there at that time the Assailants were with great slaughter repulsed and beaten down the Cannon in the mean time from the English Fleet in the Splinter firing their broadsides upon them being directed by four great Torches set up at the four corners of the Fort how to avoid damaging it Yet about four a Clock in the morning the D. of York commanded the assault to be renewed which was done with greater fury but to as little purpose or advantage as before so that day light approaching they were forced to retreat carrying away the dead in Waggons which were judged to be some hundreds though the number was not certainly known Since force would not prevail the Duke designed to attempt the regaining this important place by stratagem to which purpose he imployed a Scotch Knight who was well acquainted with General Reynolds to represent to him the advantages he might obtain by serving the King and promoting his Interest and Restoration which it seems so far prevailed that Reynolds agreed to give the Duke a meeting betwixt Dunkirk and Mardike with a party of Horse on either side At their approach Reynolds shewed much respect to the Duke and some private discourses passed between them which were never made publick and then the General returned to the Fort and 〈◊〉 Duke to Dunkirk The Protector having Intelligence of this Enterview dispatcht away a messenger to command General Reynolds instantly to London which he with Coll. White and the Generals Secretary readily obeying and taking the first ship that was ready and would venture to go off which was a Dutch Pink of 100 Guns in a stormy Night Dec. 12 a Frigate offering to wait upon him the next morning he was cast away the same Night on the back of the Goodwin-sands his Chest Sword and Belt being found thereabout and Coll. Morgan commanded in his place About this time there happened Wars between the two Northern Crowns and the Danes having attacked Bremer-warden a very strong place and soon after master'd it the Protector sent Sir Philip Medows Envoy to the K. of Denmark and Coll. Jephson to the K. of Sweden then journying out of Poland where he was ingaged in War likewise to meet this new Enemy They were both well received and during this Mediation the Protector sent supplies of 2000 men and arms to his Ally the K. of Sweden Mean while the protector at home was swearing his Privy Council persuant to one of the Arricles of the humble petition and advice and his Son Richard was made one and also Chancellor of the University of Oxford His Son Henry was constituted Lord Deputy of Ireland and his Son-in-law the Lord Fleetwood was designed to be Lord Commissioner of Scotland where General Monk at present commanded He likewise in this interval of Parliament made choice of several persons to fill up the other House or House of Lords according to the fourth Article of the Petition and Advice being sixty two in number many of whom refused to appear or act with them their Names were these Lord Rich. Cromwel L. Henry Cromwel L. Commissioner Lisle L. President Lawrence Lt. Gen. Fleetwood Robert E. of Warwick Edw. E of Manchester L. Say and Seal L. Viscount Lisle L. Viscount Howard Philip L. Wharton L. Falconbridge L. Ewers John Cleypool John Desborough General Montague Bulstrode Whitlock William Sydenham Sir Charles Woolsey Sir Gilb. Pickering Maj. Gen. Skippon Walter Strickland Francis Rous John Jones Sir Will. Strickland Sir Francis Russel Sir Tho. Honeywood Sir Arth. Haslerig Sir John Hobard Sir Rich. Onslow Sir Gilb. Gerrard Sir William Roberts John Glyn Oliver Sr. Johns Will. Pierepoint John Crew Alex. Popham Philip Jones Sir Christopher Pack Sir Robert Tichbourn Edward Whaley John Berkstead Sir John Hewson Sir Thomas Pride Sir George Fleetwood Richard Ingoldsby James Berry William Goff Thomas Cooper Edmund Thomas General Monk David Earl of Cassills Sir VVilliam Lockhart Lord VVarreston VVilliam Steel Roger Lord Broghill Sir Matt. Tomlinson VVilliam Lenthall Richard Hamden He likewise made three Commissioners of the Great Seal Nath. Fiennes John Lisle VVilliam Lenthall Master of the Rolls Judges of both Benches Of the Hoper Bench John Glyn L. C. Justice Philip-VVarlinton Richard Nudigate Oliver St. John Of the Common Bench Edward Atkyns Matchew Hale Hugh VVindham Barons of the Exchequer Attorney General Robert Nicholas John Parker Roger Hill Erasmus Earl Edmund Prideaux Sollicitor General VVilliam Ellis The time of the prorogation of the parliament being expired they make their appearance again and the persons above-named met in the House of Lords where the protector coming he sends to the Commons to tell them that he desired their attendance in the House of Peers wither the Speaker and the Members go to whom he makes a very pleasing speech concluding That if they would go on to prosecute what they had begun they should be called the blessed of the Lord and the Generations to come would bless them After which the Lord Commissioner Fiennes spake to them declaring what occasions the Government had for money and that the money already granted though it was thought sufficient yet fell much beneath the expence and necessity of the state especially that Tax upon the new buildings falled altogether of what was expected and intended by it and so recommended the whole affair to their consideration Being sate in their Houses the other House sent to the Commons by two of their Members a message for a day of Humiliation and were returned with this answer The House will consider of it and then they Voted that for two months time liberty should be given to exhibit any petitions against undue Elections and consented to a Fast which was kept within the walls of both Houses by Dr. Reynolds Mr. Caryl Mr. Calamy and Mr. Griffith The parliament according to the fourth Article of the Petition and Advice which says That no Members legally chosen should be excluded from performance of their duty but by consent of parliament immediately proceed to the calling over and re-admitting those members which had formerly been secluded by the Protector to His Highness great discontent The House being now full began to flight the other House which they said being a power created by a part of a parliament ought not to have a Negative Voice over a full House and at length they proceeded to question the protectors power in calling and authorizing them to sit as an House of Peers The protector doubting to what height these debates might arise Feb. 4. 1657. he goes to the House of Lords and by the Usher of the black Rod sends to acquaint the Commons of his being there so the speaker and members coming to the Bar His Highness sitting under a Chair of State made a long speech and in conclusion told them That it did concern his Interest as much as the publick peace and tranquillity of the Nation to dissolve this parliament and therefore he did now put an end to their sitting So
and both marched in sight of each other a great Bog between only hindring their Engagement though the Cannon plaid on both sides Cromwel drew forth a forlorn to charge them leading them on in person and coming near their body one that knew the General fired at him with a Carbine but timerously which Cromwel observing called out and told him That if he had been one of his Souldiers he would have cashiered him for firing at such a distance This action of his was thought to have more of courage in it than discretion the Scots unwilling to ingage returned back to their Quarters Next day Aug. 28. the great Guns from the English Camp plaid hard upon the Scots and greatly annoyed them all which could not provoke them to fight but still kept within the protection of their Bog the English being in some want of provisions marched to their old Quarters at Pencland-hills and from thence with much difficulty to Muscleborough to recruit and then drew off their Forces quitted their Garrisons and marched to Hadington The Scots attending on their right wing fell into their Quarters with a resolute party and were as valiantly repulsed by a Regiment of Foot commanded by Collonel Fairfax Sept. 1. The Scots being advantagiously drawn up at the West-end of the Town the English drew Eastward into a fair and Champion ground fit for both Armies to ingage in but after several hours expectation of the Scots approach finding they would not follow them but only watched their advantage they marched towards Dunbar the Scots moving apace after them and at a pass attempted 〈◊〉 fall upon the Reer which the English perceiving faced about to fight them whereupon the Scots drew off to the Hills to endeavour to hinder the English at the pass at Copperspeth which they accordingly effected and then boasted they had the English in Essex's pound as King Charles the First had that General at great disadvantage in Cornwal in 1644. this pass being a place where ten stout men may obstruct the passage of forty thereby to hinder them from any relief from Berwick or perhaps to keep the English from running away so confident were they of victory being lately reinforced with three Regiments and from the Hills that incompassed this sickly remnant look'd down on them as their sure prey And indeed the English were invironed with all manner of apparent dangers their Forces were lessened their Bodies weakned with Fluxes their strength wasted with Watchings in want of drink always troubled with wet and cold weather and much impaired in point of courage two thousand at least being disabled for present service were sent to Berwick On the other side the Scots were stout and hearty in their own Country and upon advantagious ground and double the English in number they being six thousand Horse and sixteen thousand Foot whereas the other were but seven thousand five hundred Foot and three thousand five hundred Horse General Cromwel and his Council of Officers finding the Army unfit for further delays resolved the next morning Sept. 3. to force a passage through the Scots right wing or perish in the attempt and being in Battalia by break of day they fell unanimously upon the enemy with Horse and Foot who to hinder the English at a pass drew up all the Horse upon their right wing and valiantly received the Onset The word of the English was The Lord of Hosts that of the Scots The Covenant The English prest forward vigorously and resolved to vanquish or dye After one hours dispute the Scots were wholly routed the Horse fled and left the Foot exposed to all dangers who were most of them slain or taken prisoners the pursuit continuing eight miles from the Field of Battel Of the Scots were slain about three thousand and ten thousand taken prisoners many desperately wounded among whom were ten Collonels twelve Lieutenant-Collonels nine Majors forty seven Captains seventy two Lieutenants eighty Ensigns besides Cornets and Quarter masters with two hundred Colours twenty two Cannon several Field-pieces and fifteen thousand Arms. Those of Quality taken were the Lord Libberton and his Son the Lord Cromstown Sir James Lansdale Lieutenant-General of the Foot and divers others and the Purse to the Great Seal of Scotland The prisoners were so numerous that it seemed troublesome to keep as to take them so the General discharged near five thousand most sick and wounded the rest being about the same number were conveyed to Berwick by four Troops of Collonel Hackers Horse General Lesley escaped by flight to Edenburgh by Ten a Clock that morning the fight happened and carried the news of his own defeat to his Masters which so daunted them that Edenborough was presently deserted by its Garrison and Leith resolved to receive the Conquerors because they could not keep them out Sept. 7. Four Regiments of Foot marched into Leith where they found thirty seven Guns mounted on Platforms some Shot and Ammunition with store of Wealth The same day Cromwel drew the rest of his Army both Horse and Foot into Edenburgh without any loss save the Arm of a souldier taken off by a Cannon bullet from the Castle After which the Lord General sent a Trumpeter into the Castle to invite the Ministers to come and preach in their Churches which they refusing the English supplied their places He then caused a protection for Markets and liberty of Trade in Edenburgh and Leith to be proclaimed by Drum and Trumpet and marehed thence with his Army to Linlithgow leaving Collonel Overton with his Brigade behind and came within a miâ—e of Sterling from whence Cromwel sent a Letter to that Garrison expressing the Armies constant affection and tenderness to the people of Scotland which though hitherto ineffectual yet being so far advanced into their country desired them to consider of it and deliver up that place to the Common-wealth of England The Trumpeter that carried the Letter was met by a Gentleman on Foot with a pike in his hand who told him They would not let him come into the storm nor receive his Letter In the Afternoon came a Trumpeter from the Scots desiring release of prisoners to which Cromwel answered That they came not thither to make Merchandize of men or to make gain to themselves but for the service and security of the Common-wealth of England The same day a storm was designed upon Sterling but it not being thought practicable the Army marched back to Linlithgow which they fortified and made a Frontier Garrison being in the heart of the country leaving there five Troops of Horse and six Companies of Foot and Cromwel with the rest returned to Edenburgh where the General and Officers kept a Fast The Kirk party also about this time appointed a solemn Fast declaring the occasion of it to be 1. To humble themselves for their too much confidence in the arm of flesh 2. For the malignity and prophaness of their Army 3. For the plundrings and wickedness of their
which news coming to London very much startled the Parliament and Cromwel was a little surprized thereat who by staying to reduce St. Johnstons had suffered the Kings Armâ— to get three days march before him which he excuses in a Letter to the Parliament and shews That the Army acted to the best of their Judgments Cromwel presently orders Lambert to march in the Reer of the Scots with a party of three thousand Horse and Dragoans Harrison was likewise commanded to attack them if possible in the Van and the General himself followed with about sixteen Regiments of Horse and Foot leaving the prosecution of the War in Scotland to Lieutenant General Monk with seven thousand Horse and Foot who presently took in the Town and Castle of Sterling with Aberdeen Abernethy Dundee Dimottercastle Dunbarton-castle and several others so that all Scotland was subdued to the Republick of England The King marched forward with his Army being proclaimed in all Towns as he went along and published a Declaration with a promise of pardon to all persons for all crimes except Cromwel Bradshaw and Cook A copy of the same Declaration was sent by the King in a Letter to the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of London but was by Order of parliament burnt by the Hangman at the Royal Exchange And a day or two after at a muster of the City Trained Bands at Bunhil-fields consisting of fourteen thousand men Lenthal the Speaker of the House came thither and caused a fellow with a Link to burn a copy of the Declaration at the head of every Regiment On the other side the Parliament pass an Act to make it High-Treason to correspond with or assist Charles Stewart with any relief whatsoever At length after many halts and skirmishes long and tedious marches of three hundred miles in three Weeks the Scots entred into Worcester Aug. 23. 1651. from whence the King sent his Letters Mandatory to Sir Tho. Midleton and Coll. Mackworth Governours of Shrewsbury to raise Forces for him but without success In the mean time the Parliament raised the Militia of the Counties and Cromwel and the rest of their Army coming up together they surrounded them on every side with their numerous Host it being never known before in England that so great Forces should be assembled in so short a time which in the whole were judged to be above fifty thousand and the Scots in Worcester no more than thirteen thousand The Earl of Derby about this time being landed as was expected at Wyewater in Lancashire with about three hundred Gentlemen and others endeavoured to raise the Country while the English were busied at Worcester and in a little time they increased to fifteen hundred Collonel Lilburn was sent thither to observe his motions and Cromwels Regiment of foot being at Manchester was appointed to join him at Preston To prevent which the Earl marched toward Manchester whereupon Lilburn endeavoured to flank them in their march so to join the foot which the Earl perceiving prest to ingage and Lilburn being over-match'd in foot the dispute proved tedious and difficult yet in an hour the Earl was totally routed and many persons of Quality taken and five hundred common souldiers with all their baggage arms and ammunition the Earl of Derbys George Garter and other Robes with the badges of the Order but he himself escaped and recovered Worcester There were slain the Lord Widdrington Sir Tho. Tildesley Collonel Matthew Boynton and other inferior Officers with about sixty private souldiers Of the parliaments party ten were slain but many wounded Cromwel having disposed the whole Army round about Worcester in order to a Siege the first remarkable attempt was possessing a pass upon the Severne at a place called Upton which was done by a party led by Lambert and Fleetwood who marched toward the River Teame over which was made a bridge of boats and another over Severn on the Generals side upon which the Kings party took the alarm and drew our Horse and Foot to oppose the Lieutenant Generals passage to whose relief Collonel Ingolsbys and Fairfaxes Regiment of foot the Generals Life-Guard and Hackers Regiment of Horse were all led on by Cromwel himself Then Collonel Goffe and Deans Regiments fell to scowring the Hedges which the Kings party had lined and beat them from Hedge to Hedge so that being seconded by a fresh supply they were forced to retreat to Powick-bridge where three Regiments of Scots more maintained another hot dispute but at length all retired into Worcester except some that were taken After which the Royalists renewing their courage drew out what Horse and Foot they could on Cromwels side the King leading them on they imagining most of his Army had been on the other side so that by this bold and resolute salley Cromwels men were forced a little to retire but after a fight of four hours wherein the King had his Horse twice shot under him the Works and Fort-Royal were taken and their cannon turned upon themselves and the English entred the Town upon which many of the foot threw down their arms which the King perceiving rode up and down among them sometimes with his Hat in his hand intreating them to stand to their Arms adding I had rather you would shoot me than keep me alive to see the sad consequences of this fatal day But all proving ineffectual the Earl of Cleveland and some others rallying some Forces put a small check to the Victors whereby the King had the opportunity to make his escape out of the Town which he did about seven a clock at Night in the dark with sixty Horse out of St. Martins-gate The whole Army now entring the City the souldiers furiously fly through all the streets doing such execution that nothing could be seen for some time but blood and slaughter till at last the plunder of the Town and the prisoners having a little satisfied their appetites they think of securing the rest Most of the Scots Foot were slain or taken but three thousand Horse made their escape The number of the slain and prisoners was about ten thousand Those of Quality taken were Duke Hamilton the Earles of Lauderdale Rothes Carnworth Shrewsbury Cleveland Derby and Kelby and several other Lords and Gentlemen six Collonels of Horse thirteen of Foot nine Lieutenant Collonels of horse eight of foot six Majors of horse thirteen of foot thirty seven Captains of Horse seventy two of foot fifty five quarter-Quarter-masters of Horse eighty nine Lieutenants of foot seventy six Cornets of horse ninety nine Ensigns of foot thirty of the Kings servants nine Ministers nine Surgeons one hundred fifty eight Colours the Kings Standard Coach and Horses with other rich plunder and his Collar of SS Many parties were taken in Warwickshire Shropshire c. so that few of that great body but were killed or taken M. General Massey being wounded surrendred himself and after made his escape M. General Midleton Lieutenant General Lesley were taken in