orient Suidas Hieron da S. Stephano Thom. Steuens Stephanus Byzant Srabot Strabus Georg. Stampellus Henry Stephanus Surius Ludolph Suchenensis Stuckius Suares I. Bap. Scortia Sinod Constantinop Suetonius Io. Chr. Caluetus Stella Did. Stella Io. Mar. Stella Tileman Stella Summa Saracen Sectae D. Sutcliffe Edwardus Syluius Sulaka T TAtianus Corn. Tacitus Io. Tasnier Fr. Thamata Franc. Tarapha Theodoretus Theophilus f. Theoph. Antiochenus Tertullianus Terentius Theophilactus Temporarius Thesoro Politico R. Aben Tybbon William Thorpe Thaiso Sinensis Lit. Theophrastus Relat. del Temistitan Theophanes F. A. Theuet Thucidides Tibullus Ro. Thorne Timberley Ro. Tomson W. Towerson Trelcatius Tremellius Mas Transiluano Tripartita hist Mer. Trismegistus Trithemius Nic. Trigautius Increase of Trade Defence of Trade Toletus Adrianus Turnebus Cosm Turrianus G. Tyrius G. Trapezunt Con. Trident. Turselius L. de May. Turquet Tyndarus Ioannes Tzetzes V LOp Vaz Cor. Valerius Fr. Vaez Ioa. Vadianus Ioach. Vagetius F. Vatablus Caspar Varerius Martin de Valentia A. Valignanus Ioan. Vasaeus R. Verstegan Com. de Vena L. Vertomannus Eman. de Veiga Io. Verrazano Verhuffi Nauig Viperanus Viaggio in Persia N. life of Virginia F. a Victoria P. Victor S. A. Victor Victor Vticensis Nic. Villagagnon Gasp Vilela Gerar. de Veer Virgilius Pol. Virgil Ant. du Virdier Iacob a Vitriaco Vitruvius Viguerius Voy du Villamont L. Viues Fr. de Vllca R. Volateranus Vrsinus Luys de Vrreta Fla. Vopiscus Americus Vesputius Ger. Io. Vossius W THomas Walsingham Lord De la Ware D. Whitakerus Alexander Whitaker D. Willet Whitney Ia. Welsh Webs Trauels T. Windam L. Warde Ward and Dansker Siluester Wiet Seb. de Wert Io. White Nau. D. White George Wilkins T. Wiars The World Descrip. of the World Henr. Wolfius Io. Wolfius Theol. Fr. Wendelinus Richard Whitborne Edward Winne Io. Wolfius I. C. Wolf Wissenberg S. H. Willoughby Nau. I. Wragge X XEnophon Franc. Xeres F. Xauier Hier. Xauier Z ZAbarella Hier. Zanchius A. Zachuth Zaga Zabo Zonaras Zeui Nau. c. Zoroaster f. Io. Zygomalas Theodos Zygomalas Theod. Zuingerus THE NAMES OF MANVSCRIPTS TRAVELLERS AND OTHER AVTHORS the most of which are published in our Bookes of VOYAGES which together with this Impression is made publike WIlliam Anthon. Samuel Argal Lit. Aleppenses Thomas Bernhere Ambros de Armariolo William Baffin Andrew Battell Brasill Treatise Iames Beuersham Hen. Brigs George Ball Banda Surrenders Hist. Barnwell George Barkly Nic. Bangam Capt. Tho. Best Sir Tho. Button Rich. Blithe Chr. Browne Samuel Castleton Thomas Candish Na. Courthop Io. Chambers Io. Catcher Thomas Crowther Iohn Crowther Peter Carder Thomas Clayborne Tho. Cowles William Clark Iohn de Castro B. Churchman H. Challenge Thomas Carmer William Colston Patrike Copland Discouerie of Chesipeak Richard Cocks Sir T. Dale Iames Dauies Beniamin Day Cassarian Dauid Doctor Dee Iohn Dauies Nicholas Dounton Capt. Dodsworth Thomas Dermer Edward 2. Litterae Tho. Edge Iohn Eliot John Ellis Capt. Elkington Expeditions Iournall Peter Willamson Flores Rob. Fotherby Christopher Fortescue Hum. Fotherbert Richard Finch William Finch Io. Iuan de Fuca Raleigh Gilbert Anthony Goddard William Goodlard Thomas Glouer Walsingham Grisley William Gourdon Greenland Voyages Gronland Treatise Iohn Guy Iames Hall Iohn Hatch William Hoare W. Harborne Roger Hawes Antony Hippon Thomas Hanham Edward Harleigh Sir Richard Hawkins Iosias Hubert Ro. Hayes William Heley William Hawkins Sir Ierome Horsey Io. Iordan Lewis Iacktan Robert Iuet George Iackson Richard Jobson Master Keble Iohn Knights Tho. Knolles Antony Kniuet Ia. Lane Henry Lello Iohn Leman Letters of diuers Easterne Kings Charles Leigh Iosias Logan Michael Locke Sir Iames Lancaster Nathaniel Martin Mexican history William Methold Sir Ed. Michelborne D. Duart de Meneses William Masham Iohn Mildnall G. Muschamp Sir Henry Middleton Dauid Middleton I. Milward Iohn Newbury Ric. Nash William Nicholls Ogoshasama R. Lit. Walter Payton Abacuck Pricket Ionas Pooley Patents diuers Martin Pringe Iohn Playse George Popham G. Pettys Pedrucka R. Ach. Lit. George Percy Newp Voy to Powhatan William Parker E. C. taking Port Ricco 2. Pilgrimage in Rime Lit. Presb. Iohan. As Albert. de Prato William Pursgloue Pachaturunuras Richardus Canonicus Master Rolph Sir Thomas Roe Iohn Rut Nathaniel Salmon Rob. Salmon Ioseph Salbank Iohn Selden Iohn Sanderson A. Spaldwin Captaine Saris William Strachie Thomas Sherwin Sir Ed. Scory Th. Spurway Rob. Swan Rob. Smith Francis Sparrie Edward Terry Thomas Turner William Turner L. Tribaldus Toletus Kellum Throgmorton Alexandro Vrsino Virginia Voy. Diuers Anonim Ind. Voyages Diuers Anonim Declaration of Virginia George Weymouth Ed. Maria Wingfield Iohn Wilson Th. Wilson Ralph Wilson William White Thomas Widhouse Iohn Ward Nic. Withington Mat. Willes And many other Relations and Reports of Gentlemen Merchants Mariners c. RELATIONS OF THE WORLD AND THE RELIGIONS OBSERVED IN ALL AGES AND PLACES DISCOVERED FROM THE CREATION VNTO THIS PRESENT Of the first beginnings of the World and Religion and of the Regions and Religions of BABYLONIA ASSYRIA SYRIA PHOENICIA and PALESTINA THE FIRST BOOKE CHAP. I. Of GOD one in Nature three in Persons the FATHER SONNE and HOLY GHOST THE Poets were wont to lay the Foundations and First Beginnings of their Poeticall Fabrikes with invocation of their gods and Muses although those workes were sutable to such worke-men who according to their names were Makers of those both Poems and gods I as farre short of their learning as beyond them in the scope of my desires would so farre imitate their manner in this matter which I intend that although I enuy not to some their foolish claime of that Poeticall not Propheticall inheritance to make my Maker and my matter as in a Historie not a Poeme must be made to my hands Yet in a Historie of Religion which hath or should haue GOD to be the Alpha and Omega the Efficient from whom the End to whom it proceedeth the Matter of whom the Forme by whom and whose direction it entreateth I could not but make a Religion to begin this discourse of Religion at him this being the way which all men take to come to him First therefore I beseech him that is the First and Last the Eternall Father in the name of his Beloued and Onely Sonne by the light of his Holy and All seeing Spirit to guide mee in this Perambulation of the World so to take view of the Times Places and Customes therein as may testifie my religious bond to him whose I am and whom I serue and the seruice I owe vnto his Church if at least this my Mite may be seruiceable to the least of the least therein that as he is in himselfe the Beginning and Ending so he would be in some measure of this Worke the Author and Finisher that in the beholding this Mappe of so infinitely diuersified Superstitions we may be more thankefull for and more zealous of that true and onely Religion which Christ by his Bloud hath procured by his Word reuealed by his Spirit sealed and will reward eternally in the Heauens And hereto let all
learned labours will giue him good directions He saith it is the same which Brocard in his Description of the Holy Land calleth Valania hee also correcteth the vsuall Translations of Ptolemey and Iosephus learned Casaubon is of his minde and addes other things ridiculous enough out of the Rabbines out of whose muddie Lakes this Riuer floweth to enclose the fabulous Iewes aforesaid If any maruell why in a Discourse of the Sea wee adde this I answere that wee cannot finde the Land whereto it is due and therefore one absurditie must follow another But let vs proceed §. III. Of the Red Sea Sir H. MIDDLETONS taking and of Rhodes and Cyprus THe Red Sea or Arabian Gulfe seemes vnwilling to be the Oceans subiect so many small Ilands doth she continually muster in resistance besides her vndermining the the Sea with her shallow Channell conspiring the destruction of many heedlesse Mariners that here will aduenture as tenants to the Sea in their mouing houses Once by a mightier hand was it helped to preuaile against the Seas force to discouer a dry Land in the middest thereof and with her watery erected wals to guard those new passengers till the same hand reuersed it or rather rewarded the then empty belly thereof with the prey of so many thousand Egyptians Babelmandel Camaran and Mazua are accounted amongst the chiefe of these Isolets Suachen hath most souereigntie being the Seat of the Turkish Bassa for Abassia Arianus in his Periplus of the Red Sea and Agatharchides in a Treatise of like Argument mention not many Ilands therein Orine Alalaeae Catacumene and that of Diodorus in the mouth of the Strait Don Iohn of Castro hath written an exact Treatise from his owne experience of these Seas and Ilands which Master Hakluit hath in a written Copy out of which we shall obserue more in our coasting about Afrike Thomas Iones who was in the Ascension in this Sea speaketh of twelue or thirteene desolate Ilands where they found refreshing with Cokos Fish and Turtle-doues whereof one may with his hands take twenty douzen in a day The Straits are a mile and an halfe ouer but now not chained Mokha is the chiefe Staple of Indian Commodities which passe that way to Cairo and Alexandria This Moha or Mokha is eighteene leagues within the Bab and hath beene often visited by English ships but in the yeere 1610. they dealt treacherously and barbarously with Sir H. Middleton and his Fleete both here and at Aden Aden hath beene of great trading a great Citie now ruinated neither shops of any account within it nor shippes of Merchandize without adorning the same as in times past Neither doe the Turkes deserue better who tooke it by treachery at first hanging vp the King comming to visit them and keeping or rather losing and lessening it still by like treachery Thus dealt they with Captaine Downton his Company in colour of Trade surprising twenty and making them prisoners and yet worse was the Generall dealt with at Moha The Aga after much protestation of loue and vesting him publikely to testifie the Grand Signiors Grace in cloth of Gold giuing leaue to set vp their Pinnasse with many offices and offers of kindnesse on the eight and twentieth of Nouember suddenly assaulted the English killed eight knocked downe the Generall and tooke him with eight and fortie of his company and Master Pemberton also with nine of his Men. They attempted presently to surprise the Darling with three great Boates full of Souldiers where they found the Trumpeter asleepe and slue him with another The decke vpon occasion of romeaging that day for Quick-siluer was couered with victuals none of the companie fearing or prepared for offence or defence Happily one threw forth a barrell of poulder and disturbed them with fire which when their Captaine Emer Bahare cryed to cut the ships cables made them mistake and cut the Boat-ropes so driuing away leauing their Captaine and sixe and twentie more behinde to the slaughter And with a Peece they gaue present warning to the Trades Increase Sir Henries ship so that their villanie succeeded not by Sea their intent being to become Masters of all The next day Sir Henrie Middleton with seuen more all chained by the necks were brought before the Aga who sternely demanded how he durst come into their Port of Moha so neere their holy Citie of Mecca being the Port and Doore thereof adding that the Bassa had order from the Great Turke to captiuate all Christians in those Seas although they had His Owne Passe He pressed the Generall to write to the Ships that they should come on shore out of the water into this fire and not preuayling caused Him to be taken out of his chaine and coller and clapping a great paire of fetters on his legs and manacles on his hands separated from the rest of his companie laid him in a dirtie dog-kennell vnder a paire of staires At night the Consull of the Banians intreated some mitigation so that he was remoued to a better roome but lodged on the bare ground continuing in this miserie They hoped meanewhile for want of water and victuall to obtayne the ships till December 20. Order then came from Ieffar Bassa to bring them to Zenan or Sinan chiefe Citie of Yeoman or Ayaman Then being re-examined as before His Irons were knocked off and with foure and thirtie more English hee was sent thither the Turkes themselues pitying their manacles and some of them doing them fauours Master Pemberton made a strange escape Zenan is ninescore miles from Moha North North-west in 16. 15. There they arriued januarie 5. being their Diuano or Councell day conueyed as in great pompe and triumph one by one The Generall was carried vp into the Castle to a roome twelue steps high where two great Men tooke him by the wrists and led him to the Bassa sitting at the vpper end of a long Gallerie couered on the floore with Turky carpets and when hee came within two yards of Him he was staid the Bassa with frownes demanding his countrey and other questions like those of the Aga. Then was he with foure or fiue more committed to the Keepers house ; the rest to the common prison clapped in Irons where they had with their small allowance starued if the Generall had not releiued them by the meanes of some of the Turkes themselues by promises and other meanes become their friends On Ianuarie 17. arriued nineteene more of those which had beene betrayed at Aden On the 11. of Februarie they were all freed of their Irons whereas they heard their intent had beene to cut off the heads of the chiefe and make slaues of the rest and at last with faire promises returned to Moha in the beginning of March And on the 11. of May the Generall made his escape by this deuice He sent to the ship for prouisions as for longer stay and especially for Wine and aquavite which hee gaue bountifully amongst his
but a Bay and vncertaine what that of Hudson is the most of which is discouered impassible Yet Hopes are not quite extinct we must expect Gods pleasure and future Discoueries for this passage It seemes that most of all those Seas in the North parts beyond New-found-land are intermixed with Ilands a Maze and Labyrinth to the Discouerer In this Voyage and Bay they saw many of those fishes called Sea-Vnicornes such as wee haue mentioned in Sir Martin Frobishers Nauigation some of which fishes are twelue or sixteene foot long the horne seeming to hold the proportion of two thirds in length to their bodies and of these it seemes are those in Venice and other places reserued as great Iewels Greater Iewels are those Merchants and Mariners which to the glory of our Nation spare no cost and feare no danger in these their attempts Resolute gallant glorious attempts which thus seeke to tame Nature where she is most vnbridled in those Northeasterly Northwesterly Northerly Borders where she shewes her selfe al Borderer indeed and to subdue her to that gouernment and subiection which God ouer all blessed for euer hath imposed on all sensible creatures to the nature of Man resembling in one Image and abridgment both God and the World consisting of a spirituall and bodily visible and inuisible subsistence How shall I admire your Heroike courage yee Marine Worthies beyond all names of worthinesse that neyther dread so long eyther presence or absence of the Sunne nor those foggie mysts tempestuous winds cold blasts Snowes and Haile in the Ayre nor the vnequall Seas which might amaze the hearer and amate the beholder where the Tritons and Neptunes selfe would quake with chilling feare to behold such monstrous Icie Ilands renting themselues with terrour of their owne massines and disdayning otherwise both the Seas souereigntie and the Suns hottest violence mustering themselues in those watery Plaines where they hold a continual ciuill warre and rushing one vpon another make windes and waues giue backe seeming to rent the eares of others whiles they rent themselues with crashing and splitting their congealed Armours nor the riggid ragged face of the broken Lands sometimes towring themselues in a lofty height to see if they can find refuge from those snowes and colds that continuall beate them somtimes hiding themselues vnder some hollow Hilles or Cliffes sometimes sinking and shrinking into Valleyes looking pale with snowes and falling in frozen and dead swounds sometimes breaking their necks into the Sea rather imbracing the waters then the Ayres cruelty and otherwhile with horrible Earthquakes in heat of indignation shaking asunder to shake off this cold and heauy yoke Great God to whom all names of greatnesse are little and lesse then nothing let me in silence admire and worship thy greatnesse are little and lesse then nothing let mee in silence admire and worship thy greatnesse that in this little Heart of man not able to serue a Kite for a a breake-fast hast placed such greatnesse of spirit as the World is too little to fill only Thy selfe the Prototype and Samplar of this Modell canst with thine owne selfe becomming all in all vnto vs fill and more then satisfie Thee I beseech to prosper in this and like attempts this Nation of ours that as in greater light then to Others thou hast giuen vs thy Sonne so with him thou wilt giue all things euen this among other blessings that thy Virgin Truth by Virginian Plantation or Northerly Discouery may triumph in her conquests of Indian infidelity maugre the brags of that Adulteresse that vaunteth her selfe to be the only Darling of God and Nature CHAP. IIII. Of Newfoundland Noua Francia Arambec and other Countries of America extending to Virginia §. I. English Discoueries and Plantations in Newfoundland LEauing those vnknowne and frozen Lands and Seas although there is yet knowne no frozen Sea otherwise then as you haue heard let vs draw somwhat neerer the Sunne gently marching as the situation of Regions shall direct vs lest if we should suddenly leape from one extremitie to another wee should rather exchange then auoid danger And here we haue by Land Saguenay and many Countries of Canada which the French haue stiled by a new name of New France and by the Sea the Ilands many in number and much frequented for their plenty of fish commonly called Newfoundland which name some ascribe to an I le others to diuers Ilands and broken Lands which the French call Bacalos vpon the gulfe and entrance of the great Riuer called Saint Lawrence in Canada This Riuer some call the Strait of the three Brethren some Saint Lawrence and others Canada It farre exceedeth any Riuer of the elder World It beginneth sayth Iaques Cartier beyond the Iland of Assumption ouer against the high Mountaynes of Honbuedo and of the seuen Ilands The distance from one side to the other is about fiue and thirtie or forty leagues In the middest it is about two hundred fathome deepe There are great store of Whales and Sea-horses From the entrance vp to Hochelaga is three hundred leagues Many Ilands are before it offering of their good nature to be mediators betweene this haughty streame and the angry Ocean many others all alongst his passage he holdeth in his louing vnlouely lap washing and hugging them with his ruder imbracings The former are vsually frequented and were first discouered by the English the other by the French Of Sebastian Cabot his proceeding this way is spoken already Robert Thorne in a Treatise of his before mentioned affirmeth that his Father and one Master Eliot were the Discouerers of the Newfoundland and exhorted King Henry to vndertake the search of the Indies by the Pole which he held to be nauigable Vpon this motion 1527. the King sent two ships as Hall and Grafton mention in their Chronicles one of which ships was cast away about the North parts of Newfoundland the other shaping her course towards Cape Briton and the Coasts of Arambec or as some call it Norumbega returned home Iohn Rut wrote a Discourse hereof to the Honourable Kings Grace of England that I may borrow his owne words wherein he declareth their coasting and the height of some places as Cape Bas in 52. degrees and 25. leagues thence Cape Ras c. They found there eleuen Sayle of Normans one Briton and two Portugall Barkes fishing Albertus de Prate another of them wrote another Iournall to Cardinall Wolsey More tragicall was the successe of Master Hores company which set our nine yeeres after in this Discouery but by famine were brought to such extremities that many of the company were murthered and eaten by their fellowes And those which returned were so altered that Sir William Buts a Norfolke Knight and his Lady knew not their Sonne Master Thomas Buts one of this starued number but by a secret marke namely a War◠which Nature had sealed on one of his knees The commod ties and qualities of Newfoundland are related by Master Parkhurst Master Hayes Sir Geo.
which are not fully knowne otherwhere it is washed with a dangerous Sea which separateth Chichora Bahama and Lucaia from the same Iohn Ponce aforesaid hearing a rumour of a prodigious Well which as the Poets tell of Medea would make old men become young againe plaid the yongling to goe search it sixe monethes together and in that inquiry discouers this Continent and repayring into Spaine obtayneth this Prouince with the title of Adelantado He returned with a Nauy and band of Souldiers but at his landing was so welcomed by the Floridians that many of his men were slaine and himselfe wounded vnto death Pamphilo de Naruaes had no better successe hee entred Florida 1527. Aluaro Nunnez called Capo di Vacca or Cabeca de Vaca and some of his company after long captiuitie escaped Pamphilo carried with him sixe hundred men about the Riuer of Palmes his ships were wracked and most of the Spaniards drowned A few escaped drowning but twelue fell mad and like Dogges sought to woorrie each other Scarcely tenne returned into Spaine These comming to Mexico reported that they had restored three dead men to life I rather beleeue saith Benzo that they killed foure quicke men Don Ferdinando de Soto enriched with the spoiles of Atibaliba King of Peru in which action he was a Captain and Horseman heere found place to spend that which there hee had gotten For hauing obtained the gouernment of Florida and gathered a band of sixe hundred men for that Expedition in it he spent fiue yeares searching for Minerals till hee lost himselfe Iulian Samado and Ahumada made sute for the like grant but could not obtaine it Fryer Luys de Beluastro and other Dominicks had vndertaken by the way of preaching to haue reduced the Floridians to Christianity and the Spanish obedience and were sent at the Emperours charge but no sooner set foot on shore then hee and two of his companions were taken by the Sauages and cruelly slaine and eaten their shauen scalpes being hanged vp in their Temple for a monument This hapned in the yeere 1549. In the yeere 1524. Francis the first the French King had sent Iohn de Verrazano hither but because hee rather sought to discouer all along the Coast then to search or settle within Land I passe him ouer In the yeere 1562. That Worthy of France Chastillon Champion of Religion and of his Countrey sent Captaine Iohn Ribault to discouer and Plant in these parts which his Voyage and Plantation is written by Rene Laudonniere one employed therein Hee left Capt. Albert there with some of his company who built a Fort called Charles Fort but this Albert was slaine in a mutiny by his Souldiers and they returning home were so pursued by Famine the Pursuiuant of Diuine Iustice that after their Shooes and Leather Ierkins eaten their drinke being Sea-water or their owne Vrine they killed and ate vp one of their owne company Laudonniere was sent thither againe to inhabite Anno 1564. and the next yeere Ribault was sent to supply his place But vncouth Famine had so wasted and consumed the French before his arriuall that the very bones of most of the Souldiers pierced thorow their starued skinnes in many places of their bodies as if they would now trust the emptie hands no longer but would become their owne Purueyers and looke out for themselues And yet better it is to fall into the hands of God then of mercilesse men Famine being but a meere Executioner to Gods Iustice but these executing also a Diuellish malice Such were the Spaniards who were sent thither vnder the conduct of Don Pedro Melendes which massacred all of euery sexe and age which they found in the fort and Ribault being cast by shipwracke on the shore and receiued of Vallemandus the Spaniard with promises of all kindnesse was cruelly murthered with all his company except some few which they reserued for their owne employments The manner of it is at large handled by Laudonniere by Morgues by Challusius which were as brands by diuine hand plucked out of the Spanish combustion The Petition or Supplication put vp by the Orphanes Widowes and distressed kindred of that massacred number to Charles the Ninth mentioneth nine hundred which perished in this bloudy deluge The Spaniards hauing laid the foundations of their habitation in bloud found it too slippery to build any sure habitation thereon For their cruelties both to the French and Floridians were retorted vpon themselues in the yeere 1567. by Monsieur Dominique de Gorgues and his Associates assisted by the Natiue inhabitants and Florida was left destitute of Christian Inhabitants Thus hath Florida beene first courted by the English wooed by the Spanish almost wonne by the French and yet remaines a rich and beautifull Virgin waiting till the Neighbour Virginia bestow on her an English Bridegroome who as making the first loue may lay the iustest challenge vnto her Her riches are such that Cabeza de Vaca who was one of Naruaes wracked companie and Sotos Corriuall in this Floridian sute and had trauelled thorow a great part of the In-land affirmed to Charles the Emperour that Florida was the richest Countrey of the World and that he had therein seene Gold and Siluer and Stones of great value Besides there is great varietie of Trees Fruits Fowles Beasts Beares Leopards Ounces Wolues wilde Dogges Goats Hares Conies Deere Oxen with woolly hydes Camels backs and Horses manes Sir Iohn Hawkins his second Voyage published by Master Hakluyt mentioneth Vnicornes hornes amongst the Floridians which they weare about their necks whereof the French-men obtained many pieces and that they affirme there are many of those beasts with one horne which they put into the water before they drinke Haply this might be a tale of the French to sell such pieces deare to the English or the horne of some other beast or of the Sea-Vnicorne Our Discourse hath most right vnto their Rites For their many Cities the manner of their building the manners of their Inhabitants I would not bee so long Morgues hath let vs see them in the Pictures They wall or impale them with posts fastned in the ground the circle as of a Snaile comming within that point where it began and leauing a way but for two men to enter at either end of that double empaling or entrance stand two Watch-towres one within the other without the Citie where Watch-men alway are set for defence their houses are round their apparell nakednesse except a beasts skin or some ornament of Mosse about their secret parts They paint and raze their skins with great cunning the smart makes them sicke seuen or eight dayes after they rubbe ouer those rased workes with a certaine herbe which coloureth the same so as it cannot be done away They paint their faces and their skins cunningly this Morgues a Painter being Iudge euen to admiration They let the nailes on their toes and fingers
charmes were the cause that made the earth bring forth her fruit and that he might the easier perswade them he retired himselfe once or twice a yeere to a certain house accompanied with two or three of his friends where he vsed inchantments If any man offered to see what he did it cost him his life Euery yeere he offereth a man in the time of Haruest which was kept for that purpose and taken of such Spaniards as had suffered shipwrack on that Coast They which further desire to know the riches and commodities of these Countries may resort to the Authors in this Chapter mentioned Sir Francis Drake in the yeere 1586. besides his worthy exploits in other places tooke the Forts of S. Iohn and Saint Augustine whence he brought Pedro Morales and Nicholas Burgoignon whose relations concerning that Countrey Master Hackluit hath inserted among other his painfull labours Dauid Ingram reported many strange things which he saith he saw in these parts Elephants Horses and beasts twice as big as Horses their hinder parts resembling Greyhounds Buls with eares like Hounds beasts bigger then Beares without head or necke but hauing their eyes and mouthes in their brests and another beast Cerberus he cals him Colluchio which is saith he the Deuill in likenesse of a Dogge and sometimes of a Calfe with many other matters wherein he must pardon me if I be not too prodigall of my Faith He tels also of punishment of adultery by death the woman cutting the adulterers throat and the neerest kinsman hers after many prayers to the Colluchio and a further punishment in that they haue no quicke bodie buried with them to attend them into the other world as all others haue But they that list to beleeue may consult with the Author Anthony Goddard another of Ingrams company left by Sir Iohn Hawkins going another way at Panuco yeelded himselfe to the Spaniards with whom was Miles Philips and Iob Hortop whose discourses of their disaduentures with the Spaniards and Indians Master Hakluit hath published and hath Goddards also written CHAP. VIII Of the Countreys situate Westward from Florida and Virginia towards the South-Sea §. I. Of Cibola Tigues Quiuira and Noua Albion WE haue hitherto discouered those parts of this Northerne America which trend along the North Sea which the English and French Nations haue most made knowne vnto vs further Westward the mid-land countreys are not so well knowne yet following our Spanish guides wee here present them from their relations to your view When as Cortez had conquered Mexico as after followeth to be related he was made Admirall of the South-Seas but the gouernment of Mexico and New Spaine was with the title of Vice-roy giuen to Antonio de Mendoza These two partly in emulation of each others glory partly in hope of enriching themselues sought to discouer vnknowne Lands the one by Sea the later both by Sea Land The Viceroy sent as he himselfe testifieth Francis Vasquez de Coronado and Frier Marco de Nisa with Stephen a Negro by land out of whose relations we haue inserted that which concerneth our purpose Marke the Frier and Stephen set forth with certaine Indians in this Discouerie and Stephen going before came to Ceuola as Marke related where hee was slaine the Frier followed with his Indian guides and passed thorow one place where was small store of Victuall because it had not there rained as the Inhabitants affirmed in three yeares space The Indians call him Hayota that is a man come from Heauen Hee passed on further led by the same of Ceuola which with other sixe Cities were reported to be vnder the gouernment of one Lord and to haue houses of stone consisting of diuers stories where were many Turqueses with many other strange reports of their Markets multitudes and wealth But because the Frier came not there for feare of the Negros entertainment let vs listen to Francis Vasquez who came saw and ouercame An 1540. He went with his Army from Culiacan which is 200. leagues from Mexico and after a long and tedious iourney he at last arriued in this Prouince and conquered almost with the losse of himselfe the first Citie of the seuen which he called Granado Twice he was striken downe with stones from the wall as he offered to scale the same He saith that their houses were of foure or fiue stories or lofts to which they ascended on ladders and that they had Cellers vnder the ground good and paued But those seuen Cities were small Townes all standing in the compasse of foure leagues all called by that generall name of Ceuola or Cibola and none of them particularly so called but hauing other peculiar names they were of like building In this Towne which he conquered stood 200. houses walled about and 300. others not walled The Inhabitants had remoued their wiues and wealth to the Hill Hee reporteth of beasts there Beares Tygres Lions and Sheepe as bigge as horses with great hornes and little tayles Ounces also and Stagges That which the Indians worshipped as farre as they could learne was the Water which said they caused the Corne to grow and maintained their life Hee found there a garment excellently embroidered with needle-worke Vasquez went hence to Tiguez to Cieuic and to Quiuira as Lopez de Gomara reporteth This way is full of crooke-backed Oxen. Quiuira is in 40. degrees and the Countrey is temperate They saw Ships in the Sea which bare Alcatoazes or Pelicans of Gold and Siluer in their Prowes laden with Merchandise which they tooke to be of China or Cathay The men in these parts cloath and shoo themselues with leather they haue no bread of any kind of graine their chiefe food is flesh which they often eate raw either for custome or for lacke of wood They eate the fat as they take it out of the Oxe and drinke the bloud hot which of our buls is counted poison and the flesh they warme for they seethe it not at a fire of Oxe-dung They rather may be said to rauin then to eate it holding the flesh with their teeth cut it with rasors of stone They goe in companies as the Scythian Nomades Tartarian floords and many other Nations following the seasons and best pasturings for their oxen These Oxen are of the bignesse and colour of our Buls but their hornes are not so great They haue a great bunch vpon their shoulders and more haire on their fore-part then on the hinder and it is like wooll They haue as it were a horse-mane on their backe bone and much haire and very long from their knees downwards They haue great tufts of haire on their foreheads and haue a kinde of beard vnder their chins and throats the males haue very long tayles with a great knob or flocke at the end so that in some respect they resemble a Lyon in other the Camels Horses Oxen Sheepe or Goats They push with their hornes and in their rage
are dishonoured Their Husbands suffer them to lye with others in some Feasts of the yeare He that forceth a Virgin is a slaue or payeth her dowrie if a Slaue doe it with his Masters Daughter they are both buried quicke They haue common Brothels A Thiefe hath his haire cut off and is made the Slaue from whom he hath stolne vntill he hath made satisfaction which if he deferre long he is sacrificed They had no punishment for him which should kill a Cacique for they said such a thing could not happen §. III. Of the strange creatures in these parts of NOMBRE DE DIOS and the Spanish mysteries at their first Plantation THe riches of Nicaragua consisteth much in a great Lake three hundred miles long and being within twelue miles of the South Sea doth disembogue it selfe in the North-Sea a great way off In this Lake of Nicaragua are many and great fishes One strange kinde is that which the Inhabitants of Hispaniola call Manati as for the Inhabitants of the place the Spanish iniuries haue chased them thence This Fish somewhat resembleth the Otter it is fiue and twenty foot long twelue thicke the head and tayle like a Cow with small eyes his backe hard and hairy he hath onely two feet at the shoulders and those like an Elephants The females bring forth yong and nourish them with the Vdder like a Cow I haue seene and eaten of them saith Benzo the taste is like Swines flesh they eate Grasse There was a King in Hispaniola which put one of them being presented him by his Fishermen into a Lake of standing-waters where it liued fiue and twenty yeares when any of the seruants came to the Lake and called Matto Matto she would come and receiue meat at their hands and if any would bee ferried ouer the Lake she willingly yeelded her backe and performed this Office faithfully yea she hath carrien ten men at once singing or playing A Spaniard had once wronged her by casting a dart at her and therefore after that when she was called she would plunge downe againe otherwise to the Indians shee remained officious Shee would be as full of play as a Monkey and would wrastle with them especially shee was addicted to one yong man which vsed to her This proceded partly from her docible nature partly because being taken yong she was kept vp a while at home in the Kings house with bread This Fish liueth both on Land and Water The Riuer swelling ouer his Banks into the Lake this Fish followed the streame and was seene no more There was another strange creature in Nicaragua they call it Cascuij like a blacke Hogge with small eyes wide eares clouen feet a short trunke or snowt like an Elephant of so lowd a braying that he would make men deafe Anoth there is with a naturall purse vnder her belly wherein she putteth her yong it hath the bodie of a Fox handed and footed like a Monkey The Bats in these parts are terrible for biting The Inhabitants neere the Riuer Suerus are not differing from the rest but that they eate not mans flesh Next is that necke or narrow extent of Land stretching betweene the North and South-Seas and as it were knitting the two great Peninsul's of the North and South America together Nombre de Dios signifieth the name of God occasioned by the words of Didacus Niquesa who after disastrous aduentures elsewhere came hither and here bade his men goe on shore in the name of God whereupon the Colony and Plantation there was so called It hath a bad situation and small habitation Baptista Antonio the King of Spaines Surueyour counselled to bring Nombre de Dios to Puerto Bello It was remoued from the former seat in the yeare of our Lord 1584. Sir Thomas Baskeruile burnt it and went from thence with his Armie towards Panama in the yeare 1595. Darien was called Antiqua Dartenis because Ancisus vowed to our Lady at Siuill called Maria Antuqua if she would helpe him in those Indian Conquests hee would turne the Caciques house into a Temple there he planted a Colony It would be tedious to tell of the sturres and ciuill vnciuill brawles betwixt the Spaniards in these parts Vasques Valboa imprisoned Ancisus and after recouered his credit by discouerie of the South-Sea For whiles the Spaniards contented about the weight and sharing of their Gold which a Cacique had giuen them this Cacique being present hurled downe the Gold not a little maruelling as he said that they would so much contend for that as if they could eate or drinke it But if they liked it so well hee would carry them where their Golden-thirst should be satisfied He was deceiued in the nature of that dropsie-thirst which as a fire quenched with oyle receiues thence greater strength but hee deceiued not them in his promise bringing them to the South-Sea where Valboa named one Prouince Golden Castile And for that which he spake of their strife as if they could eate or drinke those Metals the cruelties of the Spaniards were such as the Indians when they got any of them would bind their hands and feet and laying them on their backs would powre Gold into their mouthes saying in insultation Eat Gold Christian This Valboa was put to death by Arias his Father-in-law But now we haue mentioned the first Spaniards which planted these parts it shall not be amisse to mention some hardships the Spaniards sustained before they could here settle themselues which may be an answere to those nice and delicate conceits that in our Virginian Expedition cast off all hope because of some disasters How the Spaniards dealt one with another and how the Indians dealt with them you haue heard worse hath not followed from any turbulent emulous spirit of our owne or hostile of the Virginian in this Plantation And as for famine Nicuesa's men were so pinched that not to speake of those which perished one sold an old leane mangie Dogge to his fellowes for many Castellans of Gold these flayed the Dogge and cast his mangie skin with the bones of the head among the bushes The day following one of them finds it full of Maggots and stinking but famine had neither eyes nor scent he brought it home sod and ate it and found many Customers which gaue a Castellan a dish for that mangie Broth. Another found two Toads and sod them which a sicke man bought for two fine shirts curiously wrought with Gold Others found a dead man rotten and stinking which putrified carkasse they roasted and ate And thus from seuen hundred and seuenty men they were brought so low that scarce forty shadowes of men remained to inhabite Dariena Much like to this was their successe at the Riuer of Plate in Florida and other places of the West-Indies What Iohn Oxenam Sir Francis Drake Master Christopher Newport and other our Worthy Country-men haue atchieued in these parts against the Spaniards Master Hakluyt in his
by the finger of God being more ancient giuing confirmation to the Scripture not subiect to wresting and containing all truth whereas poore Scripture for no better defending of the Iesuiticall Iebusiticall Iezabelicall assertions is condemned first of her meane originall as being written but by the Apostles not the finger of God Secondly as a later vpstart and thirdly as receiued vpon the Churches authoritie and fourthly a dead letter written in paper or parchment with Inke subiect to wresting like a sheath which admits any blade whether of leade wood or brasse as well as the true one And lastly not containing all the mysteries of Religion explicitly as being not therefore giuen to prescribe an exact forme of Faith but written by some vpon some occasions to some Churches and therefore in controuersies as of Images Inuocation of Saints and the like where Scripture seemes to speake for heretikes wee must haue recourse to the other kind of Scripture written in the heart of the Church as Interpreter of all Scriptures Iudge of all opinions and whatsoeuer else foule-mouthed blasphemie with faire pretext can arrogate to this or derogate from the other O that men would therefore hate that Whore which these impudent Panders prostitute thus decked with the spoyles of diuine Scriptures which haue another testimonie of themselues and therefore the testimonie of God that All Scripture is giuen by inspiration of God and is profitable for Doctrine for reproofe for correction for Instruction in righteousnesse yea and hereunto sufficient that the man of God whose men whose emissaries are these gaine-sayers may bee perfect throughly perfected vnto all good workes But leaue wee Simeon and Leui brethren in euill together Yet before wee leaue their Talmud though highly esteemed amongst them I thought meet also to speake more largely both of that and of their learned Rabbins out of Petrus Galatinus Sixtus Senensis Paulus Ricius Rambam and others that write thereof The Traditionall Law they call Tora scebealpe that is the Law which is in the mouth or deliuered by word of mouth Rabbi Moses Aegyptius telleth the passages thereof thus Ioshua receiuing it of Moses deliuered it to Phineas the sonne of Eleazar the Priest Phineas to Heli the Priest hee to Samuel the Prophet Samuel to Dauid hee to Achias the Prophet who deliuered the same to Elias the teacher of Elisha Elisha or Elisaeus to Ioiada the Priest this Ioiada to Zacharias Zacharias to Hosea and hee to Amos Amos to Esay of whom Micheas receiued it and of him Ioel Nahum from him and from him againe Habacuck who taught it Sephanie the Instructer of Ieremie of whom Baruch the Scribe learned it Baruch taught it Ezra Vntill this time the Iewes had none other but the written Scripture Now for their Scriptures they call the same Arbaa Veefrim that is the foure and twentie of the number of the bookes after their computation all which they reduce to foure parts The first of which they call Tora the Law or Humas the Pentateuch or fiue bookes and they call euery booke after the first words in the beginning thereof The second part hath foure bookes Ioshua Iudges Samuel and Kings The third part comprehendeth foure other which they call the last Prophets Esay Ieremie Ezekiel and the booke of the twelue smaller Prophets The fourth part is called Chettuuim and hth eleuen bookes Paralipomenon or Chronicles the Psalmes the Prouerbes Iob Ruth Ecclesiastes Lamentations Canticles Ester Daniel Ezra which they make one with Nehemia Ecclesiasticus Iudith and Tobias and the first booke of Maccabees they haue but reckon not among the foure and twentie The third and fourth bookes of Ezra I haue not seene saith Galatinus in Hebrew but some of them say that they are lately found at Constantinople but the second of Maccabees and the Booke of Philo called the Wisedome of Salomon I neuer saw but in Greeke nor those additions to Daniel But after the Babylonian captiuitie Ezra writing out the Law which had beene burned in the destruction of the Citie other Wisemen writ out the Exposition of the Law lest if another destruction should happen the same might perish And from that time all the Wise-men which are called the men of the Great Synagogue in their teaching the Law deliuered the same both in word and writing vntill the Talmud was written It was then saith Picus in seuentie bookes after the number of the seuentie Elders These mens authoritie hath the next place to the Prophets And are in this order mentioned in their Talmud Ezra deliuered the same to Simon the Priest called Iaddus who was honoured of Alexander This Simon deliuered this explaination to Antigonus Antigonus to Iosephus the sonne of Iohn and to Iosephus the sonne of Iehezer They to Nuaeus Arbulensis and Ioshua the sonne of Peratria whose Auditor the Iewes falsly affirme that Iesus our blessed Sauiour was which liued an hundred and ten yeers after Those two deliuered the same to Iuda the son of Tibaeus and Simon the sonne of Sata These to Samaia and Abatalion and they to Hillel and Samaeus Hillel flourished an hundred yeeres before the destruction of the second Temple and had eightie Schollers or Disciples all of excellent wit and learning thirtie of them for their excellence had the Diuinitie descending vpon them as Moses and other thirtie obtained that the Sunne should stand still for them as Ioshua the rest were accounted meane Of these the greatest was Ionothas sonne of Vziel the least Iohn the sonne of Zacheus which yet knew the Scripture and Talmud and all things else to the examples of Foxes and Narrations of Diuels Hillel and Samaeus deliuered this explaination to this Iohn and to Simeon the Iust sonne of the said Hillel who after receiued Christ in his armes and prophesied of him in the Temple Rabbi Moses proceedeth and saith that Simeon taught Gamaliel Pauls Master and Gamaliel instructed his sonne Rabban Simeon who was slaine of Hadrian the Emperour after he had taught his sonne Iudas whom the Iewes for his Learning and Holinesse call Rahbenu Haccados that is our holy Master of which honourable name there had beene another in the time of the Roman Consuls These for the most part besides almost infinite others of their hearers haue left many things written of the explaination of the Law of which the Talmud was compacted Of the vnreasonable absurdities and impious blasphemies of the Talmud howsoeuer abominable in themselues yet let it not be irkesome to the Reader to see some mentioned therein to obserue the depth of diuine vengeance which in this blinded Nation wee may heare and feare For who would thinke it possible that any could entertaine in his heart that which there they haue written of GOD as that before the creation of this world to keepe himselfe from idlenesse hee made and marred many other worlds that he spends three houres euery day in reading the Iewish law that Moses one day ascending to Heauen
them after that by helpe of Fresh-men sent in the Pinace they were got cleere of them certaine it is that all three driuing away vpon the ebbe the English had entered before and killed all they found fell on fire and running on the Sands there offered vp themselues at once to all the Elements the Sayles still standing embracing the Ayre the Keele kissing her Mother Earth till their more churlish brethren the Fire and Water put them out of possession and shared all betwixt them One of the Gallies lost her Nose with a shot and was content after that with their Other to looke on The Gallions rode beyond the Sands The Frigates could not but participate in their fellowes disaduentures many of them saith Leman were sunke and torne in pieces Masham another of the Hopes Company numbreth fiue and twentie thus perishing The Hope lost three men and had fourteene wounded the Hector lost two One shot of stone which the Hope receiued was measured seuen and twentie Inches about but the hurt was by fire in her tops by one of her owne men there slain whiles he sought to fire the Enemy The Portugals losse is vncertaine three hundred and fiftie men were said to be carried to Daman to be buried besides all that the Sea and Fire had shared betwixt them which were thought to make vp fiue hundred some report of eight hundred and yet themselues gaue out not aboue fortie or fiftie whereas the tide cast vp at one place eighteene drowned carkasses After this they tried experiments First by poyson and this was the Iesuites Iesuitisme I cannot call it Christianitie who sent to the Muccadan of Swally to entice him to poyson the Water of the Well whence the English fetched for their vse but the Ethnike had more honestie and put in quicke Tortoises that it might appeare by their death if any venemous hand had beene there But when Virtus virus wanted vires Dolus is added and the Vice-Roy hauing two ships sent him for supply two Iunkes eight or ten Boates these or the most of them were employed with great secrecie and subtiltie to fire our ships by night two full of fiery entrailes on the ninth of February the next night two others chained together and towed with Frigates and after that in the same night foure other chained together one of which being fired with an English shot burnt her selfe and her fellowes they put fire to all the rest which deuoured them all without harme to the English They tooke some of these Fire-workers one of which being examined confessed after M. Prings Relation thus The Admirall called Todos los Santos a ship of eight hundred tuns had sixe hundred men eight and twentie Peeces most brasse The Saint Benito Vice-Admirall of seuen hundred Tuns three hundred and threescore men twentie Peeces Saint Lorenzo a Ship of sixe hundred Tuns three hundred men twentie Peeces The Saint Christopher likewise The Saint Ieronimo of fiue hundred Tuns three hundred men and twentie three Peeces Saint Antonio foure hundred two hundred men and fifteene Peeces Saint Pedro two hundred a hundred and twentie men and eight Peeces Saint Paulo as many A Fly-boat of a hundred and fiftie Tuns fourescore men and foure Peeces The two Gallies had fiue and twentie Oares on a side and in both a hundred Souldiers Threescore Frigates with eighteene and twentie Oares on a side in each fifteene Souldiers So great their forces and blessed be God so little their force The Vice-Royes name was Don Ieronimo de Sanecko sometimes Captaine of Mosambike after that of Zeilan eighteene yeeres and now Vice-Roy by the Kings strait command and others importunitie drawne into this action Euery day was hee braued with the English Ordnance but neuer aduentured any other triall by fight the English riding neere his great Fleet and dispatching all their other affaires of Merchandise and mending the Hope which they sent home with this Newes when they departed from thence they seemed to stay for them in the way yet let them passe without any blowes This won them much glory among the countrey people Mocrob Chan giuing stately entertainment to the Generall in his Tents on shoare which one saith were a quarter of a mile about in the midst his owne of Crimson Sattin richly embroidered with Gold and Pearle and couered with Cloth of Gold he had many Elephants he gaue the Generall his Sword made said hee in his owne house the Hilts of massie Gold this is their custome to deseruing Captaines and He gaue him his Girdle Sword and Dagger and Hangers of as faire show but lesse worth Because I haue mentioned the Iesuites Arts in these parts let this also be added that Master Canning chiefe Merchant and Agent for the Company writ to Surat for some others to assist him being in great feare of poysoning by the Iesuites at the Court and before any could bee sent hee was dead May the nine and twentieth 1613. One English-man dying a little before was buried in their Church-yard whom they tooke vp and buried in the high-way but were compelled by the King to lay him in his former place threatning to turne them out of his countrey and their buried bodies out of that Church-yard But this later warres brought them into further miseries being denied their stipend and therefore forsaken of their new Conuerts who bringing them their Beades did vpbraid them the want of their pay one of the best Arguments though no great miracle wherewith they had perswaded them to their Religion A French Iesuit at Amadabar begged reliefe of the English wanting necessary sustenance Before the King allowed the Superior seuen Rupias a day and the rest three But now this and their faire Church also is denied them and they say their holies in their chamber Iohn Mildnall an English Papist had learned it is reported the Art of poysoning by which he made away three other English-men in Persia to make himselfe Master of the whole stock but I know not by what meanes himselfe tasted of the same cup and was exceedingly swelled but continued his life many moneths with Antidotes which yet here left him at Agra where hee left the value of twentie thousand Dolars after through the Kings Iustice recouered by the English Many other Sea-fights haue since happened in diuers parts of the Indies betwixt Our men and the Portugals as that by Captaine Ben. Ioseph in which he was slaine and Captaine Pepwel succeeded in the place and quarrell with Manuel de Meneses whose Carrack was consumed with fire by themselues as was thought rather then so great Treasures should be made English spoyles also in the Persian Gulfe by Captaine Shilling slaine therein Captaine Blithe and others which chaced the assayling Portugals Ruy Frere de Andrada their Commander called the Pride of Portugall getting a fall and since that Ormus it selfe taken by the Persians diuers other Portugall prizes and that especially of the
promise with the Hollanders when they obiected it My tongue he answered is not of Bone When they are sicke they vow vnto God vpon their recouerie a more honourable death which they performe after their recouerie by the murtherous hand of some other vpon them They are great Inchanters and obserue houres and fitting minutes and moments of time for composing their Blades and Armour of which they are conceited that being tempered with their charmes and superstitions with the least drawing bloud of another they will kill him themselues in their inchaunted Armour safe from others blowes They abide in expectation of these martiall minutes for their coniured Armours sometimes eight or ten yeeres before they can finish them The Iauans say That their Ancestors came from China which Countrey they forsooke because of the tyrannie wherewith they were oppressed and in great multitudes peopled this Iland They weare their haire and their nailes long They are dutifull to their superiors The great men stirre not forth without a great troupe of followers They are seldome idle much busied about their scabberds and weapons which they vse to poyson They are not without their weapons night or day which they will not suffer another man to touch They are so eager of reuenge that they will presse on their aduersaries weapon drawing it thorow their owne body to kill him that hath wounded them They haue Mahumetane Temples where they doe their deuotions with great silence They acknowledge IESVS Mahomet Dauid and Moses foure Prophets They obserue their houres and two Fasts or Lents The great mens wiues neuer goe out of the doores to be seene Their Cities are Ballambua and Panarucan a litle from whence is a burning Hill which first brake forth 1586. and oppressed infinite numbers of men and cast great stones into the citie for three dayes space making one continued night of darknesse Passarua the King whereof married the King of Ballambuas daughter and the second night after hee had lyen with her slue her and her attendants because hee would not turne Mahumetane Ioartam Surrabaia Tuban Matara are also royall Cities as are Daunia Taggal Charabaon and many others But bantam is of most traffick frequenced by Portugals Dutch and English in which euery day are three seuerall markets Here Merchants when they come may buy a woman for their fleshly and worldly businesse you may adde the Deuill too to make vp the number which at their departure they sell againe Publike affaires are treated handled by night at which time the Counsellors of State meet and ascend some tree or the roose of the house viewing the Heauens till the Moone arise and then goe into the Senate-house The women in Iaua act Comedies They punish Adulterie with death the woman chusing her neerest friend or allie to stabbe her The Southerne parts of Iaua are little knowne being full of Lions and wilde Beasts It hath been fatall to many English but much through their owne distemper with Racke a wine made or Rice and their contagious women Iohn Milwards iournall relateth of their voyage against their wills by the South of Iaua and of some Ilands Bayes and other obseruations in those parts Not farre from Bantam liue certaine of the Passarrans which being there oppressed by their King came hither and heere obtayned a piece of ground to build them a Citie which is called Sura They haue a King or Gouernour and liue quietly following Husbandrie they eate nothing that hath life a common Superstition of the Indians weare white Clothes of Paper made of the leaues of Trees and neuer marrie herein resembling the Iewish Essees yet neuer want succeeding generation Many of the Iauans daily consecrating themselues vnto their Societie The Chinois in Iaua doe sometimes bring vp Crocodiles and eate them Bantam is the chiefe Factorie of the English although they haue others The King of Bantam hath the Title but the Pangram exerciseth the Power and hath shut vp the King where none but at his pleasure may come at him The situation of this Citie is low and vnwholsome it is often subiect to fire in diuers of which fires our English haue by Gods blessing well escaped Not farre from hence at the I le Pulo Penione the Trades Increase perished in the Careening most of the Company both of English and others which wrought on Her dying of an infectious sicknesse which a Chinoise offered by sacrifice to the Diuell to cleere Sir Henry Middleton heere dyed of this sicknesse and the Ship too wanting that Head and necessarie Hands to sustaine her bequeathing that goodly Fabricke to the two Elements Fire and Water which not agreeing in the Diuiding whiles each laboured to haue all the Ship was lost in the quarrell A great losse of our greatest Merchants-ship that England euer had but not till after great exploits and not comparable to diuers losses of the Portugals or Hollanders at the Iland Mauricius and other places both there and at their owne doores The King of Tuban is the richest King and mightiest in all Iaua They haue many Horses and make great account of them decking them with gallant furniture of gold siluer and the counterfeits of Dragons and Diuels on their Saddles they ride and manage their Horses with great skill Iambee is another Passaman for vnwholsomnesse Madura is North from Iaua a fertile Iland of Rice the soyle whereof is so moyst and waterish that their Buffals and men goe almost knee-deepe when they sow it Arosbay is the chiefe Citie They are theeuish and giuen to spoyle and captiued many of the Hollanders which went thither on shoare to buy commodities which they were forced to redeeme at a deare rate In these parts are Battes as bigge as Hennes which the people rost and eate The Iland Baly is East from Iaua very populous contayning as is thought sixe hundred thousand Inhabitants they are Ethnikes and worship that which they first meet in the morning Heere and in Pulo Rossa the Women are burned with their dead Husbands one man is said to haue had fiftie of his Wiues for they marrie as many as they please burned with him whiles the Hollanders were there The Iland hath many Bulls Buffals Goates Swine Horse with many kindes of Fowles Fruits and Metals The chiefe men are carried by slaues on Seats borne on their shoulders or else in Chariots drawne with Buffals In the Voyage of Master Thomas Candish is mention made of a Iauan King called Raia Ballomboam very aged which had a hundred Wiues and his Sonne had fiftie Their custome is that when the King dyeth they burne the body and preserue the ashes Fiue dayes after the wiues of the dead King goe to a place appointed and there shee which was deerest in his fauour throweth a ball from her and where that ball resteth thither they goe all and turning their faces Eastward stabbe themselues with a Crise or Dagger to the heart
a Cap of the same the haire inwards a Rats skin about their priuities some of them haue soles tyed about their feet their neckes adorned with Chaines of greasie Trypes or guts also in many doubles which they would sometimes pull off and eate stinking and raw they did also eate the entrayles by vs throwne away halfe raw and would scramble for it like hungry Dogges lothsomely besmeared with the bloud they weare Bracelets of Copper or Iuory about their armes with Ostrich feathers and shels The habit of women is like the former which at our first comming seemed shamefast but at our returne would impudently vncouer that which here must bee couered with silence their brests hang downe to their middles Their haire is curled Copper with them is Gold and Iron Siluer their Houses little Tents in the Fields made of skins at their pleasure remoued On the high Hill called the Table may be seene an hundred miles about some ascended and thence tooke obseruation of many Bayes and Riuers Hee thinkes these parts might be profitably planted with an English Colony One sayth of this people that they are idle not so much as hauing a Canow nor knowing to take eyther fowle or fish whereof they haue store theeuish and swiftly running away with that which they haue stolne By trading with the Dutch and English their prices of things are raysed as you here see to some more Copper or Iron then at the first Discoueries Their Beasts are large their Sheepe smooth and short haired not woolly like a young Calfe with long and broad eares hanged like Hounds their hornes short and tender easily broken their tayles greater then any part of a mans legge some weighing 40. pounds Their Beeues are large and most of them leane The men haue but one stone the other being cut away when they are young the reason seemes to bee some reasonlesse Superstition towards the Sunne which they point vnto being demanded thereof The Hector brought thence one of these Saluages called Cory which was carryed againe and there landed by the Newyeeres gift Iune 21. 1614. in his Copper Armour but returned not to them whiles the Ships continued in the Road but at their returnes in March was twelue-moneth after he came and was ready to any seruice in helping them with Beeues and Sheepe The wilde beasts are dangerous in the night as Lions Antilopes and others some of which in one night carried away twelue pieces of meate laid in the Riuer to water couered with a stone of two hundred weight which was remooued also a very great distance The Pengwins in the Iland neere to Soldania haue stumps in stead of wings and with their feet swimme fast There are Seales a thousand sleeping in an Heard on the Rockes Myce and Rats and Snakes innumerable The weather in the midst of Winter is there temperate Penguin Iland is North Northwest and an halfe West three leagues from Soldania and this fourteene leagues North Northeast from Cape Bona Speranza and ten leagues North by West from Cape Falso which is Eastwards from the former The habitation of the Soldanians seemes moueable and following the best pastures There are fallow Deere Porcupines Land Tortoyses Snakes Adders wild Geese Duckes Pellicans Crowes with a white band about their necks Pengwins Guls Pintados Alcatrasses Cormorants Whales Seales c. HONDIVS his Map of Congo CONGI REGNŪ CHAP. IX Of the Kingdome of Congo and the other Kingdomes and Nations adioyning §. I. Of Angola THe Kingdome of Congo vnderstanding so much by the name as in times past hath beene subiect thereto hath on the West the Ocean on the South the Caphars and mountaynes of the Moone on the East those Hills from which the Riuers issue and runne into the Fountaynes of Nilus and on the North the Kingdome of Benin Of these Countries Pigafetta from the Relation of Odoardo Lopez a Portugall hath written two bookes out of whom P. du Iarric Botero and others haue taken most of their reports And in this we will begin with the most Southerly parts in which wee first come into the Kingdome of Matama this is the Kings proper name who being a Gentile ruleth ouer diuers Prouinces named Quimbebe This is a Kingdome great and mightie extending from Brauagal to Bagamidri the ayre thereof is wholsome the earth outwardly furnished with store of fruits inwardly with mines of Crystall and other metalls The Signiories toward the Sea-coast are very meane and want Hauens Angola sometime a Prouince of the Kingdome of Congo is now a great Kingdome it selfe and very populous They speake the same language with small difference of dialect that is vsed in Congo whose yoake they cast off since the Congois became Christians Diego Can first discouered these parts for the Portugals An. 1486. And the Portugals vsed to trade quietly with the Angolans but some of them trading as high into the Countrey as Cabazza the Royall Citie which is an hundred and fiftie miles from the Ocean were there by order from the King put to the sword vnder pretence of intended treason This was done 1578. Paulo Dias to whom the King Sebastian had giuen the gouernment of these parts with licence to conquer three and thirtie leagues alongst the Coast to him and his heires to reuenge himselfe for this despight done to his people armed such Portugals as hee had and with two Gallies and other Vessels which he kept in the Riuer Coanza hee went on both sides the Riuer conquering and subduing many Lords vnto him The King of Angola raysed a mightie Armie of a million of men as is supposed For they vse to leaue none at home that is fit to carrie a weapon and make no preparation for victuall but such as haue any carrie it vpon the shoulders of their seruants and therefore no maruell if their foode being soone consumed their camps be soone dissolued Small likewise is their prouision of armour for offence and for defence much lesse Diaz sent to the King of Congo for aide who sent him sixtie thousand men with which and his owne Nation he made his partie good against the confused rabbles of the Angolans The trade of Angola is yet continued and from thence the Portugals buy and carry to Brasil and other parts yeerly a world of slaues which are bought within the Land and are captiues taken in their warres Paulo Diaz at his death bequeathed to the Iesuites as much as might maintayne fiue hundred of that Societie in these parts Master Thomas Turuer one that had liued a long time in Brasil and had also beene at Angola reported to me that it was supposed eight and twentie thousand slaues a number almost incredible yet such as the Portugals told him were yeerly shipped from Angola and Congo at the Hauen of Loanda He named to me a rich Portugall in Brasil which had ten thousand of his owne working in his Ingenios of which he had eighteene
and in his other imployments His name was Iohn du Paui exiled from Portugall and thus inriched in Brasil A thousand of his slaues at one time entred into conspiracie with nine thousand other slaues in the Countrey and Barricadoed themselues for their best defence against their Masters who had much adoe to reduce some of them into their former seruitude To returne to Angola we may adde the report of another of our Countrey-men Andrew Battell my neere neighbour dwelling at Leigh in Essex who serued vnder Manuel Siluera Perera Gouernour vnder the King of Spaine at his Citie of Saint Paul and with him went farre into the Countrey of Angola their Armie being eight hundred Portugals and fiftie thousand Naturals This Andrew Battell telleth that they are all Heathens in Angola They had their Idolls of wood in the midst of their townes fashioned like a Negro and at the foot thereof was a great heape of Elephants teeth contayning three or foure tuns of them these were piled in the earth and vpon them were set the sculls of dead men which they had slaine in the warres in monument of their victorie The Idoll they call Mokisso and some of them haue houses built ouer them If any be sicke he accounteth it Mokisso's hand and sendeth to appease his angrie god with powring wine which they haue of the palme-tree at his feet They haue proper names of distinction for their Mokisso's as Kissungo Kalikete c. and vse to sweare by them Kissungowy that is by Kissungo They haue another more solemne oath in triall of Controuersies for which purpose they lay a kinde of Hatchet which they haue in the fire and the Ganga-Mokisso or Mokisso's Priest taketh the same red hot and draweth it neere to the skinne of the accused partie and if there bee two hee causeth their legges to bee set neere together and draweth this hot Iron without touching betweene them if it burnes that partie is condemned as guiltie otherwise hee is freed For the ceremonies about the dead they first wash him then paint him thirdly apparell him in new clothes and then bring him to his graue which is made like a vault after it is digged a little way downe vndermined and made spacious within and there set him on a seate of earth with his beades which they vse in chaines and bracelets for ornament and the most part of his goods with him in his lasting home They kill Goats and shed the blood in the graues and powre wine there in memoriall of the dead They are much giuen to diuination by birds If a bird flie on their left hand or crie in some manner which they interprete ominous and vnluckie they will cease from the enterprises which they haue in hand Their Priests are called Gange and so highly reputed that the people thinke it in their power to send plentie or scarcitie life or death They are skilfull in medicinall herbes and in poysons and by familiaritie with the Deuill foretell things to come In Angola euery man taketh as many wiues as he will There are mines of siluer and of most excellent copper They haue many Kine but loue dogs better then any other flesh and fat them to the shambles Andrew Battell saith that the dogs in those Countries are all of one sort prick eared Curres of a meane bignesse which they vse also to hunt with but they open not for they cannot barke and therefore they hang clappers made of little boords about their necks Hee hath seene a Mastiffe sold for three slaues Lopez affirmeth that a great dogge was exchanged for two and twentie slaues which might happen vpon some extraordinarie occasion The money in Angola is glasse-beades which they vse also as is said for ornament The King of Angola hath seemed willing to become Christian and hath sent to the King of Congo for that purpose but could not obtayne any Priests in that scarcitie to instruct him This Kingdome hath many Lordships subiect thereto as farre on the Sea-coast as Cape Negro Towards a Lake called Aquelunda lyeth a Countrey called Quizama the Inhabitants whereof being gouerned after the manner of a Common-wealth haue shewed themselues friendly to the Portugals and helped them in their warres against Angola The houses in Angola are made in fashion like a Bee-hiue The women at the first sight of the newe Moone turne vp their Bummes in despight as offended with their menstruous courses which they ascribe vnto her The men sometimes in a valorous resolution will deuote themselues vnto some haughtie attempt in the warres and taking leaue of the King will vow neuer to returne till they bring him a horse-head or some other thing very dangerous in the enterprise and will either doe it or die Horse tayles are great jewells and two slaues will bee giuen for one tayle which commonly they bring from the Riuer of Plate where horses are exceedingly increased and growne wilde They will by firing the grasse round about hemme the horses about with a fierie circle the fire still streightning and approching neerer till they haue aduantage enough to kill them Thus haue the Europaean Cattell of horse and kine so increased in that other World as they spare not to kill the one for their hides and the other for their tayles §. II. Of Congo NExt to Angola Northwards is the Kingdome of Congo the westerne Line whereof Lopez extendeth three hundred threescore fifteen miles the Northern fiue hundred and fortie the Eastern fiue hundred and the Southern three hundred and threescore The breadth thereof from the mouth of Zaire crossing ouer the Mountaynes of the Sunne and the Mountaynes of Crystal is six hundred miles And yet is it much streightned of the ancient bounds only the title except which stil holdeth the old stile Don ALVARO King of Congo and of Abundos and of Matama and of Quizama and of Angola and of Cacongo and of the seuen Kingdomes of Congere Amolaza and of the Langelungos and Lord of the Riuer Zaire and of the Anziquos and Anziquana and of Loango The present Kingdome is diuided into sixe Prouinces Bamba Songo Sundi Pango Batta Pemba Bamba is the chiefe for greatnesse and riches then gouerned by Don Sebastian Mani-Bamba the word Mani is a title of honour and signifieth a Prince or Lord when need requireth the Mani-Bamba may haue in campe foure hundred thousand men of warre Therein are mines of siluer and on the Sea-coast a kinde of shells which they vse for money for siluer and gold is not vsed for money amongst them In this Prouince are yeerely bought by the Portugals about fiue thousand Negros There are among them very mightie men that will cleaue a slaue in the middle or cut off a Bulls head at one blow Yea one of them did beare on his arme a vessell of wine contayning the fourth part of a Butt and might weigh three hundred and fiue and twentie pound vntill it was cleane emptied
flat hearth against a wall and there they toaste their meate rather then roast it The decency of their streets in commendable for when you are in the centre of the City your eye reacheth almost to the extreamest parts thereof They haue no want of water The City hath its name from a great standing Lake at the West end of it vpon which there are cōmonly diuers sorts of fresh water-fowles The haggard Falcons doe euery euening flye vpon this Lake and the Negros with slings beate them which is the noblest sport of that kind in the world for the stoopings are many and at one time and the Hawkes the strongest and best mettalled of all other of a greater kind then the Barbary Falcons The Viceroy being one euening to see this naturall sport and he demanding of me what I thought thereof and I iustly commending the strength and mettall of the Hawkes assured me vpon his honour that a Falcon bred in that Iland which hee had formerly sent to the Duke of Lermo did at one flight except she rested vpon ships by the way passe from Andaluzia to Tenariff which is 250. Spanish leagues and was there taken vp halfe dead with the Dukes Varuels on And the time from her going out to her being taken vp exceeded not sixteene houres c. But I dare not dwell any longer with this industrious Gentleman in these Canaries and had need borrow the wings of one of these Hawkes to make a swift flight to some other African Ilands where next you shall find vs within the Mediterranean §. IIII. Of Malta and the Nauigations about Africa WIthin the Straits are no great Ilands belonging to Africa Pennon or the Rock against Velles de Gumera the I le of Gerbi some others Malta is the most famous where in old time was the Temple of Iuno spoyled by Verres supposed to be that Melita where Paul suffered shipwrack although there be another Melita in the Adriatike Sea neere to Dalmatia Polybius calleth it Melytusa as Volaterranus writeth Ptolomie and Cicero name Melita now called Malta in this I le of Malta This Malta is distant from Sicilia 60. miles from Africa 190. It hath bin sometime subiect to the Carthaginians as may appeare by diuers Monuments with Inscriptions of Carthaginian Letters and the Ilanders it our Authour say truely can vnderstand that Scene in Plautus before mentioned Eloi Effetcha Cumi words vsed in Scripture are likewise vsed in the Maltese Their manner of life is Sicilian But we may not dwell here Some ascribe Pauls shipwracke to Melita in the Adriatike neere to Dalmatia whom Beza learnedly confuteth : and prooueth it to bee that Malta which now the Knights hold against the Turke whose valour and successe in resisting that mighty Turkish Aduersary Curio and Io. Antonius Viperanus in their Bookes of that Argument Knolles in his Turkish History Ri. Carre and others relate at large It was An. 1565. That which deceiueth those Men in Malta is the name of the Adriatike Sea which now is giuen to the gulfe of Venice but then as Beza Aretius shew out of Strabo l. 3. was giuen to the Ionian Sea also and further Southwards where Mal a standeth and Ortelius out or Ouid and others proueth the same as doth also that Epitome of all Learning Io. Scaliger That learned Gentleman M. Sandys in the fourth Book of his Iournall hath largely related of this Iland It contayneth after his description sixty miles in circuit a Countrey altogether champaine being no other then a Rock couered ouer with earth but two foot where deepest hauing few trees but such as beare fruit whereof all sorts plentifully so that their wood they haue from Sicilia Yet there is a great Thistle which together with Cow-dung serues the Countrey people for fewell the lesse needfull by the immoderate heate there exceeding far any other seated in the same parallel yet sometimes tempered by the winds to which it lies open Riuers here are none but sundry Fountaynes The soyle produceth no graine but Barley bread made of it and Oliues is the Villagers ordinary dyet and with the straw they sustayne their Cattle Commin-seed Annis-seed and Hony they haue here in abundance and an indifferent quantity of the best Cotton Wooll The Inhabitants dye more by Age then Diseases and heretofore were reputed fortunate for their excellency in Arts curious weauing This Iland was giuen by Charles the Fift to the Knights Hospitalers after their losse of Rhodes whose first seat was the Hospitall of S. Iohn in Ierusalem built by one Gerard at such time as the Holy Land became famous by the successeful expeditions of the Christians whose rites are recorded by many Authors but by vs to be reserued for another taske There are sixty Villages in the Iland vnder the command of ten Captaines and foure Cities Old Malta supposed the worke of the Phoenicians is seated on a Hill in the mids of the Iland kept with a Garrison though of small importance In it is a Grot of great veneration because they suppose that Paul lay there after his shipwracke The other three Cities if they may so bee termed are about eight miles distant and not much without a Musket shot each of other neere the East end and on the North side of the Iland where there is a double Hauen diuided by a tongue of a Rock On the top of this tongue stands the Castle of S. Hermes after 20000. shot and the losse of 10000. liues taken by the Turks But so could they not that of S. Angelo which onely Burgo escaped their fury in that their siege After their departure when the Knights had thought to haue abandoned the Iland by the helps of the Pope Florentine and especially the Spaniard they were furnished with prouisions for new fortifications and added a new strong City called Valetta in honour of him that then was their Great Master Iohn de Valetta The Great Masters Palace is a princely structure the market place spacious the Church of S. Paul magnificent as that also of S. Iohn the houses vniforme of free stone two stories flat roofed S. Iohns Hospitall giues entertaynment to all that fall sick the attendants many the beds ouer-spred with faire Canopies euery fortnight hauing change of linnen serued by the Iunior Knights in siluer and euery Friday by the Great Master accompanied with the great Crosses a seruice whereto they are obliged as their name of Hospitular Knights also importeth It is victualled for three yeeres supplied from Siçilia The Iland hath not of liuing soules aboue 20000. Their expeditions are vsually but for booties The people almost as tawny as Moores the heat makes them sleep at noone These Votaries haue store of Curtizans for the most part Greeks which sit playing in their doores on Instruments by their eyes bewitching vnstable soules their vow rather prohibiting if the practice interpret Mariage then incontinencie
making a noyse downward that they worship the Deuill vnder them There is no flesh or fish which they find dead smel it neuer so filthily but they wil eat it without any other dressing Their Deere haue skins like Asses and feet large like Oxen which were measured 7. or 8. inches in breadth There are no Riuers or running Springs but such as the Sun causeth to come of snow Sometimes they will perboyle their meate a little in kettles made of beasts skins with the bloud water which they drinke lick the bloudy knife with their tongues This licking is the medicine also for their wounds They seeme to haue traffike with other Nations from whom they a small quantity of Iron Their fire they make of heath mosse In their leather Boats they row with one oare faster then we can in our Boats with all our oares §. IIII. Discoueries by IOHN DAVIS GEORGE WEYMOVTH and IAMES HALL to the North-West MAster Iohn Dauis in the yeere 1585. made his first voyage for the North-west discouery and in 64. degrees and 15. minutes they came on shore on an Iland where they had sight of the Sauages which seemed to worship the Sunne For pointing vp to the Sunne with their hands they would strike their breasts hard with their hands which being answered with like action of the English was taken for a confirmed league and they became very familiar They first leaped and danced with a kind of Timbrel which they strucke with a sticke Their apparell was of beasts and birds skins buskins hose gloues c. Some leather they had which was dressed like the Glouers leather The 6. of August they discouered land in 66. deg. 40. min.. They killed white Beares one of whose fore-feet was fourteene inches broad so fat that they were forced to cast it away It seemed they fed on the grasse by their dung which was like to Horse-dung they heard Dogs howle on the shore which were tame They killed one with a Collar about his necke hee had a bone in his pisle these it seemed were vsed to the Sled for they found two Sleds The next yeere he made his second voyage wherein hee found the Sauage people tractable They are great Idolaters and Witches They haue many Images which they weare about them and in their Boats They found a graue wherein were many buried couered with Seales skinnes and a Crosse laid ouer them One of them made a fire of Turfs kindled with the motion of a sticke in a piece of a boord which had a hole halfe thorow into which hee put many things with diuers words and strange gestures our men supposed it to be a sacrifice They would haue had one of the English to stand in the smoke which themselues were bidden to doe and would not by any meanes whereupon one of them was thrust in and the fire put out by our men They are very theeuish They eate raw Fish grasse and Ice and drinke salt-water Heere they saw a whirlewinde take vp the water in great quantitie furiously mounting it vp into the ayre three houres together with little intermission They found in 63. degrees 8. minutes a strange quantitie of Ice in one entire masse so bigge that they knew not the limits thereof very high in forme of land with Bayes and Capes like high-cliffe-land they sent their Pinnasse to discouer it which returned with information that it was onely Ice This was the 17. of Iuly 1586. and they coasted it till the thirtieth of Iuly In the 66. deg. 33. min.. they found it very hot and were much troubled with a stinging Fly called Muskito All the Lands they saw seemed to bee broken and Ilands which they coasted Southwards till they were in foure and fifty and a halfe and there found hope of a passage In the same voyage he had sent the Sun-shine from him in 60. degrees which went to Iseland and on the seuenth of Iuly had sight of the Gronland and were hindered from harbour by the Ice They coasted it till the last of Iuly Their houses neere the Sea-side were made with pieces of wood crossed ouer with poles and couered with earth Our men played at foot-ball with them of the Iland The third voyage was performed the next yeere 1587. wherein Mr Dauis discouered to the 73. degree finding the Sea all open and forty leagues betweene land and land hauing Groenland which hath an Iland neere it to the West for the loathsome view of the shore couered with snow without wood earth or grasse to be seene and the irkesome noise of the Ice called Desolation in 59. on the East and America on the West The Spanish Fleet and the vntimely death of Master Secretarie Walsingham the Epitome and summary of Humane worthinesse hindered the prosecution of these intended Discoueries In the yeere 1602. Captain George Weymouth made a voyage of Discouery to the Northwest with two Fly-boats set forth by the Muscouy Company saw the South part of Gronland and had water in 120. fadome blacke as thick as puddle and in a little space cleere with many such enterchanges The breach of the Ice made a noise as a thunder-clap and ouerturning had sunke both their Vessels if they had not with great diligence preuented it They had store of Fogges some freezing as they fell In 68 deg. 53. min.. they encountred an Inlet forty leagues broad and sailed West and by South in the same 100. leagues Iames Hall An. 1605. sailed to Groenland from Denmarke and had like encounters of Ice yeelding in the breach no lesse noise then if fiue Canons had beene discharged with people also like those which in Frobishers Voyage are mentioned they make sailes of guts sowed together for their fishing Boats and deceiued the Seales with Seales-skin garments Groenland is high Mountainous full of broken Ilands alongst the Coasts Riuers nauigable and good Bayes full of fish Betweene the Mountaines are pleasant Plaines and Vallies such as a man would scarce beleeue He saw store of Fowle no beasts but blacke Foxes and Deere The people seemed a kind of Samoydes wandering in Summer by companies for Hunting and Fishing and remouing from place to place with their Tents and Baggage they are of reasonable stature browne actiue warlike eate raw meat or a little perboyled with bloud Oyle or a little water which they drinke their apparell beasts of fowles skinnes the hairy or feathered side outward in Summer in the Winter inward their arrowes and darts with two feathers and a bone-head they haue no wood but drift they worship the Sunne Anno 1606. He made a second Voyage thither found their Winter houses built with Whales bones couered with Earth and Vaults two yards deepe vnder the Earth square They call Groenland in their language Secanunga Vp within the Land they haue a King carried on mens shoulders The next yeere he sailed thither the third time and in a fourth Voyage 1612. was slaine
it halfe eaten and then foure of them could scarcely carry the other halfe when as the whole body had been very lightly carried in his fellowes mouth As for the thin Diet which these Hollanders endured and other discommodities together with their returne in two open Scutes wherein they sailed aboue a thousand miles after ten moneths continuance in this desolate habitation their dangers in the Ice which somewhat besieged them like whole Tents Townes and Fortifications and other the particulars of this Voyage I referre to the Author himselfe Here I remember thus much for Greene-lands sake on which in this Nauigation they are said to haue touched How euer that be they continued no trade nor Discouerie thither till the English diuers yeeres after had made a new Discouerie and found there a profitable Whale-fishing In the yeere 1607. Hen. Hudson discouered these parts to the Latitude of fourescore there naming a point of Land Hackluyts Head-land which name is still beareth And Ionas Poole in the yeere 1610. was set forth by the Muscouy Company in the Amitie and discouered diuers Sounds and Harbours here with the Sea-Horses he killed and other things found on shore giuing such good Content to the Aduenturers that He was by them employed the next yeere in the Elizabeth with Master Steuen Bennet in the Mary Margaret both which Ships were vnfortunately cast away the Men and part of the goods were brought home by Master Marmaduke then there in a Ship of Hull In the yeere 1612. were set forth three Ships from Holland and one from Biscay all hauing English Pilots besides two sent thither by the Company called the Sea-Horse and the Whole vnder the Masters before mentioned In the yeere 1613 many Ships were thither sent from France Biskay Holland so that the Company addressed thither seuen warlike ships vnder the Command of Master Beniamin Ioseph who without bloudshed disappointed those Strangers ready to reape that which others had sowne and either had not at all discouered or wholly giuen ouer the businesse The next yeere 1614. eleuen good Ships and two Pinasses were employed to Greeneland and three more not then ready appointed to follow vnder the same Generall which Voyage is in my hands communicated to mee by my industrious Friend a skilfull Mariner and Discouerer both in these and other parts William Baffin entertained in this Fleet. But the particulars would be howsoeuer profitable to our Mariner tedious to our ordinarie Reader They then discouered wel-neere to 81. For beyond that degree our Author beleeues not that any hath beene The names of diuers places as Saddle Iland Barren Iland Beare Iland Red Goose Iland all betwixt 80. and 81. and Sir Tho Smiths Inlet Maudlin Sound Faire Hauen Sir Thomas Smiths Bay Ice Sound Bell Sound with other places on or neere the Greater Ile or supposed Continent I forbeare to recite as not intending to instruct the Mariner so much as the Scholler This yeere 1616. were sent thither ten ships which killed aboue a hundred Whales as Master Thomas Sherwin imployed therein related to me Greeneland is now almost altogether discouered to bee an Iland or rather many Ilands and broken grounds In the Greeneland voyage 1611. from Cherry Iland toward Greeneland they met with a banke of Ice fortie leagues long and ranne almost alongst another a hundred and twenty Leagues At their first comming all was couered with Snow at their departure the tops of the Hils and Plaines had receiued a new liuerie of greene Mosse and a little grasse The Aire was mistie like night They found many fat Deere many white Beares with white gray and dunne Foxes There was a bird called an Allen which beats the other birds till they vomit their prey for him to deuoure and then dismisseth them with little meat in their bellies or feathers on their backs They finde Morses Sea-Vnicornes hornes white Partriches Wilde-geese but not a bush or tree I might heere adde diuers Voyages to Cherry Iland where they haue thousands of Morses the Teeth and Oyle whereof yeeld them no small commoditie There also are many Beares I might here recreate your wearied eyes with a hunting spectacle of the greatest chase which Nature yeeldeth I meane the killing of the Whale When they espy him on the top of the water which he is forced to for to take breath they row toward him in a Shallop in which the Harponier stands ready with both his hands to dart his Harping-iron to which is fastened a line of such length that the Whale which suddenly feeling himselfe hurt sinketh to the bottome may carry it down with him being before fitted that the Shallop be not therewith indangered comming vp againe they againe strike him with Launces made for that purpose about twelue foot long the iron eight therof and the blade eighteene inches the Harping-iron principally seruing to fasten him to the Shallop and thus they hold him in such pursuit till after streames of water and next that of blood cast vp into the Aire and Water as angry with both Elements which haue brought thither such weak hands to his destruction he at last yeeldeth his slaine carkasse as meed to the conquerors They tow him to the Ship with two or three Shallops made fast to one another and then floating at the sterne of the Ship they cut the blubber or fat from the flesh in pieces three or foure foot long which after at shore are cut smaller and boiled in coppers which done they take them out put them into wicker baskets which are set in Shallops halfe ful of water into which the Oyle runneth and is thence put into buts This Whale-fishing is yeerely now vsed by our men in Greeneland with great profit The ordinarie length of a Whale is sixty foot and not so huge as Olaus hath written who maketh the Mors also as bigge as an Elephant The proportion of this huge Leuiathan deserues description as one of the greatest Wonders of the Lord in the deepe whereon Himselfe so much insisteth Iob 41.12 that he will not conceale his parts nor his power nor his comely proportion The Whale that here we speake of is the Great Bay-Whale for there are many other kinds the Trompe which hath two Trunkes or breathing holes on his head whereas the Bay-Whale hath but one whose braines are said to be the Sperma Cete the Inbarte which hath a Fin on his backe dangerous to boats exceeding swift and little profitable besides other kinds This is the most simple and vsefull the greater and fatter the more easily taken His head is the third part of him his mouth O hellish wide sixteene foot in the opening and yet out of that belly of Hell yeelding much to the ornaments of our womens backs the Whale-bones or Finnes being no other then the rough and inner part of the mouth closing in the shutting thereof as the fingers of both hands within each other Of these Finnes are fiue hundred from the length
Peckham Stephen Parmenius Richard Clarke Master Christopher Carlile all whose Discourses and experiments hereof Master Hakluyt hath collected and bestowed on the World The North-part is inhabited the South is desart although fitter for habitation Besides the abundance of Cod heere are Herrings Salmons Thornbacke Oysters and Muskles with Pearles Smelts and Squids which two sorts come on shore in great abundance fleeyng from the deuouring Cod out of the frying-pan into the fire It is thought that there are Buffes and certayne that there are Beares and Foxes which before your face will rob you of your fish or flesh Before they come at Newfoundland by fifty leagues they passe the banke so they call certayne high ground as a veine of Mountaynes raysing themselues vnder the water about ten leagues in breath extending to the South infinitely on which is 30. fathome water before and after 200. Sir Hum. Gilbert tooke possession thereof by vertue of her Maiesties Commission Anno 1582. It is within Land a goodly Countrey naturally beautified with Roses sowne with Pease planted with stately trees and otherwise diuersified both for pleasure and profit And now our English Nation doe there plant and fixe a setled habitation a chiefe Actor and Authour of which businesse is Master Iohn Guy of Bristow who in the yeere 1608. sayled from Bristow in three and twenty dayes to Conception Bay in Newfoundland Of this Plantation and their wintrings and continuance there I haue seene diuers Relations with Master Hakluyt written by Master Guy William Colston c. In the yeere 1611. in October and Nouember they had scarsly sixe dayes frost or snow which presently thawed the rest of those moneths being warmer and dryer then in England December was also faire with some Frost Snow and Raine The winde in these three moneths variable from all parts Ianuary and February was most part Frost to mid March the wind most commonly Westerly and sometimes from the North. The Sunne often visited them with warme and comfortable rayes chasing away the Snow and not suffering the Brookes to be frozen ouer three nights with Ice able to beare a Dogge The Snow was neuer except in drifts aboue eighteene inches deepe They had there Filberds Fish Makerels Foxes in the winter Partridges white in the winter in Summer somewhat like ours but greater they are much afraid of Rauens They killed a Wolfe with a Mastiue and a Grey-hound Eastons piracies were some trouble to them Anno 1612. They found houses of Sauages which were nothing but poles set round and meeting in the top ten foot broad the fire in the middest couered with Deeres skins They are of reasonable stature beardlesse and in conditions like to those which Sir Martin Frobisher discouered broad-faced ful-eyed coloured on their faces and apparell with red Oaker Their Boats of Barke as in Canada twenty foot long foure and a halfe broad not weighing 100. weight made in forme of a new Moone which carry foure men and are by them carried to all places of their remoouings Their Patent was granted 1610. for Plantation betweene forty six and fifty two to bee gouerned by a Councell of twelue and a Treasurer There wintered 1612. 54. men six women and two children They killed there Beares Otters Sables sowed Wheat Rie Turneps Coleworts Their Winter till Aprill 1613. was dry and cleere with some frost and snow Diuers had the Scuruy whereto their Turneps there sowne were an excellent remedie no lesse then Cartiers Tree hereafter mentioned April was worse then the midst of Winter by reason of East-winds which came from the Ilands of Ice which the current bringeth at that time from the North. The same I haue seene confirmed by a letter of Thomas Dermer one of that Colony dated at Cupers Coue the ninth of September last 1616. In other moneths he saith the temperature is as in England He mentions Muske-cats and Musk-rats in those parts the fertilitie of the soyle in producing Pease Rie Barly and Oates probabilities of Metals with promises of more ful Relations hereafter Master Richard Whitborne hath lately published a Book of his Voyages to Newfoundland and obseruations there with certaine Letters also touching the new Plantations by English therein at the charges of Sir George Caluard written by Edward Winne N. H. c. §. II. The Voyages and Obseruations of IAQVIES CARTIER in Noua Francia NEere to Newfoundland in 47. degrees is great killing of the Morse or Sea-oxe In the I le of Ramea one small French ship in a small time killed fifteene hundred of them They are as great or greater then Oxen the Hide dressed is twice as thicke as a Buls hide It hath two teeth like Elephants but shorter about a foot long growing downwards out of the vpper iaw and therefore lesse dangerous dearer sold then Iuory and by some reputed an Antidote not inferiour to the Vnicornes horne The young ones are as good meate as Veale which the old will defend holding them in her armes or forefeet And with the bellies of fiue of the said fishes if so wee may call these Amphibia which liue both on land and water they make an Hogshead of traine Oyle Their skins are short-haired like Seales their face is like a Lions and might more fitly haue bin termed Sea-Lions then Sea-horses or Sea-oxen they haue foure feet no eares the hornes are about halfe an ell in length they vse to lye on the Ice a sunning and are soonest killed with a blow on the fore-head Some of our English shâ—ps haue attempted this enterprize for the killing of the Morse but not all with like successe nor with so good as reported of Cherry Iland At Brions Iland is such abundance of Cods that Master Leighs company with foure hookes in little more then an houre caught 250. of them Neere to the same in the Gulfe of S. Lawrence are three termed the Ilands of Birds the soyle is sandy red but by reason of many Birds on them they looke white The birds sit as thicke as stones lie in a paued street or to vse Iaques Cartiers comparison as any field or Medow is of grasse Two of these Ilands are steepe and vpright as any wall that it is not possible to clime them On the other which is in 49. degrees 40. minutes and about a league in circuit they killed and filled two Boats in lesse then halfe an houre Besides them which they did eate fresh euery ship did powder fiue or six barrels of them There are an hundred fold as many houering about as within the Iland Some are as bigge as Iayes blacke and white with beakes like vnto Crowes their wings are no bigger then halfe ones hand and therefore they cannot flye high yet are they as swift neere the water as other Birds they are very fat these they called Aponatz a lesser kind which there aboundeth they named Godetz A
38. and 39. The temperature agreeth with English bodies not by other meanes distempered The Summer is hot as in Spaine the Winter cold as in France and England certaine coole Brizes doe asswage the vehemency of the heate The great Frost in the yeere 1607. reached to Virginia but was recompenced with as milde a Winter with them the next yeere And the Winter Anno 1615. was as cold and frosty one fortnight as that There is but one entrance by Sea into this Country and that at the mouth of a very goodly Bay The Capes on both sides were honoured with the names of our Britanian hopes Prince Henry and Duke Charles The water floweth in this Bay neere two hundred miles and hath a channell for a hundred and forty miles of depth betwixt seuen and fifteene fathome of breadth ten or fourteene miles At the head of the Bay the Land is Mountaynous and so runneth by a Southwest Line from which Mountaynes proceed certaine Brooks which after come to fiue principall Nauigable Riuers The Mountaynes are of diuers composition some like Mil-stones some of Marble many pieces of Chrystall they found throwne downe by the waters which also wash from the Rockes such glistering Tinctures that the ground in some places seemeth gilded The colour of the earth in diuers places resembleth Bole-Armoniac terra sigillata and other such apparances but generally is a blacke sandy molde The Riuer next to the mouth of the Bay is Powhatan the mouth whereof is neere three miles broad it is Nauigable an hundred miles falls rocks shoalds prohibite further Nauigation hence Powhatan their greatest King hath his Title In a Peninsula on the Northside thereof is situate Iames Towne The people inhabiting which haue their Weroances are the Kecoughtans which haue not past twenty fighting men The Paspaheghes haue forty Chichahamania two hundred The Weanocks an hundred The Arrowhatocks thirty The Place called Powhatan forty The Appamatusks threescore The Quiyonghcohanocks fiue and twenty The Warraikoyacks forty The Naudsamunds two hundred The Chesapeacks an hundred The Chickahamanians are not gouerned by a Weroance but by the Priests No place affordeth more Sturgeon in Summer of which at one draught haue beene taken threescore and eight nor in Winter more Fowle Fourteene miles from Powhatan is the Riuer Pamaunke nauigable with greater Vessels not aboue threescore and ten miles Toppahanok is nauigable an hundred and thirty miles Patawomeke an hundred and twenty To speake of Powtuxunt Bolus and other Riuers on the East side of the Bay likewise of diuers places which receiued name by some accident as Fetherstones Bay so called of the death of one of ours there happening and the like or to mention the numbers which euery people can make would exceed our scope and the Readers patience Captaine Smiths Map may somewhat satisfie the desirous and his Booke now printed further This the Captaine saith that hee hath beene in many places of Asia and Europe in some of Africa and America but of all holds Virginia by the naturall endowments the fittest place for an earthly Paradise Alexander Whitaker the Preacher at Henrico writes that at the mouth of Powhatan are the Forts of Henrico and Charles two and forty miles vpward is Iames Towne and threescore and ten miles beyond that the new Towne of Henrico ten miles higher the fals where the Riuer falleth downe betweene many minerall Rockes twelue miles beyond a Chrystall Rocke wherewith the Indians head their Arrowes three dayes iourney from thence is a Rocke or Hill found couered ouer with a rich siluer Ore Our men that went to discouer those parts had but two Iron Pickaxes with them and those so ill tempered that the points turned againe at euery stroke but tryall was made of the Ore with argument of much hope Sixe dayes iourney beyond this Mine runs a ridge of Hils beyond which the Indians report is a great Sea which if it bee true is the South Sea At Henrico they are exceeding healthfull and more then in England Master Thomas Hariot hath largely described the Commodities which the Water and Earth yeeld set forth also in Latine with exquisite Pictures by Theodore de Bry besides the relations of Brereton and Rosier and others There is a Grasse which yeeldeth silke beside store of Silke-wormes Hempe and Flaxe surpassing ours in growth and goodnesse exceeded by a new found stuffe of a certaine sedge or water-flagge which groweth infinitely and with little paines of boyling yeeldeth great quantitie of sundry sorts of Skeines of good strength and length some like silke and some like Flaxe and some a courser sort as Hempe There is also a rich veine of Allum of Terra Sigillata Pitch Tarre Rozen Turpentine Sassafras Cedar Grapes Oyle Iron Copper and the hope of better Mines Pearle sweete Gummes Dyes Timber Trees of sweet wood for profit and pleasure of which kinde haue beene discouered fourteene seuerall kinds Neither is it needfull that heere I relate the Commodites of Virginia for food in Fowles Beasts Fishes Fruites Plants Hearbes Berries Graines especially their Maiz which yeeldeth incredible recompence for a little labour One Acre of ground will yeeld with good husbandry two hundred Bushels of Corne They haue two Roots the one for Medicinall vse to cure their hurts called Weighsacan the other called Tockahough growing like a flagge of the greatnesse and taste of a Potato which passeth a fiery purgation before they may eate it being poyson whiles it is raw Yet in all this abundance our men haue had small store but of want and no fire nor water could purge that poyson which was rooted in Some to the hinderance of the Plantation The chiefe Beasts of Virginia are Beares lesse then those in other places Deere like ours Aronghcun much like a Badger but liuing on trees like a Squirrell Squirrels as big as Rabbets and other flying Squirrels called Assepanicke which spreading out their legs and skins seeme to flye thirty or forty yards at a time The Opassom hath a head like a Swine a tayle like a Rat as bigge as a Cat and hath vnder her belly a bagge wherein she carrieth her yong Their Dogges barke not Their Wolues are not much bigger then our Foxes Their Foxes are like our siluer-haired Conies and smell not like ours Mussascus is otherwise as our Water-Rat but smelleth strongly of Muske Master Whitaker saith they yeeld Muske as the Musk-Cats doe Their Vetchunquoys are wild Cats Their vermine destroyed not our Egges and Pullen nor were their Serpents or Flyes any way pernicious They haue Eagles Hawkes wild Turkeyes and other Fowle and Fish which here to repeate would to some nice fastidious stomacks breed a fulnesse though with some of their Countrimen in Virginia they would haue beene sauoury sometimes and dainty They are a people clothed with loose Mantles made of Deeres skins and aprons of the same round about their middles all else naked of stature like to vs in England They
know not with what authoritie hee auerreth against the former witnesses whereas Theuet sometimes taken in lying deserueth lesse credit in the rest When there is any tempest in the water hee saith hey attribute it to the soules of their Progenitors and cast something into the water to appease it They haue a Tradition That one in habite like to the Christians had long since told their Progenitors of Diuine matters but with so little effect as he forsooke them and euer since had those bloudy Warres continued amongst them How little the Iesuites can preuayle in bringing the Brasilians to Christianitie Maffaeus hath written somewhat and Pierre du Iarric a Iesuite very largely which is not so pertinent to our present purpose Master Kniuet to whose Relations our former Chapter is so much indebted telleth of a Rocke in Brasill called Etooca with an entrance like a doore where the Indians say it is like they borrowed it of some fabulous Frier that Saint Thomas preached It is within like a great Hall hard by it is a stone as bigge as foure Canoes supported by foure stones like stickes little bigger then a mans finger The Indians say it had beene wood and by Miracle was thus altered They shew vpon great Rockes many foot-prints of one bignesse and tell that the Saint called the fishes of the Sea and they heard him preach This smels of a Franciscan Cowle The Portugall Friers Treatise mentioned in the former Chapter deliuereth many things worthy our obseruation They haue some Tradition of the floud in which they say all were drowned one only escaping on a Ianipata with a Sister of his which was with childe from whom they had their beginning They haue no knowledge of the Creator nor of paine and glory after this life and therefore vse no Ceremonies of worship Yet doe they acknowledge that they haue soules which die not but are conuerted into Deuils and goe into certaine fields where grow many Figge-trees alongst the bankes of a goodly Riuer and there dance They are greatly afraid of the Deuill whom they call Curupira Taguain Pigtanga Matichera Auchanga insomuch that often they haue dyed with the imagination of him Yet doe not they worship it nor any other creature or Idoll onely some old men say that in some wayes they haue certaine posts where they offer him some things for feare and because they would not dye Sometimes but seldome the Deuill appeares to them and some few among them are possessed There are Witches which vse Witchcrafts rather for health then deuotion Some Witches are called Carayba or holinesse but like his holinesse of Rome are of bad life these would seeme to do strange things raysing some to life which had fained themselues dead they are their Oracles for their husbandry and other affaires sometimes causing them to dye for hunger whiles they promise to make the Mattockes worke alone §. III. Of other their Rites and a new Mungrell Sect amongst them THey haue no proper name for God but say Tupan is the Thunder and Lightning which gaue them Mattockes and food Their Mariages are diuorced vpon any quarrell In times past they tell no young man married before he slue an Enemie nor the woman before she had her termes which time was therefore festiuall At Marriages also they vsed great Drinkings and the Feast ended they were laid in a cleane Net after which the Father tooke a wedge of stone and did cut vpon a stake or post which they say was to cut the tailes from the grand children who were for this cause borne without them After they were married they began to drinke for till then their Fathers brought them vp in sobrietie of dyet and modesty of speech and then with a vessell the old men gaue him the first Wine holding his head with their hands for feare of vomiting which if it happened was a signe he would not be valiant They eate at all times in the night and day and keepe no meate long being no niggards of their store this name were the greatest disgrace you could offer them and count it an honour to be liberall They are patient of hunger and thirst will eate Snakes Toads Rats and all fruits which are not poyson drinke not ordinarily whiles they eate but after meate will drinke drunke They haue some particular Festiuals in which two or three dayes together they eate not but drinke and goe about singing calling all to the like fellowship sleepe not haue their Musickes and sometimes fall to quarrels They wash not before meate they eate sitting or lying in their beds or on the ground They goe to bed betimes and rise not early In the morning one chiefe man makes an Oration to them lying in his Net which continueth the space of an houre about labouring as their forefathers did with the substance and circumstances thereof When he is vp hee continueth his preaching running through the Towne This custome they borrowed of a bird which singeth euery morning by them called the King and Lord of birds When a man speakes with a woman he turnes his backe to her They shaue their haire with a halfe Moone before which they say they learned of Saint Thomas Being angry they let their haire grow women when they mourne or when their Husbands goe a farre iourney cut their haire They go naked and when any weare apparell it is for fashion rather then honesty as on the head or no further then the nauell Some houses haue fiftie threescore or threescore and tenne Roomes and some are without partition ordinarily in one House they are of a Kindred and one is principall In Child-birth the Father or some other whom they take for their Gossip takes it vp and cuts the Nauell-string with teeth or two stones and fasts till it fals off and then makes drinkings The women presently after trauell wash themselues in their Riuers giue sucke a yeere and halfe without any other thing to eate carrying the child on her backe in a Net to the place of her labour they rocke them on the palmes of their hands They neuer strike their wines except in times of drinking and sometimes will be willing to take this opportunitie Their children play without scurrilitie or quarrels imitating the voyces of Birds and the like They will spare a Captiue that is a good Singer When one dyeth they of that Kindred cast themselues vpon him in the Net sometimes choking him before he be dead and those which cannot cast themselues on the bed fall on the ground with such knockes that it seemeth strange they dye not also for company and sometimes they proue so feeble that they dye likewise If the party dye in the Euening they weepe all night with a high voyce calling their Neighbours and Kindred to societie of their griefe If it be one of the principall all the Towne meets to mourne together and they curse with plagues those which lament not
vnto his Treasury besides the resignation of many Precincts Townes Lands Villages and Royalties at lest as much more worth to dispose of though with great grudge to the discontented Nobles whose Houses were thereby made to serue his turne in all his designes Here hath hee raysed a new treasure without diminishing any part of his old being most prepared for England But neyther his Embassadour Andrew Sauen nor Master Authenie Ienkinson did so thorowly expresse his minde being darkely and cautelously made knowne to them or else Queene Elizabeth would not apprehend the message But this secrecy notwithstanding his eldest Sonne and Fauourites tooke knowledge of it which bred such iealousie in the Emperour that he was faine to dissemble his affection and couer his purpose therein with a new Marriage at home one Feodor Nagois daughter a Subiect of his owne by whom afterwards he had a third Sonne called Demetrius He spends now his time in pacifying his discontented Nobility and people kept two Armies on foot with small charge his Princes and Nobles going most on their owne charge the Gentlemen and Sinobarskeys hauing portions of Money Corne and Land certayne Reuenewes being put a part for that purpose besides Escheats Robberies and Customes payed them whether they goe to warre or no without diminution of his Crowne Reuenew or great standing Treasure The one Army consisted most of Tartars employed against the Pole and Sweden which sought to recouer Liuonia The other Army consisted commonly of 100000. Horse most his owne Subiects some few Poles Swedens Dutch and Scots employed against the Crimme which commonly doth not last aboue three moneths May Iune and Iuly euery yeere His Tartars notwithstanding King Stephins preuayling bring away many Captiues out of Liefland the fruitfullest Land in all the East flowing with Milke and Honey the fairest women and best conditioned people in the World to conuerse and commerce with but giuen much to Luxury Idlenesse and Pleasure for which sinnes they themselues say that God hath thus plagued and rooted them out and planted Strangers in their Countrey It was my fortune by speciall fauour to buy and redeeme diuers men women and children of these Captiues for small summes of money some being Merchants of good quality and got leaue to conuay some to Liefland againe some to England some to Hamborow and Lubeck Amongst them were taken some Dutch French Scots and English which had serued vnder Pontus a French Captain who were placed about the Suburbs of the Musco by my mediation had leaue to build a Church I contributed well thereto and got them a Learned Minister their Assembly were at least two thousand euery Sunday their Rites after the Lutherane fashion Of these eighty fiue were Scots Souldiers left of seuen hundred sent from Stockholme and three English in their company I got them well housed at Boluan neere the Mosco I appeased the Emperours fury against them causing to be told him the difference of these remote Aduenturers ready to serue any Christian Prince for pay and the Natiue Swedens and that they would be of good vse against the Crimme Tartar Some vse was after made of my aduice and 1200. of them did better seruice against the Tartar then 12000. Russes with their short Bowes and Arrowes The Tartars not knowing before the vse of Pistols were strucke dead off their Horses with shot they saw not and cryed away with those new Deuils that come with their thundring puffs of fire whereat the Emperor laughed and wished for more of them and they had Pensions and Lands allowed and married with the Liuonian women increased into Families I was glad hee tooke no notice of the English which might haue yeelded him an opportune quarrell to my selfe and to the Merchants goods in his Countrey worth 100000. Markes A little before hee had sold Master Thomas Glouer a chiefe Agent for the English Company a Wife borne of a Noble House in Poland Basmanaua taken Captiue with her Sister at Pollotzca for 10000. Hungarian Duckets in Gold and yet shortly after on displeasure tooke from him 16000. pounds more in Cloth Silkes and other merchandise and sent him with his Wife empty out of his Land The Emperour expecting some returne and answer of his Letters out of England the Queene addressed one Daniel Syluester there with who arriued at Saint Nicholas past vp to Colmogro and there making Clothes for his passing vp to the Emperour whiles the Taylor was putting on him his new Sute in the English house a Thunderbolt strooke him dead piercing downe his necke and coller in the inside of his new Coat not outwardly seene A flash of Lightning killed also his Boy and Dogge by him burnt his Deske Letters and the House at that instant at which newes the Emperour much perplexed said Gods will bee done But raging and in desperate case his Enemies besetting three parts of his Countrey the Pole and Sweden Eastward and Crimme Southward King Stephen threatning also shortly to visit the Mosco He made preparation but pretending that he could no way he furnished of Powder Salt-peeter Lead and Brimstone the Narue being shut but out of England hee sent for me and told me he had a message of honour weight and secresie to employ me in to the Queenes Maiesty Perceiuing that I had attayned the familiar knowledge of his Language the Polish and Dutch Tongues be questioned me of diuers things liked my answere asked if I had seene his great Vessels at Vologda I told him I had What Traytor hath shewed them you I ventured in company of thousands more I said to behold their beauty c. He said You shall see double the number ere long but much more to bee admired if you knew what inestimable treasure they are inwardly to be beautified with It is reported that your Queene my Sister hath the best Nauy of Ships in the World It is true said I and entred into a large discourse and description of them He gaue me charge to prepare my selfe and to be silent and secret and to attend euery day till he were prepared for my dispatch he commanded his Secretary to take in writing of me a description of the Queenes Nauy Royall to which I added the Picture of a Ship with all her glorious and Martiall accoultrements About this time the Emperour was much busied in searching out a Treason against him plotted by Bomelius and the Archbishop of Nouogrod with some others discouered by their Seruants on the Racke Letters sent in Cyphers three sundry wayes to Swethen and Poland The Bishop confessed all and Bomelius denyed all But being racked his backe and body cut with wyre whips he confessed more then the Examiners were willing the Emperour should know He sent word they should roast him being taken from the Pudkie and bound to a wooden Spit which being done till they thought no life left they brought him in a Sled thorow the Castle
a very great Crocodile shewing himselfe aboue water and swimming downe the streame in our way whereupon the Ferriman entring the Riuer to the calues of his logs he stands vpon one of them muttering to himselfe certaine words and withall tying knots vpon a small Coard he held in his hand to the number of seuen which Coard hee left hanging on a bush thereby and confidently pusht vs and our Horses ouer the Crocodile lying all this while still in our sight not able as he said to open his iawes so hauing ferried vs ouer he made haste to returne and vntie the Coard affirming that if the Crocodile should be starued by the power of this Charme his Charme would from thenceforth lose its power and effect Arrecan borders vpon Bengala and participates in its plenty from whence there commeth yeerely shipping to the Coast of Choromandel The King is by Religion a Gentile but such a one as holdeth all meates and drinkes indifferent he marrieth constantly his owne sister and giueth for reason the first mens practice in the infancy of the World affirming that no Religion can deny that Adams Sons married Adams daughters He is very kind to Strangers giuing good respect and entertainment to Moores Persians and Arabians which liue in his Countrey professing publikely the practice of their Mahumetan Superstition Hee hath also diuers times inuited the Dutch and English to resort vnto his Countrey but the Dutch by good experience hauing had sometimes a Factory there the English not by their example but true knowledge of the little Trade and lesse benefit auoyd his importunity yet continue good correspondence with him and his people as knowing it a plentifull Country and not inconuenient to supply themselues with many necessaries if difference with other Nations should enforce them to that extremity Betwixt this King and the Mogull there is continuall Warre both by Sea and Land defensiue on the King of Arrecans part securing his owne Countrey that bordereth vpon Bengala From thence confronting in small skirmishes the opposite party but any set or great battle I haue not heard of to haue beene fought betwixt them In which warres he giueth so good entertainment to strangers that I haue knowne diuers Hollanders that hauing expired their couenanted time of seruice with the East Indian Company and so purchased then freedome haue gone to serue this King and receiued good countenance and content in his employment of them Pegu borders vpon Arrecan and is a most plentifull and temperate Country yet hardly recouered from the desolation where with warre plague and famine had within few former yeeres infested it which is most visible in the vast Country the Cities being alwayes first and best replenished , and that all other places may the better bee so it is death to export a woman from thence and certaine profit to bring them The King is a Gentile by his Religion agreeing in all points of opinion and pactice with the Kings of Arrecan Tannassery Syam all of them in probability receiuing their Rudiments from the Chineset who without question sometimes commanded those Countries their vicinity resemblance in Phisiognomy and conformity in many customes being my best reasons to goe along with these thus farre that are of opinion the Chineses sometimes Monarchised as farre as Madagascar The King which now reigneth was Nephew to the last notwithstanding he had children which this hath supprest and hath in his time recouered from the King of Syam what hee had enforced from his Predecessor amongst others the town and Kingdom of Zangomay and therein an Englishman named Thomas Samuel who not long before had beene sent from Syam by Master Lucas Anthonison to discouer the Trade of that Country by the sale of certaine goods sent along with him to that purpose which Thomas Samuell together with all other strangers was by the King taken from Zangomay and carried to Pegu where not long after Samuel dyed the King seising vpon what he had by Inuentory with purpose as by the sequell to giue account thereof to the lawfull Proprietors The Kingdome of Pegu beginng to bee better established Merchants of diuers Nations began to repaire thither againe about their negotiations where some of Musulipatnam by conference with Moores that were Samuels associates vnderstood his death and the Kings taking his goods into his hands with the probability of recouery if sought after which they making knowne to the English at their returne to Musulipatnam it happened that Master Lucas Anthonison who imployed Samuel from Syam to Zangomay was then Agent at Musulipatnam who apprehending this encouragement consulted with his assistants and resolued to send two English with a Letter and Present to the King and some small aduenture to beare the charge of the Voyage and make tryall of the Trade which tooke place and they embarquing at Musulipatnam the tenth of September arriued at Siriam the Port of Pegu the third of October following whose entertaynment I giue you in their owne words as I finde them written in their Letters to Musulipatnam The King hearing of our comming sent foure Galliots with Presents to the Ambassador and vnto vs sending vs word that he did much reioyce at our comming into his country These Gallies hauing 50 oares of a side with eight Noblemen in them caused our Ship to come to an anchor before the town of Siriam the 7. of October the King of Pegues Brother being chiefe Gouernour sending two Noblemen abord of our Ship writing our names our age of yeeres the cause of our cōming we assuring them that we were messengers sent from Musulipatnam by our chief Captain hauing a Present a Letter vnto the King which when his Highnesse shall be pleased to receiue shall vnderstand the effect of our businesse and the cause of our comming The tenth day of October wee were sent for on shoare by the Kings Brother who sitting in a large house of Bamboson in great state bedeckt with Iewels in his eares with Gold Rings with rich stones on his fingers being a white man and of very good vnderstanding demanding of vs the question the Noblemen before did and we answering him as wee did before because that our speeches should be found alwayes as one we gaue him at that time a fine for a Present to the intent that he might speake and write to the King his Brother in our behalfe that we might haue accesse vnto the King the sooner that our businesse might haue effect The eight of Nouember the King sent for vs and the Kings Brother prouided for vs a Beate with six men to rowe and also a Nobleman with vs to Pegu to be our Guard hauing Narsarcan and Hodges Ismael with vs vnto which Nobleman we gaue a Present for in this place heere is nothing to bee done or spoken or any busines performed without Bribes Gifts or Presents Arriuing in Pegu the eleuenth of Nouember hauing our Present with vs Bany Bram
King of Delly all Indostan is his patrimony and his countrey diuided by three famous high wayes Porrab Pachan Dekan W. Clarke f Allahoban g Sultan Peruis h M. Clarke which diuers yeeres serued the Mogol in his warres and was one of these Haddies saith 30000. i Others say 2. s. 6. d. others 2. s. 3. d. k 150. millions of crownes l M. Withington which liued a Factor diuers yeeres in the Countrey receiued of the Iesuites which reside there this same story of the Mogols treasures m See Chap. 7. n M. Clarke saith 50000. Selims Religion and Customes o The Kings of India sit daily in Iustice themselues and on the Tuesdayes doe execution Feasts Mogols Sepulcher Couert saith the matter is fine Marble the forme nine square the compasse two English miles about nine stories high and that the King protested he would bestow thereon one hundred millions Iarric Thes. rer Indic l. 5. c. 23. An. 1612. n Nic Bangam They had money of these Ships some 32000. rials of eight wherof the Rehemee payd 15000. M. Downton saith They had goods for goods to a halfe-penny Nic. Withington M T. Best M. Patrick Copland M. Nathaniel Salmon M. Withington Nunno d' Ancuna M. Withington o M. Copland p Ant. Starky Ex Relat. M.S. Gen. Nic. Downton Martin Pring Beniamin Day Iohn Leman William Masham c. Master Downton both buried his sonne and died himselfe in this Voyage which since we haue published with other our Pilgrims continued by M. Elkington and M. Dodsworth his successiue successour q N. Withington r Goga is a rich towne on the other side of the Bay Some say that there was not so much harme done Masham Inuention of Ordnance first vsed by the Venetians against the Genuous An. Dom. 1378. who besieged Fossa-Clodia a town of theirs inuented by a German Alchymist a Monke called Bertholdus Swartus Others say Constantinus Anklitzen Printing was also first inuented by a German the first Printed booke being Tullies Offices at Mentz by one Iohn Fust which some thinke to be the same with Gutemberg who had made triall of this Art before without any perfection This Booke is still at Augsburg printed 1466. Ram. P. Verg. Pancirol Salmuth c. d So doth another namelesse Copy which I haue seene I omit the names of the Captaines e Ben Day Another hath Sanedo Nic. Withington f See M. Terris Booke and Childs Iournal Sir Tho. Roe in my voyages g See Swans Iournall and letters of Blithe Browne c. h Let. of T. Wilson and also of Robert Smith i One Philips in the Richard was principall cause of that victory by his Manhood k Of Dutch and English vnkind quarrells see Relations of M. Cocke Tho. Spurway Captaine Courthop Rob. Haies Captaine Pring Iohn Hatch William Hord letters of Cas Dauid George Iackeson Ia. Lane G. Ball M. Willes Kellum Throgmorton Ric. Nash S. T. Dale Io. Iordan A. Spaldwin G. Muschamp W. Anthon. H. Fitzherbert Th. Knollos B. Church-man G. Pettys c. Rob. Couert Agra a Fatipore a Citie as bigge as London Ios. Salbank Indico b 12000. or 15000. within the Citie Still R. Still or Stell and I. Crowther March 17. T. Cor. his letter to M. L. W. c Vers Hosk d Flauius Iustinianus Alemanicus Gothicus Francicus Germanicus Anticus Alanicus Vandalicus Africanus for that which followes Pius Foelix Inclytus Victor ac Triumphator , semper Augustus I hope his friends in the Verses before his booke haue giuen him more prodigious and himselfe before he comes home must needs multiply further hauing such huge bundles of papers abreeding in so many places at Aleppo Spahan Asmere c. e R. Still Lahore Chatcha 3 Fort. m Still Couerts Trauels are extant in his Booke n Hee saith that he hath put to death his own sonne and done 1000 other tyrannies Iohn Crowther W. Nichols Iohn Mildnall Mic. Withington 88. Courses . 1601. Calwalla a Towne of filthy Women Desart Reisbuti S.R. Sherly M. Withington robbed Sinda Wormes dangerous to ships o Fitch to the South-East and to the East from Agra Nicols S.E. by Land Goes N. E. to China Couert N. and S. quite through Still to Lahor N. E. and to Persia N.N.W. Withington the Westerle parts to Sinda c. p W. Clarke q W. Payton r 20000. horse 50000. foot and a mountainous Countrey hardly inuaded and conquered M. Clarke b M. Withington R. Couert R. Couert M. Payton M. Withington c Narratio Reg. Mogor Lahor is 300 miles from Agra Å¿ R. Fitch T. Coryat a Maginus b Maff. lib. 40 c Ioseph Ind. Linsch l. 1. c. 270 d Pat. Copland e L. Vertom l. 4 f Od. Barbosa g Coel. Rhodig lib. 11. cap. 13. h Maff. lib. 11. i Cic. Offic. k Maff. Histor Ind. lib. 11. l This same man appeared before Solyman the Turkish General at the siege of Diu. Viag di vn Comite Venetiano Nic. di Conti saith hee saw a Bramane three hundred yeers old m Morison part 3. c. 3. saith the same of the Irish Countesse of Desmond mentioned also by S. W. Ral. and that she liued 140. yeeres n Io. Santos l. 4. deuan. hist de India orientali o Dam. Ã Goes op Di. Bell. Camb. p Linschot q Od. Barbos r Gotardus Arthus Hist. Ind. Orient cap 23. Bally cap. 18. k Xaholam that is Lord of the World a Title and not a proper name l Daquem m Ios. Scal. de Emana temp lib. 7. n Ios. Scal. Can. Isag. lib. 7. o Clarke Banians M. Withington Marriages solemnized betwixt infants R. Couert Anominus p N. Downton Ben. Day q L. verb. lib. 4. r Eman. Pinner Balby saith at other times they eate but one meale a day cap. 10. Å¿ An. Dom. 1595. k The Religious in Cambaia Pinner l Em. Pinner Banians m Onesicritus reporteth the like of the Gymnosophists n Arrian Perip Mar. Eryth u Linsch c. 37. Andrea Corsuli x Od. Barbosa y The like lowsie trick is reported in the Legend of S. Francis and in the life of Ignatius of one of the first Iesuitical pillars by Mâ—ffâ—eus z N. di Cont. a Gi. Bot. Ben. Maff. lib. 1. Linschot lib. 1. cap. 34. Iarric l. 3. c. 1. b Gio. Bot. Ben. Garcias ab Horto l. 2. c. 28. Linschot c. c Lins l. 1. c. 27. Iarric Thes. rerum Indic l. 3. No exact order can bee vsed in relating so confused Rites o Of Goa reade Arthus hist Ind. c. 15. Linschot Al. Valignan p Tizzuarin signifies thirtie villages for so many it seemes were then there q Dec. 1. l. 8. c. vlt. Dec. 2. l. 5. c. 1. r Lins l. 1. c. 28.29 30 31 32. Balb c. 23. Balb. c. 22. Å¿ Lact. l. 1. c. 20. Aug. de C. D l. 6. c. 9. Rosianus Antiq. 1. 2. t R. Fitch u Linschot Don Duart de Menezes He summeth the publike ordinary expences of the Port in India at 134 199. li. 5.