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A59136 The history of England giving a true and impartial account of the most considerable transactions in church and state, in peace and war, during the reigns of all the kings and queens, from the coming of Julius Cæsar into Britain : with an account of all plots, conspiracies, insurrections, and rebellions ... : likewise, a relation of the wonderful prodigies ... to the year 1696 ... : together with a particular description of the rarities in the several counties of England and Wales, with exact maps of each county / by John Seller ... Seller, John, fl. 1658-1698. 1696 (1696) Wing S2474; ESTC R15220 415,520 758

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into three Ranks 1. Poor by Impotency 2. The Poor by Casualty 3. The Thriftless Poor And soon after this the King fell Sick of a Languishing Disease which began with a Hectick Feaver and by degrees inclined to a Consumption When Northumberland who had gotten the power into his hands was Plotting how if the King Dyed he might get the Crown into his Family and at last concluded to lay his Project with the Duke of Suffolk which was That his Youngest Son Dudley Lord Gilford should Marry the Duke of Suffolk's Eldest Daughter the Lady Jane who was of the Blood Royal and that they would prevail with the King to Disinherit his two Sisters and by his Will appoint her Queen if the Dutchess of Suffolk would be so contented whose Right was before her Daughter And indeed this Northumberland prevailed with the Languishing King to do under a specious pretence of securing the Reformed Religion on which to serve his ends he laid a mighty stress tho' himself was not much concern'd for any as will appear in the next Reign Upon this account divers Marriages were contracted and the Nuptials celebrated viz. The Pious and Virtuous Lady Jane Eldest Daughter to the Duke of Suffolk in a fatal hour was Married to the Lord Guilford Dudley Fourth Son to the Earl of Northumberland for all his other Sons were Matched before Catharine another Daughter of the Earl of Suffolk's was Married to the Earl of Pembrooks eldest Son and Mary a third Daughter some what deformed to Caies the Kings Master Porter and the Duke of Northumberland gave Catharine his youngest Daughter to the Lord Hastings Son to the Earl of Huntington Whilst these things were doing the Kings Sickness much encreased for Northumberland had displaced his Physitians and put him into the hands of a Woman to cure who it is thought hastened him to his Grave for no sooner had they procured him by his Will which was read in the hearing of the Counselors Judges c. And confirmed by their Assents to Disinherit Mary and Elizabeth his Sisters whose Interest as Northumberland said was so closely Joyned that if the Crown fell to either of them it must first come to the Lady Mary who was a professed Papist and not by any entreaties to be brought over to the Reformed Religion and by his said Will to appoint the Lady Jane his Successor but plain Symptoms of Death appeared And not above Three Hours before he Dyed thinking no body had been near he thus Piously Prayed Lord God deliver me out of this Miserable and Wretched Life Take me amongst thy Chosen howbeit not my will but thy will be done Lord I Commit my Spirit to Thee O Lord thou knowest how Happy it were for me to be with thee yet for thy Chosens sake if it be thy will send me Life and Health that I may truly Serve thee O my Lord Bless thy People and save thine Inheritance O Lord God save thy Chosen People of England O my Lord God defend this Realm from Popery and maintain thy True Religion that I and my People may Praise thy Holy Name Amen About three hours afterward he said I faint Lord have mercy upon me and receive my Spirit and so yielded up the Ghost The Conjectures how this Sickness came upon the King were various among the People some that it was caused by his smelling to an Impoisoned Nosegay presented him for a New-Years-Gift others That Northumberland's Woman purposely destroyed him and such indeed was then that Dukes power that though the King's Physitians shook their Heads as much grieved yet they durst not utter their Minds He was a Prince exceeding Pious and Learned to a Miracle considering his Years in Latin Greek French Italian Spanish Musick Logick c. He Dyed the 6th of July Anno Dom. 1553 in the 7th Year of his Reign and the 16th of his Age having Reigned 6 Years 5 Months and 8 Days and was Buried without any great Solemnity at Westminster In this Kings Reign one George Paris a German was Burnt in Smithfield for Arianisme in denying the Divinity of our Saviour Three Whales and divers Dolphins were taken in the Thames and on the Coast A Woman at Middleton near Oxford brought forth a Monstrous Child with two Heads and two Bodies joyned together of the Female Sex and all other Members proportionable the Bodies being as it were Head and Tail one Head at one end and the other at t'other it Lived 14 Days and was killed at last by Cold in being too often exposed naked to satisfy Peoples curiosity A great blow of Gunpowder was given in a House near the Tower which killed Fifteen Gunpowder-Makers shattered divers Houses and wounded many Persons in them Remarks on the Principallity of Wales THE Principallity of Wales does strictly contain but Twelve Counties and is commonly Divided into North-Wales and South-Wales North-Wales Contains Flimshire Merionethshire Anglesey Montgomeryshire Carnarvanshire Denbeighshire South-Wales Contains Cardiganshire Glamorganshire Pembrookshire Brecknockshire Caermarthenshire Radnorshire Of each of which I shall give you a brief Account Alphabetically 1. ANGLESETY Island called Mam Cimbiae or The Mother of Wales for its Fertility Rich Pastures breeding store of Cattle c. It is divided from Carnarvanshire by the Water or River Mennay the rest incompassed with the Irish Sea It contains 6 Hundreds 74 Parishes 2 Market Towns 4 Rivers 8 Bridges and 2 Chases It sends Members to Parliament 2 viz. Beaumaris 1 and a Knight of the Shire This Town was Built by King Edward the First and stands advantageous for a Passage to Ireland Newborough is a place of Antiquity and once a Court of the British Princes The chief Rivers are Llinnon Guynt Keveny Alow and Brant THE PRINCIPALITY OF WALES By John Seller 3. CARDIGANSHIRE lies on its West part commodious to the Irish Sea and the rest Bounded by Caermardenshire Pembrookshire Brecknockshire Radnorshire Montgomery and Monmouthshire It is very Hilly tho' well Watered with Rivers and has in divers places large Mears and Pools It containes 5 Hundreds 64 Parishes 4 Market Towns and has a Bishop belonging to it It s principal River is Tivy which Waters its South Borders and branches into the County and in it are 13 Bridges and 1 Park It sends Members to Parliament 2 viz. Cardegan 1 and 1 Knight of the Shire Cardigan the Shire Town was Walled about and Fortified with a Castle by Gilbert D' Clare who was Lord of the whole County by the Gift of King Henry the First 4. CARNARVANSHIRE has in it divers Meers and Pools some branching Rivers and a sprinkling of Hills It affords some Corn store of Pasture and a considerable quantity of Cattle It is Bounded on the West by the Irish Sea and the Isle of Anglesey and the South has the Sea flowing to it as likewise the North so that what remaines to the Land-ward is Bounded by Denbighshire and Merionethshire It contains 7 Hundreds 68 Parishes 6 Market Towns 17 Rivers
labouring to destroy the Hugonots or Protestant Party in France constrained them for the safety of their Lives to fall into a Civil War The Queen assisted the latter and had Haverdegrace and New Haven put into her Hands as Cautionary Towns for the reimbursment of her Charges when things should be settled and to keep them firm to her Interest so that they should not make a Peace without her consent and hereupon she sent them 6000 Men under the Command of the Lord Ambrose Dudley and kept the Seas with a considerable Navy Whilst matters went thus Abroad Designs were carrying on against the Queen at Home whereupon divers of Note especially those descended of the Blood Royal by the two Daughters of Henry the Seventh were Imprisoned And she calling a Parliament an Act passed for Assurance of the Queens Royal Power and Authority over all Estates and Subjects within her Dominions And further Enacted That the Oath of Supremacy should be administered to all Persons for the better discovery of such as sided with the Pope against her which much startled the Papists and made them quiet for a time In the mean while the Prince of Conde one of the chief Leaders of the French Protestants being Overthrown at the Battel of Derux was taken Prisoner as likewise Sir Nicholas Trockmorton who paying his Ransom was set at Liberty But the Admiral Chastillion took so many Places as startled the Guises insomuch that they consented to an Edict of Pacification whereby the Princes were to be restored to the French Kings Favour Conde alured with the hopes of the Lieutenancy of France and a Marriage with the Queen of Scots the Hugonets to enjoy the freedom of their Religion c. The Agreement was suddainly made and the English not only treacherously Abandoned but they Joyned with the Papists to drive them out of the places they held and straightly Besieged New Haven which by reason of the Plague raged grievously in it they had Surrendered to them But the Spanish Greatness threatning England and the French offering reasonable Terms a Peace was concluded between the two Crowns and Ratified upon their delivering Hostages to pay the Queen at a set time a large Sum of Money upon which the French King was Invested with the Order of the Garter Hereupon the Spaniard in a fret prohibited all Commerce between the English and his Subjects which made the Queen remove the Wooll-Mart from Antwerp to Ems in Frizland but the Low Countries being much Impoverished thereby the Edict was Repealed and now the Queen made her great Favourite Sir Robert Dudley Lord Denbigh Earl of Leicester Knight of the Garter Chancellor of Oxford and Master of the Horse and this she seemed to do the better to qualify him for a Husband for the Queen of Scots but it swelled him to that Ambition that he soon aspired to make pretentions to herself and the Queen of Scots soon after Married the Lord Darnly Son to the Duke of Lenox of the Royal Blood and of this Marriage was born James the Sixth of Scotland and first of England This not only displeased Queen Elizabeth but the greater part of the Scots Nobility because he was scarce 20 Years of Age and easie to be sway'd any way However he was sollemnly Crowned King but by the contrivance of Murray the Queen of Scots Bastard Brother and others he some time after was Blown-up in his Lodging and his mangled Body thrown by the force of the Pouder into the Garden The Parliament of England meeting again humbly besought the Queen to Marry but she still declined it Shortly after the Queen of Scots falling into a Languishing condition Recommended her Son to the Protection of Queen Elizabeth yet Recovering Earl Bothwell suspected to be one with Murray in destroying Darnley was forced to fly the Kingdom and Murray raised a Party against the Queen to Depose her when after some contesting being over-powered she fled into England and craved Queen Elizabeth's Protection but by the Advice of some Counselours bribed by Murray's Faction in stead of allowing her tho' near in Blood that favour she was committed a Prisoner in the custody of the Earl of Shrewsbury and after 20 Years Confinement lost her Head for holding Correspondencies with the Papists to take away the Life of the Queen A Passage having been discovered by the English to Russia and great Privileges granted to the Merchants The Czar or Emperour of Moscovy and Russia sent his Ambassadors to Queen Elizabeth with Rich presents of Furrs and such other Commodities as his Country yielded and with them one Anthony Jenkinson an Englishman who had first Sailed the Caspian Sea his demands was to make a League Offensive and Defensive with her but by reason of the distance of the place the Queen agreed not to the former but left the latter indifferent and so the Ambassadors having been highly Treated were dismissed with a return of Presents In Ireland Shan O Neal fell into Rebellion but being defeated by the English and throwing himself on the Hebridians he was by them Slain after a seeming kind reception and the Earl of Desmond was seized and sent Prisoner to England and Sir John Hawkins being in America with some Ships and contrary to the Capitulation set-upon by the Spaniard his Goods rifled and some of his Men slain the English Nation was so exasperated with the Treachery that they demanded a War with Spain which however at that time was not granted for the Queen having taken the French Protestants who were cruelly Persecuted under Charles the Ninth was employed to support them with Money and Ammunition and in providing for such a fled hither tho' they had basely abandoned her at New Haven But the Duke of Alva the King of Spains General making fierce War in the Low Countries he brought in the Inquisition to Extirpate the Protestant Religion There there happened an Accident that opened a Breach between England and Spain viz. Vast Sums of Money being sent in a Spanish Ship by Italian Merchants to be Imployed in the Bank in the Low Countries for the ruin of the Protestants there those Vessells were Chased upon the English Coast by some French Men of War and the Money being brought on Shoar the Queen was Advised by her Privy Council to stay it and give the Merchants Owners Security for the Repaiment of it Whereupon the Duke of Alva caused all the Goods and Effects of the English in the Low Countries to be seized and the Queen caused the same to be done by the Dutch Merchants in England which were of greater Value and Commerce being Prohibited the English removed the Staple to Hamb rough and the Privatie●s set out so greatly Endamaged the Spaniard that the Queen was forced to restrain them yet the Duke of Alva secretly practised to raise Rebellion in England and Ireland and the Earls of Northumberland Westmorland and others did make an Insurrection in the North being Instigated to it by Morton a
contrary to the Mind of his People in general and to despite them the more took him into his particular Favour Vowing if it lay in his power he would willingly share the Kingdom with him heaping Honours on him and Liberally opening his Coffers to him so that he no sooner asked but his desires were granted This much perplexed the Nobles and made them Remonstrate to the King the ill consequences that were likely to follow on such his Proceedings putting him in mind of his dying Fathers charge to him and urging many other things but he little regarded them so that perceiving the King entirely to doat on this upstart Favourite who thereupon grew very Proud and Insolent advancing him to the Barony of Wallingford and Earldom of Cornwal making him Master of his Jewels and Treasure a great part of which he sent beyond the Seas to provide for himself against such a Storm as he might reasonably expect They for a time held their peace tho' they inwardly grieved at the Miscarriage of things The King was now Married to Isabel Daughter to Philip the French King a Lady of admirable Beauty but of a haughty Mind impatient of Injuries yet this Loose Favourite to cross her because he stood not high in her esteem laboured by introducing fresh Beauties to the King to Alienate him from her Society and Bed carried him often to Revellings and made him Drink to Excess that his Conscience might not find any deliberate time to Check him for his Lawless Enterprizes The Queen at this was both Grieved and Angry labouring however by all mild ways and endearing perswasions to Reclaim the King laying before him his Unkindness to one that so tenderly Loved and Honoured him and the Scandal and Contempt he would cause of himself among his People if he who was placed in so eminent a Station to give good Examples to others as Patterns for them to follow shewed in himself such an evil one Intreating him to follow the Prudence and Heroick Virtues of his Father and not despising the sober Advice of his Grave Counsellors harken to and be lead away by base Parasites and Flatterers But the King not regarding what she said tho' the People at the same time greatly Murmured and spoke evil of him for his Loose and Un-Princely manner of Living as also of Gaveston to whom they bore an irreconcileable hatred The Nobles found themselves constrained for redressing these Mischiefs and preventing greater that threatened the Kingdom To Petition the King for Gaveston's Banishment wherein they set forth his evil Practices and Faults with the Sorrow of his Majesties best affected Subjects for that he more than was fit or comely was Guided and Governed by that unworthy Favourite earnestly entreating his Highness he would be pleased for preventing such Mischiefs as were otherwise likely to ensue To Banish that Lewd Person from his Court and Kingdom The King upon this fearing some danger threatned if he refused to comply with his Nobles whom he found resolutely bent no longer to suffer such Indignities as Gaveston had put upon them tho' much against his will agreed he should be sent into Ireland which accordingly was done yet the King sent after him many comfortable Messages and at length constituted him his Lieutenant of that Kingdom sending him store of Plate Jewels and Corn to maintain his State and Gran●ure by which he might conclude his Banishment but ●n Honourable Embassy and an occasion presented ●hereby to the King to make him more Rich and Po●ent Besides all this the Kings discontents and passions ●or his Absence appeared to be so many and great That the Nobles were grieved for the perplexities of ●is Mind which made them in hopes of his Favourites ●●ture amendment of all things that had been found ●miss in him after this Humbling of their own accord Petition the King that he might be Recalled But ●ike the Leopards Spots his Vices were so natural to him and so inherent in him that he was nothing changed but upon his return grew more Insolent than ●ever which occasioned him but a short time for at the ●ncessant Importunities of the Nobles he was again Banished into Flanders yet remained not long ere the King impatient of his Absence Recalled him without the consent of his Nobles and to Agrandize him the more Married him to his Kinswoman the Earl of Glocesters Daughter a Virtuous and Honourable Lady when bearing himself much on this Alliance he grew to such a height that he scorned the greatest Peers in England and in his State Attendance and Table out●ied even the King Glorying and openly boasting how he Ruled the King and by what ways he had misle● him This however did him no kindness for the King ●●●ding he could no longer Protect him against the potent Nobles and the clamours of the Common People which ●hreatned ruin in his stay he was constrained to part with him a Third time But the ●oise and discontents by his Absence was no sooner pacified and alay'd but the King sent to him privately to Return tho' very fatal to him for upon his Landing entering into the Castle of Scarborough he was there Besieged and taken by the Earl of Warwick and with the consent of the Earls of Lancaster and Hereford carried to Warwick-Castle and Beheaded The King had no sooner notice of the untimely end of his Favourite but in a vehement passion he Cursed those Noblemen and expressed his Anger and Vows of Revenge in many threatning terms But Time rendering him cooler and the Reasons that were given for their hasty Proceedings he Pardoned them in consideration that all which belonged to Gaveston should be put into his hands However his inclinations were such that he could not be long without a Favourite to whom he might impart his Secrets on all occasions wherefore he made Sr. Hugh Spencer and Hugh his Son of his Cabinet Council raising them from a mean Estate to Lord it over the Nobles and whatever he did of any importance was by their Advice and Direction he made the Elder of them Earl of Winchester and gave to both of them many Honourable Places and Offices which caused them to become more Insolent than Gaveston and altogether as much hated in a little time Robert Bruce mentioned in the foregoing Reign upon notice of these Disorders in England thought it was now a fit time for him to possess himself of the Crown of Scotland and therefore returning from Norway he was Joyfully received by the Scots as well Nobles as Commons and was by them a second time Crowned King whereupon he Levied a great Army and entered into the English Marches miserably wasting the Country as he passed with Fire and Sword which made King Edward shake off his soft repose and hasten to the Field whose coming put a stop to the torent and made the Scots retire beyond the Tweed Whereupon King Edward having strengthened his Army entered Scotland doing great Damage but was at Bannocks Bourn