made by them for the benefit of the Kingdom Gaveston quitted the Realm about the feast of All-saints and went into Flanders from whence about four months after he return'd soon after Epiphany privately into England keeping so close to the King that the Barons could not easily come near him He went with the King to York making his abode there in the Lent whereupon the Bishops Earls and Barons of England came to London to consider the state of the Kingdom lest the return of Gaveston might breed disturbance in the state Item Sir John Cogan Sir Walter Faunt and Sir Jehn Fitz Rery died this year and were buried in the Church of the Friers predicants in Dublin Item John Macgoghedan was kill'd by Omolmoy Item This year died William Roch kill'd at Dublin by an arrow which an Irish-highlander shot at him Item Sir Eustace Pover departed this life Item On the eve of S. Peter's Chair a riot was occasion'd in Urgaly by Robert Verdon Item Donat O Brene was traiterously kill'd by his own men in Tothomon MCCCXII Sir Peter Gaveston went into the castle of Scardeburg to defend himself against the Barons But soon after the kalends of June he surrendred himself to Sir Aumare Valence who besieg'd him upon certain conditions Valence was carrying him to London but the Earl of Warwick intercepted him at Dedington and brought him to Warwick where on the 13th before the kalends of July after a consultation among the Earls and Barons he was beheaded and buried in the Church of the Friers predicants in Langley Item The Justiciary of Ireland John Wogan set out at the head of an army against Robert Verdon and his accomplices and â—o the 6th before the ides of July was sadly defeated In this Battle Nicholas Avenel Patrick Roch and many others were cut off Upon this the said Verdon and many of his followers surâ—endred themselves to the King and went into his prison at Dublin â—n hopes of favour and pardon Item On thursday the day after S. Lucy the virgin in the 6th year of King Edward the moon appear'd to be of several colours and that day it was resolv'd that the Order of the Templars should be abolish'd Item The Lord Edmund Botiller was made lieutenant to John â—ogan Justiciary of Ireland In the Lent following he besieg'd the O Brinnes in Glindelory and forc'd them to surrender nay had â—â—terly destroy'd them if they had not submitted themselves Item The day after the feast of S. Dominick the Lord Mauâ—ice Fitz-Thomas married Catharine the Earl of Ulster's daughter â—t Green Castle and Thomas Fitz-John married another daughter of the Earl's on the day after the assumption but in the same place Item The Sunday after the feast of the exaltation of the Holy Cross the daughter of the Earl of Glocester wife to the Lord John Burk was deliver'd of a son MCCCXIII Frier Roland Joce Primat of Armagh arriv'd in the isle of Houth the day after the annunciation of the blessed Mary and in the night got privately out of his bed took up his Crosier and advanc'd it as far as the Priory of Grace-dieu where â—e was encountred by some of the Archbishop of Dublin's servants â—ho made him leave his Crosier and drove the Primat himself out â—f Leinster Item A Parliament was held at London but little or nothing â—one towards a peace The King left them and went into France 〈◊〉 compliance with an order from that Court taking the sign of â—â—e Cross upon him with many of his Nobles Item Nicholas Fitz-Maurice and Robert Clonhul were knighted â—y the Lord John Fitz-Thomas at Adare in Munster Item On the last of May Robert Brus sent out some gallies with â—apperies in them to pillage Ulster but the people made a stout â—esistance and drove them off It is reported that Robert himself â—â—nded with them by the Earl's permission in order to make a â—â—nce Item This Summer Master John Decer a Citizen of Dublin â—aused a bridge to be built as was very necessary reaching from â—â—e Town of Balyboght to the causey of the Mill-pool of Clontarf â—hich before was a very dangerous passage But after great charge â—he whole bridge arches and all was wash'd down by an inâ—ndation Item On the feast of S. Laurence died John Leeks Archbishop â—f Dublin two were elected for the succession such was the heat â—nd difference of the electors Walter Thornbury the King's Chancellor in Ireland and Master Alexander Bicknore Treasurer â—f Ireland But Walter Thornbury with about an hundred and â—â—fty six more were cast away at Sea the night following Bicknor â—as at that time expecting the Pope's favour and was afterwards â—ade Archbishop of Dublin Item The Lord Miles Verdon married the daughter of the Lord â—ichard de Exeter Item This year the Lord Robert Brus demolish'd the Castle of Manne and on S. Barnaby's day overcame the Lord Donegan Odowill On the feast of Marcellus and Marcellianus the Lord John Burk the heir of Richard Earl of Ulster died at Gallway Item The Lord Edmund Botiller on Sunday being S. Michael's day made thirty Knights in Dublin Castle MCCCXIV The Hospitalers had the lands of the Templars in Ireland bestow'd upon them Item The Lord John Parice was slain at Pount Item On S. Silvester's day the Lord Theobald Verdon came Justiciary into Ireland Item Sir Geffery Genevile a Frier died this year on the 12th before the kalends of November and was buried in his order of Friers predicants of Trym he was also Lord of the liberty of Meth. Item Upon S. Matthew's day this year Loghseudy was burnt and on the Friday following the Lord Edmund Botiller receiv'd his Commission to be Justiciary of Ireland MCCCXV On S. John the Baptist's day the Earl of Glocester was kill'd in an engagement with the Scots and many others were kill'd and taken prisoners The Scots grew insolent upon this success and possess'd themselves of much land and tribute in Northumberland Item Shortly after they invested Carlisse where John Douglas was crush'd to death by a wall that fell upon him This year the Scots not contented with their own possessions arriv'd in the north part of Ireland at Clondonne to the number of 6000. fighting men and expert soldiers namely Edward Brus whole brother to Robert King of Scots with the Earl of Morreth John Meneteth John Steward the Lord John Cambel Thomas Randolfe Fergus de Andressan John de Bosco and John Bisset who possess'd themselves of Ulster and drove the Lord Thomas Mandevile and other subjects out of their estates The Scots entred Ireland on the Feast of S. Augustin the English Apostle in the month of May near Cragfergus in Ulster the first encounter between the English and them was hear Banne wherein the Earl of Ulster was put to flight and William Burk John Stanton and many others were taken Prisoners many were kill'd and the Scots got the day The second encounter was at Kenlys in Meth where Roger Mortimer and his soldiers
about the year of Christ 1183. Baldwin Archbishop of Canterbury by an exchange with the Bishop of Rochester got a mannour in this place wherein he began a palace for him and his successors and this by little and little was enlarg'd But when the Archbishops began to have thoughts of building a small Collegiate Church here Good God what numbers of Appeals were packt to Rome by the Monks of Canterbury and what thundrings threatnings and censures were level'd by the Pope against the Archbishops For the Monks were jealous that this might prove an encroachment upon their Privileges and deprive them of their right to elect the Archbishop Nor could these disturbances be quieted till the little Church they had began was at the instance of the Monks levell'd with the ground Near to this is the most famous mart-town of all the County call'd at this day the Burrough of Southwork in Saxon Suþƿerke Southâ— i.e. a work or building to the south situated so to the south over against London as that it seems to be a sort of suburbs to it but yet so large is it and populous that it may vie with most Cities in England being as it were a Corporation of it self Within the memory of our fathers it had it 's own Bailifs but in the reign of Edward 6. it was annext to the City of London and is at this day reckon'd a branch of it For which reason we will defer the further examination of this place till we come to London Beneath this the Thames leaves Surrey the eastbound whereof runs down in a direct line to the south almost by Lagham which in the reign of Edward 1. had it's Parlamentary Barons Barons S. John 〈◊〉 Lagâ—â—â— call d S. John de Lagham whose estate came at last to J. Leodiard by a daughter and heiress Somewhat lower almost in the very corner where it takes a view both of Sussex and Kent is Sterborrow-castle formerly the seat of the Lords de Cobham who from this place were nam'd de Sterborrow Sterborrâ— and descending from John de Cobham Lord of Cobham and Couling and the daughter of Hugh Nevil flourish'd a long time together in great splendour and reputation For Reginald in the reign of Edward 3. was made Knight of the Garter and Admiral of the Sea-coasts from the Thames mouth Westward But Thomas the last of them marrying Anne daughter to 15 Humphry Duke the Duke of Buckingham had by her one only daughter Anne marry'd to Edward Burgh descended from the Percies and Earls of Athol His son Thomas was created Baron Burgh by K. Henry 8. and left a son William father to Thomas Barons â—rough 〈◊〉 Burgh who was a great encourager of Learning Governour of Briel made by Queen Elizabeth Knight of the Garter and Lord Deputy of Ireland where he expos'd himself to death in defence of his country As to Eleanor Cobham of this family wife to Humphrey Duke of Glocester whose reputation was something tainted I refer you to the English Histories We must now reckon up the Earls Earls 〈◊〉 Surreâ— who were 〈◊〉 call'd 〈◊〉 of Wâ—â— Arms 〈◊〉 Earls 〈◊〉 Warrâ—â— William Rufus King of England first made William de Warren Governour of Surrey 16 Who had marry'd his Sister under the honorary title of Earl whose Arms were Checky Or and azure For in his Foundation-Charter of the Priory of Lewis we read thus I have given c. for the good of my master K. William who brought me over into England and for the good of my Lady Queen Mawd my wife's mother and for the good of my master K. William his son after whose coming into England I made this Charter and who created me Earl of Surrey c. To him succeeded his son 17 And marry'd the daughter of Hugh Earl of Vermandois whereupon his posterity as some suppose us'd the Arms of Vermandois His son William dying in the Holy Land about 1142. and his grandchild by a son of the same name But this last had only a daughter who brought the same title first to William King Stephen's son and afterwards to Hamelin base son of Geoffrey Plantagenet Earl of Anjou But the first husband dying without issue Hamelin had by her William Earl of Surrey whose posterity taking the name of Warrens bore the same title This William marry'd the eldest daughter and coheir of William Marshal Earl of Pembroke widow of Hugh Bigod and had by her John 18 Who slew Alan de la Zâ—rich in presence of the Judges of the Realm and John by Alice daughter of Hugh le * Earls of March in â—â—â—nce Brune sister by the mother's side to K. Henry 3. had William who dy'd before his father and had by Joanna Vere daughter of the Earl of Oxford John who was born after the death of his father and was last Earl of this family He was as I learnt from his seal Earl of Warren Surrey Strathern in Scotland Lord of Bromfeld and Yale and Count Palatine But he dying without lawful issue in the 23d of Edward 3. his sister and heiress Alice was marry'd to Edmund Earl of Arundel and by that marriage brought this honour into the family of the Arundels 19 For Richard their son who marry'd in the House of Lancaster after his father was wickedly beheaded for siding with his Sovereign King Edward 2 by the malignant envy of the Queen was both Earl of Arundel and Surrey and left both Earldoms to Richard his son who contrariwise lost his head for siding against his Sovereign K. Richard 2. But Thomas his Son to repair his Father's dishonour lost his life for his Prince and Country in France leaving his sisters his heirs for the lands not entailed who were marry'd to Thomas Mowbray Duke of Norfolk c. to Sir Rowland Lenthall and Sir William Beauchampe Lord of Abergavenny from which it came at last by the Mowbrays to the Howards For Thomas Mowbray marry'd the eldest sister and coheir of Thomas Fitz-Alan Earl of Arundel and Surrey In the mean time 20 After the execution of Richard Earl of Arundel Richard 2. conferr'd the title of Duke of Surrey upon Thomas Holland Earl of Kent who notwithstanding did not long enjoy that honour For secretly endeavouring to rescue the same Richard then taken prisoner and to restore him to his Crown his plot unexpectedly was discover'd and himself making his escape was seiz'd by the town of Cirencester and beheaded Next Thomas de Beaufort who was the King's Chancellor bore this honour if we may believe Thomas Walsingham For he tells us that in the year 1410. The Lord Tho. Beaufort Earl of Surrey dy'd But let Walsingham make good his assertion for there is no such thing appears in the King's Records only that Thomas de Beaufort was about that time made Chancellor 'T is evident however from the publick Records of the Kingdom that King Henry 6. in the 29th year of
here a Castle now more than ruinous they were Founders of the adjacent Abby of Kingswood of the Cistercian order w 15 Derived from Tintern whom Maud the Empress greatly enriched The males of this House failed in the time of King Richard 2. and the Heir General was married to Cantelow Within one mile of this where the river Cam lately spoken of springeth is Uleigh a seat also of the Barkleys descended from the Barons Barkley styled of Uleigh and Stoke-Giffard who were found Coheirs to J. Baron Boutetort descended from the Baron Zouch of Richard Castles aliàs Mortimer and the Somerys Lords of Dueley And not far eastward we behold Beverstone-castle Beverston formerly belonging to the Gournys and Ab-Adams Ab-Adams who flourish'd under Edward 1. but afterwards to the Knightly family of the Berkleys x Hitherto I have made cursory remarks upon those places in this County which are situate beyond or upon Severn now I will pass forward to the easterly parts which I observ'd were hilly to wit Cotswold Cotswold which takes it's name from the hills and sheepcotes for mountains and hills 16 Without woods the Englishmen in old times termed Woulds Would what in English upon which account the ancient Glossary interprets the Alps of Italy the Woulds of Italy Upon these hills are fed large flocks of sheep with the whitest wool having long necks and square Bodies by reason as is supposed of their hilly and short pasture whose fine wool is much valued in foreign nations Under the side of these hills as it were in a neighbourhood together lye these following places most remarkable for their Antiquity y 17 Beginning at the north-east end of them Campden Campden commonly called Camden a noted market town where as John Castor averrs all the Kings of the Saxon Race had a congress in the year 689 and had a common consult how to carry on the war joyntly against the Britains which town 16 Weston and Biselay were in the possession of Hugh Earl of Chester in William the Conqueror's time Inq. 2. Ed. 2. was in the possession of Hugh Earl of Chester and from his posterity descended 17 By Nicolao de Albeniaco an Inheritrice to the ancient Earls of Arundel unto Roger de Somery by Nicholas de Albeniaco to Roger de Somery z h This place is in Warwickshire Adjoyning unto it is Weston of no great antiquity but now remarkable for the stately house there built by Ralph Sheldon for him and his posterity which at a great distance makes a fine prospect Hales Hales a most flourishing Abbey built by Richard Earl of Cornwal and King of the Romans 18 Who was there buried with his wife Sanchia daughter to the Earl of Provence famous for its scholar Alexander de Hales a great master of that knotty and subtile sort of school divinity aa 19 As he carried away the sirname of Doctor Irrefragabilis that is the Doctor ungainsaid as he that could not be gainsaid Sudley Sudley formerly Sudleagh i The neat Church here was ruin'd in the Civil wars and the best part of the Castle is since pull'd down a beautiful castle lately the seat 20 Of Sir Tho. Seimor Baron Seimor of Sudley and Admiral of England attainted in the time of K. Edw. 6 and afterward of Sir John Bruges whom Q. Mary c. of Giles Bruges Baron of Chandos Barons of Chandos whose grandfather John was honoured by Queen Mary with that title because he derived his pedigree from the ancient family of Chandos out of which there flourish'd in the reign of K. Edw. 3. 21 Sir John a famous Banneret L. of Caumont and Kerkitou in France John Chandos Viscount St. Saviours in France eminent for his services and great success in war The former Lords hence called Barons of Sudley Barons of Sudley that lived here were of an ancient English Race deducing their original from Goda the daughter of K. Aethelred whose son Ralph Medantinus Earl of Hereford was the father of Harold Lord of Sudley whose progeny long continued here until for want of issue male the heiress married with 22 Sir William William Butler of the family of Wem and brought him a son named Thomas He was father of Ralph Lord high Treasurer of England whom Hen. 6. created Baron of Sudley 23 With a fee of 200 marks yearly and who new built this castle His sisters were married into the families of Northbury and Belknape by which their possessions were in a short time divided into different families Hard by this is Toddington Toddington where the Tracies Tracies of a worshipful and ancient family have long flourished and formerly received many favours from the Barons of Sudley But how in the first reformation of religion William Tracy Lord of this place was censured after his death his body being dug up and burn'd publickly for some slight words in his last Will which those times call'd heretical or how in preceding times another William Tracy imbrued his hands in the blood of Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury Ecclesiastical writers having told us at large is now no part of my business to relate Winchelcomb Winchelcomb is here seated which is a populous town where Kenulph the Mercian King erected a Monastery and upon the day of it's consecration freely dismissed Edbricth King of Kent then his prisoner without any ransome paid 'T is scarce credible in what great repute this monastery was for the sake of the reliques of K. Kenesm a child of 7 years old whom his sister privately bereaved of his life to gain the inheritance and who was by that age added to the number of martyrs The neighbourhood of this place was formerly reckoned as a County or Sheriffdom by it self for we find in an ancient manuscript belonging to the Church of Worcester these words Edric sirnamed Streona that is the * Adquisitor Acquirer who under Ethelred and afterwards under Cnute or Canute presided and reigned as a Viceroy over all England adjoyned the Sheriffdom of Winchelcombe which was then an entire thing in it self to the County of Glocester bb 24 Thence I found nothing memorable but near the fountain of Churn river Coberley a seat of a stem of Barkeleis so often named even from the Conquest which matched with an heir of Chandos and so came hereditarily to the Bruges progenitors to the Lords Chandos Then by Bird-lip-hill whereby we ascended to this high Coteswold Lower in the County lyeth Brimesfield Brimesfield where the Giffords were formerly Lords Giffords Barons to whom by marriage with the Cliffords came a plentiful Estate but soon after having only daughters it fell to the Lords Le Strange of Blackmer the Audleys and others cc These places are situate amongst the hills but under the hills upon the East-confines of the County I saw that famous Roman highway call'd the Fosse
whom those Mortimers that were afterwards Earls of March were descended Of these more in Radnorshire Three miles off there is another neighbouring Castle call'd Richard's-Castle 〈…〉 possessed first by the Sayes then by the Mortimers and afterwards by the Talbots At length by the daughters of J. Talbot the inheritance was divided betwixt Guarin Archdeacon and Matthew Gurnay i Beneath this Castle Nature which no where sports her self more in shewing wonders than in the waters hath brought forth a little Well which is always full of small fish-bones or as others think small frog-bones notwithstanding it is ever now and then emptied and clear'd of them whence 't is commonly call'd Bone-Well 〈◊〉 Wâ—ll And not far off stands Croft-Castle belonging to the famous and very ancient and knightly family of the Crofts k Thence the Wye bends his course to Lemster called also Leonminster and Leonis Monasterium from a Lion that c The Lion is said to have appear'd to King Merwald and that upon this he began to build the Nunnery Lel. Itin. MS. appear'd in a Vision as some have dream'd but by the Britains Lhan-Lieni which signifying a Church of Nuns and it being certain that Merewalch a Mercian King founded here a Church for Nuns which was afterwards a Cell belonging to the Monastery of Reading to seek after another Original of the name what were it else but labouring to no purpose And yet there are some which derive it from Linum Flax the best kind of which grows here But it now glories chiefly in it's Wool in the neighbouring parts round about commonly call'd Lemster Ore which excepting that of Apulia and Tarentum is by all Europe accounted the best 〈…〉 Wool It is also so famous for Wheat and the finest White bread 〈…〉 and 〈◊〉 that Lemster-Bread and Weabley-Ale a town belonging to the noble family of D'Eureux are grown a common Proverb By reason of â—â—ese Commodities the markets of Lemster were very much frequented and they of Hereford and Worcester observing it were so invidious that they oblig'd them by virtue of the King's authority to alter their Market-day complaining that the confluence of people thither impaired their markets I have nothing more to add concerning Lemster but that William Breosa Lord of Brecknock when he revolted from King John set it on fire and defac'd it l As for Webley â—â—â—ey it is seated more within the Country and was the Barony of the Verdons the first of which family â—â—cs Verâ— Bertram de Verdon came into England with the Normans whose posterity by marriage with one of the heirs of the Laceys of Trim in Ireland were for some time hereditary Constables of Ireland but at last the estate devolved by daughters to the Furnivals Burghersh the Ferrers of Groby Crophull and from the Crophulls by the Ferrars of Chartley to the D'Evereux's Earls of Essex Near neighbours unto Webley but more westward are Huntingdon-Castle formerly belonging to the Bohuns Earls of Hereford and Essex Kinnersley to the ancient house of De-la-bere and Erdsley where the famous and ancient family of the Baskerviles have long inhabited â—â—â—â—le â— Gâ—â—â—â—â— which bred in old time so many noted Knights they deduce their original from a Niece of Gunora that most celebrated Norman Lady who long ago flourished in this County and its neighbour Shropshire and held to note so much by the by the Hamlet of Lanton in Capite 〈…〉 3. as of the Honour of Montgomery by the service of giving the King one barbed Arrow as often as he came into those parts to hunt in Cornedon-Chace The Lugg now hastens to the Wye first by Hampton where Rowland Lenthall Master of the Wardrobe to King Hen. 4. who married one of the heirs of Thomas Earl of Arundel built a very fine house which the Coningsbeys a family of note in this tract have for a good while inhabited 〈◊〉 Thence by Marden 〈◊〉 and Southon or Sutton of which Sutton shews some small remains of King Offa's palace infamous for the murder of K. Ethelbert and Marden is noted for the tomb of the said K. Ethelbert who for a long time lay bury'd here in obscurity before he was translated to Hereford m Near the conflux of the Lugg and the Wye eastward a Hill which they call Marcley Hill Marcley-Hill in the year 2 1571. 1575. roused it self up as it were out of a sleep and for three days together shoving its prodigious body forward with a horrible roaring noise A moving Mountâ—in and overturning all that stood in its way advanced it self to the great astonishment of the beholders to a higher station by that kind of Earthquake I suppose which the Naturalists call Brasmatia n Not far from hence towards the East likewise under Malvern-hills by which the east-side of this County is here bounded stands Ledbury Ledbury upon the river Ledden a town of note which †Walter Mapes calls him Alvodus and says he was the son of Edricus Sylvester Lib. de Nug. Curial 2. cap. 11. Edwin the Saxon a man of great power gave to the Church of Hereford being persuaded that he was cured of the Palsie by the intercession of St. Ethelbert As for the Military works on the neighbour hill I need say nothing of them since in this tract which was the marches and the seat of war first between the Romans and the Britains afterwards between the Britains and the Saxons such Forts and Entrenchments are to be seen in many places o Now the Wye enlarg'd by the influx of the Lugg fetches a more winding compass first by Holme Lacy the seat of the ancient and noble family of Scudamores Scudamore or Escudamor which much advanced it self by matching with an heiress of the House of Ewias in this County and Huntercombe c. elsewhere From hence the Wye runs down between Rosse 3 Made a free Borough by King Hen. 3. noted for Smiths and Wilton Wilton over against it a very ancient Castle of the Greys Baron Grey of Wilton from which family so many famous persons of that sirname have descended It was built as common report goes by Hugh Long-champ But publick records assure us that King John gave Wilton with the Castle to Henry Long-champ and that it fell by marriage to William Fitz-Hugh and likewise not long after in King Edward the first 's time to Reginald Grey Now after the Wye has run a little lower and saluted Goderich Castle Goderich-Castle which King John gave to William Earl Marshal and which was afterwards the principal seat of the Talbots it takes leave of Herefordshire and bends its course to the County of Monmouth p In the declension of the Saxon Government Earls of Hereford Ralph son to Walter Medantin by Goda King Edward the Confessor's sister govern'd this County as an Official Earl But the Normans divested him of this honour and substituted in his
formerly a little Monastery z and to Bethmesley the seat of the famous family of Claphams of which was J. Clapham a famous souldier in the Wars between York and Lancaster Hence it passes by Ilekely â—â—a â—â—â—y which I imagine to be the Olicana in Ptolemy both from its situation in respect of York and the resemblance of the two names It is without question an ancient town for not to mention those engrav'd Roman pillars lying now in the Churchyard and elsewhere it was rebuilt in Severus's time by â—â—â—â—on'd â—â—â—an 〈◊〉 ceâ—â—â— â—â—ar 〈◊〉 Virius Lupus Legate and Propraetor of Britain as we are informed by an Inscription lately dug up near the Church IM SEVERVS AVG. ET ANTONINVS CAES. DESTINATVS RESTITVERVNT CV RANTE VIRIO LVPO â—â—gato 〈◊〉 Prâ—â—â—â— LEG EORVM ‖ PR PR That the second Cohort of the Lingones quartered here is likewise shewed us by an old Altar I have seen there now put under a pair of stairs and inscribed by the â—â—â—â—ct Captain of the second Cohort of the Lingones to Verbeia perhaps the Nymph or Goddess of the Wherf the river called Verbeia I suppose from the likeness of the two words VERBEIAE SACRVM Verbeia fl vel Nympha CLODIVS FRONTO PRAEF COH II LINGON For Rivers says Gildas in that age had divine honours paid them by the ignorant Britains Epist 41. And Seneca tells us of Altars dedicated to them We worship the heads of great rivers and we raise altars to their first springs And Servius says that every river was presided by some Nymph or other In the walls of the Church there is this other imperfect Inscription RVM CAES. AVG. ANTONINI ET VERI JOVI DILECTI CAECILIVS PRAEF COH aa I found nothing in my search up and down the Church for pieces of Roman Antiquity but the portraicture of Sir Adam Middleton armed and cut out in stone who seems to have liv'd in Edward the 1.'s reign His posterity remain still in the neighbourhood at a place called Stubham bb Somewhat lower stands Otley Otley which belongs to the Archbishop of York memorable for nothing but its situation under a huge craggy Cliff called Chevin Chevin For the ridge of a mountain is in British Chevin Chevin what it signifies and so that long ridge of mountains in France which formerly us'd the same language with our Britains is called Gevenna Gevenna and Gebenna From hence the river flows in a chanel bank'd on both sides with Lime-stone by Harewood Harewood where stands a neat and strong Castle which has always chang'd its master as the times turn'd It was formerly the Curcies but went from them with Alice the heiress of that family to Warren Fitz-Gerold who married her Placit 1. Joan. Rot. 10. in D. Monstr le droit 35 Ed. 1. and had issue Margery who being one of his heirs and a great fortune was first married to Baldwin de Ripariis son to the Earl of Devonshire who died before his father and then by King John's means to Falcatius de Brent a favourite upon account of his great service in pillaging Afterwards Isabel de Ripariis Countess of Devonshire dying without issue this Castle fell to Robert de Lisle the son of Warren as a relation Lords de Insula or Lisle and one of her heirs At last by those of Aldborough it came to the Rithers as I learn'd from Fr. Thinn who with great judgment and diligence has long studied the Antiquities of this Kingdom cc Nor must I forget to take notice of a place just by called Gawthorp remarkable for that ancient and virtuous family the Gascoigns Gascoigns descended very probably from Gascoigne in France Hence the course of the river Wherf is by Wetherby Wetherby a notable trading town which has no remains of Antiquity but only a place under it called Helensford where a Roman military way has lain through the river dd Then by Tadcaster Tadcaster a very small town which yet I cannot but think was the same with Calcaria Calcaria both from the distance name and nature of the soil especially since it is agreeable to the opinion of Mr. Robert Marshall of Rickerton a person of excellent judgment for 't is just nine Italian miles from York which is the distance of Calcaria from it in Antoninus And Limestone which is the main ingredient in mortar is no where to be found all about but plentifully here from whence it is conveyed to York and all the Country round for the use of building This Limestone was call'd by the Britains the Saxons and the Northern English after the manner of the Latins Calc For that imperious City not only impos'd her Laws upon those she had subdu'd Câ—lcarienses De Decurâ—onibus l. 27. Roman Language in the Provinces Augustin l. 9. de Civit Dei but her Language too and Calcarienses in the Theodosian Code is used to denote them who burnt this Limestone from whence one might not improbably infer that this town had the name Calcaria from the Limestone found there like the city Chalcis from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 brass Ammon from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 sand Pteleon from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 elms and perhaps the city Calcaria in Clive from the word Calx Especially considering that Bede calls it Calca-cester who tells us farther that k Heina the first woman of this Country that turned Nun came to this City and lived in it Again here is by the town a hill called Kelcbar which still retains something of the old name For other proofs of Antiquity not to mention its situation near a Roman Consular way there are many Coins of Roman Emperours digged up in it the marks of a trench quite round the town and the platform of an old Castle still remaining out of the ruins of which a bridge was made over the Wherf not many years ago Not far from this bridge the Wherf glides gently into the Ouse And really considering the many currents that fall into it this so shallow and easie stream from the bridge is very strange and might well give occasion to what a certain Gentleman that passed it in the summer-time said of it Itinerary of T. Edes Nil Tadcaster habet Musis vel carmine dignum Praeter magnificè structum sine flumine pontâ—m Nothing in Tadcaster deserves a name But the fair bridge that 's built without a stream Yet if he had travell'd this way in winter he would have thought the bridge little enough for the river For as Natural Philosophers know very well the quantity of water in springs and rivers ever depends upon the inward or outward heat and cold 10 Whereupon in his return he finding here durt for dust and full current water under the bridge recanted with these Verses Quae Tadcaster erat sine flumine pulvere plena Nunc habet immensum fluvium pro pulvere lutum ee Nid