guide_n and_o companion_n dr._n meris_fw-la casaubon_n who_o affection_n to_o his_o person_n and_o influence_n on_o his_o study_n have_v appear_v in_o many_o instanâ—â—s_v before_o relate_v mr._n somner_n very_o often_o express_v his_o grateful_a sense_n of_o obligation_n confess_v that_o to_o the_o study_n of_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n he_o be_v encourage_v by_o his_o precious_a friend_n and_o ever_o honour_v maecenas_n dr._n casaubon_n lecter_n who_o have_v admit_v he_o be_v a_o entire_a friendship_n and_o familiar_a daily_a conversation_n who_o good_a learning_n and_o good_a nature_n he_o can_v never_o enough_o celebrate_v ib._n the_o only_a patron_n of_o his_o study_n and_o one_o who_o deserve_v great_o from_o all_o that_o be_v ambitious_a of_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n initio_fw-la many_o other_o worthy_a name_n reward_v the_o public_a spirit_n of_o mr._n somner_n and_o contribute_v to_o the_o service_n he_o do_v the_o world_n sir_n orlando_n bridgman_n sir_n simon_n archer_n sir_n richard_n leveson_n walter_n chetwind_v thomas_n stanley_n thomas_n henshaw_n ralph_n sheldon_n etc._n etc._n esquire_n of_o divine_v bishop_n warner_n dr._n langbain_n mr._n barlow_n etc._n etc._n of_o physician_n dr._n ferne_n dr._n pugh_n dr._n currer_n dr._n rogers_n etc._n etc._n and_o of_o our_o own_o county_n all_o those_o gentleman_n who_o have_v a_o affection_n to_o virtue_n and_o good_a letter_n the_o honourable_a john_n finch_n baron_n of_o fordwich_n sir_n edward_n monins_n of_o waldershire_n sir_n norton_n knatchbull_n of_o mersham_n sir_n richard_n hardres_n of_o hardres_n sir_n henry_n palmer_n of_o wingham_n baronet_n sir_n christopher_n harflete_a of_o hackington_n sir_n anthony_n archer_n of_o bishopshourn_n sir_n thomas_n godfrey_n of_o nackington_n sir_n william_n man_n of_o canâ—erbury_n sir_n john_n boy_n of_o bonington_n knight_n john_n boy_n of_o fredfield_n john_n boy_n of_o hede-court_n john_n boy_n of_o betheshanger_n edward_n scot_n of_o scots-hall_n richard_n master_n of_o west-langdon_n thomas_n engeham_n of_o goodnestone_n james_n brockman_n of_o bitchborough_n arnold_n brame_v of_o bridge_n thomas_n courthope_n of_o stodmersh_n thomas_n peke_v of_o ashe_n laurence_n rook_n of_o monkshorton_n esquire_n edward_n master_n of_o canterbury_n herbert_n randolph_n of_o canterbury_n william_n randolph_n of_o biddenden_n joseph_n roberts_n of_o canterbury_n john_n lynch_n of_o staple_n gentleman_n etc._n etc._n these_o all_o do_v honour_n to_o their_o country_n and_o to_o their_o family_n by_o serve_v the_o interest_n of_o mr._n somner_n and_o the_o public_a pray_v sir_n accept_v this_o plain_a account_n of_o the_o life_n of_o mr._n somner_n and_o my_o hearty_a thanks_o for_o your_o affection_n to_o the_o memory_n of_o this_o good_a man_n and_o for_o your_o care_n in_o publish_v this_o excellent_a part_n of_o his_o work_n it_o be_v true_a to_o send_v forth_o every_o postumou_n tract_n of_o learned_a man_n from_o loose_a and_o indigested_a paper_n be_v a_o affront_n to_o the_o world_n and_o often_o seem_v a_o libel_n to_o the_o author_n and_o editor_n of_o they_o but_o where_o the_o remain_v of_o a_o accurate_a writer_n be_v leave_v complete_a and_o absolute_a and_o argue_v a_o design_n of_o be_v write_v for_o public_a notice_n there_o to_o convey_v such_o relic_n to_o the_o press_n be_v a_o office_n of_o justice_n to_o the_o author_n and_o of_o charity_n to_o all_o the_o world_n your_o oblige_a faithful_a friend_n white_a kennett_n edm._n hall_n oxon._n feb._n 15._o 1693._o mr._n somner_n postumou_n manuscript_n now_o in_o the_o library_n of_o christ's-church_n canterbury_n collection_n out_o of_o ancient_a mss_n and_o record_n relate_v to_o the_o city_n and_o church_n of_o canterbury_n and_o to_o other_o town_n and_o church_n in_o kent_n large_a extract_n out_o of_o the_o chronicle_n of_o william_n thorn_n with_o other_o extract_v out_o of_o the_o obituary_n of_o christchurch_n canterbury_n and_o out_o of_o the_o register_n of_o the_o church_n of_o canterbury_n and_o rochester_n with_o collection_n out_o of_o the_o saxon_a annal_n observation_n upon_o the_o commissary_n of_o canterbury_n patent_n be_v a_o large_a discourse_n concern_v the_o original_a jurisdiction_n priveleges_n law_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o spiritual_a court_n a_o discourse_n of_o portus_n iccius_n a_o transcript_n of_o a_o large_a saxon_a theological_a treatise_n a_o large_a collection_n in_o order_n to_o the_o compile_v his_o saxon_a dictionary_n in_o two_o volume_n scholia_fw-la &_o animadversiones_fw-la in_o leges_fw-la henrici_fw-la prâ—mi_fw-la regis_fw-la angliae_fw-la subnectitur_fw-la glossarium_fw-la rerum_fw-la &_o verborum_fw-la difficilium_fw-la in_o dictis_fw-la legibus_fw-la dedicate_v to_o sir_n roger_n twisden_n collection_n out_o of_o transcript_n of_o several_a ancient_a saxon_a mss._n in_o two_o volume_n his_o antiquity_n of_o canterbury_n interleaved_a with_o very_o large_a addition_n lamberti_n leges_fw-la saxonicae_fw-la where_o he_o have_v amend_v the_o translation_n his_o emendation_n upon_o spelman_n two_o volume_n where_o he_o have_v collate_v the_o text_n with_o mss_n and_o amend_v the_o saxon_a translation_n and_o have_v go_v through_o the_o whole_a work_n his_o large_a note_n upon_o spebnan_n glossary_a some_o marginal_a note_n upon_o the_o grand_a custom_n of_o normandy_n some_o emendation_n upon_o his_o treatise_n of_o gavel_n kind_n another_o copy_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d full_a of_o emendation_n and_o annotation_n throughout_o marginal_a note_n upon_o mr._n silas_n tailor_n be_v gavel-kind_n history_n correct_v his_o mistake_n marginal_a note_n upon_o bracton_n de_fw-fr legibus_fw-la angliae_fw-la marginal_a note_n upon_o the_o old_a collection_n of_o english_a and_o latin_a statute_n print_v 1556._o marginal_a note_n upon_o horn_n mirror_n of_o justice_n marginal_a note_n upon_o mr._n selden_n spicilegium_fw-la ad_fw-la eadmerum_fw-la especial_o a_o emendation_n of_o selden_n translation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n publish_v by_o he_o p._n 173._o etc._n etc._n some_o marginal_a emendation_n on_o spelâ—nan's_n saxon_a psalter_n marginal_a emendation_n on_o fox_n saxon_a gospel_n marginal_a emendation_n on_o liste_n saxon_a monument_n large_a marginal_a note_n upon_o meric_n cafaubon_n book_n de_fw-fr quatuor_fw-la linguis_fw-la large_a marginal_a note_n upon_o verstegan_n adversaria_fw-la in_o spelâ—nanni_n gloâ—farium_fw-la in_o watfli_n glossarium_fw-la matthâ—â—o_fw-la paris_n additum_fw-la in_o tractatum_fw-la gerardi_n vossii_n de_fw-fr vitio_fw-la sermonis_fw-la in_o one_o volume_n leges_fw-la anglo-saxonicae_a a_o v._o c._n guil._n lambar_n do_v olim_fw-la editae_fw-la exintegro_n latinè_n datae_fw-la some_o collection_n towards_o his_o intend_a history_n of_o kent_n the_o history_n of_o the_o roman_a port_n and_o fort_n in_o kent_z for_o our_o discovery_n both_o of_o one_o and_o the_o other_o the_o itinerary_n vulgar_o ascribe_v to_o antoninus_n 5._o about_o which_o there_o be_v some_o dispute_n among_o the_o learned_a and_o that_o notitia_fw-la imperii_fw-la publish_v by_o pancirollus_n must_v be_v our_o chief_a guide_n to_o begin_v with_o the_o port_n the_o itinerary_n mention_v only_o three_o rutupia_n dubris_n and_o lemanis_n unde_fw-la colligo_fw-la hos_fw-la tantum_fw-la tres_fw-la portus_fw-la apud_fw-la cantios_n antiquitùs_fw-la fuisse_fw-la celebres_fw-la so_o leland_n to_o who_o i_o subscribe_v in_o doris_n as_o to_o the_o first_o rutupium_n ptolemy_n call_v it_o urbem_fw-la rutupiae_n antoninus_n rutupae_n portum_fw-la ritupium_n also_o portum_fw-la rutupai_fw-mi the_o notitia_fw-la rutupis_fw-la place_v there_o the_o provost_n or_o praefect_n of_o the_o legionis_fw-la secundae_fw-la augustae_fw-la the_o auspurg_n peutingerian_n tables_n ravipis_fw-la ammianus_n marcellinus_n rutupias_n cornelius_n tacitus_n right_o read_v portum_fw-la rutupensem_fw-la beda_n ruthubi_fw-la portum_fw-la quiportus_fw-la so_o he_o 1._o add_v à _fw-la gente_fw-la anglorum_fw-la nunc_fw-la corruptè_fw-la reptacester_n vocatus_fw-la etc._n etc._n canis_fw-la thus_o we_o see_v what_o some_o call_n urbem_fw-la a_o city_n or_o wall_a town_n other_o call_z portum_fw-la a_o port_n haven_n or_o harbour_n the_o same_o marcellinus_n as_o he_o call_v it_o also_o rutupias_n so_o by_o way_n of_o character_n he_o term_v it_o stationem_fw-la britanniae_fw-la tranquillam_fw-la a_o quiet_a or_o calm_a station_n or_o bay_n for_o ship_n in_o orosius_n we_o read_v it_o call_v rhutubi_n portum_fw-la &_o civitatem_fw-la the_o port_n and_o city_n rhutubi_n before_o we_o offer_v at_o the_o etymology_n of_o the_o name_n rutupium_n let_v we_o inquire_v out_o the_o place_n situation_n twine_n will_v have_v dover_n hereby_o understand_v but_o that_o conjecture_n of_o he_o be_v not_o only_o question_v but_o reject_v of_o mr._n lambard_n and_o that_o very_o just_o as_o i_o conceive_v in_o regard_n that_o rutupia_n and_o dubris_n as_o distinct_a be_v under_o several_a name_n mention_v in_o the_o itinerary_n to_o say_v nothing_o here_o of_o the_o distance_n which_o continue_v and_o hold_v good_a to_o this_o day_n between_o gessoriacum_n and_o it_o mean_a time_n mr._n lambard_n dislike_a the_o historiarum_fw-la monk_n of_o westminster_n apply_v the_o name_n to_o sandwich_n and_o consequent_o his_o refer_v whatsoever_o
eminent_a in_o that_o profession_n i_o hope_v in_o a_o short_a time_n a_o new_a edition_n may_v spread_v it_o into_o more_o hand_n but_o let_v i_o give_v you_o a_o far_a history_n of_o it_o when_o mr._n somner_n have_v draw_v all_o his_o thought_n and_o authority_n into_o a_o just_a discourse_n he_o send_v his_o paper_n to_o his_o judicious_a friend_n archbishop_n usher_n who_o return_v they_o with_o this_o testimony_n i_o have_v peruse_v this_o learned_a treatise_n of_o gavelkind_n and_o judge_v it_o very_o fit_a to_o be_v publish_v ja._n armachanus_fw-la apr._n 7._o 1647_o 216._o this_o approbation_n of_o so_o great_a and_o good_a a_o man_n be_v the_o best_a licence_n that_o can_v be_v ask_v or_o give_v to_o the_o book_n but_o there_o be_v two_o reason_n that_o hinder_v the_o publication_n first_o the_o distress_n and_o persecution_n of_o the_o writer_n which_o may_v take_v from_o he_o the_o appetite_n and_o ability_n of_o print_v second_o the_o ignorance_n and_o affectation_n of_o those_o time_n that_o hate_v all_o antiquity_n ecclesiastical_a and_o civil_a and_o dote_v on_o a_o new_a gospel_n and_o new_a law_n so_o that_o till_o the_o nation_n be_v dispossess_v of_o this_o spirit_n it_o be_v not_o fit_a to_o cast_v the_o pearl_n before_o they_o the_o author_n lay_v it_o up_o in_o his_o own_o archive_v and_o impart_v it_o only_o to_o the_o perusal_n of_o some_o peculiar_a friend_n dr._n m._n casaubon_n have_v see_v and_o read_v it_o and_o in_o the_o year_n 1650._o tell_v the_o world_n that_o his_o friend_n have_v write_v a_o just_a treatise_n in_o english_a upon_o that_o most_o famous_a and_o most_o ancient_a custom_n in_o kent_n call_v gavelkind_a &c_n &c_n 142._o the_o author_n himself_o upon_o occasion_n own_a the_o hide_a treasure_n and_o point_v to_o it_o once_o or_o more_o in_o his_o note_n to_o the_o word_n of_o lipsius_n an._n 1650_o 16._o and_o very_o often_o in_o his_o glossary_n an._n 1652_o etc._n but_o when_o monarchy_n episcopacy_n and_o learning_n be_v restore_v than_o the_o author_n bring_v forth_o the_o thing_n new_a and_o old_a when_o the_o eye_n of_o man_n be_v open_v yet_o still_o his_o own_o modesty_n will_v have_v long_o conceal_v the_o talon_n if_o the_o importunity_n of_o friend_n have_v not_o prevail_v for_o he_o confess_v an._n 1660._o that_o the_o preface_n and_o treatise_n have_v be_v write_v more_o than_o twelve_o year_n ago_o and_o have_v lie_v by_o the_o author_n ever_o since_o and_o they_o have_v not_o now_o come_v forth_o but_o upon_o the_o encouragement_n of_o some_o worthy_a and_o judicious_a friend_n at_o their_o request_n it_o appear_v abroad_o with_o this_o title_n atreatise_n of_o gavelkind_n both_o name_n and_o thing_n show_v the_o true_a etymology_n and_o derivation_n of_o the_o one_o the_o nature_n antiquity_n and_o original_a of_o the_o other_o with_o sundry_a emergent_a observation_n both_o pleasant_a and_o profitable_a to_o be_v know_v of_o kentish_a man_n and_o other_o especial_o such_o as_o be_v studious_a either_o of_o the_o ancient_a custom_n or_o the_o common_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n by_o a_o wellwisher_n to_o both_o william_n somner_n london_n 1660._o 4_o to_o in_o this_o elaborate_a work_n the_o author_n be_v most_o happy_a in_o the_o etymology_n and_o description_n of_o gavelkind_n and_o socage_n of_o the_o norman_n fief_n the_o haubert_n and_o fief_n de_fw-fr roturier_n of_o the_o saxon_n boclanâ—_n and_o folclanâ—_n of_o the_o feudist_n allodium_fw-la and_o feudum_fw-la etc._n etc._n wherein_o he_o be_v singular_a and_o dissent_v from_o all_o precedent_a writer_n with_o such_o a_o vein_n of_o modesty_n and_o such_o a_o strength_n of_o reason_n and_o authority_n as_o have_v yet_o satisfy_v all_o reader_n and_o silence_v all_o critic_n he_o have_v far_a explain_v all_o the_o different_a tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la knights-service_n fee-farm_n frankalmoign_a divine-service_n escuage_z certain_z burgage_n villeinage_n etc._n etc._n with_o all_o land_n denominate_v from_o their_o service_n as_o work-land_n bocland_n aver-land_n drof-land_n swilling-land_n mol-land_n ber-land_n wareland_n terra-susanna_a forland_n bord-land_n scrudland_n over-land_n mondy-land_n etc._n etc._n wherein_o he_o supply_v and_o correct_v littleton_n and_o his_o oraculous_a commentator_n he_o fill_v up_o the_o defect_n of_o spelman_n and_o prevent_v the_o industry_n of_o glossographer_n that_o shall_v follow_v after_o and_o therefore_o the_o diligent_a du-fresne_a in_o explication_n of_o most_o of_o these_o term_n bare_o translate_v the_o english_a of_o this_o book_n and_o faithful_o refer_v to_o it_o etc._n by_o this_o one_o performance_n he_o have_v indeed_o show_v himself_o a_o absolute_a civilian_n and_o a_o complete_a common_a lawyer_n state_v all_o tenor_n and_o method_n of_o conveyance_n with_o exquisite_a judgement_n and_o exam_v the_o writ_n de_fw-fr rationabili_fw-la parte_fw-la bonorum_fw-la with_o that_o nice_a hand_n as_o prove_v he_o master_n of_o more_o than_o he_o profess_v and_o in_o many_o of_o these_o dispute_v he_o can_v have_v be_v a_o more_o final_a arbiter_n but_o that_o his_o habitual_a modesty_n restrain_v he_o so_o that_o when_o many_o other_o point_n of_o common_a law_n do_v offer_v themselves_o to_o his_o discourse_n yet_o be_v out_o of_o his_o profession_n he_o will_v not_o wade_v or_o engage_v any_o far_a in_o the_o argument_n lest_o he_o shall_v be_v censure_v of_o a_o mind_n to_o thrust_v his_o sickle_n into_o another_o man_n harvest_n 170._o to_o obtain_v this_o knowledge_n in_o the_o law_n of_o his_o country_n he_o have_v trace_v all_o the_o stream_n of_o justice_n to_o their_o fountain_n head_n he_o have_v search_v back_o into_o all_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o norman_a and_o the_o saxon_a age_n and_o have_v first_o diligent_o inquire_v into_o the_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o and_o adorn_v they_o with_o note_n and_o a_o glossary_a as_o be_v before_o observe_v he_o go_v back_o far_o and_o review_v all_o the_o policy_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n a_o copy_n of_o who_o law_n have_v be_v first_o gather_v up_o by_o mr._n alexander_n nowell_n who_o mr._n camden_n danmoniis_fw-la call_v the_o reviver_n of_o the_o saxon_a language_n in_o the_o year_n 1567._o who_o go_v then_o beyond_o the_o sea_n commit_v they_o to_o his_o pupil_n in_o those_o study_n mr._n william_n lambard_n desire_v he_o to_o translate_v they_o into_o latin_a and_o to_o make_v they_o public_a archaionom_fw-la which_o be_v do_v the_o follow_a year_n under_o the_o title_n of_o apxaionomia_fw-la sive_fw-la de_fw-fr priest_n anglorum_fw-la legibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n londâ—ni_n 1568._o 4_o to_o reprint_v fol._n at_o cambridge_n 1644._o in_o the_o perusal_n of_o this_o work_n our_o judicious_a author_n find_v that_o in_o the_o latin_a version_n there_o be_v a_o polite_a and_o elaborate_a stile_n too_o much_o affect_v that_o give_v little_a or_o no_o help_n to_o the_o reader_n in_o understand_v the_o original_a saxon_a dict._n which_o opinion_n be_v after_o confirm_v by_o that_o stupendous_a master_n of_o the_o northern_a tongue_n fr._n junius_n who_o speak_v of_o mr._n lambard_n publish_v the_o law_n of_o the_o english_a saxon_a king_n translate_v by_o himself_o tell_v we_o that_o he_o better_o approve_v the_o ancient_a version_n by_o jo._n brompton_n and_o advise_v all_o that_o love_v the_o genuine_a monument_n of_o antiquity_n rather_o to_o embrace_v the_o old_a interpretation_n of_o a_o rough_a and_o impolite_a age_n than_o rash_o adhere_v to_o the_o modern_a and_o more_o refine_a translator_n goth._n the_o same_o censure_n be_v continue_v by_o the_o annotator_n on_o the_o life_n of_o alfred_n 66._o and_o by_o the_o last_o editor_n of_o the_o saxon_a chronicle_n praef._n upon_o this_o principle_n mr._n somner_n do_v believe_v that_o such_o a_o elegant_a and_o paraphrastic_a way_n of_o render_v old_a record_n be_v too_o much_o like_o paint_n on_o the_o face_n of_o a_o wrinkle_a matron_n or_o a_o cap_n and_o feather_n upon_o gray_a hair_n he_o resolve_v to_o take_v off_o the_o disguise_n and_o represent_v the_o true_a venerable_a aspect_n by_o a_o new_a version_n plain_a and_o nigh_o to_o literal_a for_o the_o benefit_n of_o all_o who_o be_v studious_a of_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n to_o which_o he_o add_v some_o law_n that_o be_v omit_v in_o that_o collection_n by_o mr._n lambard_n 142._o and_o design_v far_o that_o such_o gentleman_n who_o will_v read_v only_o their_o mother_n tongue_n may_v not_o be_v ignorant_a of_o these_o fundamental_a constitution_n he_o turn_v they_o all_o to_o modern_a english_a and_o have_v leave_v the_o transcript_n thus_o entitle_v the_o ancient_a saxon_a law_n translate_v into_o english_a neither_o of_o these_o version_n have_v yet_o see_v the_o light_n thoâ—_n most_o worthy_a of_o it_o the_o first_o of_o they_o especial_o will_v be_v of_o great_a use_n to_o the_o next_o editor_n of_o the_o saxon_a law_n for_o mr._n lambard_n collection_n may_v be_v now_o great_o improve_v as_o
one_o who_o best_o know_v assure_v the_o world_n that_o beside_o the_o law_n first_o publish_v by_o lambard_n and_o revise_v by_o wheelock_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o many_o other_o lie_v conceal_v in_o the_o bennet_n and_o cottonian_a library_n which_o it_o will_v be_v good_a service_n to_o send_v abroad_o into_o the_o world_n and_o say_v the_o same_o great_a man_n i_o have_v by_o i_o a_o transcript_n of_o the_o law_n of_o king_n aethelbert_n hlothare_n and_o edric_n from_o the_o textus_fw-la roffensis_fw-la which_o lambard_n however_o diligent_a in_o search_v out_o these_o law_n have_v not_o see_v before_o his_o edition_n of_o archaionomia_fw-la saxon._n let_v we_o not_o despair_v of_o a_o revisal_n and_o augmentation_n of_o this_o codex_fw-la of_o english_a law_n our_o friend_n who_o have_v do_v so_o much_o honour_n to_o the_o saxon_a chronicle_n be_v of_o ability_n and_o a_o genius_n fit_a for_o this_o other_o performance_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n let_v i_o observe_v that_o nothing_o will_v more_o facilitate_v and_o perfect_v the_o study_n of_o our_o common_a law_n than_o a_o application_n to_o antiquity_n of_o this_o kind_n it_o be_v pity_v the_o young_a gentleman_n of_o that_o profession_n shall_v be_v content_a to_o learn_v only_o the_o present_a practice_n of_o the_o court_n and_o look_v no_o far_o into_o the_o original_n of_o judicial_a method_n which_o alone_o can_v admit_v they_o to_o the_o depth_n of_o reason_n and_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o cause_n there_o be_v indeed_o little_a hope_n of_o this_o progress_n in_o those_o new_a measure_n of_o first_o learning_n the_o practic_a form_n in_o subservience_n to_o attorney_n and_o bare_a enter_v of_o name_n for_o a_o title_n to_o the_o bar_n but_o where_o man_n of_o part_n be_v honour_v with_o the_o more_o liberal_a education_n of_o spend_v some_o year_n in_o one_o of_o the_o two_o national_a school_n of_o learning_n and_o thence_o transfer_v themselves_o to_o the_o seminary_n of_o the_o law_n to_o prosecute_v the_o history_n of_o use_n and_o custom_n from_o such_o we_o may_v expect_v those_o degree_n of_o knowledge_n that_o will_v accomplish_v the_o advocate_n the_o judge_n and_o the_o statesman_n such_o will_v be_v true_a patriot_n of_o their_o country_n and_o will_v be_v the_o more_o unwilling_a to_o have_v the_o law_n of_o england_n change_v when_o they_o understand_v what_o they_o be_v from_o the_o beginning_n i_o dare_v not_o speak_v more_o of_o my_o own_o sense_n but_o i_o humble_o refer_v to_o the_o word_n of_o a_o wise_a man_n who_o when_o he_o have_v recommend_v ancient_a history_n and_o original_a law_n conclude_v thus_o this_o i_o think_v good_a to_o say_v for_o the_o sake_n of_o our_o young_a gentry_n who_o adorn_v the_o inn_n of_o court_n if_o possible_o by_o my_o advice_n they_o will_v not_o spare_v their_o pain_n to_o attain_v the_o saxon_a tongue_n and_o run_v over_o the_o many_o monument_n of_o venerable_a antiquity_n in_o that_o language_n and_o character_n the_o peculiar_a treasure_n of_o their_o nation_n saxon._n possible_o estate_n and_o some_o title_n may_v have_v be_v obtain_v by_o light_a mean_n but_o the_o good_a name_n and_o the_o ability_n to_o serve_v a_o kingdom_n have_v be_v acquire_v only_o by_o these_o industrious_a study_n this_o keep_v up_o the_o memory_n of_o coke_n dodderidge_n noy_n selden_n hale_n and_o many_o other_o oracle_n who_o no_o authority_n nor_o time_n can_v silence_v but_o i_o proceed_v to_o tell_v you_o the_o next_o labour_n of_o mr._n somner_n which_o be_v a_o dissertation_n de_fw-fr portu_fw-la iccio_n for_o examine_v the_o expedition_n of_o caesar_n into_o britain_n he_o find_v by_o his_o own_o account_n 4_o that_o his_o first_o voyage_n begin_v from_o a_o port_n of_o the_o morini_n from_o whence_o be_v the_o short_a passage_n into_o britain_n and_o where_o he_o take_v ship_v the_o second_o time_n which_o by_o description_n appear_v to_o be_v the_o same_o place_n he_o express_o call_v portus_n iccius_n man_n of_o learning_n be_v not_o agree_v in_o the_o site_n of_o this_o haven_n mr._n camden_n and_o ortelius_n think_v it_o to_o be_v witsan_n raimundus_n marlian_n and_o adrian_n junius_n believe_v it_o the_o same_o with_o calais_n jac._n chifletius_n for_o the_o honour_n of_o his_o master_n the_o king_n of_o spain_n will_v have_v it_o mardike_n in_o flanders_n but_o mr._n somner_n fix_v it_o at_o gessoriacum_n now_o bologne_n wherein_o he_o be_v follow_v by_o sanson_n etc._n etc._n of_o late_a writer_n adrian_n valesius_fw-la portus_n conclude_v it_o to_o be_v estaple_n nigh_o bologne_n the_o noble_a du-fresne_a ludovici_n and_o m._n baudrand_n geog._n restore_v it_o to_o witsan_n or_o witsant_n and_o mr._n halley_n 1691._o conjecture_n it_o be_v near_a calais-clift_n either_o ambleteuse_fw-fr on_o the_o one_o side_n or_o calais_n on_o the_o other_o other_o critic_n may_v suspend_v their_o judgement_n till_o they_o see_v this_o discourse_n of_o mr._n somner_n which_o deserve_v to_o be_v fair_o publish_v the_o ms_n bear_v this_o title_n a_o discourse_n of_o portus_n iccius_n wherein_o the_o late_a conceit_n of_o chifletius_n in_o his_o topographical_n discourse_n be_v examine_v and_o refute_v the_o judgement_n of_o cluverius_n concern_v the_o same_o port_n assert_v and_o embrace_v and_o the_o true_a site_n thereof_o more_o clear_o demonstrate_v by_o william_n somner_n our_o author_n skill_n in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n oblige_v he_o to_o inquire_v into_o most_o of_o the_o european_a language_n ancient_a and_o modern_a for_o there_o be_v a_o connexion_n in_o all_o learning_n especial_o in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o tongue_n which_o draw_v the_o student_n from_o one_o link_n to_o another_o till_o he_o have_v pass_v over_o the_o whole_a chain_n of_o dependence_n this_o make_v he_o run_v through_o the_o old_a gallic_n irish_a scotch_a and_o danish_a dialect_n especial_o the_o gothic_n sclavonian_a and_o german_a of_o his_o perfection_n in_o the_o latter_a he_o give_v the_o world_n a_o public_a specimen_fw-la on_o this_o occasion_n while_o his_o reverend_a friend_n dr._n meric_n casaubon_n be_v employ_v in_o a_o essay_n on_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n he_o happen_v upon_o a_o epistle_n of_o justus_n lipsuis_n to_o henry_n schottius_fw-la which_o contain_v a_o large_a catalogue_n of_o old_a german_a word_n in_o use_n with_o that_o nation_n about_o eight_o or_o nine_o hundred_o year_n before_o the_o dr._n think_v many_o of_o they_o have_v a_o great_a affinity_n to_o the_o saxon_a and_o therefore_o be_v then_o at_o london_n send_v down_o the_o catalogue_n to_o mr._n somner_n at_o canterbury_n and_o desire_v his_o opinion_n of_o they_o who_o within_o few_o day_n return_v his_o animadversion_n and_o show_v the_o relation_n of_o the_o german_a with_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n but_o because_o they_o be_v too_o long_o to_o be_v insert_v by_o dr._n casaubon_n in_o the_o body_n of_o his_o discourse_n he_o place_v they_o as_o a_o appendix_n under_o this_o title_n gulielmi_n somneri_fw-la cantuariensâ—s_fw-la ad_fw-la verba_fw-la vetera_fw-la germanica_n à _fw-la v._n cl._n justo_fw-la lipsio_n epist._n cent._n iii_o ad_fw-la belgas_n epist._n xliv_o collecta_fw-la notae_fw-la this_o first_o part_n of_o dr._n casaubon_n comment_n on_o four_o tongue_n hebrew_n and_o saxon_a the_o other_o two_o greek_a and_o latin_a the_o dr._n do_v not_o finish_v be_v publish_v at_o london_n 1650._o 8_o vo_z ou_fw-fr the_o mention_n of_o it_o i_o will_v put_v you_o in_o mind_n of_o one_o mistake_v of_o a_o learned_a man_n du_n fresne_n ld._n du_fw-fr gange_n who_o in_o the_o preface_n to_o his_o admirable_a latin_a glossary_n reflect_v on_o those_o critic_n who_o will_v derive_v the_o modern_a language_n from_o greek_a original_n joachimus_n perioâ—â—us_n and_o hen._n stephanus_n for_o the_o french_a monosmius_fw-la for_o the_o italian_a matutius_fw-la and_o aldretus_fw-la for_o the_o spanish_a and_o stephen_n skynner_n for_o the_o english_a when_o this_o last_o must_v be_v a_o lapse_n of_o memory_n for_o dr._n mâ—riâ—_n casaubon_n who_o in_o this_o comment_n on_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n do_v industrious_o refer_v it_o to_o the_o greek_a and_o give_v a_o long_a catalogue_n of_o saxon_a word_n so_o deduce_v whereas_o dr._n skynner_n do_v indeed_o fetch_v the_o saxon_a from_o the_o northern_a dialect_n and_o reflect_v on_o dr._n casaubon_n for_o be_v so_o fond_a of_o that_o other_o conceit_n these_o be_v the_o public_a service_n do_v by_o mr._n somner_n till_o the_o year_n 1650._o at_o which_o time_n dr._n casaubon_n report_v that_o he_o will_v have_v print_v all_o his_o useful_a labour_n and_o will_v have_v write_v much_o more_o if_o that_o fatal_a catastrophe_n have_v not_o interpose_v which_o bring_v no_o less_o desolation_n upon_o letter_n than_o upon_o the_o land_n 141._o and_o he_o himself_o have_v about_o three_o year_n before_o declare_v that_o he_o have_v by_o he_o some_o other_o thing_n in_o a_o readiness_n for_o the_o public_a which_o shall_v not_o god_n
say_v than_o that_o as_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o marish_a country_n be_v of_o the_o english_a saxon_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._o e._n viri_fw-la palustres_fw-la marsh-man_n or_o fen-man_n terra_fw-la and_o the_o region_n itself_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o in_o ethelwerd_n anno_fw-la 795._o and_o mersware_v as_o in_o king_n offa_n 50._o fore-recited_a charter_n or_o grant_v of_o lyd_n to_o the_o archbishop_n and_o merseware_v as_o hoveden_n merscware_v if_o right_o print_v anno_fw-la 838._o so_o be_v the_o same_o inhabitant_n also_o call_v limware_n and_o the_o whole_a lath_n since_o and_o to_o this_o day_n call_v shipway_n as_o in_o doomsday-book_n often_o limwarebest_n and_o limewareleth_a and_o the_o like_a which_o if_o derivative_a from_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d limware_n be_v of_o the_o same_o sense_n and_o signification_n palus_fw-la with_o that_o other_o merscware_a it_o the_o port_n be_v also_o call_v romeney_n rumeney_n and_o sometime_o rumenal_a by_o the_o same_o misrule_n that_o oxney_n graveney_n pevensey_n etc._n etc._n be_v of_o old_a call_v oxenel_n gravenel_n pevensel_n etc._n etc._n the_o elder_a mention_n that_o i_o find_v of_o romney_n be_v in_o 43._o that_o grant_n or_o charter_n of_o plegmund_n the_o archbishop_n in_o the_o year_n 895._o whence_o that_o name_n may_v come_v various_a also_o be_v the_o conjecture_n romney_n 31._o some_o latin_a it_n romanum_fw-la mare_fw-la as_o if_o it_o be_v sea_n in_o the_o roman_n time_n indeed_o much_o more_o of_o it_o former_o than_o at_o present_a have_v be_v under_o water_n as_o overflow_v by_o the_o sea_n whence_o i_o read_v of_o archbishop_n becket_n baldwin_n boniface_n and_o peckham_n inning_o to_o which_o i_o may_v add_v what_o bear_v the_o name_n to_o this_o day_n of_o elderton_n inning_o wibort_n a_o prior_n and_o his_o covent_n of_o christchurch_n canterbury_n near_o upon_o 500_o year_n since_o grant_v to_o baldwyn_n scadewey_n and_o his_o heir_n as_o much_o land_n at_o mistelham_n in_o the_o marish_a about_o ebeny_n i_o take_v it_o as_o he_o can_v inn_n at_o his_o own_o cost_n against_o the_o sea_n gratis_o for_o the_o two_o first_o year_n and_o at_o 4d_o the_o acre_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la afterward_o 208._o other_o perhaps_o fetch_v it_o from_o the_o saxon_a rumen-ea_a the_o large_a water_n or_o watery_a place_n to_o which_o i_o subscribe_v though_o some_o perhaps_o meet_v with_o the_o tyber_n ancient_a name_n of_o rumon_n whereof_o marlianus_n in_o his_o topography_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o etymology_n of_o it_o from_o rumino_fw-la quasi_fw-la ripas_fw-la ruminans_fw-la &_o exedens_fw-la may_v fancy_v the_o same_o etymology_n for_o this_o of_o romney_n especial_o consider_v how_o if_o not_o the_o river_n yet_o the_o sea_n impatient_a of_o restraint_n within_o the_o channel_n of_o our_o narrow_a sea_n all_o along_o this_o coast_n have_v be_v and_o be_v very_o apt_a to_o eat_v away_o the_o shore_n and_o either_o break_n through_o or_o swell_v over_o the_o bank_n and_o wall_n to_o overwhelm_v and_o drown_v much_o of_o the_o level_n as_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o owner_n of_o land_n there_o find_v by_o woeful_a and_o costly_a experience_n have_v have_v so_o much_o occasion_n to_o mention_n appledore_n appledore_n i_o may_v not_o part_v from_o hence_o without_o give_v some_o further_a account_n both_o of_o place_n and_o name_n the_o first_o mention_n i_o find_v of_o it_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 893._o when_o as_o in_o that_o forecited_n place_n of_o our_o saxon_a annal_n it_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ethelwerd_v recount_v the_o same_o story_n call_v it_o if_o not_o misprinted_n a_o poldre_n for_o atpoldre_n or_o apledore_n according_a as_o it_o be_v also_o name_v in_o a_o charter_n or_o grant_v of_o it_o to_o christchurch_n by_o one_o aedsi_n a_o priest_n become_v a_o monk_n there_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o master_n king_n cnute_n and_o his_o queen_n in_o the_o year_n 1032._o where_o also_o it_o be_v write_v apeldre_n and_o the_o like_v before_o in_o the_o charter_n or_o privilege_n of_o k._n ethelred_n about_o the_o year_n 1006._o and_o in_o doomsday-book_n where_o say_v it_o be_v to_o lie_v in_o limewareleth_n or_o the_o lath_n of_o the_o man_n of_o limene_n or_o lime_n the_o same_o which_o be_v since_o 62._o as_o be_v say_v call_v shipway_n since_o which_o time_n undoubted_o there_o have_v be_v some_o alteration_n of_o the_o lath_n and_o other_o division_n of_o our_o county_n for_o as_o there_o niwenden_n also_o be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o the_o same_o lath_n so_o both_o it_o and_o appledore_n both_o in_o that_o elder_a record_n of_o knight's-fee_n of_o henry_n 3d._n or_o edw._n 1's_o time_n and_o in_o that_o latter_a of_o the_o 13._o of_o queen_n elizabeth_n exemplify_v by_o mr._n lambard_n be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o the_o lath_n of_o scray_n or_o sherwinhope_n as_o call_v at_o this_o day_n but_o of_o old_a as_o in_o doomsday-book_n wimare-l_a i.e._n the_o lath_n of_o the_o man_n of_o wye_n and_o be_v according_o place_v by_o mr._n kilburne_n in_o his_o alphabetical_a kentish_a table_n and_o his_o survey_n the_o place_n the_o soil_n be_v moorish_a boggy_a and_o fenny_a appledore_n such_o as_o our_o ancestor_n here_o at_o home_n with_o some_o of_o their_o neighbour_n abroad_o have_v usual_o call_v polder_n we_o have_v a_o place_n near_o canterbury_n lie_v by_o the_o river_n side_n of_o that_o name_n and_o another_o of_o a_o moorish_a situation_n at_o herbaldown_n a_o word_n of_o kilianus_n in_o his_o teutonick_n dictionary_n turn_v palus_fw-la marina_fw-la pratum_fw-la littorale_fw-la agre_z qui_fw-fr è_fw-fr fluvio_fw-la out_o mare_fw-la eductus_fw-la aggeribus_fw-la obsepitur_fw-la i.e._n a_o marish_a fenn_n a_o meadow_n by_o the_o shore_n side_n a_o field_n drain_v or_o gain_v from_o a_o river_n or_o the_o sea_n and_o enclose_v with_o bank_n to_o all_o which_o quality_n and_o property_n our_o appledore_n full_o answer_v be_v a_o kind_n of_o mere_a bog_n or_o quagmire_n border_v on_o the_o water_n and_o often_o overlay_v of_o it_o witness_v the_o great_a inning_o secure_v and_o improve_n of_o it_o at_o several_a time_n by_o the_o care_n and_o at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o church_n of_o canterbury_n whereof_o in_o their_o account_n and_o other_o record_n whilst_o therefore_o apultrâ—a_n other_o fetch_v it_o without_o all_o probability_n in_o my_o apprehension_n from_o the_o saxon_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d malus_fw-la pomus_fw-la a_o appletree_n a_o plant_n for_o which_o the_o soil_n be_v nothing_o proper_a nor_o scarce_o for_o any_o other_o i_o rather_o will_v derive_v it_o from_o that_o other_o name_n pold_o to_o which_o 〈◊〉_d be_v contract_v as_o in_o the_o name_n of_o most_o place_n prefix_v by_o the_o saxon_n it_o be_v original_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o in_o process_n of_o time_n wear_v out_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o since_o and_o at_o present_v more_o corrupt_o appledore_n from_o their_o seat_n or_o abode_n at_o or_o about_o which_o place_n the_o family_n name_n of_o apâ—ldorfield_n some_o perhaps_o may_v fancy_v a_o latin_a derivation_n of_o the_o name_n from_o appello_fw-la haven_n to_o arrive_v or_o land_n and_o hence_o probable_o it_o be_v that_o some_o do_v hold_v the_o place_n to_o have_v be_v sometime_o a_o haven_n or_o sea-town_n or_o port_n and_o consequent_o a_o land_a place_n or_o a_o place_n of_o ship_n arrival_n but_o to_o this_o i_o first_o answer_n that_o the_o name_n be_v not_o find_v until_o the_o saxon_a time_n and_o they_o never_o use_v to_o borrow_v or_o be_v behold_v to_o the_o latin_a for_o any_o whether_o local_a or_o other_o name_n next_o although_o now_o and_o of_o latter_a year_n that_o arm_n or_o aestuary_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v in_o by_o winchelsea_n and_o rye_n reach_v up_o as_o high_a as_o appledore-town_n yet_o questionless_a of_o old_a it_o do_v not_o so_o so_o long_o ago_o at_o least_o as_o there_o be_v mention_v make_v of_o appledore_n which_o out-date_n the_o first_o institution_n and_o original_n of_o the_o port_n refer_v at_o the_o further_a no_o high_a up_o than_o edward_n the_o confessor_n time_n at_o what_o time_n have_v it_o be_v since_o and_o at_o this_o present_a a_o maritime_a place_n and_o use_v as_o a_o harbour_n or_o haven-town_n it_o can_v not_o in_o all_o probability_n have_v escape_v the_o be_v take_v in_o as_o a_o limb_n or_o member_n at_o least_o either_o as_o winchelsey_n and_o rye_n of_o hastings_n or_o as_o lyd_n and_o promhill_n of_o romney_n or_o some_o other_o of_o the_o port_n but_o no_o marvel_n that_o it_o be_v not_o it_o be_v more_o than_o likely_a that_o till_o some_o such_o great_a flood_n or_o inundation_n 45._o as_o that_o speak_v of_o before_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1287._o or_o some_o other_o about_o the_o