difficulties by his establishment of an Astronomy-Lecture in the same University a little before Archbishop Usher consulted him upon all occasions and in return Ep 61. gave him great assistance in the affairs of Ireland â—ee the several Epistles to Mr. Camden as the learned Dr. John Jonston of Aberdeen did in the Antiquities of Scotland Sir Robert Cotton was his Companion both in studies and travels both at home and abroad He and his Library were the two Oracles Mr. Camden generally consulted and his journey to Carlisle in the year 1600. was render'd much more pleasant and profitable by the company of so true a friend and so great a master of Antiquities Dr. Francis Godwin first Bishop of Landaff and then of Hereford afforded him the same satisfaction in his journey into Wales Dr. James the first Keeper of Sir Thomas Bodley's Library in Oxford was very useful to him in his studies as we learn from some Letters that he receiv'd from him I am willing to take this opportunity of publishing them because they all relate to the affairs of Learning and we cannot doubt but if these had come to hand the excellent Editor of his Epistles would have allow'd them a place among the rest My loving and good Mr. James YOUR great pains to satisfie my desire omitting thereby your private business hath been far more than I could wish you should have undergone and much more than I can deserve and therefore requireth greater thanks than in words I can remember but assure your self I will register them up in a most thankful mind As soon as ever the year openeth with God's grace I will take a journey to Cambridge to satisfie my self with Essebiensis and some other specified in your Catalogue albeit that I see in matters before the Norman Conquest in the paucity of Writers they do all trace one another and therefore few especial Notes do occur in them In the mean with a million of hearty thanks to you and my hearty commendations to Mr Causton I rest greatly indebted to you Your loving Friend William Camden Good Mr. Causton and my good Mr. James LET it not seem strange that I should conjoin you two thus jointly in one when as love and good liking with the mother of friendship similitudo studiorum hath so assuredly link'd you together I most heartily thank you both the one for opening the passage and entrance and the other for admitting me into his amity And verily in this behalf I do congratulate inwardly to my self that I have now gotten so good a Friend unto whom I solemnly vow I will most willingly perform all offices of true friendship whatsoever Only I am sorry that I was then absent when I should have enjoy'd his presence the last week at London But more sorry am I that the good opportunity of those good MSS. hath overslipp'd me for the Printer who is impatient of stay is now already forward and my occasions will not permit me to come now to Cambridge I have long since seen Fordon Gervasius Tilburiensis Gualterus Conventrensis and Trivet some Copies are here extant amongst my friends and lately I happen'd upon Talbot's notes in Antonini Itinerarium only I desire you to look into that Exameron Angliae and Notabilia Bristoliae and Worcester if there be any special observations as also in the Historical Epitome of Alexander Essebiensis As for his Poem of the Festival days I long since read it over Thus commending my self to your good love conjointly and you both to the gracious protection of the Almighty I heartily bid you farewell resting Yours most assuredly Will. Camden Decemb. 6. 1599. Right Worshipful MY ancient good Friend Casper Gevartius living now at Paris a man by his works not unknown to you so conversant among Books hath written to me as much is herein enclosed My desire is that you would satisfie him by me if there be in your Library any such MS. of Manilius Astronomicon I have been inform'd that there is one and that a learned Student of your University hath conferr'd it with Scaliger's edition If this be true I most earnestly request you to communicate thus much with him and to understand whether he be purpos'd to set it out himself if not whether he will be content to impart Variantes Lectiones with Gevartius who I presume so much of his candour will not defraud him of the honour due to his Labour and Learning if not I will send you a Copy of Scaliger's Edition and desire you to get some Student to confer it with the MS. and I will satisfie him to his full contentation and shall rest indebted to you for your care herein Your loving Friend assuredly W. Camden Clarenceux Westm 22. Jan. 1614. Anni Juliani Sir Henry Spelman calls himself his Ep. 226. ancient Friend and in his account of the Society of Antiquaries which settl'd in London makes Mr. Camden one of the chief I find it before his original Manuscript of the History of Terms by way of Preface but the Publisher thereof has follow'd an imperfect Copy and nothing of it appears in the printed Books It may be a piece of service to supply that defect and not at all unseasonable in this place since it gives us a further light into Mr. Camden's Acquaintance and shows us what that age took to be the most effectual method for improvement of Ancient Learning ABout 42 years since divers Gentlemen in London Sir Henry Spelman's Preface to his Law-Terms studious of Antiquities fram'd themselves into a College or Society of Antiquaries appointing to meet every Friday weekly in the Term at a place agreed of and for Learning sake to confer upon some questions in that faculty and to supp together The place after a meeting or two became certain at Darby-house where the Herald's Office is kept and two Questions were propounded at every meeting to be handled at the next that follow'd so that every man had a senight's respite to advise upon them and then to deliver his opinion That which seem'd most material was by one of the company chosen for the purpose to be enter'd in a book that so it might remain unto posterity The Society encreas'd daily many persons of great worth as well noble as other Learned joyning themselves unto it Thus it continu'd divers years but as all good uses commonly decline so many of the chief supporters hereof either dying or withdrawing themselves from London into the Country this among the rest grew for 20 years to be discontinu'd But it then came again into the mind of divers principal Gentlemen to revive it and for that purpose upon the day of in the year 1614. there met at the same place Sir James Ley Knight then Attorney of the Court of Wards since Earl of Marlebury and Lord Treasurer of England Sir Robert Cotton Knight and Baronet Sir John Davies his Majesty's Attorney for Ireland Sir Richard St. George Knight then Norrey Mr. Hackwell the Queen's
aforesaid but by suppression of 5 dissolution of 2 and alienation of two more they were reduc'd to this number There were 5 more alienated but 5 others were erected in their stead of which Mr. Camden himself had that of Ilfarcomb for above 30 years aa The other ornaments of this place in short are the Cloyster said by Leland to be the most magnificent in England the Library built by Bishop Jewel with the Chapter-house of a large octagonal figure and sustain'd only by a small marble pillar in the middle as also the College built and endow'd by Bishop Ward for 10 Minister's widows In that part of the Suburbs of Salisbury call'd Harnham stood the College de Vaulx which was built by Giles de Bridport Bishop of this place An. Dom. 1260. for the entertainment of several Scholars who retir'd hither upon account of some disturbances at Oxford Here they study'd University-Learning and having a testimonial from their Chancellour of their progress in Learning frequently went to Oxford and took their Degrees And so they continu'd even till Leland's time who speaking of it has these words That part of these Scholars remain in the College in Saresbyri and have two Chaplains to serve the Church there dedicated to S. Nicholas the residue study at Oxford c. Beyond this is the great Bridge call'd Harnhambridge Harnhambridge which was built by virtue of a privilege that Richard Poor obtain'd of Henry 3. when New-Sarum was incorporated viz. Quod ad emendationem ejusdem civitatis vias pontes ad eam ducentes mutent transferant faciant sicut viderint expedire salvo jure cujuslibet In pursuance of which power Robert Bingham his next successor built this stately Bridge An. 1245. which I the rather take notice of because it made such a considerable alteration in Wilton and this place for by bringing the great Western road this way the first presently decay'd and the latter which by the by ‖ Vid. p. 200. Monast Angl. t. 1. p. 197. Matthew Westminster reckons as a County of it self distinct from Wiltshire dayly improv'd bb The Earldom of this place which was bestow'd upon the Cecils in the reign of James 1. has continu'd in that family ever since and is now possess'd by James of that name Not far from this place is West-Deane West-Dean the seat of Sir John Evelyn Knight of the Surrey-family and now devolv'd to a daughter is in the possession of the Right honorable Evelyn Earl of Kingston cc Going along with the Avon we pass by Langford Langford the stately seat of the honorable Henry Hare Viscount Colerain in Ireland a great admirer of Antiquities then by Clarendon Clarendâ—â— in the Park whereof are the footsteps of two Royal Palaces King-manour and Queen-manour Besides the famous Parliament held here temp Hen. 2. there was another summon'd to meet here by King Edw. 2. Anno 1317. but the differences at that time between the King and the Barons were so high that nothing of any moment was transacted This place was honour'd in the time of Charles 2. by giving the title of Earl to Edward Hide Baron of Hindon Viscount Cornbury and Lord Chancellor of England who dying at Roan in Normandy was succeeded by his eldest son Henry Not far from Clarendon is Farle Farle where Sir Stephen Fox one of their Majesties Commissioners of the Treasury out of a respect to his native place has founded a Hospital for 6 old men and as many old women with a Master who is to teach a Free-school here and to officiate in the Church which he also built from the ground a new in room of an old ruin'd Chappel and made it Parochial Northward of this is Frippsbury Frippsâ—â—â—â— a very great entrenchment of a rude circular form it 's Diameter containing 300 large paces it is single-trench'd but the ditch is deep and the rampire high Only about 80 paces within the outer circumvallation is a deep trench without a rampire It has only two entrances one by east and the other on the west and there is some probability of it's being Saxon. dd About 7 miles north of New-Salisbury is Stone-henge Stone-henge a piece of Antiquity so famous as to have gain'd the admiration of all ages and engag'd the pens of some very considerable Authors 'T is of it self so singular and receives so little light from history that almost every one has advanc'd a new notion To give the several conjectures with some short remarks is as much as the narrow compass of our design will allow But not to hunt after such uncertainties and in the mean time pass over what lays before our eyes we will premise a description of the place as it now stands much more distinct than what Mr. Camden has left us It is situated on a rising ground Stone-henge â—scribâ—e environ'd with a deep trench still appearing and about 30 foot broad From the plain it has had three entrances the most considerable lying north-east at each of which was rais'd on the out-side of the trench two huge stones gate-wise parallel whereunto on the inside were two others of less proportion After one has pass'd this ditch he ascends 35 yards before he comes at the Work it self which consists of 4 Circles of Stones The outward Circle is about 100 foot diameter the stones whereof are very large 4 yards in height 2 in breadth and 1 in thickness Two yards and a half within this great Circle is a range of lesser stones Three yards farther is the principal part of the work call'd by Mr. Jones The Cell of an irregular figure made up of two rows of stones the outer of which consists of great upright stones in height 20 foot in breadth 2 yards and in thickness one yard These are coupl'd at the top by large transome stones like Architraves which are 7 foot long and about three and a half thick Within this was also another range of lesser Pyramidal stones of about 6 foot in height In the inmost part of the Cell Mr. Jones observ'd a stone which is now gone appearing not much above the surface of the earth and lying toward the east 4 foot broad and sixteen foot long which was his suppos'd Altar-stone And so much for the structure and dimensions of the Monument only it may in general be observ'd that the stones are not artificial as Mr. Camden and some others would perswade us but purely natural as Mr. Jones p. 35. has asserted The opinions about it may be reduc'd to these 7 heads 1. That it is a work of the Phoenicians as Mr. Sammes in his Britannia conceits a conjecture that has met with so little approbation that I shall not stay to confute it 2. That it was a Temple of the Druids long before the coming in of the Romans which Mr. John Aubrey Fellow of the Royal Society endeavours to prove in his Manuscript Treatise entitl'd Monumenta
remov'd the Rother which formerly empty'd it self here into the sea out of it's chanel stopping up it's mouth and opening for it a nearer passage into the sea by Rhie then it began by little and little to forsake this town which has decay'd by degrees ever since and has lost much of it's ancient populousness and dignity Below this the land shoots forth a long way eastward we call it Nesse as resembling a nose 93 Before which lieth a dangerous flat in the sea upon which stands Lid Lid. a pretty populous town whither the inhabitants of Prom-hill betook themselves after that inundation And in the very utmost Promontory call'd Denge-nesse Denge-nesse where is nothing but beech and pebles there grow * Ilices Holme-trees with sharp pricky leaves always green representing a low wood for a mile together and more Among those pebles near Stone-end is a heap of larger stones which the neighbouring people call the monument of S. Crispin and S. Crispinian who they say were cast upon this shore by shipwrack and call d from hence into an heavenly Country From hence the shore turning it's course goes directly westward and has a sort of pease which grows in great plenty and naturally amongst the pebles in large bunches like grapes in taste differing very little from field-pease and so runs forward to the mouth of the Rother which for some time divides Kent from Sussex The course of this river as to Sussex-side we have briefly spoken to before On Kent-side it has Newenden which I am almost perswaded was that haven I have long sought after call'd by the Notitia Anderida Anderida by the Britains Caer Andred and by the Saxons Andredsceaster Andredsceaster First because the inhabitants affirm it to have been a town and haven of very great Antiquity 94 Whereof they shew the plott next from its situation by the wood Andredswald to which it gave that name and lastly because the Saxons seem'd to have call'd it Brittenden i.e. a valley of the Britains as they call'd also Segontium of which before from whence Selbrittenden is the name of the whole Hundred adjoyning The Romans to defend this coast against the Saxon Pirats plac'd here a band of the Abulci with their Captain Afterwards it was quite destroy'd by the outrages of the Saxons For Hengist having a design to drive the Britains entirely out of Kent and finding it his interest to strengthen his party by fresh supplies 95 Of his own nation sent for Aella out of Germany with great numbers of the Saxons Then making a vigorous assault upon this Anderida the Britains that lay in ambuscade in the next wood did disturb him to such a degree that when at last after much blood-shed on both sides by dividing his forces he had defeated the Britains in the woods and at the same time broke into the town his barbarous heart was so inflam'd with a desire of revenge that he put the inhabitants to the sword and demolish'd the place For many ages after as Huntingdon tells us there appeared nothing but ruins to those that travell'd that way till under Edward the first the Friers Carmelites just come from Mount Carmel in Palestine and above all desiring solitary places had a little Monastery built them at the charge of †Sir Thomas Albuger Knight upon which a town presently sprung up and with respect to the more ancient one that had been demolish'd began to be call d Newenden i.e. a new town in a valley 96 I saw nothing there now but a mean village with a poor Church and a wooden bridge to no great purpose for a ferry is in most use since that the river Rother not containing himself in his Chanel hath overlaid and is like to endanger and surround the level of rich lands thereby Whereupon the inhabitants of Rhie complain that their haven is not scour'd by the stream of Rother as heretofore and the owners here suffer great loss which their neighbours in Oxeney do fear if it were remedy'd would fall upon them This is a river-Isle ten miles about encompass't with the river Rother dividing his streams and now brackish having his name either of mire which our Ancestors called Hox or of Oxen which it feedeth plentifully with rank grass Opposite to this is c. Lower down the river Rother divides it's waters and surrounds Oxney Oxâ—ey an Island abounding with grass and near its mouth has Apuldore Apuâ—dâ—â—â— where that infectious rout of Danish and Norman pirates after they had been preying upon the French-coasts under Hasting their Commander landed with their large spoils and built a castle but King Alfred by his great courage forced them to accept conditions of peace d d d Near in a woody part are Cranbroke Tenderden Benenden and other neighbouring towns 97 Sisingherst a fair house of the family of Bakers advanced by Sir John Baker not long since Chancellour of the Exchequer and his marriage with a daughter and heir of Dingley Bengebury an habitation of the ancient family of Colepepper and near adjoyning Hemsted a mansion of thâ— Guildfords an old family but most eminent since Sir John Guildford was Controuler of the House to King Edward 4. For his son and heir Sir Richard Guildford was by King Henry 7. made Knight of the Garter Of his sons again Sir Edward Guildford was Marshal of Calais Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports and Master of the Ordnance Father to Jane Dutchess of Northumberland Wife to Sir J. Dudley Duke of Northumberland Mother to the late Earls of Warwick and Leicester and Sir Henry was chosen Knight of the Garter by King Henry 8. and had his Arms enabled with a Canton of Granado by Ferdinand King of Spain for his worthy service in that Kingdom when it was recover'd from the Moors and Edward liv'd in great esteem at home To be brief from the said Sir John are issued by Females immediately the Darels of Cale-hill Gages Brownes of Beechworth Walsinghams Cromers Isaacs and Iseleies families of prime and principal note in these parts But now I digress and therefore crave pardon wherein the * The Cloathing of Kent is very much decay'd cloath-trade has been very much encourag'd ever since the time of Edward 3. who in the tenth year of his reign invited over into England some of the Flemings by promises of large rewards and grants of several immunities The Câ— Manâ—â—◠〈◊〉 Englâ—â— to teach the English the cloath-manufacture which is now one of the pillars of the kingdom 98 Thus much of Kent which to conclude summarily hath this part last spoken of for Drapery the Isle of Tenet and the east parts for the Granary the Weald for the Wood Rumney-marsh for the meadow-plot the north Downs towards the The Thames for the Cony-garthe Tenham and thereabout for an Orchard and Head-corne for the brood and poultrey of fat big and commended Capons Now
it good For this reason Robert Mowbray Earl of Northumberland chose it for his chief hold when he rebell'd against King William Rufin but as is usual matters succeeded not well with this Rebel who being here brought into distress by his besiegers retir'd to the adjoyning Monastery which had the esteem of an holy and inviolable sanctuary Nevâ—rtheless he was thence carry'd off and afterwards in along and noisom durance justly suffer'd for his treason I must now coast it along the shore Behind the Promontory whereon Tunnocellum or Tinmouth is seated near Seton Seton part of the Barony De la-vall in the reign of Henry the third stands Seghill Seghill call'd Segedunum Segedunum the station of the t The Fourth says Dr. Gale's edition of the Notitiae third Cohort of the Lergi on the Wall or Rampier and indeed Segedunum in the British tongue signifies the same thing as Seghill in the English A few miles from hence the shore is out by the river Blithe which having pass'd by Belsey the ancient inheritance of the Middletons and Ogle-Castle belonging to the Barons of Ogle Barons of Ogle does here together with the river Pont empty it self into the sea These Ogles were honour'd with the title of Barons from the very beginning of Edward the fouâ—th's reign having enrich'd themselves by marrying the heirs of Berthram de Bothal Alan Heton and Alexander Kirkby The male issue of these Barons was lately extinct in Cuthbert the seventh Baron who had two daughters Joan marry'd to Edward Talbot a younger son of George Earl of Shrewsbury and Catherine marry'd to Sir Charles Cavendish Knight A little higher the river Wents-beck Wentsbeck falls into the sea It runs by Mitford Barony of Mitford which was fir'd by King John and his Rutars when they miserably wasted this Country u That age call'd those foreign Auxiliaries and Free booters Rutarii Rutarii or Ruptarii who were brought out of the Low-countries and other places to King John's assistance by Falques * Or de Breant de Brent and Walter Buc. Brent being a u Homo efferatus is our Author's expression Our Historians call him Praedo nequissimus and a thousand more hard names because he us'd to make a little free with the Monasteries and their treasures as they lay in his way crack-brain'd fellow was afterwards banish'd the Kingdom but Buc a person of more sobriety having done the King good service had conferr'd on him by his Royal Bounty Lands in Yorkshire and Northamptonshire where his Posterity flourish'd down to John Buck who was attainted under Henry the seventh Great grandson to this John is that person of excellent learning Sir George Buc Knight Master of the Revels who for I love to own my Benefactors has remark'd many things in our Histories and courteously communicated his observations This was formerly the Barony of William Berthram whose line soon fail'd in w This Roger I suppose is the same whereof Mart. Paris in the year 1242. makes such honourable mention In partibus Borealibus Rogerus Bertram cum aliis quibusdam nobilibus ab hâc luce migravit Sir John Bertram was several times Sheriff of Northumberland in the reign of Henry 6. The Christian name of Bertram out of which as our Author notes in his Remains some think the Spaniards have made their Ferdinando is still very common in these northern parts Roger his grandson the three co-heiresses being marry'd to Norman Darcy T. Penbury and William de Elmeley After this Wentsbeck runs through the famous little Town of Morpeth Morpeth for the body of the Town is seated on the northern bank of the river and the Church on the southern Near to which stands also on a shady hill the Castle which together with the Town came from Roger de Merlac or Merley whose Barony it was to the Lords of Greystock and from them to the Barons Dacre of Gillesland I meet with nothing anciently recorded of this place save only that in the year of our Lord 1215. the Towns-men themselves burnt it Hist Malros in pure spight to King John uu From hence Wentsbeck runs by Bothal Castle anciently the Barony of Richard Berthram from whose Posterity it descended upon the Barons of Ogle Upon the bank of this river I have x This in all probability had not been very long fancy'd For in some former Editions of this work Bainbrigg in Yorkshire is supposed to bid as fair as any place for the old name of Glanoventa But Caervorran as has been already noted is as likely as either that or this long fancied whether upon good grounds or pure conjecture I know not was the seat of Glanoventa Glanoventa where the Romans plac'd a Garison of the first Cohort of the Morini for the defence of the Marshes This the very situation of the place seems to argue and the name of the river with its signification may further evidence For 't is ad Lineam Valli upon the range of the Wall or Rampire as the Liber Notitiarum places that Fort. And the river is call'd Wents-beck Now Glanoventa in the British tongue signifies the shore or bank of Went whence also Glanon a Maritime Town in France mention'd by Mela may probably have had its name Not far hence to omit other less considerable Turrets stands on the shore the old Castle of Withrington Withrington or Woderington in the Saxon Language Widringtun which gave name to the eminent and knightly family of the Withringtons who have frequently signaliz'd their valour in the Scotish wars Near this the river Coqued or Coquet Coquet falls into the Sea which rising among the Rocks of Cheviot-hills near its Head has Billesdun from whence are sprung the worshipful family of the Selbies lower to the South Harbottle Harbottle in the Saxon Herbottle i.e. the Armie's station whence the Family of the y From the reign of Henry the fourth down to Richard the third there were several of this name Sheriffs of Northumberland The Saxon Termination of botl which is of the like import with by ham and tun is not only to be observ'd in the name of this Village but in Larbottle Shilbottle and others of less note in this County Harbottles of good note in the last Age. Here was formerly a Castle which was demolish'd by the Scots in the year 1314. Hard by stands Halyston Hâ—lyston or Holy-stone where in the primitive English Church Paulinus is said to have baptized many thousands Upon the very mouth of Coquet the shore is guarded by the fair Castle of Warkworth Warkworth belonging to the Percies wherein is a Chapel admirably cut out of a Rock and fully finished without Beams or Rafters This King Edward the third gave to Henry Percy Parl. Rolls 5 Edw. 3. together with the Manour of Rochbury It was formerly the Barony of Roger Fitz-Richard given him by Henry the second
57 And this Rory his succâ—ssor practising new treason against King James his advancer upon the terrour of a guilty conscience fled the Realm in the year 1607 and died at Rome The Scots The antient inhabitants of this Ulster as likewise of all other parts of the Kingdom went formerly by the name of Scots and from hence they brought that name into the Northern part of Britain For as Giraldus says the six sons of Mured King of Ulster possest themselves of the North of Britain about 400 years after Christ from which time it has been called by the name of Scotia Yet the Annals of that Kingdom shew us that it has had this name much earlier And moreover Fergus the second who re-established the Kingdom of the Scots in Britain came from hence Patrick â—xâ—ife of â— Patrick having foretold That though he seemed mean and contemptible to his brethren at that time it would shortly came to pass thas he should be Prince and Lord over them all To make this the more probable the same writer adds farther That not long after Fergus according to the prediction of this holy man obtained the soveraignty in these parts and that his posterity continued in the throne for many generations From him was descended the most valiant King Edan son of Gabrain who conquer'd Scotland called Albania where his offspring reign to this day 58 Sir John John Curcy in the reign of Henry the second was the first Englishman that attempted the conquest of this County who having taken Down and Armagh made himself master of the whole Province either by force or surrender and was the first that had the title of Earl of Ulster â—'s of â—â—er At last his success and fortune made him so envied that for his own worth and the unworthiness of others he was banish'd and by King John's appointment succeeded by Hugh de Lacy second son of Hugh Lacy Lord of Meth who was made Earl of Ulster by a sword with orders to carry on a war against him Yet he was deprived of this honour by the same King 〈◊〉 â—o upon his insolence and popular practices but received again into favour In confirmation of this I will here give you word for word what I find in the Records of Ireland Hugh de Lacy formerly Earl of Ulster held all Ulster exempt and separate from any other County whatsoever in capite of the Kings of England by the service of three Knights when ever the Royal service was ordered by proclamation And he migâ—â— try in his own Court all pleas whatsoever belonging to the Sheriff and the Chief Justice and held a Court of Chancery c. After this all Ulster was forfeited to our Lord King John from the said Hugh who had it afterwards granted him for term of life by King Henry the third After Hugh's decease Walter de Burgo did these services to our Lord Edward King Henry's son Lord of Ireland before he was King This same Lord Edward infeoff'd the aforesaid Walter with the lands of Ulster to have and to hold to him and his heirs by the service aforesaid as well and freely as the said Hugh de Lacy did excepting the advowsons of the Cathedral Churches and the demesns of the same as also the Pleas of the Crown Rapes Forstalls Arsonyes and Treasure-trouves which our soveraign Lord King Edward retaineth to himself and his heirs This Walter de Burgo who was Lord of Conaught and Earl of Ulster had by the only daughter of Hugh de Lacy Richard Earl of Ulster who put an end to an uneasie life in the year 1326. This Richard had a son John de Burgo who died in his life time after he had had a son William by his wife Elizabeth the sister and co-heir of Gilbert Clare Earl of Gloucester who succeeded his Grandfather William was murder'd by his own men in his youth leaving a little daughter Elizabeth See Raâ—norshire and Yorkshire north-riding afterwards married to Leonel Duke of Clarence by whom she had likewise an only daughter married to Edmund Mortimer Earl of March and by her the Earldom of Ulster and Seigniory of Conaught came to the Mortimers from whom together with the Kingdom of England it fell to the house of York and then by King Edward the fourth was annexed to the Crown or the King 's demesn lands as they express it A civil war breaking out at that time and the Nation falling into faction and parties so that these English then in Ulster were induced to return into England to support their several sides and parties these Countreys were seiz'd upon by O-Neal and others of the Irish so that the Province grew as wild and barbarous as could be and whereas it formerly yielded a considerable revenue to the Earl in money it has hardly since that time paid any to the Kings of England And if I may be allowed to make remarks of this nature the piety and wisdom of the Kings of England has been more defective in no one thing than in the due administration of this Province and all Ireland either in respect of propagating Religion modelling the State or civilizing the Inhabitants Whether this neglect is to be imputed to a careless oversight or a design of parsimony and unseasonable providence I am not able to determine But one would think an Island so great and so near us where there 's so much good soil and rich pasture so many woods so much good mettal for digging up so many fine rivers and commodious harbours on all sides convenient for navigation into the richest parts of the world upon which account great imposts might be probably expected and lastly an Island so very fruitful of inhabitants and the people both in respect of minds and bodies capable of all the employments of peace or war should of right challenge and deserve our care for the future 59 If they were wrought and conform'd to orderly civility I Did but just now intimate That I would give some account of these O-Neals who pretend to be Lords of Ulster and therefore I promised to an excellent friend of mine the history of the Rebellions they rais'd this last age Though that Gentleman is now happy in a better world yet I had so much esteem for him that I cannot now but perform my promise to his very memory Thus much I thought necessary to premise As for the following History the materials are not drawn from uncertain reports or other weak authorities but from those very authâ—ntick papers that came from the Generals themselves or such as were eye-witnesses and had a share in the transactions and that so sincerely that I cannot but flatter my self with hopes of favour from the Reader if he desires a true information or would understand the late affairs in Ireland which are so much a secret to most of us and also of escaping all manner of reprehension except from such as are conscious and gall'd
S. Valentine Item The Sunday following Roger Lord Mortimer came to Dublin and knighted John Mortimer and four of his Followers The same day he kept a great feast in the castle of Dublin Item Many Irish were slain in Conaght about this time by reason of a Quarrel between two of their great Lords The number of the slain amounted to about 4000 men on both sides After this a severe Vengeance fell upon the Ulster-men who had done great mischief during the depredations of the Scots here and eat Flesh in Lent without any manner of necessity for which sins they were at last reduc'd to such want that they eat one another so that of 10000 there remain'd but about 300 By which this does plainly appear to be God's vengeance upon them Item It was reported That some of the said Profligates were so pinch'd with Famine that they dug up Graves in Church-yards and after they had boil'd the Flesh in the Skull of the dead Body eat it up nay that some Women eat up their own Children to satisfie their craving Appetites MCCCXVIII On the 15. of Easter there came News from England That the Town of Berwick was betray'd and taken by the Scots Afterwards this same year Walter Islep the King's Treasurer in Ireland arriv'd here and brought Letters to Roger Lord Mortimer to attend the King Accordingly he did so substituting the Lord William Archbishop of Cashil Keeper of Ireland so that at one and the same time he was Chief Justice of Ireland Lord Chancellor and Archbishop Three weeks after Easter news came to Dublin That Richard Lord Clare and four Knights viz. Sir Henry Capell Sir Thomas Naas Sir James Caunton and Sir John Caunton as also Adam Apilgard with 80 Men more were all slain by O Brone and Mac-Carthy on the feast of S. Gordian and Epimachus The Lord Clare's Body was reported to be hewn in pieces out of pure malice But his Relicks were interr'd among the Friers-minors in Limerick Item On Sunday in Easter-month John Lacy was remov'd from Dublin-castle to Trym for his Trial His sentence was to be pinch'd in Diet and so he died in Prison Item On the Sunday before the Ascension Roger Lord Mortimer set sail for England but paid nothing for his Provisions having taken up in the City of Dublin and elsewhere as much as amounted to 1000 l. Item This year about the feast of S. John Baptist that Wheat which before was sold for 16 s. by the great mercy of God went now for 7. Oats sold for 5 s. and there was also great plenty of Wine Salt and Fish Nay about the feast of S. James there was Bread of new Corn a thing seldom or perhaps never before known in Ireland This was an instance of God's mercy and was owing to the prayers of the Poor and other faithful People Item On the Sunday after the feast of S. Michael news came to Dublin That Alexander Lord Bykenore Chief Justice of Ireland and Archbishop of Dublin was arriv'd at Yoghill On S. Denis's day he came to Dublin and was receiv'd by the Religious and Clergy as well as the Laity who went out in Processions to meet him Item On Saturday which happen'd to be the feast of Pope Calixtus a Battle was fought between the Scots and English of Ireland two leagues from Dundalk on the Scotch-side there were Edward Lord Brus who nam'd himself King of Ireland Philip Lord Moubray Walter Lord Sules Alan Lord Stewart with his three Brethren as also Sir Walter Lacy and Sir Robert and Aumar Lacy John Kermerdyne and Walter White with about 3000 others Against whom on the English-side there were the Lord John Bermingham Sir Richard Tuit Sir Miles Verdon Sir Hugh Tripton Sir Herbert Sutton Sir John Cusak Sir Edward and Sir William Bermingham and the Primate of Armagh who gave them Absolution besides Sir Walter Larpulk and John Maupas with about twenty more choice Soldiers and well arm'd who came from Drogheda The English gave the onset and broke into the Van of the Enemy with great vigour And in this Encounter the said John Maupas kill'd Edward Lord Brus valiantly and was afterwards found slain upon the Body of his Enemy The slain on the Scots side amounted to 2000 or thereabouts so thaâ— few of them escap'd besides Philip Lord Moubray who was also mortally wounded and Sir Hugh Lacy Sir Walter Lacy and some few more with them who with much ado got off Thiâ— Engagement was fought between Dundalk and Faghird Brus'â— Head was brought by the said John Lord Bermingham to thâ— K. of England who conferred the Earldom of Louth upon him and his Heirs male and gave him the Barony of Aterith One of hiâ— Quarters together with the Hands and Heart were carried tâ— Dublin and the other Quarters sent to other places MCCCXIX Roger Lord Mortimer return'd out of England and became Chief Justice of Ireland The same year on the feaâ—â— of All Saints came the Pope's Bull for excommunicating Roberâ— Brus King of Scotland The Town of Athisell and 〈◊〉 considerable part of the Country was burnt and wasted by John Lord Fitz-Thomas whole Brother to Moris Lord Fitz-Thomas John Bermingham aforesaid was this year created Earl of Louth Item The Stone-bridge of Kit-colyn was built by Master Moriâ— Jak Canon of the Cathedral Church of Kildare MCCCXX In the time of John XXII Pope and of Edward son to King Edward who was the 25 King from the coming oâ— S. Austin into England Alexander Bicknore being then Archbishop of Dublin was founded the University of Dublin Williaâ— Hardite a Frier-predicant was the first that took the degree oâ— Master Who also commenced Doctor of Divinity under thâ— same Archbishop Henry Cogry of the order of Friers minors was the second Master the third was William Rodyarâ— Dean of S. Patrick's Cathedral in Dublin who afteâ— commenc'd Doctor of the Canon law and was made the firâ—â— Chancellor of this University The fourth Person that went ouâ— Master in Divinity was Frier Edmund Kermerdyn Item Rogeâ— Mortimer the Chief Justice of Ireland went into England leavinâ— the Lord Thomas Fitz-John then Earl of Kildare his Deputy Item Edmund Lord Botiller went into England and so camâ— to S. James's Item Leghelyn-bridge was then built by Master Moris Jaâ— Canon of the Cathedral Church of Kildare MCCCXXI The O Conghors were sadly defeated at Balibogan on the Ninth of May by the People of Leinster and Meth Item Edmund Lord Botiller died in London and was burieâ— at Balygaveran in Ireland John Bermingham Earl of Lowth waâ— made Justiciary of Ireland John Wogan died also this year MCCCXXII Andrew Bermingham and Nicholas de la Lonâ— Knight were slain with many others by O Nalan on S. Michael's day MCCCXXIII A Truce was made between the King of Englanâ— and Robert Brus King of Scots for fourteen years Item Johâ— Darcy came Lord Chief Justice into Ireland Item Johâ— eldest son of Thomas Fitz-John Earl of Kildare died in the 9tâ—
were struck out or what is new were mix'd confusedly with his Text. No that were a liberty which but few would allow and none ought to take There are not many men who can lay claim to the same authority with Mr. Camden and therefore 't is but reason the World should know when He tells the story that they may proportion their assent to the credit of their Author The want of making this distinction in the former translation of this Book has been of very ill consequence and particularly to two or three learned and curious persons who have urg'd the authority of Mr. Camden with a great deal of assurance when all the while they repeated nothing but an interpolation of Dr. Holland's To prevent this for the future our first care was to have an exact translation of Mr. Camden's text so that when one had occasion to make use of his name he might be sure he did not quote another man's words But tho' by this means the text was clear'd of Dr. Holland's Additions yet were they not to be altogether neglected because some of them are not amiss and an opinion has got abroad in the world that he consulted Mr. Camden where any thing appear'd obscure or capable of a double meaning If he had been quire laid aside these thoughts would have continually stuck by the Reader who would have been fancying at every turn that Dr. Holland might possibly have observ'd something that would solve his doubt and give him a clearer light At this rate instead of superseding that Edition we should have made it a real rarity and given it a greater value than it had at the first publication To do justice to both a middle way was thought of To put his Additions at the bottom in a smaller character and to direct by a figure to the respective places where he had inserted them After Dr. Holland had been thus treated we could not in common modesty go to insert any thing of our own or be guilty of a crime our selves for which we had arraign'd another And yet considering that many things we had to say farther had a near relation to what Mr. Camden had already observ'd we could not leave the Reader in so much confusion as oblige him to take things where he found them without any connexion and order In this case the following method appear'd most natural To make our Additions at the end of each County and by a Letter inserted in the several places they belong to in the text to admonish the Reader that he may either find Mr. Camden's opinion confirm'd or a more particular account given of the place or reasons offer'd why we dissent from him or lastly the description of something wholly omitted which in the Topographical Survey of the County falls in there And 't is hop'd the Additions may be thought of so much moment that the Reader will have no reason to complain of being stop'd for nothing or drawn aside out of his road to no purpose After the Method the Reader is to be inform'd to whose assistance he ows these Improvements And this is a piece of justice both to the Persons and to the Work For as 't is fit that each County should understand to whom it is more particularly oblig'd so all men ought to know that we have not built upon slight grounds or deliver'd things upon trifling informations The Right Reverend Father in God Sir Jonathan Trelawny Lord Bishop of Exeter procur'd us large Notices concerning Cornwall and Devonshire his own Diocese Mr. Anthony Etrick return'd what he thought most remarkable in Dorsetshire as Mr. Worsley of Lincolns-Inn sent us several things relating to Hamshire Mr. Evelyn to Surrey and Mr. Harris to Sussex The discoveries in Wiltshire depend upon the authority of Mr. Tanner who has made considerable progress in the Antiquities of that County A Survey of Kent and Middlesex was made upon this occasion by Dr. Plot. The account of the Arsenals for the Royal Navy in Kent with the Additions to Portsmouth and Harwich so far as they concern the business of the Navy were communicated by Mr. Pepys Out of Glocestershire informations were sent us by Dr. Parsons Chancellor of that Church and out of Oxfordshire by Mr. White Kennet who will shortly publish the Antiquities of some part of that County In settling the old Stations in Essex we were particularly assisted by Mr. Oosley who is writing the Antiquities of the whole County and in the description of Norfolk by a Survey of that County in Manuscript written by Sir Henry Spelman and now in the Bodleian-Library Mr. Thomas Newsham of Warwick sent us several very useful particulars out of Warwickshire and an accurate account of the Antiquities of Worcestershire was communicated by Dr. William Hopkins Prebendary of the Church of Worcester Some observations upon the Bishoprick of Durham were extracted for us by Mr. Rudd out of the posthumous Papers of Mr. Mickleton a curious Antiquary at the request of the Reverend Mr. John Smith a member of that Church and others were sent us by Dr. Kay of New-castle The West-riding of Yorkshire is indebted to Mr. Ralph Thoresby of Leeds of whose abilities and exactness the large collection of Curiosities he has made himself Master of is a sufficient argument In the East-Riding Mr. John Burnsall of Hull contributed many things very remarkable and Dr. Jonston from whom we expect the Antiquities of Yorkshire communicated several particulars over the whole County Westmorland is engag'd to Mr. Thomas Machel for so many useful discoveries as its neighbour Cumberland is to Dr. Hugh Todd Prebendary of the Church of Carlisle and lastly Northumberland to Mr. William Nicolson Archdeacon of the same Church eminent for his knowledge in the Languages and Antiquities of the Northern Nations The same worthy Gentleman was pleas'd to improve this work by observations throughout the whole Province of York the Antiquities whereof he has ready for the Press When I tell you that the whole business of Wales was committed to the care of Mr. Edward Lhwyd Keeper of the Musaeum in Oxford no one ought to dispute the justness and accuracy of the Observations His diligence and known ability both in Natural History and Antiquities as they remove all objections of that kind so might they do great honour either to his native Country or any particular County in England wherein he should meet with an Encouragement answerable to the Undertaking Nor can the additional Remarks in Scotland be question'd since they are grounded upon the authority of Sir Robert Sibbalds whose Natural History already publish'd and the model he has given us of his intended Antiquities are a sufficient evidence how much he is master of the affairs of that Kingdom The Remarks upon Ireland were also sent us by a person very well acquainted in that Kingdom Sir Richard Cox Knight The Catalogues of Plants at the end of each County were communicated by the Great Botanist of our
Kirkby-Thore in the same County MS. This County as to Pedigrees and the Intermarriages of greater Families has been well consider'd and illustrated by Sir Daniel Fleming a great Encourager and Promoter of Aniquities MS. WILTSHIRE STone-henge restor'd written by Sir Inigo Jones and publish'd by Mr. Webb 1658. Answer to Sir Inigo Jones by Dr. Charleton Vindication of Sir Inigo Jones by his Son in Law Mr. Webb Architect to King Charles 1. Publish'd 1665. Sammes of Stonehenge a separate Discourse in his Britannia A short Treatise upon the same Subject was written by Mr. John Gibbons MS. Wilton-garden describ'd in 22 Copper Cutts in folio At that time it had the reputation of one of the finest gardens in Europe Mr. Tanner of Queen's College in Oxford has made large Collections in order to the Antiquities of this County See Wiltshire pag. 107. WORCESTERSHIRE WOrcester's Eulogie or a grateful acknowledgment of her Benefactors by J. T. Master of Arts a Poem 1638. A large description of Worcestershire MS. is now in the hands of Thomas Abingdon Esquire It was written by his Grandfather an able and industrious Antiquary YORKSHIRE AND RICHMONDSHIRE A Catalogue of all the Bailiffs Mayors and Sheriffs of the City of York from the time of Edw. 1. to the year 1664. by ..... Hillyard Recorder of the same City York 1665. Some Observations upon the Ruins of a Roman-Wall and multangular Tower in York with the draught by Martin Lister Esquire Phil. Transact Num. 145. Jul. 10. 1683. The Antiquities of the City of York by Sir Thomas Widdrington MS. The original Manuscript is now in the hands of Thomas Fairfax of Menston Esq See Yorkshire pag. 734. Dr. Jonston of Pontefract hath made large collections in order to the Antiquities of this whole County which he is now digesting and fitting for the Publick The English Spaw-Fountain in the Forest of Knaresburrow by Edw. Dean M. D. 1626. Another Book upon the same Subject by Mich. Stanhop 1632. A Yorkshire Dialogue in its pure natural Dialect 1683. WALES GIraldus Cambrensis's Itinerary of Wales A Manuscript of David Morganius mention'd by Vossius History of Penbrokeshire written by Geo. Owen Esq now in the hands of Howel Vaughan of Hengwrt Esquire TREATISES relating to SCOTLAND extracted out of Sir Robert Sibalds's Materials for the Scotch-Atlas THeatrum Scotiae by Robert Gordon in Latin Description of Edenburgh by his Son A description of Scotland and the Isles adjacent by Petruccius Ubaldinus in Italian King James 5th's Voyage round his Kingdom with the Hebrides and Orcades in French The Original Manners c. of the Scots by John Lesly Heroës Scoti by John Jonston A Catalogue of the Scotch Nobility in Scotch Andreae Melvini Gathelus Topographia Scotiae by the same hand An account of Rona and Hirta by Sir Geo. Makenzy Metals and Minerals in Scotland by D. Borthwick An account of Cathness by Mr. William Dundass An account of Sutherland by the same hand Observations upon Cathness by the same hand An account of Hadington deliver'd by the Magistrates of the place Description of part of the Praefecture of Aberdeen An account of a strange Tide in the river of Forth by the Reverend Mr. Wright Vindication of Buchanan against Camden per D. H.MS Collections relating to St. Andrews MS. The Antiquity of the Scotch Nation MS. Description of the High-lands of Scotland MS. Vindication of Scotland against Camden by W. Drummond of Hawthornden MS. An account of the metals found in Scotland by Mr. Atkinson MS. A description of Scotland and of the Northern and Western Isles MS. Scotia illustrata by Sir Rob. Sibalds Theatrum Scotiae or a description of the most considerable Cities and Gentlemen's Seats in the Kingdom of Scotland by J. Slezer Barclay's Treatise of Aberdeen-spaw Vid. Theatrum Scotiae pag. 30. IRELAND SIR James Ware hath given us an exact List of the Irish Authors in his Scriptores Hiberniae edit Dublin 1639. ISLANDS A Descripâ—ion of the Isle of Man in Dan. King's Antiquities of Cheshire An accurate Description of the same Island MS. out of which the Additional Account to the Isle of Man was extracted for me by Mr. Strahan of Baliol-College in Oxford A Description of Thule by Sir Robert Sibalds A Description of the Orcades by Mr. Wallace An Account of the Orcades by Matthew Mackaile A Discovery of the Tides in these Islands by the same Hand Description of Hethland and of the Fishery there by Jo. Smith A Table of Hethland with a description of it Observations upon the Aebudae An accurate Description of Jersey by Mr Fall 4o. ¶ Besides these there are great Numbers of Lieger-Books Charters Registers c. relating to the Religious Houses preserv'd in the Libraries of Sir Thomas Bodley Sir John Cotton c. and in the hands of several private Gentlemen a Catalogue whereof with the Proprietors is given by Mr. Tanner in his Notitia Monastica Antoninuss ITINERARY THROUGH BRITAIN As it is compar'd by Mr. BURTON with the several Editions Iter Britanniarum à Gessoriaco de Galliis Ritupis in Portu Britanniarum Stadia numero CCCCL ITER I. A Limite id est à Vallo Praetorium usque M. P. CLVI Editio Aldina Suritana Simleriana Ab Remaenio A Bremenio Corstopilum m. p. xx Bramenio Corstopitum  Vindomoram m. p. ix   Vinoviam m. p. xix Viconia  Cataractonem m. p. xxii   Isurium m. p. xxiv  Ebur 17. Eboracum Leg. vi Victrix m p. xvii Ebur 17.  Derventionem m. p. vii   Delgovitiam m. p. xiii   Praetorium m. p. xxv  ITER II. Editio Aldina Suritana Simleriana  Iter à Vallo ad   Portum Ritupas   M. P. CCCCLXXXI sic  Ablato Tâ—lg A Blato Bulgio Castra Exploratorum m. p. * xii Ablat  * 10 15. Lugu-vall Luguvallum m. p. xii Lugu-vall  Voredam m. p. xiiii   Brovonacim m. p. xiii   Verterim m. p. * xiii * al. 20.  Lavatrim m. p. xiiii  * 16. Cataractonem m. p. * xiii * 16. Isuriam Isurium m. p. xxiiii Isuriam Eburacum 18. Eboracum m. p. xvii Eburacum 18. Cacaria Calcariam m. p. ix  Cambodun Camulodunum m. p. xx Cambodun  Mamucium m. p. xviii Mammuc Manuc  Condate m. p. xviii  * Vici Devam Leg. xx * Victrix m. p. xx * Leg. xxiii ci  Bovium m. p. x.   Mediolanum m. p. xx   Rutunium m. p. xii  Urio Con. Viroconium m. p. xi Urio Con.  Uxaconam m. p. xi  Penno-Cruc Pennocrucium m. p. xii Penno-Cruc  Etocetum m. p. xii  Mandues-Sed * 16. Manduessedum m.p. * vi ††16 Mandues-Sed  Venonim m. p. xii  Bennavent 16. Bennavennam m. p. xvii Bennavent Ban.  Lactodorum m. p. xii Lactorod  Magiovintum m. p. * xvii Magint * 12.  Durocobrivim m. p. xii Duro-Cobr Vero-Lam Verolamium m. p. xii Vero-Lam
much of Westminster which tho' as I observ'd is a City of it self and of a distinct Jurisdiction I have taken in along with London because it is so joyn'd to it by continu'd buildings that it seems to be but one and the same City Hoâ—burn On the west-side of the City the Suburbs runs out with another row of beautiful buildings namely Holborn or rather Oldburn 58 Wherein stood anciently the first House of Templers only in the place now called Southampton House wherein are some Inns for the study of the Common Law and a house of the Bishops of Ely becoming the State of a Bishop which they owe to John Hotham Bishop of that See under Edward 3. The Suburbs grew likewise on the north-side where Jordan Brisset a pious and wealthy man built an House for the Knights Hospitalers of S. John Hoâ—pitalers of S. John of Jerusalem that was afterwards improv'd into the stateliness of a Palace and had a very beautiful Church with a high tower so neatly carry'd up that while it stood 't was a singular ornament to the City At their first Institution 59 About the year 1124. and long after they were so humble while but poor that their †Governour was call'd Servant to the poor Servants of the Hospital at Jerusalem as that of the Templers Templâ—â—s who arose a little afteâ— The humble Minister of the poor Knights of the Temple 60 This religious Order was instituted shortly after Geoffry of Bollen had recover'd Jerusalem The Brethren whereof wore a white Cross upon their upper black garment and by solemn profession were bound to serve Pilgrims and poor people in the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem and to secure the passages thither they charitably buried the dead they were continual in prayer mortified themselves with watchings and fastings they were courteous and kind to the poor whom they called their Masters and fed with white bread while themselves liv'd with brown and carried themselves with great austerity Whereby they purchased to themselves the love and liâ—ing of all sorts But what for their piety and bravery in war their condition came to be so much alter'd from this mean state by the bounty of good Princes and private persons that they even abounded in every thing For about the year 1240. they had nineteen thousand Lordships or Manours within Christendom as the Templers had nine thousand whose revenues here in England fell also afterwards to the Hospitalers Mâ—tth Par. And this vast increase of revenues made them so effectual a passage to great honours that their Prior was reckon'd the first Baron of England and liv'd in great state and plenty till King Henry 8. by the instigation of bad Counsellors seis'd upon all their lands as he did also upon those belonging to the Monasteries which out of a pious design were dedicated to God's glory and by the Canons of the Church were to be expended upon the maintenance of Priests relief of the poor redemption of Captives and the repair of Churches Near this place where there is now a stately circuit of houses was formerly a rich House of the Carthusians Câ—â—ter-hâ—â—se built by 61 Sir Walter Many Walter Many of Hainault who got great honour by his service in the French War under Edward 3. And before that there was a very famous Church-yard which in that plague of London in the year 1349. had above fifty thousand men bury'd in it as appear'd by an Inscription in brass whereby it was convey'd to posterity t The Suburbs also which runs out on the north-west side of London is large and had formerly a watch-tower or military ‖ Praetentura fence from whence it came to be call'd by an Arabick name Barbacan Barbacan By the gift of Edw. 3. it became a seat of the Uffords Gâ—leottus Martius from whom by the Willoughbies it descended to 62 Sir Peregrine Berty Peregrine Bertie Lord Willoughby of Eresby a person every way of a generous temper and a true martial courage Nor are the Suburbs that shoot forth towards the north-east and east less considerable in the fields whereof whilst I am upon this work there are digg'd up many sepulchral Vessels Seals and Urns with Coins in them of Claudius Nero Vespasian c. Glass Vials also with small earthen vessels wherein was a sort of liquid Substance which I should imagine to be either an oblation of wine and milk us'd by the Romans at the burning of their dead or those odoriferous Liquors mention'd by Statius Phariique liquores Arsuram lavêre comam And precious odours sprinkled on his hair Prepar'd it for the flames This was a place set apart by the Romans for burning and burying their dead being oblig'd by the Twelve Tables to carry them without the Cities and to bury them by the military high-ways 63 To put passengers in mind that thâ—y are as those were subject to mortality And thus much of the land-side of the City u But upon the river-side and the south part of it Borough of Southwark See Surrey p. 160. that large Borough of Southwark before-mention'd is joyn'd to the city with a bridge first built on wooden piles where formerly instead of a bridge they pass'd the water in a ferry Afterwards The Bridge in the reign of K. John they built a new one of free-stone and admirable workmanship with 19 Arches beside that which makes the * Versatilis Draw-bridge and so continu'd it all along like a street with most handsome buildings that it may claim a preheminence over all the bridges in Europe whether you look upon the largeness or beauty In this Borough of Southwark the things that have been remarkable are a noble Abbey for Monks of the Benedictine Order call'd Bermondsey erected formerly to our Saviour by Aldwin Child S. Saviour Citizen of London and a stately house built by Charles Brandon Duke of Suffolk Suffolk-house which was pull'd down again after it had been for a little time the delight of its Master There still remains the Hospital of S. Thomas St. Thomas Hospital repair'd or rather founded by the City of London for the lame and infirm and the Church of the Priory of St. Mary which because it is seated over the Thames is with respect to the City of London call'd a The learned Dr. Hicks in his Saxon Grammar has observ'd that the Church's name is not taken from it's being over the river but from standing upon the banks of it ofre in Saxon signifying a bank S. Mary Over-Rhe founded for 64 Black Canons Canons by William Ponte del Arche a Norman as also the house of the Bishops of Winchester built by William Gifford Bishop about the year 1107. for the use of his successors From this along the Thames-side there runs westward a continu'd line of houses in which compass within the memory of our fathers there
of Crowland 1109. Abbot Joffred sent over to his manour of Cotenham nigh Cambridge Gislebert his fellow-Monk and Divinity-Professor with three other Monks who follow'd him into England well furnish'd with Philosophical Theorems and other primitive Sciences and daily repair'd to Cambridge there they hir'd a publick barn made open profession of their Sciences and in a little time drew a great number of scholars together In less than two years time their number increas'd so much from the country as well as town that there was never a House Barn or Church big enough to hold them all Upon which they dispers'd themselves in several parts of the town imitating the University of Orleans For soon in the morning Frier Odo an excellent Grammarian and Satyrick-Poet read Grammar to the boys and younger sort according to the Doctrine of Priscian and Remigius upon him At one of clock Terricus a subtile Sophister read Aristotle 's Logick to the elder sort according to Porphyry's and Averroe 's Introductions and Comments At three of clock Frier William read Lectures in Tully's Rhetorick and Quintilian's Flores and Gislebert the principal Master preach'd to the people upon all Sundays and Holy-days Thus from this small fountain we see large flowing streams making glad the City of God and enriching the whole kingdom by many Masters and Teachers coming out of Cambridge as from the holy Paradice c. Concerning the time when it was first made an University Robert of Remington shall speak for me †The learned Selden MSS. Notes has observ'd that in Pat. 52. Hen. 3. memb 25. it is call'd Universitas Scolarium In the reign of Edward 1. Grantbridge from a School was made an University like Oxford by the Court of Rome But why do I so inconsiderately run into the lists where two such learned old men have formerly encounter'd to whom I freely deliver up my arms and pay all the respect and honour I am able to such venerable persons Cambridge Meridian is 23 degr and 25 min. from the west g According to later computation about 52 degr and about 17 minutes and the Arch of the same Meridian between the Equator and Vertical point is 52 degr and 11 min. w 2 Cam from Cambridge continuing his course by Waterbeach an ancient seat of Nuns which Lady Mary S. Paul translated from thence to Denny somewhat higher but nothing healthfuller when in a low ground he hath spread a Mere associateth himself with the river Ouse Hard by Cambridge to the South-East are certain high hills by the Students call'd Gogmagog-hills Gogmagog Hills by Henry of Huntingdon the most pleasant hills of Balsham from a village at the foot of them where as he says the Danes committed all the Barbarities imaginable On the top of all I saw there a fort A Fort. of considerable bigness strengthned with a threefold trench and impregnable in those days according to the opinion of several judicious warriors were it not for its want of water and some believe it was a Summer retreat either of the Romans or the Danes This seems to be the place that Gervase of Tilbury calls Vandelbiria Below Cambridge says he Wandlesbury there was a place call'd Vandelbiria because the Vandals when they ruin'd some parts of Britain and cruelly destroy'd the Christians did there encamp themselves pitching their tents upon the top of a little hill where lyes a plain surrounded with trenches with only one entrance and that like a gate As for his Martial Ghosts walking here which he mentions I shall say nothing of them because it looks like a foolish idle story of the fantastick Mob It 's none of our business as one says to tickle mens ears with plausible stories x In a valley nigh these hills lyes Salston Salston which fell to Sir John Nevill Marquess of Mont-acute from the Burghs of Burgh-green by Walter de la Pole and the Ingalthorps and by his daughter the sole heiress to the Huddlestons who liv'd here in great credit More Eastward we meet with Hildersham belonging formerly to the Bustlers but now by marriage to the Parises and next to the Woods stands Horsheath Horsheath which is known for many Descents to belong to the ancient and noble families of the Argentons and Arlingtons which I g See in Suffolk under the title Halesworth and in Hertford shire under the title Wimondley mention'd in another place and is now the seat of the latter Next this lies Castle-camps Castle-camps the ancient seat of the Veres Earls of Oxford held by Hugh Vere says the old Inquisition records that he might be Chamberlain to the King However 't is most certain that Hen. 1. granted this Office to Aubry de Vere Cameraria Angliae Lord gâ—eat Chamberlain in these words Chief Chamberlain of England in fee and hereditarily with all the powers privileges and honours belonging thereto with as much freedom and worship as ever Robert Mallet held it c. However the Kings at their own pleasure have appointed sometimes one and sometimes another to execute this Office 3 The Earls of Oxford also that I may note it incidently by the heir of R Sandford held the manours of Fingrey and Wâ—lfelmeston by Serjeanty of Chambâ—rlainship to the Queens at the Coronation of their Kings Not far off there are the remains of those great and large Ditches which were undoubtedly thrown up by the East-Angles to prevent the incursions of the Mercians who frequently ruin'd all before them Flems-dyke and others The first begins at Hingeston and runs eastward by Hildersham towards Horsheath for 5 miles together The second next to it call'd Brent-Ditch runs from Melborne by Fulmer But 't is now time to return and leave these and the like frontier-fences to be spoke of in their proper places Sturbridge-Fair Nigh Cambridge to the east by a small brook call'd Sture yearly in September there is the most famous Fair kept in all the Kingdom both for resort of people and quantity of goods Just by it where the ways were exceeding troublesome and almost impassable that worthy right-honest Gentleman h i.e. Gabriel Hâ—rvy but the Causey was made by Henry Hâ—rvy Doctor of Law who was Master of Trinity-hall which Gabriel never was See Wood's Fasti of the 1. vol. of Athenae Oxen. under the year 1585. G. Hervy Doctor of Laws and Master of Trinity-Hall in Cambridge with vast charge out of a pious and laudable design has lately made a very fair rais'd Causey for about 3 miles long leading to New-market At the end of this Causey there is a third Ditch Ditches thrown up in old time beginning at the east side of the Cam which runs by Fenn-Ditton or rather Ditchton from the foremention'd Ditch between great Wilberham and Fulburn as far as Balsham At present it is commonly call'd Seven-mile-Dyke because it lies seven miles from New-market formerly call'd Fleam-Dyke Fleam-ditch as much
Richard created Earl of Cambridge by the meer favour of Henry 5. and consent of his own brother Edward But after this perfidious and ambitious man ungratefully conspir'd against the life of that best of Princes and so lost his head the title of Earl of Cambridge was either lost with him or lodg'd among the titles of his son Richard afterwards Duke of York and restor'd to all his dignities as being Kinsman and Heir to his Uncle Edward Duke of York This Shire contains 163 Parishes ADDITIONS to CAMBRIDGESHIRE Improvements of the County a THE County of Cambridge in Saxon Grantabrycgscyr not as our Author Grentbriggscyre and by later writers according to the several ages wherein they liv'd call'd Cantebrigesire Grantebridgescire Cantebriggeschire has of late years had two very considerable improvements of its soil and air the first by planting great quantities of Saintfoine which is brought from foreign parts and thrives only in very dry and barren ground the second by draining the fens in the Isle of Ely a work that was carry'd on at vast expence but has at last turn'd to a double account both in gaining much ground and mending the rest and also in refining and clearing the air and in a great measure taking away that * Under the title Cambridge Caeli gravitas è palustri situ mention'd by our Author Our Author in describing the chief place in it Cambridge Cambridgâ— has hardly allow'd it so much compass as the dignity of so famous an University and Nursery of Learning requires So that 't is no more than justice to be a little more particular upon their several Foundations and the improvements that have been made upon them since his time both in buildings and otherwise b Peter-house Peter-hâ—usâ— seems to have been built some time before 1284. to which year our Author refers it For †History of this Unâ—versity p. 1 Fuller upon whose authority these accounts principally depends tells us that Hugh Balsham when he was only Prior of Ely began the foundation of this house about the year 1257. without Trumpington-gate near the Church of St. Peter from which it seems to have taken the name But all the advantage the Scholars had at first was only the convenience of Chambers which exempted them from those high rents the Townsmen had us'd to exact of them What our Author I suppose refers to is the endowment which was settl'd by the same Hugh when Bishop in 1284. for a Master fourteen Fellows c. which number might be increas'd or diminisht according to the improvement or abatement of their revenues c So likewise the first date of Clare-hall Claâ—e hall tho' not the name is to be carry'd higher than 1340. For this Richard Badew built before that a house call'd University-hall wherein the Scholars liv'd upon their own expence for 16 years together till it was burnt down by a casual fire The founder finding himself unequal to the charge of rebuilding it had the assistance of Elizabeth third sister and coheir of Gilbert Earl of Clare by whose liberality it was built up again and endow'd It is at present one of the neatest and most uniform Houses in the University having been lately new built all of Free-stone d Pembroke-hall Pembroke-hâ—â—â— was founded by Mary de S. Paul third wife to Audomare de Valentia Earl of Pembroke For her husband being unhappily slain at a Tilting on the wedding-day she entirely sequester'd her self from all worldly delights and devoting her self to God amongst other pious acts built this College which was afterwards much augmented by the benefactions of others e Bennet-College Bâ—â—â—et-Câ—â—â—â—ge arose out of two Guilds or Fraternities one of Corpus-Christi and the other of the blessed Virgin These two after long emulation being united into one Body by a joint interest built this College which has its name from the adjoyning Church of St. Benedict Their greatest modern Benefactor was Matthew Parker once Master of the College and afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury who by his prudent management recover'd several Rights of the College and besides two Fellowships and five Scholarships gave a great number of excellent Manuscripts to their Library f Trinity-hall Triâ— ty-hâ—â—â— was built upon a place that once belong'd to the Monks of Ely and was a house for Students before the time of Bishop Bateman who by exchange for the Advowsances of certain Rectories got it into his own possession He was a great Master of Civil and Canon Law and so the Master two Fellows and three Scholars the number he appointed at the first Foundation were oblig'd to follow those two Studies It has been since very much augmented by Benefactions and the number of its members is proportionably encreas'd g Caius-College Caiâ—s was at first call'd Gonvil-hall and was built upon the place where now are the Orchard and Tennis-Court of Bennet-College Fâ—â—er's Hâ—â—t of Cambr. p. 5â— But within five years it was remov'd into the place where it stands at present by Bishop Bateman Some time after John Caius Doctor of Physick improv'd this Hall into a new College since call'd after his own name h King's-College King 's was at first but small built by Henry the sixth for a Rector and twelve Scholars There was near it a little Hostle for Grammarians built by William Bingham which was granted by the Founder to the said King Henry for the enlargement of his College Whereupon he united these two and having enlarg'd them by addition of the Church of St. John Zachary founded a fair College for a Provost seventy Fellows and Scholars three Chaplains c. i Queen's-College Queen's was begun by Queen Margaret but the troublesome times coming upon her would not give her leave to compleat her intended fabrick The first Master of it Andrew Ducket by his industry and application procur'd great sums of money from well-dispos'd persons towards the finishing of this work and so far prevail'd upon Queen Elizabeth wife to King Edward the fourth that she perfected what her profess'd Enemy had begun k Catharine-hall Catharine-hall was built by Richard Woodlark third Provost of King's College over against the Carmelites house for one Master and three Fellows and the number encreas'd with the Revenues About one half of it is lately new-built and when 't is finisht it will give place to none in point of beauty and regularity l Jesus-College Jesus was made out of an old Nunnery dedicated to St. Radegund the Nuns whereof were so notorious for their incontinence and so generally complain'd of that King Henry 7. and Pope Julius the second bestow'd it upon John Alcock Bishop of Ely to convert it into a College who establish'd in it a Master six Fellows and six Scholars But their numbers by the great benefactions they have had are very much encreas'd m Christ's-College Christ's was built upon the place where God's-house formerly stood and was endow'd
by Margaret Countess of Richmond who settl'd there a Master and twelve Fellows c. which number being complain'd of as savouring of Superstition by alluding to our Saviour and his Apostles King Edward the sixth alter'd by the addition of a thirteenth Fellowship along with some new Scholarships This College within about these forty years has been adorn'd with a very fine new building by it self n St. John's-College St. John's had the same Foundress and was built upon the place where An. 1134. Nigel or Neal second Bishop of Ely founded an Hospital for Canons Regular which by Hugh de Balsham was converted into a Priory dedicated to St. John and by the Executors of the said Countess of Richmond into a College under the name of the same Saint For she dy'd before it was finisht which retarded the work for some time but it was afterwards carry'd on by her said Executors o Magdalen-College Magdalen's is cut off from all the rest and stands by it self on the North-west side of the river Some years ago they had begun a pretty piece of new-building which when well nigh finisht was given over p The magnificence of Trinity-College Trinity mention'd at large by our Author has since been improv'd by a most noble and stately Library begun under the government of the late famous and learned Dr. Isaac Barrow a building for the bigness and design of it perhaps not to be match'd in the three kingdoms q Emanuel-College Emanuel was built in a place where was formerly a Convent of Dominicans founded in the year 1280. by the Lady Alice Countess of Oxford After the suppression of Monasteries this Convent came into the possession of one Mr. Sherwood of whom Sir Walter Mildmay seems to have purchas'd it It has a very neat Chapel not long since built by the late Archbishop of Canterbury and others r Sidney-Sussex-College Sidney-Sussex tho' it owe its rise to the Charity of the Lady Frances Sidney and the care of her Executors is exceedingly improv'd by the benefactions of Sir Francis Clerk who besides a set of new-buildings augmented the Scholarships and founded four Fellowships with eight Scholarships more and of Sir John Brereton who left to it by Will above 2000 pound s The Schools Schools of this University were at first in private houses hir'd from ten years to ten years for that purpose by the University in which time they might not be put to any other use Afterwards Publick Schools were built at the charge of the University in or near the place where they now stand But the present fabrick as it is now built of brick and rough stone was erected partly at the expence of the University and partly by the contributions of several Benefactors The Library Library was built by Rotheram Archbishop of York who together with Tonstal Bishop of Durham furnisht it with choice Books few whereof are to be found at present But the Libraries of the three Archbishops Parker Grindal and Bancroft did amply compensate the loss of the former t And thus much of the University The Castle mention'd by our Author was strong and stately having in it amongst other rooms a most magnificent Hall * Caius l. 2. p. 117. The stones and timber were afterwards begg'd of Henry 4. by the Masters and Fellows of King's hall towards the building of their Chapel Nothing is †Fuller p. 2. now standing but the Gate-house which is the Prison and an artificial high hill deeply entrench'd about of a steep ascent but level at the top Between the Conquerour's time and the Barons war Roger of Montgomery destroy'd this Town with fire and sword to be reveng'd of William Rufus but King Henry 1. to repair those damages bestow'd many Privileges upon it particularly freed it from the power of the Sheriff making it a Corporation upon the payment of 101 marks yearly into the Exchequer which sum the Sheriff paid before for his profits out of the town when it was under his jurisdiction And what seems to have been of most consequence the Ferry over the river which before was left at large began to be fix'd near this place which probably might have something of the same effect as building new bridges and turning the course of roads have had in ‖ See Salisbury in Wiltshire Wallingford in Berks c. other parts of England w A mile north of Cambridge is Arbury Arbury or Arborough in the territories of Chesterton where * Aubr MS. is a large camp of a figure inclining to a square There have been Roman Coins found in it one particularly of silver with the head of Rome on one side and on the reverse Castor and Pollux on horseback The adjoyning Chesterton has probably it's name from this Camp or old Castrum x On another side of Cambridge at a little distance are Gogmagog-hills Gogmagog-hills †Ibid. where the Camp mention'd by our Author seems to be a British work It has three rampires and two graffs between as the usual way is being very large and rudely circular and the Diameter of it is no less than 246 paces 'T is on the hill as the British way of encampment was and 't is probable enough that the antagonist to it might be at Arborough which from the form coins and nearness of water a thing that people was particularly careful of must have been done by the Romans Near the Camp there runs a Roman high-way from the brow of the hill southward y Upon the edge of Suffolk is Catlidge Catlidge which our Author makes famous for a Synod An. 977. The Saxon Annals make it at Kyntlingtune by a mistake for Kyrtlingtune which I infer not only from the similitude of n and r but also from the Copyist not understanding the language for 't is taken out of Canterbury-Copy and from our later Historians calling it Kyrtlinege Kirding and Kirling The name with the circumstances would perswade us to see for it at Kyrtleton in Oxfordshire for as to the difference between the old and new name that is inconsiderable and ‖ Chron. Sax. sub An. 977. we are told that Sideman Bishop of Devonshire for so he is there stil'd dy'd at this Synod and was bury'd at S. Mary's at Abingdon Now he had no manner of relation to this Church and therefore we may imagine the only reason why King Edward and Archbishop Dunstan pitch'd upon it for his burial was the nearness especially seeing they did it contrary to his own express desire when alive which was that he might be interr'd at his own Church of Cridiantun or Kirton But if he had dy'd at Catlidge they might have found a more convenient Monastery for that purpose I mean Peterborough no less eminent and much nearer unless Abingdon might be more eligible upon this account that it was within the kingdom of the West-Saxons z In the Parish of Sutton Sutton some few miles
Confessor's Charter In consideration of 4000 Eeles in Lent the Monks of Ramsey shall have out of the Territory of St. Peter so much square stone as they need at Berneck and of rough stone for walls at Burch Beneath Berneck that Roman way which the neighbouring Inhabitants call the Forty-foot way from its breadth cuts this Shire in two between Caster and Stamford and appears in an high Causey especially by the little wood of Berneck where it has a Beacon set upon the very ridge and so runs along by Burghley-Park-wall Some few miles hence the Welland runs down by Maxey-Castle Maxey formerly belonging to the Barons of Wake and by Peag-Kirke Peag-Kirk Ingu phus where in the infancy of Christianity in England Pega a holy woman who gave name to that place sister of St. Guthlac with other devout Virgins by their life and example gave excellent documents of Piety and Chastity and so comes to the Fenns so often mention'd And by reason the bank on the South-side thereof is neglected the river over-flows the adjacent Lands to the great damage of the proprietors and having broken thus out of it's chanel which went formerly by Spalding it falls into the Nen and extreamly overcharges it The lesser Avon which is the other boundary as I said of this Shire northward but serves for a limit only about 5 or 6 miles breaking out of the ground near the springs of the Welland runs westward by 11 Suleby sometimes an Abby of black Monks and by c. Stanford Stanford upon Avon seat of the family of Cave Cave out of which several branches of good note have dispers'd themselves in all the neighbouring Tract also by Lilburne the seat in former ages of the Canvils That this hath been anciently a Roman Station I am persuaded by it's situation upon one of their Military ways by the ancient Trenches there and a little piked Hill cast up which some dug of late days in hopes of finding old hidden treasures but instead of Gold they met with Coals And thus this little river after it 's passing under Dowbridge leaves Northamptonshire and enters Warwickshire Bounds of the Ancients From the digging up of those Coals what if I should give a guess that this Hill was thrown up for a mark or Boundary since Siculus Flaccus tells us that either Ashes or Coals or Potsherds or broken Glasses or Bones half burnt or Lime or Plaister were wont to be put under such marks or limits and St. Augustin writes thus of Coals Lib. de Civ Dei 21. c. 4. Is it not a wonderful thing considering Coals are so brittle that with the least blow they break with the least pressure they are crush'd in pieces yet no time can conquer them insomuch that they that pitch'd Land-marks were wont to throw them underneath to convince any litigious fellow whatsoever that came never so long time after and should affirm that no Land-mark was there made And so much the rather am I inclined to this conjecture because they that have written of limits do inform us that certain Hillocks which they termed Botontines Boton tines Hence perhaps come our Buttings were plac'd in the limits So that I suppose most of these Mounts and round Hillocks which we see all hereabouts 12 And call Burrows were raised for this purpose and that Ashes Coals Potsherds c. might be found under them if they dug deeper into the ground Earls of Northampton The first Earl that this County had at least that I know of was Waldeof son of the warlike Siward who being also Earl of Huntingdon lost his head for treason against William the Conquerour leaving only two daughters behind him which he had by Judith the Conquerour's niece by a sister on the mother's side The Life 〈…〉 Simon * De S. 〈…〉 Sylvaneciensâ—â— Sinlis being scornfully rejected by Judith the mother upon account of being lame in his legs married Maud the eldest daughter and built St. Andrew's Church and the Castle at Northampton After him succeeded his son Simon 2. who was a long time at law about his mother's estate with David King of Scots his mother's second husband and having sided with King Stephen in the year of our Lord 1152. died with this ‖ Elogia elogy A youth full of every thing that was unlawful every thing that was unseemly His son Simon 3. going on with the suit against the Scots for his right to the Earldom of Huntingdon wasted his whole estate but thro' the favour of King Hen. 2. married the daughter and heir of Gilbert de Gant Earl of Lincoln and having at last recover'd the Earldom of Huntingdon and disseis'd the Scots died issueless in the year 1185. Many years after King Edw. 3. created William de Bohun a person of approved valour Earl of Northampton and when his elder brother Humfrey de Bohun Earl of Hereford and Essex and High Constable of England was not able in that warlike Age to bear the charge of Constable he made him also High Constable of England After him his son Humfrey succeeding in the Earldom of Northampton as also in the Earldoms of Hereford and Essex upon his Uncle's dying issueless had two daughters the one married to Thomas of Woodstock youngest son to King Edw. 3. the other to Henry of Lancaster Duke of Hereford afterwards King of England The daughter of Thomas of Woodstock brought by her marriage this her grandfather's title of Northampton together with others into the family of the Staffords But when they had lost their honours King Edw. 6. honour'd William Par Earl of Essex a most accomplish'd Courtier with the title of Marquiss of Northampton who within our memory died issueless And now while I am upon this work our most serene Sovereign King James in the year of our Lord 1603. at one and the same time has advanced Henry Howard Brother of the last Duke of Norfolk a person of excellent wit and fluent eloquence a complete master of Arts and Sciences exceeding prudent and provident to the degree and stile of Baron Howard of Marnehill and the honour of Earl of Northampton There belong to this Shire 326 Parishes ADDITIONS to NORTHAMPTONSHIRE a THE County of Northampton at the time of the Conquerour's Survey was something larger than now it is For all the south part of Rutlandshire must have been taken out of it because in Domesday-book we meet with the towns in this tract under the title of Northamptonshire 'T is a County so plentiful in all things necessary to life that it does not need nor indeed will allow much of manufacture the ground abundantly maintaining and fully employing the Inhabitants * Full Wor. pag. 279. It is said that of Cloathing has been attempted with great application but at last came to nothing The thinness of it's woods observ'd by our Author and it 's distance from the sea so that no Coal can
whom those Mortimers that were afterwards Earls of March were descended Of these more in Radnorshire Three miles off there is another neighbouring Castle call'd Richard's-Castle 〈…〉 possessed first by the Sayes then by the Mortimers and afterwards by the Talbots At length by the daughters of J. Talbot the inheritance was divided betwixt Guarin Archdeacon and Matthew Gurnay i Beneath this Castle Nature which no where sports her self more in shewing wonders than in the waters hath brought forth a little Well which is always full of small fish-bones or as others think small frog-bones notwithstanding it is ever now and then emptied and clear'd of them whence 't is commonly call'd Bone-Well 〈◊〉 Wâ—ll And not far off stands Croft-Castle belonging to the famous and very ancient and knightly family of the Crofts k Thence the Wye bends his course to Lemster called also Leonminster and Leonis Monasterium from a Lion that c The Lion is said to have appear'd to King Merwald and that upon this he began to build the Nunnery Lel. Itin. MS. appear'd in a Vision as some have dream'd but by the Britains Lhan-Lieni which signifying a Church of Nuns and it being certain that Merewalch a Mercian King founded here a Church for Nuns which was afterwards a Cell belonging to the Monastery of Reading to seek after another Original of the name what were it else but labouring to no purpose And yet there are some which derive it from Linum Flax the best kind of which grows here But it now glories chiefly in it's Wool in the neighbouring parts round about commonly call'd Lemster Ore which excepting that of Apulia and Tarentum is by all Europe accounted the best 〈…〉 Wool It is also so famous for Wheat and the finest White bread 〈…〉 and 〈◊〉 that Lemster-Bread and Weabley-Ale a town belonging to the noble family of D'Eureux are grown a common Proverb By reason of â—â—ese Commodities the markets of Lemster were very much frequented and they of Hereford and Worcester observing it were so invidious that they oblig'd them by virtue of the King's authority to alter their Market-day complaining that the confluence of people thither impaired their markets I have nothing more to add concerning Lemster but that William Breosa Lord of Brecknock when he revolted from King John set it on fire and defac'd it l As for Webley â—â—â—ey it is seated more within the Country and was the Barony of the Verdons the first of which family â—â—cs Verâ— Bertram de Verdon came into England with the Normans whose posterity by marriage with one of the heirs of the Laceys of Trim in Ireland were for some time hereditary Constables of Ireland but at last the estate devolved by daughters to the Furnivals Burghersh the Ferrers of Groby Crophull and from the Crophulls by the Ferrars of Chartley to the D'Evereux's Earls of Essex Near neighbours unto Webley but more westward are Huntingdon-Castle formerly belonging to the Bohuns Earls of Hereford and Essex Kinnersley to the ancient house of De-la-bere and Erdsley where the famous and ancient family of the Baskerviles have long inhabited â—â—â—â—le â— Gâ—â—â—â—â— which bred in old time so many noted Knights they deduce their original from a Niece of Gunora that most celebrated Norman Lady who long ago flourished in this County and its neighbour Shropshire and held to note so much by the by the Hamlet of Lanton in Capite 〈…〉 3. as of the Honour of Montgomery by the service of giving the King one barbed Arrow as often as he came into those parts to hunt in Cornedon-Chace The Lugg now hastens to the Wye first by Hampton where Rowland Lenthall Master of the Wardrobe to King Hen. 4. who married one of the heirs of Thomas Earl of Arundel built a very fine house which the Coningsbeys a family of note in this tract have for a good while inhabited 〈◊〉 Thence by Marden 〈◊〉 and Southon or Sutton of which Sutton shews some small remains of King Offa's palace infamous for the murder of K. Ethelbert and Marden is noted for the tomb of the said K. Ethelbert who for a long time lay bury'd here in obscurity before he was translated to Hereford m Near the conflux of the Lugg and the Wye eastward a Hill which they call Marcley Hill Marcley-Hill in the year 2 1571. 1575. roused it self up as it were out of a sleep and for three days together shoving its prodigious body forward with a horrible roaring noise A moving Mountâ—in and overturning all that stood in its way advanced it self to the great astonishment of the beholders to a higher station by that kind of Earthquake I suppose which the Naturalists call Brasmatia n Not far from hence towards the East likewise under Malvern-hills by which the east-side of this County is here bounded stands Ledbury Ledbury upon the river Ledden a town of note which †Walter Mapes calls him Alvodus and says he was the son of Edricus Sylvester Lib. de Nug. Curial 2. cap. 11. Edwin the Saxon a man of great power gave to the Church of Hereford being persuaded that he was cured of the Palsie by the intercession of St. Ethelbert As for the Military works on the neighbour hill I need say nothing of them since in this tract which was the marches and the seat of war first between the Romans and the Britains afterwards between the Britains and the Saxons such Forts and Entrenchments are to be seen in many places o Now the Wye enlarg'd by the influx of the Lugg fetches a more winding compass first by Holme Lacy the seat of the ancient and noble family of Scudamores Scudamore or Escudamor which much advanced it self by matching with an heiress of the House of Ewias in this County and Huntercombe c. elsewhere From hence the Wye runs down between Rosse 3 Made a free Borough by King Hen. 3. noted for Smiths and Wilton Wilton over against it a very ancient Castle of the Greys Baron Grey of Wilton from which family so many famous persons of that sirname have descended It was built as common report goes by Hugh Long-champ But publick records assure us that King John gave Wilton with the Castle to Henry Long-champ and that it fell by marriage to William Fitz-Hugh and likewise not long after in King Edward the first 's time to Reginald Grey Now after the Wye has run a little lower and saluted Goderich Castle Goderich-Castle which King John gave to William Earl Marshal and which was afterwards the principal seat of the Talbots it takes leave of Herefordshire and bends its course to the County of Monmouth p In the declension of the Saxon Government Earls of Hereford Ralph son to Walter Medantin by Goda King Edward the Confessor's sister govern'd this County as an Official Earl But the Normans divested him of this honour and substituted in his
hand-habend i.e. having his hand in or being in the very act of stealing or back-berond i.e. having the thing stoln either upon his back or somewhere about him without giving any probable account how he came by it or lastly confesson'd owning that he stole the thing for which he was accused The cause therefore must be only theft and that manner of theft only which is call'd furtum manifestum grounded upon some of the foresaid evidences The value of the thing stoln must likewise amount to above 13 d. ob for if the value was found only so much and no more by this Custom he should not dye for it He was first brought before the Bailiff of Halifax who presently summon'd the Frithborgers within the several Towns of the Forest and being found guilty within a week was brought to the Scaffold The Ax was drawn up by a pulley and fasten'd with a pin to the side of the Scaffold If it was an horse an ox or any other creature that was stoln it was brought along with him to the place of execution and fasten'd to the cord by a pin that stay'd the block So that when the time of execution came which was known by the Jurors holding up one of their hands the Bailiff or his Servant whipping the beast the pin was pluckt out and execution done But if it was not done by a beast then the Bailiff or his Servant cut the rope But the manner of execution will be better apprehended by the following draught of it Printed for â— Sold By F Bentley in Halifax A A. The Scaffold B. The piece of wood wherein the Axe is fix'd C. The Axe D. The Pulley by which the Axe is drawn up E. The Malefactor who lyes to be beheaded F. The pin to which the Rope is ty'd that draws up the Axe o On the other side of the Calder is Cambodunum Cambodunum which probably was built most of wood there being no manner of appearance of stone or brick The fire that burnt it down seems to have been exceeding vehement from the cinders which are strangely solder'd together One lump was found of above 2 foot every way the earth being melted rather than burnt But Mr. Camden's guess at a burning there from the blackness of the stones in the buildings is groundless for the edges of them are so in the Quarry which is half a mile off and so deep that for fire to reach them there is impossible p Next the Calder goes to Wakefield Wakefield where by the noble charity of the pious Lady Campden is a weekly Lecture endow'd with fourscore pounds per An. The other for she left three thousand pounds to Trustees for the founding two Lectures in the north of England is at Grantham Upon the light hand of the high-way leading from Wakefield to Sandal there is a small square plot of ground hedg'd in from a Close within which before the war between K. Charles and the Parliament there stood a Cross of stone where Richard Duke of York was slain The owners are oblig'd by the tenure of the land to hedge it in from the Close The carved work of stone upon the Chapel built by King Edward 4. on the bridge hath been very beautiful but is now much defac'd The whole structure is artificially wrought about ten yards long and six broad Dâ—â—tâ—n At some distance from hence is Darton of the Beaumonts of which Mr. George Beaumont a Merchant left 500 l. for the founding a Free-school in this place of his nativity as much to poor Ministers 150 l. to the poor of London 50 l. to York 30 l. to Hull with a considerable estate amongst his relations Farther from the Calder lyes Burton-grange Burtâ—â—-grangâ— where the no less religious than honourable Lady Mary Talbot second daughter and coheir of Henry Talbot fourth son of the illustrious George Talbot Earl of Shrewsbury erected an Hospital for six poor widows each of which have 40 s. and a Gown every year She built also and endow'd two other Hospitals in other Counties during her life and at her death An. 1675. left 40 l. per An. for 99 years to be put to such like uses More to the south is Stainbrough Stainbrough where Henry Edmunds Esq has generously built a good house for the Minister and Mr. Walker late Master of University-College has annex'd a Library to the school Two miles from Howley is Drighlington D ighliton memorable only for the nativity of Dr. James Margetson late Archbishop of Armagh who founded here a school and endow'd it with 60 l. per An. q The river Are our next guide runs to Skipton Skiptâ—n where lye interr'd several of the Cliffords particularly George third Earl of Cumberland honour'd with the Garter by Queen Elizabeth and famous for his sea-services performing * Inscâ—â—pâ—â—on in Sâ—â—â—ton Caâ—â—â— nine Voyages in his own person most of them to the West-Indies being the best born Englishman that ever hazarded himself in that kind He died 30 Oct. 1605. leaving one only daughter Anne Countess of Pembroke Dorset and Montgomery an eminent benefactor born 30 Jan. 1589 90. at Skipton-Castle in Yorkshire wherein I am the more particular because Dr. Fuller in his Worthies Com. West p. 140. out of a mistake says 't was in Hertfordshire She built from the ground or considerably repair'd six ancient Castles one of which Brough had lain 140 years desolate after the fire had consum'd it An. 1520. Another See the â—â—ditioâ—â— Wâ—stmâ—land Pendragon-castle of which our Author tells us nothing remain'd in his time but the bare name and an heap of stones 320 years after the invading Scots under their King David had wasted it An. 1341. She built also seven Chapels or Churches with two stately Hospitals richly endow'd and died 22 March A. D. 1675. This Country Craven hath given the title of Earl to William Craven Baron of Hampsted Marshal created Earl of Craven Mari 16. An. 16 Car. 2. From hence the Are passeth by Thornton the seat of Richard Thornton Esq to Rawdon Rawdon famous for Sir George Rawdon a most accomplish'd person who with 200 or fewer British most valiantly repulsed Sir Philim o Neile at the head of an army of about 7000 rebels assaulting Lisnegarvy now Lisburn in Ireland in that grand massacre 1641. wherein thousands of Protestants were most cruelly murder'd There now resideth Henry son of Francis Layton Esquire who in pursuance of his said father's will has built there and endow'd with 20 l. per an a Chapel which was consecrated by Archbishop Dolben 4 May 1684. r Upon the same river is Leeds Leeds possibly from the Saxon Leod gens natio implying it to have been very populous in the Saxon times which town and parish King Charles 1. by Letters Patents 13 July second of his reign incorporated under the government of one chief Alderman nine Burgesses and twenty Assistants Sir John Savil afterwards Lord
mix'd with common dust * Fastiâ—â—on paâ—â— p. 765. And when that garrison was surrender'd to the Parliament he took great care for the preservation of the publick Library and bequeathed to it many MSS. with the Collections aforesaid which of themselves †Ibid. p. 69â— amounted to 122 Volumes at least pp Our next place upon the river is Selby part of which ancient and beautiful Church with half of the steeple fell down suddenly about 6 a clock on Sunday morning 30 March 1690. From hence our Author carries us to Escricke Escricke which gave the title of Baron to Sir Thomas Knivet He was Gentleman of the Privy-Chamber to King James 1. and the person intrusted to search the vaults under the Parliament-house where he discover'd the 36 barrels of gun-powder and the person who was to have fir'd the train qq Afterwards the Ouse passeth by Drax where the benefaction of Charles Read Esq a native of the place and Judge in Ireland ought not to be omitted He erected here a Hospital as also a School-house and endow'd them with 100 l. per an EAST-RIDING EAst-Riding East-Riding or the east part of Yorkshire a where the Parisi Parisi are seated by Ptolemy makes the second division of this County lying east of York The north and west sides of it are bounded by the winding course of the river Derwent the south by the aestuary of Humber and the north by the German Ocean That part of it towards the sea and the river Derwent is pretty fruitful but the middle is nothing but a heap of mountains called a Wold in Saxon signifies a large plain without woods Yorkeswold which signifies Yorkshire hills The river Derventio or as we call it Derwent rises near the shore and runs towards the west but then turns again towards the south and passes by Aiton and Malton which because they belong to the North-Riding of this County I shall reserve for their proper places As soon as the river has enter'd this quarter it runs near the remains of that old castle Montferrant Montferrant Historia Meauxensis which belonged formerly to the Fossards men of great honour and estates But William Fossard of this family being in ward to the King and committed to the guardianship of William le Grosse Earl of Albemarle enraged the Earl so by debauching his sister tho' he was then but very young that in revenge he demolished this castle and forced the noble young Gentleman to forsake his country Yet after the death of the Earl he recovered his estate and left an only daughter who was married to R. de Tornham by whom she had a daughter afterwards married to Peter de Malo-lacu whose posterity being enriched with this estate of the Fossards became very famous Barons b Not far from hence stands a place seated upon a bank of the river called Kirkham i.e. the place of the Church for here stood a College of Canons founded by Walter Espec a very great man whose daughter brought a vast estate by marriage to the family of the Rosses Next but somewhat lower upon the Derwent there stood a city of the same name which Antoninus calls Derventio Derventio and tells us it was seven miles distant from York The Notitia makes mention of a Captain over ‖ Noâ—â— Derâ—â—â—enâ—â— the Company Derventienses under the General of Britain that lived here and in the time of the Saxons it seems to have been the Royal Village situated near the river Doreventio says Bede where Eumer that Assassin as the same Author has it pushed with his sword at Edwin King of Northumberland and had run him through if one of his retinue had not interpos'd and sav'd his master's life with the loss of his own Where this place is I could never have discover'd without the light I have received from that polite and accurate scholar Robert Marshall He shewed me that at the distance from York I mention'd there is a little town seated upon the Derwent called Auldby which signifies in Saxon the old habitation where some remains of antiquity are still extant and upon the top of the hill towards the river is to be seen the rubbish of an old castle so that this cannot but be the Derventio From hence the river flows through Stanford-bridge which from a battel fought there is also called Battle-bridge Baâ—â—â—â—-bridge c For here Harald Haardread the Norwegian who with a fleet of 200 sail had infested this Kingdom and from his landing at Richal had marched thus far with great outrage and devastation was encountred by King Harold of England who in a fair battel here slew him and a great part of his army and took so much gold among the spoil that twelve young men could hardly bear it upon their shoulders as we are told by Adam Bremensis This engagement was fought about nine days before the coming in of William the Conquerour at which time the dissolute luxury of the English seems to have foretold the destruction of this Kingdom b See the General part under the title Normans But of this we have spoke already THE EAST RIDING of YORKSHIRE by Robert Morden Cum patre Radulpho Babthorpe jacet ecce Radulphus Filius hoc duro marmore pressus humo Henrici sexti dapifer pater Armiger ejus Mors satis id docuit fidus uterque fuit The two Ralph Babthorps father and his son Together lye interr'd beneath this stone One Squire one Sew'r to our sixth Henry was Both dy'd i' th field both in their master's cause Now the Derwent with a larger stream glides on near Howden â—wden a market town remarkable not for it's neatness or resort but for giving name to the neighbouring territory which from it is called Howdenshire and not long since for having a pretty Collegiate Church of five Prebendaries to which a house of the Bishops of Durham is adjoyned who have a vast estate hereabouts Walter Skirlaw one of them who flourish'd about the year 1390. as we find in the book of Durham built a huge tall steeple to this Church that in case of a sudden inundation the inhabitants might save themselves in it Not far distant from hence is Metham â—â—â—m which gives a name and seat to the famous and ancient family of the Methams d The Ouse grown more spacious runs with a swift and violent stream into the Aestuary Abus â—tuary of â—s the name by which it is expressed in Ptolemy e but the Saxons 〈◊〉 and we at this day call it Humber 2 Whereof also the Country beyond it by a general name was call'd Northumberland and from it all that part of the country on the other side was in general termed Nordan humbria Both names seem to be derivatives from the British Aber which signifies the mouth of a river and was perhaps given to this by way of excellence because the Urus or Ouse with all those