha Flauius Vopiscus Siracusanus Floriacensis Vigorinensis G. GViciardini Francisco Guiciardini Ludouico Gildas Sapiens Galfridus Monemutensis aliàs Geffrey of Monmouth Giraldus Cambrensis Guilielmus Malmesburiensis Galfridus Vinsauf Guilielmus Nouoburgensis Guilielmus Thorne Gualterus Hemmingford aliàs Gisburnensis Geruasius Dorobernensis Geruasius Tilberiensis Guilielmus Gemeticensis de ducibus Normaniae Guilielmus Rishanger Guilielmus Lambert Georgius Lillie Guilamme Paradin H. HIginus Henricus Huntingtonensis Humfrey Lhuyd Henricus Leicestrensis Hector Boece Historie Daniou Histoira Ecclesiastica Magdeburgensis Henricus Mutius Historia quadripartita seu quadrilogium Hardings Chronicle Halles Chronicles Henricus Bradshaw Henricus Marleburgensis Herodianus I. IOhannes Bale Iohannes Leland Iacobus Philippus Bergomas Iulius Capitolinus Iulius Solinus Iohannes Pike with additions Iohannes Functius Iohn Price knight Iohannes Textor Iohannes Bodinus Iohannes Sleidan Iohannes Euersden a Monke of Bury Iohannes or rather Giouan villani a Florentine Iohannes Baptista
Straunge his heyre When king Richard was come to Boâ—… sente a pursuance 〈◊〉 the lorde Stanley commaundyng him â—…o â—…naunce forward with his compâ—… 〈◊〉 â—…me to his presence which thing if he refused to 〈…〉 t ware by Christes passions that he woulde â—…ryke off his sonnes head before hee dyneâ—… The Lorde Stanley answered the pursuant that the king did so he had more sonnes lyue and as to come to hym he was not then so determined When king Richarde hearde this an swete he commaunded the lorde Straunge incontinent to be â—…ded which was at that very same season when both the armies had sight eche of other The couÌ„saylors of king Richard poudering the time and cause knowing also the Lorde Straunge to be innoceÌ„t of his fathers offence persuading the K. that it was now tyme to fyght and not 〈◊〉 for execution aduising him to kepe the lord Strange as a prisoner till the battayle were ended then at leysure his pleasure myght be accomplished So as God wold king Richard brake his holy othe and the Lorde was deliuered to the kepers of the kinges Tentes to be kepte as a prisoner which when the fielde was done and theyr maister slaine and proclamation made to knowe where the chyld was they submitted themselues as prisoners to the Lorde Strange and he gently receiued them and brought them to the newe proclaymed King where of him and of his father hee was receued with great ioy and gladnesse After this the whole campe remoued wyth bagge and baggage and the same night in the Euening King Henry with great pompe came to the Towne of Leycester Where aswell for the reâ—…â—…ying of hys people and souldiours as for preparing all thyngs necessarie for his iourney towarde Londâ—… hee reste and reposed hym 〈◊〉 woo day 〈◊〉 the meane 〈…〉 deade 〈◊〉 of king Rycharde was as shamefully râ—…yed to the Towne of Leycester as he gorgiously the day before wyth â—…pe pryde departed out of the 〈◊〉 Towne For his body 〈◊〉 and dyspelled to the skin and nothing left about him not so muche as a cloweâ—… tâ—… 〈◊〉 by a â—…uie members and 〈◊〉 â—…ssed behinde Pâ—…s yâ—… of â—…heâ—… tall 〈◊〉 â—…he â—…gâ—… 〈◊〉 what Bâ—… 〈◊〉 kyng or a Caâ—… the 〈◊〉 and arâ—… 〈…〉 â—…n the 〈…〉 of the hoâ—…e â—…nd the legâ—… yhâ—… her side at â—…all â—…esprâ—…d 〈…〉 was broughte to the 〈◊〉 Friers Church with in the 〈◊〉 thâ—… 〈◊〉 a â—…enâ—… 〈◊〉 spectacle 〈◊〉 â—…ely â—…dering hys 〈◊〉 and 〈…〉 gâ—…â—…yng â—…e 〈…〉 worthely 〈◊〉 at at suche â—…e 〈◊〉 in the sayde Churche he was wyâ—…ne lesse fuâ—…alle poâ—…pe and â—…nitie entered than he woulde to be done at the bâ—…yâ—… of his 〈…〉 Nephew 〈…〉 he 〈…〉 â—…ly to â—…ed â—…lly to be qâ—… When hys 〈◊〉 was knowne feâ—… lamenâ—… 〈…〉 â—…sed the proâ—… brâ—…gging while Bâ—… whiche was his had geâ—… was violently raised and plucked downe 〈◊〉 â—…ry signe and place where it might â—…pied â—…ooâ—… was his life that men wished the â—…rie of 〈◊〉 to be 〈…〉 thâ—… hys 〈…〉 He â—…ed twoo 〈…〉 vnto monethes and one day As he was small 〈…〉 of stature so was he of bodie greatly deâ—…ed the one shuldâ—… higher than the other his 〈◊〉 small but his countenaÌ„nce was cruell and suche that at the firste aspect a maâ—… 〈◊〉 iudge it to sauour and smell of malice fraude and deceit when he stode musing he woulde byte and chawe busily his nether lippe as who sayde that his fierce nature in his cruell bodie alwais chafed stirred and was euer vnquiet besyde that the dagger whiche he ware he wold when he studyed with his hande plucke vp and downe in the sheath to the mids neuer drawing it fully out he was of a ready pregnant quicke witte wyly to fayne and apt to dissemble he had a proude mynde and an arrogant stomacke the whiche accompanied him euen to his death rather chusing to suffer the same by dint of sword than being forsaken and left helplesse of hys vnfaithfull companyons to preserue by cowardly flight suche a frayle and vncertayn lyfe whiche by malice sicknes or condigne punishment was lyke shortly to come to confusion Thus ended this Prince his mortall life with infarny dishonor whiche neuer preferred fame or honestie before ambition tyrannie and mischiefe And if hee had continued still Protector and suffered his Nephewes to haue liued and raigned no doubt but the Realm had prospered and he much praysed and beloued as he is nowe abhorred and had in hatted but to God whyche knew his inwarde thoughtes at the houre of hys death I remitte the punishment of his offences committed in his life King Henry the seauenth caused a Tombe to bee made and set vp ouer the place where hee was buried in the Churche of the grey Frierâ—… at Leycester with a picture of alablaster representing his person doing that honor to his enemie vpon a princely regard and pitifull zeale whyche King Richard moued of an ypocriticall shewe of counterfaite pitie did to King Henry y e sixte whome he had first cruelly murthered and after in the second yeare of his vsurped raigne caused his corpes to bee remoued from Chertsey vnto Windesore and there solemnely enterred And nowe to conclude wyth this câ—…ell Tyrant king Richarde wee maye consider in what sorte the ambitious desire to rule and gouerne in the house of Yorke was punished by Gocâ—…tuâ—… prouidence for although that the right myghte seeme to remayne in the person of Richard duke of Yorke flayne at Wakefielde yet may there bee a faulte worthyly reputed in hym so to seeke to preuent the tyme appoynted hym by authoritie of Parliamente to attayne to the Crowne entayled to hym and hys issue in whome also and not onely in hymselfe that offence as may bee thoughte was duely punished for although his eldest fonne Edwarde the fourthe beeyng a Prince right prouidente and circumspect for the suretie of hys owne estate and his children in so muche that not contented to cut off all his armed and appâ—…t â—…es he also of a 〈◊〉 feare made away his â—…rd â—…theâ—… the Duke of Clâ—…rence and so thoughte to make all sâ—… 〈◊〉 Godâ—… vengâ—…neâ—… myght not bee disaâ—… for as ye haue partely 〈…〉 â—…ther therby the deâ—… of his issâ—… kyng awaye hym that onely myghte haue stay on 〈◊〉 Tâ—…rkish 〈◊〉 of thâ—… 〈…〉 Glouâ—…er who enregâ—… 〈…〉 kingdome 〈…〉 his 〈◊〉 nephâ—… 〈…〉 And â—…is thus with 〈◊〉 that the 〈◊〉 of Yorke shewed itselfe moâ—… 〈◊〉 inseâ—…ing to obtâ—…th kyngdome than that of 〈◊〉 vsâ—…ping it So it coâ—… to passe that the 〈◊〉 wâ—…ng 〈◊〉 appere honors heauie â—…eâ—… the same than towardes the other not ceassyng 〈◊〉 the whole issue male of the sayd Richarde â—…he of Yorâ—… was extinguished For suche in 〈◊〉 Gâ—… Iustice to leâ—… no were pentant wilâ—…ed oâ—… 〈◊〉 proâ—… was especially in thys cayâ—…e Richarde the thirde nâ—…t deseruing so muche as â—…e whereof a man muche lesse of a kyng moste â—…fully appeared But nowe of lâ—…ed menne that 〈…〉 and wrote in
the dayes of this vsurper and hys nephew king Edward the fyfth these we fynde recorded by Iohn Bale fieste Iohn Penketh an Augusâ—… Frier of Warlington in Lancoâ—…hire a right sâ—…tle fellow in disputation folowing the footesteppes of his Maister Iohn Dunâ—… whom he chiefly studied He wrote diuers treatifes and made that infamous sermon at Poules mâ—…st in fauour of the Duke of Gloucester then protector to the disenheriting of Edward the fifth his 〈◊〉 following and gouernour Iohn Kent or Cayleâ—…â—…ne in Southwales George Riplay first a Chanâ—…e of Bridlington and after a Caâ—…lite Frier in Boston a greate Matheâ—…atician Rhetorician and Poet Iohn Spyne a Carmelite Frier of Bristowe that proceeded Doctour of diuinitie in Cambridge and suche lyke King Henry the seuenth Henry the .vij. Anno. re 1. KIng HeÌ„ry hauing thus got the victorie at Bosworth slayn his mortal enemie there in field he sente before his departure from Leycester sir Rob. Willoughby knighte to the manour of Sheriffehuton in the couÌ„tie of York for Edward Plantagenet Earle of Warwik son and heire to George duke of Clarence then being of the age of xv yeares whom king Richard had kept there as prisoner during the tyme of his vsurped reigne Sir Robert Willoughby receyuing the yong Earle of the Constable of that Castel conueyed him to London wher he was shut vp in the Tower The Earle of Warvvicke set and heare to George duke at Clarence conuerted to â—…e Tovver for doubt least some vnquiet and euill disposed persons might inuent some occasion of newe trouble by this yong Gentleman and therefore king Henry thought good to haue him sure There was beside him in the castell of Sheriffehut in the Ladye Elizabeth eldest daughter to Kyng Edward the fourth whome Kyng Rycharde as yee haue hearde meant to haue marryed but God otherwyse ordeyned for hir and preserued hir from that vnlawfull copulation and incestuous bedde Shortly after she being accompanyed with a greate number as wel of noble men as honorable matrones was wyth good speed conueyed to London and brought to hir mother In the meane season kyng Henry remoued forwarde by soft iourneys toward London the people commyng in from all sides to behold him and exceedingly reioycing at his presence King Henrye â—…reth to London as by their voyces and gestures it well appeared At his approching nere to the citie the Mayre and his brethren with other worshipfull Citizens being cloathed in violet met him at Shordiche and reuerently saluted hym and so wyth greate pompe and triumph he rode through the citie to the cathedrall Churche of Saint Paule where he offred three standards In the one was the image of Saint George in an other was a red fyerie dragon beaten vpon white and greene sarcenet and in the third was paynted a Dunne cowe vpon yealow tarterne After his prayers sayd and Te deum song he departed to the Bishops palaice and there soiorned a season Anon after he assembled togither y e sage counsellors of the realme in which counsel lyke a Prince of iust fayth and true of promise to anoyde all ciuile discorde he apointed a day to ioyne in mariage with the Lady Elizabeth heire of the house of York with his noble personage heire to the liue of Lancaster whiche thing not onely reioyced the heartes of the nobles and Gentlemen of the realme but also gayned the fauours and good willes of all the commons After this with great pompe he rowed vnto Westminster and there the thirtith day of October was with all ceremonies accustomed anoynted and crowned king by the whole assent as well of the commons as of the nobilitie Henry the seuenth crovvned King and cleped Henry the seuenth of that name whiche was in the yeare of the worlde .5452 and after the birth of our Lorde .1485 in the .xlvj. yeare of Frederike the thirde then Emperour of Almayne Maximilian his sonne being newly elected K. of Romaines 1485 in the seconde yeare of Charles the eyght then king of Fraunce and in the .xxv. of king Iames then ruling the realm of Scotland For the establishing of all things as well touching the preseruation of his owne estate as the commendable administration of iustice and preferrement of the common wealth of his realme he called his hygh court of Parliament at Westminster the seuenth day of Nouember A Parliament at VVestmivster and a generall Pardoâ—… wherein was attainted Richarde late Duke of Gloucester calling and namyng himselfe by vsurpation King Richard the thirde likewise there was attainted as chiefe ayders and assistants to him in the battayle at Bosworth auaunced againste the present Kyng Iohn late Duke of Norffolke Thomas Earle of Surrey Francis Louell knyght Vicont Louell Water Deuereux knight late lorde Ferrers Iohn lorde Souche Robert Harrington Richarde Charleton Richard Ratcliffe William Barkley of Weley Robert Midleton Iames Harrington Roberte BrakeÌ„bury Thomas Pilkinton Walter Hopton William Catesby Roger Wake WilliaÌ„ Sapcote of the countie of Huntington Humfrey Stafforde William Clerke of Wenlocke Geoffrey Sainte Germaine Richarde Watkyns Herraulde of Armes Rycharde Reuell of Darbyshire Thomas Pulter of the countie of Kente Iohn Walche otherwyse called Hastynges Iohn Kendall late Secretarie of the sayde Richarde late Duke of Gloucester Iohn Bucke Andrewe Rat and Willyam Brampton of Burforde in whiche atteynder neuerthelesse there were dyuers clauses and Prouisos for the benefyte of their wiues and other persons that hadde or myghte clayme any ryghte title or interest lawfully vnto any castels manours lordships townes townships honors lands tenementes rentes seruices fee fermes annuities knightes fees aduousons reuersions remainders and other hereditaments wherof the said persons atteynted were possessed or seysed to the vses of suche other persons with a speciall prouiso also that the sayd atteynder should not be preiudiciall to Iohn Catesby knight Tho. Reuell and William Ashby esquiers in of and vpon the manor of Kirkeby vpon Wretheke in the Countie of Leycester nor in of and vppon any other landes and tenementes in Kirkby aforesayde Melton Somerby Thropâ—…eghfield and Godeby whiche they had of the gift feoffement of Tho. Dauuers and Iohn Lye And further notwithstanding this attainder dyuers of the sayde persons afterwardes were not only by the Kig pardoned but also restored to their lands liuings and moreouer in this presente Parliamente hee caused poclamation to be made that al meÌ„ were pardoned and acquited of their offences whiche woulde submit themselues to his mercy and receiue an othe to be true and faithfull vnto hym whervpon many that came out of Sainctuaries and other places were receiued to grace and admitted for his subiectes After this hee began to remember his especiall frends of whom some he aduaunced to honor and dignitie and some hee enriched with goodes and possessions euery man according to his deserts and merites And to begin his vncle Iasper erle of Pembroke he created duke of Bedford Tho. lorde Stanley was created erle of Darby the L.