Poles with some others to the number of seaventie persons c. These poore conclusions so affrighted vs all with famine that the President provided for Nâ—ndsamund and tooke with him Captaine Winne and Mr Scrivener then returning from Captaine Newport These people also long denied him not onely the 400 Baskets of Corne thâ—y promised but any trade at all excusing themselues they had â—pent most they had and were commanded by Powhatan to keepe that they had and not to let vs come into their river till we were constrained to begin with them perforce Vpon the discharging of our Muskets they all fled and shot not an Arrow the first house we came to we set on fire which when they perceiued they desired we would make no more spoyle and they would giue vs halfe they had how they collected it I know not but before night they loaded our three Boats and so we returned to our quarter some foure myles downe the River which was onely the open woods vnder the lay of a hill where all the ground was covered with snow and hard frozen the snow we digged away and made a great fire in the place when the ground was well dryed we turned away the fire and covering the place with a mat there we lay very warme To keepe vs from the winde we made a shade of another Mat as the winde turned we turned our shade and when the ground grew cold we remoued the fire And thus many a cold winter night haue wee laine in this miserable manner yet those that most commonly went vpon all those occasions were alwayes in health lusty and sat For sparing them this yeare the nâ—xt yeare they promised to plant purposely for vs and so we returned to Iames towne About this time there was a marriage betwixt Iohn Laydon and Anne Burras which was the first marriage we had in Virginia Long he stayed not but fitting himselfe and Captaine Waldo with two Barges From Chawopoweanock and all parts thereabouts all the people were fled as being iealous of our intents till we discovered the rivâ—r and people of Apamatuck where we found not much that they had we equally divided but gaue them copper and such things as contented them in consideration Master Scrivener and Lieutenant Percie went also abroad but could find nothing The President seeing the procrastinating of time was no course to liue resolved with Captaine Waldo whom he knew to be sure in time of need to surprise Powhatan and all his provision but the vnwillingnesse of Captaine Winne and Master Scrivener for some private respect plotted in England to ruine Captaine Smith did their best to hinder their proiect but the President whom no perswasions could perswade to starue being invited by Powhatan to come vnto him and if he would send him but men to build him a house giue him a gryndstone fiftie swords some peeces a cock and a hen with much copper and beads he would loâ—d his Ship with Corne. The President not ignorant of his devises and subtiltie yet vnwilling to neglect any opportunitie presently sent three Dutch-men and two English having so small allowance few were able to doe any thing to purpose knowing there needed no better a Castle to effect this proiect tooke order with Captaine Waldo to second him if need required Scrivener he left his substitute and set forth with thâ— Pinnace two Barges and fortie-six men which onely were such as voluntarily offered themselues for his Iourney the which by reason of Mr Scriveners ill successe was censured very desperate they all knowing Smith would not returne emptie if it were to be had howsoever it caused many of those that he had appointed to find excuses to stay behinde CHAP. VIII Captaine Smiths Iourney to Pamavnkee THe twentie-nine of December he set forward for Werowocomoco his Company were these In the Discovery Barge himselfe Gent. Robert Behethland Nathanael Graues Iohn Russell Raleigh Chrashow Michael Sicklemore Richard Worley Souldiers Anas Todkill William Loue. William Bentley Ieffrey Shortridge Edward Pising William Ward In the Pinnace Lieutenant Percie brother to the Earle of Northumberland Master Francis West brother to the Lord La Warre William Phittiplace Captaine of the Pinnace Gent. Michael Phittiplace Ieffrey Abbot Serieant William Tankard George Yarington Iames Browne Edward Brinton George Burton Thomas Coe Ionas Profit Master Robert Ford Clarke of the Councell Iohn Dods Souldier Henry Powell Souldier Thomas Gipson David Ellis Nathanael Peacock Saylers Iohn Prat George Acrig Iames Read Nicholas Hancock Iames Watkins Thomas Lambert foure Dutch-men and Richard Salvage were sent by land before to build the house for Powhatan against our Arrivall This company being victualled but for three or foure dayes lodged the first night at Warraskoyack where the President tooke sufficient provision This kind King did his best to divert him from seeing Powhatan but perceiuing he could not prevaile he advised in this manner Captaine Smith you shall find Powhatan to vse you kindly but trust him not and be sure he haue no oportunitie to seize on your Armes for he hath sent for you onely to cut your throats The Captaine thanking him for his good counsell yet the better to try his loue desired guides to Chawwonock for he would send a present to that King to bind him his friend To performe this iourney was sent Mr Sicklemore a very valiant honest and a painefull Souldier with him two guides and directions how to seeke for the lost company of Sir Walter Raleighs and silke Grasse Then we departed thence the President assuring the King perpetuall loue and left with him Samuâ—l Collier his Page to learne the Language So this Kings deeds by sacred Oath adiur'd More wary proues and circumspect by ods Fearing at least his double forfeiture To offend his friends and sin against his Gods The next night being lodged at Kecoughtan six or seaven dayes the extreame winde rayne frost and snow caused vs to keepe Christmas among the Salvages where we were never more merry nor fed on more plentie of good Oysters Fish Flesh Wild-soule and good bread nor never had better fires in England then in the dry smoaky houses of Kecoughtan but departing thence when we found no houses we were not curious in any weather to lye three or foure nights together vnder the trees by a fire as formerly is sayd An hundred fortie eight foules the President Anthony Bagnall and Serieant Pising did kill at three shoots At Kiskiack the frost contrary winds forced vs three or foure dayes also to suppresse the insolency of those proud Salvages to quarter in their houses yet guard our Barge and cause them giue vs what we wanted though we were but twelue and himselfe yet we never wanted shelter where we found any houses The 12 of Ianuary we arrived at Werowocomoco where the river was frozen neare halfe a myle from the shore but to neglect no time the President with his Barge so
but eat them vp also deuouring one death to saue them from another and by this meanes their whole Colony well-neere surfeted sickned and died miserably and when they had againe recouered this losse by their incontinency an infinite number of them died on the Indian disease we call the French Pox which at first being a strange and an vnknowne malady was deadly vpon whomsoeuer it lighted then had they a little flea called Nigua which got betweene the skinne and the flesh before they were aware and there bred and multiplied making swellings and putrifactions to the decay and losse of many of their bodily members Againe diuers times they were neere vndone by their ambition faction and malice of the Commanders Columbus to whom they were also much beholden was sent with his Brother in chaines into Spaine and some other great Commanders killed and murdered one another Pizzaro was killed by Almagros sonne and him Vasco beheaded which Vasco was taken by Blasco and Blasco was likewise taken by Pizzaros Brother And thus by their couetous and spightfull quarrels they were euer shaking the maine pillars of their Common-weale These and many more mischiefes and calamities hapned them more then euer did to vs and at one time being euen at the last gaspe had two ships not arriued with supplies as they did they were so disheartned they were a leauing the Countrey yet we see for all those miseries they haue attained to their ends at last as is manifest to all the world both with honour poweâ— and wealth and whereas beâ—ore few could be hired to goe to inhabit there now with great sute they must obtaine it but where there was no honesty nor equity nor sanctitie nor veritie nor pieâ—ie nor good ciuilitie in such a Countrey certainly there can bee no stabilitie Therefore let vs not be discouraged but rather animated by those conclusions seeing we are so well assured of the goodnesse and commodities may bee had in Virginia nor is it to be much doubted there is any want of Mines of most sorts no not of the richest as is well knowne to some yet liuing that can make it manifest when time shall serue and yet to thinke that gold and siluer Mines are in a country otherwise most rich and fruitfull or the greatest wealth in a Plantation is but a popular error as is that opinion likewise that the gold and siluer is now the greatest wealth of the West Indies at this present True it is indeed that in the first conquest the Spaniards got great and mighty store of treasure from the Natiues which they in long space had heaped together and in those times the Indians shewed them entire and rich Mines which now by the relations of them that haue beene there are exceedingly wasted so that now the charge of getting those Metals is growne excessiue besides the consuming the liues of many by their pestilent smoke and vapours in digging and refining them so that all things considered the cleere gaines of those metals the Kings part defraied to the Aduenturers is but small and nothing neere so much as vulgarly is imagined and were it not for other rich Commodities there that inrich them those of the Contraction house were neuer able to subsist by the Mines onely for the greatest part of their Commodities are partly naturall and partly transported from other parts of the world and planted in the West-Indies as in their mighty wealth of Sugarcanes being first transported from the Canaries and in Ginger and other things brought out of the East-Indies in their Cochanele Indicos Cotton and their infinite store of Hides Quick-siluer Allum Woad Brasill woods Dies Paints Tobacco Gums Balmes Oiles Medicinals and Perfumes Sassaparilla and many other physicall drugs These are the meanes whereby they raise that mighty charge of drawing out their gold and siluer to the great cleare reuenue of their King Now seeing the most of those commodities or as vsefull may be had in Virginia by the same meanes as I haue formerly said let vs with all speed take the priority of time where also may be had the priority of place in chusing the best seats of the Country which now by vanquishing the saluages is like to offer a more faire and ample choice of fruitfull habitations then hitherto our gentlenesse and faire comportments could attaine vnto The numbers that were slaine in those seuerall Plantations 1 AT Captaine Berkleys Plantation himselfe and 21. others seated at the Falling-Crick 66. miles from Iames City 22 2 Master Thomas Sheffelds Plantation some three miles from the Falling-Crick himselfe and 12. others 13 3 At Henrico Iland about two miles from Sheffelds Plantation 6 4 Slaine of the College people twenty miles from Henrico 17 5 At Charles City and of Captaine Smiths men 5 6 At the next adioyning Plantation 8 7 At William Farrars house 10 8 At Brickley hundred fifty miles from Charles City Master Thorp and 10 9 At Westouer a mile from Brickley 2 10 At Master Iohn Wests Plantation 2 11 At Captaine Nathaniel Wests Plantation 2 12 At Lieutenant Gibs his Plantation 12 13 At Richard Owens house himselfe and 6 14 At Master Owen Macars house himselfe and 3 15 At Martins hundred seuen miles from Iames City 73 16 At another place 7 17 At Edward Bonits Plantation 50 18 At Master Waters his house himselfe and 4 19 At Apamatucks Riuer at Master Perce his Plantation fiue miles from the College 4 20 At Master Macocks Diuident Captaine Samuel Macock and 4 21 At Flowerda hundred Sir George Yearleys Plantation 6 22 On the other side opposite to it 7 23 At Master Swinhows house himselfe and 7 24 At Master William Bickars house himselfe and 4 25 At Weanock of Sir George Yearleys people 21 26 At Powel Brooke Captaine Nathaniel Powel and 12 27 At South-hampton hundred 5 28 At Martin Brandons hundred 7 29 At Captaine Henry Spilmans house 2 30 At Ensigne Spences house 5 31 At Master Thomas Perse his house by Mulbery I le himselfe and 4 The whole number 347. Men in this taking bettered with affliction Better attend and mind and marke Religion For then true voyces issue from their hearts Then speake they what they thinkâ— in inmost parts The truth remaines they cast off sained Arts. THis lamentable and so vnexpected a distaster caused them all beleeue the opinion of Master Stockam and draue them all to their wits end it was twenty or thirty daies ere they could resolue what to doe but at last it was concluded all the petty Plantations should be abandoned and drawne onely to make good fiue or six places where all their labours now for the most part must redound to the Lords of those Lands where they were resident Now for want of Boats it was impossible vpon such a sudden to bring also their cattle and many other things which with much time charge and labour they had then in possession with them all which for
euer he came he would signifie by so many fires he came with so many boats that we might know his strength Their Boats are but one great tree which is but burnt in the forme of a trough with gins and fire till it be as they would haue it For an armour he would haue ingaged vs a bagge of pearle but we refused as not regarding it that wee might the better learn where it grew He was very iust of his promise for oft we trusted him and he would come within his day to keepe his word He sent vs commonly euery day a brace of Bucks Conies Hares and fish sometimes Mellons Walnuts Cucumbers Pease and diuers rootes This Author sayth their corne groweth three times in fiue moneths in May they sow in Iuly reape in Iune they sow in August reape in Iuly sow in August reape We put some of our Pease in the ground which in ten dayes were 14. ynches high The soyle is most plentifull sweete wholesome and fruitfull of all oâ—her there are about 14. seuerall sorts of sweete smelling tymber trees the most parts of the vnderwood Bayes and such like such Okes as we but far greater and better After this acquaintance my selfe with seauen more went twenty myle into the Riuer Occam that runneth toward the Cittie Skicoack and the euening following we came to an I le called Roanoak from the harbour where we entred 7. leagues at the North end was 9. houses builded with Cedar fortified round with sharpe trees and the entrance like a Turnpik When we came towards it the wife of Granganameo came running out to meete vs her husband was absent commanding her people to draw our Boat ashore for beating on the billowes other she appoynted to carry vs on their backes a land others to bring our Ores into the house for stealing When we came into the other roome for there was fiue in the house she caused vs to sit downe by a great fire after tooke off our clothes and washed them of some our stockings and some our feete in warme water and she her selfe tooke much paines to see all things well ordered and to provide vs victuall After we had thus dryed our selues she brought vs into an Inner roome where she set on the bord standing a long the house somewhat like frumentie sodden venison and rosted fish in like manner mellons raw boyled rootes and fruites of diuers kindes There drinke is commonly water boyled with Ginger sometimes with Saxefras and wholsome herbes but whilest the Crape lasteth they drinke wine More loue she could not expresse to entertaine vs they care but onely to defend themselues from the short winter and feede on what they finde naturall in sommer In this feaâ—ting house was their Idoll of whom they â—ould vs vncredible things When we were at meate two or three of her men came amongst vs with their Bowes and Arrowes which caused vs to take our armes in hand She perceiuing our distrust caused their Bowes and Arrowes to be broken and they beâ—ten out of the gate but the euening approaching we returned to our boate where at she much grieuing brought our supper halfe boyled pots and all but when she saw vs but put our boat a little off from the shoar and lye at Anchor perceiuing our Ielousie she sent diuers men 30. women to sit al night on the shoare side against vs and sent vs fiue Mats to couer vs from the raine doing all she could to perswade vs to her house Though there was no cause of doubt we would not aduenture for on our safety depended the voyage but a more kinde louing people cannot be Beyond this I le is the maine land and the great riuer Occam on which standeth a Towne called Pomeiock and six dayes higher their City Skicoak those people neuer saw it but say there fathers affirme it to be aboue two houres iourney about Into this riuer falleth an other called Cipo where is found many Mustells wherein are Pearles likewise another Riuer called Nomapona on the one side whereof standeth a great towne called Chawanock the Lord of the Country is not subiect to Wingandacoa Beyond him an other king they cal Menatonon These 3. are in league each with other Towards the south 4. dayes iourney is Sequotan the southermost part of Wingandacoa Adioyning to Secotan beginneth the country Pomouik belonging to the King called Piamacum in the Country Nusiok vpon the great riuer Neus These haue mortall warres with Wingina King of Wingandacoa Betwixt Piemacum and the Lord of Secotan a peace was concluded notwithstanding there is a mortall malice in the Secotuns because this Piemacum invited diuers men and 30. women to a feast and when they were altogether merry before their Idoll which is but a meere illusion of the Deuill they sudainly slew all the men of Secotan and kept the women for their vse Beyond Roanoak are many Isles full of fruits and other Naturall increases with many Townes a long the side of the Continent Those Iles lye 200. myles in length and betweene them and the mayne a great long sea in some places 20. 40. or 50. myles broad in other more somewhere lesse And in this sea are 100. Iles of diuers bignesses but to get into it you haue but 3. passages and they very dangerous Though this you see for most part be but the relations of Saluages because it is the first I thought it not a misâ—e to remember them as they are written by them that returned ariued in England about the middest of September the same yeare This discouery was so welcome into England that it pleased her Mâ—iestie to call this Country of Wingandacoa Virginia by which name now you are to vnderstand how it was planted disolued reuned and enlarged The Performers of this voyage were these following Philip Amadas Captaine Arthur Barlow Captaine William Grenuill Iohn Wood. Iames Browewich Henry Greene. Beniamen Wood. Simon Ferdinando Of the Companie Nicholas Peryman Of the Companie Iohn Hewes Of the Companie Sir Richard Grenuills voyage to Virginia for Sir Walter Raleigh â—â—85 THe 9. of Aprill he departed from Plimouth with 7. sayle the chiefe men with him in command were Master Ralph Layne Master Thomas Candish Master Iohn Arundel Master Stukley Master Bremige Master Vincent Master Hâ—ryot and Master Iohn Clarke The 14. day we fell with the Canaries and the 7. of May with Dominico in the West Indies we landed at Portorico after with much a doe at Izabella on the north of Hispaniola passing by many Iles. Vpon the 20. we fell with the mayne of Florida and were put in great danger vpon Cape Fear The 26. we Anchored at Wocokon where the admiral had like to beene cast away presently we sent to Wingina to Roanoak and Master Arundell went to the mayne with Manteo a saluage and that day to Crooâ—on The 11. The Generall victualed for 8. dayes with a selected company went to the
Commission I was content to be overrulâ—d by the maior part of the Councell I feare to the hazard of vs all which now is generally confessed when it is too late Onely Captaine Winne and Captaine Waldo I haue sworne of the Councell and Crowned Powhatan according to you instructions For thâ— charge of this Voyage of two or three thousand pounds we haue not receiued the value of an hundred pounds And for the quartred Boat to be borne by thâ— Souldiers over the Falles Newport had 120 of the best men he could chuse If he had burnt her to ashâ—s one might haue carried her in a bag but as she is fiue hundred cannâ—t to a navigable place aboue the Falles And for him at that time to find in the South Sea a Mine of gold or any of them sent by Sir Walter Raleigh at our Consultation I told them was as likely as the rest But during this great discovery of thirtie myles which might as well haue beene done by one man and much more for the value of a pound of Copper at a seasonable tyme they had the Pinnace and all the Boats with thâ—m but one that remained with me to serue the Fort. In their absence I followed the new begun workes of Pitch and Tarre Glasse Sope-ashes and Clapboord whereof some small quantities we haue sent you But if you rightly consider what an infinite toyle it is in Russia and Swethland where the woods are proper for naught els and though there be the helpe both of man and beast in those ancient Common-wealths which many an hundred yeares haue vsed it yet thousands of those poore people can scarce gâ—t necessaries to liue but from hâ—nd to mouth And though your Factors there can buy as much in a week as will fraught you a ship or as much as you please you must not expect from vs any such matter which are but a many of ignorant miserable soules that are scarce able to get wherewith to liue and defend our selues against the inconstant Salvages finding but here and there a tree fit for the purpose and want all things els the Russians haue For the Coronation of Pâ—whatan by whose advice you sent him such presents I know not but this giue me leaue to tell you I feare thâ—y will be the confusion of vs all ere we heare from you againe At your Ships arrivall the Salvages harvest was newly gathered and we going to buy it our owne not being halfe sufficient for so great a number As for the two ships loading of Corne Nâ—wport prâ—mised to provide vs from Powhatan he brought vs but foureteene Bushels and from the Monacans nothing but the most of the men sicke and neare famished From your Ship we had not provision in victuals worth twenty pound and we are more then two hundred to liue vpon this the one halfe sicke the other little better For the Saylers I confesse they daily make good cheare but our dyet is a little meale and water and not sufficient of that Though there be fish in the Sea foules in the ayre and Beasts in the woods their bounds are so large they so wilde and we so weake and ignorant we cannot much trouble them Captaine Newport we much suspect to be the Authour of those inventions Now that you should know I haue made you as great a discovery as he for lesse charge then he spendeth you every meale I haue sent you this Mappe of the Bay and Rivers with an annexed Relation of the Countries and Nations that inhabit them as you may see at large Also two barrels of stones and such as I take to be good Iron ore at the least so devided as by their notes you may see in what places I found them The Souldiers say many of your officers maintaine their families out of that you send vs and that Newport hath an hundred pounds a yeare for carrying newes For every master you haue yet sent can find the way as well as he so that an hundred pounds might be spared which is more then we haue all thâ—t helpe to pay him wages Cap. Ratliffe is now called Sicklâ—more a poore counterfeited Imposture I haue sent you him home least the company should cut his throat What he is now every one can tell you if he and Archer returne againe they are sufficient to keepe vs alwayes in factions When you send againe I intreat you rather send but thirty Caâ—penters husbandmen gardiners fisher men blacksmiths masons and diggers vp of trees roots well provided then a thousand of such as we haue for except wee be able both to lodge them and feed them the most will consume with want of necessaries before they can be made good for any thing Thus if you please to consider this account and of the vnnecessary wages to Captaine Newport or his ships so long lingering and staying here for notwithstanding his boasting to leaue vs victuals for 12 monâ—ths though we had 89 by this discovery lame and sicke and but a pinte of Corne a day for a man we were constrained to giue him three hogsheads of that to victuall him homeward or yet to send into Germany or Poleland for glasse-men the rest till we be able to sustaine our selues and relieue them when they come It were better to giue fiue hundred pound a tun for those grosse Commodities in Denmarke then send for them hither till more necessary things be provided For in over-toyling our weake and vnskilfull bodies to satisfie this desire of present profit we can scarce ever recover our selues from one Supply to another And I humbly intreat you hereafter let vs know what we should receiue and not stand to the Saylers courtesie to leaue vs what they please els you may charge vs with what you will but we not you with any thing These are the causes that haue kept vs in Virginia from laying such a foundation that â—re this might haue given much better content and satisfaction but as yet you must not looke for any profitable returnes so I humbly rest The Names of those in this Supply were these with their Proceedings and Accidents Captaine Peter Winne Captaine Richard Waldo were appoynted to be of the Councell Master Francis VVest brother to the Lord La VVarre Gent. Thomas Graues Raleigh Chroshaw Gabriel Beadle Iohn Beadle Iohn Russell William Russell Iohn Cuderington William Sambage Henry Leigh Henry Philpot. Harmon Harrison Daniel Tucker Henry Collins Hugh Wolleston Iohn Hoult Thomas Norton George Yarington George Burton Thomas Abbay William Dowman Thomas Maxes Michael Lowick Master Hunt Thomas Fâ—rrâ—st Iohn Dauxe Tradsmen Thomas Phâ—lps Iohn Prat. Iohn Clarke Ieffrey Shortridge Dionis Oconor Hugh Winne Dauid ap Hugh Thomas Bradley Iohn Burraâ— Thomas Lâ—vander Henry Bell. Master Powell David Ellis Thomas Gibson Labourers Thomas Dawse Thomas Mallard William Tayler Thomas Fox Nicholas Hancock Walker Williams Floud Morley Rose Scot. Hardwyn Boyes Milman Hilliard Mistresse Forrest and Anne Burras her maide eight Dutch men and
fit for such a personage with so braue and great attendance for some small number of aduentrous Gentlemen to make discoueries and lie in Garrison ready vpon any occasion to keepe in feare the inconstant Saluages nothing were more requisite but to haue more to wait play than worke or more commanders and officers than industrious labourers was not so necessarie for in Virginia a plaine Souldier that can vse a Pick-axe and spade is better than fiue Knights although they were Knights that could breake a Lance for men of great place not inured to those incounters when they finde things not sutable grow many times so discontented they forget themselues oft become so carelesse that a discontented melancholy brings them to much sorrow and to others much miserie At last they stood in for the coast of New-England where they met a small Frenchman rich of Beuers and other Furres Though wee had here but small knowledge of the coast nor countrie yet they tooke such an abundance of Fish and Fowle and so well refreshed themselues there with wood and water as by the helpe of God thereby hauing beene at Sea sixteene weekes got to Virginia who without this reliefe had beene in great danger to perish The French-men made them such a feast with such an abundance of varietie of Fish Fowle and Fruits as they all admired and little expected that wild wildernesse could affoord such wonderfull abundance of plentie In this ship came about two hundred men but very little prouision and the ship called the Treasurer came in againe not long after with fortie passengers the Lord la Wares ship lying in Virginia three moneths wee victualled her with threescore bushels of Corne and eight Hogsheads of flesh besides other victuall she spent whilest they tarried there this ship brought vs aduice that great multitudes were a preparing in England to bee sent and relied much vpon that victuall they should finde here whereupon our Captaine called a Councell and writ to the Councell here in England the estate of the Colonie and what a great miserie would insue if they sent not prouision as well as people and what they did suffer for want of skilfull husbandmen and meanes to set their Ploughs on worke hauing as good ground as any man can desire and about fortie Bulls and Oxen but they wanted men to bring them to labour and Irons for the Ploughs and harnesse for the Cattell Some thirtie or fortie acres wee had sowne with one Plough but it stood so long on the ground before it was reaped it was most shaken and the rest spoiled with the Cattell and Rats in the Barne but no better Corne could bee for the quantitie Richard Killingbeck being with the Captaine at Kekoughtan desired leaue to returne to his wife at Charles hundred hee went to Iames towne by water there he got foure more to goe with him by land but it proued that he intended to goe trade with the Indies of Chickahamania where making shew of the great quantitie of trucke they had which the Saluages perceiuing partly for their trucke partly for reuenge of some friends they pretended should haue beene slaine by Captaine Yearley one of them with an English peece shot Killingbeck dead the other Saluages assaulted the rest and slew them stripped them and tooke what they had But fearing this murther would come to light and might cause them to suffer for it would now proceed to the perfection of villanie for presently they robbed their Machacomocko house of the towne stole all the Indian treasure thereout and fled into the woods as other Indians related On Sunday following one Farfax that dwelt a mile from the towne going to Church left his wife and three small children safe at home as he thought and a young youth she supposing praier to be done left the children and went to meet her husband presently after came three or foure of those fugitiue Saluages entred the house and slew a boy and three children and also another youth that stole out of the Church in praier time meeting them was likewise murdered Of this disaster the Captaine sent to Opechankanough for satisfaction but he excused the matter as altogether ignorant of it at the same time the Saluages that were robbed were complaining to Opechankanough and much feared the English would bee reuenged on them so that Opechankanough sent to Captaine Argall to assure him the peace should neuer be broken by him desiring that he would not reuenge the iniurie of those fugitiues vpon the innocent people of that towne which towne he should haue and sent him a basket of earth as possession giuen of it and promised so soone as possibly they could catch these robbers to send him their heads for satisfaction but he neuer performed it Samuel Argall Iohn Rolfe A relation from Master Iohn Rolfe Iune 15. 1618. COncerning the state of our new Common-wealth it is somewhat bettered for we haue sufficient to content our selues though not in such abundance as is vainly reported in England Powhatan died this last Aprill yet the Indians continue in peace Itopatin his second brother succeeds him and both hee and Opechankanough haue confirmed our former league On the eleuenth of May about ten of the clocke in the night happened a most fearefull tempest but it continued not past halfe an houre which powred downe hailestones eight or nine inches about that none durst goe out of their doores and though it tore the barke and leaues of the trees yet wee finde not they hurt either man or beast it fell onely about Iames towne for but a mile to the East and twentie to the West there was no haile at all Thus in peace euery man followed his building and planting without any accidents worthy of note Some priuate differences happened betwixt Captaine Bruster and Captaine Argall and Captaine Argall and the Companie here in England but of them I am not fully informed neither are they here for any vse and therefore vnfit to be remembred In December one Captaine Stallings an old planter in those parts being imployed by them of the West countrie for a fishing voyage in New-England fell foule of a Frenchman whom hee tooke leauing his owne ship to returne for England himselfe with a small companie remained in the French barke some small time after vpon the coast and thence returned to winter in Virginia The gouernment surrendred to Sir George Yearley FOr to begin with the yeere of our Lord 1619. there arriued a little Pinnace priuatly from England about Easter for Captaine Argall who taking order for his affaires within foure or fiue daies returned in her and left for his Deputy Captaine Nathaniel Powell On the eâ—ighteenth of Aprill which was but ten or twelue daies after arriued Sir George Yearley by whom we vnderstood Sir Edwin Sands was chosen Treasurer and Master Iohn Farrar his Deputy and what great supplies was a preparing to be sent vs
which did rauish vs so much with ioy and content we thought our selues now fully satisfied for our long toile and labours and as happy men as any in the world Notwithstanding such an accident hapned Captaine Stallings the next day his ship was cast away and he not long after slaine in a priuate quarrell Sir George Yearly to beginne his gouernment added to be of his councell Captaine Francis West Captaine Nathaniel Powell Master Iohn Pory Master Iohn Rolfe and Master William Wickam and Master Samuel Macocke and propounded to haue a generall assembly with all expedition Vpon the twelfth of this Moneth came in a Pinnace of Captaine Bargraues and on the seuenteenth Captaine Lownes and one Master Euans who intended to plant themselues at Waraskoyack but now Ophechankanough will not come at vs that causes vs suspect his former promises In May came in the Margaret of Bristoll with foure and thirty men all well and in health and also many deuout gifts and we were much troubled in examining some scandalous letters sent into England to disgrace this Country with barrennesse to discourage the aduenturers and so bring it and vs to ruine and confusion notwithstanding we finde by them of best experience an industrious man not other waies imploied may well tend foure akers of Corne and 1000. plants of Tobacco and where they say an aker will yeeld but three or foure barrels we haue ordinarily foure or fiue but of new ground six seuen and eight and a barrell of Pease and Beanes which we esteeme as good as two of Corne which is after thirty or forty bushels an aker so that one man may prouide Corne for fiue and apparell for two by the profit of his Tobacco they say also English Wheat will yeeld but sixteene bushels an aker and we haue reaped thirty besides to manure the Land no place hath more white and blew Marble than here had we but Carpenters to build and make Carts and Ploughs and skilfull men that know how to vse them and traine vp our cattell to draw them which though we indeuour to effect yet our want of experience brings but little to perfection but planting Tobaco and yet of that many are so couetous to haue much they make little good besides there are so many sofisticating Tobaco-mungers in England were it neuer so bad they would sell it for Verinas and the trash that remaineth should be Virginia such deuilish bad mindes we know some of our owne Country-men doe beare not onely to the businesse but also to our mother England her selfe could they or durst they as freely defame her The 25. of Iune came in the Triall with Corne and Cattell all in safety which tooke from vs cleerely all feare of famine then our gouernour and councell caused Burgesses to be chosen in all places and met at a generall Assembly where all matters were debated thought expedient for the good of the Colony and Captaine Ward was sent to Monahigan in new England to fish in May and returned the latter end of May but to small purpose for they wanted Salt the George also was sent to New-found-land with the Cape Merchant there she bought fish that defraied her charges and made a good voyage in seuen weekes About the last of August came in a dutch man of warre that sold vs twenty Negars and Iapazous King of Patawomeck came to Iames towne to desire two ships to come trade in his Riuer for a more plentifull yeere of Corne had not beene in a long time yet very contagious and by the trechery of one Poule in a manner turned heathen wee were very iealous the Saluages would surprize vs. The Gouernours haue bounded foure Corporations which is the Companies the Vniuersity the Gouernours and Gleabe land Ensigne Wil. Spencer Thomas Barret a Sergeant with some others of the ancient Planters being set free we are the first farmers that went forth and haue chosen places to their content so that now knowing their owne land they striue who should exceed in building and planting The fourth of Nouember the Bona noua came in with all her people lusty and well not long after one Master Dirmer sent out by some of Plimoth for New-England arriued in a Barke of fiue tunnes and returned the next Spring notwithstanding the â—il rumours of the vnwholsomnesse of Iames towne the new commers that were planted at old Pâ—spaheghe little more then a mile from it had their healths better then any in the Country In December Captaine Ward returned from Patâ—womeck the people there dealt falsly with him so that hee tooke 800. bushels of Corne from them perforce Captaine Woddiffe of Bristol came in not long after with all his people lusty and in health and we had two particular â—ouernors sent vs vnder the titles of Deputies to the Company the one to haue chargâ— of the Colledge Land the other of the Companies Now you are to vnderstâ—nd that because there haue beene many complâ—ints against the Gâ—uernors Câ—pâ—aines and Officers in Virginia for buyâ—ng and selliâ—g â—en and bâ—â—es or to bâ—â— set ouer from one to another for a yeerely rent was â—eld in 〈◊〉 a â—â—â—ng most intolerable oâ— that â—he tenants or lawfull seruanâ—s shoâ—ld bâ— put â—â—om â—â—â—ir pâ—â—ces or abridged their Couenants â—as â—o â—diâ—us 〈◊〉 the â—ery 〈◊〉 â—hâ—reâ—â— bâ—â—ught a great scandall to the generall action Tâ—◠〈…〉 good and worâ—h◠〈…〉 and â—pâ—ointed a hundred men shoâ—◠〈…〉 prouided to serue and attend the Gouerâ—â—â—◠〈…〉 gouernmâ—nt which number he was to make good at his departure and 〈◊〉 to his Successor in like manner fifty to the Deputy-Gouernour of the College land and fifty to the Dâ—puty of the Companies land fifty to the Treasurer to the Secretary fiue and twenty and more to the Marshall and Câ—pe merchant which they are also to leaue to their successors and likewise to euery particular Officer such a compeâ—ency as he might liue well in his Office without oppressing any vnder their charge which good law I pray God it be well obserued and then we may truly say in Virginia we are the most happy people in the world By me Iohn Rolfe There went this yeere by the Companies records 11. ships and 1216. persons to be thus disposed on Tenants for the Gouernors land fourescore besides fifty sent the former spring for the Companies land a hundred and thirty for the College a hundred for the Glebe land fifty young women to make wiues ninety seruants for publike seruice fifty and fifty more whose labours were to bring vp thirty of the infidels children the rest were sent to priuate Plantations Two persons vnknowne haue giuen faire Plate and Ornaments for two Communion Tables the one at the College the other at the Church of Mistris Mary Robinson who towards the foundation gaue two hundred pound And another vnknowne person sent to the Treasurer fiue hundred and fifty pounds for the bringing vp of the saluage children
vs with their Ordnances and put vs in minde we had another worke in hand Whereupon we separated the dead and hurt bodies and manned the ship with the rest and were so well incouraged wee waifed them amaine The Admirall stood aloofe off and the other would not come within Falcon shot where she lay battering vs till shee receiued another paiment from a Demiculuering which made her beare with the shore for smooth water to mend her leakes The next morning they both came vp againe with vs as if they had determined to deuour vs at once but it seemed it was but a brauado though they forsooke not our quarter for a time within Musket shot yet all the night onely they kept vs company but made not a shot During which time we had leasure to prouide vs better than before but God bethanked they made onely but a shew of another aâ—sault ere suddenly the Vice-admirall fell a starne and the other lay shaking in the wind and so they both left vs. The fight continued six houres and was the more vnwelcome because we were so ill prouided and had no intent to sight nor giue occasion to disturbe them As for the losse of men if Religion had not taught vs what by the prouidence of God is brought to passe yet daily experience might informe vs of the dangers of wars and perils at sea by stormes tempests shipwracks encounters with Pirats meeting with enemies crosse winds long voâ—ages vnknowne shores barbarous Nations and an hundred inconueniences of which humane pollicies are not capable nor mens coniectures apprehensiue We lost Doctor Bohun a worthy valianâ— Gentleman a long time brought vp amongst the most learned Surgeons and Physitions in Netherlands and this his second iourney to Virginia and seuen slaine out right two died shortly of their wounds sixteâ—nâ— was shot whose limbs God be thanked was recouered without maime and now setled in Virginia how many they lost we know not but we saw a great many lie on the decks and their skuppers runne with bloud they were abouâ— three hundred tunnes a peece each sixteene or twentie Brasse peeces Captaine Chester who in this fight had behaued himselfe like a most vigilant resolute and a couragious souldier as also our honest and valiant master did still so comfort and incourage vs by all the meanes they could at last to all our great contents we arriued in Virginia and from thence returned safely to England The Names of the Aduenturers for Virginia Alphabetically set downe according to a printed Booke set out by the Treasurer and Councell in this present yeere 1620. A SIr William Aliffe Sir Roger Aston Sir Anthony Ashley Sir Iohn Akland Sir Anthonie Aucher Sir Robert Askwith Doctor Francis Anthony Charles Anthony Edward Allen. Edmund Allen Esquire Iohn Allen. Thomas Allen. William Atkinson Esquire Richard Ashcroft Nicholas Andrews Iohn Andrews the elder Iohn Andrews the youngeâ— Iames Ascough Giles Allington Morris Abbot Ambrose Asten Iames Askew Anthony Abdey Iohn Arundell Esquire B Edward Earle of Bedford Iames Lord Bishop of Bathe and Wells Sir Francis Barrington Sir Morice Barkley Sir Iohn Benet Sir Thomas Beamont Sir Amias Bamfield Sir Iohn Bourcher Sir Edmund Bowyer Sir Thomas Bludder Sir George Bolles Sir Iohn Bingley Sir Thomas Button Sir Henry Beddingfield Companie of Barbers-Surgeons Companie of Bakers Richard Banister Iohn Bancks Miles Bancks Thomas Barber William Bonham Iames Bryerley William Barners Anthony Barners Esquire William Brewster Richard Brooke Hugh Brooker Esquire Ambrose Brewsey Iohn Brooke Matthew Bromridge Christopher Brooke Esquire Martin Bond. Gabriel Beadle Iohn Beadle Dauid Borne Edward Barnes Iohn Badger Edmund Branduell Robert Bowyer Esquire Bobert Bateman Thomas Britton Nicholas Benson Edward Bishop Peter Burgoney Thomas Burgoney Robert Burgoney Christopher Baron Peter Benson Iohn Baker Iohn Bustoridge Francis Burlâ—y William Browne Robert Barker Samuel Burnham Edward Barkley William Bennet Captaine Edward Brewster Thomas Brocket Iohn Bullock George Bache Thomas Bayly William Barkley George Butler Timothie Bathurst George Burton Thomas Bret. Captaine Iohn Brough Thomas Baker Iohn Blunt Thomas Bayly Richard and Edward Blunt Mineon Burrell Richard Blackmore William Bâ—ck Beniamin Brand. Iohn Busbridge William Burrell William Barret Francis Baldwin Edward Bâ—rber Humphrey Basse. Robert Bell. Matthew Bromrick Iohn Beaumont George Barkley Peter Bartle Thomas Bretton Iohn Blount Arthur Bromfeld Esquire William Bâ—rbloke Charles Beck C George Lord Archbishop of Canterburie William Lord Cranborne now Earle of Salisburie William Lord Compton now Earle of North-hampton William Lord Cauendish now Earle of Deuonshire Richard Earle of Clanricard Sir William Cauendish now Lord Cauendish Gray Lord Chandos Sir Henry Cary. Sir George Caluert Sir Lionell Cranfield Sir Edward Cecill Sir Robert Cotten Sir Oliuer Cromwell Sir Anthony Cope Sir Walter Cope Sir Edward Carr. Sir Thomas Conisbie Sir George Cary. Sir Edward Conwey Sir Walter Chute Sir Edward Culpeper Sir Henry Cary Captaine Sir William Crauen Sir Walter Couert Sir George Coppin Sir George Chute Sir Thomas Couentry Sir Iohn Cutts Lady Cary. Company of Cloth-workers Citie of Chichester Robert Chamberlaine Richard Chamberlaine Francis Couill William Coyse Esquire Abraham Chamberlaine Thomas Carpenter Anthony Crew Richard Cox William Crosley Iames Chatfeild Richard Caswell Iohn Cornelis Randall Carter Executâ—rs of Randall Carter William Canning Edward Carue Esquire Thomas Cannon Esquire Richard Champion Rawley Crashaw Henry Collins Henry Cromwell Iohn Cooper Richard Cooper Ioâ—n Casson Thomas Colthâ—rst Allâ—n Cotten Edward Cage Abraham Carthwright Robert Coppin Thomas Conock Ioâ—n Clapham Thomas Church William Carpenter Laurence Campe. Iames Cambell Christopher Clâ—theroe Matthew Cooper Georgâ— Chamber Captaine Iohn Cooke Câ—ptaine Thomas Conwey Esquire Edward Culpeper Esquire Master William Crashaw Abraham Colmâ—r Iohn Culpeper Edmund Colbey Richard Cooper Robert Creswell Iohn Cage Esquire Matthew Caue William Crowe Abraham Carpenter Iohn Crowe Thomas Cordell Richard Connock Esquire William Compton William Chester Thâ—mas Couel Richard Carmarden Esquire William and Paul Canning Hâ—nry Cromwell Esquire Simon Codrington Clement Chichley Iames Cullemore William Cantrell D Richard Earle of Dorset Edward Lord Dâ—nny Sir Iohn Digbie now Lord Digbie Sir Iohn Doderidge Sir Drew Drewry the elder Sir Thomas Dennis Sir Robert Drewry Sir Iohn Dauers Sir Dudley Digs Sir Marmaduke Dorrel Sir Thomas Dale Sir Thomas Denton Companie of Drapers Thomas Bond Esquire Dauid Bent Esquire Comanie of Dyers Towne of Douer Master Richard Deaâ—e Alderman Henry Dawkes Edward Dichfield William Dunne Iohn Dauis Matthew Dâ—quâ—stâ—r Philip Durdent Abraham Dawes Iohn Dike Thomas Draper Lancelot Dauis Rowley Dawsey William Dobson Esquire Anthony Dyot Esquire Auery Dranfield Roger Dye Iohn Downes Iohn Drake Iohn Delbridge Beniamin Decroâ— Thomas Dyke Ieffery Duppa Daniel Darnelly Sara Draper Clement and Henry Dawkneâ— E Thomas Earle of Exeter Sir Thomas Euerfield Sir Francis Egiock Sir Robert Edolph Iohn Eldred Esquire William Euans Richard Euans Hugh Euans Raph Ewens Esquire Iohn Elkin Robert Euelin Nicholas Exton Iohn Exton George Etheridge F Sir Moyle Finch Sir Henry Fanshaw
Sir Thomas Freake Sir Peter Fretchuile Sir William Flâ—â—twood Sir Henry Fane Company of Fishmongers Iohn Fletcher Iohn Farmer Martin Freâ—man Esquire Ralph Freeman William and Ralph Frâ—â—man Michael Fetiplace VVilliam Fettiplace Thomas Forrest Edward Flâ—etwood Esquire William Fâ—lgate William Field Nicholâ—s Fâ—rrar Iohn Farrar Giles Francis Edward Fawcet Richard Farrington Iohn Francklin Richard Frith Iohn Ferne. George Farmer Thomas Francis Iohn Fenner Nicholas Fuller Esquire Thomas Fâ—xall William Flâ—et Peter Franck Esquire Richard Fishborne VVilliam Faldoe Iohn Fletcher and Company VVilliam Ferrars G Lady Elizabeth Gray Sir Iohn Gray Sir VVilliam Godolfine Sir Thomas Gates Sir VVilliam Gee Sir Riâ—hard Grobham Sir VVilliam Garaway Sir Francis Goodwin Sir George Goring Sir Thomas Grantham Company of Grocers Company of Goldsmiths Company of Girdlers Iohn Geering Iohn Gardiner Richard Gardiner Iohn Gilbert Thomas Graue Iohn Gray Nicholas Griece Richard Goddard Thomas Gipps Peter Gates Thomas Gibbs Esquire Laurence Greene. William Greenwell Robert Garset Robert Gore Thomas Gouge Francis Glanuile Esquire G Henry Earle of Huntington Lord Theophilus Haward L. Walden Sir Iohn Harrington L. Harington Sir Iohn Hollis now Lord Hautein Sir Thomas Holecroft Sir William Harris Sir Thomas Harefleet Sir George Haiward Sir VVarwicke Heale Sir Baptist Hicks Sir Iohn Hanham Sir Thomas Horwell Sir Thomas Hewit Sir VVilliam Herrick Sir Eustace Hart. Sir Pory Huntley Sir Arthur Harris Sir Edward Heron. Sir Perseuall Hart. Sir Ferdinando Heiborne Sir Lawrence Hide Master Hugh Hamersley Alderman Master Richard Heron Alderman Richard Humble Esquire Master Richard Hackleuit Edward Harrison George Holeman Robert Hill Griffin Hinton Iohn Hawkins VVilliam Hancocke Iohn Harper George Hawger Iohn Holt. Iohn Huntley Ieremy Heiden Ralph Hamer Ralph Hamer Iunior Iohn Hodgeson Iohn Hanford Thomas Harris Richard Howell Thomas Henshaw Leonard Harwood Tristram Hill Francis Haselridge Tobias Hinson Peter Heightley George Hawkenson Thomas Hackshaw Charles Hawkens Iohn Hodgis William Holland Robert Hartley Gregory Herst Thomas Hodgis William Hodgis Roger Harris Iohn Harris M. Iohn Haiward Iames Haiward Nicholas Hide Esquire Iohn Hare Esquire William Hackwell Esquire Gressam Hoogan Humfrey Hanford William Haselden Nicholas Hooker Doctor Anthony Hunten Iohn Hodsale George Hooker Anthony Hinton Iohn Hogsell Thomas Hampton William Hicks William Holiland Ralph Harison Harman Harison I Sir Thomas Iermyn Sir Robert Iohnson Sir Arthur Ingram Sir Francis Iones Company of Ironmongers Company of Inholders Company of Imbroyderers Bailiffes of Ipswich Henry Iackson Richard Ironside M. Robert Iohnson Alderman Thomas Iones William Iobson Thomas Iohnson Thomas Iadwine Iohn Iosua George Isam Philip Iacobson Peter Iacobson Thomas Iuxson Senior Iames Iewell Gabriel Iaques Walter Iobson Edward Iames. Zachary Iones Esquire Anthony Irbye Esquire William I-anson Humfrey Iobson K Sir Valentine Knightley Sir Robert Killegrew Sir Charles Kelke Sir Iohn Kaile Richard Kirrill Iohn Kirrill Raph King Henry Kent Towne of Kingslynne Iohn Kettleby Esquire Walter Kirkham Esquire L Henry Earle of Lincolne Robert L. Lisle now Earle of Leicester Thomas Lord Laware Sir Francis Leigh Sir Richard Lowlace Sir William Litton Sir Iohn Lewson Sir William Lower Sir Samuel Leonard Sir Samson Leonard Company of Lethersellers Thomas Laughton William Lewson Peter Latham Peter Van Lore Henry Leigh Thomas Leuar Christofer Landman Morris Lewellin Edward Lewis Edward Lewkin Peter Lodge Thomas Layer Thomas Lawson Francis Lodge Iohn Langlâ—y Dauid Loide Iohn Leuitâ— Thomas Fox and Luke Lodge Captaine Richard Linley Arnold Lulls William Lawrence Iâ—hn Landman Nicholas Lichfield Nicholas Leate Gedâ—on de Laune M Philâ—p Earle of Montgomerie Doctor George Mountaine now Lord Bishop of Lincolne William Lord Mounteagle now Lord Morley Sir Thomas Mansell Sir Thomas Mildmay Sir William Maynard Sir Humfrey May. Sir Peter Manhood Sir Iohn Merrick Sir George More Sir Robert Mansell Sir Arthur Mannering Sir Dauid Murrey Sir Edward Michelborn Sir Thomas Middleton Sir Robert Miller Sir Caualiero Maicott Doctor Iames Meddas Richard Martin Esquire Company of Mercers Company of Merchant Taylors Otho Mowdite Captaine Iohn Martin Arthur Mouse Adrian More Thomas Mountford Thomas Morris Ralph Moorton Francis Mapes Richard Maplesden Iames Monger Peter Monsell Robert Middleton Thomas Maile Iohn Martin Iosias Maude Richard Morton George Mason Thomas Maddock Richard Moore Nicholas Moone Alfonsus van Medkerk Captaine Henry Meoles Philip Mutes Thomas Mayall Humfrey Marret Iaruis Munaz Robert Mildmay William Millet Richard Morer Iohn Miller Thomas Martin Iohn Middleton Francis Middleton N Dudly Lord North. Francis Lord Norris Sir Henry Neuill of Barkshire Thomas Nicols Christopher Nicols VVilliam Nicols George Newce Ioseph Newberow Christopher Newgate Thomas Norincott Ionathan Nuttall Thomas Norton O William Oxenbridge Esquire Robert Ossley Francis Oliuer P VVilliam Earle of Pembroke VVilliam Lord Paget Iohn Lord Petre. George Percy Esquire Sir Christofer Parkins Sir Amias Preston Sir Nicholas Parker Sir VVilliam Poole Sir Stephen Powell Sir Henry Peyton Sir Iames Perrot Sir Iohn Pettus Sir Robert Payne VVilliam Payne Iohn Payne Edward Parkins Edward Parkins his widow Aden Perkins Thomas Perkin Richard Partridge William Palmer Miles Palmer Robert Parkhurst Richard Perciuall Esquire Richard Poyntell George Pretty George Pit Allen Percy Abraham Peirce Edmund Peirce Phenice Pet. Thomas Philips Henry Philpot. Master George Procter Robert Penington Peter Peate Iohn Prat. William Powell Edmund Peashall Captaine William Proude Henry Price Nicholas Pewriffe Thomas Pelham Richard Piggot Iohn Pawlet Esquire Robert Pory Richard Paulson Q William Quicke R Sir Robert Rich now Earle of Warwicke Sir Thomas Row Sir Henry Rainsford Sir William Romney Sir Iohn Ratcliffe Sir Steuen Ridlesdon Sir William Russell Master Edward Rotheram Alderman Robert Rich. Tedder Roberts Henry Robinson Iohn Russell Richard Rogers Arthur Robinson Robert Robinson Millicent Ramsden Iohn Robinson George Robins Nichalas Rainton Henry Rolffe Iohn Reignolds Elias Roberts Henry Reignolds Esquire William Roscarrocke Esquire Humfrey Raymell Richard Robins S Henry Earle of Southampton Thomas Earle of Suffolke Edward Semer Earle of Hartford Robert Earle of Salisbury Mary Countesse of Shrewâ—bury Edmund Lord Sheffeld Robert Lord Spencer Iohn Lord Stanhope Sir Iohn Saint-Iohn Sir Thomas Smith Sir Iohn Samms Sir Iohn Smith Sir Edwin Sandys Sir Samuel Sandys Sir Steuen Some Sir Raph Shelton Sir Thomas Stewkley Sir William Saint-Iohn Sir William Smith Sir Richard Smith Sir Martin Sinteuill Sir Nicolas Salter Doctor Matthew Sutcliffe of Exeter Captaine Iohn Smith Thomas Sandys Esquire Henry Sandys Esquire George Sandys Esquire Company of Skinners Company of Salters Company of Stationers Iohn Stokley Richard Staper Robert Singleton Thomas Shipton Cleophas Smith Richard Strongtharâ— Hildebrand Spruson Matthew Scriuener Othowell Smith George Scot. Hewet Staperâ— Iames Swift Richard Stratford Edmund Smith Robert Smith Matthias Springham Richard Smith Edward Smith Ionathan Smith Humfrey Smith Iohn Smith George Swinhow Ioseph Some William Sheckley Iohn Southick Henry Shelley Walter Shelley Richard Snarsborow George Stone Hugh Shepley William Strachey Vrion Spencer Iohn Scarpe Thomas Scott William Sharpe Steuen Sparrow Thomas Stokes Richard Shepard Henry Spranger William Stonnard
Steuen Sad. Iohn Stockley Thomas Steuens Matthew Shepard Thomas Sherwell William Seabright Esquire Nicholas Sherwell Augustine Steward Thomas Stile Abraham Speckhard Edmund Scot. Francis Smalman Gregory Sprint Esquire Thomas Stacey William Sandbatch Augustine Stuard Esquire T Sir William Twisden Sir William Throckmorton Sir Nicholas Tufton Sir Iohn Treuer Sir Thomas Tracy George Thorpe Esquire Doctor William Turner The Trinity house Richard Turner Iohn Tauerner Daniel Tucker Charles Towler William Tayler Leonard Townson Richard Tomlins Francis Tate Esquire Andrew Troughton George Tucker Henry Timberlake William Tucker Lewis Tite Robert Thornton V Sir Horatio Vere Sir Walter Vaughan Henry Vincent Richard Venne Christopher Vertue Iohn Vassell Arthur Venne W Henry Bishop of VVorcester Francis West Esquire Sir Ralph Winwood Sir Iohn Wentworth Sir William Waad Sir Robert Wroth. Sir Perciual Willoby Sir Charles Wilmott Sir Iohn Wats Sir Hugh Worrell Sir Edward Waterhouse Sir Thomas Wilsford Sir Richard Williamson Sir Iohn Wolstenholm Sir Thomas Walsingham Sir Thomas Watson Sir Thomas Wilson Sir Iohn Weld Mistris Kath. West now Lady Conway Iohn Wroth Esquire Captaine Maria Winckfield Esquire Thomas Webb Rice Webb Edward Webb Sands Webb Felix Wilson Thomas White Richard Wiffen William Williamson Humfrey Westwood Hugh Willeston Thomas Wheatley William Wattey William Webster Iames White Edmund Winne Iohn West Iohn Wright Edward Wooller Thomas Walker Iohn Wooller Iohn Westrow Edward Welch Nathaniel Waad Richard Widowes Dauid Waterhouse Esquire Captaine Owen Winne Randall Wetwood George Wilmer Esquire Edward Wilkes Leonard White Andrew Willmer Clement Willmer George Walker William Welbie Francis Whistler Thomas Wells Captaine Thomas Winne Iohn Whittingham Thomas Wheeler William Willet Deuereux Woogam Iohn Walker Thomas Wood. Iohn Willet Nicholas Wheeler Thomas Wale William Wilston Iohn Waller William Ward William Willeston Iohn Water Thomas Warr Esquire Dauid Wiffen Garret Weston Y Sir George Yeardley now Gouernour of Virginia William Yong. Simon Yeomans Z Edward Lord Zouch Iohn Zouch Esquire THat most generous and most honourable Lord the Earle of South-hampton being pleased to take vpon him the title of Treasurer and Master Iohn Farrar his Deputy with such instructions as were necessary and admonitions to all Officers to take heede of extortion ingrosing commodities forestalling of markets especially to haue a vigilant care the familiarity of the Saluages liuing amongst them made them not way to betray or surprize them for the building of Guest-houses to relieue the weake in and that they did wonder in all this time they had made no discoueries nor knew no more then the very place whereon they did inhabit nor yet could euer see any returne for all this continuall charge and trouble therefore they sent to be added to the Councell seuen Gentlemen namely Mr. Thorp Captaine Nuce Mr. Tracy Captaine Middleton Captaine Blount Mr. Iohn Pountas and Mr. Harwood with men munition and all things thought fitting but they write from Virginia many of the Ships were so pestred with diseased people thronged together in their passage there was much sicknesse and a great mortality wherfore they desired rather a few able sufficient men well prouided then great multitudes and because there were few accidents of note but priuate aduertisements by letters we will conclude this yeere and proceed to the next Collected out of the Councels letters for Virginia The instructions and aduertisements for this yeere were both from England and Virginia much like the last only whereas before they had euer a suspicion of Opechankanough and all the rest of the Saluages they had an eye ouer him more then any but now they all write so confidently of their assured peace with the Saluages there is now no more feare nor danger either of their power or trechery so that euery man planteth himselfe where he pleaseth and followeth his businesse securely But the time of Sir George Yearley being neere expired the Councel here made choise of a worthy young Gentleman Sir Francis Wyat to succeed him whom they forth with furnished and prouided as they had done his Predecessors with all the necessary instructions all these times had acquainted them for the conuersion of the Saluages the suppressing of planting Tobacco and planting of Corne not depending continually to be supplied by the Saluages but in case of necessity to trade with them whom long ere this it hath beene promised and expected should haue beene fed and relieued by the English not the English by them and carefully to redresse all the complaints of the needlesse mortality of their people and by all diligence seeke to send something home to satisfie the Aduenturers that all this time had only liued vpon hopes grew so weary and discouraged that it must now be substance that must maintaine their proceedings not letters excuses and promises seeing they could get so much and such great estates for themselues as to spend after the rate of 100. pounds 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10. nay some 2000. or 3000. pounds yearely that were not worth so many pence when they went to Virginia can scarce containe themselues either in diet apparell gaming and all manner of such superfluity within a lesse compasse than our curious costly and consuming Gallants here in England which cannot possibly be there supported but either by oppressing the Comminalty there or deceiuing the generality here or both Extracted out of the Councels Letters for Virginia From Virginia by the relations of the Chieftains there many I haue conferred with that came from thence hither I haue much admired to heare of the incredible pleasure profit and plenty this Plantation doth abound in and yet could neuer heare of any returne but Tobacco but it hath oft amazed me to vnderstand how strangely the Saluages hath beene taught the vse of our armes and imploied in hunting and fowling with our fowling peeces and our men rooting in the ground about Tobacco like Swine besides that the Saluages that doe little but continually exercise their bow and arrowes should dwell and lie so familiarly amongst our men that practised little but the Spade being so farre asunder and in such small parties dispersed and neither Fort exercise of armes vsed Ordnances mounted Courts of guard nor any preparation nor prouision to preuent a forraine enemy much more the Saluages howsoeuer for the Saluages vncertaine conformity I doe not wonder but for their constancy and conuersion I am and euer haue beene of the opinion of Master Ionas Stockam a Minister in Virginia who euen at this time when all things were so prosperous and the Saluages at the point of conuersion against all their Gouernours and Councels opinions writ to the Councell and Company in England to this effect May 28. WE that haue left our natiue country to soiourne in a strange land some idle spectators who either cowardly dare not or couetously will not aduenture either their purses or persons in so commendable a worke others supporting Atlas of this ilmost vnsupportable
t' were to goe to bed or drinke And all thou yet hast done thou dost esteeme As nothing This doth cause me thinke That thou I 'aue seene so oft approu'd in dangers And thrice captiu'd thy valour still hath freed Art yet preserued to conuert those strangers By God thy guide I trust it is decreed For me I not commend but much admire Thy England yet vnknowne to passers by-her For it will praise it selfe in spight of me Thou it it thou to all posterity Your true friend and souldier Ed. Robinson To my honest Captaine the Author MAlignant Times What can be said or done But shall be censur'd and traduc't by some This worthy Worke which thou hast bought so deare Ne thou nor it Detractors need to feare Thy words by deeds so long thou hast approu'd Of thousands know thee not thou art belou'd And this great Plot will make thee ten times more Knowne and belou'd than ere thou wert before I neuer knew a Warrier yet but thee From wine Tobacco debts dice oaths so free I call thee Warrier and I make the bolder For many a Captaine now was neuer Souldier Some such may swell at this but to their praise When they haue done like thee my Muse shall raise Their due deserts to Worthies yet to come To liue like thine admir'd till day of Doome Your true friend sometimes your souldier Tho. Carlton NEW ENGLAND The most remarqueable parts thus named by the high and mighty Prince CHARLES Prince of great Britaine THE PORTRAICTUER OF CAPTAYNE IOHN SMITH ADMIRALL OF NEW ENGLAND These are the Lines that shew thy Face but those That shew thy Grace and Glory brighter bee Thy Faire-Discoueries and Fowle-Overthrowes Of Salvages much Civilliz'd by thee Best shew thy Spirit and to it Glory Wyn So thou art Brasse without but Golde within If so in Brasse too soft Smiths Acts to beare I fix thy Fame to make Brasse steele out weare Thine as thou art Virtues Goâ—â—â— Dauies Heref HONY S OIT QVI MAL Y PENSE A Scale of Leagues Observed and described by Captayn John Smith 1614 London Printed by Geor Low THE SIXTH BOOKE THE GENERALL HISTORIE OF NEW-ENGLAND COncerning this History you are to vnderstand the Letters-Patents granted by his Maiesty in 1606. for the limitation of Virginia did extend from 34. to 44. which was diuided in two parts namely the first Colony and the second the first was to the honourable City of London and such as would aduenture with them to discouer and take their choice where they would betwixt the degrees of 34. and 41. The second was appropriated to the Cities of Bristol Exeter and Plimoth c. and the West parts of England and all those that would aduenture and ioine with them and they might make their choise any where betwixt the degrees of 38. and 44. prouided there should bee at least 100. miles distance betwixt these 2. Colonies each of which had lawes priuileges and authoritie for the gouernment and aduancing their seuerall Plantations alike Now this part of America hath formerly beene called Norumbega Virginia Nuskoncus Penaquida Cannada and such other names as those that ranged the Coast pleased But because it was so mountainous rocky and full of Iles few haue aduentured much to trouble it but as is formerly related notwithstanding that honourable Patron of vertue Sir Iohn Popham Lord chiefe Iustice of England in the yeere 1606. procured meanes and men to possesse it and sent Captaine George Popham for President Captaine Rawley Gilbert for Admirall Captaine Edward Harlow master of the Ordnance Captaine Robert Dauis Sargeant-Maior Captaine Elis Best Marshall Master Seaman Secretary Captaine Iames Dauis to be Captaine of the Fort Master Gome Carew chiefe Searcher all those were of the Councell who with some hundred more were to stay in the Country they set saile from Plimoth the last of May and fell with Monahigan the eleuenth of August At Sagadahock 9. or 10. leagues southward they planted themselues at the mouth of a faire nauigable Riuer but the coast all thereabouts most extreme stony and rocky that extreme frozen Winter was so cold they could not range nor search the Country and their prouision so small they were glad to send all but 45. of their company backe againe their noble President Captaine Popham died and not long after arriued two ships well prouided of all necessaries to supply them and some small time after another by whom vnderstanding of the death of the Lord chiefe Iustice and also of Sir Iohn Gilbert whose lands there the President Rawley Gilbert was to possesse according to the aduenturers directions finding nothing but extreme extremities they all returned for England in the yeere 1608. and thus this Plantation was begunne and ended in one yeere and the Country esteemed as a cold barren mountainous rocky Desart Notwithstanding the right Honourable Henry Earle of South-hampton and those of the I le of Wight imploied Captaine Edward Harlow to discouer an I le supposed about Cape Cod but they found their plots had much abused them for falling with Monahigan they found onely Cape Cod no I le but the maine there they detained three Saluages aboord them called Pechmo Monopet and Pekenimne but Pechmo leapt ouer board and got away and not long after with his consorts cut their Boat from their sterne got her on shore and so filled her with sand and guarded her with Bowes and Arrowes the English lost her not farre from thence they had three men sorely wounded with Arrowes Anchoring at the I le of Nohone the Saluages in their Canowes assaulted the Ship till the English Guns made them retire yet here they tooke Sakaweston that after he had liued many yeeres in England went a Souldier to the warres of Bohemia At Capawo they tooke Coneconam and Epenow but the people at Agawom vsed them kindly so with fiue Saluages they returned for England yet Sir Francis Popham sent diuers times one Captaine Williams to Monahigan onely to trade and make core fish but for any Plantations there was no more speeches For all this as I liked Virginia well though not their proceedings so I desired also to see this country and spend some time in trying what I could finde for all those ill rumors and disasters From the relations of Captaine Edward Harlow and diuers others In the month of Aprill 1614. at the charge of Capt. Marmaduke Roydon Capt. George Langam Mr. Iohn Buley and Mr. William Skelton with two ships from London I chanced to arriue at Monahigan an I le of America in 434. of Northerly latitude out plot was there to take Whales for which we had one Samuel Cramton and diuers others expert in that faculty also to make trialls of a Mine of gold copper if those failed Fish and Furs were then our refuge to make our selues sauers howsoeuer we found this Whale-fishing a costly conclusion we saw many and spent much time in chasing them but could not
a labyrinth of trouble though the greatest of the burden lay-on me and a few of my particular friends I was furnished with a ship of two hundred tunnes and another of fiftie But ere I had sailed one hundred and twentie leagues she brake all her Masts pumping each watch fiue or six thousand strokes onely her spret-saile remained to spoone before the winde till we had re-accommodated a Iury-mast to returne for Plimoth or founder in the Seas My Vice-Admirall being lost not knowing of this proceeded her voyage now with the remainder of those prouisions I got out againe in a small Barke of sixtie tuns with thirty men for this of two hundred and prouision for seuentie which were the sixteene before named and foureteene other Sailers for the ship with those I set saile againe the foure and twentieth of Iune where what befell me because my actions and writings are so publike to the world enuy still seeking to scandalize my endeuours and seeing no power but death can stop the chat of ill tongues nor imagination of mens minds lest my owne relations of those hard euents might by some constructors bee made doubtfull I haue thought it best to insert the examinations of those proceedings taken by Sir Lewis Stukeley a worthy Knight and Vice-Admirall of Deuonshire which was as followeth The Examination of Daniel Baker late Steward to Captaine Iohn Smith in the returne of Plimoth taken before Sir Lewis Stukeley Knight the eighth of December 1615. THE effect in briefe was this being chased by one Fry an English Pirat Edward Chambers the Master Iohn Miller his Mate Thomas Digby the Pylot and diuers others importuned him to yeeld much swaggering wee had with them more then the Pirats who agreed vpon such faire conditions as we desired which if they broke he vowed to sinke rather then be abused Strange they thought it that a Barke of threescore tuns with foure guns should stand vpon such termes they being eightie expert Sea-men in an excellent ship of one hundred and fortie tuns and thirty six cast Peeces and Murderers But when they knew our Captaine so many of them had beene his Souldiers and they but lately runne from Tunis where they had stolne this ship wanted victuall and in combustion amongst themselues would haue yeelded all to his protection or wafted vs any whither but those mutinies occasioned vs to reiect their offer which afterward we all repented For at Fiall we met two French Pirats the one of two hundred tuns the other thirty no disgrace would cause our mutiners fight till the Captaine offered to blow vp the ship rather then yeeld till hee had spent all his powder so that together by the eares we went and at last got cleere of them for all their shot At Flowers we were againe chased with foure French men of warre the Admirall one hundred and fortie tuns and ninety men well armed the rest good ships and as well prouided much parly we had but vowing they were Rochilers and had a Commission from the King onely to secure true men and take Portugals Spaniards and Pirats and as they requested our Captaine went to shew his Commission which was vnder the broad Seale but neither it nor their vowes they so much respected but they kept him rifled our ship manned her with French men and dispersed vs amongst their Fleet within fiue or six daies they were increased to eight or nine saile At last they surrendred vs our ship and most of our prouisions the defects they promised the next day to supply and did Notwithstanding there was no way but our mutiners would for England though we were as neere New England till the major part resolued with our Captaine to proceed But the Admirall sending his Boat for our Captaine they espying a Saile presently gaue chase whereby our mutiners finding an opportunitie in the night ran away and thus left our Captaine in his Cap Bretches and Wast-coat alone among the French men his clothes armes and what he had our mutiners shared among them and with a false excuse faining for feare lest he should turne man of warre they returned for Plimoth fifteene of vs being Land-men not knowing what they did Daniel Cage Edward Stalings Walter Chisell Dauid Cooper Robert Miller and Iohn Partridge vpon oath affirmes this for truth before the Vice-Admirall Now the cause why the French detained mee againe was the suspition this Chambers and Minter gaue them that I would reuenge my selfe vpon the Banke or in New found land of all the French I could there encounter and how I would haue fired the ship had they not ouer-perswaded me and that if I had but againe my Armes I would rather sinke by them then they should haue from me but the value of a Bisket and many other such like tales to catch but opportunitie in this manner to leaue me and thus they returned to Plimoth and perforce with the French men I thus proceeded Being a fleet of eight or nine saile we watched for the West-Indies fleet till ill weather separated vs from the other eight still wee spent our time about the Iles of the Assores where to keepe my perplexed thoughts from too much meditation of my miserable estate I writ this Discourse thinking to haue sent it to you of his Maiesties Councell by some ship or other for I saw their purpose was to take all they could At last we were chased by one Captaine Barra an English Pirat in a small ship with some twelue Peece of Ordnance about thirty men and neere all starued They fought by courtesie releefe of vs who gaue them such faire promises as at last they betraied Captaine Wollistone his Lieutenant and foure or fiue of his men aboord vs and then prouided to take the rest perforce Now my part was to be prisoner in the Gun-roome and not to speake to any of them vpon my life yet had Barra knowledge what I was Then Barra perceiuing well those French intents made ready to fight and Wollistone as resolutely regarded not their threats which caused vs demurre vpon the matter longer some sixteene houres and then returned them againe Captaine Wollistone and all their Prisoners and some victuall also vpon a small composition But whilest we were bartering thus with them a Caruill before our faces got vnder the Castle of Gratiosa from whence they beat vs with their Ordnance The next wee tooke was a small English man of Poole from New found land the great Cabben at this present was my prison from whence I could see them pillage these poore men of all that they had and halfe their fish when hee was gone they sold his poore clothes at the maine Mast by an out-cry which scarce gaue each man seuen pence a peece Not long after we tooke a Scot fraught from Saint Michaels to Bristow he had better fortune then the other for hauing but taken a Boats loading of Sugar Marmelade Suckets and such
innocent as did that most generous Prince Sigismundus Prince of those Countries against them whom vnder the colour of iustice and piety to maintaine their superfluity of ambitious pride thought all the world too little to maintaine their vice and vndoe them or keepe them from ability to doe any thing that would not admire and adore their honours fortunes couetousnesse falshood bribery cruelty extortion and ingratitude which is worse then cowardize or ignorance and all manner of vildnesse cleane contrary to all honour vertue and noblenesse Iohn Smith writ this with his owne hand Here follow certaine notes and obseruations of Captaine Charles Whitbourne concerning New-found land which although euery master trained vp in fishing can make their proportions of necessaries according to their custome yet it is not much amisse here to insert them that euery one which desires the good of those actions know them also Besides in his Booke intituled A discouery of New-found land and the commodities thereof you shall finde many excellent good aduertisements for a Plantation and how that most yeeres this Coast hath beene frequented with 250. saile of his Maiesties subiects which supposing but 60. tunnes a peece one with another they amount to 15000. tunnes and allowing 25 men and boies to euery Barke they will make 5000. persons whose labours returne yeerely to about 135000. pound sterling besides the great numbers of Brewers Bakers Coupers Ship-Carpenters Net-makers Rope-makers Hooke-makers and the most of all other mecanicall trades in England The charge of letting forth a ship of 100. tuns with 40. persons both to make a fishing voyage and increase the Plantation  l. s. d. INprimis 10000. weight of Bisket at 15. s. a 100. weight 82. 10.  26 Tun of Beere and Sider at 53. s. 4. d. a Tun. 69. 7.  2 Hogsheads of English Beefe 10.   2 Hogsheads of Irish Beefe 5.   10 Fat Hogs salted with Salt and Caske 10. 10.  30 Bushels of Pease 6   2 Ferkins of Butter 3.   200 Waight of Cheese 2. 10.  1 Bushell of Mustard-seed  6.  1 Hogshead of Vinegar 1. 5.  Wood to dresse meat withall 1.   1 Great Copper Kettle 2.   2 Small Kettles 2.   2 Frying-Pans  3. 4. Platters Ladles and Cans 1.   a paire of Bellowes for the Cooke  2. 6. Taps Boriers and Funnels 2.   Lâ—cks for the Bread roomes  2. 6. 100 weight of Candles 2. 10.  1 0 quarters of Salt at 2. s. the Rushell 10. 4.  Mats dinnage to lie vnder it 2. 10.  Salt Shouels  10  Particulars for the 40. persons to keepe 8. fishing boats at Sea with 3. men in euery boat imploies 24. and 500. foot of Elme boords of an inch thicke 8. s. each one 2.   2000 Nailes for the 8. Boats at 13. s. 4. d. a 1000. 1. 6 8. 4000 Nailes at 6. s 8. d. 1000. 1. 6 8. 2000 Nailes at 5. d. 100.  8.  500 weight of pitch at 8. s. 100. 2.   2000 of good orlop nailes 2. 5.  More for other small necessaries 3.   A barrell of Tar.  10.  200 weight of black Ocome 1.   Thrums for pitch Maps  1. 6. Bolls Buckets and Pumps 1.   2 brazen Crocks 2.   Canuas to make Boat sailes small ropes at 25. s. for each saile 12. 10.  10 rode Ropes which containe 600. weight at 30 s the 100. 10.   12 dozen of fishing lines 6.   24 dâ—zâ—n of fishing hookes 2.   for Squid line  3.  For Pots and liuer maunds  18.  Iron works for the boats ruthers 2.   10 Kipnet Irons  10.  Twine to make kipnets and gagging hooks  6.  10 good Nets at 26. s. a net 13.   2 Saynes a great and a lesse 12.   200 weight of Sow-lead 1.   2 couple of ropes for the Saynes 1.   Dry-fats to keepe them in  6.  Tâ—ine for store  5.  Flaskets and bread Baskets  15.  For haire cloth 10.   3. Tuns of vinegar caske for water 1. 6. 8. 1 doâ—zen of Deale Bourds  10.  2 Barrels of Oatmeale 1. 6.  100 weight of Spikes 2. 5.  2 good Axes 4. hand Hatchets 4. Drawers 2. drawing Irons  16.  3 yards of wollencloth for cuffs  10.  8 yards of good Cannasse  10.  A Grand-stone or two  6.  1000 of poore Iohn to spend in going 6. 10.  1 Hogshead of Aquauitae 4.   4 arme Sawes 4. Handsawes 4. thwart Sawes 3. Augers 2. Crowes of Iron 3. Sledges 4. shod Shouels 2. Picaxes 4. Matocks and 4. Hammers 5.   The totall summe is 410. 11. 0. All these prouisions the Master of Purser is to be accountable what is spent and what is left with those which shall continue there to plant and of the 40. thus prouided for the voyage ten may well be spared to leaue behind them with 500. weight of Bisket 5. hogsheads of Sider or beere halfe a hogshead of Beefe 4 sides of dry Bakon 4. bushell of Pease halfe a ferkin of Butter halfe 100. weight of Cheese a pecke of Mustard-seed a barrell of Vinegar 12. pound of Candles 2. pecks of Oaâ—meale halfe a hogshead of Aquauitae 2. copper Kettles 1. brasse Crock 1. Frying-pan a Grindstone and all the Hatchets Woodhooks Sawes Augers c. and all other iron tooles with the 8. Boats and their implements and spare salt and what else they vse not in a readinesse from yeere to yeere and in the meane time serued them to helpe to build their houses cleanse land and further their fishing whilst the ships are wanting By his estimation and calculation these 8. Boats with 22. men in a Summer doe vsually kill 25000. fish for euery Boat which may amount to 200000. allowing 120. fishes to the 100. sometimes they haue taken aboue 35000. for a Boat so that they load not onely their owne ship but prouide great quantities for sacks or other spare ships which come thither onely to buy the ouerplus if such ships come not they giue ouer taking any more when sometimes there hath beene great abundance because there is no fit houses to lay them in till another yeere now most of those sacks goeth empty thither which might as well transport mens prouision and cattle at an easie rate as nothing either to New-England or New-found land but either to transport them for nothing or pay any great matter for their liberty to fish will hardly effect so much as freedome as yet nor can this be put in practice as before I said till there be a power there well planted and setled to entertaine and defend them assist and releeue them as occasion shall require otherwaies those
abroad Amoris a Salvage his best friend slaine for loving vs. The Discovery of Chickahamine Another proiect to abandon the country * Iehu Robinson and Thomas Emry slaine Captaine Smith taken prisoner The order they observed in then trivmph How he should haue beene slaine at Orapacks How he saued Iames towne from being surprised How they did Coniure him at Pamavnkee How Powhatan entertained him How Pocahontas saved his life How Powhatan sent him to Iames Towne The third proiect to abandon the Countrey A true proofe of Gods loue to the action Of two evils the lesse was chosen The Phoenix from Cape Henry forced to the West Indies Their opinion of our God Smith revisiting Bowhatan Powhatan his entertainement The exchaÌ„ge of a Christian for a Salvage Powhatant speech Differences of opinions Iames towne burnt A ship I dely loytering 14. weekes The effect of meere Verbalists A needlesse charge A returnâ— to England The rebuilding Iames Towne Sixtie appointed to discover the Monacans An ill example to sell swords to Salvages The Presidents weaknesse Smiths attempt to suppresse the Salvages insolencies Powhatans excuse A ship fraught with Cedar S ir Thomas Smith Treasurer A strange mortalitie of Salvages Russels Isles Wighcocomoco An extreame want of fresh water Their Barge neare sunke in a gust Cuskarawaock The first notice oâ— the Massawomeks Bolus Riuer Smithâ— speech to his souldiers The discouery of Patawomek Ambuscadoes of Salvages A trecherous proiect A myne like Antimony An aboundant plenty of fish How to deale with the Salvages Captaine Smith neare killed with a Stingray The Salvages affrighted with their owne suspition Needlesse misery at Iames towne The Salvages admire fire-workes An Incounter with the Massawomeks at the head of the Bay An Incounter with the Tockwhoghs Hatchets from the Sasquesahanocks The Sasquesahanocks offer to the English Pawtuxunt R. Rapahanock R. The exceeding loue of the Salvage Mosco Our fight with the Rapahanocks The Salvages disguised like bushes fight Our fight with the Manahaacks A Salvage shot and taken prisoner His relation of their countries * They cannot trauell but where the woods are burnt How we concluded peace with the foure kings of Monahoke How we became friends with the Rapahanocks The discovery of Payankatank A notable trechery of the Nandsamunds The fight with the Chisapeacks and Nandsamundâ— How they became friends The proceâ—ding at Iames Towne Powhatans scorne when his courtesie was most deserved No better way to overthrow the busines then by our instructors A consultation where all the Councell was against the President Capt. Smith goeth with 4. to Powhatan when Newport feared with 120. A Virginia Maske The Womens entertainement Captaine Smiths message Powhatans answer Powhatans Coronation The discovery of Monacan How the Salvages deluded Cap. Newport A punishment for swearing 3. Men better then 100. The Chickahamania's forced to contribution A bad reward for well-doing A good Taverne in Virginia A bad trade of the masters and saylers Master Scriveners voyage to Werowocomoco Nandsamund forced to contribution The first marriage in Virginia Apamatuck discovered The good counsell of Warraskoyack Plentie of victualls 148 Foules killed at three shootes Cap. Smiths discourse to Powhatan Powhatans reply and flattery Powhatan discourse of peace and warre Capt. Smiths Reply Powhatans importunity to haue vs vnarmed to betray vs. Cap. Smiths discourse to delay time till he found oportunity to surprise the King Powhatans plot to haue murdered Smith A chaine of pearle sent the Captaine for a present Pretending to kill our men loaded with baskets we caused them do it themselues Pocahontas bewrayes her fathers deceit to kill vs. The Dutch men deceiue Cap. Winne The Dutch men furnish the Saluages with Armes Smiths Speech to Opechancanough 700. Saluages beset the English being but 16. Smiths speech to his Company Smiths offer to Opechancanough Opecahncanoughs deuicâ— to betray Smith Smith taketh the King prisoner Smiths discourse to the Pamavnkees The Salvages dissemble their intent Their excuse and reconcilement The losse of Mr. Scrivener and others with a Skiff Master Wyffins desperate iourney Powhatan constraineth his men to be trecherous The third attempt to betray vs. A chayne of pearle sent to obtaine peace The President poysoned the offendâ—r punished The Salvages want and povertie The Dutch-men did much hurt An Apology for the first Planters The Presidents advice to the Company The Dutch-mens plot to murther Cap. Smith Smith taketh the King of Paspahegh prisoner Cap. Smith taketh two Salvages prisoners The Salvages desire Peace Okaning his Oration A Salvage smoothered at Iames towne and recovered Two or three Salvages slaine in drying Powder Great extremitie by Rats Bread made of dried Sturgeon Their desire to destroy themselues The Presidents order for the drones But seuen of 200 dyed in nine monethâ— The Salvages returne our fugitiues Master Sicklemores Iourney to Chawwonoke Master Powels iorney to the Mangoags The Dutch mens proiects Two Gentlemen sent to the Germans The first arriuall of Captaine Argall Note these inconveniences The alteratâ—on of the government S ir Thomas Smith Treasurer The losse of Virginia The Salvages offer to fight vnder our colours Mutinies The planting Nandsamund The breach of peace with the Salvages Powhatan bought for Copper Mutiniâ— Fiue suppresse an hundred and twentie Breach of peace with the Salvage at the Falleâ— An assalt by the Salvages The planting of Non-such The Salvages appeased Captaine Smith blowne vp with powder A bloudy intent The causes why Smith left the Countrey and his Commission The ends of the Dutch-men * Hindereâ—â— The planting Point Comfort The arriuall of Sir Thomas Gates Iames towne abandoned The arriuall of the Lord la Ware Sir George Sommers returne to the Bermudas The building Fort Henry and Fort Charles Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer The Relation of the Lord la Ware 100. Kine and 200. Swine sent to Virginia Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer The arriuall of Sir Thomas Dale His preparation to build a new towne Diuers mutinie suppressed The second arriuall of Sir Thomas Gates The building of Henrico The building the Bermudas Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer Captaine Argals arriuall ☞ How Pocahontas was taken prisoner ☞ Seuen English returned from Powhatan prisoners Sir Thomas Dale his voyage to Pamavuke A man shot in the forehead Two of Powhatans sonnes come to see Pocahontas ☜ The mariage of Pocahontas to Master Iohn Rolfe Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer The Chicahamanias desire friendship Articles of Peace The benefit of libertie in the planters William Spence the first Farmer in Virginia Captaine Argall voyage to Port Royall Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer Master Hamars iourney to Powhatan His message to Powhatan Powhatans answer William Parker recouered From a letter of Sir Thomas Dale and Master Wâ—itakers Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer A Spanish Ship in Virginia Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer A digression The gouernment of Captaine Yeaâ—ley Twelue Saluages slaine twelue prisoners taken and peace concluded 〈◊〉 108 Eleuen men cast away A bad-presiders Pocahontas instructions A relation to Queene Anne of Pocahontas
Pocahontas meeting in England with Captaine Smith Vitamatomack obseruations of his vsage Pocahontas her entertainment with the Queene Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer The death of Pocahontas 1000. bushels of Corne from the Saluages Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer The death of the Lord la Ware They are relieued in New-England Richard Killingbeck and foure other murdered by the Saluages Their Church and Store-house Farfax three children and two boyes also murdered Powhatans death Haile-stones eight inches about Sir Edwin Sands Treasurer Master Iohn Fareâ— Deputie Waraskoyack planted A barrell they account foure bushels Their time of Parlament Foure corporations named Captaine Wards exploit The number of Ships and men Gifts giuen But few performe them The Earle of Southampton Treasurer and M. Iohn Ferrar Deputy A French-man cast away at Guardalupo The Spaniards begin The Vice-Admirall shot betweene wind and water The manner of their fight The Captaine slaine A worthy exploit of Lucas The euent of the fight The Eaâ—le of South-hampton Treasurer Master Iohn Farrar Deputy The election of Sir Francis Wyat Gouernour for Virginia Notes worthy obseruation A degression Master Stockams relation The arriuall of Sir Francis Wyat. Master Gookins Plantation The number of Ships and men Gifts giuen Patents granted My iourney to the Easterne shore A good place to make salt in The King of Pawtxunts entertainment The trecherie of Namanicus Thomas Saluages good seruice The Earle of Southâ—mpton Treasure and Nicolas Farrar Deputy Fiue and twentie sent only to build Barks and Boats The death of Nemattanow writ by M. Wimp Security a bad guard The manner of the massacre Their cruelty The murder of Master Thorp The slauâ—hter of Captaine Powell A Saluage slaine M. Baldwines escape M. Thomas Hamer with 22 escapeth Captaine Ralfe Hamer with forty escapeth The Saluages attempt to surprise a ship Six of the Councell slaine How it was reuealed Memorandums Captaine Smith His Maiesties gâ—t London sets out 100 persons A lamentable example tâ—o oft appâ—oued Note this conclusion How the Spaniaâ—ds raise their wealth in the West Indies How they were reduced to fiue or six places Gookiâ—s and 〈◊〉 resolutions The opinion of Captaine Smith The prouidence of Captaine Nuse Captaine Croshaw his voyage to Patawomâ—k The arriuall of this newes in England Captaine Smiths offer to the Company Their answer The manner of the Sallery Captaine Croshaw states at Patawomek and his aduentures The escape of Waters and his Wâ—â—e The arriuall of Captaine 〈◊〉 at Patawomek Croshaws Fort and plot for trade â—â—â—taine Madysâ—â—â—ent â—ent to Patawâ—mâ—k The industry of Captaine Nuse Captaine Powel kils 3. Saluages The opinion of Captaine Smith Sir George Yearleys iourny to Accomack Captaine Nuse his misery An Alarum foure slaine The kindnesse of the King of Patawomek A Saluageâ— policy Madâ—son takes the Kâ—ng and kils 30. oâ— 40. The King set at liberty A digression Their proceedings of the other plantations 300 surpriseth Nandsamund Samuell Collyer slaine They surprise Pamavuke The opinion of Captaine Smith How to subiect all the Saluages in Virginia The arriuall of Captaine Butler his accidents A strange deliueraâ—ce of Master Aâ—gent others How Captaine Spilman was left in the Riuer of Patawomek The Earle of Southampton Treasurer Apparell for one man and so after the rate for more The causes of our first miseries But â—8 English in all Virginia Proofes of the healthfulnesse of the Countrey How the Saluages became subiected How we liued of the natural fruits of the Countrey Proofe of the Commodities we returned What we built How I left the Country My charge My reward The King hath pleased to take it iâ—to 〈◊〉 â—â—â—sideration The description of the Iles. The clime temper and fertility Trees and Fruits The Prickell Peare The poison weed The red weed The purging Beane The costiue tree Red Pepper The Sea feather Fruits transported Birds Egge-Birds Cahowes The Tropicke Bird and the Pemblicos presagements Of Vermine 〈◊〉 Ashes The most hurtfull things in those Iles. How it is supposed they were called the Bermudâ—â— The building and calking their Barke His returne for England A most desperate estate by a storm The care and iudgement of Sir George Somers An euident token of Gods mercy Sir George Somers 〈…〉 What meanes they mâ—de to send to Virginia A mariage and two children borne Their arriuall in Virginia Sir George Sâ—mmers his returne to the Bermudas 〈…〉 The proceedings of the three men A peece of Amber-greece of 80. pound weight How they were supplied 1611. The arriuall of Master More 1612. Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer Their differences about the Amber-greece Chard in danger of hanging Master Mores industry in fortifying and planting A contention of the Minister agâ—inst the Gouernor Two peeces wâ—â—hed out of the Sea Aduenture The first supply 1613. The second supply Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer A strange increase of Potatoes The attempt of two Spanish ships A great famine and mortalitie Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer A strange being of Rauens All workes abandoned to get onely victual A supply and M. Mores returne Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer Master Carter Captaine Kendall Capt. Mansfield A wonderfull accident Treasure found in the Summer Iles. A new Gouernor chosen Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer Captaine Tuckars proceedings A Barke sent to the West Indies The Assises The strange aduenture of fiue men in a boat Plants from the West Indies The exploits of Captain Powâ—ll The second Assise The third Assise Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer The countrey neere deuoured with rats A strange confusion of rats The returne of M. Powel from the Indies A supposed mutiny by M. Pollard and M. Rich. 1618. The diuision of the Iles into Tribes Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer The first Magazin Two exploits of desperate Fugitiues The arriuall of the Blessing The arriuall of two ships Captaine Butler chosen Gouernor A plat-forme burnt and much hurt by a Hericano 1619. The refortifying the Kings Castle Amber-greece found The arriuall of two Dutch Frigots The differences betwixt the Ministers The rebuilding the Mount. The Tombe of Sir George Summers Their manner of lawes reformed Martiall Officers Ciuill Officers and Courts The second Assise A generall assemblie in manner a Parliament Their Acts. The arriuall of the Magazin ship 70000. weight of Tobacco The building of three bridges and other works The generall Assises and the proceedings A strange deliuerance of a Spanish wracke How they solemnized the powder treason and the arriuall of two ships The Spaniards returne and in danger againe 1621. Three English Murderers found in the Spanish wracke Their Assises and other passages A strange Sodomy More trialls about the wracks The Planters complaints The returne of Captaine Butler The Lord Caueâ—dâ—sh Tâ—easuâ—er Master Nicholas Farrar Deputy Sir Edward Sackuil Treasurer Master Gabriel Barber Deputy Note 1624. Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer and Master Edwards Deputy Sir Francis Popham Treasurer My first voyage to New England 1614. The coÌ„modities I got amounted to 1500. pounds The trechery of Master Hunt How Prince Charles
Antimony pag. 55 58. How to deale with the Salvages Smith neare killed with a Stingray With many other Accidents in the discovery A needlesse misery at Iames towne redressed pag. 58 59. The second Voyage to discover the Bay Their Incounter with the Massawomekes and Tockwhoghs the Sasquesahanoughs offer subiectio to the English The exceeding loue of the Salvage Mosâ—o Their fight with the Rapahanocks their fight with the Manahokes The King of Haslaâ—ingâ—'s brother taken prisoner his relation of those mountainers pâ—ac◠〈◊〉 with all those Nations pag. 5â—-64 The â—iscovery of the râ—ver Payankatank then sight with the Nâ—ndsamunds Chisapeacks their returne to Iames town p. 65. The Presidency surrendred to Cap. Smith The second Supply by Captaine Newport many Presents sent from England to Powhatan his scorne Consultations factions suppressed Cap. Smith visiteth Powhatan Pocahontas entertaines him with a Maske the Coronation of Powhatan and Conditions pag. 68. The discovery of the Monacans a punishment for swearing the Chickahamanians forced to Contribution the abuses of the Mariners Master Scriveners voyage to Werowocomoco pag. 68 70. Captaine Smiths Relation to England of the estate of the Colony the names of them arrived in this Supply pag. 71.72 Nandsamund forced to Contribution The first Marriage in Virginia Apamatuck discovered pag. 73. Captaine Smiths iourney to Pamavnkee The discovery of the Chawwonocks Smiths discourse to Powhatan His reply and slattery and his discourse of Peace and Warre Powhatans plot to murther Smith discovered by his daughter Pocahontas pag. 77. Their escape at Pamavnkee The Dutchmen deceiue Captaine Winne and arme the Salvages sixteene English beset by seven hundred Salvages Smith takes their King Opechankanough prisoner the Salvages excuse reconcilement p. 77. 80. Master Scrivener and others drowned Master Wiffins desperate iourney to Pamavnkee Powhatan constraines his men again to be trecherous he is forced to fraught their Ship Smith poysoned the Dutch mens trechery pag. 80 82. The Dutch-mens plot to murther Smith He taketh the King of Paspahegh prisoner and others they become all subiect to the English pag. 84. A Salvâ—ge smoothered yet recovered three or foure Salvages slaine in drying stolne powder Great extremity occasioned by ratts Bread made of dryed Sturgeon the punishment for loyterers the discovery of the Mangoags Captaine Argals first arrivall the inconveniences in a Plantation p. 84 89. The government altered the arrivall of the third Supply mutinies Nandsamund planted breach of peace with the Salvages Powhatans chiefe seat bought for Copper Mutinies pag. 90.91 Captaine Smith blowne vp with Gun-powder a bloudy intent the causes why he left the Country and his Commission his returne for England the ends of the Dutch-men Certaine Verses of seaven Gentlemen p 95. The fourth Booke With their Proceedings after the alteration of the Government HOw the mutiners proceeded the Salvage revolt the planting point Comfort Them at Nandsamund and the Fals defeated by the Salvages Captaine Ratliff with thirtie slaine by Powhatan The fruits of improvidence The arrivall of Sir Thomas Gates Iames Towne abandoned The arrivall of the Lord La Warre their actions and both their returnes pag. 105 108. The government left to Captaine Percie his proceedings The arrivall of Sir Thomas Dale and his actions pag. 109 110. The second arrivall of Sir Thomas Gates the building Henerico and the Bermudas how Captaine Argall tooke Pocahontas prisoner Dales voyage to Pamavnkee The marriage of Pocahontas to Master Rolfe Articles of Peace with the Salvages p. 110. 114. The government left to Sir Thomas Dale Captaine Argals voyage to port Royall Master Hamers to Powhatan and their Accidents pag. 115.116 The manner of the Lottery A Spanish Shippe in Virginia Dale with Pocahontas comes for England Capt. Yerley left Deputy Governour his warres and peace with the Chickahamanians and proceedings pag. 117 121. A relation to Queene Anne of the quality conditioÌ„ of Pocahontas how the Queen entertained her Capt. Argall sent governor the death of Powhatan ten English slaine Argals accidents and proceedings The Lord de la Warre sent againe governour his death A relation of their present estates Haile-stones 8. inches about pag. 121 125. Sir George Yerley sent gâ—vernor Waraskoyack planted A parliament in Virginia foure Corporations appointed the adventures of Cap. Ward the number of ships and men sent this yeare gifts given Patents granted pag. 125 127. A desperate Sea fight by Captaine Chester with two Spanish men of warre the names of the Adventurers pag. 128 138. Notes and observations A relation of their estates by Master Stockam The arrivall of Sir Francis Wyat with nine ships Master Gockings plantation and their accidents the number of ships and men sent this yeare gifts given Patents granted p. 139 141. Master Poties iourneyes to Pawtuxunt and other places with his accidents pag. 141. 143. Capt. Each sent to build Forts and Barks The cause and manner of the Massacre the numbers slaine the providence of Cap. Nuse Cap. Chroshaw his voyage to Patowomek pag. 143 151. Capt. Smiths offer to the Company to suppresse the Salvages Their answer the manner of the Satlery Chroshaw stayes at Patawomek the escape of Waters and his wife Cap. Hamar goes to Patawomek Chroshaws plot for all their preservations Capt. Madison sent to Patawomek Cap. Powell kils three Salvages Sir George Yerleys iourney to Acomack The misery of Captaine Nuse The kindness of the King of Patawomek a vile policy of a Salvage Madisons mischiefe vnto the Patawomeks It was not well don to make Opechankanough drinke healths 300. surpriseth Nandsamund and Pamavnkee The opinion of Cap. Smith how to subiect the Salvages The arriuall of Cap. Butler in Virginia and other Accidents pag. 152 161. The losse of Cap. Spilman and 26. men A particular of such necessaries as are fit for private persons or families pag. 161.162 A briefe relation by Cap. Smith to his Maiâ—sties Commissioners for the reformation of Virginia The 7 questions the right Worthie Commissioners demanded and his answers how the King hath pleased to take it into his consideration pag. 163 168. At this present two ships are going more a preparing new Commissions sent A Proclamation no Tobacco be vsed in EnglaÌ„d but what shall come from Virginia or the Somer Isles quere the Proclamation The fift Booke A Mappe of the Somer Isles and Fortresses The description of the Isles the fruits fishes soyle ayre beasts birds with the relation of the shipwrack of Henry May. pag. 169 173. The shipwrack of Sir Tho Gates and Sir George Somers their accidents deliveraÌ„ce and arrivall in Virginia Somers returne to the Isles his death and Epitaph the accidents hapned three men lived there alone two yeares pag. 174 177. Master More sent to make a plantation A peece of Amber Greece found of 80. pound weight much dissension Mores industrie in fortifying and waighing Ordnance out of the wraâ—ks Their first Supply a strange increase of Potatoes The attempt of 2 Spanish ships a great mortality a strange being
wondrous shapes Of bodies strange and huge in growth and of stupendious makes At last they brought him to Meronocomoco where was Powhatan their Emperor Here more then two hundred of those grim Courtiers stood wondering at him as he had beene a monster till Powhatan and his trayne had put themselues in their greatest braveries Before a fire vpon a seat like a bedsted he sat covered with a great robe made of Rarowcun skinnes and all the tayles hanging by On either hand did sit a young wench of 16 or 18 yeares and along on each side the house two rowes of men and behind them as many women with all their heads and shoulders painted red many of their heads bedecked with the white downe of Birds but every one with something and a great chayne of white beads about their necks At his entrance before the King all the people gaue a great shout The Queene of Appamatuck was appointed to bring him water to wash his hands and another brought him a bunch of feathers in stead of a Towell to dry them having feasted him after their best barbarous manner they could a long consultation was held but the conclusion was two great stones were brought before Powhatan then as many as could layd hands on him dragged him to them and thereon laid his head and being ready with their clubs to beate out his braines Pocahontas the Kings dearest daughter when no intreaty could prevaile got his head in her armes and laid her owne vpon his to saue him from death whereat the Emperour was contented he should liue to make him hatchets and her bells beads and copper for they thought him aswell of all occupations as themselues For the King himselfe will make his owne robes shooes bowes arrowes pots plant hunt or doe any thing so well as the rest They say he bore a pleasant shew But sure his heart was sad For who can pleasant be and rest That liues in feare and dread And having life suspected doth It still suspected lead Two dayes after Powhatan having disguised himselfe in the most fearefullest manner he could caused Cap t Smith to be brought forth to a great house in the woods and there vpon a mat by the fire to be left alone Not long after from behinde a mat that divided the house was made the most dolefullest noyse he ever heard then Powhatan more like a devill then a man with some two hundred more as blacke as himselfe came vnto him and told him now they were friends and presently he should goe to Iames towne to send him two great gunnes and a gryndstone for which he would giue him the Country of Capahowosick and for ever esteeme him as his sonne Nantaquoud So to Iames towne with 12 guides Powhatan sent him That night they quarterd in the woods he still expecting as he had done all this long time of his imprisonment every houre to be put to one death or other for all their feasting But almightie God by his divine providence had mollified the hearts of those sterne Barbarians with compassion The next morning betimes they came to the Fort where Smith having vsed the Salvages with what kindnesse he could he shewed Rawhunt Powhatans trusty servant two demi-Culverings a mill-stone to carry Powhatan they found them somewhat too heavie but when they did see him discharge them being loaded with stones among the boughs of a great tree loaded with Isickles the yee and branches came so tumbling downe that the poore Salvages ran away halfe dead with feare But at last we regained some conference with them and gaue them such toyes and sent to Powhatan his women and children such presents as gaue them in generall full content Now in Iames Towne they were all in combustion the strongest preparing once more to run away with the Pinnace which with the hazzard of his life with Sakre falcon and musket shot Smith forced now the third time to stay or sinke Some no better then they should be had plotted with the President the next day to haue put him to death by the Leviticall law for the liues of Robinson and Emry pretending the fault was his that had led them to their ends but he quickly tooke such order with such Lawyers that he layd them by the heeles till he sent some of them prisoners for England Now ever once in foure or fiue dayes Pocahontas with her attendants brought him so much provision that saved many of their liues that els for all this had starved with hunger Thus from numbe death our good God sent reliefe The sweete asswager of all other griefe His relation of the plenty he had seene especially at Warawocomoco and of the state and bountie of Powhatan which till that time was vnknowne so revived their dead spirits especially the loue of Pocahontas as all mens feare was abandoned Thus you may see what difficulties still crossed any good indevour and the good successe of the businesse being thus oft brought to the very period of destruction yet you see by what strange means God hath still delivered it As for the insufficiency of them admitted in Commission that error could not be prevented by the Electors there being no other choise and all strangers to each others education qualities or disposition And if any deeme it a shame to our Nation to haue any mention made of those inormities let them pervse the Histories of the Spanyards Discoveries and Plantations where they may see how many mutinies disorders and dissentions haue accompanied them and crossed their attempts which being knowne to be particular mens offences doth take away the generall scorne and contempt which malice presumption covetousnesse or ignorance might produce to the scandall and reproach of those whose actions and valiant resolutions deserue a more worthy respect Now whether it had beene better for Captaine Smith to haue concluded with any of those severall proiects to haue abandoned the Countrey with some ten or twelue of them who were called the better sort and haue left Mr Hunt our Preacher Master Anthony Gosnoll a most honest worthy and industrious Gentleman Master Thomas Wotton and some 27 others of his Countrymen to the fury of the Salvages famine and all manner of mischiefes and inconveniences for they were but fortie in all to keepe possession of this large Country or starue himselfe with them for company for want of lodging or but adventuring abroad to make them provision or by his opposition to preserue the action and saue all their liues I leaue to the censure of all honest men to consider But We men imagine in our Iolitie That 't is all one or good or bad to be But then anone wee alter this againe If happily wee feele the sence of paine For then we 're turn'd into a mourning vaine Written by Thomas Studley the first Cape Merchant in Virginia Robert Fenton Edward Harrington and I. S. CHAP. III. The Arrivall of the first supply with their
time he importunately desired them but Smith seemed so much the more to affect them as being composed of a most rare substance of the coulour of the skyes and not to be worne but by the greatest kings in the world This made him halfe madde to be the owner of such strange Iewells so that ere we departed for a pound or two of blew beades be brought ouer my king for 2. or 300. Bushells of corne yet parted good friends The like entertainment we found of Opechankanough king of Pamavnkee whom also he in like manner fitted at the like rates with blew beads which grew by this meanes of that estimation that none durst weare any of them but their great kings their wiues and children And so we returned all well to Iames towne where this new supply being lodged with the rest accidentally fired their quarters and so the towne which being but thatched with reeds the fire was so fierce as it burnt their Pallisado's though eight or ten yards distant with their Armes bedding apparell and much priuate prouision Good Master Hunt our Preacher lost all his Library and all he had but the cloathes on his backe yet none neuer heard him repine at his losse This happned in the winter in that extreame frost 1607. Now though we had victuall sufficient I meane onely of Oatmeale meale and corne yet the Ship staying 14. weekes when shee might as wel haue beene gone in 14. dayes spent a great part of that and neare all the rest that was sent to be landed When they departed what there discretion could spare vs to make a little poore meale or two we called feastes to relish our mouthes of each somwhat they left vs yet I must confesse those that had either money spare clothes credit to giue billes of paiment gold rings furrs or any such commodities were euer welcome to this remouing tauerne such was our patience to obay such vile Commanders and buy our owne provisions at 15. times the value suffering them feast we bearing the charge yet must not repine but fast least we should incurre the censure of factious and seditious persons and then leakage ship-rats and other casuallties occasioned them losse but the vessels and remnants for totals we were glad to receaue with all our hearts to make vp the account highly commending their prouidence for preseruing that least they should discourage any more to come to vs. Now for all this plenty our ordynary was but meale and water so that this great charge little releeued our wants whereby with the extremitie of the bitter cold frost and those defects more then halfe of vs dyed I cannot deny but both Smith and Skriuener did their best to amend what was amisse but with the President went the maior part that there hornes were to short But the worst was our guilded refiners with their golden promises made all men their slaues in hope of recompences there was no talke no hope no worke but dig gold wash gold refine gold loade gold such a bruit of gold that one mad fellow desired to be buried in the sands least they should by there art make gold of his bones little neede there was and lesse reason the ship should stay there wages run on our victualls consume 14. weekes that the Mariners might say they did helpe to build such a golden Church that we can say the raine washed neere to nothing in 14. dayes Were it that captaine Smith would not applaude all those golden inventions because they admitted him not to the sight of their trialls nor golden consultations I know not but I haue heard him oft question with Captaine Martin tell him except he could shew him a more substantiall triall he was not inamoured with their durty skill breathing out these and many other passions neuer any thing did more torment him then to see all necessary busines neglected to fraught such a drunken ship with so much guilded durt Till then we neuer accounted Captaine Newport a refiner who being ready to set saile for England we not hauing any vse of Parliaments Plaies Petitions Admiralls Recorders Interpreters Chronologers Courts of Plea nor Iustices of peace sent Master Wingfield and Captaine Archer home with him that had ingrossed all those titles to seeke some better place of imployment Oh cursed gold those hunger-starved movers To what misfortunes lead'st thou all those lovers For all the China wealth nor Indies can Suffice the minde of an av'ritious man CHAP. IIII. The Arrivall of the Phoenix her returne and other Accidents THe authoritie now consisting in Captaine Martin and the still sickly President the sale of the Stores commodities maintained his estate as an inheritable revenew The spring approaching and the Ship departing Mr Scrivener and Captaine Smith devided betwixt them the rebuilding Iames towne the repairing our Pallizadoes the cutting downe trees preparing our fields planting our corne and to rebuild our Church and recover our Store house All men thus busie at their severall labours Master Nelson arrived with his lost Phoenix lost I say for that we all deemed him lost Landing safely all his men so well he had mannaged his ill hap causing the Indian Isles to feede his company that his victuall to that we had gotten as is said before was neare after our allowance sufficient for halfe a yeare He had not any thing but he freely imparted it which honest dealing being a Marriner caused vs admire him we would not haue wished more then he did for vs. Now to relade this ship with some good tydings the President not holding it stood with the dignitie of his place to leaue the Fort gaue order to Captaine Smith to discover and search the commodities of the Monacans Countrey beyond the Falls Sixtie able men was allotted them the which within six dayes Smith had so well trained to their armes and orders that they little feared with whom they should incounter yet so vnseasonable was the time and so opposit was Captaine Martin to any thing but onely to fraught this ship also with his phantasticall gold as Captaine Smith rather desired â—o relade her with Cedar which was a present dispatch then either with durt or the hopes and reports of an vncertaine discovery which he would performe when they had lesse charge and more leisure But The God of Heav'n He eas'ly can Immortalize a mortall man With glory and with fame The same God ev'n as eas'ly may Afflict a mortall man I say With sorrow and with shame Whilst the conclusion was a resolving this hapned Powhatan to expresse his loue to Newport when he departed presented him with twentie Turkies conditionally to returne him twentie â—words which immediately was sent him now after his departure he presented Captaine Smith with the like luggage but not finding his humor obeyed in not sending such weapons as he desired he caused his people with twentie devices to obtaine them At last by ambuscadoes at our
very Ports they would take them perforce surprise vs at worke or any way which was so long permitted they became so insolent there was no rule the command from England was so strait not to offend them as our authoritie-bearers keeping their houses would rather be any thing then peace-breakers This charitable humor prevailed till well it chanced they medled with Captaine Smith who without farther deliberation gaue them such an incounter as some he so hunted vp and downe the Isle some he so terrified with whipping beating and imprisoâ—ment as for revenge they surprised two of our forraging disorderly souldiers and having assembled their forces boldly threatned at our Ports to force Smith to redeliver seven Salvages which for their villanies he detained prisoners or we were all but dead men But to try their furies he sallied out amongst them and in lesse then an houre he so hampred their insolencies they brought them his two men desiring peace without any further composition for their prisoners Those he examined and caused them all beleeue by severall vollies of shot one of their companions was shot to death because they would not confesse their intents and plotters of those villanies And thus they all agreed in one point they were directed onely by Powhatan to obtaine him our weapons to cut our owne throats with the manner where how and when which we plainly found most true and apparant yet he sent his messengers and his dearest daughter Pocahontas with presents to excuse him of the iniuries done by some rash vntoward Captaines his subiects desiring their liberties for this time with the assurance of his loue for ever After Smith had given the prisoners what correction he thought fit vsed them well a day or two after then delivered them Pocahontas for whose sake onely he fayned to haue saued their liues and gaue them libertie The patient Councell that nothing would moue to warre with the Salvages would gladly haue wrangled with Captaine Smith for his crueltie yet none was slaine to any mans knowledge but it brought them in such feare and obedience as his very name would sufficiently affright them where before wee had sometime peace and warre twice in a day and very seldome a weeke but we had some trecherous villany or other The fraught of this Ship being concluded to be Cedar by the diligence of the Master and Captaine Smith she was quickly reladed Master Scrivener was neither idle nor slow to follow all things at the Fort the Ship being ready to set sayle Captaine Martin being alwayes very sickly and vnserviceable and desirous to inioy the credit of his supposed Art of finding the golden Mine was most willingly admitted to returne for England For He hath not fill'd his lapp That still doth hold it oap From the writings of Thomas Studley and Anas Tâ—dkill Their Names that were landed in this Supply Mathew Scrivener appointed to be one of the Councell Gent. Michaell Phittiplace William Phittiplace Ralph Morton Richard Wyffing Iohn Taverner William Cantrell Robert Barnes Richard Fetherstone George Hill George Pretty Nathaniell Causy Peter Pory Robert Gutler Michaell Sicklemore William Bentley Thomas Coe Doctor Russell Ieffrey Abbot Edward Gurgana Richard Worley Timothy Leeds Richard Killingbeck William Spence Richard â—rodger Richard Pots Richard Mullinax William Bayley Francis Perkins Iohn Harper George Forest. Iohn Nichols William Griuell Labourers RaymoÌ„d Goodison William Simons Iohn Spearman Richard Bristow William Perce Iames Watkins Iohn Bouth Christopher Rods. Richard Burket Iames Burre Nicholas Ven. Francis Perkins Richard Gradon Rawland Nelstrop Richard Savage Thomas Savage Richard Milmer William May. Vere Michaell Bishop Wiles Taylers Thomas Hope William Ward Iohn Powell William Yong. William Beckwith Larence Towtales Apothecaries Thomas Field Iohn Harford Dani Stallings Ieweller Will Dawson a refiner Abram Ransack a refiner Wil. Iohnson a Goldsmith Peter Keffer a gunsmith Rob. Alberton a perfumer Richard Belfuld a Goldsmith Post Ginnat a Chirurg Iohn Lewes a Cooper Robert Cotton a Tobacco-pipe-maker Richard Dole a Black-smith And divers others to the number of 120. CHAPTER V. The Accidents that hapned in the Discovery of the Bay of Chisapeack THe prodigalitie of the Presidents state went so deepe into our small store that Smith and Scrivener tyed him and his Parasites to the rules of proportion But now Smith being to depart the Presidents authoritie so overswayed the discretion of Mr Scrivener that our store our time our strength and labours were idely consumed to fulfill his phantasies The second of Iune 1608. Smith left the Fort to performe his Discovery with this Company Walter Russell Doctor of Physicke Gentlemen Ralfe Murton Thomas Momford William Cantrill Richard Fetherston Iames Burne Michell Sicklemore Souldiers Ionas Profit Anas Todkill Robert Small Iames Watkins Iohn Powell Iames Read Richard Keale These being in an open Barge neare three tuns burthen leaving the Phoenix aâ— Cape Henry they crossed the Bay to the Easterne shore and fell with the Isles called Smiths Isles after our Captaines name The first people we saw were two grim and stout Salvages vpon Cape Charles with long poles like lauelings headed with bone they boldly demanded what we were and what we would but after many circumstances they seemed very kinde and directed vs to Accomack the habitation of their Werowance where we were kindly intreated This King was the comliest proper civill Salvage we incountred His Country is a pleasant fertile clay â—oyle some small creekes good Harbours for small Barks but not for Ships He told vs of a strange accident lately happened him and it was two children being dead some extreame passions or dreaming visions phantasies or affection moued their parents againe to revisit their dead carkases whose benummed bodies reflected to the eyes of the beholders such delightfull countenances as though they had regained their vitall spirits This as a miracle drew many to behold them all which being a great part of his people not long after dyed and but few escaped They spake the language of Powhatan wherein they made such descriptions of the Bay Isles and rivers that often did vs exceeding pleasure Passing along the coast searching every inlet and Bay fit for harbours and habitations Seeing many Isles in the midst of the Bay we bore vp for them but ere we could obtaine them such an extreame gust of wind rayne thunder and lightening happened that with great danger we escaped the vnmercifull raging of that Ocean-like water The highest land on the mayne yet it was but low we called Keales hill and these vninhabited Isles Russels Isles The next day searching them for fresh water we could find none the defect whereof forced vs to follow the next Easterne Channell which brought vs to the river of Wighcocomoco The people at first with great fury seemed to assault vs yet at last with songs and daunces and much mirth became very tractable but searching their habitations for water we could fill but
Waraskoyack the 20 of Iuly where trimming her with painted streamers and such devises as we could we made them at Iames towne iealous of a Spanish Frigot where we all God be thanked safely arrived the 21 of Iuly There we found the last Supply were all sicke the rest some lame some bruised all vnable to doe any thing but complaine of the pride and vnreasonable needlesse crueltie of the silly President that had riotously consumed the store and to fulfill his follies about building him an vnnecessary building for his pleasure in the woods had brought them all to that misery that had we not arrived they had as strangely tormented him with revenge but the good newes of our Discovery and the good hope we had by the Salvages relation that our Bay had stretched into the South Sea or somewhat neare it appeased their fury but conditionally that Ratliffe should be deposed and that Captaine Smith would take vpon him the government as by course it did belong Their request being effected he substituted Mr Scrivener his deare friend in the Presidency equally distributing those private provisions the other had ingrossed appointing more honest officers to assist master Scrivener who then lay exceeding sicke of a Callenture and in regard of the weaknesse of the company and heate of the yeare they being vnable to worke he left them to liue at ease to recover their healths but imbarked himselfe to finish his Discovery Written by Walter Russell Anas Todkill and Thomas Momford CHAP. VI. The Government surrendred to Master Scrivener What happened the second Voyage in discovering the Bay THe 24 of Iuly Captaine Smith set forward to finish the discovery with twelue men their names were Gentlemen Nathaniell Powell Thomas Momford Richard Fetherston Michell Sicklemore Iames Bourne Anthony Bagnall Chir. Souldiers Ionas Profit Anas Todkill Edward Pising Richard Keale Iames Watkins William Ward The wind being contrary caused our stay two or three dayes at Kecoughtan the King feasted vs with much mirth his people were perswaded we went purposely to be revenged of the Massawomeks In the evening we fired a few rackets which flying in the ayre so terrified the poore Salvages they supposed nothing vnpossible we attempted and desired to assist vs. The first night we anchored at Stingray Isle The next day crossed Patawomeks river and hasted to the river Bolus We went not much further before we might see the Bay to divide in two heads and arriving there we found it divided in foure all which we searched so farre as we could sayle them Two of them we found inhabited but in crossing the Bay we incountred 7 or 8 Canowes full of Massawomeks we seeing them prepare to assault vs left our Oares and made way with our sayle to incounter them yet were we but fiue with our Captaine that could stand for within 2 dayes after we left Kecoughtan the rest being all of the last supply were sicke almost â—o death vntill they were seasoned to the Country Having shut them vnder our Tarpawling we put their hats vpon stickes by the Barges side and betwixt two hats a man with two peeces to make vs seeme many and so we thinke the Indians supposed those hats to be men for they fled with all possible speed to the shore and there stayed staring at the sayling of our barge till we anchored right against them Long it was ere we could draw them to come vnto vs. At last they sent two of their company vnarmed in a Canow the rest all followed to second them if neede required These two being but each presented with a bell brought aboord all their fellowes presenting our Captaine with venison beares flesh fish bowes arrowes clubs targets and beares-skinnes We vnderstood them nothing at all but by signes whereby they signified vnto vs they had beene at warres with the Tockwoghes the which they confirmed by shewing vs their greene wounds but the night parting vs we imagined they appointed the next morning to meete but after that we never saw them Entring the river of Tockwogh the Salvages all armed in a fleete of boats after their barbarous manner round invironed vs so it chanced one of them could speake the language of Powhatan who perswaded the rest to a friendly parley But when they saw vs furnished with the Massawomeks weapons and we faining the invention of Kecoughtan to haue taken them perforce they conducted vs to their pallizadoâ—d towne mantelled with the barkes of trees with scaffolds like mounts brested about with brests very formally Their men women and children with daunces songs fruits furres and what they had kindly welcommed vs spreading matâ— for vs to sit on stretching their best abilities to expresse their loues Many hatchets kniues peeces of iron and brasse we saw amongst them which they reported to haue from the Sasquesahanocks a mightie people and mortall enemies with the Massawomeks The Sasquesahanocks inhabit vpon the chiefe Spring of these foure branches of the Bayes head two dayes iourney higher then our barge could passe for rocks yet we prevailed with the Interpreter to take with him another Interpreter to perswade the Sasquesahanocks to come visit vs for their language are different Three or foure dayes we expected their returne then sixtie of those gyant-like people came downe with presents of Venison Tobacco pipes three foot in length Baskets Targets Bowes and Arrowes Fiue of their chiefe Werowances came boldly aboord vs to crosse the Bay for Tockwhogh leaving their men and Canowes the wind being so high they durst not passe Our order was daily to haue Prayer with a Psalme at which solemnitie the poore Salvages much wondred our Prayers being done a while they were busied with a consultation till they had contrived their businesse Then they began in a most passionate manner to hold vp their hands to the Sunne with a most fearefull song then imbracing our Captaine they began to adore him in like manner though he rebuked them yet they proceeded till their song was finished which done with a most strange furious action and a hellish voyce began an Oration of their loues that ended with a great painted Beares skin they covered him then one ready with a great chayne of white Beads weighing at least six or seaven pound hung it about his necke the others had 18 mantels made of divers sorts of skinnes sowed together all these with many other toyes they layd at his feete stroking their ceremonious hands about his necke for his Creation to be their Governour and Protector promising their aydes victualls or what they had to be his if he would stay with them to defend and revenge them of the Massawomecks But we left them at Tockwhogh sorrowing for our departure yet we promised the next yeare againe to visit them Many descriptions and discourses they made vs of Atquanachuck Massawomek other people signifying they inhabit vpon a great water beyond the mountaines which we vnderstood to be some great
in a weeke For he who scornes and makes but iests of cursings and his othe He doth contemne not man but God nor God nor man but both By this let no man thinke that the President and these Gentlemen spent their times as common Wood-haggers at felling of trees or such other like labours or that they were pressed to it as hirelings or common slaues for what they did after they were but once a little invred it seemed and some conceited it onely as a pleasure and recreation yet 30 or 40 of such voluntary Gentlemen would doe more in a day then 100 of the rest that must be prest to it by compulsion but twentie good workemen had beene better then them all Master Scrivener Captaine Waldo and Captaine Winne at the Fort every one in like manner carefully regarded their charge The President returning from amongst the woods seeing the time consumed and no provision gotten and the Ship lay idle at a great charge and did nothing presently imbarked himselfe in the discovery barge giving order to the Councell to send Lieutenant Percie after him with the next barge that arrived at the Fort two Barges he had himselfe and 18 men but arriving at Chickahamania that dogged Nation was too well acquainted with our wants refusing to trade with as much scorne and insolency as they could expresse The President perceiuing it was Powhatans policy to starue vs told them he came not so much for their Corne as to revenge his imprisonment and the death of his men murthered by them and so landing his men and readie to charge them they immediately fled and presently after sent their Ambassadors with corne fish foule and what they had to make their peace their Corne being that yeare but bad they complained extreamely of their owne wants yet fraughted our Boats with an hundred Bushels of Corne and in like manner Lieutenant Percies that not long after arrived and having done the best they could to content vs we parted good friends and returned to Iames towne Though this much contented the Company that feared nothing more then starving yet some so envied his good successe that they rather desired to hazzard a starving then his paines should proue so much more effectuall then theirs Some proiects there were invented by Newport and Ratliffe not onely to haue deposed him but to haue kept him out of the Fort for that being President he would leaue his place and the Fort without their consents but their hornes were so much too short to effect it as they themselues more narrowly escaped a greater mischiefe All this time our old Taverne made as much of all them that had either money or ware as could be desired by this time they were become so perfect on all sides I meane the souldiers saylers and Salvages as there was tenne times more care to maintaine their damnablâ— and private trade then to provide for the Colony things that were necessary Neither was it a small policy in Newport and the Marriners to report in England we had such plentie and bring vs so many men without victuals when they had so many private Factors in the Fort that within six or seauen weeks of two or three hundred Axes Chissels How 's and Pick-axes scarce twentie could be found and for Pike-heads shot Powder or any thing they could steale from their fâ—llowes was vendible they knew as well and as secretly how to convey them to trade with the Salvages for Furres Baskets Mussaneeks young Beasts or such like Commodities as exchange them with the Saylers for Butter Cheese Beefe Porke Aqua vitae Beere Bisket Oatmeale and Oyle and then fayne all was sent them from their friends And though Virginia affoorded no Furres for the Store yet one Master in one voyage hath got so many by this indirect meanes as he confessed to haue sold in England for 30l. Those are the Saint-seeming Worthies of Virginia that haue notwithstanding all this meate drinke and wages but now they begin to grow weary their trade being both perceived and prevented none hath beene in Virginia that hath observed any thing which knowes not this to be true and yet the losse the scorne the misery and shame was the poore Officers Gentlemen and carelesse Governours who were all thus bought sold the adventurers cousened and the action overthrowne by their false excuses informations and directions By this let all men iudge how this businesse could prosper being thus abused â—y such pilfring occasions And had not Captaine Newport cryed Peccavi the President would haue discharged the ship and caused him to haue stayed one yeare in Virginia to learne to speake of his owne experience Master Scrivener was sent with the Barges and Pinnace to Werowocomoco where he found the Salvages more readie to fight then trade but his vigilancy was such as prevented their proiects and by the meanes of Namontack got three or foure hogsheads of Corne and as much Pocones which is a red roote which then was esteemed an excellent Dye Captaine Newport being dispatched with the tryals of Pitch Tarre Glasse Frankincense Sope ashes with that Clapboord and Waynscot that could be provided met with Mr Scrivener at poynt Comfort and so returned for England We remaining were about two hundred ¶ The Copy of a Letter sent to the Treasurer and Councell of Virginia from Captaine Smith then President in VIRGINIA Right Honorable c. I Received your Letter wherein you write that our minds are so set vpon faction and idle conceits in diuiding the Country without your consents and that we feed You but with ifs ands hopes some few proofes as if we would keepe the mysteâ—y of the businesse to our selues and that we must expresly follow your instructions sent by Captain Newport the charge of whose voyage amounts to neare two thousand pounds the which if we cannot defray by the Ships returne we are like to râ—main as banished men To these particulars I humbly intreat your Pardons if I offend you with my rude Answer For our factions vnlesse you would haue me run away and leaue the Country I caâ—not prevent them because I do make many stay that would els fly any whether For the iâ—le Letter sent to my Lord of Salisbury by the President and his confâ—derats for diuiding the Country c. What it was I know not for you saw no hand of mine to it nor euer dream't I of any such matter That we feed you with hopes c. Though I be no scholer I am past a schoole boy and I desire but to know what either you and these here doe know but that I haue learned to tell you by the continuall hazard of my life I haue not concealed from you any thing I know but I feare some cause you to beleeue much more then is true Expresly to follow your direstions by Captaine Newport though they be performed I was directly against it but according to our
many vollies of shot for flights of Arrowes Captaine Smith hearing of this in returning to the Fort tooke two Salvages prisoners called Kemps and Tussore the two most exact villaines in all the Country With these he sent Captaine Winne and fiftie choise men and Lieutenant Percie to haue regained the King and revenged this iniury and so had done if they had followed his directions or beene advised with those two villaines that would haue betrayed both King kindred for a peece of Copper but he trifling away the night the Salvages the next morning by the rising of the Sunne braved him to come ashore to fight a good time both sides let fly at other but we heard of no hurt onely they tooke two Canowes burnt the Kings house and so returned to Iames towne The President fearing those Bravado's would but incourage the Salvages began againe himselfe to try his conclusions whereby six or seauen were slaine as many made prisoners He burnt their houses tooke their Boats with all their fishing wires and planted some of them at Iames towne for his owne vse and now resolved not to cease till he had revenged himselfe of all them had iniured him But in his iourney passing by Paspahegh towards Chickahamania the Salvages did their best to draw him to their Ambuscadoes but seeing him regardlesly passe their Country all shewed themselues in their bravest manner To try their valours he could not but let fly and ere he could land they no sooner knew him but they threw downe their armes and desired peace Their Orator was a lustie young fellow called Okaning whose worthy discourse deserveth to be remembred And thus it was Captaine Smith my Master is here present in the company thinking it Capt. Winne and not you of him he intended to haue beene revenged having never offended him If he hath offended you in escaping your imprisonment the fishes swim the foules fly and the very beasts striue to escape the snare and liue Then blame not him being a man He would intreat you remember you being a prisoner what paines he tooke to saue your life If since he hath iniured you he was compelled to it but howsoeuer you haue revenged it with our too great losse We perceive and well know you intend to destroy vs that are here to intreat and desire your friendship and to enioy our houses and plant our fields of whose fruit you shall participate otherwise you will haue the worse by our absence for we can plant any where though with more labour and we know you cannot liue if you want our harvest and that reliefe we bring you If you promise vs peace we will beleeue you if you proceed in revenge we will abandon the Country Vpon these tearmes the President promised them peace till they did vs iniury vpon condition they should bring in provision Thus all departed goods friends and so continued till Smith left the Countrey Arriving at Iames Towne complaint was made to the President that the Chickahamanians who all this while continued trade and seemed our friends by colour thereof were the onely theeues And amongst other things a Pistoll being stolne and the theefe fled there was apprehended two proper young fellowes that were brothers knowne to be his confederates Now to regaine this Pistoll the one was imprisoned the other was sent to returne the Pistoll againe within twelue houres or his brother to be hanged Yet the President pittying the poore naked Salvage in the dungeon sent him victuall and some Char-coale for a fire ere midnight his brother returned with the Pistoll but the poore Salvage in the dungeon was so smoothered with the smoake he had made and so pittiously burnt that wee found him dead The other most lamentably bewayed his death and broke forth into such bitter agonies that the President to quiet him told him that if hereafter they would not steale he would make him aliue againe but he little thought he could be recovered Yet we doing our best with Aqua vitae and Vineger it pleased God to restore him againe to life but so drunke affrighted that he seemed Lunaticke the which as much tormented and grieued the other as before to see him dead Of which maladie vpon promise of their good behaviour the President promised to recover him and so caused him to be layd by a fire to sleepe who in the morning having well slept had recovered his perfect senses and then being dressed of his burning and each a peece of Copper giuen them they went away so well contented that this was spread among all the Salvages for a miracle that Captaine Smith could make a man aliue that was dead Another ingenuous Salvage of Powhatans having gotten a great bag of Powder and the backe of an Armour at Werowocomoco amongst a many of his companions to shew his extraordinary skill he did dry it on the backe as he had seene the Souldiers at Iames Towne But he dryed it so long they peeping over it to see his skill it tooke fire and blew him to death and one or two more and the rest so scorched they had little pleasure to meddle any more with powder These and many other such pretty Accidents so amazed and affrighted both Powhatan and all his people that from all parts with presents they desired peace returning many stolne things which we never demanded nor thought of and after that those that were taken stealing both Powhatan and his people haue sent them backe to Iames towne to receiue their punishment and all the Country became absolute as free for vs as for themselues CHAP. XI What was done in three moneths having Victualls The Store devoured by Rats how we liued three moneths of such naturall fruits as the Country affoorded NOw we so quietly followed our businesse that in three moneths wee made three or foure Last of Tarre Pitch and Sope ashes produced a tryall of Glasse made a Well in the Fort of excellent sweet water which till then was wanting built some twentie houses recovered our Church provided Nets and Wires for fishing and to stop the disorders of our disorderly theeues and the Salvages built a Blockhouse in the neck of our Isle kept by a Garrison to entertaine the Saluages trade and none to passe nor repasse Saluage nor Christian without the presidents order Thirtie or forty Acres of ground we digged and planted Of three sowes in eighteene moneths increased 60 and od Piggs And neere 500. chickings brought vp themselues without hauing any meat giuen them but the Hogs were transported to Hogâ—Isle where also we built a block-house with a garison to giue vs notice of any shipping and for their exercise they made Clapbord and waynicot and cut downe trees We built also a fort for a retreat neere a conuement Riuer vpon a high commanding hill very hard to be assalted and easie to be defended but ere it was finished this defect caused a stay In searching our casked
corne we found it halfe rotten and the rest so consumed with so many thousands of Rats that increased so fast out there originall was from the ships as we knew not how to keepe that little we had This did driue vs all to our wits end for there was nothing in the country but what nature afforded Vntill this time Kemps and Tassore were fettered prisoners and did double taske and taught vs how to order and plant our fields whom now for want of victuall we set at liberty but so well they liked our companies they did not desire to goe from vs. And to expresse their loues for 16. dayes continuance the Countrie people brought vs when least 100. a day of Squirrils Turkyes Deere and other wilde beasts But this want of corne occasioned the end of all our works it being worke sufficient to provide victuall 60. or 80. with Ensigne Laxon was sent downe the riuer to liue vpon Oysters and 20. with liutenant Percy to try for fishing at Poynt Comfort â— but in six weekes they would not agree once to cast out the net he being sicke and burnt fore with Gun-pouder Master West with as many went vp to the falls but nothing could be found but a few Acornes of that in store euery man had their equall proportion Till this present by the hazard and indeuours of some thirtie or fortie this whole Colony had ever beene fed We had more Sturgeon then could be deuoured by Dog and Man of which the industrious by drying and pounding mingled with Caviarâ— Sorell and other wholesome hearbes would make bread and good meate others would gather as much Tockwhogh roots in a day as would make them bread a weeke so that of those wilde fruites and what we caught we liued very well in regard of such a diet But such was the strange condition of some 150 that had they not beene forced nolens volens perforce to gather and prepare their victuall they would all haue starued or haue eaten one another Of those wild fruits the Salvages often brought vs and for that the President would not fullfill the vnreasonable desire of those distracted Gluttonous Loyterers to sell not only out kettles how 's tooles and Iron nay swords pieces and the very Ordnance and howses might they haue prevayled to haue beene but Idle for those Saluage fruites they would haue had imparted all to the Saluages especially for one basket of Corne they heard of to be at PowhataÌ„s fifty myles from our Fort. Though he bought neere halfe of it to satisfie their humors yet to haue had the other halfe they would haue sould their soules though not sufficient to haue kept them a weeke Thousands were there exclamations suggestions and deuises to force him to those base inventions to haue made it an occasion to abandon the Country Want perforce constrained him to indure their exclaiming follies till he found out the author one Dyer a most crafty fellow and his ancient Maligner whom he worthily punished and with the rest he argued the case in this maner Fellow souldiers I did little thinke any so false to report or so many to be so simple to be perswaded that I either intend to starue you or that Powhatan at this present hath corne for himselfe much lesse for you or that I would not haue it if I knew where it were to be had Neither and I thinke any so malitious as now I see a great many yet it shal not so passionate me but I will doe my best for my most maligner But dreame no longer of this vaine hope from Powhatan not that I will longer forbeare to force you from your Idlenesse and punish you if you rayle But if I finde any more runners for Newfoundland with the Pinnace let him assuredly looke to ariue at the Gallows You cannot deny but that by the hazard of my life many a time I haue saued yours when might your owne wills haue preuailed you would haue starued and will doe still whether I will or noe But I protest by that God that made me since necessitie hath not power to force you to gather for your selues those fruites the earth doth yâ—eld you shall not onely gather for your selues but those that are sicke As yet I neuer had more from the storâ— then the worst of you and all my English extraordinary prouision that I haue you shall see me diuide it amongst the sick And this Saluage trash you so scornfully repine at being put in your mouthes your stomackes can disgest if you would haue better you should haue brought it and therefore I will take a course you shall prouide what is to be had The sick shall not starue but equally share of all our labours and he that gathereth not every day as much as I doe the next day shall be set beyond the riuer and be banished from the Fort as a droue till he amend his conditions or starue But some would say with Seneca I know those things thou sayst are true good Nurse But fury forceth me to follow worse My man is burried headlong vp and downe Desiring better counsell yet finds none This order many murmured was very cruell but it caused the most part so well â—â—â—tirre themselues that of 200. â—xcept they were drowned there died not past seuen as for Captaine Winne and Master Leigh they were dead ere this want hapned and the rest dyed not so want of â—uch as preserued the rest Many were billetted amongst the Saluage â—hâ—râ—oy we knew all their passages fields and habitations how tâ— gather and vse there fruits as well as themselues for they did know wee had such a commanding power at Iames towne they durst not wrong vs of a pin So well those poore Salvages vsed vs that were thus billetted that diuers of the Sâ—uldiers ran away to search Kemps Tassore our old prisoners Glad were these Salvages to haue such an oportunity to testifie their loue vnto vs for in stead of entertaining them and such things as they had stollen with all their great Offers and promises they made them how to reuenge their iniuryes vpon Captaine Smith Kemps first madâ— himselfe sport in shewing his countrie men â—y them how he was vsed feeding â—eÌ„ with this law who would not work must not eat till they were neere starued in â—â—â—de continually threatning to beate them to death neither could they get from him till hee and his consorts brought them perforce to our Captaine that so well contented him and punished them as many others that intended also to follow them were rather contented to labour at home then aduenture to liue idlâ—ly amongst the Salvages of whom there was more hope to make better Christians 〈◊〉 good subiects then the one halfe of those that counterfeited themselues both For so affraide was 〈◊〉 those kings and the better sort of the people to displease vs that some of the baser sort that we haue extreamly hurt and punished for
there villanies would hire vs we should not tell it to their kings or countrymen who would also repunish them and yet returne them to Iames towne to content the President for a testimony of their loues Master Sicklemore well returned from Chawwonoke but found little hope and lesse certaintie of them were left by Sir Walter Raleigh The riuer he saw was not great the people few the countrey most over growne with pynes where there did grow here and there straglingly Pemminaw we call silke grasse But by the riuer the ground was good and exceeding furtill Master Nathanael powell and Anas Todkill were also by the Quiyoughquohanocks conducted to the Mangoags to search them there but nothing could they learne but they were all dead This honest proper good promise keeping king of all the rest did euer best affect vs and though to his false Gods he was very zealous yet he would confesse our God as much exceeded his as our Gunns did his Bow and Arrowes often sending our President may presents to pray to his God for raine or his corne would perish for his Gods were angry Three dayes iorney they conducted them through the woodâ— into a high country towards the Sâ—â—thwest â—here they saw here and there a little câ—rne fiâ—â—d by some little spring or smal brooke but no riuer they could see the peâ—â—le in all reâ—pects like the rest except there language they liue most vpon rootes fruites and wilde beastâ— and trade with them towards the sea and the fatter countryes for dryed fish and corne for skâ—ns All this time to recouer the Dutch-men and one Bentley another fugitiue we imployed one Williâ—m Volday a Zwitzar by birth with Pardons promises to regaine them Little we then suspected this double villaine of any villany who plainly taught vs in the most trust was the greatest treason for this wicked hypocrite by the seeming hate he bore to the lewd conditions of his cursed country men hauing this oportunity by his imployment to regaine them conuayed them euery thing they desired to eâ—fect their proiects to distroy the Colony With much deuotion they expected the Spaniard to whom they intended good seruice or any other that would but carry them from vs. But to begin with the â—â—rst oportunity thâ—â— seâ—ing necessitie thus inforced vs to disperse our selues importuned Powhatan to lend them but his forces and they would not onely distroy our Hoggs fire our towne and betray our Pinnace but bring to his seruice and subiection the most of our company With this plot they had acquainted many Discontents and many were agreed to their Deuilish practise But one Thomas Douse and Thomas Mallard whose christian hearts relented at such an vnchristian act voluntarily reuealed it to Captaine Smith who caused them to conceale it perswading â—ouse and Mallard to proceed in their confedracie onely to bring the irreclamable Dutch men and the inconstant Salvages in such a maner amongst such Ambuscado's as he had prepared that not many of theÌ„ should returne from our Peninsula But this brute coÌ„ming to the â—ares of the impatieÌ„t multitude they so importuned the President to cut off those Dutch men as amongst many that offred to cut their throats befâ—re the face of PowhataÌ„ the first was LieutenaÌ„t Percy and Mr. Iohn Cuderington two Gentlemen of as bold resolute spirits as could possibly be fouÌ„d But the PresideÌ„t had occasioÌ„ of other imploiment for them gaue gaue way to Master Wyffin and Sarieant Ieffrey Abbot to goe and stab them or shoot them But the Dutch men made such excuses accusing Velday whom they supposed had reuealed their proiect as Abbot would not yet Wyffing would perceiuing it but deceit The King vnderstanding of this their imployment sent presently his messengers to Captaine Smith to signifie it was not his fault to detaine them nor hinder his men from executing his command nor did he nor would he mantaine them or any to occasion his displeâ—sure But whilst this businesse was in hand Arriued one Captaine Argall and Master Thomas Sedan sent by Master Cornelius to truck with the Colony and fish for Sturgeon with a ship well furnished with wine and much other good provision Though it was not sent vs our necessities was such as inforced vs to take it He brought vs newes of a great supply and preparation for the Lord La Woore with letters that much taxed our President for his heard dealing with the Salvages and not returning the shippes fraughted Notwithstanding we kept this ship tell the fleere arriued True it is Argall lost his voyage but we renictualled him and sent him for England with a true relation of the causes of our defailments and how imposible it was to returne that wealth they expected or obserue there instructions to indure the Salvages insolencies or doe any thing to any purpose except they would send vs men and meanes that could produce that they so much desired otherwises all they did was lost and could not but come to confusion The villany of Volday we still dissembled Adam vpon his pardon came home but Samuell still stayed with Powhahan to heare further of their estates by this supply Now all their plots Simth so well vnderstood they were his best advantages to secure vs from any trechery could be done by them or the Salvages which with facility he could revenge when he would because all those countryes more feared him then Powhatan and hee had such parties with all his bordering neighbours and many of the rest for loue or feare would haue done any thing he would haue them vpon any commotion though these fugitiues had done all they could to perswade Powhatan King Iames would kill Smith for vsing him and his people so vnkindly By this you may see for all those crosses trecheries and dissentions how hee wrestled and overcame without bloudshed all that happened also what good was done how few dyed what food the Countrey naturally affoordeth what small cause there is men should starue or be murthered by the Salvages that haue discretion to mannage them with courage and industrie The two first yeares though by his adventures he had oft brought the Salvages to a tractable trade yet you see how the envious authoritie ever crossed him and frustrated his best endevours But it wrought in him that experience and estimation amongst the Salvages as otherwise it had bin impossible he had ever effected that he did Notwithstanding the many miserable yet generous and worthy adventures he had oft and long endured in the wide world yet in this case he was againe to learne his Lecture by experience Which with thus much adoe having obtained it was his ill chance to end when he had but onely learned how to begin And though he left those vnknowne difficulties made easie and familiar to his vnlawfull successors who onely by liuing in Iames Towne presumed to know more then all the world could direct them Now though they had
fortified himselfe but so apparantly distracted with feare as imboldened the Salvages to assault him kill his men release their King gather and carry away a thousand bushels of Corne he not once offering to intercept them but sent to the President then at the Falles for thirtie good shot which from Iames Towne immediately was sent him But he so well imployed them they did iust nothing but returned complaining of his tendernesse yet he came away with them to Iames Towne leauing his company to their fortunes Here I cannot omit the courage of George Forrest that had seauenteene Arrowes sticking in him and one shot through him yet liued sixe or seauen dayes as if he had small hurt then for want of Chirurgery dyed Master West having seated his men by the Falles presently returned to reuisit Iames Towne the President followed him to see that company seated met him by the way wondering at his so quicke returne and found his company planted so inconsiderately in a place not onely subiect to the rivers invndation but round invironed with many intollerable inconueniences For remedie whereof he presently sent to Powhatan to sell him the place called Powhatan promising to defend him against the Monacans And these should be his Conditions with his people to resigne him the Fort and houses and all that Countrey for a proportion of Copper that all stealing offenders should be sent him thereto receiue their punishment that every house as a Custome should pay him a Bushell of Corne for an inch square of Copper and a proportion of Pocones as a yearely tribute to King Iames for their protection as a dutie what else they could spare to barter at their best discretions But both this excellent place and those good Conditions did those furies refuse contemning both him his kinde care and authoritie So much they depended on the Lord Generals new Commission as they regarded none the worst they could doe to shew their spights they did supposing all the Monacans Country gold and none should come there but whom they pleased I doe more then wonder to thinke how onely with fiue men he either durst or would adventure as he did knowing how greedie they were of his bloud to land amongst them and commit to imprisonment all the Chiâ—ftaines of those mutinies till by their multitudes being an hundred and twentie they forced him to retyre yet in that interim he surprised one of their Boates wherewith he returned to their ship where in deed was their prouision which also he tooke and well it chanced he found the Marriners so tractable and constant or there had beene small possibilitie he had ever escaped There were divers other of better reason and experience that from their first landing hearing the generall good report of his old Souldiers and seeing with their eyes his actions so well mannaged with discretion as Captaine Wood Captaine Webbe Cap. Moone Captaine Fitz Iames Master William Powell Master Partridge Master White and divers others when they perceiued the malice of Ratliffe and Archer and their faction left their companies and ever rested his faithfull friends But the worst was that the poore Salvages that daily brought in their contribution to the President that disorderly company so tormented those poore soules by stealing their corne robbing their gardens beating them breaking their houses and keeping some prisoners that they daily complained to Captaine Smith he had brought them for Protectors worse enemies then the Monacans themselues which though till then for his loue they had endured they desired pardon if hereafter they defended themselues since he would not correct them as they had long expected he would So much they importuned him to punish their misdemeanors as they offered if he would leade them to fight for him against them But having spent nine dayes in seeking to reclaime them shewing them how much they did abuse themselues with these great guilded hopes of the South Sea Mines commodities or victories they so madly conceived then seeing nothing would prevaile he set sayle for Iames Towne Thus oft we see from small greene wounds and from a little griefe A greater sore and sicknesse growes then will admit reliefe For thus themselues they did be guile and with the rest play'd theefe Now no sooner was the Ship vnder sayle but the Salvages assaulted those hundred and twentie in their Fort finding some stragling abroad in the woods they slew many and so affrighted the rest as their prisoners escaped and they safely retyred with the swords and cloakes of those they had slaine But ere wee had sayled halfe a league our ship grounding gaue vs once more libertie to summon them to a parley where we found them all so strangely amazed with this poore silly assault of twelue Saluages that they submitted themselues vpon any tearmes to the Presidents mercy who presently put by the heeles sixe or seauen of the chiefe offenders the rest he seated gallantly at Powhatan in that Salvage Fort readie built and prettily fortified with poles and barkes of trees sufficient to haue defended them from all the Salvages in Virginia dry houses for lodgings and neere two hundred accres of ground ready to be planted and no place we knew so strong so pleasant and delightfull in Virginia for which we called it Non-such The Salvages also hee presently appeased redeliuering to either party their former losses Thus all were friends New officers appointed to command and the President againe ready to depart at that instant arriued Captaine West whose gentle nature by the perswasions and compassion of those mutinous prisoners alledging they had onely done this for his honor was so much abused that to regaine their old hopes new turboyles did arise For they a-shore being possessed of all there victuall munition and euery thing grew to that height in their former factions as the President left them to their fortunes they returned againe to the open ayre at Wests Fort abandoning Non such and he to Iames towne with his best expedition but this hapned him in that Iourney Sleeping in his Boate for the ship was returned two daies before accidentallie one fired his powder-bag which tore the flesh from his body and thighes nine or ten inches square in a most pittifull manner but to quench the tormenting fire frying him in his cloaths he leaped over-boord into the deepe river where ere they could recouer him he was neere drowned In this estate without either Chirurgian or Chirurgery he was to goe neere an hundred myles Arriving at Iames towne causing all things to be prepared for peace or warres to obtaine provision whilest those things were providing Ratliffe Archer the rest of their Confederates being to come to their trials their guiltie consciences fearing a iust reward for their deserts seeing the President vnable to stand and neere berest of his senses by reason of his torment they had plotted to haue murdered him in his bed But his heart
carpet of the earth and withall shall marke how the heauens heare the earth and the earth the Corne and Oile and they relieue the necessities of man that man will acknowledge Gods infinite Prouidence But hee that shall further obserue how God inclineth all casuall euents to worke the necessary helpe of his Saints must needs adore the Lords infinite goodnesse neuer had any people more iust cause to cast themselues at the very foot-â—toole of God and to reuerence his mercie than this distressed Colonie for if God had not sent Sir Thomas Gates from the Bermudas within foure daies they had almost beene famished if God had not directed the heart of that noble Knight to saue the Fort from fiering at their shipping for many were very importunate to haue burnt it they had beene destitute of a present harbour and succour if they had abandoned the Fort any longer time and had not so soone returned questionlesse the Indians would haue destroied the Fort which had beene the meanes of our safeties amongst them and a terror If they had set saile sooner and had lanched into the vast Ocean who would haue promised they should haue incountered the Fleet of the Lord la Ware especially when they made for New found land as they intended a course contrarie to our Nauie approaching If the Lord la Ware had not brought with him a yeeres prouision what comfort would those poore soules haue receiued to haue beene relanded to a second distruction This was the arme of the Lord of Hosts who would haue his people passe the red Sea and Wildernesse and then to possesse the land of Canaan It was diuinely spâ—ken of Heathen Socrates If God for man be carefull why should man bee ouer-distrustfull for he hath so tempered the contrary qualities of the Elements That neither cold things want heat nor moist things dry Nor sad things spirits to quicken them thereby Yet make they musicall content of contrarietie Which conquer'd knits them in such links together They doe produce euen all this whatsoeuer The Lord Gouernour after mature deliberation deliuered some few words to the Companie laying iust blame vpon them for their haughtie vanities and sluggish idlenesse earnestly intreating them to amend those desperate follies lest hee should be compelled to draw the sword of Iustice and to cut off such delinquents which he had rather draw to the shedding of his vitall bloud to protect them from iniuries heartning them with relation of that store hee had brought with him constituting officers of all conditions to rule ouer them allotting euery man his particular place to watch vigilantly and worke painfully This Oration and direction being receiued with a generall applause you might shortly behold the idle and restie diseases of a diuided multitude by the vnitie and authoritie of this gouernment to be substantially cured Those that knew not the way to goodnesse before but cherished singularitie and faction can now chalke out the path of all respectiue dutie and seruice euery man endeuoureth to outstrip other in diligence the French preparing to plant the Vines the English labouring in the Woods and grounds euery man knoweth his charge and dischargeth the same with alacritie Neither let any man be discouraged by the relation of their daily labour as though the sap of their bodies should bee spent for other mens profit the setled times of working to effect all themselues or as the Aduenturers need desire required no more paines than from six of the clocke in the morning vntill ten and from two in the afternoone till foure at both which times they are prouided of spirituall and corporall reliefe First they enter into the Church and make their praiers vnto God next they returne to their houses and receiue their proportion of food Nor should it bee conceiued that this businesse excludeth Gentlemen whose breeding neuer knew what a daies labour meant for though they cannot digge vse the Spade nor practice the Axe yet may the staied spirits of any condition finde how to imploy the force of knowledge the exercise of counsell the operation and power of their best breeding and qualities The houses which are built are as warme and defensiue against wind and weather as if they were tiled and slated being couered aboue with strong boards and some matted round with Indian mats Our forces are now such as are able to tame the furie and trecherie of the Saluages Our Forts assure the Inhabitants and frustrate all assaylants And to leaue no discouragement in the heart of any who personally shall enter into this great action I will communicate a double comfort first Sir George Sommers that worthy Admirall hath vndertaken a dangerous aduenture for the good of the Colonie Vpon the 15. of Iune accompanied with Captaine Samuel Argall hee returned in two Pinaces vnto the Bermudas promising if by any meanes God will open a way to that Iland of Rocks that he would soone returne with six moneths prouision of flesh with much crosse weather at last hee there safely arriued but Captaine Argall was forced backe againe to Iames towne whom the Lord De la Ware not long after sent to the Riuer of Patawomeke to trade for Corne where finding an English boy one Henry Spilman a young Gentleman well descended by those people preserued from the furie of Powhatan by his acquaintance had such good vsage of those kinde Saluages that they fraughted his ship with Corne wherewith he returned to Iames towne The other comfort is that the Lord la Ware hath built two new Forts the one called Fort Henry the other Fort Charles in honour of our most noble Prince and his hopefull brother vpon a pleasant plaine and neare a little Riuilet they call Southampton Riuer they stand in a wholsome aire hauing plentie of Springs of sweet water they command a great circuit of ground containing Wood Pasture and Marsh with apt places for Vines Corne and Gardens in which Forts it is resolued that all those that come out of England shall be at their first landing quartered that the wearisomnesse of the Sea may bee refreshed in this pleasing part of the Countrie and Sir Thomas Gates hee sent for England But to correct some iniuries of the Paspahegs he sent Captaine Pearcie Master Stacy and fiftie or threescore shot where the Saluages flying they burnt their houses tooke the Queene and her children prisoners whom not long after they slew The fertilitie of the soile the temperature of the climate the forme of gouernment the condition of our people their daily inuocating of the Name of God being thus expressed why should the successe by the rules of mortall iudgement bee disparaged why should not the rich haruest of our hopes be seasonably expected I dare say that the resolution of Caesar in France the designes of Alexander the discoueries of Hernando Cortes in the West and of Emanuel King of Portugal in the East were not encouraged vpon so firme grounds of state and
of them being more willing to be at Iames towne with the newes than the other was ouerset and eleuen men cast away with the Boat Corne and all their prouision notwithstanding this put all the rest of the Saluages in that feare especially in regard of the great league we had with Opechankanough that we followed our labours quietly and in such securitie that diuers saluages of other Nations daily frequented vs with what prouisions they could get and would guide our men on hunting and oft hunt for vs themselues Captaine Yearly had a Saluage or two so well trained vp to their peeces they were as expert as any of the English and one hee kept purposely to kill him fowle There were diuers others had Saluages in like manner for their men Thus we liued together as if wee had beene one people all the time Captaine Yearley staied with vs but such grudges and discontents daily increased among our selues that vpon the arriuall of Captaine Argall sent by the Councell and Companie to bee our Gouernour Captaine Yearley returned for England in the yeere 1617. From the writings of Captaine Nathaniel Powell William Cantrill Sergeant Boothe Edward Gurganey During this time the Lady Rebecca alias Pocahontas daughter to Powhatan by the diligent care of Master Iohn Rolfe her husband and his friends was taught to speake such English as might well bee vnderstood well instructed in Christianitie and was become very formall and ciuill after our English manner shee had also by him a childe which she loued most dearely and the Treasurer and Company tooke order both for the maintenance of her and it besides there were diuers persons of great ranke and qualitie had beene very kinde to her and before she arriued at London Captaine Smith to deserue her former courtesies made her qualities knowne to the Queenes most excellent Maiestie and her Court and writ a little booke to this effect to the Queene An abstract whereof followeth To the most high and vertuous Princesse Queene Anne of Great Brittanie Most admired Queene THe loue I beare my God my King and Countrie hath so oft emboldened mee in the worst of extreme dangers that now honestie doth constraine mee presume thus farre beyond my selfe to present your Maiestie this short discourse if ingratitude be a deadly poyson to all honest vertues I must bee guiltie of that crime if I should omit any meanes to bee thankfull So it is That some ten yeeres agoe being in Virginia and taken prisoner by the power of Powhatan their chiefe King I receiued from this great Saluage exceeding great courtesie especially from his sonne Nantaquaus the most manliest comeliest boldest spirit I euer saw in a Saluage and his sister Pocahontas the Kings most deare and wel-beloued daughter being but a childe of twelue or thirteene yeeres of age whose compassionate pitifull heart of my desperate estate gaue me much cause to respect her I being the first Christian this proud King and his grim attendants euer saw and thus inthralled in their barbarous power I cannot say I felt the least occasion of want that was in the power of those my mortall foes to preuent notwithstanding al their threats After some six weeks fatting amongst those Saluage Courtiers at the minute of my execution she hazarded the beating out of her owne braines to saue mine and not onely that but so preuailed with her father that I was safely conducted to Iames towne where I found about eight and thirtie miserable poore and sicke creatures to keepe possession of all those large territories of â—irginia such was the weaknesse of this poore Common-wealth as had the Saluages not fed vs we directly had starued And this reliefe most gracious Queene was commonly brought vs by this Lady Pocahontas notwithstanding all these passages when inconstant Fortune turned our peace to warre this tender Virgin would still not spare to dare to visit vs and by her our iarres haue beene oft appeased and our wants still supplyed were it the policie of her father thus to imploy her or the ordinance of God thus to make her his instrument or her extraordinarie affection to our Nation I know not but of this I am sure when her father with the vtmost of his policie and power sought to surprize mee hauing but eighteene with mee the darke night could not affright her from comming through the irkesome woods and with watered eies gaue me intelligence with her best aduice to escape his furie which had hee knowne hee had surely slaine her Iames towne with her wild traine she as freely frequented as her fathers habitation and during the time of two or three yeeres she next vnder God was still the instrument to preserue this Colonie from death famine and vtter confusion which if in those times had once beâ—ne dissolued Virginia might haue line as it was at our first arriuall to this day Since then this businesse hauing beene turned and varied by many accidents from that I left it at it is most certaine after a long and troublesome warre after my departure betwixt her father and our Colonie all which time shee was not heard of about two yeeres after shee her selfe was taken prisoner being so detained neere two yeeres longer the Colonie by that meanes was relieâ—ed peace concluded and at last reiecting her barbarous condition was maâ—ied to an Eâ—glâ—sâ— Geâ—â—leman with whom at this present she iâ— in England â—he first Christiâ—n â—uer of â—hat Nation the first Virgiâ—iâ—n euer spâ—ke Enâ—lâ—â—â—â—r â—r 〈…〉 mariage by an Eâ—glâ—shman a matter surely if my meaning bee truly â—â—â—â—â—dered and well vnderstood worthy a Princes vnderstanding Thus most gracious Lady I haue related to your Maâ—estie what at your best leasure our approued Hâ—stories will account you at large and done in the time of your Maiesties life and howeuer this might bee presented you from a more worthy pen iâ— cannot from a more honest heart as yet I neuer begged any thing of the state or any and it is my want of abilitie and her exceeding desert your birth meanes and authorâ—tie hir birth vertue want and simplicitie doth make mee thus bold humbly to beseech your Mâ—iestie to take this knowledge of her though it be from one so vnworthy to be the reporter as my selfe her husbands estate not being able to make her fit to attend your Maiestie the most and least I can doe is to tell you this because none so oft hath tried it as my selfe and the rather being of so great a spirit how euer her stature if she should not be well receiued seeing this Kingdome may rightly haue a Kingdome by her meanes her present loue to vs and Christianitie might turne to such scorne and furie as to diuert all this good to the worst of euill where finding so great a Queene should doe her some honour more than she can imagine for being so kinde to your seruants and subiects would so rauish her with content as endeare her dearest
inhumane people three hundred forty seuen men women and children most by their owne weapons and not being content with their liues they fell againe vpon the dead bodies making as well as they could a fresh murder defacing dragging and mangling their dead carkases into many peeces and carying some parts away in derision with base and brutish triumph Neither yet did these beasts spare those amongst the rest well knowne vnto them from whom they had daily receiued many benefits but spightfully also massacred them without any remorse or pitie being in this more fell then Lions and Dragons as Histories record which haue preserued their Benefactors such is the force of good deeds though done to cruell beasts to take humanitie vpon them but these miscreants put on a more vnnaturall brutishnesse then beasts as by those instances may appeare That worthy religions Gentleman M. George Thorp Deputie to the College lands sometimes one of his Maiesties Pensioners in command one of the principall in Virginia did so truly affect their conuersion that whosoeuer vnder him did them the least displeasure were punished seuerely He thought nothing too deare for them he neuer denied them any thing in so much that when they complained that our Mastiues did feare them he to content them in all things caused some of them to be killed in their presence to the great displeasure of the owners and would haue had all the rest guelt to make them the milder might he haue had his will The King dwelling but in a Cottage he built him a faire house after the English fashion in which he tooke such pleasure especially in the locke and key which he so admired as locking and vnlocking his doore a hundred times a day he thought no deuice in the world comparable to it Thus insinuating himselfe into this Kings fauour for his religious purpose he conferred oft with him about Religion as many other in this former Discourse had done and this Pagan confessed to him as he did to them our God was better then theirs and seemed to be much pleased with that Discourse and of his company and to requite all those courtesies yet this viperous brood did as the sequell shewed not onely murder him but with such spight and scorne abused his dead corps as is vnfitting to be heard with ciuill eares One thing I cannot omit that when this good Gentleman vpon his fatall houre was warned by his man who perceiuing some treachery intended by those hell-hounds to looke to himselfe and withall ran away for feare he should be apprehended and so saued his owne life yet his Master out of his good meaning was so void of suspition and full of confidence they had slaine him or he could or would beleeue they would hurt him Captaine Nathaniel Powell one of the first Planters a valiant Souldier and not any in the Countrey better knowne amongst them yet such was the error of an ouer-conceited power and prosperitie and their simplicities they not onely slew him and his family but butcher-like hagled their bodies and cut off his head to expresse their vttermost height of cruelty Another of the old company of Captaine Smith called Nathaniel Causie being cruelly wounded and the Saluages about him with an axe did cleaue one of their heads whereby the rest fled and he escaped for they hurt not any that did either fight or stand vpon their guard In one place where there was but two men that had warning of it they defended the house against 60. or more that assaulted it M. Baldwin at Warraskoyack his wife being so wounded she lay for dead yet by his oft discharging of his peece saue â—â—er his house himselfe diuers others At the same time they came to one Mastâ—r Harisons house neere halfe a mile from Baldwines where was Master Thomas Hamer with six men and eighteene or nineteene women and children Here the Saluages with many presents and faire perswasions fained they came for Capt. Ralfe Hamer to go to their King then hunting in the woods presently they sent to him but he not comming as they expected set fire of a Tobacco-house and then came to tell them in the dwelling house of it to quench it all the men ran towards it but Master Hamer not suspecting any thing whom the Saluages pursued shot them full of arrowes then beat out their braines Hamer hauing finished a letter hee was a writing followed after to see what was the matter but quickly they shot an arrow in his back which caused him returne and barricado vp the doores whereupon the Saluages set fire on the house Harisons Boy finding his Masters peece loaded discharged it at randome at which bare report the Saluages all fled Baldwin still discharging his peece and Mr Hamer with two and twentie persons thereby got to his house leauing their owne burning In like manner they had fired Lieutenant Basse his house with all the rest there about slaine the people and so left that Plantation Captaine Hamer all this while not knowing any thing comming to his Brother that had sent for him to go hunt with the King meeting the Saluages chasing some yet escaped retired to his new house then a building from whence he came there onely with spades axes and brick bats he defended himselfe and his Company till the Saluages departed Not long after the Master from the ship had sent six Musketiers with which he recouered their Merchants store-house where he armed ten more and so with thirtie more vnarmed workmen found his Brother and the rest at Bâ—ldwins Now seeing all they had was burnt and consumed they repaired to Iames Towne with their best expedition yet not far from Martins hundred where seuenty three were slaine was a little house and a small family that heard not of any of this till two daies after All those and many others whom they haue as maliciously murdered sought the good of those poore brutes that thus despising Gods mercies must needs now as miscreants be corrected by Iustice to which leauing them I will knit together the thred of this discourse At the time of the massacre there were three or foure ships in Iames Riuer and one in the next and daily more to come in as there did within foureteene daies after one of which they indeuoured to haue surprised yet were the hearts of the English euer stupid and auerted from beleeuing any thing might weaken their hopes to win them by kinde vsage to Christianitie But diuers write from thence that Almighty God hath his great worke in this Tragedy and will thereout draw honor and glory to his name and a more flourishing estate and safetie to themselues and with more speed to conuert the Saluage children to himselfe since he so miraculously hath preserued the English there being yet God be praised eleuen parts of twelue remaining whose carelesse neglect of their owne safeties seemes to haue beene the greatest cause of
of prouision for his Company the great Commander replied hee should turne them to his greene Corne which would make them plumpe and fat these fields being so neere the Fort were better regarded and preserued then the rest but the great mans command as we call them was quickly obeied for though it was scarce halfe growne either to the greatnesse or goodnesse they deuoured it greene though it did them small good Sir George with his company went to Aâ—comack to his new Pâ—antation where he staied neere six weekes some Corne he brought home but as he aduentured for himselfe he accordingly enioyed the benefit some pety Magazines came this Summer but either the restraint by Proclamation or want of Boats or both caused few but the Chieftaines to be little better by them So long as Captaine Nuse had any thing we had part but now all being spent and the people forced to liue vpon Oisters and Crabs they became so faint no worke could be done and where the Law was no worke no meat now the case is altered to no meat no worke some small quantity of Milke and Rice the Captaine had of his owne and that he would distribute gratis as he saw occasion I say gratis for I know no place else but it was sold for ready paiment those eares of Corne that had escaped till August though not ripe by reason of the late planting the very Dogs did repaire to the Corne fields to seeke them as the men till they were hanged and this I protest before God is true that I haue related not to flatter Nuse nor condemne any but all the time I haue liued in Virginia I haue not seene nor heard that any Commander hath taken such continuall paines for the publike or done so little good for himselfe and his vertuous wife was no lesse charitable and compassionate according to her power For my owne part although I found neither Mulberies planted houses built men nor victuall prouided as the honourable Aduenturers did promise mee in England yet at my owne charge hauing made these preparations and the silke-Wormes ready to be couered all was lost but my poore life and children by the Massacre the which as God in his mercy did preserue I continually pray we may spend to his glory The 9. of September we had an alarum and two men at their labours slaine the Captaine though extreme sicke sallied forth but the Saluages lay hid in the Corne fields all night where they destroyed all they could and killed two men more much mischiefe they did to Master Edward Hills cattle yet he alone defended his house though his men were sicke and could doe nothing and this was our first assault since the Massacre About this time Captaine Madyson passed by vs hauing taken Prisoners the King of Patawomek his sonne and two more and thus it happened Madyson not liking so well to liue amongst the Saluages as Croshaw did built him a strong house within the Fort so that they were not so sociable as before nor did they much like Poole the Interpret many Alarums they had but saw no enemies Madyson before his building went to Moyaones where hee got prouision for a moneth and was promised much more so he returned to Patawomek and built this house and was well vsed by the Saluages Now by the foure great men the King sent to Pamavuke for the redemption of the Prisoners Madyson sent them a letter but they could neither deliuer it nor see them so long they stayed that the King grew doubtfull of their bad vsage that hee swore by the Skyes if they returned not well he would haue warres with Opechankanough so long as he had any thing at this time two of Madysons men ranne from him to finde them he sent Master Iohn Vpton and three more with an Indian guide to Nazatica where they heard they were At this place was a King beat out of his Country by the Nâ—costs enemies to the Patawomeks this expulsed King though he professed much loue to the Patawomeks yet hee loued not the King because he would not helpe him to reuenge his iniuries but to our Interpreter Poole hee protested great loue promising if any treason were he would reueale it our guide conducted this Bandy to with them vp to Patawomek and there kept him our Fugitiues we found the Patawomeks had taken and brought home and the foure great men returned from Pamavuke not long after this expulsed King desired priuate conference with Poole vrging him to sweare by his God neuer to reueale what hee would tell him Poole promised he would not then quoth this King those great men that went to Pamavuke went not as you suppose they pretended but to contract with Opechankanough how to kill you all here and these are their plots First they will procure halfe of you to goe a fishing to their furthest towne and there set vpon them and cut off the rest if that faile they will faine a place where are many strangers would trade their Furres where they will perswade halfe of you to goe trade and there murder you and kill them at home and if this faile also then they will make Alarums two nights together to tire you out with watching and then set vpon you yet of all this said he there is none acquainted but the King and the great Coniurer This being made known to the Captain we all stood more punctually vpon our guard at which the Saluages wondering desired to know the cause we told them we expected some assault from the Pamavukes whereat they seemed contented and the next day the King went on hunting with two of our men and the other a fishing and abroad as before till our Shallop returned from Iames towne with the two Saluages sent home with Captaine Croshaw by those the Gouernour sent to Madyson that this King should send him twelue of his great men word of this was sent to the King at another towne where he was who not comming presently with the Messenger Madyson conceited hee regarded not the message and intended as he supposed the same treason The next morning the King comming home being sent for he came to the Captaine and brought him a dish of their daintiest fruit then the Captaine fained his returne to Iames towne the King told him he might if he would but desired not to leaue him destitute of aid hauing so many enemies about him the Captaine told him he would leaue a guard but intreated his answer concerning the twelue great men for the Gouernour the King replied his enemies lay so about him he could not spare them then the Captaine desired his sonne and one other my sonne said the King is gone abroad about businesse but the other you desire you shall haue and that other sits by him but that man refused to goe whereupon Madyson went forth and locked the doore leauing the King his sonne and foure Saluages and fiue English men in the
then one hundred ships of other proportions and eight or ten thousand people Now if you please to compare what hath beene spent sent discouered and done this fifteene yeares by that we did in the three first yeares and euery Gouernor that hath beene there since giue you but such an account as this you may easily finde what hath beene the cause of those disasters in Virginia Then came in Captaine Argall and Master Sedan in a ship of Master Cornelius to fish for Sturgion who had such good prouision we contracted with them for it whereby we were better furnished then euer Not long after came in seuen ships with about three hundred people but rather to supplant vs then supply vs their Admirall with their authoritie being cast away in the Bermudas very angry they were we had made no better prouision for them Seuen or eight weekes we withstood the invndations of these disorderly humors till I was neere blowne to death with Gun-powder which occasioned me to returne for England In the yeare 1609 about Michaelmas I left the Countrey as is formerly related with three ships seuen Boats Commodities to trade haruest newly gathered eight weeks prouision of Corne and Meale about fiue hundred persons three hundred Muskets shot powder and match with armes for more men then we had The Saluages their language and habitation well knowne to two hundred expert Souldiers Nets for fishing tooles of all sorts apparell to supply their wants six Mares and a Horse fiue or six hundred Swine many more Powltry what was brought or bred but victuall there remained Hauing spent some fiue yeares and more then fiue hundred pounds in procuring the Letters Patents and setting forward and neere as much more about New England c. Thus these nineteene yeares I haue here and there not spared any thing according to my abilitie nor the best aduice I could to perswade how those strange miracles of misery might haue beene preuented which lamentable experience plainly taught me of necessity must insue but few would beleeue me till now too deerely they haue paid for it Wherefore hitherto I haue rather left all then vndertake impossibilities or any more such costly taskes at such chargeable rates for in neither of those two Countries haue I one foot of Land nor the very house I builded nor the ground I digged with my owne hands nor euer any content or satisfaction at all and though I see ordinarily those two Countries shared before me by them that neither haue them nor knowes them but by my descriptions Yet that doth not so much trouble me as to heare and see those contentions and diuisions which will hazard if not ruine the prosperitie of Virginia if present remedy bee not found as they haue hindred many hundreds who would haue beene there ere now and makes them yet that are willing to stand in a demurre For the Books and Maps I haue made I will thanke him that will shew me so much for so little recompence and beare with their errors till I haue done better For the materials in them I cannot deny but am ready to affirme them both there and here vpon such grounds as I haue propounded which is to haue but fifteene hundred men to subdue againe the Saluages fortifie the Countrey discouer that yet vnknowne and both defend feed their Colony which I most humbly refer to his Maiesties most iudiciall iudgement and the most honourable Lords of his Priuy Councell you his trusty and well-beloued Commissioners and the Honourable company of Planters and well-willers to Virginia New-England and Sommer-Ilands Out of these Obseruations it pleased his Maiesties Commissioners for the reformation of Virginia to desire my answer to these seuen Questions Quest. 1. WHat conceiue you is the cause the Plantation hath prospered no better since you left it in so good a forwardnesse Answ. Idlenesse and carelesnesse brought all I did in three yeeres in six moneths to nothing and of fiue hundred I left scarce threescore remained and had Sir Thomas Gates not got from the Bermudas I thinke they had beene all dead before they could be supplied Quest. 2. What conceiue you should be the cause though the Country be good there comes nothing but Tobacco Answ. The oft altering of Gouernours it seemes causes euery man make vse of his time and because Corne was stinted at two shillings six pence the bushell and Tobacco at three shillings the pound and they value a mans labour a yeere worth fifty or threescore pound but in Corne not worth ten pound presuming Tobacco will furnish them with all things now make a mans labour in Corne worth threescore pound and in Tobacco but ten pound a man then shall they haue Corne sufficient to entertaine all commers and keepe their people in health to doe any thing but till then there will be little or nothing to any purpose Quest. 3. What conceiue you to haue beene the cause of the Massacre and had the Saluages had the vse of any peeces in your time or when or by whom they were taught Answ. The cause of the Massacre was the want of marshall discipline and because they would haue all the English had by destroying those they found so carelesly secure that they were not prouided to defend themselues against any enemy being so dispersed as they were In my time though Captaine Nuport furnished them with swords by truck and many fugitiues did the like and some Peeces they got accidentally yet I got the most of them againe and it was death to him that should shew a Saluage the vse of a Peece Since I vnderstand they became so good shot they were imployed for Fowlers and Huntsmen by the English Quest. 4. What charge thinke you would haue setled the gouernment both for defence and planting when you left it Answ. Twenty thousand pound would haue hyred good labourers and mechanicall men and haue furnished them with cattle and all necessaries and 100. of them would haue done more then a thousand of those that went though the Lord Laware Sir Ferdinando Waynman Sir Thomas Gates and Sir Thomas Dale were perswaded to the contrary but when they had tried they confessed their error Quest. 5. What conceiue you would be the remedy and the charge Answ. The remedy is to send Souldiers and all sorts of labourers and necessaries for them that they may be there by next Michaelmas the which to doe well will stand you in fiue thousand pound but if his Maiesty would please to lend two of his Ships to transport them lesse would serue besides the benefit of his grace to the action would encourage all men Quest. 6. What thinke you are the defects of the gouernment both here and there Answ. The multiplicity of opinions here and Officers there makes such delaies by questions and formalitie that as much time is spent in complement as in action besides some are so desirous to imploy their ships hauing six pounds for euery
of the Bermudas where at last with his company he safely arriued but such was his diligence with his extraordinary care paines and industry to dispatch his businesse and the strength of his body not answering the euer memorable courage of his minde hauing liued so long in such honourable seruices the most part of his well beloued and vertuous life God and nature here determined should euer remaine a perpetuall memory of his much bewailed sorrow for his death finding his time but short after he had taken the best course he could to settle his estate like a valiant Captaine he exhorted them with all diligence to be constant to those Plantations and with all expedition to returne to Virginia In that very place which we now call Saint Georges towne this noble Knight died whereof the place taketh the name But his men as men amazed seeing the death of him who was euen as the life of them all embalmed his body and set saile for England being the first that euer went to seeke those Ilands which haue beene euer since called Summers Iles in honour of his worthy memory leauing three men behind them that voluntarily stayed whose names were Christopher Carter Edward Waters there formerly left as is said and Edward Chard This Cedar ship at last with his dead body arriued at Whit-Church in Dorsetshire where by his friends he was honourably buried with many vollies of shot and the rites of a Souldier and vpon his tombe was bestowed this Epitaph Hei mihi Virginia quod tam cito praeterit Aestas Autumnus sequitur saeuiet inde biems At ver perpetuum nascetur Anglialaeta Decerpit flores florida terra tuas In English thus Alas Virginia's Summer so soone past Autumne succeeds and stormy Winters blast Yet Englands ioyfull Spring with ioyfull showers O Florida shall bring thy sweetest flowers THe honour of this resulution belongs principally to Carter for through his importunity not to leaue such a place abandoned Chard Waters were moued to stay with him and the rest promised wâ—th all the speed they could againe to reuisit them But the ship once out of sight those three Lords the sole inhabitants of all those Ilands began to erect their little common wealth for a while with brotherly regency repairing the ground planting Corne and such seeds and fruits as they had building a house c. Then making priuy search amongst the creusses and corners of those craggy Rocks what this maine Ocean since the worlds creation had throwne amongst them at last they chanced vpon the greatest peece of Amber-greece was euer seene or heard of in one lumpe being in weight fourescore pound besides diuers other small peeces But now being rich they grew so proud and aÌ„bitious contempt tooke such place they fell out for superiority though but three forlorne men more then three thousand miles from their natiue Country and but small hope euer to see it againe Notwithstanding they sometimes fell from words to blowes about meere trifles in one of which fights one of them was bitten with his owne dog as if the dumbe beast would reproue them of their folly at last Chard and Waters the two greater spirits must try it out in the field but Carter wisely stole away their weapons affecting rather to liue amongst his enemies then by being rid of them liue alone and thus those miserable men liued full two yeeres so that all their clothes were neere worne cleane from their backs and their hopes of any forraine releefe as naked as their bodies At last they began to recouer their wits yet in a fashion perhaps would haue cost them dearer then when they were mad for concluding a tripartite peace of their Marachin warre they resolued to frame as good a Boat as they could and therein to make a desperate attempt for Virginia or New found Land but no sooner were they entred into that resolution but they descried a saile standing in for the shore though they neither knew what she was nor what she would they were so ouer-ioyed with all possible speed they went to meet her and according to their hearts desire she proued an English-man whom they safely conducted into their harbour Now you are to vnderstand that Captaine Matthew Somers Nephew and heire to Sir George that returned with his dead body though both he and his Company did their vtmost in relating all those passages to their Countrey-men and aduenturers their relations were beleeued but as trauellers tales till it came to be apprehended by some of the Virginia Company how beneficiall it might be and helpfull to the Plantation in Virginia so that some one hundred and twentie of them bought the pretended right of all the Company and had sent this ship to make a triall but first they had obtained Letters Patents of the Kings most excellent Maiestie Sir Thomas Smith was elected Treasurer and Gouernor heere and Master Richard More to be Gouernor of the Iles and Colony there The first beginning of a Colonie in the Somer Iles vnder the command of Master Richard More extracted out of a plot of Master Richard Norwood Surueior and the relations of diuer's others MAster More thus finding those three men not onely well and lusty but well stored with diuers sorts of prouisions as an Acre of Corne ready to be gathered numbers of Pumpions and Indian Beanes many Tortoises ready taken good store of hogs flesh salted and made in flitches of Bacon were very good and so presently landed his goods and sixty persons towards the beginning of Iuly 1612. vpon the South side of Smiths I le Not long after his arriuall More hauing some priuate intelligence of this Amber-greece tooke first Chard in examination he being one of the three the most masterfull spirit what Amber-greece Pearle Treasure or other Commodities they had found Chard no lesse witty then resolute directly answered Not any thing at all but the fruits of the I le what his fellowes had done he knew not but if they had he doubted not but to finde it out and then hee should know it certainly This he spake onely to win time to sweare his Consorts to secrecy and he would finde the meanes how they should all returne in that ship with it all for England otherwise they should be deceiued of all Till this was effected they thought euery houre an age now for the better conueiance of it aboord they acquainted it to Captaine Dauis master of the ship and one Master Edwin Kendall that for their secrecy and transportation should participate with them Without further ceremony the match was accepted and absolutely concluded the plot laid time and place set downe to haue it aboord But Carter were it for feare the Gouernor at last should know of it to whom so oft they had denied it or that the rest should deceiue him is vncertaine but most certaine it is he reuealed all the plot to Master More To get
through ill weather or want of Mariners or both in stead of the Indies fell with the Canaries where taking a poore Portugall the which they manned with ten of their owne people as soone after separated from her in a storme the next day was taken by a French Pickaroune so that the Frigot out of hope of her prize makes a second time for the West-Indies where she no sooner arriued but foundred in the sea but the men in their Boat recouered a desolate ile where after some few moneths stay an English Pyrat tooke them in and some of them at last got for England and some few yeares after returned to the Somer Iles. Captaine Iohn Mansfield his moneth THE Frigot thus gone Captaine Mansfield succeeded Then was contriued a petition as from the generalitie vnto the triumuirat Gouernors wherein they supplicated that by no meanes they should resigne the gouernment to any should come from England vpon what tearmes soeuer vntill six moneths after the returne of their ship sent to the West-Indies about this vnwarrantable action Mâ—ster Lewes Hues their Preacher was so violent in suppressing it that such discontents grew betwixt the Gouernors and him and diuisions among the Company he was arraigned condemned and imprisoned but not long detained before released Then the matter fell so hotly againe to be disputed betwixt him and one Master Keath a Scotch-man that professed schollership that made all the people in a great combustion much adoe there was till at last as they sate in the Church and ready to proceed to a iudiciary course against Master Hues suddenly such an extreme gust of wind and weather so ruffled in the trees and Church some cried out A miracle others it was but an accident common in those Iles but the noise was so terrible it dissolued the assembly notwithstanding Master Hues was againe imprisoned and as suddenly discharged but those factions were so confused and their relations so variable that such vnnecessary circumstances were better omitted then any more disputed This mans moneth thus ended begins Master Carter which was altogether spent in quietnesse and then Captaine Miles Kendall had the rule whose moneth was also as quietly spent as his Predecessors Then Captaine Mansfield begins his second moneth when the ship called the Edwin arriued with good supplies About this time diuers Boats going to sea were lost and some men drowned and many of the Company repaired to Master Hues that there might bee a Councell according to Master Mores order of six Gouernours and twelue Assistants whereupon grew as many more such silly brawles as before which at last concluded with as simple a reconciliation In the interim happened to a certaine number of priuate persons as miserable and lamentable an accident as euer was read or heard of and thus it was In the month of March a time most subiect of all others to such tempests on a Friday there went seuen men in a boat of two or three runnes to fish The morning being faire so eager they were of their iourney some went fasting neither carried they either meat or drinke with them but a few Palmeta berries but being at their fishing place some foure leagues from the shoare such a tempest arose they were quickly driuen from the sight of land in an ouergrowne Sea despairing of all hope onely committing themselues to Gods mercy set the boat driue which way shee would On Sunday the storme being somewhat abated they hoysed saile as they thought towards the Island In the euening it grew starke calme to that being too weake to vse their oares they lay a drift that night The next morning Andrew Hilliard for now all his companions were past strength either to helpe him or themselues before a small gale of wind spred his saile againe On Tuesday one died whom they threw ouer board On Wednesday three And on Thursday at night the sixt All these but the last were buried by Hilliard in the Sea for so weake hee was growne hee could not turne him ouer as the rest whereupon hee stripped him ripping his belly with his knife throwing his bowels into the water hee spread his body abroad tilted open with a sticke and so lets it lie as a cisterne to receiue some lucky raine-water and this God sent hâ—m presently after so that in one small shoure hee recouered about foure spoonefuls of raine water to his vnspeakeable refreshment he also preserued neere halfe a pint of blood in a shooe which he did sparingly drinke of to moist his mouth two seuerall dates he fed on his flesh to the quantity of a pound on the eleuenth day from his losing the sight of land two flying fishes fals in his boat whose warme iucie blood hee sucked to his great comfort But within an houre after to his greater comfort you will not doubt he once againe descried the land and within foure houres after was cast vpon a rocke neere to Port royall where his boat was presently split in pieces but himselfe though exreamly weake made shift to clamber vp so steepe and high a rocke as would haue troubled the ablest man in the I le to haue done that by day hee did by night Being thus astride on a rocke the tumbling Sea had gotten such possâ—ssion in his braines that a good while it was before his giddy head would suffer him to venture vpon the forsaking it towards the morning he craules a shore and then to his accomplished ioy descernes where hee is and trauels halfe a day without any refreshment then water whereof wisely and temperately he stinted himselfe otherwise certainely hee had drunke his last In which case hee attaines a friends house where at the first they tooke him for a ghost but at last acknowledged and receiued him with ioy his story after some houres of recouery of strength to tell it heard out with admiration he was not long after conueyed to the towne where he receiued his former health and was liuing in the yeere 1622. The next newes that happened in this time of ease was that a merry fellow hauing found some few Dollars against the Flemish wracke the bruit went currant the treasure was found and they all made men Much adoe there was to preuent the purloining of it before they had it vvhere after they had tyred themselues vvith searching that they found amounted not to aboue twenty pounds starling vvhich is not vnlike but to be the remainder of some greater store washed from some wracke not farre from the shore The company by the Edwin receiuing newes of the reuels vvere kept in Sommer Iles resolued to make choice of a new Gouernour called Master Daniel Tuckar that a long time had bin a planter in Virginia in the gouernment of Captaine Smith All things being furnished for his voyage hee set saile in the George consorted vvith the Edwin with many passengers which being discouered by them in those Iles they supposed them the Frigot sent to
the West Indies but when they vnderstood vvhat they vvere much preparation they made to resist the new Gouernour Many great ostentations appeared on both sides but vvhen the quondam Gouernour did see his men for most part forsake him all was very well and quietly compounded and with much kindnesse receiued and welcomed a shore where his Commission was no sooner read then they accepted and acknowledged him for their Gouernour The Gouernment of Captaine Daniel Tuckar ABout the mistd of May arriued this Gouernor where finding the Inhabitants both abhorring all exacted labour as also in a manner disdaining and grudging much to be commanded by him it could not but passionate any man liuing But at last according to the Virginia order hee set euery one was with him at Saint Georges to his taske to cleere grounds fell trees set corne square timber plant vines and other fruits brought out of England These by their taske Masters by breake a day repaired to the wharfe from thence to be imployed to the place of their imployment till nine of the clocke and then in the after-noone from three till Sunne-set Beside meat drinke and cloaths they had for a time a certaine kinde of brasse money with a hogge on the one side in memory of the abundance of hogges was found at their first landing This course thus squared imitating diuers orders vsed in Virginia by Sir Tho. Dale he began by them to looke into his instructions giuen by the Company Whereupon by one Mr. Richard Norwood a Suruayor sent ouer for that purpose in the time of Master Moore hee began to lay out the eight tribes in the maine which were to consist of fifty shares to a tribe and twenty fiue acers to euery share He also began to plant some Colony men on some of the especiall shares He swore also certaine of the chiefe men of euery tribe to bee Bailiffes thereof and appointed as many men as hee was able for all supplied shares The goods landed in the store houses hee sent from thence and dispersed it to his workemen in generall some Boats also began to be builded but the pinace called the Thomas suspected might make an escape was laid vp in a docke were shee yet remaineth In the beginning of the second moneth of his gouernment he directed warrants to all the Bailiffes for the holding of a generall Assise at Saint Georges and appointed Master Stokes Lieutenant of the Kings Castle at the Gurnets head The Edwin came with him he sent to the West Indies by directions from England to trade with the natiues for cattell corne plants and other commodities A course of great importance which had it been pursued would certainly haue produced more hopefull effects for the good of the Colony then all the supplies and Magazines from England hath or will in a long time Presently after her departure began the Assises executed by his Deputy The chiefe matter handled was the hanging one Iohn Wood a French man for speaking many distastefull and mutinous speeches against the Gouernour to shew the rest by that example the power of his authority which after with his owne hands he so oft executed with a bastinado amongst the poorer sort many tearmed it a cruelty not much lesse then tyranny but the sequell is more then strange So it was that fiue of them seeing by no meanes they could get passage for England resolued to vndergoe all hazards but they would make an escape from such seruitude The chiefe mariner and plotter of this businesse was Richard Sanders and his confederates William Goodwin a ship Carpenter Thomas Harison a Ioyner Iames Barker a Gentleman and Henry Puet These repairing to the Gouernour and with pleasing insinuations told him if hee would allow them but things necessary they would build him a boat of two or three tunnes with a close decke should goe a fishing all weathers The Gouernour halfe proud that hee had brought his men to so good a passe as he conceiued to offer themselues to so necessary a worke instantly with all willingnesse furnished them with all things they could desire and many faire promises to incourage them to performe it with all expedition Hauing made choise of a place most fit from molestation they went forward with that expedition that in a short time shee was brought to perfection By this time the ship that brought the Gouernour being ready to depart hee sends a lusty gange to goe fetch his new boat to carry him aboard but arriuing at the place where she was built they could heare no more of her but she was gone the last euening to Sea to try how shee would saile Much search and dispute was where this boat should be but at last they found diuers letters in the cabbins to this effect directed to the Gouernour and other their friends that their hard and bad vsage was so intolerable and their hope so small euer againe to see their Countrey or be deliuered from such seruitude they did rather chuse to put themselues to that desperate hazard to goe for England in which if they miscaried as it was much to be mistrusted their liues and bloods should be required at their hands was the cause A compasse Diall Barker had borrowed of Master Hues to whom he writ that as hee had oft perswaded them to patience and that God would pay them though none did hee must now bee contented with the losse of his Diall with his owne doctrine Such leasure they found to bee merry when in the eye of reason they were marching into a most certaine ruine The Gouernour being thus satisfied of their escape extreamly threatned them no lesse then a hanging but the stormes of the Ocean they now more feared then him good prouision by bartering they had got from the ship where Goodwin in a brauado told the Mariners though he could not be permitted to goe with them yet peraduenture hee might be in England before them whereat the Master and his Mate laughed merrily But hauing beene now vnder saile three weekes the winds so fauoured them they felt nothing of what they had cause to feare then a blustering gale blowing in their teeth put them to much extremity for diuers dayes then becomming more gentle away they past prosperously some eight or ten dayes more till meeting a French Piccaroune of whom they desired succour hee like himselfe tooke from them what hee liked leauing them not so much as a crosse-staffe to obserue withall and so cast them off their course still they continued till their victuall began to fall to the lowest ebbe and the very knees of their small vessell were halfe hewed away for fire wood At last to their infinit ioy they arriued in Ireland where the Earle of Tomund honorably entertained them and caused the boat to be hung vp for a Monument and well she might for shee had sailed more then 3300. miles by a right line thorow the maine Sea without any
helpe to sweeten all manner of grieuances yet it bred a distaste in the opinions of so many they began to thinke of another Gouernor but for that time it was so qualified by diuers of his friends they dispatched away the Blessing which arriued in the Somer Iles. Though their generall Letter was faire and courteous to the Gouernor yet by the report of the Passengers and diuers particular letters from his friends it was assured him his cruelty and couetousnesse for all his paines and industry was much disliked nor was he like to enioy his house and that land he had planted for himselfe by the extreme oppression of the Comminalty This caused so many ielousies to arise in his conceit that at last he fully resolued to returne by this ship that no sooner set saile from England then they proceeded to the nomination of a new Gouernor Many were presented according to the affections of those that were to giue in their voices but it chiefely rested betwixt one Captaine Southwell and one Mr Nathaniel Butler where wee will leaue them a while to the consideration of the Court and Company Now Captaine Tuckar hauing instituted Captaine Kendall one of the six Gouernors before spoken of for his substitute returned with this ship directly for England as well to excuse himselfe of those obiections he suspected as to get assured him the house and land he had alotted for himselfe lest it might otherwise be disposed of in his absence Collected out of their Records by N. B. and the relations of M. Pollard and diuers others The Gouernment of Captaine Miles Kendall Deputy for Captaine Tuckar THE vnexpected returne of Captaine Tuckar caused a demurre in the election of the new Gouernor some perswading these oft changes were so troublesome dangerous and chargeable it were best to continue Captaine Kendall others againe stood for Captaine Tuckar but during the time of these opinions the Gilliflower was dispatched with a supply Now I should haue remembred Tuckar was no sooner out of the harbour but he met Master Elfred in a ship called the Treasurer sent from Virginia to trade by her he writ to his Deputy Master Kendall to haue a care of all things and beware of too much acquaintance with this ship which hee suspected was bound for the West-Indies Notwithstanding Elfred receiued what kindnesse the I le could afford he promised to reuisit them at his returne this done because they would not be gouernlesse when his Deputiship was expired there was a generall assembly and by that Election Kendall was confirmed to succeed still Gouernor Now they began to apply themselues to the finishing some plat-forme about Smiths Fort and laying the foundation of a Church to be built of Cedar till the Gillyflower arriued with some priuate letters to Kendall how he was elected Gouernor of those Iles for three yeeres During her stay they held their Assises where for some few suspected facts three were condemned and the better to terrifie the rest led to the place of execution but reprieued diuers of the rest had their faults pardoned and the Gilliflower set saile for New found land The loue and kindnesse honesty and industry of this Captaine Kendall hath beene very much commended by others somewhat disliked but an Angell in those imploiments cannot please all men yet this consideration bred much ill bloud as well here as there so that the Company directly concluded Captaine Butler should with what expedition they could goe to be their Gouernor In the Interim they tooke the opportunitie of a ship called the Sea-flower bound for Virginia and by her sent a Preacher and his Family with diuers Passengers and newes of a new Gouernor This bred a great distaste amongst many that still they should haue new officers and strangers for their Gouernors they neuer heard of and themselues still kept there whether they would or no without any preferment no nor scarce any of them their inhabiting to haue any land at all of their owne but liue all as tenants or as other mens poore seruants About this time came in Captaine Kerby with a small Barke from the West-Indies who hauing refreshed himselfe was very kindly vsed by the Gouernor and so departed Not long after a Dutch Frigot was cast away vpon the Westerne shore yet by the helpe of the English they saued the men though the ship perished amongst the Rocks A little after one Ensigne Wood being about the loading of a peece by thrusting a pike into the concauitie grating vpon the shot or somewhat about the powder strucke fire within her and so discharged but wounded him cruelly and blew him into the Sea though hee was got out by some that stood by him yet hee died of those wounds Within two or three daies after Captaine Elfred now comes in a second time but of that we shall say more in the gouernment of Captaine Butler who presently after arriued with a good supply and was kindly entertained by Captaine Kendall and all the Colony From a relation of Tho. Sparks and diuers others The Gouernment of Captaine Nathaniel Butler CAptaine Butler being arriued the twentieth of October 1619. some mutterings there was how to maintaine their election of Captaine Kendall but better remembring themselues that conceit quickly dissolued The next day Kendall the Ministers and the Counsell went aboord to salute the new Gouernor where after they had dined with the best entertainment he could giue them they saw the Redout belonging to the Kings Castle by a mischance on fire whither he repaired with all the meanes he could to quench it but all the platforme and cariages were consumed before their faces and they could not helpe it Two daies after he went vp to the Towne had his Commission publikely read made a short speech to the Company and so tooke vpon him the gouernment Then presently he began to repaire the most necessary defects The next moneth came in the Garland sent from England six or seuen weekes before him so that being seuenteene weeks in her voyage it was so tedious and grieuous to diuers of the Fresh-water Passengers that such a sicknesse bred amongst them many died as well Sailers as Passengers Hauing taken the best order he could for their releefe passed through all the Tribes and held his first Assise in Captaine Tuckars house at the ouer-plus Towards the last of this moneth of Nouemb. there arose a most terrible storme or Hericano that blew vp many great trees by the roots the Warwick that brought the Gouernor was cast away but the Garland rid by her saued her selfe by cutting downe her Masts and not long after a second storme no lesse violent then the first wherein the Mount which was a frame of wood built by Master More for a Watch-tower to looke out to Sea was blowne vp by the roots and all that Winter crop of corne blasted And thus was the new Gouernor welcomed With the beginning of the new yeere he began
generality but of such bad condition that it seemed they had picked the Males out of Newgate the Females from Bridewell As the Gouernour found it his best course to grant out the women to such as were so greedy of wiues and would needs haue them for better for worse and the men hee placed in the Kings Castle for souldiers But this bad weake sickly supply being dispersed for their best reliefe by the much imployment of his boats in remoouing them many of his owne men became infected so that for some weekes they were not able to doe him any seruice at all Strict instructions also they brought for the planting of Sugar caneâ— for which the Iland being rockie and dry is so vnproper that few as yet haue beene seene to prosper yet there are others hold the contrary opinion that there is raine so ordinarily the Iles are so moist as produceth all their plants in such infinit abundance there is no great reason to suspect this were it rightly vsed more then the râ—st Seuenty thousand weight of Tobacco being prepared towards her fraught she returned for England No sooner was shee gone then came in another sent by the Company and generalty well conditioned but shee failed not much to haue beene cast away amongst those dangerous terrible rocks by her came also expresse command they should entertaine no other ships then were directly sent from the Company this caused much grudging and indeed a generall distraction and exclamation among the Inhabitants to be thus constrained to buy what they wanted and sell what they had at what price the Magazin pleased and to debarre true men from comming to them for trade or reliefe that were daily receiued in all the harbours in England So long this ship stayed going for fraught and wages the Master not caring how long he lay at that rate in a good harbour the Gouernour was ready to send her away by Proclamation Thus ended the first yeere of the gouernment of C. Butler With the first of the second yeere were held the Assises where all the Bailiffes were fined for not giuing a beginning to the building of the bridges there was also an order to restraine the excessiue wages all handicrafts men would haue and that the Church-wardens should meet twice a yeere to haue all their presentments made perfect against the Assises The Assises done all the ablest men were trained in their armes and then departed to their owne homes The towne thus cleered he made certaine new carriages for some demy Culuerings and a large new store-house of Cedar for the yeerely Magazines goods finished Warwicks Fort begun by Master More and made a new platforme at Pagits Fort also a faire house of lime and stone for the Townes-house The three bridges appointed by the generall assembly was followed with such diligence though they were more then an hundred or an hundred and twenty foot in length hauing the foundation and arches in the Sea were raised and accomplished so that man or beast with facility might passe them At Whitsonday was held the fourth generall Assise at Saint Georges where were tryed twenty seuerall causes foure or fiue were whipped or burnt in the hand for breaking of houses also an order was made that the party cast in the triall of any cause should pay to euery of the Iurours foure pence moreouer that not past ten leaues at the most should grow vpon a plant of Tobacco and that also in the making it vp a distinction should diligently be obserued of two kinds a better and a worse then they built a strong stone house for the Captaine of the Kings Castle and corps du guard and repaired what defects they could finde in the platformes and carriages Captaine Powell so oft mentioned hauing beene in the West-Indies for the States of Holland came to an anchor within shot of their Ordnance desiring admittance for wood and water of which hee had great need but the Gouernor would not permit him so he weighed and departed whereat the company were so madded it was not possible to constraine them to cease their exclaimations against the Companies inhihition till they were weary with exclaming But still for their better defence not thinking themselues sufficiently secure hauing finished two new plat-formes more arriued the Magazin ship but her Master was dead and many of the Passengers the rest for most part very sicke and withall a strange and wonderfull report of much complaint made against the Gouernor to the Company in England by some of them returned in the last yeeres shipping but it was eight daies before she could get in by reason of ill weather being forced againe to Sea so that time they kept euery night continually great fires she might see the Ile as well by night as day but at last she arriued and he plainly vnderstood he had more cause a great deale to looke for misconstruction of all his seruice then an acknowledgment much lesse a recompence any better then his predecessors but it is no new thing to require the best desert with the most vildest of ingratitude The very next daies night after the arriuall of the Magazins ship newes was brought the Gouernor by a dismaied Messenger from Sands his Tribe that one hundred Spaniards were landed in that part and diuers ships discouered at Sea whereupon he presently manned the Forts and instantly made thitherward in person with twentie men determining as he found cause to draw together more strength by the way Being got thither by the breake of the next day in stead of an enemy which he expected he met onely with a company of poore distressed Portugals and Spaniards who in their passage from Carthagena in the West-Indies in consort with the Spanish fleet of Plait by the same storme that had indangered the Magazin ship lost theirs vpon those terrible Rocks being to the number of seuenty persons were strangely preserued and the manner was thus About Sunne-set their ship beating amongst the Rocks some twenty of the Sailers got into the Boat with what treasure they could leauing the Captaine the Master and all the rest to the mercy of the Sea But a Boy not past foureteene yeares of age that leaped after to haue got into the Boat missing that hope it pleased God he got vpon a Chest a drift by him whereon they report he continued two daies and was driuen neere to the cleane contrary part of the I le where he was taken vp neere dead yet well recouered All this night the ship sticking fast the poore distressed in her the next day spying land made a raft and were those gaue the alarum first a shore about three of the clocke in the after noone The morning after about seuen of the clocke came in the Boat to a place called Mangroue Bay and the same day their Carpenter was driuen a shore vpon a Planke neere Hog-Bay There was a Gentlewoman that had stood wet vp to the
he desired returned for Virginia Aprill and May were spent in building a strong new Prison and perfecting some of the Fortifications and by the labour of twenty men in fourteene daies was got from the Spanish wracke foure excellent good Sacres and mounted them at the Forts Then began the generall Assize where not fewer then fifty ciuill or rather vnciuill actions were handled and twenty criminall prisoners brought to the bar such a multitude of such vild people were sent to this Plantation that he thought himselfe happy his time was so neere expired three of the foulest acts were these the first for the rape of a married woman which was acquitted by a senselesse Iury the second for buggering a Sow and the third for Sodomy with a boy for which they were hanged during the time of the imprisonment of this Buggerer of the Sow a Dung-hill Cocke belonging to the same man did continually haunt a Pigge of his also and to the wonder of all them that saw it who were many did so frequently tread the Pigge as if it had beene one of his Hens that the Pigge languished and died within a while after and then the Cocke resorted to the very same Sow that this fellow was accused for in the very same manner and as an addition to all this about the same time two Chickens were hatched the one whereof had two heads the other crowed very loud and lustily within twelue houres after it was out of the shell A desperate fellow being to bee arraigned for stealing a Turky rather then he would endure his triall secretly conueighed himselfe to Sea in a little Boat and neuer since was euer heard of nor is he euer like to be without an exceeding wonder little lesse then a miracle In Iune they made another triall about the Spanish wracke and recouered another Sacre and a Murderer also he caused to be hewed out of the maine Rocke a paire of large staires for the conuenient landing of goods and passengers a worke much to the beauty and benefit of the towne With twenty chosen men and two excellent Divers the Gouernour went himselfe to the wracke Warwick but they could recouer but one Murderer from thence he went to the Sea-aduenture the wracke of Sir George Summers the hull though two or three fathomes in the water they found vnperished and with much a doe weighed a Sacre her sheat Anchor diuers barres of Iron and pigs of Lead which stood the Plantation in very great stead Towards the end of Iuly he went to seeke for a wracke they reported lay vnder water with her hatches spiked vp but they could not finde her but from the Spanish wracke lay there by they weighed three faire Sacres more and so returned through the Tribes to Saint Georges some were also imployed to seeke out beds of Oisters for Pearle some they found some seed Pearle they got but out of one little shell aboue all the rest they got about 120. small Pearle but somewhat defectiue in their colour The time of Captain Butlers gouernment drawing neere an end the Colony presented vnto him diuers grieuances to intreat him to remember to the Lords and Company in England at his returne also they appointed two to be ioyned with him with letters of credence to solicit in their behalfe those grieuances following First they were defrauded of the food of their soules for being not fewer then one thousand and fiue hundred people dispersed in length twenty miles they had at that present but one Minister nor neuer had but two and they so shortned of their promises that but onely for meere pity they would haue forsaken them Secondly neglected in the safety of their liues by wants of all sorts of munition Thirdly they had beene censured contrary to his Maiesties Lawes and not allowed them the benefit of their booke as they are in England but by Captaine Butler Fourthly they were frustrated of many of their couenants and most extremely pinched and vndone by the extortion of the Magazine for although their Tobacco was stinted but at two shillings sixpence the pound yet they pitched their commodities at what rate they pleased Fifthly their fatherlesse children are left in little better condition then slaues for if their Parents die in debt their children are made as bondmen till the debt be discharged these things being perfected there grew a great question of one Heriot for plotting of factions and abusing the Gouernour for which he was condemned to lose his eares yet he was vsed so fauourably he lost but the part of one in all By this time it being growne past the wonted season of the comming in of ships from England after a generall longing and expectation especially of the Gouernour whose Commission being neere vpon expiration gaue him cause to wish for a meane of deliuerance from so troublesome and thanklesse an imploiment as he had hitherto found it a saile is discouered and long it was not before shee arriued in the Kings Castle-Harbour this Barke was set out by two or three priuate men of the Company and hauing landed her supplies was to goe for Virginia by her the Gouernour receiued certaine aduertisements of the carriage and behauiour of the Spaniards which he had reliued as you haue heard the yeere before that quite contrary both to his merit their vow and his owne expectation they made clamours against him the which being seconded by the Spanish Ambassadour caused the State to fall in examination about it whereupon hauing fully cleared their ingratefulnesse and impudency and being assured of the choice of a successor that was to be expected within fiue or six weekes hee was desirous to take the opportunity of this Barke and to visit the Colony in Virginia in his returne for England leauing the gouernment to Captaine Felgat Captaine Stokes Master Lewis Hewes Master Nedom and Master Ginner but now his time being fully expired and the fortifications finished viz. The Kings Castle wherein were mounted vpon sufficient Platformes sixteene peece of Ordnances In Charles Fort two In Southampton Fort fiue betwixt which and the Castle passeth the Chanell into the Harbour secured by three and twenty peeces of good artillery to play vpon it In Cowpers Ile is Pembrocks Fort where is two Peeces The Chanell of Saint George is guarded by Smiths Fort and Pagits Fort in which is eleuen peece of Ordnance Saint George towne is halfe a league within the Harbour commanded by Warwicks Fort where are three great Peeces and on the Wharfe before the Gouernours house eight more besides the warning Peece by the mount and three in Saint Katharines so that in all there are ten Fortresses and two and fifty peeces of Ordnance sufficient and seruiceable their formes and situations you may see more plainlier described in the Map and to defend those he left one thousand fiue hundred persons with neere a hundred boats and the I le well replenished with store of such fruits prouisions
skull of a man that had fine yellow hare still on it and some of the flesh vnconsumed a Knife a Pack-needle and two or three old Iron things was bound vp in a Sailers canuase Cassocke also a paire of cloth Breeches in the lesse bundle we found likewise of the same powder and the bones and head of a little childe about the legs and other parts of it was bound strings and braslets of white beades there was also a little Bow and some other odde knacks the prettiest we tooke and couered againe the corps as they were not farre from thence were two of their houses where were a great deale of their miserable houshold stuffe which we left as wee found and so returned to our Boat and lay aboord that night Many arguments we had to make here our Plantation or not in the Intrim Mistris White was brought to bed of a young sonne which was called Perigrine and a Sailer shooting at a Whale his peece flew in peeces stocke and all yet he had no hurt A foolish boy discharging his fathers peece hard by halfe a barrell of Powder and many people by it it pleased God it escaped firing so that no hurt was done But to make a more certaine discouery where to seat our selues Captaine Standish Master Caruer William Branford Edward Winsloe Iohn Tilly Edward Tilly with diuers others to the number of seuenteene vpon the sixt of December set saile and hauing sailed six or seuen leagues we espied eight or ten Saluages about a dead grampus still following the shore we found two or three more cast vp by the ill weather many we see in the water therefore we called it Grampus Bay Ships may ride well in it but all the shore is very shallow slats of sand at last seuen or eight of vs went a shore many fields we saw where the Saluages had inhabited and a buriall place incompassed with a Palizado so we returned to our Shallop in the night we heard a hideous cry and howling of Wolues and Foxes in the morning as we were ready to goe into our Shallop one of our men being in the woods came running crying Indians Indians and with all their Arrowes flying amongst vs some of our men being in the boat and their Armes a shore so well it chanced Captaine Standish with two or three more discharged their peeces till the rest were ready one Saluage more stout then the rest kept vnder a tree till he had shot three or foure Arrowes and endured three or foure Musket shot but at last they all fled this was about breake of day in the morning when they saw vs and we not them Hauing the wind faire we sailed along the coast 8. or 10. leagues thinking to haue got to a Harbour where one of our company had beene within 8. leagues of Cape Cod for neither cricke nor Harbour in this bay we could finde and the wind so increased our Rudder broke and our Mast flew ouer-boord that we were in danger to be cast away but at last it pleased God we were in a harbor we knew not thinking it one we were acquainted with this we found to be an I le where we rid that night and hauing well viewed the land about it and founded the Bay to be a good Harbour for our ship compassed with good land and in it two faire Iles where there is in their seasons innumerable store of all sorts of fish and fowle good water much plaine land which hath beene planted with this newes we returned to our ship and with the next faire wind brought her thither being but within the sight of Cape Cod in the meane time Goodwife Alderton was deliuered of a sonne but dead borne Vpon the 28. of December so many as could went to worke vpon the hill where we purposed to build our Platforme for our ordnance which doth command all the Plaine and the Bay and from whence wee may see far into the Sea and be easily impailed so in the afternoone we went to measure out the grounds and diuided our company into 19 families alotting to euery person halfe a poule in bredth and three in length and so we cast lots where euery man should lie which we staked out thinking this proportion enough at the first to impale for lodgings and gardens Francis Billington from the top of a tree seeing a great water some three miles from vs in the land went with the Masters Mate and found it two great Lakes of fresh water the bigger fiue or six miles in circuit and an I le in it of a Cables length square the other three miles in compasse full of fish and fowle and two brooks issuing from it which will be an excellent helpe in time for vs where they saw seuen or eight Indian houses but no people Foure being sent a mile or two from our plantation two of them stragling into the woods was left for comming to a Lake of water they found a great Deere hauing a mastiue Bitch and a Spanell with them they followed so farre they could not finde the way backe that afternoone it rained and did freeze and snow at night their apparell was very thin and had no weapons but two sickles nor any victuals nor could they finde any of the Saluages habitations when the night came they were much perplexed that they had no other bed then the earth nor couerture then the skies but that they heard as they thought two Lions roaring a long time together very nigh them so not knowing what to doe they resolued to climbe vp into a tree though that would be an intollerable cold lodging expecting their cōming they stood at the trees root and the bitch they held fast by the necke for shee would haue beene gone to the Lions or what they were that as it chanced came not nigh them so they watched the tree that extreme cold night and in the morning trauelling againe passing by many lakes brooks and woods and in one place where the Saluages had burnt 4. or 5. miles in length which is a fine champion Country in the afternoone they discouered the two Iles in their Bay and so that night neere famished they got to their Plantation from whence they had sent out men euery way to seeke them that night the house they had built and thatched where lay their armes bedding powder c. tooke fire and was burnt the Coast is so shoule the ship rides more then a mile from the Fort but God be thanked no man was hurt though much was burnt All this time we could not haue conference with a Saluage though we had many times seene them and had many alarums so that we drew a Councell and appointed Captaine Standish to haue the command of all martiall actions but euen in the time of consultation the Saluages gaue an alarum the next day also as wee were agreeing vpon his orders came a tall Saluage boldly
hath beene imbrued in much English bloud onely by too much confidence but not by force and we haue had small supplies of any thing but men Here I must intreat a little your fauours to digresse they did not kill the English in Virginia because they were Christians but for their weapons and Copper which were rare nouelties but now they feare we may beat them out of their dens which Lions and Tigers will not admit but by force But must this be an argument for an English man and discourage any in Virginia or New England No for I haue tried them both as you may reade at large in the Historie of Virginia notwithstanding since I came from thence the Honourable Company hath beene humble suiters to his Maiestie to get vagabonds and condemned men to goe thither nay so the businesse hath beene so abused that so much scorned was the name of Virginia some did chuse to be hanged ere they would goe thither and were Yet for all the worst of spight detraction and discouragement and this iamentable massacre there is more honest men now suiters to goe then euer hath beene constrained knaues And it is not vnknowne to most men of vnderstanding how happy many of those Collumners hath thought themselues that they might be admitted and yet pay for their passage to goe now to Virginia and I feare mee there goeth too many of those that hath shifted heere till they could no longer and they will vse that qualitie there till they hazard all To range this Countrey of New England in like manner I had but eight as is said and amongst their bruit conditions I met many of their silly encounters and I giue God thankes without any hurt at all to me or any with mee When your West-Countrey men were so wounded and tormented with the Saluages though they had all the Politicke directions that had beene gathered from all the secret informations could be heard of yet they found little and returned with nothing I speak not this out of vaine-glory as it may be some gleaners or some who were neuer there may censure me but to let all men be assured by those examples what those Saluages are that thus strangely doe murder and betray our Country-men but to the purpose The Paragon with thirtie seuen men sent to releeue them miscaried twice vpon our English Coast whereby they failed of their supplies It is true there hath beene taken one thousand Bases at a draught and in one night twelue Hogsheads of Herrings but when they wanted all necessaries both for fishing and sustinance but what they could get with their naked industry they indured most extreme wants hauing beene now neere two yeeres without any supply to any purpose it is a wonder how they should subsist much lesse so to resist the Saluages fortifie themselues plant sixtie acres of Corne besides their Gardens that were well replenished with many vsuall fruits But in the beginning of Iuly came in two ships of Master Westons though we much wanted our selues yet we releeued them what we could and to requite vs they destroied our Corne and Fruits then planted and did what they could to haue done the like to vs. At last they were transported to Wichaguscusset at the Massachusets where they abused the Saluages worse then vs. We hauing neither Trade nor scarce any thing remaining God sent in one Master Iones and a ship of Westons had beene at Monahigan amongst the Fisher-men that for Beuer skinnes and such Merchandize as wee had very well refreshed vs though at deere rates Weston left also his men a small Barke and much good prouision and so set saile for England Then wee ioyned with them to trade to the Southward of Cape Cod twice or thrice wee were forced to returne first by the death of their Gouernor then the sicknesse of Captaine Standish At last our Gouernor Master Bradford vndertooke it himselfe to haue found the passage betwixt the Shoules and the Maine then Tusquantum our Pilot died so that we returned to the Massachusets where we found the trade spoiled and nothing but complaints betwixt the Saluages and the English At Nawset we were kindly vsed and had good trade though we lost our Barge the Saluages carefully kept both her wracke and some ten Hosheads of Corne three moneths and so we returned some by land some in the ship Captaine Standish being recouered went to fetch them both and traded at Namasket and Monomete where the people had the plague a place much frequented with Dutch and French Here the Sachem put a man to death for killing his fellow at play wherein they are so violent they will play their coats from their backs and also their wiues though many miles from them But our prouision decaying Standish is sent to Mattachist where they pretended their wonted loue yet it plainly appeared they intended to kill him Escaping thence wee went to Monomete where we found nothing but bad countenances Heare one Wittuwamat a notable villaine would boast how many French and English hee had slaine This Champion presenting a Dagger to the Sachem Canacum he had got from the English occasioned vs to vnderstand how they had contriued to murder all the English in the Land but hauing such a faire opportunitie they would begin heere with vs. Their scornfull vsage made the Captaine so passionate to appease his anger and choler their intent made many faire excuses for satisfaction Scar a lusty Saluage alwaies seeming the most to effect vs bestowed on vs the best presents he had without any recompence saying Hee was rich enough to bestow such fauours on his friends yet had vndertaken to kill the Captaine himselfe but our vigilencies so preuented the aduantage they expected we safely returned little suspecting in him any such treachery During this time a Dutch ship was driuen a shore at Massasowat whose King lay very sicke now because it is a generall custome then for all their friends to visit them Master Winslow and Master Hamden with Habamok for their guide were sent with such Cordialls as they had to salute him by the way they so oft heard the King was dead Habamok would breake forth in those words My louing Sachem my louing Sachem many haue I knowne but neuer any like thee nor shall euer see the like amongst the Saluages for he was no lier nor bloudy and cruell like other Indians in anger soone reclaimed he would be ruled by reason not scorning the aduice of meane men and gouerned his men better with a few strokes then others with many truly louing where he loued yea he feared wee had not a faithfull friend left amongst all his Countrey-men shewing how oft he had restrained their malice much more with much passion he spoke to this purpose till at last we arriued where we found the Dutchmen but newly gone and the house so full we could hardly get in By their charmes they distempered vs that were
small diuisions will effect little but such miserable conclusions as both the French and we too long haue tried to our costs Now commonly 200000. fish will load a ship of 100. tunnes in New-found land but halfe so many will neere doe it in New-England which carried to Toloune or Merselus â—here the custome is small and the Kintall lesse then 90. English pounds weight and the prise when least 12. shillings the Kintall which at that rate amounts to 1320. l. starling and the ship may either there be discharged or imployed as hath beene said to refraught for England so that the next yeere she may be ready to goe her fishing voyage againe at a farre cheaper rate then before To this adde but 12. tuns of traine oile which deliuered in New found land is 10. l. the tun makes 120. l. then it is hard if there be not 10000. of Coâ—â—fish which also sold there at 5. l. the 1000. makes 50. l. which brought to England in somes places yeelds neere halfe so much more but â—f at Mersâ—lus it be sold for 16. d. the Kentall as commonly it is and much dearer it amounts to 1760. l. and if the Boats follow the fishing â—ll the 15. of October they may take 80000. more which with their traine in Nâ—w-found land at 4. l. the 1000. will amount to 320. l. which added to 1320. l. with 120. l. for Oile and 10000. of Cor-fish 50. l. and the ouerplus at Merselus which will be 440. l. make the totall 2250. l. which diuided in three parts according to their custome the Victualer hath for the former particulars amounting to 420. l. 751. l. so all the charge defraied hee gaines 331. l. 11. s. then for the fraught of the ship there is 751. l. and so much for the Master and his company which comparing with the voiages hath beene made to New-England you may easily finde which is the better though both bee good But now experience hath taught them at New-Plimoth that in Aprill there is a fish much like a Herring that comes vp into the small Brookes to spawne and where the water is not knee deepe they will presse vp through your hands yea though you beat at them with Cudgels and in such abundance as is incredible which they take with that facility they manure their land with them when they haue occasion after those the Cod also presseth in such plenty euen into the very Harbours they haue caught some in their armes and hooke them so fast three men oft loadeth a Boat of two tuns in two houres where before they vsed most to fish in deepe water The present estate of New-Plimoth AT New-Plimoth there is about 180 persons some cattell and goats but many swine and poultry 32 dwelling houses whereof 7 were burnt the last winter and the value of fiue hundred pounds in other goods the Towne is impailed about halfe a mile compasse In the towne vpon a high Mount they haue a Fort well built with wood lome and stone where is planted their Ordnance Also a faire Watch-tower partly framed for the Sentinell the place it seemes is healthfull for in these last three yeeres notwithstanding their great want of most necessaries there hath not one died of the first planters they haue made a salt worke and with that salt preserue the fish they take and this yeare hath fraughted a ship of 180. tunnes The Gouernour is one Mr. William Bradford their Captaine Miles Standish a bred Souldier in Holland the chiefe men for their assistance is Master Isaak Alderton and diuers others as occasion serueth their Preachers are Master William Bruster and Master Iohn Layford The most of them liue together as one family or houshold yet euery man followeth his trade and profession both by sea and land and all for a generall stocke out of which they haue all their maintenance vntill there be a diuident betwixt the Planters and the Aduenturers Those Planters are not seruants to the Aduenturers here but haue onely councells of directions from them but no iniunctions or command and all the masters of families are partners in land or whatsoeuer setting their labours against the stocke till certaine yeeres be expired for the diuision they haue young men and boies for their Apprentises and seruants and some of them speciall families as Ship-carpenters Salt-makers Fish-masters yet as seruants vpon great wages The Aduenturers which raised the stocke to begin and supply this Plantation were about 70. some Gentlemen some Merchants some handy-crafts men some aduenturing great summes some small as their estates and affection serued The generall stocke already imploied is about 7000. l. by reason of which charge and many crosses many of them would aduenture no more but others that knowes so great a designe cannot bee effected without both charge losse and crosses are resolued to goe forward with it to their powers which deserue no small commendations and encouragement These dwell most about London they are not a corporation but knit together by a voluntary combination in a society without constraint or penalty aiming to doe good to plant Religion they haue a President Treasurer euery yeere newly chosen by the most voices who ordereth the affaires of their Courts and meetings and with the assent of the most of them vndertaketh all ordinary businesses but in more weighty affaires the assent of the whole Company is required There hath beene a fishing this yeere vpon the Coast about 50. English ships and by Cape Anne there is a Plantation a beginning by the Dorchester men which they hold of those of New-Plimoth who also by them haue set vp a fishing worke some talke there is some other pretended Plantations all whose good proceedings the eternal God protect and preserue And these haue beene the true proceedings and accidents in thosâ— Plantations Now to make a particular relation of all the acts and orders in the Courts belonging vnto them of the anihilating old Patents and procuring new with the charge paines and arguments the reasons of such changes all the treaties consultations orations and dissentions about the sharing and diuiding those large territories confirming of Counsailers electing all sorts of Officers directions Letters of aduice and their answers disputations about the Magazines and Impositions suâ—ers for Patents positions for Freedomes and confirmations with complaints of iniuries here and also the mutinies examinations arraignements executions and the cause of the so oft reuolt of the Saluages at large as many would haue had and it may be some doe expect it would make more quarrels then any of them would willingly answer such a volume as would tire any wise man but to read the contents for my owne part I rather feare the vnpartiall Reader wil thinke this rather more tedious then necessary but he that would be a practitioner in those affaires I hope will allow them not only needfull but expedient but how euer if you please to beare with