Church of Launceston it selfe fetcheth his title of dedication from Mary Magdalen whose image is curiously hewed in a side of the wall and the whole Church fayrely builded The towne was first founded saith M. Hooker by Eadulphus brother to Alpsius Duke of Deuon and Cornwall and by his being girded with a wall argueth in times past to haue caried some valew A newe increase of wealth expresseth it selfe in the Inhabitants late repayred and enlarged buildings They are gouerned by a Maior and his scarlet-robde brethren and reape benefit by their fayres and markets and the County Assizes The Statute of 32. Henry 8. which tooke order touching Sanctuaries endowed this towne with the priuiledge of one but I find it not turned to any vse To the town there is adioynant in site but sequestred in iurisdiction an ancient Castle whose steepe rocky-footed Keepe hath his top enuironed with a treble wal and in regard thereof men say was called Castle terrible The base court compriseth a decayed Chappell a large hall for holding the shire Assizes the Constables dwelling house and the common Gayle About 60 yeeres past there were found certaine leather coynes in the Castle wall whose faire stamp and strong substance till then resisted the assault of time as they would now of couetousnesse A little without the towne were founded a Friery and anno 1128. an Abbey furthered by Reignald Earle of Cornwall About 2. miles distant from Launceston Penheale mannour coasteth the high way claiming the right of anciēt demain sometimes appertaining to the Earles of Huntingdon but purchased not long sithence by the late M. George Greinuile who descended from a yonger brother of that family and through his learning and wisdome aduanced his credit to an especiall good regard in his Countrey He maried Iulian one of the 6. daughters and heires of William Viel and Iane the daughter to Sir Iohn Arundel of Trerne Richard his father tooke to wife one of Kelwayes heires and Degory his graund-father one of the inheritors to Tregarthen which helps together with his owne good husbandry haue endowed his sonne with an elder brothers liuelyhood he beareth G. three Restes O. In Lezant parish heereby master Christopher Harris owneth a third part of Trecarell the proiect and onset of a sumptuous building as coheire to the last Gentleman of that name but admitteth no partner in the sweetly tempered mixture of bounty and thrift grauity and pleasantnes kindnesse and stoutnes which grace all his actions Hee beareth Sa. three Croissants within aborder A. Neither may wee forget Master Coringtons house of Newton old to him by succession yet new in respect of his owne antiquitie diuers his auncestors haue reaped the praise and reputation of a stayed carriage howbeit one of them through his rash but merrie prankes is to this day principally remembred by the name of the mad Corington I haue heard him deliuer an obseruation that in eight liniall descents no one borne heire of his house euer succeeded to the land hee beareth A. a Saultier Sa. Trebigh a priuiledged franchise is by his Lord Master William Wray conuerted to a generall welcomer of his friends and neighbours Hee married the daughter of Sir William Courtney his father the coheire of Killigrew Hee beareth Sa. a Fesse betweene three battel-axes A. Poole for his low and moyst seate is not vnaptly named houseth Sir Ionathan Trelawny farre beneath his worth calling he married Sir Henry Killigrews daughter his father the coheire of Reskimer his graundfather Lamellyns Inheritrix Poole standeth in Mynhinet parish where Sir Ionathan hath a large priuiledged Mānour of the same name the Benefice is giuen by Excester Colledge in Oxford none but the fellowes admittable wherethrough it hath sccessiuely beene graced with three well borne well learned and welbeloued Incumbents Doctor Tremayne Master Billet and Master Denis Out of Sir Ionathans house is also descended Master Edward Trelawny a Gentleman qualified with many good parts Their armes are A. a Cheuron S. betweene three Oke-leaues Vert. Sundrie other Gent. rest beholden to this hundred for their dwellings who in an enuiable mediocritie of fortune do happilie possesse themselues and communicate their sufficient means to the seruice of their prince the good of their neighbours and the bettering of their own estate of which sort are M. Becket who beareth S. a Fesse betweene three Boares heads coped sixe Crosses crosselet Fichee O. M. Tregodecke who beareth A. a Cheuron betweene three Buckles S. M. Spurre G. on a Cheuron O. a rose of the first and 2. mullets pearnd S. M. Bligh B. a Griffon legreant O. armed G. betweene 3. Croissants A. M. Lower B. a Cheuron engrayled O. betweene three Roses A. M. Treuisa G. a garb O. M. Chiuerton A. a Castle S. standing on a hill V. Manaton A on a Bend S. three mullets of the field and some others Stratton Hundred STratton Hundred extendeth the breadth of Cornewall to the North as that of East beginneth it on the South and therefore it shall next succeede His circuit is slender but his fruitfulnesse great and the Inhabitants industrie commendable who reape a large benefit from their orchyards and gardens but specially from their Garlick the Countreymans Triacle which they vent not onely into Cornwall but many other shires besides Stratton the onely market towne of this Hundred gaue the same his name and if I mistake not taketh it from Strota a street other memorable matter to report thereof I finde not any Vpon one side of the towne lyeth master Chamonds house and place of Launcels so called for that it was sometimes a Cell appertaining to the Abbot of Hartlond This Gentlemans father late deceased receiued at Gods hands an extraordinarie fauour of long life Hee serued in the office of a Iustice of peace almost 60. yeeres He knew aboue 50. seuerall Iudges of the westerne cercuit He was vncle and great vncle to at least 300. wherein yet his vncle and neighbour master Greynuile parson of Kilkhampton did exceed him He married one of the daughters and heires of Treuenuer and by her saw fiue sonnes and two daughters the yongest out-stepping 40. yeeres Sir Iohn Chamond his father a man learned in the common lawes was knighted at the Sepulchre and by dame Iane widdowe to Sir Iohn Arundell of Trerice and daughter to Sir Thomas Greynuile had an elder sonne called Thomas whose two daughters and heires by Arscot caried part of the lands to Tripcony and Treuanion with whome they matched Master Chamond beareth A. a Cheuron betweene 3. flowers de Luce G. In Launcels parish also standeth Norton the house of M. Tristram Arscot a Gēt who by his trauailing abroad in his yonger yeres hath the better enabled himselfe to discharge his calling at home He tooke to wife Eulalia the widdow of the wise and vertuous M. Edmond Tremayne and daughter of Sir Iohn Sentleger whose stately house of Anery in Deuon he purchased
learning liuely-hood or authoritie Of like fortune but lesse number are the Phisiciōs by how much the fewer by so much the greater witnesses of the soyles healthfulnes The most professours of that science in this County sauing only one 10. Williams can better vouch practise for their warrant then warrant for their practise Amongst these I reckon Rawe Clyes a black Smith by his occupation and furnished with no more learning then is suteable to such a calling who yet hath ministred Phisike for many yeres with so often successe general applause that not onely the home-bred multitude beleeneth mightily in him but euē persons of the better calling resort to him from remote parts of the realme to make trial of his cūning by the hazard of their liues sundry either vpon iust cause or to cloke their folly report that they haue reaped their errands end at his hands But farre more commendable is M. Atwel sometimes Parson of Caluerly in Deuon now of S. Tue in Cornwall For besides other parts of learning with which he hath bene seasoned he is not vnseene in the Theoricks of Phisike can out of them readily and probably discourse touching the nature and accidents of all diseases Besides his iudgement in vrines commeth little behind the skilfullest in that profession Mary his practise is somewhat strange varying from all others for though now and then he vse blood-letting and doe ordinarily minister Manus Christi and such like cordials of his owne compounding a poynt fitting well with my humour as enabling nature who best knoweth how to worke yet mostly for all diseases he prescribeth milk and very often milk and apples a course deepely subiect to the exception of the best esteemed Practitioners and such notwithstanding as whereby either the vertue of the medicine or the fortune of the Phisicion or the credulitie of the Patient hath recouered sundry out of desperate and forlorne extremities This his reputation is of many yeeres standing and maintayneth it selfe vnimpayred But the same soareth to an higher pitch by the helpe of another wing and that is his liberalitie On the poore he bestoweth his paines charges gratis of the rich he taketh moderately but leaues the one halfe behind in gift amongst the houshold if he be called abroad to visit any The rest together with the profits of his benefice rather charitably accepted thē strictly exacted from his Parishioners he powreth out with both hands in pios vsus and will hardly suffer a penny to sleepe but neuer to dwell with him Few Townes there are in Cornwall or any other shire between that and London which haue not in some large measure tasted of his bountie None commeth in kindnes to see him but departeth gratifyed with somewhat if his modestie will accept it Briefely his sound affection in religion is so wayted on by honesty of life and pleasantnesse of conuersation that in Fabritius his voluntary pouertie he is an equall partner of his honour and possesseth a large interest in the loue of his neighbours My loue to vertue and not any particular beholdingnes hath expressed this my testimony For persons imployed in state affaires and therethrough stept to preferment that I may not outstride late remembrance Sir Richard Edgecumb the elder was Comptroller of the houshold and priuie Counseller to King Henry the seuenth being sent by him also in diuers Ambassades in one of which to the Duke of Britaine he deceased King Henry the eight made like vse in this last kind of Iohn Tregonwel who graduated a Doctor and dubbed a Knight did his Prince good seruice and lest faire reuenewes to his posterity Sir Thomas Arundel a yonger brother of Lanhearn house maried the sister to Queene Katherine Howard in Edward the 6. time was made a priuie Counseller but cleauing to the Duke of Somerset he lost his head with him Sir Henry Killigrew after Ambassades and messages and many other employments of peace and warre in his Princes seruice to the good of his Countrey hath made choyce of a retyred estate and reuerently regarded by all sorts placeth his principall contentment in himselfe which to a life so well acted can no way bee wanting Master George Carew in his younger yeeres gathered such fruit as the Vniuersitie the Innes of Court and forrayne trauell could yeeld him vpon his returne he was first called to the Barre then supplyed the place of Secretarie to the Lord Chauncellour Hatton and after his decease performed the like office to his two successours by speciall recommendation from her Maiestie who also gaue him the Prothonotaryship of the Chauncery and in anno 1598. sent him Ambassadour to the King of Poland and other Nothern Potentates where through vnexpected accidents he vnderwent extraordinary perils but God freed him from them he performed his duety in acceptable maner and at this present the common wealth vseth his seruice as a Master of the Chauncery Cornwall no doubt hath affoorded a far larger proportion of well deseruing and employed members to the good of their Prince and Countrey albeit they fall not within the compasse of my knowledge it is likely that the succeeding age wil much encrease the nūber by meanes of her Highnes bounty who to that end hath established seed-plots of free Schooles with competent pentions out of her owne cofers for the teachers at Saltash Launceston and Perin three market townes of the County In descending to martiall men Arthur claimeth the first mention a Cornishman by birth a King of Britaine by succession the second of the three Christian worthies by desert whom if you so please that Captayne of Armes and Venery Sir Tristram shall accompany From them I must make a great leap which conuinceth me an vnworthy associat of the antiquary Colledge to Sir Iohn Naphant who if I mistake not was by country a Cornish man though by inhabitance a Calisian where H. 7. vsed his seruice in great trust and Cardinal Wolsey owned him for his first master More assured I am that Sir Iohn Arundell of Trerne vpon a long fight at sea took prisoner one Duncane Camel a hardy Scottish Pirate and presented him to K. H. the 8 for our Chronicles report it Towards the end of that Kings raigne Sir Wil. Godolphin also demeaned himselfe very valiantly in a charge which hee bare beyond the seas as appeared by the skarres hee brought home no lesse to the beautifying of his fame then the disfiguring of his face Whose Nephew of the fame name dignity hath so inriched himselfe with sufficiency for matters of policy by his long trauell for martial affaires by his present valiant cariage in Ireland that it is better knowne how far he outgoeth most others in both then easily to be discerned for which he deserueth principall commendation himselfe So did Sir Ric. Greinuile the elder enterlace his home Magistracy with martiall employments abroad whereof the K. testifyed his good liking by
but where it stood I know not Since it made roome to Christianity my not ouer-curious enquiry hath learned out these Pryories at S. Germaines Bodmyn Tywardreth Nunries at S. Martine Fryeries at Launceston Truro Bodmyn Colledges at Peryn Crantock Buryen Hospitals at Helston Of parishes the County hath 161. as master Camden noteth and as others haue about 180. Doubtles the Hierarchy of our English Church if it were kept fast to his first institution might with his far better effects close vp their mouthes who would thrust vpon vs their oftē varying discipline But albeit neither our time can well brooke it nor the succeeding would long hold it yet it shal not do much amisse to look vpō the originall beauty thereof if at least I be able to tricke the same truly out doe not blemish it with my pensil At the planting of Christian religion Monasteries cathedrall Churches were likewise founded which serued for seedplots of the ministery sent them abroad in yerely progresses to labor the Lords vineyard Afterwards about the time of our last conquest the country was sorted by a more orderly maner into parishes euery parish cōmitted to a spirituall father called their Parson who stept into that roome not by election as some imagine but mostly by the nomination of him that eyther built the Church or endowed the same with some liuelyhood or was L of the soyle where it stood As for Vicarages those daies knew few for they grew vp in more corrupt ages by the religious houses encrochmēts Besides this Incūbent euery parish had certaine officers as Church wardens Sidemen and 8. men whose duety bound them to see the buildings ornaments appertaining to Gods seruice decently maintayned good order there reuerētly obserued And lest negligence ignorance or partiality might admit or foist in abuses corruption an Archdeacon was appointed to take account of their doings by an verely visitatiō they there sworn duly to make it He they againe had their Ordinary the Bishop euery 3. yere to ouerlook their actions to examine allow admit the ministers as they and the Bishop were sēblably subiect to the Metropolitanes suruey euery 7. yere For warning the Clergy imparting their superiours directions the Curats chose yerely their Deanes rurall The Bishop in his cathedrall church was associated with certaine Prebēdaries some resident who serued as his ghostly coūsel in points of his charge others not bound to ordinary residēce who were called to cōsultation vpon things of greater cōsequence for matters of principal importāce the Archbishop had his prouincial Sinod the whole clergy their national Now then if euery one thus entrused would remember that he had a soule to saue or lose by the well or ill discharging of so waighty a function and did accordingly from time to time bestowe his requisite endeuour what the least fault could escape the espiall of so many eyes or the righting amongst so many hands But I haue thrust my sickle ouer-farre into anothers haruest let my mistaking be corrected and in regard of my good meaning pardoned The Temporal gouernment of Cornwall shooteth out also into two branches Martiall and Ciuill For martiall affaires master Camden noteth out of Iohannes Sarisburiensis that the Cornish mens valiancy purchased them such reputation amongst our ancestours as they together with those of Deuon and Wiltshire were wont to be entrused for the Subsidiary Cohort or band of supply An honor equall to the Romanes Triarii and the shoot-anker of the battell With which concurreth the ancient if not authenticall testimony of Michael Cornubiensis who had good reason to knowe the same being that Countryman and more to report it his verses for which I haue also beene beholding to M. Camden are these Rex Arcturus nos primos Cornubienses Bellum facturus vocat vt put a Caesaris enses Nobis non alijs reliquis dat primitus ictum Per quem pax lisque nobis fit vtrumque relictum Quid nos deterret si firmiter in pede stemus Fraus ni nos superet nihil est quod non superemus I will now set downe the principall Commaunders Officers touching these martiall causes together with the forces of the shire Lord Lieutenant generall Sir VValter Ralegh Deputie Lieutenāts Sir Frauncis Godolphin or any 3. of them Sir Nicholas Parker or any 3. of them Sir Reignald Mohun Peter Edgecumb or any 3. of them Bernard Greinuile or any 3. of them Christopher Harris or any 3. of them Richard Carew or any 3. of them Colonell generall Sir Nicholas Parker Marshall Bernard Greinuile Treasurer Richard Carew Master of the Ordinance VVil. Treffry Colonell of the horse Iohn Arundell of Trerise Sergeant maior Humfrey Parcks Quarter Master VVilliam Carnsew Prouost Marshall Iohn Harris Scowt Master Otwell Hill Corporals of the field Osburne Rusall Rattenbury Sled Ammunition Master Leon. Blackdon Trench Master Cooke Regiments Cōpanies Number Arm pikes Muskets Caliuers Sir Fra. Godol 12. 1200. 470. 490. 240. Sir Will. Beuil 6. 670 225. 215 130. Sir Rei Mohun 6. 600. 200. 210. 190. Ber. Greinuile 10. 1000. 370. 390. 240. Ri. Carew 5. 500. 170. 300 30. Antony Rouse 6. 760. 270. 320. 170. Ch. Treuanion 5. 500. 180. 190. 130. Will. Treffry 4. 400. 140. 130. 130. Sir Nic. Parker 2. 200. 60. 80. 60. Ha. Viuian 1. 100. 40. 40. 20. Ar. Harris 1. 100. 40. 40. 20. Summa 58. 6030. 2165. 2535. 1330. This may serue for a generall estimat of the Cornish forces which I haue gathered partly out of our certificate made to the Lords 1599. partly by information from the Sargeant maior partly through mine owne knowledge There are many more vnarmed pikes which I omit as better fitting a supply vpon necessitie then to bee exposed for opposed to an enemie The number as it standeth much exceedeth the shires proportion if the same be compared with Deuon and other Counties which groweth for that their neerenesse on all quarters to the enemy and their farnesse from timely succour by their friends haue forced the Commaunders to call forth the vttermost number of able hands to fight and rather by perswasion then authority procured them to arme themselues beyond lawe and their ability Which commendable indeuour shall not I hope ought not I am sure turne them to the preiudice of any vnwonted charge hereafter They are all prouided of powder bullet match in competent sort order taken for furnishing of victuals and mounting a third part of the shot at least vpon cause of seruice Light horses the Lords in their directions enioyne for orders sake and the Lieuienants excuse it by insufficiency Hitherto neither hath the commaundement bin reuoked nor the omission controlled In the yeere 1588. when the Spanish floting Babel pretended the conquest of our Iland which like Iosuahs armie they compassed but vnlike him could not with their blasting threats ouerthrow our walles it pleased her
by his wiues assent which in many auncient deeds was formall departeth to him and his daughter in lawe with the one halfe of his Holding in hand Now though after the fathers decease the mother may during her life turne them both out of doores as not bound by her owne word and much lesse by her husbands yet I haue seldome or neuer knowne the same put in practise but true and iust meaning hath euer taken place Yet another vnconscionable quirk some haue of late time pried into viz. in a ioynt-lease to three intended by the taker and payer to descend successiuely and intirely one of them passeth ouer his interest to a stranger who by rigour of law shall hold it during the liues of the other twaine The ordinary couenants of most conuentionary Tenants are to pay due Capons doe haruest iournyes grinde at the Mill sue to the Court discharge the office of Reeue and Tithing-man dwell vpon the Tenement and to set out no part thereof to tillage without the Lords licence first obtained Which conditions are yet enlarged or restrained according to the Demifors humour Vsuall it is for all sorts of Tenants vpon death at least if not surrender or forfeyture to pay their best beast for a Heriot yea if a stranger passing thorow the Countrey chaunce to leaue his carkase behind him he also must redeeme his buriall by rendring his best beast which he hath with him to the Lord of the soyle or if he haue none his best Iewell or rather then fayle his best garment then about him in lieu thereof But this custome hath beene somewhat shaken in comming to triall and laboureth of a dangerous Feuer though the Cornish Gentlemen vse all possible remedies of almost fas et nefas by pleading the 11. poynts of the Lawe to keepe it on liue The free Tenants seruices are ordinary with those of other places saue that they pay in most places onely fee-Morton releefes which is after fiue markes the whole Knights fee so called of Iohn Earle first of Morton then of Cornwall and lastly King of this Land whereas that of fee-Gloucester is fiue pound And to accomplish this part I haue heere inserted a note of the Cornish Knights fees and acres which I receyued from my learned and religious kinseman Master Robert Moyle Record Feod Milit. in Cornub. fact Anno 3. H. 4. vt sequitur HEnricus Dei gratia Rex Angliae Francâ—â— Dominus Hiberniae dilectis nobis Vicecom Escaetori nostris in Com. Cornub. ac Iohanni Colshil Iohanni Tremayn seniori collectoribus auxilij 20. solidorum de quolibet feod Milit. tento de nob sine medio in Com. praedicto ad Blanchiam primogenitam filiam nostr ammaritand iuxta formam statuti anno regni Domini Edwardi nuper Regis Angliae Aui nostri 25. edict assignai salutem Quasdam euidentias quas de libris rotulis memorand Scaccarii nostri exhiberi fecimus pro informatione vestra super captione inquisitionum diuersorum feodorum in Com. praedicto viz. de rubro libro vnam scedulam duos rotulos de euidentiis nuper collectoribus auxilii pradicti auo nostro ad filium suum primogenitum milit faciend anno Regnisui 20. concessi vobis mittimus sub pede sigilli nostri mandantes vt inspect euidenc praed vlterius inde tam per casdem euident quam per Inquisitiones super praemiss per vos capiend pro commodo nostro faciatis quod de iur e per vos videatur faciend It a quod euidenc prad vna cum toto facvestro in premiss hoc breue ad Scaccarium nostrum super compot vestrum proxim de eodem auxilio redend Baronibus de dicto Scaccario nostro ibidem liberaÌ„dum habeatis Teste Iohanne Cokayn apud Westmonast 30. die Ianua Anno Regni nostri 2. Rotl memorum de anno 3. Hillar record Hundred de Penwith WIll de Campo Arnulphiten 7. feod di in Luduon trewedryn Maien Kellemeke Will. Basset ten 1. feod in Tihidi Trenalga Mich. de Bray ten 2. partes vnius feod in Bray Alanus Bloighon ten 2. feod in Tremall Haeres Marcide Walestbren ten 2. partes feod in Veno Episcop Exon. ten dimid feod in Lauestli Haeres Iocei Dynnan ten 1. feod in Gorten Comes Gloc. ten 4. part vnius feod in Draynneck Idem Comes ten 1. feod in Couerton Idem Comes ten 1. feod in Binnerton Idem Comes ten 5. part 1. feod in Loigans Haeres Ties ten dimid feod in Alwerton Marchio Dorset ten 4. feod in Trenwel Hundred de Lysnewith WIll de Botriaux tenet in isto Hundred in Walebreux 1. feod Idem Will. ten in Polruman di feod Idem Will. ten in Wolueston 1. feod Idem Will. ten in Tresciward 1. feod Idem Will. ten in Worthauale 1. feod Reginald de Ferrar in ead Hund. 7. feod Will. de Witha Iohan. de Crammon tenent in Trewint Westdisart 1. feod Idem Will. de Campo Arnulphi ten 1. feod in Heliset Idem Will. ten in Oterham 1. feod Idem Will. in Donneghny Crugplegh di feod Simon Giffard ten 1. feo in Donneghny de la Bruer Henric. de la Pomerey ten in Lesnewith Treuyghan di feod Rogerus de Crammon ten in Moteland 1. feod Omnia praedicta feod sunt feod Mortanne Haeres Iocei Dinan ten in Ouer rescradeck nether rescradeck di feod Hundred de Stratton HErbertus de Pyn ten in Middeland 3. feod Idem ten in Bere 1. feod in Deuon Idem ten in Alwington in Deuon 2. feod Idem ten Mar wonchurch 1. feod Idem ten in Pensenteinon Trethewy Westory 2. feod Comes Gloc. ten 2. magna feod in Kilkham land Ranulphus de Albo Monasterio tenet in Stratton 1. feod Thomas de Wamford ten in Efford 1. feod Henric. de Killigreu ten 1. feo in Orchard marries Iohannes de Cobbeham in Lancols 1. feod quod Abbas conuentus de Hartland tenent in pur perpet elem Idem ten in Wiston Scrpeknol 1. feod Idem ten in burgo paruo Ponte knol Sunondsham 1. feod quod Abbas conu praed clam tenere in pura perpet elem Idem ten 3. part 1. feod in Turlebere Idem ten 1. feod 6. part 1. feod in Hilton simul cum Ferewil in Deuon Rogerus de Carmmon ten 1 feod in Hormecot Refcher Rex ten 1. feod in Bostinne Idem ten Lamaylwen 1. feod quod Oliuerus de Crammon ten Idem ten in Nantoige 1. feod di feod Iohanna Lengleis ten 1. feod in Wadfaste Guilielmus de Campo Arnulphi ten 1. feod in Pennalim Idem ten 1. feod 2. partes 1. feod in Wike Prior de Lanceston ten ¼ 1. feod in Borton Haluethus Maliuery ten di feo milit in Tamerton Omnia praedicta feod sunt parua feod praeter 2. feod in Kilkam lond Hundred de East IOhanna de Rame ten 1. fe magnum de Seniock Nicholaus Danne ten 1. partem feod
Cob for his wals and Thatch for his couering as for Brick and Lath walles they can hardly brooke the Cornish weather and the vse thereof being put in triall by some was found so vnprofitable as it is not continued by any It resteth that after the Cornish Inhabitants reall priuate estate I speake of their entercourse and traffike and so step forth to their personal This entercourse is obtayned by high wayes and Bridges for high wayes the Romanes did not extend theirs so farre but those layd out of later times are in the Easterne part of Cornwall vneasy by reason either of their mire or stones besides many vp-hils and downe-hils The Westerne are better trauaileable as lesse subiect to these discommodities generally the statute 18. Eliz. for their amendement is reasonably wel executed Bridges the riuer Tamer hath Polston Gresham Horse and New Bridge Lyner that at Noddetor Seton and Loo two bridges of the same name Foy riuer Reprin Lostwithiel S. Nighton or Niot Fala riuer Grampord Tregny Loo riuer Helston On the North coast vpon Camel Wade Dilland Helland Vpon Deuon Trywartheuy c. for they are worth no curious enquiry For maintenance of traffike by buying and selling there are weekely markets kept In the Hundred of East at Saltash Launceston and Milbrook In West H. at Loo and Liskerd In Stratton H. at the Towne of the same name In Lesnewith H. at Bottreaux Castle and Camelford In Powder H. at Foy Lostwithiel Grampord Tregny and Truro In Trig H. at Bodmin In Kerier Hun. at Helston and Perin And in Penwith Hundred at Pensants and at S. Ies. Of these Bodmyn and Launceston are the greatest this as placed in the broadest that in the middle part of the Countie Fayres there are many some which here ensue March 13 at Bodmyn Helston S. Mishaels mount April 24. at Loo 25. at S. Columbs S. Probus May 1. at Launceston Perin Iune 11. at Minhinet 24. at Laūcestō pelint probus Colombs Iuly on S. Margets day at S. Stephens S. Thomas transl at Camelford On S. Iames day at Golsinni Saltash August 1. at S Germaines On S. Laurence day at S. Laurence On the Assumption of our Lady at Lalant September on S. Mathews day at Liskerd on S. Bartholmews at Lostwithiel on the Natiuitie of our Lady at Kellington S. Marie weeke and Marcasiow October on S. Dionise day at Treuenna in Tintagel Nouember on S Katherins day at S. Thomas On S Leonards day at Launceston and Tregny December on S. Nicholas day at Bodmyn And because traffike cannot bee exercised without waights and measures a word or two of them Touching wayghts the statute 12. H. 7. which made a generall ordinance therein did specially exempt those appertayning to the cunnage in Deuon and Cornwall viz. that they should be priuiledged to continue their former vsage In measures the Shire varieth not only from others but also in it selfe for they haue a land measure and a water-measure the water-measure of things sold at the ships side as salt aud peason by the Inhabitants is sixteene gallons the bushell by strangers betweene 18. and 24. The land-measure differeth in diuers places from 18. to 24. gallons the bushell being least in the East parts and increasing to the Westwards where they measure Oates by the hogshead The Iustices of peace haue oftentimes indeuoured to reduce this variance to a certaintie of double Winchester but though they raysed the lower they cannot abate the higher to this proportion and yet from the want of this reformation there ensue many inconueniences for the Farmer that hath the greatest bushell at the market maketh a price for the lesser to follow with little or at least no rateable deduction Besides they sell at home to their neighbours the rest of the weeke by the smaller measure as was payd in the market for the bigger There are also some Ingrossers who buy Wheat of the husbandman after 18 gallons the bushell and deliuer it to the transporting Marchant for the same summe at 16. So doth their Pearch exceed that of other Countries which amounteth vnto 18. foote And it is likewise obserued by strangers that the Cornish miles are much longer then those about London if at least the wearinesse of their bodies after so painefull a iourney blemish not the coniecture of their mindes I can impute this generall enlargement of saleable things to no cause sooner then the Cornish mans want of vent and money who therethrough to equall others in quality of price is driuen to exceed them in quantitie of measure Touching the personall estate of the Cornish Inhabitants to begin with their name in generall I learne by master Camden who as the Arch-antiquarie Iustus Lipsius testifieth of him Britanniae nebulas claro ingenij sole illustrauit that Ptolomey calleth them Damnonii Strabo Ostidamnii and Aretemidorus Cossini Touching their particular denominations where the Saxons haue not intruded their newer vsances they partake in some sort with their kinsmen the Welsh for as the Welshmen catalogize ap Rice ap Griffin ap Owen ap Tuder ap Lewellin c. vntill they end in the highest of the stock whom their memorie can reach vnto So the Westerne Cornish by a like but more cōpendious maner intitle one another with his owne his fathers christen name and conclude with the place of his dwelling as Iohn the sonne of Thomas dwelling at Pendaruis is called Iohn Thomas Pendaruis Rich. his yonger brother is named Richard Thomas Pendaruis c. Through which meanes diuers Gent. and others haue changed their names by remoouing their dwellings as Trengoue to Nance Bomthon to Carclew two brethren of the Thomasses the one to Carnsew the other to Rescrowe and many other Most of them begin with Tre Pol or Pen which signifie a Towne a Top and a head whence grew the common by-word By Tre Pol and Pen You shall know the Cornishmen Neither doe they want some signification as Godolfin alias Godolghan a white Eagle Chiwarton the greene Castle on the hill which Gentlemen giue such Armes Reskimer the great Dogges race who beareth a Wolfe passant Carnsew alias Carndew a black rock his house Bokelly which soundeth the lost Goat and a Goate he beareth for his coate Carnimow a little Citie Cosowarth the high Groue c. And as the Cornish names hold an affinity with the Welsh so is their language deduced frō the same source and differeth onely in the dialect But the Cornish is more easie to bee pronounced and not so vnpleasing in sound with throat letters as the Welsh A friend of mine one master Thomas Williams discoursed once with mee that the Cornish tongue was deriued from or at least had some acquayntance with the Greeke and besides diuers reasons which hee produced to proue the same hee vouched many wordes of one sence in both as for example Greeke Cornish English Teino Tedua Draw Mamma Mamm Mother Episcopos Escoppe Bishop
to the iurisdiction of the Stannary To the preseruation of which royalties our Parliaments haue euer carried a reuerend regard For by that Act 17. Edw. 4. which enioyneth forrayne Marchants to bestow such money as they receiue for their wares in English commodities or to pay the same vnto Englishmen the Kings part of all forfeytures within Cornwall is reserued to the Duke So doth that 11. H. 7. concerning the reformation of waights measures prouide that it shall not be hurtful or preiudiciall to the Prince within the Duchy of Cornwall nor to any waights of the cunnage and so doth that 1. H. 8. touching Excheators exempt that officer in Cornwal It should seeme that the first Earles bare a heauy hand in commaund ouer their subiects for both diuers ancient records as I haue learned make mention of tributes imposed almost vpon euery thing of profit and it may farther be gathered in that as well townes as particular persons were faine to procure Charters and graunts from them for corporations faires markets taking or freeing frō tolls mines fishing fowling hawking hunting and what not so as vpon the matter the plight of a Cornish Inhabitant and a French pezant did differ very little Which bondage one not long agoe sought in part to reestablish vnder pretence of reuiuing a rent decayed euer since 9. H. 2. and aduancing her Maiesties profit to this end procured Letters patents that none should falt dry or pack any fish in Deuon or Cornwall without his licence and warrant A matter that would by consequence haue made him an absolute disposer of all the Westerne shipping and traffike and their sea and land dependants Few words but folding vp a multitude of inconueniences to her Maiestic the whole Commonwealth Wherefore the Cornish Iustices of the peace became hūble suiters to the Lords of her Highnes priuy Councell for a necessary and speedy redresse herein and through the neuer fayling forwardnesse and backing of Sir Walter Ralegh obtayned a reuocation Howbeit this ill weed rather cut off by the ground then plucked vp by the roote once yea twice or thrice grew forth againe but yet maugre the warmers and waterers hath by her Maiesties gracious breath beene euer parched vp and as is hoped will neuer shoote out heereafter at least it shall still finde an vnited resistance of most earnest suit and pregnant reasons to beate it downe The Earles had foure houses builded Castle-wise for their residence viz. Trematon Launceston Restormel and Liskerd But since the principality of Wales and this Duchy became vnited in one person the larger scope and greater commaund of that hath robbed this of his Lords presence by consequence the strength of these Castles could not so gard them against the battery of time and neglect but that from faire buildings they fell into foule reparations and from foule reparations are now sunke into vtter ruine King H. the 8. affecting his honor of Newelin respecting the cōmodities which Wallingford Castle might afford it tooke this last by act of Parl. frō the Duchy in lieu therof annexed certain mannors lying in Corn. falne to the Crowne through the Marques of Excesters attainder which Qieene Marie afterwards restored in tayle to his sonne the Earle of Deuon and vpon his issue-les decease receiued them againe It were against duetie to make question whether in this exchange the kings meaning went with his pretence and yet wee finde it an ordinary policy amongst Princes to send their successours with a kinde of libera or honoraria legatio into the remoter quarters of their dominions as if they would shunne occasions of iclousie springing from an ouer-neere neighbourhood Howsoeuer the same king not long after passed away this Castle vnto Christs Colledge in Oxford who vse it as a place of retrayt when the Vniuersitie is visited with any contagious sicknes I haue vnderstood that question is made amongst men of knowledge what is become of this Duchy Some holding it altogether extinct for want of the kings issue male some auerring that it is suspended in 〈◊〉 as they say pro tempore and some supposing that it continueth in full power and that her Maiestie hath onely Custodiam Ducatus as of Bishopricks sede va 〈…〉 e Fenes Iudiceralis sit Once euery Sheriffe is summoned to enter his account in the Duchy Exchequer at Lostwithyel and from thence referred ouer to the Exchequer aboue Cornwall considered as a part of the Realme sorteth her gouernment into two kindes spirituall and temporall Touching the spirituall In ancient times this Shire had his particular Bishop and I find how in the yeere 905. Forinosus the Pope sent a sharpe letter to Edward the sonne of Alfride reproouing him for suffring the VVest Saxons to be destitute of Bishops seuen yeeres together Whereon by the aduice of his Councell and Arch-bishop Pleymund he ordayned seuen Bishops in one day amongst whome Herstane was consecrated to Cornwall and Eadwolfe to Crediton which last had three townes in Cornwall assigned him to wit Pontium Coelling and Landwhitton that thence he might yeerely visit the people to roote out as mine authour sayth their errours for before as much as in them lay they withstood the truth and obeyed not the Apostolike decrees Whereon I ground two collections the first that the light of the Gospell tooke not his originall shining into these parts from the Romish Bishop the other that the Cornish like their cousins the Welsh could not bee soone or easily induced to acknowledge his iurisdictiō The Bishops see was formerly at S. Petrocks in Bodmyn but by reason the Danes burned there his Church and palace the same remooued to S. Germanes After that Lumigius from a Monke of Winchester elected Abbot of Tauistoke and from that Abbey aduanced to the Bishoprick of Creditune by his grace with Canutus King of the Angles obtayned an annexion of Cornwal lately fallen voyd and so made one Dioces of that and Deuon as it hath euer since continued This Bishoprick had diuers faire houses and large reuenues in Cornwall but one Veyzy Bishop of the dioces in King H. the 8. time coniecturing as it is conceyued that the Cathedrall Churches should not long ouer-liue the suppressed Monasteries made hauock of those liuings before-hand some by long leasing and some by flat selling so as he left a poore remainder to his successours It oweth subiection to the Metropolitane of Canterbury and hath one onely Archdeaconry which place is now supplyed by master Thomas Sumaster who adorneth the Gentility of his birth with the honestie of his life and by both sorts of feeding approueth himselfe a liberall and commendable pastor Certaine Peculiars there are some appertaining to the dignities of the Cathedrall Church at Exon to wit S. Probus and S. Peran and some to priuate persons as Burien and Temple For religious houses I read that in the time of Paganisme Cunedag builded a Temple in Cornwall to Apollo
burial of a Duke whose heire was maried to the prince But who it should bee I cannot deuise albeit my best pleasing coniecture lighteth vpon Orgerius because his daughter was married to Edgar At the last Cornish commotion S. Richard Greynuile the elder did with his Ladie and followers put themselues into this Castle there for a while indured the Rebels siege incamped in three places against it who wanting great Ordinance could haue wrought the besieged small scathe had his friends or enemies kept faith and promise but some of those within slipping by night ouer the wals with their bodies after their hearts and those without mingling humble intreatings with rude menaces he was hereby wonne to issue forth at a posterne gate for patley The while a part of thoserakehels not knowing what honestie and farre lesse how much the word of a souldier imported stepped betweene him and home laid hold on his aged vnweyldie body and threatned to leaue it liuelesse if the inclosed did not leaue their resistance So prosecuting their first treacherie against the prince with suteable actions towards his subiects they seized on the Castle and exercised the vttermost of their barbarous crueltie death excepted on the surprised prisoners The seely Gentlewomen without regard of sexe or shame were stripped from their apparrell to their verie smockes and some of their fingers broken to plucke away their rings and Sir Richard himselfe made an exchange from Trematon Castle to that of Launceston with the Gayle to boote This Castle vaunteth the Lord Warden his steward by Patent Master Anthonie Rouse his Baylife by inheritance and Richard Carew of Antony his keeper by lease Of the ancient officers one yet retayneth the name though not the place viz. M. Porter to whose ancestor when Vantor was L. thereof one by a deed before date gaue land lying without the gate by the title of Russell Ianitori de Trematon which he still enioyeth M. Porters Armes are Sa. Three Belles Ar. a Canton Erm. It standeth in S. Stephens parish the sheafe whereof together with other farre reuennues M. George Wadham enioying in the right of his wife the daughter and heire to master Hechins liberally bestoweth in continuall hospitalitie Master Hechins Armes are Sa. a crosse Fleurty quarterly B. and G. betweene 4. Lyons heades erased Sa. langued of the second M. Wadhams G. a Cheuron betweene three Roses Ar. The same parish also compriseth Saltash in olde writings called Villa de Esse Esse his towne and such Gentlemen there haue bene of ancient descent and faire reuennues The word Salt is added thereunto because it standeth on the sea to distinguish it from other places of the same name It is seated on the declyning of a steep hill consisteth of three streets which euery showre washeth cleane compriseth betweene 80. and 100. households vnderlyeth the gouernment of a Maior his 10. brethren and possesseth sundry large priuiledges ouer the whole hauen to wit an yeerely rent of boates and barges appertayning to the harbour ancorage of strange shipping crowning of dead persons laying of arrests and other Admirall rights besides electing of Burgesses for the Parliaments benefit of the passage foreclosing all others saue themselues from dredging of Oysters except betweene Candlemas and Easter weckely markets halfe-yeerely fayres c. The towne is of late yeeres well encreased and adorned with buildings the townsmen addict themselues to the honest trade of marchandise which endoweth them with a competent wealth Some 7. or 8. ships belong thereunto It was not long since that the neighbour-ministers successiuely bestowed their paines in preaching there on the market daies and the bordering gentlemen yeelded their presence Sermon ended the Preachers resorted to one ordinary and the Gentlemen to another This affoorded commendable effects to many works of loue and charity but with the retorted blame from one to another it is now wholly giuen ouer Heere that great Carrack which Sir Frauncis Drake surprised in her returne from the East Indies vnloded her frayght and through a negligent fyring met with an vnproper ending In this towne also dwelleth one Grisling deafe from a long time who besides his merry conceites of counterseyting by signes like the Romane Pantamimi any kinde of occupation or exercise hath a strange quality to vnderstand what you say by marking the mouing of your lips especially if you speake deliberately of any ordinary matter so as contrary to the rules of nature and yet without the helpe of arte he can see words as they passe forth of your mouth and of this I haue caused him to giue often experiments And if Plyny now liued I suppose he would affoord a roome in his natural History to a dogge of this town who as I haue learned by the faithfull report of master Thomas Parkins vsed daily to fetch meate at his house there and to carry the same vnto a blinde mastiffe that lay in a brake without the towne yea that more is hee would vpon Sundayes conduct him thither to dynner and the meale ended guide him back to his couch and couert againe I had almost forgotten to tell you that there is a well in this towne whose water will neuer boyle peason to a seasonable softnes At the foot of Saltash there abbutteth vpon the sea a rock called Ashtorre alias Esses Torre which is inuested with the iurisdiction of a mannour and claymeth the sultes of many Gentlemen as his freeholders in Knights seruice Belowe this there is a rock on eche side of the riuer the one termed the Bull the other the Hen that on Deuon this on Cornwall side The Hen standeth a little distant from the shore which giueth occasion to a Packe how between it and the land the Queenes greatest ship may saile but it is meant of the farther distant Aboue Saltash Cargreen a fisher towne sheweth it selfe but can hardly muster a meane plight of dwellings or dwellers so may their care be greene because their wealth is withered Neere thereunto is Clifton a neat seated house appertayning to one of the Arundels descended by a yonger brother from those of Trerice he maried Hill his father Cole Neither hath your eye searcely quitted that when it receiueth Halton the pleasant and commodious dwelling of M. Anthony Rouse both which benefits he employeth to a kind vninterrupted entertainment of such as visit him vpō his not spare inuiting or their owne occasions who without the selfe guilt of an vngratefull wrong must witnes that his frankenesse confirmeth their welcome by whatsoeuer meanes prouision the fewell of hospitality can in the best maner supply His auncestours were Lords of little Modbury in Deuon before the descent of times grew to a distinguishment by the date of writings which mannour together with other lands through a lineall succession fell to be possessed by Raphe Wil. Raphe Iohn Wil. Raphe and Raphe whose daughter and heire Elizabeth bestowed the same with
of K. Alfred namely how comming into Cornwall on hunting he turned aside for doing his deuotion into a Church where S. Guorijr and S. Neot made their abode quare whether he meane not their burials or rather so resolue because Asser so deliuers it and there found his orisons seconded with a happy effect Next I will relate you another of the Cornish natural wonders viz. S. Kaynes well but lest you make a wonder first at the Saint before you take notice of the well you must vnderstand that this was not Kayne the manqueller but one of a gentler spirit and milder sex to wit a woman He who caused the spring to be pictured added this rime for an exposition In name in shape in quality This well is very quaint The name to let of Kayne befell No ouer-holy Saint The shape 4. trees of diuers kinde Witby Oke Elme and Ash Make with their roots an arched roofe Whose floore this spring doth wash The quality that man or wife Whose chance or choice attaines First of this sacred streame to drinke Ther thy the mastry gaines In this Hundred the rubble of certaine mines and ruines of a fining house conuince Burchard Craneigh the Duchmans vaine endeuour in seeking of siluer owter howbeit hee afterwards lighted on a thriftier vayne of practising phisike át London where he grewe famous by the name of Doctor Bureot Killigarth being interpreted in English signifieth He hath lost his griping or reaching and by his present fortune in some sort iustifieth that name for the same hath lately forgone Sir William Beuill whome it embraced as owner Inhabitant by his sudden death and is passed into the possession of the faire Lady his widdow by her husbands conueyance It yeeldeth a large viewe of the South coast and was it selfe in Sir Williams life time much visited through his franke inuitingâ— The mention of this Knight calleth to my remembrance a sometimes vncouth seruaunt of his whose monstrous conditions partly resembled that Polyphemus described by Homâ—â— and Virgil and liuely imitated by Ariosto in his Orco or rather that Egyptian Polyphagus in whome by Suetonius report the Emperour Nero tooke such pleasure This fellow was taken vp by Sir William vnder a hedge in the deepest of Winter welneere starued with cold and hunger hee was of staturemeane of constitution leane of face freckled of composition well proportioned of diet naturally spare and cleanely inough yet at his masters bidding he would deuoure nettles thistles the pith of Artichokes raw and liuing birds and fishes with their scales and feathers burning coles and candles and whatsoeuer else howsoeuer vnsauorie if it might be swallowed neither this a little but in such quantitie as it often bred a second wonder how his belly should containe so much yet could no man at any time discouer him doing of that which necessitie of nature requireth Moreouer he would take a hot yron out of the fire with his bare hand neuer changed his apparell but by constraint and vsed to lie in strawe with his head downe and his heeled vpwards Spare he was of speech and in stead of halfe his words vsed this terme Size as I will Size him for strike him hee is a good Size for man c. Ouer-sleeping or some other accident made him to lose a day in his accompt of the weeke so as he would not beleeue but that Sunday was Saterday Saterday Friday c. To Sir William he bare such faithfulnesse that hee would follow his horse like a spanyell without regard of way or wearinesse waite at his chamber doore the night time suffering none to come neere him and performe whatsoeuer hee commanded were it neuer so vndawfull or dangerous On a time his master expecting strangers sent him with a panier to his 〈◊〉 at the sea side to fetch some fish In his way he passed by a riuer whereinto the tide then flowed and certaine fishermen were drawing their nets which after Iohn Size had a while beheld hee casts to haue a share amongst them for his master So into the water he leaps and there for the space of a flight shoot wadeth and walloweth for swimme hee could not sometimes vp and sometimes downe carrying his panier still before him to his owne extreame hazard of drowning and the beholders great pittying vntill at last all wet and wearied out he scrambleth and home he hieth with a bitter complaint to his master of his ill fortune that he could not catch some fish aswell as the rest where so much was going In this sort he continued for 〈◊〉 yeeres vntill vpon I wot not what veâ—â—â—â— or vnkindnesse away he gets and abroad he rogues which remitter brought him in the end to his foredeferred and not auoyded destiny for as vnder a hedge hee was formd pyning so vnder a hedge hee found his miserable death through penury Sir Williams father maried the daughter of Militon his graundfather the daughter and heire of Bear whose liuelyhood repayred what the elder brothers daughters had impaired The Beuils Armesart A a Bull passant G. armed and tripped O. In the same parish where Killigarth is seated Master Murth inheriteth a house and demaynes Hee maried Treffry his father Tregose One of their auncestours within the memorie of a next neighbour to the house called Prake burdened with 110. yeeres age entertained a British miller as that people for such idle occupations proue more handie then our owne But this fellowes seruice befell commodious in the worst sense For when not long after his acceptance warres growe betweene vs France hestealeth ouer into his countrey returneth priuily backe againe with a French crew surprizeth suddenly his master and his ghosts at a Chrisemas supper carrieth them speedily vnto Lahueghey and for coth the Gent. to redeeme his enlargement with the sale of a great part of his reuenewes A little to the Westwards from Killigarth the poore harbour and village of Polpera coucheth betweene 2. steepe hils where plenty of fish is vented to the fish driuers whom we call Iowters The warmth of this Hundred siding the South hath entierd many Gent. here to make choyce of their dwellings as M. Buller now Sherife at Tregarrick sometimes the Widestades inheritance vntill the fathers rebellion for feited it to the Prince and the Princes largesse rewarded therewith his subiects Wides lades some led a walking life with his harpe to Gentlemens houses wherethrough and by his other actiue qualities hee was intitled Sir Tristram neither wanted he as some say a bele I sound the more aprly to resemble his patterne Master Buller married the daughter of one Williams a Counsellour at lawe in Deuon his father a younger branch of the ancient stocke planted in Somerset shire tooke to wise the widdowe of Courtney and daughter and heire to Trethurffe by whose dower and his owne indeuour he purchased and left to his sonne faire possessions but not vnencumbred with titles which draue
vefled in master Otwell Hill as heire to his mother the daughter and heire to Cosowarth to whome it likewise accrued by matching with the daughter and heire of that name a seate through his fruitfulnesse and other appurtenances supplying the owner large meanes of hospitalitie and by him so imployed who reckoneth to receiue most good when he doth it He deriueth himselfe from a populous and well regarded familie in Lancashire and matried the daughter of Denham and beareth G. a Cheuron betweene three Garbes Ermine Art he adioyning Saint Tue dwelleth master Richard Tremayn descended from a yonger brother of Colocumb house in Deuon who being learned in the lawes is yet to learne or atleast to practise how he may make other profit there by then by hoarding vp teasure of gratitude in the mindfull brests of poore and rich on whom hee gratis bestoweth the fruites of his paines and knowledge He married Coffyn hee beareth G. three Armes in circle ioyned at the Tronkes O. with hands proper Dudman a wel knowne foreland to most Saylers here shouldreth out the Ocean to shape the same a large bosome betweene it selfe and Rame head which are wel-neere twentie myles in distance Amongst sundrie prouerbs allotting an impossible time of performance the Cornishmen haue this one When Rame-head and Dudman meet Whose possession yet though not theÌ„selues met in Sir Peers Edgecumb as inioying that in right of his wife and this by descent from his Father Bodrugan a large demaines adioyning thereunto which I will not deriue from Sir Bors du Ganis though the neighbours so say was the dwelling of Sir Henrie Trenowith a man of great liuely-hood who chaunged his name with the house and lost house and holding through attainder for rebellion against king Henrie the seuenth The king bestowed it by an intailed gift vpon Sir Richard Edgecumb Next lyeth the foreremembred Carybayes Kery haz in Cornish signifieth to beare his seede or as some other define it delighting in seede descended to M. Charles Treuanion the present possessioner by a long ranke of auncestors from Arundels daughter and-heire his father married the daughter of Morgan and sister to the first Lord Hunsdons wife which brought him an honourable ally Three of this Gentlemans elder brethren Edward Iohn and Hugh forewent him in successioned their fathers inheritance and passed to the better world in a single life himselfe by matching the daughter and heire of Witchalse whose mother was coheire to Marwood hath raised issue vnto them and continueth the hope of posteritie Sir William Treuanions his Graundfire tooke to wife the said Sir Richard Edgecumbs daughter The Treuanions Armes are A. a Fesse B. charged with three Escalops O. betweene two Cheurons G. Roseland is a circuite containing certaine Parishes hereabouts and benefiting the owners with his fruitfulnesse so that though the original of his name came perhaps as master Camden noteth from his former thickets yet his present estate better resembleth a flowrie effect By this time we approch the limits of Falmouth Hauen vpon one of whose Creekes standeth the market and incorporate towne of Tregny not specially memorable in my knowledge for any extraordinarie worth or accident Of better regard is Truro alias Truru or Trisow as the principall towne of the Hauen priuiledged with a Mayraltie and benefited with the generall Westerne Sessions Coynages Markets Faires c. The shape of the towne and Etymon of the name may be learned out of this Cornish propheticall rime Truru Triueth cu Ombdina geueth try ru Which is to say Truro consisteth of three streetes and it shall in time bee said Here Truro stood A like mischiefe of a mysterie they obserue that in taking T. from the towne there testeth ru ru which in English soundeth Woe Woe but whatsoeuer shall become therof hereafter for the present I hold it to haue got the start in wealth of anyother Gornish towne and to come behind none in buildings Lanceston onely excepted where there is more vse and profit of faire lodgings through the Countie Assizes I wish that they would likewise deserue praise for getting and imploying their riches in some industrious trade to the good of their Countrie as the Harbours oportunitie inviteth them Descending from Truro to the Hauens mouth by water you are ouer-looked by sundrie Gentlemens commodious feates as Fen ten golian in English the Haâ—ts well lately appertaining to master Carmynow by interpretation often louing and now to master Holcomb who married the daughter of master Peter Courtncy Master Sayers house Ardeuora inhabited by master Thomas Peyton a Gentleman for his age and vertues deseruing a regardfull estimation Master Befcawnes Master Sayers but amongst all vpon that side of the riuer Taluerne for pleasant prospect large scope and other hous-keeping commodities challengeth the preeminence it was giuen to a yonger brother of Lanhearne for some six or seuen descents past and hath bred Gent of good worth and calling amongst whom I may not forget the late hind valiant Sir Iohn Arundell who matched with Godolphin nor Iohn his vertuous and hopeful succeeding sonne who married with Carew though this remembrance renew that sorrow which once I partly expressed in the insuing Epitaph Seeke not blind eyes the liking with the dead T is earth you see our Arundel is gone To ioyne with Christ as member to his head And skernes and pities this our bootlesse mone Yet pardon vs sweete soule mans nature beares We to thy losse should sacrifice our teares Thou time hast changed to eternitie But timelesse was that time in our regard Since â—â—ught thou leau'st vs saue the memorie Of thy deare worth so soone not to be spared Soft be the grine vnrathy resting bones Short be the date that vs againe atones Vpon the East side of the Hauens entrance Saint Maryes alias S. Mawes Castle witly his Point-blanke Ordinance comptrolleth any shipping that deserue a deniall of admission or passage and is commaunded by master Viuian a Gentleman who through his worth deserueth and with due care and iudgement dischargeth the Martiall and ciuill gouernments committed to his trust hee beareth partie per fesse Ar. and Vnsase 6. in chiefe a Lyon rampant G. We will close vp this Hundred after our vsuall maner with the Gentlemen of marke but not orderly marked Such are Tanner who married the daughter of Rosicarrock who beareth A. on a chiefe S. three Morions heads O. Pomeroy a branch of Bery Pomeroy in Deuon he beareth O. a Lyon rampaÌ„t G. who matched with Tanner and whose daughter heire apparant hath taken to husband the yong Penkeuil who beareth A. two Cheurons and in chiefe a Lyon passant G. Polwheele whose name in deduced from his dwelling and his dwelling may be interpreted The mity worke linked in wedlock with the coheire of Trinâ—â—â—â—â—e in English The towne of the borough His mother was Lower of Trelask Palwheel beareth S. a Saultier engraysed Erm. Hearle lineally desoended from sundry Knights
Garrison vpon the Hawe at Plymmouth and at her great charges with some litte helpe of the Countrie added an increase of fortification and souldiers to Pendenis Howbeit his greatest strength consisteth in Sir Nicholas Parker the Gouernour who demeaning himselfe no lesse kindly and frankly towards his neighbours for the present then hee did resolutely and valiantly against the enemie when he followed the warres therethrough commaundeth not onely their bodies by his authoritie but also their hearts by his loue to liue and die in his assistance for their common preseruation and her Highnesse seruice hee beareth B. Frettie and A. a Fesse O. After the declining hill hath deliuered you downe from this Castle Arwenacke entertaineth you with a pleasing view for the same standeth so farre within the Hauens mouth that it is protected from the sea stormes and yet so neere thereunto as it yeeldeth a ready passage out Besides the Cliffe on which the house abbutteth is steepe enough to shoulder off the waues and the ground about it plaine and large enough for vse and recreation It is owed by Master Iohn Killigrew who married the daughter of Monck and heire to her mother and was sonne to Sir Iohn Killigrew who matched with Woluerstone the stocke is ancient and diuers of the branches as I haue elsewhere remembred growne to great aduancement in calling and liuely-hood by their greater desert their Armes are A. an Eagle with two heads displayed within a bordure Bezanty S. Somewhat aboue Arwenacke Trefuses point diuideth the harbour and yeeldeth a seuerall Ankering place on eche side there of the one called Carrack rode the other kings rode This Promontory is possessed and inhabited by a Gentleman of that name who suitably to his name giueth three Fusils for his coat in this sort A. a Cheuron betweene three Fusils S. He maried the coheire of Gaurigan and M. Wil. Godolphin late yonger brother to Sir Frauncis her other sister Vpon the left hand from hence at the top of a creek Perin towne hath taken vp his seat rather passable then noteable for wealth buildings and Inhabitants in all which though neerer the hauens thouth it giueth Truro the preeminence the like whereof I obserue touching diuers other townes of the same situation in Deuon as Salcomb and kings bridge Dartmouth and Totnes Topsâ—â—…ain and Excester amongst which those that stand highest vp in the Countrey affoord therethrough a fitter oportunity of accesse from all quarters and so a speedyer and larger vent of their commodities In Perin was Glasney Colledge founded by Walter Brounscomb benefited by Iohn Graundson Bishops of Excester which See possesseth faire reuennues thereabouts Vpon another crecke on the same side Carclew hath after the Cornish maner welneere metamorphosed the name of Master Bonithon his owner into his owne He maried the daughter of Vinian his father of Killigrew his graundfather of Erisy and beareth A. a Cheuron betweene 3. Floures deluce S. With any memorable act or accident concerning this hauen I cannot acquaint you before my perting therefrom saue onely that Philip Arch-duke of Austriche during his voyage from Netherland towards Spayne his wiues kingdome was weather-driuen into Weymouth and with a kinde constraint receyued a more royall then welcome entertainment at the hands of King Henrie the 7. from which hee could not free himselfe but by redeeming his libertie with De la Pooles captiuity This accomplished he made ehoyce to take ship againe at Falmouth that so by the shortest eut hee might leaue least power in fortune to thwart him any second incumbrance Hailford so called of the fordable riuer Haill if elsewhere placed would carry the reputation of a good harbour but as it now standeth Falmouths ouer-neere neighbourhood lesseneth his vse and darkeneth his reputation as quitting it onely to the worst sort of Sea-farers I meane Pirats whose guilty brests with an eye in their backs looke warily how they may goe out ere they will aduenture to enter and this at vnfortifyed Hailford cannot be controlled in which regard it not vnproperly brooketh his more common terme of Helford and the nick-name of Stealfoord His shores affoord commodious seates to the dwellings of Reskimer who maried S. Abin and beareth B. 3. barres A. in chiefe a Wolfe passant of the first and Tregose who matched with Kendal his sonne with Erisy and beareth B. two barres Gemewes in chiefe a Lyon passant O. armed and langued G. And if your eares be not already cloyed with relation of wonders I will let you vnderstand how I was once carried to see one hereabouts It is forsooth a great rock lying vpon the ground his top deepned to a hollownesse not much vnlike in fashion but far exceeding in proportion the long halfe of an egge This they say holdeth water which ebbeth and floweth as the sea and indeed when I came thither the tide was halfe out and the pit halfe empty By it there stands a Chappell to it there belonged a couer so as the same seemed in former times to cary some regard But I haue heard credible persons so discredit this woonder that I dare not offer it you as probable much lesse thrust it vpon you as approoued The name thereof is Hanterdauis which turning d to t signifieth halfe a tongue More certaine though lesse wonderfull and yet for the strangenesse wel worth the viewing is Mainamber Mayne is a rocke amber as some say signifyeth Ambrose And a great rocke the same is aduaunced vpon some others of a meaner size with so equall a counterpeyze that the push of a finger will sensibly moue it too and fro but farther to remooue it the vnited forces of many shoulders are ouer-weake Wherefore the Cornish wonder-gatherer thus deservbeth the same BE thou thy mother natures worke Or proofe of Giants might Worthlesse and ragged though thou shew Yet art thou worth the sight This hugy rock one fingers force Apparently will moue But to remooue it many strengths Shall all like feeble prooue Helston in Cornish Hellaz in English the greene hall is a well seated and peopled towne priuiledged secundum vsum with the rest and one of the 4. Coynage places Vnder it runneth the riuer Lo whose passage into the sea is thwarted by a sandy banke which forceth the same to quurt back a great way and so to make a poole of some miles in compasse It breedeth a peculiar kind of bastard Trought in bignesse and goodnes exceeding such as liue in the fresh water but comming short of those that frequent the salt The foreremembred bank serueth as a bridge to deliuer wayfarers with a compendious passage to the other side howbeit sometimes with more haste then good speed for now and then it is so pressed on the inside with the increasing riuers waight and a portion of the vtter sand so washed downe by the waues that at a sudden out breaketh the vpper part of the poole and away goeth a