euer he came he would signifie by so many fires he came with so many boats that we might know his strength Their Boats are but one great tree which is but burnt in the forme of a trough with gins and fire till it be as they would haue it For an armour he would haue ingaged vs a bagge of pearle but we refused as not regarding it that wee might the better learn where it grew He was very iust of his promise for oft we trusted him and he would come within his day to keepe his word He sent vs commonly euery day a brace of Bucks Conies Hares and fish sometimes Mellons Walnuts Cucumbers Pease and diuers rootes This Author sayth their corne groweth three times in fiue moneths in May they sow in Iuly reape in Iune they sow in August reape in Iuly sow in August reape We put some of our Pease in the ground which in ten dayes were 14. ynches high The soyle is most plentifull sweete wholesome and fruitfull of all oâ—her there are about 14. seuerall sorts of sweete smelling tymber trees the most parts of the vnderwood Bayes and such like such Okes as we but far greater and better After this acquaintance my selfe with seauen more went twenty myle into the Riuer Occam that runneth toward the Cittie Skicoack and the euening following we came to an I le called Roanoak from the harbour where we entred 7. leagues at the North end was 9. houses builded with Cedar fortified round with sharpe trees and the entrance like a Turnpik When we came towards it the wife of Granganameo came running out to meete vs her husband was absent commanding her people to draw our Boat ashore for beating on the billowes other she appoynted to carry vs on their backes a land others to bring our Ores into the house for stealing When we came into the other roome for there was fiue in the house she caused vs to sit downe by a great fire after tooke off our clothes and washed them of some our stockings and some our feete in warme water and she her selfe tooke much paines to see all things well ordered and to provide vs victuall After we had thus dryed our selues she brought vs into an Inner roome where she set on the bord standing a long the house somewhat like frumentie sodden venison and rosted fish in like manner mellons raw boyled rootes and fruites of diuers kindes There drinke is commonly water boyled with Ginger sometimes with Saxefras and wholsome herbes but whilest the Crape lasteth they drinke wine More loue she could not expresse to entertaine vs they care but onely to defend themselues from the short winter and feede on what they finde naturall in sommer In this feaâ—ting house was their Idoll of whom they â—ould vs vncredible things When we were at meate two or three of her men came amongst vs with their Bowes and Arrowes which caused vs to take our armes in hand She perceiuing our distrust caused their Bowes and Arrowes to be broken and they beâ—ten out of the gate but the euening approaching we returned to our boate where at she much grieuing brought our supper halfe boyled pots and all but when she saw vs but put our boat a little off from the shoar and lye at Anchor perceiuing our Ielousie she sent diuers men 30. women to sit al night on the shoare side against vs and sent vs fiue Mats to couer vs from the raine doing all she could to perswade vs to her house Though there was no cause of doubt we would not aduenture for on our safety depended the voyage but a more kinde louing people cannot be Beyond this I le is the maine land and the great riuer Occam on which standeth a Towne called Pomeiock and six dayes higher their City Skicoak those people neuer saw it but say there fathers affirme it to be aboue two houres iourney about Into this riuer falleth an other called Cipo where is found many Mustells wherein are Pearles likewise another Riuer called Nomapona on the one side whereof standeth a great towne called Chawanock the Lord of the Country is not subiect to Wingandacoa Beyond him an other king they cal Menatonon These 3. are in league each with other Towards the south 4. dayes iourney is Sequotan the southermost part of Wingandacoa Adioyning to Secotan beginneth the country Pomouik belonging to the King called Piamacum in the Country Nusiok vpon the great riuer Neus These haue mortall warres with Wingina King of Wingandacoa Betwixt Piemacum and the Lord of Secotan a peace was concluded notwithstanding there is a mortall malice in the Secotuns because this Piemacum invited diuers men and 30. women to a feast and when they were altogether merry before their Idoll which is but a meere illusion of the Deuill they sudainly slew all the men of Secotan and kept the women for their vse Beyond Roanoak are many Isles full of fruits and other Naturall increases with many Townes a long the side of the Continent Those Iles lye 200. myles in length and betweene them and the mayne a great long sea in some places 20. 40. or 50. myles broad in other more somewhere lesse And in this sea are 100. Iles of diuers bignesses but to get into it you haue but 3. passages and they very dangerous Though this you see for most part be but the relations of Saluages because it is the first I thought it not a misâ—e to remember them as they are written by them that returned ariued in England about the middest of September the same yeare This discouery was so welcome into England that it pleased her Mâ—iestie to call this Country of Wingandacoa Virginia by which name now you are to vnderstand how it was planted disolued reuned and enlarged The Performers of this voyage were these following Philip Amadas Captaine Arthur Barlow Captaine William Grenuill Iohn Wood. Iames Browewich Henry Greene. Beniamen Wood. Simon Ferdinando Of the Companie Nicholas Peryman Of the Companie Iohn Hewes Of the Companie Sir Richard Grenuills voyage to Virginia for Sir Walter Raleigh â—â—85 THe 9. of Aprill he departed from Plimouth with 7. sayle the chiefe men with him in command were Master Ralph Layne Master Thomas Candish Master Iohn Arundel Master Stukley Master Bremige Master Vincent Master Hâ—ryot and Master Iohn Clarke The 14. day we fell with the Canaries and the 7. of May with Dominico in the West Indies we landed at Portorico after with much a doe at Izabella on the north of Hispaniola passing by many Iles. Vpon the 20. we fell with the mayne of Florida and were put in great danger vpon Cape Fear The 26. we Anchored at Wocokon where the admiral had like to beene cast away presently we sent to Wingina to Roanoak and Master Arundell went to the mayne with Manteo a saluage and that day to Crooâ—on The 11. The Generall victualed for 8. dayes with a selected company went to the
there villanies would hire vs we should not tell it to their kings or countrymen who would also repunish them and yet returne them to Iames towne to content the President for a testimony of their loues Master Sicklemore well returned from Chawwonoke but found little hope and lesse certaintie of them were left by Sir Walter Raleigh The riuer he saw was not great the people few the countrey most over growne with pynes where there did grow here and there straglingly Pemminaw we call silke grasse But by the riuer the ground was good and exceeding furtill Master Nathanael powell and Anas Todkill were also by the Quiyoughquohanocks conducted to the Mangoags to search them there but nothing could they learne but they were all dead This honest proper good promise keeping king of all the rest did euer best affect vs and though to his false Gods he was very zealous yet he would confesse our God as much exceeded his as our Gunns did his Bow and Arrowes often sending our President may presents to pray to his God for raine or his corne would perish for his Gods were angry Three dayes iorney they conducted them through the woodâ— into a high country towards the Sâ—â—thwest â—here they saw here and there a little câ—rne fiâ—â—d by some little spring or smal brooke but no riuer they could see the peâ—â—le in all reâ—pects like the rest except there language they liue most vpon rootes fruites and wilde beastâ— and trade with them towards the sea and the fatter countryes for dryed fish and corne for skâ—ns All this time to recouer the Dutch-men and one Bentley another fugitiue we imployed one Williâ—m Volday a Zwitzar by birth with Pardons promises to regaine them Little we then suspected this double villaine of any villany who plainly taught vs in the most trust was the greatest treason for this wicked hypocrite by the seeming hate he bore to the lewd conditions of his cursed country men hauing this oportunity by his imployment to regaine them conuayed them euery thing they desired to eâ—fect their proiects to distroy the Colony With much deuotion they expected the Spaniard to whom they intended good seruice or any other that would but carry them from vs. But to begin with the â—â—rst oportunity thâ—â— seâ—ing necessitie thus inforced vs to disperse our selues importuned Powhatan to lend them but his forces and they would not onely distroy our Hoggs fire our towne and betray our Pinnace but bring to his seruice and subiection the most of our company With this plot they had acquainted many Discontents and many were agreed to their Deuilish practise But one Thomas Douse and Thomas Mallard whose christian hearts relented at such an vnchristian act voluntarily reuealed it to Captaine Smith who caused them to conceale it perswading â—ouse and Mallard to proceed in their confedracie onely to bring the irreclamable Dutch men and the inconstant Salvages in such a maner amongst such Ambuscado's as he had prepared that not many of theÌ„ should returne from our Peninsula But this brute coÌ„ming to the â—ares of the impatieÌ„t multitude they so importuned the President to cut off those Dutch men as amongst many that offred to cut their throats befâ—re the face of PowhataÌ„ the first was LieutenaÌ„t Percy and Mr. Iohn Cuderington two Gentlemen of as bold resolute spirits as could possibly be fouÌ„d But the PresideÌ„t had occasioÌ„ of other imploiment for them gaue gaue way to Master Wyffin and Sarieant Ieffrey Abbot to goe and stab them or shoot them But the Dutch men made such excuses accusing Velday whom they supposed had reuealed their proiect as Abbot would not yet Wyffing would perceiuing it but deceit The King vnderstanding of this their imployment sent presently his messengers to Captaine Smith to signifie it was not his fault to detaine them nor hinder his men from executing his command nor did he nor would he mantaine them or any to occasion his displeâ—sure But whilst this businesse was in hand Arriued one Captaine Argall and Master Thomas Sedan sent by Master Cornelius to truck with the Colony and fish for Sturgeon with a ship well furnished with wine and much other good provision Though it was not sent vs our necessities was such as inforced vs to take it He brought vs newes of a great supply and preparation for the Lord La Woore with letters that much taxed our President for his heard dealing with the Salvages and not returning the shippes fraughted Notwithstanding we kept this ship tell the fleere arriued True it is Argall lost his voyage but we renictualled him and sent him for England with a true relation of the causes of our defailments and how imposible it was to returne that wealth they expected or obserue there instructions to indure the Salvages insolencies or doe any thing to any purpose except they would send vs men and meanes that could produce that they so much desired otherwises all they did was lost and could not but come to confusion The villany of Volday we still dissembled Adam vpon his pardon came home but Samuell still stayed with Powhahan to heare further of their estates by this supply Now all their plots Simth so well vnderstood they were his best advantages to secure vs from any trechery could be done by them or the Salvages which with facility he could revenge when he would because all those countryes more feared him then Powhatan and hee had such parties with all his bordering neighbours and many of the rest for loue or feare would haue done any thing he would haue them vpon any commotion though these fugitiues had done all they could to perswade Powhatan King Iames would kill Smith for vsing him and his people so vnkindly By this you may see for all those crosses trecheries and dissentions how hee wrestled and overcame without bloudshed all that happened also what good was done how few dyed what food the Countrey naturally affoordeth what small cause there is men should starue or be murthered by the Salvages that haue discretion to mannage them with courage and industrie The two first yeares though by his adventures he had oft brought the Salvages to a tractable trade yet you see how the envious authoritie ever crossed him and frustrated his best endevours But it wrought in him that experience and estimation amongst the Salvages as otherwise it had bin impossible he had ever effected that he did Notwithstanding the many miserable yet generous and worthy adventures he had oft and long endured in the wide world yet in this case he was againe to learne his Lecture by experience Which with thus much adoe having obtained it was his ill chance to end when he had but onely learned how to begin And though he left those vnknowne difficulties made easie and familiar to his vnlawfull successors who onely by liuing in Iames Towne presumed to know more then all the world could direct them Now though they had
is true Sir Thomas Dale had sent him such word and gaue his Page order to giue it me but he forgot it and till this present I neuer heard of it yet I replyed I did know there was such an order but that was when vpon a sudden he should haue occasion to send an Englishman without an Indian Guide but if his owne people should conduct his messenger as two of his did me who knew my message it was sufficient with which answer he was contented and so conducted vs to his house where was a guard of two hundred Bow-men that alwaies attend his person The first thing he did he offered me a pipe of Tobacco then asked mee how his brother Sir Thomas Dale did and his daughter and vnknowne sonne and how they liued loued and liked I told him his brother was well and his daughter so contented she would not liue againe with him whereat he laughed and demanded the cause of my comming I told him my message was priuate and I was to deliuer it onely to himselfe and Papaschicher one of my guides that was acquainted with it instantly he commanded all out of the house but onely his two Queenes that alwaies sit by him and bade me speake on I told him by my Interpreter Sir Thomas Dale hath sent you two pieces of Copper fiue strings of white and blue Beads fiue woodden Combes ten Fish-hookes a paire of Kniues and that when you would send for it hee would giue you a Grind-stone all this pleased him but then I told him his brother Dale hearing of the same of his youngest daughter desiring in any case he would send her by me vnto him in testimonie of his loue as well for that he intended to marry her as the desire her sister had to see her because being now one people and hee desirous for euer to dwell in his Countrie he conceiued there could not be a truer assurance of peace and friendship than in such a naturall band of an vnited vnion I needed not entreat his answer by his oft interrupting mee in my speech and presently with much grauitie he thus replyed I gladly accept your salute of loue and peace which while I liue I shall exactly keepe his pledges thereof I receiue with no lesse thanks although they aâ—e not so ample as formerly he had receiued but for my daughter I haue sold her within this few daies to a great Werowance for two bushels of Rawrenoke three daies iournie from me I replyed I knew his greatnesse in restoring the Rawrenoke might call her againe to gratifie his brother and the rather because she was but twelue yeeres old assuring him besides the band of peace hee should haue for her three times the worth of the Rawrenoke in Beads Copper Hatchets c. His answer was he loued his daughter as his life and though hee had many children hee delighted in none so much as shee whom if he should not often behold he could not possibly liue which she liuing with vs he could not do hauing resolued vpon no termes to put himselfe into our hands or come amongst vs therefore desired me to vrge him no further but returne his brother this answer That I desire no former assurance of his friendship than the promise hee hath made from me he hath a pledge one of my daughters which so long as she liues shall be sufficient when she dies he shall haue another I hold it not a brotherly part to desire to bereaue me of my two children at once Farther tell him though he had no pledge at all hee need not distrust any iniurie from me or my people there haue beene too many of his men and mine slaine and by my occasion there shall neuer be more I which haue power to performe it haue said it although I should haue iust cause for I am now old would gladly end my daies in peace if you offer me iniurie my countrie is large enough to goe from you Thus much I hope will satisfie my brother Now because you are wearie and I sleepie wee will thus end So commanding vs victuall and lodging we rested that night and the next morning he came to visit vs and kindly conducted vs to the best cheere hee had William Parker While I here remained by chance came an Englishman whom there had beene surprized three yeeres agoe at Fort Henry growne so like both in complexion and habit like a Saluage I knew him not but by his tongue hee desired mee to procure his libertie which I intended and so farre vrged Powhatan that he grew discontented and told mee You haue one of my daughters and I am content but you cannot see one of your men with mee but you must haue him away or breake friendship if you must needs haue him you shall goe home without guides and if any euill befall you thanke your selues I told him I would but if I returned not well hee must expect a reuenge and his brother might haue iust cause to suspect him So in passion he leâ—t me till supper and then gaue me such as hee had with a cheerefull countenance About midnight hee awaked vs and promised in the morning my returne with Parker but I must remember his brother to send him ten great pieces of Copper a Shauing-knife a Frowe a Grindstone a Net Fish-hookes and such toies which lest I should forget he caused me write in a table-booke he had how euer he got it it was a faire one I desired hee would giue it me he told me no it did him much good in shewing to strangers yet in the morning when we departed hauing furnished vs well with prouision he gaue each of vs a Bucks skin as well dressed as could be and sent two more to his sonne and daughter And so we returned to Iames towne Written by Master Ralph Hamor and Iohn Rolph I haue read the substance of this relation in a Letter written by Sir Thomas Dale another by Master Whitaker and a third by Master Iohn Rolse how carefull they were to instruct her in Christianity and how capable and desirous shee was thereof after she had beene some time thus tutored shee neuer had desire to goe to her father nor could well endure the society of her owne nation the true affection she constantly bare her husband was much and the strange apparitions and violent passions he endured for her loue as he deeply protested was wonderfull and she openly renounced her countries idolatry confessed the faith of Christ and was baptized but either the coldnesse of the aduenturers or the bad vsage of that was collected or both caused this worthy Knight to write thus Oh why should so many Princes and Noblemen ingage themselues and thereby intermedling herein haue caused a number of soules transport themselues and be transported hither Why should they I say relinquish this so glorious an action for if their ends be to build God a Church they
which did rauish vs so much with ioy and content we thought our selues now fully satisfied for our long toile and labours and as happy men as any in the world Notwithstanding such an accident hapned Captaine Stallings the next day his ship was cast away and he not long after slaine in a priuate quarrell Sir George Yearly to beginne his gouernment added to be of his councell Captaine Francis West Captaine Nathaniel Powell Master Iohn Pory Master Iohn Rolfe and Master William Wickam and Master Samuel Macocke and propounded to haue a generall assembly with all expedition Vpon the twelfth of this Moneth came in a Pinnace of Captaine Bargraues and on the seuenteenth Captaine Lownes and one Master Euans who intended to plant themselues at Waraskoyack but now Ophechankanough will not come at vs that causes vs suspect his former promises In May came in the Margaret of Bristoll with foure and thirty men all well and in health and also many deuout gifts and we were much troubled in examining some scandalous letters sent into England to disgrace this Country with barrennesse to discourage the aduenturers and so bring it and vs to ruine and confusion notwithstanding we finde by them of best experience an industrious man not other waies imploied may well tend foure akers of Corne and 1000. plants of Tobacco and where they say an aker will yeeld but three or foure barrels we haue ordinarily foure or fiue but of new ground six seuen and eight and a barrell of Pease and Beanes which we esteeme as good as two of Corne which is after thirty or forty bushels an aker so that one man may prouide Corne for fiue and apparell for two by the profit of his Tobacco they say also English Wheat will yeeld but sixteene bushels an aker and we haue reaped thirty besides to manure the Land no place hath more white and blew Marble than here had we but Carpenters to build and make Carts and Ploughs and skilfull men that know how to vse them and traine vp our cattell to draw them which though we indeuour to effect yet our want of experience brings but little to perfection but planting Tobaco and yet of that many are so couetous to haue much they make little good besides there are so many sofisticating Tobaco-mungers in England were it neuer so bad they would sell it for Verinas and the trash that remaineth should be Virginia such deuilish bad mindes we know some of our owne Country-men doe beare not onely to the businesse but also to our mother England her selfe could they or durst they as freely defame her The 25. of Iune came in the Triall with Corne and Cattell all in safety which tooke from vs cleerely all feare of famine then our gouernour and councell caused Burgesses to be chosen in all places and met at a generall Assembly where all matters were debated thought expedient for the good of the Colony and Captaine Ward was sent to Monahigan in new England to fish in May and returned the latter end of May but to small purpose for they wanted Salt the George also was sent to New-found-land with the Cape Merchant there she bought fish that defraied her charges and made a good voyage in seuen weekes About the last of August came in a dutch man of warre that sold vs twenty Negars and Iapazous King of Patawomeck came to Iames towne to desire two ships to come trade in his Riuer for a more plentifull yeere of Corne had not beene in a long time yet very contagious and by the trechery of one Poule in a manner turned heathen wee were very iealous the Saluages would surprize vs. The Gouernours haue bounded foure Corporations which is the Companies the Vniuersity the Gouernours and Gleabe land Ensigne Wil. Spencer Thomas Barret a Sergeant with some others of the ancient Planters being set free we are the first farmers that went forth and haue chosen places to their content so that now knowing their owne land they striue who should exceed in building and planting The fourth of Nouember the Bona noua came in with all her people lusty and well not long after one Master Dirmer sent out by some of Plimoth for New-England arriued in a Barke of fiue tunnes and returned the next Spring notwithstanding the â—il rumours of the vnwholsomnesse of Iames towne the new commers that were planted at old Pâ—spaheghe little more then a mile from it had their healths better then any in the Country In December Captaine Ward returned from Patâ—womeck the people there dealt falsly with him so that hee tooke 800. bushels of Corne from them perforce Captaine Woddiffe of Bristol came in not long after with all his people lusty and in health and we had two particular â—ouernors sent vs vnder the titles of Deputies to the Company the one to haue chargâ— of the Colledge Land the other of the Companies Now you are to vnderstâ—nd that because there haue beene many complâ—ints against the Gâ—uernors Câ—pâ—aines and Officers in Virginia for buyâ—ng and selliâ—g â—en and bâ—â—es or to bâ—â— set ouer from one to another for a yeerely rent was â—eld in 〈◊〉 a â—â—â—ng most intolerable oâ— that â—he tenants or lawfull seruanâ—s shoâ—ld bâ— put â—â—om â—â—â—ir pâ—â—ces or abridged their Couenants â—as â—o â—diâ—us 〈◊〉 the â—ery 〈◊〉 â—hâ—reâ—â— bâ—â—ught a great scandall to the generall action Tâ—◠〈…〉 good and worâ—h◠〈…〉 and â—pâ—ointed a hundred men shoâ—◠〈…〉 prouided to serue and attend the Gouerâ—â—â—◠〈…〉 gouernmâ—nt which number he was to make good at his departure and 〈◊〉 to his Successor in like manner fifty to the Deputy-Gouernour of the College land and fifty to the Dâ—puty of the Companies land fifty to the Treasurer to the Secretary fiue and twenty and more to the Marshall and Câ—pe merchant which they are also to leaue to their successors and likewise to euery particular Officer such a compeâ—ency as he might liue well in his Office without oppressing any vnder their charge which good law I pray God it be well obserued and then we may truly say in Virginia we are the most happy people in the world By me Iohn Rolfe There went this yeere by the Companies records 11. ships and 1216. persons to be thus disposed on Tenants for the Gouernors land fourescore besides fifty sent the former spring for the Companies land a hundred and thirty for the College a hundred for the Glebe land fifty young women to make wiues ninety seruants for publike seruice fifty and fifty more whose labours were to bring vp thirty of the infidels children the rest were sent to priuate Plantations Two persons vnknowne haue giuen faire Plate and Ornaments for two Communion Tables the one at the College the other at the Church of Mistris Mary Robinson who towards the foundation gaue two hundred pound And another vnknowne person sent to the Treasurer fiue hundred and fifty pounds for the bringing vp of the saluage children
vs with their Ordnances and put vs in minde we had another worke in hand Whereupon we separated the dead and hurt bodies and manned the ship with the rest and were so well incouraged wee waifed them amaine The Admirall stood aloofe off and the other would not come within Falcon shot where she lay battering vs till shee receiued another paiment from a Demiculuering which made her beare with the shore for smooth water to mend her leakes The next morning they both came vp againe with vs as if they had determined to deuour vs at once but it seemed it was but a brauado though they forsooke not our quarter for a time within Musket shot yet all the night onely they kept vs company but made not a shot During which time we had leasure to prouide vs better than before but God bethanked they made onely but a shew of another aâ—sault ere suddenly the Vice-admirall fell a starne and the other lay shaking in the wind and so they both left vs. The fight continued six houres and was the more vnwelcome because we were so ill prouided and had no intent to sight nor giue occasion to disturbe them As for the losse of men if Religion had not taught vs what by the prouidence of God is brought to passe yet daily experience might informe vs of the dangers of wars and perils at sea by stormes tempests shipwracks encounters with Pirats meeting with enemies crosse winds long voâ—ages vnknowne shores barbarous Nations and an hundred inconueniences of which humane pollicies are not capable nor mens coniectures apprehensiue We lost Doctor Bohun a worthy valianâ— Gentleman a long time brought vp amongst the most learned Surgeons and Physitions in Netherlands and this his second iourney to Virginia and seuen slaine out right two died shortly of their wounds sixteâ—nâ— was shot whose limbs God be thanked was recouered without maime and now setled in Virginia how many they lost we know not but we saw a great many lie on the decks and their skuppers runne with bloud they were abouâ— three hundred tunnes a peece each sixteene or twentie Brasse peeces Captaine Chester who in this fight had behaued himselfe like a most vigilant resolute and a couragious souldier as also our honest and valiant master did still so comfort and incourage vs by all the meanes they could at last to all our great contents we arriued in Virginia and from thence returned safely to England The Names of the Aduenturers for Virginia Alphabetically set downe according to a printed Booke set out by the Treasurer and Councell in this present yeere 1620. A SIr William Aliffe Sir Roger Aston Sir Anthony Ashley Sir Iohn Akland Sir Anthonie Aucher Sir Robert Askwith Doctor Francis Anthony Charles Anthony Edward Allen. Edmund Allen Esquire Iohn Allen. Thomas Allen. William Atkinson Esquire Richard Ashcroft Nicholas Andrews Iohn Andrews the elder Iohn Andrews the youngeâ— Iames Ascough Giles Allington Morris Abbot Ambrose Asten Iames Askew Anthony Abdey Iohn Arundell Esquire B Edward Earle of Bedford Iames Lord Bishop of Bathe and Wells Sir Francis Barrington Sir Morice Barkley Sir Iohn Benet Sir Thomas Beamont Sir Amias Bamfield Sir Iohn Bourcher Sir Edmund Bowyer Sir Thomas Bludder Sir George Bolles Sir Iohn Bingley Sir Thomas Button Sir Henry Beddingfield Companie of Barbers-Surgeons Companie of Bakers Richard Banister Iohn Bancks Miles Bancks Thomas Barber William Bonham Iames Bryerley William Barners Anthony Barners Esquire William Brewster Richard Brooke Hugh Brooker Esquire Ambrose Brewsey Iohn Brooke Matthew Bromridge Christopher Brooke Esquire Martin Bond. Gabriel Beadle Iohn Beadle Dauid Borne Edward Barnes Iohn Badger Edmund Branduell Robert Bowyer Esquire Bobert Bateman Thomas Britton Nicholas Benson Edward Bishop Peter Burgoney Thomas Burgoney Robert Burgoney Christopher Baron Peter Benson Iohn Baker Iohn Bustoridge Francis Burlâ—y William Browne Robert Barker Samuel Burnham Edward Barkley William Bennet Captaine Edward Brewster Thomas Brocket Iohn Bullock George Bache Thomas Bayly William Barkley George Butler Timothie Bathurst George Burton Thomas Bret. Captaine Iohn Brough Thomas Baker Iohn Blunt Thomas Bayly Richard and Edward Blunt Mineon Burrell Richard Blackmore William Bâ—ck Beniamin Brand. Iohn Busbridge William Burrell William Barret Francis Baldwin Edward Bâ—rber Humphrey Basse. Robert Bell. Matthew Bromrick Iohn Beaumont George Barkley Peter Bartle Thomas Bretton Iohn Blount Arthur Bromfeld Esquire William Bâ—rbloke Charles Beck C George Lord Archbishop of Canterburie William Lord Cranborne now Earle of Salisburie William Lord Compton now Earle of North-hampton William Lord Cauendish now Earle of Deuonshire Richard Earle of Clanricard Sir William Cauendish now Lord Cauendish Gray Lord Chandos Sir Henry Cary. Sir George Caluert Sir Lionell Cranfield Sir Edward Cecill Sir Robert Cotten Sir Oliuer Cromwell Sir Anthony Cope Sir Walter Cope Sir Edward Carr. Sir Thomas Conisbie Sir George Cary. Sir Edward Conwey Sir Walter Chute Sir Edward Culpeper Sir Henry Cary Captaine Sir William Crauen Sir Walter Couert Sir George Coppin Sir George Chute Sir Thomas Couentry Sir Iohn Cutts Lady Cary. Company of Cloth-workers Citie of Chichester Robert Chamberlaine Richard Chamberlaine Francis Couill William Coyse Esquire Abraham Chamberlaine Thomas Carpenter Anthony Crew Richard Cox William Crosley Iames Chatfeild Richard Caswell Iohn Cornelis Randall Carter Executâ—rs of Randall Carter William Canning Edward Carue Esquire Thomas Cannon Esquire Richard Champion Rawley Crashaw Henry Collins Henry Cromwell Iohn Cooper Richard Cooper Ioâ—n Casson Thomas Colthâ—rst Allâ—n Cotten Edward Cage Abraham Carthwright Robert Coppin Thomas Conock Ioâ—n Clapham Thomas Church William Carpenter Laurence Campe. Iames Cambell Christopher Clâ—theroe Matthew Cooper Georgâ— Chamber Captaine Iohn Cooke Câ—ptaine Thomas Conwey Esquire Edward Culpeper Esquire Master William Crashaw Abraham Colmâ—r Iohn Culpeper Edmund Colbey Richard Cooper Robert Creswell Iohn Cage Esquire Matthew Caue William Crowe Abraham Carpenter Iohn Crowe Thomas Cordell Richard Connock Esquire William Compton William Chester Thâ—mas Couel Richard Carmarden Esquire William and Paul Canning Hâ—nry Cromwell Esquire Simon Codrington Clement Chichley Iames Cullemore William Cantrell D Richard Earle of Dorset Edward Lord Dâ—nny Sir Iohn Digbie now Lord Digbie Sir Iohn Doderidge Sir Drew Drewry the elder Sir Thomas Dennis Sir Robert Drewry Sir Iohn Dauers Sir Dudley Digs Sir Marmaduke Dorrel Sir Thomas Dale Sir Thomas Denton Companie of Drapers Thomas Bond Esquire Dauid Bent Esquire Comanie of Dyers Towne of Douer Master Richard Deaâ—e Alderman Henry Dawkes Edward Dichfield William Dunne Iohn Dauis Matthew Dâ—quâ—stâ—r Philip Durdent Abraham Dawes Iohn Dike Thomas Draper Lancelot Dauis Rowley Dawsey William Dobson Esquire Anthony Dyot Esquire Auery Dranfield Roger Dye Iohn Downes Iohn Drake Iohn Delbridge Beniamin Decroâ— Thomas Dyke Ieffery Duppa Daniel Darnelly Sara Draper Clement and Henry Dawkneâ— E Thomas Earle of Exeter Sir Thomas Euerfield Sir Francis Egiock Sir Robert Edolph Iohn Eldred Esquire William Euans Richard Euans Hugh Euans Raph Ewens Esquire Iohn Elkin Robert Euelin Nicholas Exton Iohn Exton George Etheridge F Sir Moyle Finch Sir Henry Fanshaw
Sir Thomas Freake Sir Peter Fretchuile Sir William Flâ—â—twood Sir Henry Fane Company of Fishmongers Iohn Fletcher Iohn Farmer Martin Freâ—man Esquire Ralph Freeman William and Ralph Frâ—â—man Michael Fetiplace VVilliam Fettiplace Thomas Forrest Edward Flâ—etwood Esquire William Fâ—lgate William Field Nicholâ—s Fâ—rrar Iohn Farrar Giles Francis Edward Fawcet Richard Farrington Iohn Francklin Richard Frith Iohn Ferne. George Farmer Thomas Francis Iohn Fenner Nicholas Fuller Esquire Thomas Fâ—xall William Flâ—et Peter Franck Esquire Richard Fishborne VVilliam Faldoe Iohn Fletcher and Company VVilliam Ferrars G Lady Elizabeth Gray Sir Iohn Gray Sir VVilliam Godolfine Sir Thomas Gates Sir VVilliam Gee Sir Riâ—hard Grobham Sir VVilliam Garaway Sir Francis Goodwin Sir George Goring Sir Thomas Grantham Company of Grocers Company of Goldsmiths Company of Girdlers Iohn Geering Iohn Gardiner Richard Gardiner Iohn Gilbert Thomas Graue Iohn Gray Nicholas Griece Richard Goddard Thomas Gipps Peter Gates Thomas Gibbs Esquire Laurence Greene. William Greenwell Robert Garset Robert Gore Thomas Gouge Francis Glanuile Esquire G Henry Earle of Huntington Lord Theophilus Haward L. Walden Sir Iohn Harrington L. Harington Sir Iohn Hollis now Lord Hautein Sir Thomas Holecroft Sir William Harris Sir Thomas Harefleet Sir George Haiward Sir VVarwicke Heale Sir Baptist Hicks Sir Iohn Hanham Sir Thomas Horwell Sir Thomas Hewit Sir VVilliam Herrick Sir Eustace Hart. Sir Pory Huntley Sir Arthur Harris Sir Edward Heron. Sir Perseuall Hart. Sir Ferdinando Heiborne Sir Lawrence Hide Master Hugh Hamersley Alderman Master Richard Heron Alderman Richard Humble Esquire Master Richard Hackleuit Edward Harrison George Holeman Robert Hill Griffin Hinton Iohn Hawkins VVilliam Hancocke Iohn Harper George Hawger Iohn Holt. Iohn Huntley Ieremy Heiden Ralph Hamer Ralph Hamer Iunior Iohn Hodgeson Iohn Hanford Thomas Harris Richard Howell Thomas Henshaw Leonard Harwood Tristram Hill Francis Haselridge Tobias Hinson Peter Heightley George Hawkenson Thomas Hackshaw Charles Hawkens Iohn Hodgis William Holland Robert Hartley Gregory Herst Thomas Hodgis William Hodgis Roger Harris Iohn Harris M. Iohn Haiward Iames Haiward Nicholas Hide Esquire Iohn Hare Esquire William Hackwell Esquire Gressam Hoogan Humfrey Hanford William Haselden Nicholas Hooker Doctor Anthony Hunten Iohn Hodsale George Hooker Anthony Hinton Iohn Hogsell Thomas Hampton William Hicks William Holiland Ralph Harison Harman Harison I Sir Thomas Iermyn Sir Robert Iohnson Sir Arthur Ingram Sir Francis Iones Company of Ironmongers Company of Inholders Company of Imbroyderers Bailiffes of Ipswich Henry Iackson Richard Ironside M. Robert Iohnson Alderman Thomas Iones William Iobson Thomas Iohnson Thomas Iadwine Iohn Iosua George Isam Philip Iacobson Peter Iacobson Thomas Iuxson Senior Iames Iewell Gabriel Iaques Walter Iobson Edward Iames. Zachary Iones Esquire Anthony Irbye Esquire William I-anson Humfrey Iobson K Sir Valentine Knightley Sir Robert Killegrew Sir Charles Kelke Sir Iohn Kaile Richard Kirrill Iohn Kirrill Raph King Henry Kent Towne of Kingslynne Iohn Kettleby Esquire Walter Kirkham Esquire L Henry Earle of Lincolne Robert L. Lisle now Earle of Leicester Thomas Lord Laware Sir Francis Leigh Sir Richard Lowlace Sir William Litton Sir Iohn Lewson Sir William Lower Sir Samuel Leonard Sir Samson Leonard Company of Lethersellers Thomas Laughton William Lewson Peter Latham Peter Van Lore Henry Leigh Thomas Leuar Christofer Landman Morris Lewellin Edward Lewis Edward Lewkin Peter Lodge Thomas Layer Thomas Lawson Francis Lodge Iohn Langlâ—y Dauid Loide Iohn Leuitâ— Thomas Fox and Luke Lodge Captaine Richard Linley Arnold Lulls William Lawrence Iâ—hn Landman Nicholas Lichfield Nicholas Leate Gedâ—on de Laune M Philâ—p Earle of Montgomerie Doctor George Mountaine now Lord Bishop of Lincolne William Lord Mounteagle now Lord Morley Sir Thomas Mansell Sir Thomas Mildmay Sir William Maynard Sir Humfrey May. Sir Peter Manhood Sir Iohn Merrick Sir George More Sir Robert Mansell Sir Arthur Mannering Sir Dauid Murrey Sir Edward Michelborn Sir Thomas Middleton Sir Robert Miller Sir Caualiero Maicott Doctor Iames Meddas Richard Martin Esquire Company of Mercers Company of Merchant Taylors Otho Mowdite Captaine Iohn Martin Arthur Mouse Adrian More Thomas Mountford Thomas Morris Ralph Moorton Francis Mapes Richard Maplesden Iames Monger Peter Monsell Robert Middleton Thomas Maile Iohn Martin Iosias Maude Richard Morton George Mason Thomas Maddock Richard Moore Nicholas Moone Alfonsus van Medkerk Captaine Henry Meoles Philip Mutes Thomas Mayall Humfrey Marret Iaruis Munaz Robert Mildmay William Millet Richard Morer Iohn Miller Thomas Martin Iohn Middleton Francis Middleton N Dudly Lord North. Francis Lord Norris Sir Henry Neuill of Barkshire Thomas Nicols Christopher Nicols VVilliam Nicols George Newce Ioseph Newberow Christopher Newgate Thomas Norincott Ionathan Nuttall Thomas Norton O William Oxenbridge Esquire Robert Ossley Francis Oliuer P VVilliam Earle of Pembroke VVilliam Lord Paget Iohn Lord Petre. George Percy Esquire Sir Christofer Parkins Sir Amias Preston Sir Nicholas Parker Sir VVilliam Poole Sir Stephen Powell Sir Henry Peyton Sir Iames Perrot Sir Iohn Pettus Sir Robert Payne VVilliam Payne Iohn Payne Edward Parkins Edward Parkins his widow Aden Perkins Thomas Perkin Richard Partridge William Palmer Miles Palmer Robert Parkhurst Richard Perciuall Esquire Richard Poyntell George Pretty George Pit Allen Percy Abraham Peirce Edmund Peirce Phenice Pet. Thomas Philips Henry Philpot. Master George Procter Robert Penington Peter Peate Iohn Prat. William Powell Edmund Peashall Captaine William Proude Henry Price Nicholas Pewriffe Thomas Pelham Richard Piggot Iohn Pawlet Esquire Robert Pory Richard Paulson Q William Quicke R Sir Robert Rich now Earle of Warwicke Sir Thomas Row Sir Henry Rainsford Sir William Romney Sir Iohn Ratcliffe Sir Steuen Ridlesdon Sir William Russell Master Edward Rotheram Alderman Robert Rich. Tedder Roberts Henry Robinson Iohn Russell Richard Rogers Arthur Robinson Robert Robinson Millicent Ramsden Iohn Robinson George Robins Nichalas Rainton Henry Rolffe Iohn Reignolds Elias Roberts Henry Reignolds Esquire William Roscarrocke Esquire Humfrey Raymell Richard Robins S Henry Earle of Southampton Thomas Earle of Suffolke Edward Semer Earle of Hartford Robert Earle of Salisbury Mary Countesse of Shrewâ—bury Edmund Lord Sheffeld Robert Lord Spencer Iohn Lord Stanhope Sir Iohn Saint-Iohn Sir Thomas Smith Sir Iohn Samms Sir Iohn Smith Sir Edwin Sandys Sir Samuel Sandys Sir Steuen Some Sir Raph Shelton Sir Thomas Stewkley Sir William Saint-Iohn Sir William Smith Sir Richard Smith Sir Martin Sinteuill Sir Nicolas Salter Doctor Matthew Sutcliffe of Exeter Captaine Iohn Smith Thomas Sandys Esquire Henry Sandys Esquire George Sandys Esquire Company of Skinners Company of Salters Company of Stationers Iohn Stokley Richard Staper Robert Singleton Thomas Shipton Cleophas Smith Richard Strongtharâ— Hildebrand Spruson Matthew Scriuener Othowell Smith George Scot. Hewet Staperâ— Iames Swift Richard Stratford Edmund Smith Robert Smith Matthias Springham Richard Smith Edward Smith Ionathan Smith Humfrey Smith Iohn Smith George Swinhow Ioseph Some William Sheckley Iohn Southick Henry Shelley Walter Shelley Richard Snarsborow George Stone Hugh Shepley William Strachey Vrion Spencer Iohn Scarpe Thomas Scott William Sharpe Steuen Sparrow Thomas Stokes Richard Shepard Henry Spranger William Stonnard
Steuen Sad. Iohn Stockley Thomas Steuens Matthew Shepard Thomas Sherwell William Seabright Esquire Nicholas Sherwell Augustine Steward Thomas Stile Abraham Speckhard Edmund Scot. Francis Smalman Gregory Sprint Esquire Thomas Stacey William Sandbatch Augustine Stuard Esquire T Sir William Twisden Sir William Throckmorton Sir Nicholas Tufton Sir Iohn Treuer Sir Thomas Tracy George Thorpe Esquire Doctor William Turner The Trinity house Richard Turner Iohn Tauerner Daniel Tucker Charles Towler William Tayler Leonard Townson Richard Tomlins Francis Tate Esquire Andrew Troughton George Tucker Henry Timberlake William Tucker Lewis Tite Robert Thornton V Sir Horatio Vere Sir Walter Vaughan Henry Vincent Richard Venne Christopher Vertue Iohn Vassell Arthur Venne W Henry Bishop of VVorcester Francis West Esquire Sir Ralph Winwood Sir Iohn Wentworth Sir William Waad Sir Robert Wroth. Sir Perciual Willoby Sir Charles Wilmott Sir Iohn Wats Sir Hugh Worrell Sir Edward Waterhouse Sir Thomas Wilsford Sir Richard Williamson Sir Iohn Wolstenholm Sir Thomas Walsingham Sir Thomas Watson Sir Thomas Wilson Sir Iohn Weld Mistris Kath. West now Lady Conway Iohn Wroth Esquire Captaine Maria Winckfield Esquire Thomas Webb Rice Webb Edward Webb Sands Webb Felix Wilson Thomas White Richard Wiffen William Williamson Humfrey Westwood Hugh Willeston Thomas Wheatley William Wattey William Webster Iames White Edmund Winne Iohn West Iohn Wright Edward Wooller Thomas Walker Iohn Wooller Iohn Westrow Edward Welch Nathaniel Waad Richard Widowes Dauid Waterhouse Esquire Captaine Owen Winne Randall Wetwood George Wilmer Esquire Edward Wilkes Leonard White Andrew Willmer Clement Willmer George Walker William Welbie Francis Whistler Thomas Wells Captaine Thomas Winne Iohn Whittingham Thomas Wheeler William Willet Deuereux Woogam Iohn Walker Thomas Wood. Iohn Willet Nicholas Wheeler Thomas Wale William Wilston Iohn Waller William Ward William Willeston Iohn Water Thomas Warr Esquire Dauid Wiffen Garret Weston Y Sir George Yeardley now Gouernour of Virginia William Yong. Simon Yeomans Z Edward Lord Zouch Iohn Zouch Esquire THat most generous and most honourable Lord the Earle of South-hampton being pleased to take vpon him the title of Treasurer and Master Iohn Farrar his Deputy with such instructions as were necessary and admonitions to all Officers to take heede of extortion ingrosing commodities forestalling of markets especially to haue a vigilant care the familiarity of the Saluages liuing amongst them made them not way to betray or surprize them for the building of Guest-houses to relieue the weake in and that they did wonder in all this time they had made no discoueries nor knew no more then the very place whereon they did inhabit nor yet could euer see any returne for all this continuall charge and trouble therefore they sent to be added to the Councell seuen Gentlemen namely Mr. Thorp Captaine Nuce Mr. Tracy Captaine Middleton Captaine Blount Mr. Iohn Pountas and Mr. Harwood with men munition and all things thought fitting but they write from Virginia many of the Ships were so pestred with diseased people thronged together in their passage there was much sicknesse and a great mortality wherfore they desired rather a few able sufficient men well prouided then great multitudes and because there were few accidents of note but priuate aduertisements by letters we will conclude this yeere and proceed to the next Collected out of the Councels letters for Virginia The instructions and aduertisements for this yeere were both from England and Virginia much like the last only whereas before they had euer a suspicion of Opechankanough and all the rest of the Saluages they had an eye ouer him more then any but now they all write so confidently of their assured peace with the Saluages there is now no more feare nor danger either of their power or trechery so that euery man planteth himselfe where he pleaseth and followeth his businesse securely But the time of Sir George Yearley being neere expired the Councel here made choise of a worthy young Gentleman Sir Francis Wyat to succeed him whom they forth with furnished and prouided as they had done his Predecessors with all the necessary instructions all these times had acquainted them for the conuersion of the Saluages the suppressing of planting Tobacco and planting of Corne not depending continually to be supplied by the Saluages but in case of necessity to trade with them whom long ere this it hath beene promised and expected should haue beene fed and relieued by the English not the English by them and carefully to redresse all the complaints of the needlesse mortality of their people and by all diligence seeke to send something home to satisfie the Aduenturers that all this time had only liued vpon hopes grew so weary and discouraged that it must now be substance that must maintaine their proceedings not letters excuses and promises seeing they could get so much and such great estates for themselues as to spend after the rate of 100. pounds 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10. nay some 2000. or 3000. pounds yearely that were not worth so many pence when they went to Virginia can scarce containe themselues either in diet apparell gaming and all manner of such superfluity within a lesse compasse than our curious costly and consuming Gallants here in England which cannot possibly be there supported but either by oppressing the Comminalty there or deceiuing the generality here or both Extracted out of the Councels Letters for Virginia From Virginia by the relations of the Chieftains there many I haue conferred with that came from thence hither I haue much admired to heare of the incredible pleasure profit and plenty this Plantation doth abound in and yet could neuer heare of any returne but Tobacco but it hath oft amazed me to vnderstand how strangely the Saluages hath beene taught the vse of our armes and imploied in hunting and fowling with our fowling peeces and our men rooting in the ground about Tobacco like Swine besides that the Saluages that doe little but continually exercise their bow and arrowes should dwell and lie so familiarly amongst our men that practised little but the Spade being so farre asunder and in such small parties dispersed and neither Fort exercise of armes vsed Ordnances mounted Courts of guard nor any preparation nor prouision to preuent a forraine enemy much more the Saluages howsoeuer for the Saluages vncertaine conformity I doe not wonder but for their constancy and conuersion I am and euer haue beene of the opinion of Master Ionas Stockam a Minister in Virginia who euen at this time when all things were so prosperous and the Saluages at the point of conuersion against all their Gouernours and Councels opinions writ to the Councell and Company in England to this effect May 28. WE that haue left our natiue country to soiourne in a strange land some idle spectators who either cowardly dare not or couetously will not aduenture either their purses or persons in so commendable a worke others supporting Atlas of this ilmost vnsupportable
should follow their businesse securely whereas now halfe their times and labours are spent in watching and warding onely to defend but altogether vnable to suppresse the Saluages because euery man now being for himselfe will be vnwilling to be drawne from their particular labours to be made as pack-horses for all the rest without any certainty of some better reward and preferment then I can vnderstand any there can or will yet giue them These I would imploy onely in ranging the Countries and tormenting the Saluages and that they should be as a running Army till this were effected and then settle themselues in some such conuenient place that should euer remaine a garison of that strength ready vpon any occasion against the Saluages or any other for the defence of the Countrey and to see all the English well armed and instruct them their vse But I would haue a Barke of one hundred tunnes and meanes to build sixe or seuen Shalops to transport them where there should bee occasion Towards the charge because it is for the generall good and what by the massacre and other accidents Virginia is disparaged and many men and their purses much discouraged how euer a great many doe hasten to goe thinking to bee next heires to all the former losses I feare they will not finde all things as they doe imagine therefore leauing those gilded conceits and diue into the true estate of the Colony I thinke if his Maiestie were truly informed of their necessitie and the benefit of this proiect he would be pleased to giue the custome of Virginia and the Planters also according to their abilities would adde thereto such a contribution as would be fit to maintaine this garison till they be able to subsist or cause some such other collections to be made as may put it with all expedition in practice otherwise it is much to be doubted there will neither come custome nor any thing from thence to England within these few yeares Now if this should be thought an imploiment more fit for ancient Souldiers there bred then such new commers as may goe with me you may please to leaue that to my discretion to accept or refuse such voluntaries that will hazard their fortunes in the trialls of these euents and discharge such of my company that had rather labour the ground then subdue their enemies what releefe I should haue from your Colony I would satisfie and spare them when I could the like courtesie Notwithstanding these doubts I hope to feede them as well as defend them and yet discouer you more land vnknowne then they all yet know if you will grant me such priuiledges as of necessity must be vsed For against any enemy we must be ready to execute the best can be deuised by your state there but not that they shall either take away my men or any thing else to imploy as they please by vertue of their authority and in that I haue done somewhat for New-England as well as Virginia so I would desire liberty and authority to make the best vse I can of my best experiences within the limits of those two Patents and to bring them both in one Map and the Countries betwixt them giuing alwaies that respect to the Gouernors and gouernment as an Englishman doth in Scotland or a Scotchman in England or as the regiments in the Low-countries doe to the Gouernors of the Townes and Cities where they are billited or in Garrison where though they liue with them and are as their seruants to defend them yet not to be disposed on at their pleasure but as the Prince and State doth command them and for my owne paines in particular I aske not any thing but what I can produce from the proper labour of the Saluages Their Answer I Cannot say it was generally for the Company for being published in their Court the most that heard it liked exceeding well of the motion and some would haue been very large Aduenturers in it especially Sir Iohn Brookes and Master Dauid Wyffin but there were such diuisions amongst them I could obtaine no answer but this the charge would be too great their stocke was decayed and they did thinke the Planters should doe that of themselues if I could finde meanes to effect it they did thinke I might haue leaue of the Company prouided they might haue halfe the pillage but I thinke there are not many will much striue for that imploiment for except it be a little Corne at some time of the yeere is to be had I would not giue twenty pound for all the pillage is to be got amongst the Saluages in twenty yeeres but because they supposed I spake only for my owne ends it were good those vnderstand prouidents for the Companies good they so much talke of were sent thither to make triall of their profound wisdomes and long experiences About this time also was propounded a proposition concerning a Sallery of fiue and twenty thousand pounds to be raised out of Tobacco as a yeerely pension to bee paid to certaine Officers for the erecting a new office concerning the sole importation of Tobacco besides his Maiesties custome fraught and all other charges To nominate the vndertakers fauourers and opposers with their arguments pro and con would bee too tedious and needlesse being so publikely knowne the which to establish spent a good part of that yeere and the beginning of the next This made many thinke wonders of Virginia to pay such pensions extraordinary to a few here that were neuer there and also in what state and pompe some Chieftaines and diuers of their associates liue in Virginia and yet no money to maintaine a Garrison pay poore men their wages nor yet fiue and twenty pence to all the Aduenturers here and very little to the most part of the Planters there bred such differences in opinion it was dissolued Now let vs returne to Captaine Croshaw at Patawomek where he had not beene long ere Opechancanough sent two baskets of beads to this King to kill him and his man assuring him of the Massacre he had made and that before the end of two Moones there should not be an Englishman in all their Countries this fearefull message the King told this Captaine who replied he had seene both the cowardise and trechery of Opechancanough sufficiently tried by Captaine Smith therefore his threats he feared not nor for his fauour cared but would nakedly fight with him or any of his with their owne swords if he were slaine he would leaue a letter for his Country men to know the fault was his owne not the Kings two daies the King deliberated vpon an answer at last told him the English were his friends and the Saluage Emperour Opitchapam now called Toyatan was his brother therefore there should be no bloud shed betwixt them so hee returned the Presents willing the Pamavukes to come no more in his Country lest the English though against his will should
t' were to goe to bed or drinke And all thou yet hast done thou dost esteeme As nothing This doth cause me thinke That thou I 'aue seene so oft approu'd in dangers And thrice captiu'd thy valour still hath freed Art yet preserued to conuert those strangers By God thy guide I trust it is decreed For me I not commend but much admire Thy England yet vnknowne to passers by-her For it will praise it selfe in spight of me Thou it it thou to all posterity Your true friend and souldier Ed. Robinson To my honest Captaine the Author MAlignant Times What can be said or done But shall be censur'd and traduc't by some This worthy Worke which thou hast bought so deare Ne thou nor it Detractors need to feare Thy words by deeds so long thou hast approu'd Of thousands know thee not thou art belou'd And this great Plot will make thee ten times more Knowne and belou'd than ere thou wert before I neuer knew a Warrier yet but thee From wine Tobacco debts dice oaths so free I call thee Warrier and I make the bolder For many a Captaine now was neuer Souldier Some such may swell at this but to their praise When they haue done like thee my Muse shall raise Their due deserts to Worthies yet to come To liue like thine admir'd till day of Doome Your true friend sometimes your souldier Tho. Carlton NEW ENGLAND The most remarqueable parts thus named by the high and mighty Prince CHARLES Prince of great Britaine THE PORTRAICTUER OF CAPTAYNE IOHN SMITH ADMIRALL OF NEW ENGLAND These are the Lines that shew thy Face but those That shew thy Grace and Glory brighter bee Thy Faire-Discoueries and Fowle-Overthrowes Of Salvages much Civilliz'd by thee Best shew thy Spirit and to it Glory Wyn So thou art Brasse without but Golde within If so in Brasse too soft Smiths Acts to beare I fix thy Fame to make Brasse steele out weare Thine as thou art Virtues Goâ—â—â— Dauies Heref HONY S OIT QVI MAL Y PENSE A Scale of Leagues Observed and described by Captayn John Smith 1614 London Printed by Geor Low THE SIXTH BOOKE THE GENERALL HISTORIE OF NEW-ENGLAND COncerning this History you are to vnderstand the Letters-Patents granted by his Maiesty in 1606. for the limitation of Virginia did extend from 34. to 44. which was diuided in two parts namely the first Colony and the second the first was to the honourable City of London and such as would aduenture with them to discouer and take their choice where they would betwixt the degrees of 34. and 41. The second was appropriated to the Cities of Bristol Exeter and Plimoth c. and the West parts of England and all those that would aduenture and ioine with them and they might make their choise any where betwixt the degrees of 38. and 44. prouided there should bee at least 100. miles distance betwixt these 2. Colonies each of which had lawes priuileges and authoritie for the gouernment and aduancing their seuerall Plantations alike Now this part of America hath formerly beene called Norumbega Virginia Nuskoncus Penaquida Cannada and such other names as those that ranged the Coast pleased But because it was so mountainous rocky and full of Iles few haue aduentured much to trouble it but as is formerly related notwithstanding that honourable Patron of vertue Sir Iohn Popham Lord chiefe Iustice of England in the yeere 1606. procured meanes and men to possesse it and sent Captaine George Popham for President Captaine Rawley Gilbert for Admirall Captaine Edward Harlow master of the Ordnance Captaine Robert Dauis Sargeant-Maior Captaine Elis Best Marshall Master Seaman Secretary Captaine Iames Dauis to be Captaine of the Fort Master Gome Carew chiefe Searcher all those were of the Councell who with some hundred more were to stay in the Country they set saile from Plimoth the last of May and fell with Monahigan the eleuenth of August At Sagadahock 9. or 10. leagues southward they planted themselues at the mouth of a faire nauigable Riuer but the coast all thereabouts most extreme stony and rocky that extreme frozen Winter was so cold they could not range nor search the Country and their prouision so small they were glad to send all but 45. of their company backe againe their noble President Captaine Popham died and not long after arriued two ships well prouided of all necessaries to supply them and some small time after another by whom vnderstanding of the death of the Lord chiefe Iustice and also of Sir Iohn Gilbert whose lands there the President Rawley Gilbert was to possesse according to the aduenturers directions finding nothing but extreme extremities they all returned for England in the yeere 1608. and thus this Plantation was begunne and ended in one yeere and the Country esteemed as a cold barren mountainous rocky Desart Notwithstanding the right Honourable Henry Earle of South-hampton and those of the I le of Wight imploied Captaine Edward Harlow to discouer an I le supposed about Cape Cod but they found their plots had much abused them for falling with Monahigan they found onely Cape Cod no I le but the maine there they detained three Saluages aboord them called Pechmo Monopet and Pekenimne but Pechmo leapt ouer board and got away and not long after with his consorts cut their Boat from their sterne got her on shore and so filled her with sand and guarded her with Bowes and Arrowes the English lost her not farre from thence they had three men sorely wounded with Arrowes Anchoring at the I le of Nohone the Saluages in their Canowes assaulted the Ship till the English Guns made them retire yet here they tooke Sakaweston that after he had liued many yeeres in England went a Souldier to the warres of Bohemia At Capawo they tooke Coneconam and Epenow but the people at Agawom vsed them kindly so with fiue Saluages they returned for England yet Sir Francis Popham sent diuers times one Captaine Williams to Monahigan onely to trade and make core fish but for any Plantations there was no more speeches For all this as I liked Virginia well though not their proceedings so I desired also to see this country and spend some time in trying what I could finde for all those ill rumors and disasters From the relations of Captaine Edward Harlow and diuers others In the month of Aprill 1614. at the charge of Capt. Marmaduke Roydon Capt. George Langam Mr. Iohn Buley and Mr. William Skelton with two ships from London I chanced to arriue at Monahigan an I le of America in 434. of Northerly latitude out plot was there to take Whales for which we had one Samuel Cramton and diuers others expert in that faculty also to make trialls of a Mine of gold copper if those failed Fish and Furs were then our refuge to make our selues sauers howsoeuer we found this Whale-fishing a costly conclusion we saw many and spent much time in chasing them but could not
a labyrinth of trouble though the greatest of the burden lay-on me and a few of my particular friends I was furnished with a ship of two hundred tunnes and another of fiftie But ere I had sailed one hundred and twentie leagues she brake all her Masts pumping each watch fiue or six thousand strokes onely her spret-saile remained to spoone before the winde till we had re-accommodated a Iury-mast to returne for Plimoth or founder in the Seas My Vice-Admirall being lost not knowing of this proceeded her voyage now with the remainder of those prouisions I got out againe in a small Barke of sixtie tuns with thirty men for this of two hundred and prouision for seuentie which were the sixteene before named and foureteene other Sailers for the ship with those I set saile againe the foure and twentieth of Iune where what befell me because my actions and writings are so publike to the world enuy still seeking to scandalize my endeuours and seeing no power but death can stop the chat of ill tongues nor imagination of mens minds lest my owne relations of those hard euents might by some constructors bee made doubtfull I haue thought it best to insert the examinations of those proceedings taken by Sir Lewis Stukeley a worthy Knight and Vice-Admirall of Deuonshire which was as followeth The Examination of Daniel Baker late Steward to Captaine Iohn Smith in the returne of Plimoth taken before Sir Lewis Stukeley Knight the eighth of December 1615. THE effect in briefe was this being chased by one Fry an English Pirat Edward Chambers the Master Iohn Miller his Mate Thomas Digby the Pylot and diuers others importuned him to yeeld much swaggering wee had with them more then the Pirats who agreed vpon such faire conditions as we desired which if they broke he vowed to sinke rather then be abused Strange they thought it that a Barke of threescore tuns with foure guns should stand vpon such termes they being eightie expert Sea-men in an excellent ship of one hundred and fortie tuns and thirty six cast Peeces and Murderers But when they knew our Captaine so many of them had beene his Souldiers and they but lately runne from Tunis where they had stolne this ship wanted victuall and in combustion amongst themselues would haue yeelded all to his protection or wafted vs any whither but those mutinies occasioned vs to reiect their offer which afterward we all repented For at Fiall we met two French Pirats the one of two hundred tuns the other thirty no disgrace would cause our mutiners fight till the Captaine offered to blow vp the ship rather then yeeld till hee had spent all his powder so that together by the eares we went and at last got cleere of them for all their shot At Flowers we were againe chased with foure French men of warre the Admirall one hundred and fortie tuns and ninety men well armed the rest good ships and as well prouided much parly we had but vowing they were Rochilers and had a Commission from the King onely to secure true men and take Portugals Spaniards and Pirats and as they requested our Captaine went to shew his Commission which was vnder the broad Seale but neither it nor their vowes they so much respected but they kept him rifled our ship manned her with French men and dispersed vs amongst their Fleet within fiue or six daies they were increased to eight or nine saile At last they surrendred vs our ship and most of our prouisions the defects they promised the next day to supply and did Notwithstanding there was no way but our mutiners would for England though we were as neere New England till the major part resolued with our Captaine to proceed But the Admirall sending his Boat for our Captaine they espying a Saile presently gaue chase whereby our mutiners finding an opportunitie in the night ran away and thus left our Captaine in his Cap Bretches and Wast-coat alone among the French men his clothes armes and what he had our mutiners shared among them and with a false excuse faining for feare lest he should turne man of warre they returned for Plimoth fifteene of vs being Land-men not knowing what they did Daniel Cage Edward Stalings Walter Chisell Dauid Cooper Robert Miller and Iohn Partridge vpon oath affirmes this for truth before the Vice-Admirall Now the cause why the French detained mee againe was the suspition this Chambers and Minter gaue them that I would reuenge my selfe vpon the Banke or in New found land of all the French I could there encounter and how I would haue fired the ship had they not ouer-perswaded me and that if I had but againe my Armes I would rather sinke by them then they should haue from me but the value of a Bisket and many other such like tales to catch but opportunitie in this manner to leaue me and thus they returned to Plimoth and perforce with the French men I thus proceeded Being a fleet of eight or nine saile we watched for the West-Indies fleet till ill weather separated vs from the other eight still wee spent our time about the Iles of the Assores where to keepe my perplexed thoughts from too much meditation of my miserable estate I writ this Discourse thinking to haue sent it to you of his Maiesties Councell by some ship or other for I saw their purpose was to take all they could At last we were chased by one Captaine Barra an English Pirat in a small ship with some twelue Peece of Ordnance about thirty men and neere all starued They fought by courtesie releefe of vs who gaue them such faire promises as at last they betraied Captaine Wollistone his Lieutenant and foure or fiue of his men aboord vs and then prouided to take the rest perforce Now my part was to be prisoner in the Gun-roome and not to speake to any of them vpon my life yet had Barra knowledge what I was Then Barra perceiuing well those French intents made ready to fight and Wollistone as resolutely regarded not their threats which caused vs demurre vpon the matter longer some sixteene houres and then returned them againe Captaine Wollistone and all their Prisoners and some victuall also vpon a small composition But whilest we were bartering thus with them a Caruill before our faces got vnder the Castle of Gratiosa from whence they beat vs with their Ordnance The next wee tooke was a small English man of Poole from New found land the great Cabben at this present was my prison from whence I could see them pillage these poore men of all that they had and halfe their fish when hee was gone they sold his poore clothes at the maine Mast by an out-cry which scarce gaue each man seuen pence a peece Not long after we tooke a Scot fraught from Saint Michaels to Bristow he had better fortune then the other for hauing but taken a Boats loading of Sugar Marmelade Suckets and such
abroad Amoris a Salvage his best friend slaine for loving vs. The Discovery of Chickahamine Another proiect to abandon the country * Iehu Robinson and Thomas Emry slaine Captaine Smith taken prisoner The order they observed in then trivmph How he should haue beene slaine at Orapacks How he saued Iames towne from being surprised How they did Coniure him at Pamavnkee How Powhatan entertained him How Pocahontas saved his life How Powhatan sent him to Iames Towne The third proiect to abandon the Countrey A true proofe of Gods loue to the action Of two evils the lesse was chosen The Phoenix from Cape Henry forced to the West Indies Their opinion of our God Smith revisiting Bowhatan Powhatan his entertainement The exchaÌ„ge of a Christian for a Salvage Powhatant speech Differences of opinions Iames towne burnt A ship I dely loytering 14. weekes The effect of meere Verbalists A needlesse charge A returnâ— to England The rebuilding Iames Towne Sixtie appointed to discover the Monacans An ill example to sell swords to Salvages The Presidents weaknesse Smiths attempt to suppresse the Salvages insolencies Powhatans excuse A ship fraught with Cedar S ir Thomas Smith Treasurer A strange mortalitie of Salvages Russels Isles Wighcocomoco An extreame want of fresh water Their Barge neare sunke in a gust Cuskarawaock The first notice oâ— the Massawomeks Bolus Riuer Smithâ— speech to his souldiers The discouery of Patawomek Ambuscadoes of Salvages A trecherous proiect A myne like Antimony An aboundant plenty of fish How to deale with the Salvages Captaine Smith neare killed with a Stingray The Salvages affrighted with their owne suspition Needlesse misery at Iames towne The Salvages admire fire-workes An Incounter with the Massawomeks at the head of the Bay An Incounter with the Tockwhoghs Hatchets from the Sasquesahanocks The Sasquesahanocks offer to the English Pawtuxunt R. Rapahanock R. The exceeding loue of the Salvage Mosco Our fight with the Rapahanocks The Salvages disguised like bushes fight Our fight with the Manahaacks A Salvage shot and taken prisoner His relation of their countries * They cannot trauell but where the woods are burnt How we concluded peace with the foure kings of Monahoke How we became friends with the Rapahanocks The discovery of Payankatank A notable trechery of the Nandsamunds The fight with the Chisapeacks and Nandsamundâ— How they became friends The proceâ—ding at Iames Towne Powhatans scorne when his courtesie was most deserved No better way to overthrow the busines then by our instructors A consultation where all the Councell was against the President Capt. Smith goeth with 4. to Powhatan when Newport feared with 120. A Virginia Maske The Womens entertainement Captaine Smiths message Powhatans answer Powhatans Coronation The discovery of Monacan How the Salvages deluded Cap. Newport A punishment for swearing 3. Men better then 100. The Chickahamania's forced to contribution A bad reward for well-doing A good Taverne in Virginia A bad trade of the masters and saylers Master Scriveners voyage to Werowocomoco Nandsamund forced to contribution The first marriage in Virginia Apamatuck discovered The good counsell of Warraskoyack Plentie of victualls 148 Foules killed at three shootes Cap. Smiths discourse to Powhatan Powhatans reply and flattery Powhatan discourse of peace and warre Capt. Smiths Reply Powhatans importunity to haue vs vnarmed to betray vs. Cap. Smiths discourse to delay time till he found oportunity to surprise the King Powhatans plot to haue murdered Smith A chaine of pearle sent the Captaine for a present Pretending to kill our men loaded with baskets we caused them do it themselues Pocahontas bewrayes her fathers deceit to kill vs. The Dutch men deceiue Cap. Winne The Dutch men furnish the Saluages with Armes Smiths Speech to Opechancanough 700. Saluages beset the English being but 16. Smiths speech to his Company Smiths offer to Opechancanough Opecahncanoughs deuicâ— to betray Smith Smith taketh the King prisoner Smiths discourse to the Pamavnkees The Salvages dissemble their intent Their excuse and reconcilement The losse of Mr. Scrivener and others with a Skiff Master Wyffins desperate iourney Powhatan constraineth his men to be trecherous The third attempt to betray vs. A chayne of pearle sent to obtaine peace The President poysoned the offendâ—r punished The Salvages want and povertie The Dutch-men did much hurt An Apology for the first Planters The Presidents advice to the Company The Dutch-mens plot to murther Cap. Smith Smith taketh the King of Paspahegh prisoner Cap. Smith taketh two Salvages prisoners The Salvages desire Peace Okaning his Oration A Salvage smoothered at Iames towne and recovered Two or three Salvages slaine in drying Powder Great extremitie by Rats Bread made of dried Sturgeon Their desire to destroy themselues The Presidents order for the drones But seuen of 200 dyed in nine monethâ— The Salvages returne our fugitiues Master Sicklemores Iourney to Chawwonoke Master Powels iorney to the Mangoags The Dutch mens proiects Two Gentlemen sent to the Germans The first arriuall of Captaine Argall Note these inconveniences The alteratâ—on of the government S ir Thomas Smith Treasurer The losse of Virginia The Salvages offer to fight vnder our colours Mutinies The planting Nandsamund The breach of peace with the Salvages Powhatan bought for Copper Mutiniâ— Fiue suppresse an hundred and twentie Breach of peace with the Salvage at the Falleâ— An assalt by the Salvages The planting of Non-such The Salvages appeased Captaine Smith blowne vp with powder A bloudy intent The causes why Smith left the Countrey and his Commission The ends of the Dutch-men * Hindereâ—â— The planting Point Comfort The arriuall of Sir Thomas Gates Iames towne abandoned The arriuall of the Lord la Ware Sir George Sommers returne to the Bermudas The building Fort Henry and Fort Charles Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer The Relation of the Lord la Ware 100. Kine and 200. Swine sent to Virginia Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer The arriuall of Sir Thomas Dale His preparation to build a new towne Diuers mutinie suppressed The second arriuall of Sir Thomas Gates The building of Henrico The building the Bermudas Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer Captaine Argals arriuall ☞ How Pocahontas was taken prisoner ☞ Seuen English returned from Powhatan prisoners Sir Thomas Dale his voyage to Pamavuke A man shot in the forehead Two of Powhatans sonnes come to see Pocahontas ☜ The mariage of Pocahontas to Master Iohn Rolfe Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer The Chicahamanias desire friendship Articles of Peace The benefit of libertie in the planters William Spence the first Farmer in Virginia Captaine Argall voyage to Port Royall Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer Master Hamars iourney to Powhatan His message to Powhatan Powhatans answer William Parker recouered From a letter of Sir Thomas Dale and Master Wâ—itakers Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer A Spanish Ship in Virginia Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer A digression The gouernment of Captaine Yeaâ—ley Twelue Saluages slaine twelue prisoners taken and peace concluded 〈◊〉 108 Eleuen men cast away A bad-presiders Pocahontas instructions A relation to Queene Anne of Pocahontas
Pocahontas meeting in England with Captaine Smith Vitamatomack obseruations of his vsage Pocahontas her entertainment with the Queene Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer The death of Pocahontas 1000. bushels of Corne from the Saluages Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer The death of the Lord la Ware They are relieued in New-England Richard Killingbeck and foure other murdered by the Saluages Their Church and Store-house Farfax three children and two boyes also murdered Powhatans death Haile-stones eight inches about Sir Edwin Sands Treasurer Master Iohn Fareâ— Deputie Waraskoyack planted A barrell they account foure bushels Their time of Parlament Foure corporations named Captaine Wards exploit The number of Ships and men Gifts giuen But few performe them The Earle of Southampton Treasurer and M. Iohn Ferrar Deputy A French-man cast away at Guardalupo The Spaniards begin The Vice-Admirall shot betweene wind and water The manner of their fight The Captaine slaine A worthy exploit of Lucas The euent of the fight The Eaâ—le of South-hampton Treasurer Master Iohn Farrar Deputy The election of Sir Francis Wyat Gouernour for Virginia Notes worthy obseruation A degression Master Stockams relation The arriuall of Sir Francis Wyat. Master Gookins Plantation The number of Ships and men Gifts giuen Patents granted My iourney to the Easterne shore A good place to make salt in The King of Pawtxunts entertainment The trecherie of Namanicus Thomas Saluages good seruice The Earle of Southâ—mpton Treasure and Nicolas Farrar Deputy Fiue and twentie sent only to build Barks and Boats The death of Nemattanow writ by M. Wimp Security a bad guard The manner of the massacre Their cruelty The murder of Master Thorp The slauâ—hter of Captaine Powell A Saluage slaine M. Baldwines escape M. Thomas Hamer with 22 escapeth Captaine Ralfe Hamer with forty escapeth The Saluages attempt to surprise a ship Six of the Councell slaine How it was reuealed Memorandums Captaine Smith His Maiesties gâ—t London sets out 100 persons A lamentable example tâ—o oft appâ—oued Note this conclusion How the Spaniaâ—ds raise their wealth in the West Indies How they were reduced to fiue or six places Gookiâ—s and 〈◊〉 resolutions The opinion of Captaine Smith The prouidence of Captaine Nuse Captaine Croshaw his voyage to Patawomâ—k The arriuall of this newes in England Captaine Smiths offer to the Company Their answer The manner of the Sallery Captaine Croshaw states at Patawomek and his aduentures The escape of Waters and his Wâ—â—e The arriuall of Captaine 〈◊〉 at Patawomek Croshaws Fort and plot for trade â—â—â—taine Madysâ—â—â—ent â—ent to Patawâ—mâ—k The industry of Captaine Nuse Captaine Powel kils 3. Saluages The opinion of Captaine Smith Sir George Yearleys iourny to Accomack Captaine Nuse his misery An Alarum foure slaine The kindnesse of the King of Patawomek A Saluageâ— policy Madâ—son takes the Kâ—ng and kils 30. oâ— 40. The King set at liberty A digression Their proceedings of the other plantations 300 surpriseth Nandsamund Samuell Collyer slaine They surprise Pamavuke The opinion of Captaine Smith How to subiect all the Saluages in Virginia The arriuall of Captaine Butler his accidents A strange deliueraâ—ce of Master Aâ—gent others How Captaine Spilman was left in the Riuer of Patawomek The Earle of Southampton Treasurer Apparell for one man and so after the rate for more The causes of our first miseries But â—8 English in all Virginia Proofes of the healthfulnesse of the Countrey How the Saluages became subiected How we liued of the natural fruits of the Countrey Proofe of the Commodities we returned What we built How I left the Country My charge My reward The King hath pleased to take it iâ—to 〈◊〉 â—â—â—sideration The description of the Iles. The clime temper and fertility Trees and Fruits The Prickell Peare The poison weed The red weed The purging Beane The costiue tree Red Pepper The Sea feather Fruits transported Birds Egge-Birds Cahowes The Tropicke Bird and the Pemblicos presagements Of Vermine 〈◊〉 Ashes The most hurtfull things in those Iles. How it is supposed they were called the Bermudâ—â— The building and calking their Barke His returne for England A most desperate estate by a storm The care and iudgement of Sir George Somers An euident token of Gods mercy Sir George Somers 〈…〉 What meanes they mâ—de to send to Virginia A mariage and two children borne Their arriuall in Virginia Sir George Sâ—mmers his returne to the Bermudas 〈…〉 The proceedings of the three men A peece of Amber-greece of 80. pound weight How they were supplied 1611. The arriuall of Master More 1612. Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer Their differences about the Amber-greece Chard in danger of hanging Master Mores industry in fortifying and planting A contention of the Minister agâ—inst the Gouernor Two peeces wâ—â—hed out of the Sea Aduenture The first supply 1613. The second supply Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer A strange increase of Potatoes The attempt of two Spanish ships A great famine and mortalitie Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer A strange being of Rauens All workes abandoned to get onely victual A supply and M. Mores returne Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer Master Carter Captaine Kendall Capt. Mansfield A wonderfull accident Treasure found in the Summer Iles. A new Gouernor chosen Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer Captaine Tuckars proceedings A Barke sent to the West Indies The Assises The strange aduenture of fiue men in a boat Plants from the West Indies The exploits of Captain Powâ—ll The second Assise The third Assise Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer The countrey neere deuoured with rats A strange confusion of rats The returne of M. Powel from the Indies A supposed mutiny by M. Pollard and M. Rich. 1618. The diuision of the Iles into Tribes Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer The first Magazin Two exploits of desperate Fugitiues The arriuall of the Blessing The arriuall of two ships Captaine Butler chosen Gouernor A plat-forme burnt and much hurt by a Hericano 1619. The refortifying the Kings Castle Amber-greece found The arriuall of two Dutch Frigots The differences betwixt the Ministers The rebuilding the Mount. The Tombe of Sir George Summers Their manner of lawes reformed Martiall Officers Ciuill Officers and Courts The second Assise A generall assemblie in manner a Parliament Their Acts. The arriuall of the Magazin ship 70000. weight of Tobacco The building of three bridges and other works The generall Assises and the proceedings A strange deliuerance of a Spanish wracke How they solemnized the powder treason and the arriuall of two ships The Spaniards returne and in danger againe 1621. Three English Murderers found in the Spanish wracke Their Assises and other passages A strange Sodomy More trialls about the wracks The Planters complaints The returne of Captaine Butler The Lord Caueâ—dâ—sh Tâ—easuâ—er Master Nicholas Farrar Deputy Sir Edward Sackuil Treasurer Master Gabriel Barber Deputy Note 1624. Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer and Master Edwards Deputy Sir Francis Popham Treasurer My first voyage to New England 1614. The coÌ„modities I got amounted to 1500. pounds The trechery of Master Hunt How Prince Charles
maine and discovered the Townes of Pomeiok Aquascogoc Secctan and the great Lake called Paquipe At Aquascogoc the Indians stole a siluer Cup wherefore we burnt the Towne and spoyled their corne so returned to our fleete at Tocokon Whence we wayed for Hatorask where we rested and Granganimeo King Wingina's brother with Mâ—nteo came abord our Admirall the Admirall went for Weapomeiok Master Iohn Arundell for England Our Generall in his way home tooke a rich loaden ship of 300. tunns with which he ariued at Plimouth the 18. of September 1585. These were left vnder the command of Master Ralph Layne to inhabite the Country but they returned within a yeare Philip Amidas Admirall Master Thomas Heryot Master Acton Master Stafford Master Thomas Luddington Master Maruyn Cap. Vaghan Master Gardiner Master Kendall Master Predeox Master Rogers Master Haruy. Master Snelling Master Antony Russe Master Allen. Master Michaell Pollison Master Thomas Bockner Master Iames mason Master Dauid Salter Master Iames Skinner With diuers others to the number of 108. Touching the most remarkeable things of the Country and our proceeding from the 17 of August 1585. till the 18. of Iune 1586. we made Roanoack our habitation The vtmost of our discouery Southward was Secotan as we esteemed 80. leagues from Roanoacke The passage from thence was thought a broad sound within the maine being without kenning of land yet full of flats and shoulds that our Pinnasse could not passe we had but one boat with 4. ores that would carry but 15. men with their prouisions for 7. dayes so that because the winter approached we left those discoueries till a stronger supply To the Northward our farthest was to a Towne of the Chesapeacks from Roanoack 130. myles The passage is very shallow and dangerous by reason of the breadth of the sound and the little succour for a storme but this teritory being 15. myle from the shoare for pleasantnest of seate for temporature of climate fertility of soyle and comoditie of the Sea besides beares good woods Saxefras Walnuts c. is not to be excelled by any other whatsoeuer There be sundry other Kings they call Weroances as the Mangoacks Trypaniks and opposians which came to visit vs. To the northwest our farthest was Chawonock from Roanoack 130. myles our passage lyeth through a broad sound but all fresh water and the channell Nauigable for a Ship but out of it full of shoules The townes by the way by the water are Passaquenock the womens towne Chepanoe Weapomciok from Muscamunge wee enter the riuer and iurisdiction of Chawonock there it beginneth to straiten and at Chawonock it is as Thames at Lambeth betwixt them as we passed is goodly high land on the left hand and there is a towne called Ohanock where is a great corne field it is subiect to Chawonock which is the greatest Prouince vpon the riuer and the Towne it selfe can put seuen hundred men into the field besides the forces of the reâ—t The King is lame but hath more vnderstanding then all the rest The river of Moratoc is more famous then all the rest and openeth into the sound of Weapometok and where there is but a very small currant in Chawonock it hath so strong a currant from the Southwest as we doubted how to row against it Strange things they report of the head of this riuer and of Moratoc it selfe a principall towne on it is thirtie or fortie dayes Iourney to the head This lame King is called Menatonon When I had him prisoner two dayes he told mee that 3. dâ—yes Iourney in a Canow vp the riuer Chawonock then landing going foure dayes Iourney Northeast there is a King whose Country lyeth on the Sea but his best place of strength is an Iland in a Bay inuironed with deepe water where he taketh that abundance of Pearle that not onely his skins and his nobles but also his beds and houses are garnished therewith This king was at Chawonock two yeares agoe to trade with blacke pearle his worst sort whereof I had a rope but they were naught but that King he sayth hath store of white and had trafficke with white men for whom he reserued them he promised me guides to him but aduised me to goe strong for he was vnwilling strangers should come in his Country for his Country is populous and valiant men If a supply had come in Aprill I resolued to haue sent a small Barke to the Northward to haue found it whilest I with small Boates and 200. men would haue gone to the head of the riuer Chawonock with sufficient guides by land inskonsing my selfe euery two dayes where I would leaue Garrisons for my retreat till I came to this Bay Very neare vnto it is the riuer of Moratoc directly from the West the head of it springeth out of a mayne Rocke which standeth so neare the Sea that in stormes the Sea beats ouer it into this fresh spring that of it selfe at the surse is a violent streame I intended with two Wherries and fortie persons to haue Menatonons sonne for guide to try this presently till I could meete with some of the Moratocks or Mangoaks but hoping of getting more victuall from the Saluages we as narrowly escaped staruing in that Discouery as euer men did For Pemissapan who had changed his name of Wingina vpon the death of his brother Granganameo had giuen both the Chawonests and Mangoaks word of my purpose also he told me the Chawonocks had assembled two or three thousand to assault me at Roanok vrging me daily to goe against them and them against vs a great assembly I found at my comming thether which suddaine approach did so dismay them that we had the better of them this confederacy against vs was procured by Pemissapan himselfe our chiefe friend we trusted he sent word also to the Moratoks and the Mangoaks I came to inuade them that they all fled vp into the high Country so that where I assured my selfe both of succour and prouision I found all abandoned But being thus farre on my iourney 160. myles from home and but victuals for two dayes besides the casualties of crosse winds stormes and the Saluages trechery though we intended no hurt to any I gaue my Company to vnderstand we were onely drawne forth vpon these vaine hopes by the Saluages to bring vs to confusion a Councell we held to goe forward or returne but they all were absolutely resolued but three that whilst there was but one pynt of Corne for a man they would not leaue the search of that riuer for they had two Mastiue Dogs which boyled with Saxefras leaues if the worst fell out vpon them and the pottage they would liue two dayes which would bring them to the sound where they should finde fish-for two dayes more to passe it to Roanock which two dayes they had rather fast then goe backe a foote till they had seene the Mangoaks either as friends
Waraskoyack the 20 of Iuly where trimming her with painted streamers and such devises as we could we made them at Iames towne iealous of a Spanish Frigot where we all God be thanked safely arrived the 21 of Iuly There we found the last Supply were all sicke the rest some lame some bruised all vnable to doe any thing but complaine of the pride and vnreasonable needlesse crueltie of the silly President that had riotously consumed the store and to fulfill his follies about building him an vnnecessary building for his pleasure in the woods had brought them all to that misery that had we not arrived they had as strangely tormented him with revenge but the good newes of our Discovery and the good hope we had by the Salvages relation that our Bay had stretched into the South Sea or somewhat neare it appeased their fury but conditionally that Ratliffe should be deposed and that Captaine Smith would take vpon him the government as by course it did belong Their request being effected he substituted Mr Scrivener his deare friend in the Presidency equally distributing those private provisions the other had ingrossed appointing more honest officers to assist master Scrivener who then lay exceeding sicke of a Callenture and in regard of the weaknesse of the company and heate of the yeare they being vnable to worke he left them to liue at ease to recover their healths but imbarked himselfe to finish his Discovery Written by Walter Russell Anas Todkill and Thomas Momford CHAP. VI. The Government surrendred to Master Scrivener What happened the second Voyage in discovering the Bay THe 24 of Iuly Captaine Smith set forward to finish the discovery with twelue men their names were Gentlemen Nathaniell Powell Thomas Momford Richard Fetherston Michell Sicklemore Iames Bourne Anthony Bagnall Chir. Souldiers Ionas Profit Anas Todkill Edward Pising Richard Keale Iames Watkins William Ward The wind being contrary caused our stay two or three dayes at Kecoughtan the King feasted vs with much mirth his people were perswaded we went purposely to be revenged of the Massawomeks In the evening we fired a few rackets which flying in the ayre so terrified the poore Salvages they supposed nothing vnpossible we attempted and desired to assist vs. The first night we anchored at Stingray Isle The next day crossed Patawomeks river and hasted to the river Bolus We went not much further before we might see the Bay to divide in two heads and arriving there we found it divided in foure all which we searched so farre as we could sayle them Two of them we found inhabited but in crossing the Bay we incountred 7 or 8 Canowes full of Massawomeks we seeing them prepare to assault vs left our Oares and made way with our sayle to incounter them yet were we but fiue with our Captaine that could stand for within 2 dayes after we left Kecoughtan the rest being all of the last supply were sicke almost â—o death vntill they were seasoned to the Country Having shut them vnder our Tarpawling we put their hats vpon stickes by the Barges side and betwixt two hats a man with two peeces to make vs seeme many and so we thinke the Indians supposed those hats to be men for they fled with all possible speed to the shore and there stayed staring at the sayling of our barge till we anchored right against them Long it was ere we could draw them to come vnto vs. At last they sent two of their company vnarmed in a Canow the rest all followed to second them if neede required These two being but each presented with a bell brought aboord all their fellowes presenting our Captaine with venison beares flesh fish bowes arrowes clubs targets and beares-skinnes We vnderstood them nothing at all but by signes whereby they signified vnto vs they had beene at warres with the Tockwoghes the which they confirmed by shewing vs their greene wounds but the night parting vs we imagined they appointed the next morning to meete but after that we never saw them Entring the river of Tockwogh the Salvages all armed in a fleete of boats after their barbarous manner round invironed vs so it chanced one of them could speake the language of Powhatan who perswaded the rest to a friendly parley But when they saw vs furnished with the Massawomeks weapons and we faining the invention of Kecoughtan to haue taken them perforce they conducted vs to their pallizadoâ—d towne mantelled with the barkes of trees with scaffolds like mounts brested about with brests very formally Their men women and children with daunces songs fruits furres and what they had kindly welcommed vs spreading matâ— for vs to sit on stretching their best abilities to expresse their loues Many hatchets kniues peeces of iron and brasse we saw amongst them which they reported to haue from the Sasquesahanocks a mightie people and mortall enemies with the Massawomeks The Sasquesahanocks inhabit vpon the chiefe Spring of these foure branches of the Bayes head two dayes iourney higher then our barge could passe for rocks yet we prevailed with the Interpreter to take with him another Interpreter to perswade the Sasquesahanocks to come visit vs for their language are different Three or foure dayes we expected their returne then sixtie of those gyant-like people came downe with presents of Venison Tobacco pipes three foot in length Baskets Targets Bowes and Arrowes Fiue of their chiefe Werowances came boldly aboord vs to crosse the Bay for Tockwhogh leaving their men and Canowes the wind being so high they durst not passe Our order was daily to haue Prayer with a Psalme at which solemnitie the poore Salvages much wondred our Prayers being done a while they were busied with a consultation till they had contrived their businesse Then they began in a most passionate manner to hold vp their hands to the Sunne with a most fearefull song then imbracing our Captaine they began to adore him in like manner though he rebuked them yet they proceeded till their song was finished which done with a most strange furious action and a hellish voyce began an Oration of their loues that ended with a great painted Beares skin they covered him then one ready with a great chayne of white Beads weighing at least six or seaven pound hung it about his necke the others had 18 mantels made of divers sorts of skinnes sowed together all these with many other toyes they layd at his feete stroking their ceremonious hands about his necke for his Creation to be their Governour and Protector promising their aydes victualls or what they had to be his if he would stay with them to defend and revenge them of the Massawomecks But we left them at Tockwhogh sorrowing for our departure yet we promised the next yeare againe to visit them Many descriptions and discourses they made vs of Atquanachuck Massawomek other people signifying they inhabit vpon a great water beyond the mountaines which we vnderstood to be some great
behind and before with a few greene leaues their bodies all painted some of one colour some of another but all differing their leader had a fayre payre of Bucks hornes on her head and an Otters skinne at her girdle and another at her arme a quiver of arrowes at her backe a bow and arrowes in her hand the next had in her hand a sword another a club another a pot-sticke all horned alike the rest every one with their severall devises These fiends with most hellish shouts and cryes rushing from among the trees cast themselues in a ring about the fire singing and dauncing with most excellent ill varietie oft falling into their infernall passions and solemnly againe to sing and daunce having spent neare an houre in this Mascarado as they entred in like manner they departed Having reaccōmodated themselues they solemnly invited him to their lodgings where he was no sooner within the house but all these Nymphes more tormented him then ever with crowding pressing and hanging about him most tediously crying Loue you not me loue you not me This salutation ended the feast was set consisting of all the Salvage dainties they could devise some attending others singing and dauncing about them which mirth being ended with fire-brands in stead of Torches they conducted him to his lodging Thus did they shew their feats of armes and others art in dauncing Some other vs'd there oaten pipe and others voyces chanting The next day came Powhatan Smith delivered his message of the presents sent him and redelivered him Namontack he had sent for England desiring him to come to his Father Newport to accept those presents and conclude their revenge against the Monacans Wherevnto this subtile Savage thus replyed If your King haue sent me Presents I also am a King and this is my land eight dayes I will stay to receiue them Your Father is to come to me not I to him nor yet to your Fort neither will I bite at such a bait as for the Monacans I can revenge my owne iniuries and as for Atquanachuk where you say your brother was slaine it is a contrary way from those parts you suppose it but for any salt water beyond the mountaines the Relations you haue had from my people are false Wherevpon he began to draw plots vpon the ground according to his discourse of all those Regions Many other discourses they had yet both content to giue each other content in complementall Courtesies and so Captaine Smith returned with this Answer Vpon this the Presents were sent by water which is neare an hundred myles and the Captains went by land with fiftie good shot All being met at Werowocomoco the next day was appointed for his Coronation then the presents were brought him his Bason and Ewer Bed and furniture set vp his scarlet Cloke and apparell with much adoe put on him being perswaded by Namontack they would not hurt him but a soule trouble there was to make him kneele to receiue his Crowne he neither knowing the maiesty nor meaning of a Crowne nor bending of the knee endured so many perswasions examples and instructions as tyred them all at last by leaning hard on his shoulders he a little stooped and three having the crowne in their hands put it on his head when by the warning of a Pistoll the Boats were prepared with such a volley of shot that the King start vp in a horrible feare till he saw all was well Then remembring himselfe to congratulate their kindnesse he gaue his old shooes and his mantell to Captaine Newport but perceiving his purpose was to discover the Monacans he laboured to divert his resolution refusing to lend him either men or guides more then Namontack and so after some small complement all kindnesse on both sides in requitall of his presents he presented Newport with a heape of wheat eares that might containe some 7 or 8 Bushels and as much more we bought in the Towne wherewith we returned to the Fort. The Ship having disburdened her selfe of 70 persons with the first Gentlewoman and woman-seruant that arrived in our Colony Captaine Newport with 120 chosen men led by Captaine Waldo Lieutenant Percie Captaine Winne Mr West and Mr Scrivener set forward for the discovery of Monacan leaving the President at the Fort with about 80. or 90. such as they were to relade the Ship Arriving at the Falles we marched by land some fortie myles in two dayes and a halfe and so returned downe the same path we went Two townes we discovered of the Monacans called Massinacak and Mowhemenchouch the people neither vsed vs well nor ill yet for our securitie we tooke one of their petty Kings and led him bound to conduct vs the way And in our returnes searched many places we supposed Mines about which we spent some time in refyning having one William Gallicut a refyner fitted for that purpose From that crust of earth we digged he perswaded vs to beleeue he extracted some small quantitie of silver and not vnlikely better stuffe might be had for the digging With this poore tryall being contented to leaue this fayre fertile well watered Country and comming to the Falles the Salvages fayned there were divers ships come into the Bay to kill them at Iames Towne Trade they would not and finde their Corne we could not for they had hid it in the woods and being thus deluded we arrived at Iames Towne halfe sicke all complaining and tyred with toyle famine and discontent to haue onely but discovered our guilded hopes and such fruitlesse certainties as Captaine Smith fortold vs. But those that hunger seeke to slake Which thus abounding wealth would rake Not all the gemmes of Ister shore Nor all the gold of Lydia's store Can fill their greedie appetite It is a thing so infinite No sooner were we landed but the President dispersed so many as were able some for Glasse others for Tarre Pitch and Sope-ashes leauing them with the Fort to the Councels oversight but 30 of vs he conducted downe the river some 5 myles from Iames towne to learne to make Clapbord cut downe trees and lye in woods Amongst the rest he had chosen Gabriel Beadle and Iohn Russell the onely two gallants of this last Supply and both proper Gentlemen Strange were these pleasures to their conditions yet lodging eating and drinking working or playing they but doing as the President did himselfe All these things were carried so pleasantly as within a weeke they became Masters making it their delight to heare the trees thunder as they fell but the Axes so oft blistered their tender fingers that many times every third blow had a loud othe to drowne the eccho for remedie of which sinne the President devised how to haue every mans othes numbred and at night for every othe to haue a Cann of water powred downe his sleeue with which every offender was so washed himselfe and all that a man should scarce heare an othe
Commission I was content to be overrulâ—d by the maior part of the Councell I feare to the hazard of vs all which now is generally confessed when it is too late Onely Captaine Winne and Captaine Waldo I haue sworne of the Councell and Crowned Powhatan according to you instructions For thâ— charge of this Voyage of two or three thousand pounds we haue not receiued the value of an hundred pounds And for the quartred Boat to be borne by thâ— Souldiers over the Falles Newport had 120 of the best men he could chuse If he had burnt her to ashâ—s one might haue carried her in a bag but as she is fiue hundred cannâ—t to a navigable place aboue the Falles And for him at that time to find in the South Sea a Mine of gold or any of them sent by Sir Walter Raleigh at our Consultation I told them was as likely as the rest But during this great discovery of thirtie myles which might as well haue beene done by one man and much more for the value of a pound of Copper at a seasonable tyme they had the Pinnace and all the Boats with thâ—m but one that remained with me to serue the Fort. In their absence I followed the new begun workes of Pitch and Tarre Glasse Sope-ashes and Clapboord whereof some small quantities we haue sent you But if you rightly consider what an infinite toyle it is in Russia and Swethland where the woods are proper for naught els and though there be the helpe both of man and beast in those ancient Common-wealths which many an hundred yeares haue vsed it yet thousands of those poore people can scarce gâ—t necessaries to liue but from hâ—nd to mouth And though your Factors there can buy as much in a week as will fraught you a ship or as much as you please you must not expect from vs any such matter which are but a many of ignorant miserable soules that are scarce able to get wherewith to liue and defend our selues against the inconstant Salvages finding but here and there a tree fit for the purpose and want all things els the Russians haue For the Coronation of Pâ—whatan by whose advice you sent him such presents I know not but this giue me leaue to tell you I feare thâ—y will be the confusion of vs all ere we heare from you againe At your Ships arrivall the Salvages harvest was newly gathered and we going to buy it our owne not being halfe sufficient for so great a number As for the two ships loading of Corne Nâ—wport prâ—mised to provide vs from Powhatan he brought vs but foureteene Bushels and from the Monacans nothing but the most of the men sicke and neare famished From your Ship we had not provision in victuals worth twenty pound and we are more then two hundred to liue vpon this the one halfe sicke the other little better For the Saylers I confesse they daily make good cheare but our dyet is a little meale and water and not sufficient of that Though there be fish in the Sea foules in the ayre and Beasts in the woods their bounds are so large they so wilde and we so weake and ignorant we cannot much trouble them Captaine Newport we much suspect to be the Authour of those inventions Now that you should know I haue made you as great a discovery as he for lesse charge then he spendeth you every meale I haue sent you this Mappe of the Bay and Rivers with an annexed Relation of the Countries and Nations that inhabit them as you may see at large Also two barrels of stones and such as I take to be good Iron ore at the least so devided as by their notes you may see in what places I found them The Souldiers say many of your officers maintaine their families out of that you send vs and that Newport hath an hundred pounds a yeare for carrying newes For every master you haue yet sent can find the way as well as he so that an hundred pounds might be spared which is more then we haue all thâ—t helpe to pay him wages Cap. Ratliffe is now called Sicklâ—more a poore counterfeited Imposture I haue sent you him home least the company should cut his throat What he is now every one can tell you if he and Archer returne againe they are sufficient to keepe vs alwayes in factions When you send againe I intreat you rather send but thirty Caâ—penters husbandmen gardiners fisher men blacksmiths masons and diggers vp of trees roots well provided then a thousand of such as we haue for except wee be able both to lodge them and feed them the most will consume with want of necessaries before they can be made good for any thing Thus if you please to consider this account and of the vnnecessary wages to Captaine Newport or his ships so long lingering and staying here for notwithstanding his boasting to leaue vs victuals for 12 monâ—ths though we had 89 by this discovery lame and sicke and but a pinte of Corne a day for a man we were constrained to giue him three hogsheads of that to victuall him homeward or yet to send into Germany or Poleland for glasse-men the rest till we be able to sustaine our selues and relieue them when they come It were better to giue fiue hundred pound a tun for those grosse Commodities in Denmarke then send for them hither till more necessary things be provided For in over-toyling our weake and vnskilfull bodies to satisfie this desire of present profit we can scarce ever recover our selues from one Supply to another And I humbly intreat you hereafter let vs know what we should receiue and not stand to the Saylers courtesie to leaue vs what they please els you may charge vs with what you will but we not you with any thing These are the causes that haue kept vs in Virginia from laying such a foundation that â—re this might haue given much better content and satisfaction but as yet you must not looke for any profitable returnes so I humbly rest The Names of those in this Supply were these with their Proceedings and Accidents Captaine Peter Winne Captaine Richard Waldo were appoynted to be of the Councell Master Francis VVest brother to the Lord La VVarre Gent. Thomas Graues Raleigh Chroshaw Gabriel Beadle Iohn Beadle Iohn Russell William Russell Iohn Cuderington William Sambage Henry Leigh Henry Philpot. Harmon Harrison Daniel Tucker Henry Collins Hugh Wolleston Iohn Hoult Thomas Norton George Yarington George Burton Thomas Abbay William Dowman Thomas Maxes Michael Lowick Master Hunt Thomas Fâ—rrâ—st Iohn Dauxe Tradsmen Thomas Phâ—lps Iohn Prat. Iohn Clarke Ieffrey Shortridge Dionis Oconor Hugh Winne Dauid ap Hugh Thomas Bradley Iohn Burraâ— Thomas Lâ—vander Henry Bell. Master Powell David Ellis Thomas Gibson Labourers Thomas Dawse Thomas Mallard William Tayler Thomas Fox Nicholas Hancock Walker Williams Floud Morley Rose Scot. Hardwyn Boyes Milman Hilliard Mistresse Forrest and Anne Burras her maide eight Dutch men and
Poles with some others to the number of seaventie persons c. These poore conclusions so affrighted vs all with famine that the President provided for Nâ—ndsamund and tooke with him Captaine Winne and Mr Scrivener then returning from Captaine Newport These people also long denied him not onely the 400 Baskets of Corne thâ—y promised but any trade at all excusing themselues they had â—pent most they had and were commanded by Powhatan to keepe that they had and not to let vs come into their river till we were constrained to begin with them perforce Vpon the discharging of our Muskets they all fled and shot not an Arrow the first house we came to we set on fire which when they perceiued they desired we would make no more spoyle and they would giue vs halfe they had how they collected it I know not but before night they loaded our three Boats and so we returned to our quarter some foure myles downe the River which was onely the open woods vnder the lay of a hill where all the ground was covered with snow and hard frozen the snow we digged away and made a great fire in the place when the ground was well dryed we turned away the fire and covering the place with a mat there we lay very warme To keepe vs from the winde we made a shade of another Mat as the winde turned we turned our shade and when the ground grew cold we remoued the fire And thus many a cold winter night haue wee laine in this miserable manner yet those that most commonly went vpon all those occasions were alwayes in health lusty and sat For sparing them this yeare the nâ—xt yeare they promised to plant purposely for vs and so we returned to Iames towne About this time there was a marriage betwixt Iohn Laydon and Anne Burras which was the first marriage we had in Virginia Long he stayed not but fitting himselfe and Captaine Waldo with two Barges From Chawopoweanock and all parts thereabouts all the people were fled as being iealous of our intents till we discovered the rivâ—r and people of Apamatuck where we found not much that they had we equally divided but gaue them copper and such things as contented them in consideration Master Scrivener and Lieutenant Percie went also abroad but could find nothing The President seeing the procrastinating of time was no course to liue resolved with Captaine Waldo whom he knew to be sure in time of need to surprise Powhatan and all his provision but the vnwillingnesse of Captaine Winne and Master Scrivener for some private respect plotted in England to ruine Captaine Smith did their best to hinder their proiect but the President whom no perswasions could perswade to starue being invited by Powhatan to come vnto him and if he would send him but men to build him a house giue him a gryndstone fiftie swords some peeces a cock and a hen with much copper and beads he would loâ—d his Ship with Corne. The President not ignorant of his devises and subtiltie yet vnwilling to neglect any opportunitie presently sent three Dutch-men and two English having so small allowance few were able to doe any thing to purpose knowing there needed no better a Castle to effect this proiect tooke order with Captaine Waldo to second him if need required Scrivener he left his substitute and set forth with thâ— Pinnace two Barges and fortie-six men which onely were such as voluntarily offered themselues for his Iourney the which by reason of Mr Scriveners ill successe was censured very desperate they all knowing Smith would not returne emptie if it were to be had howsoever it caused many of those that he had appointed to find excuses to stay behinde CHAP. VIII Captaine Smiths Iourney to Pamavnkee THe twentie-nine of December he set forward for Werowocomoco his Company were these In the Discovery Barge himselfe Gent. Robert Behethland Nathanael Graues Iohn Russell Raleigh Chrashow Michael Sicklemore Richard Worley Souldiers Anas Todkill William Loue. William Bentley Ieffrey Shortridge Edward Pising William Ward In the Pinnace Lieutenant Percie brother to the Earle of Northumberland Master Francis West brother to the Lord La Warre William Phittiplace Captaine of the Pinnace Gent. Michael Phittiplace Ieffrey Abbot Serieant William Tankard George Yarington Iames Browne Edward Brinton George Burton Thomas Coe Ionas Profit Master Robert Ford Clarke of the Councell Iohn Dods Souldier Henry Powell Souldier Thomas Gipson David Ellis Nathanael Peacock Saylers Iohn Prat George Acrig Iames Read Nicholas Hancock Iames Watkins Thomas Lambert foure Dutch-men and Richard Salvage were sent by land before to build the house for Powhatan against our Arrivall This company being victualled but for three or foure dayes lodged the first night at Warraskoyack where the President tooke sufficient provision This kind King did his best to divert him from seeing Powhatan but perceiuing he could not prevaile he advised in this manner Captaine Smith you shall find Powhatan to vse you kindly but trust him not and be sure he haue no oportunitie to seize on your Armes for he hath sent for you onely to cut your throats The Captaine thanking him for his good counsell yet the better to try his loue desired guides to Chawwonock for he would send a present to that King to bind him his friend To performe this iourney was sent Mr Sicklemore a very valiant honest and a painefull Souldier with him two guides and directions how to seeke for the lost company of Sir Walter Raleighs and silke Grasse Then we departed thence the President assuring the King perpetuall loue and left with him Samuâ—l Collier his Page to learne the Language So this Kings deeds by sacred Oath adiur'd More wary proues and circumspect by ods Fearing at least his double forfeiture To offend his friends and sin against his Gods The next night being lodged at Kecoughtan six or seaven dayes the extreame winde rayne frost and snow caused vs to keepe Christmas among the Salvages where we were never more merry nor fed on more plentie of good Oysters Fish Flesh Wild-soule and good bread nor never had better fires in England then in the dry smoaky houses of Kecoughtan but departing thence when we found no houses we were not curious in any weather to lye three or foure nights together vnder the trees by a fire as formerly is sayd An hundred fortie eight foules the President Anthony Bagnall and Serieant Pising did kill at three shoots At Kiskiack the frost contrary winds forced vs three or foure dayes also to suppresse the insolency of those proud Salvages to quarter in their houses yet guard our Barge and cause them giue vs what we wanted though we were but twelue and himselfe yet we never wanted shelter where we found any houses The 12 of Ianuary we arrived at Werowocomoco where the river was frozen neare halfe a myle from the shore but to neglect no time the President with his Barge so
related vnto you the present estate of that small part of Virginia wee frequent and possesse Since there was a ship fraughted with prouision and fortie men and another since then with the like number and prouision to stay twelue moneths in the Countrie with Captaine Argall which was sent not long after After hee had recreated and refreshed his Companie hee was sent to the Riuer Patawomeake to trade for Corne the Saluages about vs hauing small quarter but friends and foes as they found aduantage and opportunitie But to conclude our peace thus it happened Captaine Argall hauing entred into a great acquaintance with Iapazaws an 〈…〉 of Captaine Smiths and so to all our Nation euer since â—ee dâ—scouered the Countrie hard by him there was Pocahontas whom Captaine Smiths Relations intituleth the Numparell of Virginia and though she had beene many times a preseruer of him and the whole Colonie yet till this accident shee was neuer seene at Iames towne since his departure being at Patawomâ—ke as it seemes thinking her selfe vnknowne was easily by her friend Iapazaws perswaded to goe abroad with him and his wife to see the ship for Captaine Argall had promised him a Copper Kettle to bring her but to him promising no way to hurt her but keepe her till they could conclude a peace with her father the Saluage for this Copper Kettle would haue done any thing it seemâ—d by the Relation for though she had seene and beene in many ships yet hee caused his wife to faine how desirous she was to see one and that hee offered to beat her for her importunitie till she wept But at last he told her if Pocahontas would goe with her hee was content and thus they betraied the poore innocent Pocahontas aboord where they were all kindly feasted in the Cabbin Iapazaws treading oft on the Captaines foot to remember he had done his part the Captaine when he saw his time perswaded Pocahontas to the Gun-roome faining to haue some conference with Iapazaws which was onely that she should not perceiue hee was any way guiltie of her captiuitie so sending for her againe hee told her before her friends she must goe with him and compound peace betwixt her Countrie and vs before she euer should see Powhatan whereat the old Iew and his wife began to howle and crie as fast as Pocahontas that vpon the Captaines faire perswasions by degrees pacifying her selfe and Iapazaws and his wife with the Kettle and other toies went merrily on shore and shee to Iames towne A messenger forthwith was sent to her father that his daughter Pocahontas he loued so dearely he must ransome with our men swords peeces tooles c. hee trecherously had stolne This vnwelcome newes much troubled Powhatan because hee loued both his daughter and our commodities well yet it was three moneths after ere hee returned vs any answer then by the perswasion of the Councell he returned seuen of our men with each of them an vnseruiceable Musket and sent vs word that when wee would deliuer his daughter hee would make vs satisfaction for all iniuries done vs and giue vs fiue hundred bushels of Corne and for euer be friends with vs. That he sent we receiued in part of payment and returned him this answer That his daughter should be well vsed but we could not beleeue the rest of our armes were either lost or stolne from him and therefore till hee sent them we would keepe his daughter This answer it seemed much displeased him for we heard no more from him a long time after when with Captaine Argals ship and some other vessels belonging to the Colonie Sir Thomas Dale with a hundred and fiftie men well appointed went vp into his owne Riuer to his chiefe habitation with his daughter with many scornfull brauado's they affronted vs proudly demanding why wee came thither our reply was Wee had brought his daughter and to receiue the ransome for her that was promised or to haue it perforce They nothing dismayed thereat told vs We were welcome if wee came to fight for they were prouided for vs but aduised vs if wee loued our liues to retire else they would vse vs as they had done Captaine Ratcliffe We told them wee would presently haue a better answer but we were no sooner within shot of the shore than they let flie their Arrowes among vs in the ship Being thus iustly prouoked wee presently manned our Boats went on shore burned all their houses and spoiled all they had we could finde and so the next day proceeded higher vp the Riuer where they demanded â—hy wee burnt their houses and wee why they shot at vs They replyed it was some sâ—ragling Saluage with many other excuses they inâ—ended no hurt but were our friends We told them wee came not to hurt them but vâ—sit them as friends also Vpon this we concluded a peace and forthwith they dispatched messengers to Powhatan whose answer they told vs wee must expect foure and twentie houres ere the messengers could returne Then they told vs our men were runne away for feare we would hang them yet Powhatans men were runne after them as for our Swords and Peeces they should be brought vs the next day which was only but to delay time for the next day they came not Then we went higher to a house of Powhatans called Matchot where we saw about foure hundred men well appointed here they darâ—d vs to come on shore which wee did no shew of feare they made at all nor offered to resist our landing but walking boldly vp and downe amongst vs demanded to conferre with our Captaine of his comming in that manner and to haue truce till they could but once more send to their King to know his pleasure which if it were not agreeable to their expectation then they would fight with vs and defend their owne as they could which was but onely to deferre the time to carrie away their prouision yet wee promised them truce tiâ—l the next day at noone and then if they would fight with vs they should know when we would begin by our Drums and Trumpets Vpon this promise two of Powhatans sonnes came vnto vs to see their sister at whose sight seeing her well though they heard to the contrarie they much reioiced promising they would perswade her father to redeeme her and for euer be friends with vs. And vpon this the two brethren went aboord with vs and we sent Mâ—ster Iohn Rolfe and Master Sparkes to Powhatan to acquaint him with the businesse kindly they were entertained but not admitted the presence of Powhatan but they spoke with Opechaucanough his brother and successor hee promised to doe the best he could to Powhatan all might be well So it being Aprill and time to prepare our ground and set our Corne we returned to Iames Towne promising the forbearance of their performing their promise till the next haruest Long before this Master Iohn Rolfe an
fit for such a personage with so braue and great attendance for some small number of aduentrous Gentlemen to make discoueries and lie in Garrison ready vpon any occasion to keepe in feare the inconstant Saluages nothing were more requisite but to haue more to wait play than worke or more commanders and officers than industrious labourers was not so necessarie for in Virginia a plaine Souldier that can vse a Pick-axe and spade is better than fiue Knights although they were Knights that could breake a Lance for men of great place not inured to those incounters when they finde things not sutable grow many times so discontented they forget themselues oft become so carelesse that a discontented melancholy brings them to much sorrow and to others much miserie At last they stood in for the coast of New-England where they met a small Frenchman rich of Beuers and other Furres Though wee had here but small knowledge of the coast nor countrie yet they tooke such an abundance of Fish and Fowle and so well refreshed themselues there with wood and water as by the helpe of God thereby hauing beene at Sea sixteene weekes got to Virginia who without this reliefe had beene in great danger to perish The French-men made them such a feast with such an abundance of varietie of Fish Fowle and Fruits as they all admired and little expected that wild wildernesse could affoord such wonderfull abundance of plentie In this ship came about two hundred men but very little prouision and the ship called the Treasurer came in againe not long after with fortie passengers the Lord la Wares ship lying in Virginia three moneths wee victualled her with threescore bushels of Corne and eight Hogsheads of flesh besides other victuall she spent whilest they tarried there this ship brought vs aduice that great multitudes were a preparing in England to bee sent and relied much vpon that victuall they should finde here whereupon our Captaine called a Councell and writ to the Councell here in England the estate of the Colonie and what a great miserie would insue if they sent not prouision as well as people and what they did suffer for want of skilfull husbandmen and meanes to set their Ploughs on worke hauing as good ground as any man can desire and about fortie Bulls and Oxen but they wanted men to bring them to labour and Irons for the Ploughs and harnesse for the Cattell Some thirtie or fortie acres wee had sowne with one Plough but it stood so long on the ground before it was reaped it was most shaken and the rest spoiled with the Cattell and Rats in the Barne but no better Corne could bee for the quantitie Richard Killingbeck being with the Captaine at Kekoughtan desired leaue to returne to his wife at Charles hundred hee went to Iames towne by water there he got foure more to goe with him by land but it proued that he intended to goe trade with the Indies of Chickahamania where making shew of the great quantitie of trucke they had which the Saluages perceiuing partly for their trucke partly for reuenge of some friends they pretended should haue beene slaine by Captaine Yearley one of them with an English peece shot Killingbeck dead the other Saluages assaulted the rest and slew them stripped them and tooke what they had But fearing this murther would come to light and might cause them to suffer for it would now proceed to the perfection of villanie for presently they robbed their Machacomocko house of the towne stole all the Indian treasure thereout and fled into the woods as other Indians related On Sunday following one Farfax that dwelt a mile from the towne going to Church left his wife and three small children safe at home as he thought and a young youth she supposing praier to be done left the children and went to meet her husband presently after came three or foure of those fugitiue Saluages entred the house and slew a boy and three children and also another youth that stole out of the Church in praier time meeting them was likewise murdered Of this disaster the Captaine sent to Opechankanough for satisfaction but he excused the matter as altogether ignorant of it at the same time the Saluages that were robbed were complaining to Opechankanough and much feared the English would bee reuenged on them so that Opechankanough sent to Captaine Argall to assure him the peace should neuer be broken by him desiring that he would not reuenge the iniurie of those fugitiues vpon the innocent people of that towne which towne he should haue and sent him a basket of earth as possession giuen of it and promised so soone as possibly they could catch these robbers to send him their heads for satisfaction but he neuer performed it Samuel Argall Iohn Rolfe A relation from Master Iohn Rolfe Iune 15. 1618. COncerning the state of our new Common-wealth it is somewhat bettered for we haue sufficient to content our selues though not in such abundance as is vainly reported in England Powhatan died this last Aprill yet the Indians continue in peace Itopatin his second brother succeeds him and both hee and Opechankanough haue confirmed our former league On the eleuenth of May about ten of the clocke in the night happened a most fearefull tempest but it continued not past halfe an houre which powred downe hailestones eight or nine inches about that none durst goe out of their doores and though it tore the barke and leaues of the trees yet wee finde not they hurt either man or beast it fell onely about Iames towne for but a mile to the East and twentie to the West there was no haile at all Thus in peace euery man followed his building and planting without any accidents worthy of note Some priuate differences happened betwixt Captaine Bruster and Captaine Argall and Captaine Argall and the Companie here in England but of them I am not fully informed neither are they here for any vse and therefore vnfit to be remembred In December one Captaine Stallings an old planter in those parts being imployed by them of the West countrie for a fishing voyage in New-England fell foule of a Frenchman whom hee tooke leauing his owne ship to returne for England himselfe with a small companie remained in the French barke some small time after vpon the coast and thence returned to winter in Virginia The gouernment surrendred to Sir George Yearley FOr to begin with the yeere of our Lord 1619. there arriued a little Pinnace priuatly from England about Easter for Captaine Argall who taking order for his affaires within foure or fiue daies returned in her and left for his Deputy Captaine Nathaniel Powell On the eâ—ighteenth of Aprill which was but ten or twelue daies after arriued Sir George Yearley by whom we vnderstood Sir Edwin Sands was chosen Treasurer and Master Iohn Farrar his Deputy and what great supplies was a preparing to be sent vs
but eat them vp also deuouring one death to saue them from another and by this meanes their whole Colony well-neere surfeted sickned and died miserably and when they had againe recouered this losse by their incontinency an infinite number of them died on the Indian disease we call the French Pox which at first being a strange and an vnknowne malady was deadly vpon whomsoeuer it lighted then had they a little flea called Nigua which got betweene the skinne and the flesh before they were aware and there bred and multiplied making swellings and putrifactions to the decay and losse of many of their bodily members Againe diuers times they were neere vndone by their ambition faction and malice of the Commanders Columbus to whom they were also much beholden was sent with his Brother in chaines into Spaine and some other great Commanders killed and murdered one another Pizzaro was killed by Almagros sonne and him Vasco beheaded which Vasco was taken by Blasco and Blasco was likewise taken by Pizzaros Brother And thus by their couetous and spightfull quarrels they were euer shaking the maine pillars of their Common-weale These and many more mischiefes and calamities hapned them more then euer did to vs and at one time being euen at the last gaspe had two ships not arriued with supplies as they did they were so disheartned they were a leauing the Countrey yet we see for all those miseries they haue attained to their ends at last as is manifest to all the world both with honour poweâ— and wealth and whereas beâ—ore few could be hired to goe to inhabit there now with great sute they must obtaine it but where there was no honesty nor equity nor sanctitie nor veritie nor pieâ—ie nor good ciuilitie in such a Countrey certainly there can bee no stabilitie Therefore let vs not be discouraged but rather animated by those conclusions seeing we are so well assured of the goodnesse and commodities may bee had in Virginia nor is it to be much doubted there is any want of Mines of most sorts no not of the richest as is well knowne to some yet liuing that can make it manifest when time shall serue and yet to thinke that gold and siluer Mines are in a country otherwise most rich and fruitfull or the greatest wealth in a Plantation is but a popular error as is that opinion likewise that the gold and siluer is now the greatest wealth of the West Indies at this present True it is indeed that in the first conquest the Spaniards got great and mighty store of treasure from the Natiues which they in long space had heaped together and in those times the Indians shewed them entire and rich Mines which now by the relations of them that haue beene there are exceedingly wasted so that now the charge of getting those Metals is growne excessiue besides the consuming the liues of many by their pestilent smoke and vapours in digging and refining them so that all things considered the cleere gaines of those metals the Kings part defraied to the Aduenturers is but small and nothing neere so much as vulgarly is imagined and were it not for other rich Commodities there that inrich them those of the Contraction house were neuer able to subsist by the Mines onely for the greatest part of their Commodities are partly naturall and partly transported from other parts of the world and planted in the West-Indies as in their mighty wealth of Sugarcanes being first transported from the Canaries and in Ginger and other things brought out of the East-Indies in their Cochanele Indicos Cotton and their infinite store of Hides Quick-siluer Allum Woad Brasill woods Dies Paints Tobacco Gums Balmes Oiles Medicinals and Perfumes Sassaparilla and many other physicall drugs These are the meanes whereby they raise that mighty charge of drawing out their gold and siluer to the great cleare reuenue of their King Now seeing the most of those commodities or as vsefull may be had in Virginia by the same meanes as I haue formerly said let vs with all speed take the priority of time where also may be had the priority of place in chusing the best seats of the Country which now by vanquishing the saluages is like to offer a more faire and ample choice of fruitfull habitations then hitherto our gentlenesse and faire comportments could attaine vnto The numbers that were slaine in those seuerall Plantations 1 AT Captaine Berkleys Plantation himselfe and 21. others seated at the Falling-Crick 66. miles from Iames City 22 2 Master Thomas Sheffelds Plantation some three miles from the Falling-Crick himselfe and 12. others 13 3 At Henrico Iland about two miles from Sheffelds Plantation 6 4 Slaine of the College people twenty miles from Henrico 17 5 At Charles City and of Captaine Smiths men 5 6 At the next adioyning Plantation 8 7 At William Farrars house 10 8 At Brickley hundred fifty miles from Charles City Master Thorp and 10 9 At Westouer a mile from Brickley 2 10 At Master Iohn Wests Plantation 2 11 At Captaine Nathaniel Wests Plantation 2 12 At Lieutenant Gibs his Plantation 12 13 At Richard Owens house himselfe and 6 14 At Master Owen Macars house himselfe and 3 15 At Martins hundred seuen miles from Iames City 73 16 At another place 7 17 At Edward Bonits Plantation 50 18 At Master Waters his house himselfe and 4 19 At Apamatucks Riuer at Master Perce his Plantation fiue miles from the College 4 20 At Master Macocks Diuident Captaine Samuel Macock and 4 21 At Flowerda hundred Sir George Yearleys Plantation 6 22 On the other side opposite to it 7 23 At Master Swinhows house himselfe and 7 24 At Master William Bickars house himselfe and 4 25 At Weanock of Sir George Yearleys people 21 26 At Powel Brooke Captaine Nathaniel Powel and 12 27 At South-hampton hundred 5 28 At Martin Brandons hundred 7 29 At Captaine Henry Spilmans house 2 30 At Ensigne Spences house 5 31 At Master Thomas Perse his house by Mulbery I le himselfe and 4 The whole number 347. Men in this taking bettered with affliction Better attend and mind and marke Religion For then true voyces issue from their hearts Then speake they what they thinkâ— in inmost parts The truth remaines they cast off sained Arts. THis lamentable and so vnexpected a distaster caused them all beleeue the opinion of Master Stockam and draue them all to their wits end it was twenty or thirty daies ere they could resolue what to doe but at last it was concluded all the petty Plantations should be abandoned and drawne onely to make good fiue or six places where all their labours now for the most part must redound to the Lords of those Lands where they were resident Now for want of Boats it was impossible vpon such a sudden to bring also their cattle and many other things which with much time charge and labour they had then in possession with them all which for
deare and pretious to them that haue them I thinke none will deny but they are well worth the keeping and so we will proceed to the accidents that befell the first finders also the proceedings of the first Planters and their successors Master Norrod Thomas Sparkes and diuers others A briefe relation of the shipwracke of Henry May. HOw these Iles came by the name of Bermudas or the infinite number of blacke Hogs or so fearefull to the world that many called them the I le of Deuils that all men did shun as Hell and perdition I will not expostulate nor trouble your patiences with those vncertaine antiquities further then thus our men found diuers crosses peeces of Spanish monies here and there Two or three wracks also they found by certaine inscriptions to bee some Spanish some Dutch some French but the greatest rumour is that a Spanish ship called Bermudas was there cast away carrying Hogges to the West-Indies that swam a shore and there increased how the Spaniards escaped is vncertaine but they say from that ship those Iles were first called Bermudas which tilt then for six thousand yeares had beene namelesse But the first English-man that was euer in them was one Henry May a worthy Mariner that went with Captaine Lancaster to the East-Indies 1591. and in their returne by the West-Indies being in some distresse sent this Henry May for England by one Mounsier de la Barbotier to acquaint the Merchants with their estate The last of Nouember saith May we departed from Laguna in Hispaniola and the seuenteenth of December following we were cast away vpon the North-west of the Bermudas the Pilots about noone made themselues Southwards of the Iles twelue leagues and demanded of the Captaine their Wine of hight as out of all danger which they had but it seeme they were either drunke or carelesse of their charge for through their negligences a number of good men were cast away I being but a stranger amongst fiftie and odde French-men it pleased God to appoint me to be one of them should be saued In this extremity we made a raft which we towed with our Boat there were but six and twentie of vs saued and I seeing scarce roome for the one halfe durst not passe in amongst them till the Captaine called me along with him leauing the better halfe to the seas mercy that day we rowed till within two houres of night ere we could land being neere dead with thirst euery man tooke his way to seeke fresh water at length by searching amongst many weeds we found some raine water but in the maine are many faire Baies where we had enough for digging Now it pleased God before our ship split we saued our Carpenters tooles some Nailes Sailes and Tacklings wherewith we went roundly to worke and built a Barke of eighty tunues In stead of Pitch we made Lime mixed with Tortoise oyle and as the Carpenters calked her I and another paied the seames with this plaster which being in Aprill became quickly dry and as hard as a stone In Aprill it was so hot we feared our water would faile two great Chests wee made which we calked as our ship those we stowed on each side our maine Mast filled them with water and thirtie liue Tortoises wee found many Hogges but so leane wee could not eat them the tops of the Palmetaberries was our bread and the iuyce we got out of the trees we cut downe our drinke and of the leaues which are more then an Ell long we couered our Cabens made our beds and found many of those prouisions as is related but little foule weather The eleuenth of May it pleased God to set vs cleere of the I le after wee had liued there fiue moneths and the twentieth wee fell with Cape Britton neere New found Land where refreshing our selues with wood and water and such things as we could get of the Saluages it seemed a good Countrey but we staied not past foure houres before we set saile for the banke of New found land where wee met many ships but not any would take in a man of vs vntill it pleased God we met a Barke of Fawmothe which receiued vs for a little time and with her we tooke a French ship wherein I left Captaine de la Barbotier my deare friend and all his Company and in August arriued at Falmouth in this honest English Barke 1594. Written by me Henry May. The first English ship knowne to haue beene cast away vpon the Bermudas 1609. From the relation of Mr. Iordan Master Iohn Euens Master Henry Shelly and diuers others YOu haue heard that when Captaine Smith was Gouernor of Virginia there were nine ships sent with Sir Thomas Gates and Sir George Somers and Captaine Nuport with fiue hundred people to take in the old Commission and rectifie a new gouernment they set saile in May and in the height of thirty degrees of Northerly latitude they were taken with an extreme storme or rather a part of Hericano vpon the fiue and twentieth of Iuly which as they write did not onely separate them from the Fleet but with the violent working of the Seas their ship became so shaken torne and leake she receiued so much water as couered two tire of Hogsheads aboue the ballace that they stood vp to the middles with Buckets Baricos and Kettles to baile out the water Thus bailing and pumping three daies and three nights without intermission and yet the water seemed rather to increase then diminish in so much that being all vtterly spent with labour were euen resolued without any hope to shut vp the hatches and commit themselues to the mercy of the Sea which is said to be mercilesse or rather to the mercy of Almighty God whose mercy farre exceeds all his workes seeing no sense or hope in mans apprehension but presently to sinke some hauing some good and comfortable waters fetched them and dranke one to another as taking their last leaues vntill a more happy and a more ioyfull meeting in a more blessed world when it pleased God out of his most gracious and mercifull prouidence so to direct and guide their ship for her most aduantage That Sir George Somers all this time sitting vpon the poupe scarce taking leisure to eat nor sleepe couing the ship to keepe her as vpright as he could otherwaies she must long ere that needs haue foundered most wishedly and happily descried land whereupon he most comfortably incouraged them to follow their worke many of them being fast asleepe this vnlooked for welcome newes as if it had bin a voice from heauen hurrieth them all aboue hatches to looke for that they durst scarce beleeue so that improuidently forsaking that taske which imported no lesse then their liues they gaue so dangerous aduantage to their greedy enemy the salt water which still entred at the large breaches of their poore wooden castle as that in gaping after life they had well-nigh
and Poultry as is formerly related yet for so departing and other occasions much difference hath beene betwixt him and some of the Company as any of his Predecessors which I rather wish were reconciled then to be a reporter of such vnprofitable dissentions For Till trechery and faction and auarice be gone Till enuy and ambition and backbiting be none Till periury and idlenesse and iniury be out And truly till that villany the worst of all that rout Vnlesse those vises banisht be what euer Forts you haue A hundred walls together put will not haue power to saue Master Iohn Barnard sent to be Gouernour TO supply this place was sent by the noble aduenturers Iohn Bernard a Gentleman both of good meanes and quality who arriued within eight daies after Butlers departure with two ships and about one hundred and forty passengers with armes and all sorts of munition and other prouisions sufficient During the time of his life which was but six weekes in reforming all things he found defectiue he shewed himselfe so iudiciall and industrious as gaue gâ—eat satisfaction and did generally promise vice was in great danger to be suppressed and vertue and the Plantation much aduanced but so it hapned that both he and his wife died in such short time they were both buried in one day and one graue and Master Iohn Harrison chosen Gouernour till further order came from England What hapned in the gouernment of Master Iohn Harrison THey are still much troubled with a great short worme that deuours their Plants in the night but all the day they lie hid in the ground and though early in the morning they kill so many they would thinke there were no more yet the next morning you shall finde as many The Caterpillers to their fruits are also as pernicious and the land Crabs in some places are as thicke in their Borowes as Conies in a Warren and doe much hurt besides all this there hapned this yeere a very heauy disaster for a ship wherein there had beene much swearing and blaspheming vsed all the voyage and landed what she had to leaue in those Iles iouâ—ally froliking in their Cups and Tobacco by accident fired the Powder that at the very instant blew vp the great Cabin and some one way and some another it is a wonder to thinke how they could bee so blowne out of the gun-roome into the Sea where some were taken vp liuing so pitifully burned their liues were worse then so many deaths some died some liued but eighteene were lost at this fatall blast the ship also immediatly sunke with threescore barrels of meale sent for Virginia and all the other prouision in her was thus lost Now to consider how the Spaniards French and Dutch haue beene lost and preserued in those inuincible Iles yet neuer regarded them but as monuments of miseries though at this present they all desire them How Sir Thomas Gates and Sir George Summers being ready to sinke in the sea were saued what an incredible abundance of victuall they found how it was first planted by the English the strange increase of Rats and their sudden departure the fiue men came from England in a boat the escape of Hilliard and the rest of those accidents there hapned a man would thinke it a tabernacle of miracles and the worlds wonder that from such a Paradise of admiration who would thinke should spring such wonders of afflictions as are onely fit to be sacrificed vpon the highest altars of sorrow thus to be set vpon the highest Pinacles of content and presently throwne downe to the lowest degree of extremity as you see haue beene the yeerely succeedings of those Plantations the which to ouercome as it is an incomparable honour so it can be no dishonour if a man doe miscarry by vnfortunate accidents in such honourable actions the which renowne and vertue to attaine hath caused so many attempts by diuers Nations besides ours euen to passe through the very amazement of aduentures Vpon the relation of this newes the Company hath sent one Captaine Woodhouse a Gentleman of good repute and great experience in the warres and no lesse prouident then industrious and valiant then returned report all goeth well there It is too true in the absence of the noble Treasurer Sir Edward Sackvill now Earle of Dorset there haue beene such complaints betwixt the Planters and the Company that by command the Lords appointed Sir Thomas Smith againe Treasurer that since then according to their order of Court he is also elected where now we must leaue them all to their good fortune and successe till we heare further of their fortunate proceedings FINIS To his friend Captaine Smith vpon his description of New-England SIr your Relations I haue read which shew Ther 's reason I should honour them and you And if their meaning I haue vnderstood I dare to censure thus Your Proiect 's good And may if follow'd doubtlesse quit the paine With honour pleasure and a trebble gaine Beside the benefit that shall arise To make more happy our Posterities For would we daigne to spare though 't were no more Then what ore-fils and surfets vs in store To order Nature's fruitfulnesse a while In that rude Garden you New-England stile With present good ther 's hope in after-daies Thence to repaire what Time and Pride decaies In this rich Kingdome And the spacious West Being still more with English bloud possest The proud Iberians shall not rule those Seas To checke our ships from sailing where they please Nor future times make any forraine power Become so great to force a bound to Our Much good my minde foretels would follow hence With little labour and with lesse expence Thriue therefore thy Designe who ere enuy England may ioy in England's Colony Virginia seeke her Virgin sisters good Be blessed in such happy neighbourhood Or whatsoere Fate pleaseth to permit Be thou still honour'd for first mouing it George Wither è societate Lincol. To that worthy and generous Gentleman my very good friend Captaine Smith MAy Fate thy Proiect prosper that thy name May be eternized with liuing fame Though foule Detraction Honour would peruert And Enuie euer waits vpon desert In spight of Pelias when his hate lies cold Returne as Iason with a fleece of gold Then after-ages shall record thy praise That a New-England to this I le didst raise And when thou di'st as all that liue must die Thy fame liue here thou with Eternity R. Gunnell To his worthy Captaine the Author OFt thou hast led when I brought vp the Rere In bloudy wars where thousands haue beene slaine Then giue me leaue in this some part to beare And as thy seruant here to reade my name T is true long time thou hast my Captaine beene In the fierce warres of Transiluania Long ere that thou America hadst seene Or led wast captiu'd in Virginia Thou that to passe the worlds foure parts dost deeme No more then
innocent as did that most generous Prince Sigismundus Prince of those Countries against them whom vnder the colour of iustice and piety to maintaine their superfluity of ambitious pride thought all the world too little to maintaine their vice and vndoe them or keepe them from ability to doe any thing that would not admire and adore their honours fortunes couetousnesse falshood bribery cruelty extortion and ingratitude which is worse then cowardize or ignorance and all manner of vildnesse cleane contrary to all honour vertue and noblenesse Iohn Smith writ this with his owne hand Here follow certaine notes and obseruations of Captaine Charles Whitbourne concerning New-found land which although euery master trained vp in fishing can make their proportions of necessaries according to their custome yet it is not much amisse here to insert them that euery one which desires the good of those actions know them also Besides in his Booke intituled A discouery of New-found land and the commodities thereof you shall finde many excellent good aduertisements for a Plantation and how that most yeeres this Coast hath beene frequented with 250. saile of his Maiesties subiects which supposing but 60. tunnes a peece one with another they amount to 15000. tunnes and allowing 25 men and boies to euery Barke they will make 5000. persons whose labours returne yeerely to about 135000. pound sterling besides the great numbers of Brewers Bakers Coupers Ship-Carpenters Net-makers Rope-makers Hooke-makers and the most of all other mecanicall trades in England The charge of letting forth a ship of 100. tuns with 40. persons both to make a fishing voyage and increase the Plantation  l. s. d. INprimis 10000. weight of Bisket at 15. s. a 100. weight 82. 10.  26 Tun of Beere and Sider at 53. s. 4. d. a Tun. 69. 7.  2 Hogsheads of English Beefe 10.   2 Hogsheads of Irish Beefe 5.   10 Fat Hogs salted with Salt and Caske 10. 10.  30 Bushels of Pease 6   2 Ferkins of Butter 3.   200 Waight of Cheese 2. 10.  1 Bushell of Mustard-seed  6.  1 Hogshead of Vinegar 1. 5.  Wood to dresse meat withall 1.   1 Great Copper Kettle 2.   2 Small Kettles 2.   2 Frying-Pans  3. 4. Platters Ladles and Cans 1.   a paire of Bellowes for the Cooke  2. 6. Taps Boriers and Funnels 2.   Lâ—cks for the Bread roomes  2. 6. 100 weight of Candles 2. 10.  1 0 quarters of Salt at 2. s. the Rushell 10. 4.  Mats dinnage to lie vnder it 2. 10.  Salt Shouels  10  Particulars for the 40. persons to keepe 8. fishing boats at Sea with 3. men in euery boat imploies 24. and 500. foot of Elme boords of an inch thicke 8. s. each one 2.   2000 Nailes for the 8. Boats at 13. s. 4. d. a 1000. 1. 6 8. 4000 Nailes at 6. s 8. d. 1000. 1. 6 8. 2000 Nailes at 5. d. 100.  8.  500 weight of pitch at 8. s. 100. 2.   2000 of good orlop nailes 2. 5.  More for other small necessaries 3.   A barrell of Tar.  10.  200 weight of black Ocome 1.   Thrums for pitch Maps  1. 6. Bolls Buckets and Pumps 1.   2 brazen Crocks 2.   Canuas to make Boat sailes small ropes at 25. s. for each saile 12. 10.  10 rode Ropes which containe 600. weight at 30 s the 100. 10.   12 dozen of fishing lines 6.   24 dâ—zâ—n of fishing hookes 2.   for Squid line  3.  For Pots and liuer maunds  18.  Iron works for the boats ruthers 2.   10 Kipnet Irons  10.  Twine to make kipnets and gagging hooks  6.  10 good Nets at 26. s. a net 13.   2 Saynes a great and a lesse 12.   200 weight of Sow-lead 1.   2 couple of ropes for the Saynes 1.   Dry-fats to keepe them in  6.  Tâ—ine for store  5.  Flaskets and bread Baskets  15.  For haire cloth 10.   3. Tuns of vinegar caske for water 1. 6. 8. 1 doâ—zen of Deale Bourds  10.  2 Barrels of Oatmeale 1. 6.  100 weight of Spikes 2. 5.  2 good Axes 4. hand Hatchets 4. Drawers 2. drawing Irons  16.  3 yards of wollencloth for cuffs  10.  8 yards of good Cannasse  10.  A Grand-stone or two  6.  1000 of poore Iohn to spend in going 6. 10.  1 Hogshead of Aquauitae 4.   4 arme Sawes 4. Handsawes 4. thwart Sawes 3. Augers 2. Crowes of Iron 3. Sledges 4. shod Shouels 2. Picaxes 4. Matocks and 4. Hammers 5.   The totall summe is 410. 11. 0. All these prouisions the Master of Purser is to be accountable what is spent and what is left with those which shall continue there to plant and of the 40. thus prouided for the voyage ten may well be spared to leaue behind them with 500. weight of Bisket 5. hogsheads of Sider or beere halfe a hogshead of Beefe 4 sides of dry Bakon 4. bushell of Pease halfe a ferkin of Butter halfe 100. weight of Cheese a pecke of Mustard-seed a barrell of Vinegar 12. pound of Candles 2. pecks of Oaâ—meale halfe a hogshead of Aquauitae 2. copper Kettles 1. brasse Crock 1. Frying-pan a Grindstone and all the Hatchets Woodhooks Sawes Augers c. and all other iron tooles with the 8. Boats and their implements and spare salt and what else they vse not in a readinesse from yeere to yeere and in the meane time serued them to helpe to build their houses cleanse land and further their fishing whilst the ships are wanting By his estimation and calculation these 8. Boats with 22. men in a Summer doe vsually kill 25000. fish for euery Boat which may amount to 200000. allowing 120. fishes to the 100. sometimes they haue taken aboue 35000. for a Boat so that they load not onely their owne ship but prouide great quantities for sacks or other spare ships which come thither onely to buy the ouerplus if such ships come not they giue ouer taking any more when sometimes there hath beene great abundance because there is no fit houses to lay them in till another yeere now most of those sacks goeth empty thither which might as well transport mens prouision and cattle at an easie rate as nothing either to New-England or New-found land but either to transport them for nothing or pay any great matter for their liberty to fish will hardly effect so much as freedome as yet nor can this be put in practice as before I said till there be a power there well planted and setled to entertaine and defend them assist and releeue them as occasion shall require otherwaies those