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A43651 A discourse of the soveraign power in a sermon preached at St. Mary Le Bow, Nov. 28, 1682, before the Artillery Company of London, and now published at their desire / by George Hickes ... Hickes, George, 1642-1715. 1682 (1682) Wing H1845; ESTC R2173 18,621 42

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they also promised and bound themselves to defend the King's Crown and Regality against the Papal Jurisdiction and to live and dye with the same And in the 35 Hen. VIII 11. the first oath of Supremacy which acknowledges the King supreme Head upon earth under God was also formed against the Papal Jurisdiction which made Arch-Bishop Cranmer in Queen Mary's days refuse to answer the Bishop of Glocester who sate in judgment upon him by commission from Rome for which refusal he apologized in a Letter to the Queen urging his Oath of Allegiance to the contrary and telling her Majesty that it could not but grieve the heart of any natural Subject to be accused as he was of his own Sovereign within her own Realm before an outward Judge But in the second place we may observe what an absurd doctrine it is and how disagreeable to Christian divinity to assert that the sovereign Power is radically and originally seated in the People and derived from them upon the Prince I deny not but that God by his providence may invest the sovereign Power in the body of the people as sormerly in Athens and now in the Cantons of Switzerland and that as formerly in Sparta they may commit the exercise of it unto a single person under the character of King but then such Kings are on●ly equivocal Kings Kings in name but in reality Subjects and have the People for their sovereign Lord who in these unhappy governments as Themistocles calls them in his Epistles are indeed the Ministers of God and ought to be obey'd not onely for wrath but also for Conscience-sake But the opinion that I am speaking against is this that the People are the fountain and foundation of all power and dominion which is understood to be derived from them even upon those whom Custom calls sovereign Princes who are but their trustees or siduciary ministers with whom they have at least a virtual contract and if they do not perform their trust by not using their power to the ends for which they received it or abuse it to contrary ends then they forfeit the power and authority with which they were entrusted by them and ought to be answerable for their defaults I am confident this doctrine cannot be strange to any man that hath cast his eyes never so little upon the seditious Pamphlets of these or the late times It is expressed or implyed taught or insinuated in most of them which infect the unwary the unthinking Vulgar with this Popish principle of Rebellion before they are aware I call it a Popish principle because the Papists of all Christians first taught it to arm the subjects at their pleasure against their Sovereign and by that means to revenge themselves upon the Princes that would not submit unto the Pope And indeed there never was any doctrine better sitted and invented to destroy Monarchi●s than this is for as the unchristian opinion that Episcopacy is an usurpation over the Church makes many people sit so uneasy and discontented under the Episcopal Jurisdiction and hate Bishops So this unchristian doctrine which makes sovereign and independent Princes Usurpers over the peoples liberties must also make all people that believe it uneasy and discontented under Monarchical government and secretly disaffected to the Princes in whose Realms they live This we find by experience in this Kingdom where this most unscriptural and absurd doctrine is taught unscriptural I call it because it is so contrary to the Scriptures of the Old and New Testament which assert such wicked Princes as Tiberius Nebuchadnezzar Claudius and Nero to be the ministers of God and commamds allegiance both in subjection and non-resistence unto them upon that account And as it is most contrary to the Scriptures and the whole strain of primitive Christian Writers so is it in it self chargeable with many absurdities and difficulties which the maintainers thereof cannot answer For first if the sovereign Power be radically and fundamentally seated in the people then there is but one sort of sovereign government in the World viz. Democracy and by consequence all other Sovereigns whether Senates or Princes are Usurpers and ought to be reduced or deposed Secondly They cannot tell us upon this hypothesis whether the supreme Power belongs to all the people promiscuously that have the use of reason without any regard to Sex or condition or onely to qualified persons to Men onely and men of such a condition and sort If men onely have a share and interest in the supreme Power by whose order and authority or by what Salique law of Nature were Women excluded from it who are as usefull members of the Commonwealth and as necessary for humane societies as the men are Who gave the men authority to deprive them of their birthright and set them aside as unsit to meddle with Government when Histories teach us that they have weilded Sceptres as well as Men and Experience shews that there is no natural difference between their understandings and ours nor any defects in their knowledge of things but what Education makes But admitting that the sovereign Power is onely in the Men then they are as hard puzled to tell us whether it b● in all the men that have the use of reason promiscuously or onely in qualified persons of such an age estate or condition If all then young and old masters and servants fathers and children poor and rich must have an equal share and suffrage in the Government which would make an intolerable confusion but if they say some and once set limitations then they can never tell by what order or authority those without the limits which must be the more numerous part of the people are shut out from the Government and from the concerns of the Commonwealth of which they are the greatest part But lastly let us suppose as most of these Commonwealths-men do that the Wife is included with her Husband the Child with the Parent and the Servant with the Master yet what provision is hereby made for all emancipated persons such I mean as have neither husbands parents nor masters must they come in for a share of the Government or not or must onely masters of Families have the whole management and if they must must the poor and rich those that have estates and those that have none have an equal share and interest in it or if they must not whence arises the inequality or who is it that hath authority to give some more power and some less Or if you will suppose a great Number of people not yet under any contract or regular association who can have power to convene them together to appoint times or places for meeting to preside in their assemblies to determine arising doubts to draw up articles of agreement form the scheme of the future Government compute voices and the like and then in their assemblies will the supreme Power rest in the Major or in the wiser or better part and shall