pressed them to confesse their sinnes and so to receiue the Lords Supper which when they refused to doe it was apparant to the Friars that they were of the reformed Religion whom they terme heretikes Whereupon the Friars beganne to neglect them I will not say to hate them and while the two which were wounded staied for recouery of their health and so detained the other two with them it happened that the third fell sicke So as none had their health now but Master Verseline who louingly and like a seruant more then a friend prouided all necessaries for his companion Master Bacon till at last himselfe also fell sicke and was the first of them that died Then within eight daies space all the rest died either for that they were neglected by the Friers which I thinke sufficient in that Countrey to cast away any in their case or by their too much care namely by poison as some suspect for the Friars haue one of their order who is skilfull in physicke and hath a chamber furnished with cooling waters sirops and other medicines most fit for that Countrey When they were dead the Friars gaue into the Turkes hands the bodies of the two Flemmings and Master Verseline who had little store of crownes which belonged to the great Turke as heire to all strangers and the Turkes permitted them to be buried vpon Mount Syon without the wals in the Church yard proper to the Christians of Europe But Master Bacon ouerliuing the rest and now seeing his life to depend vpon the Friars care of him shewed a Nouice Friar long bracelets of peeces of gold twined about his arme and promising to giue them all to him and greater rewards if he would goe with him into England so as he would take care of him in his sickenesse he had perswaded the young Friar to goe with him into England and to promise him faithfull seruice there yet when this Nouice at his confession made this knowne and after verified as much to the Guardian and chiefe Friars I know not whether the hope of this booty made him die sooner but I am sure he liued very few daies after And giue me leaue to tell the truth these Friars either to gaine his money which was due to the Great Turke or for feare that inquisition should be made by the Turkes after the cause of his death appearing by manifest signes vpon his body as others suspected and reported I say these Friers buried this Gentleman in a yard of their Monastery secretly which if the Great Turke or any of his Magistrates had knowne no doubt they would gladly haue taken this occasion to extort much money from the Frires since by the like forged accusations they vse sometimes to oppresse them the very Turkes hauing at other times themselues buried dead bodies within the circuit of the Monastery and after caused them to be digged vp as if they had beene casually found and then crying that their Ottoman was deceiued put the Friars to pay large ransomes for redeeming of their liues And let no man wonder that these hungry Gouernours of Cities and Prouinces in Turkey should vse like frauds to intrap Christians as they doe very frequently since they buy their Offices and many times are recalled before they be warme in their seats if any man at Constantinople offer larger summes for their imployment So as this one Prouince of Palestine and one City of Ierusalem though hauing small or no trafficke hath had in one yeeres space foure Zaniacci the old being recalled to Constantinople assoone as his successour had outbribed him there And this is one of the greatest mischiefes in this Empire since starueling flies sucke much more then those that are fully gorged The foresaid Zaniacco is chiefe Gouernour for military and ciuill affaires of all Pallestine and lies at Ierusalem in the house of Pontius Pilate His Substitute or Liefetenant is called Catake who cast one of our consorts for a time into prison because he complained of the Turkish exactions and his owne pouerty The third Magistrate is called Cady who gouernes Ecclesiastiall matters and dwelt in Salomons house as they call it at Ierusalem neere the yard of the old Temple of the Iewes in which now a Turkish Mosche was built and of this man we had our leaue to enter the City and to see the sepulcher and being called before him we were commanded to put off our shooes he sitting crosse leg'd like a Tailor on the ground vpon a Turkey Carpet The fourth Magistrate was called Agha who kept the Castle of Ierusalem and when we walked one euening on that part of the roofe of our Monastery whence we had the fairest prospect into the City he sent a messenger to command vs to retire from beholding the Castle or otherwise he would discharge a peece of Ordinance at vs. CHAP. III. Of our iourney from Ierusalem by land to Haleppo by Sea to Tripoli in Syria by land to Haleppo and Scanderona and of our passage by Sea to the Iland Candia VPon Friday the fourteenth of Iune in the yeere 1596 we went out of Ierusalem and by the same way and in the same manner as wee came rode backe to Ramma deliuering to our guide as many zechines as before to pay for the Turkish exactions and to our Muccari for their Asses which we had hired Neither did any memorable thing happen to vs by the way saue that when we came neere to Ramma and by chance rode ouer the place of buriall for the Turks where some women were then mourning for their dead friends they thinking it a reproch that we should ride ouer their graues did with inraged countenances fling stones at vs till wee appeased them by dismounting from our Asses The fifteenth of Iune we came backe to Ioppa where our guide gaue three meidines to a Ianizare that hee would beate with a cudgell certaine Arabians who had offered vs wrong by the way which hee did readily and roundly Then without delay we went aboard our little Greeke Barke which according to our bargaine at Cyprus staied here for our returne For the Master thereof was further tied to transport vs from hence to Tripoli in Syria neither had he yet receiued full paiment for transporting vs hither the money being left in Cyprus with an Italian Merchant who was to pay it him at his returne if hee brought a testimony vnder our hands that he had performed his bargaine to vs. This condition we made prouidently and by aduice of experienced men for otherwise the Master of our Barke vpon any profitable occasion would haue left this port before our returne from Ierusalem and wee should hardly haue found another Barke here in a place not much frequented with ships Besides that the restraint of the money not to be payed but vpon a testimony brought vnder our hands was a good caution that he should not vse vs ill nor any way betray vs. The sixteenth of Iune vpon
of Ormond concerning Tyrone who in this returne had gone further in three dayes then at his setting forth in thirteene hauing in one day marched twenty seuen miles so speedily as he could not ouertake any of his troopes with the Queenes forces though he marched after him twentie miles in foure houres adding his purpose to make present head towards the North without which diuersion 〈◊〉 rebels the 〈◊〉 to be planted at Loughfoyle was like to runne a dangerous to tune And withall sending some of Tyrones Mandates by which hee summoned the 〈◊〉 of Mounster to appeare before him and to ioyne with him of which I haue thought good for the strangenesse of the forme to insert this one following O Neale commendeth him vnto you Morish Fitz Thomas O Neale requesteth you in Gods name to take part with him and fight for your conscience and right and in so doing Oncale will spend to see you righted in all your affaires and will helpe you And if you come not at Oneale betwixt this and tomorrow at twelue of the clocke and take his part Oneale is not beholding to you and will doe to the vttermost of his power to ouerthrow you if you come not to him at furthest by Satturday noone From Knocke Dumayne in Calrie the fourth of February 1599 Oneale requesteth you to come speake with him and doth giue you his word that you shall receiue no harme neither in comming nor going from him whether you be friend or not and bring with you to Oneale Gerat Fitz-gerald Subscribed O Neale The seuenth of March the Lord Deputy was aduertised that Tyrone returned to Dungannon his House the fifteenth day and brought with him out of Mounster foure pledges of Desmonds faith vnto him That the Earle of Clanrickard had sworne so soon as the Lord of Dunkellyn his eldest sonne returned out of England to take no longer day then May next to ioyne with Tyrone and enter into action so the Irish terme rebellion and that Tyrone had called the Lords of the North together to consult about the opposition to be made against the intended plancation of the English Garrisons at Loughfoyle The twentieth of March Master Secretary wrote to the Lord Deputy that the Earle of Essex hitherto restrained in the Lord Keepers House had found the Grace with her Maiesty to be sent to his owne house in London yet with a keeper for Sir Richard Bakley had the guard of him with the keyes of the water-gate and street doore and the Earle had the freedome of the whole House with a dozen seruants to attend him who might freely go in and out at pleasure and the Countesse of Essex had liberty to come thither to him And the Lord Deputy still continued frequently to solicite the Secretaries fauour to this noble Earle many times inlarging himselfe so farre as to iustifie the Earles faithfull endeauours in the maine point of the late Irish seruice about which he was most questioned Insomuch as seeing the Earles actions in Ireland to be narrowly sifted he wrote not long after to the Secretary expressely auowing That if the Earle of Essex had brought with him a farre greater Army the estate of the yeere being as then it was and he comming at that time of the yeere when he did yet during his aboade there which was from March to September there could no other consequence haue iustly beene expected in that so short time but that the Rebels moued with the countenance and terrour of the Army should generally or for the most part haue sought her Maiesties mercy and making their submission haue beene receiued vpon pledges to continue subiects or else to haue sought to haue ruined them by planting strong garrisons which in most places must haue beene done by an Army and they being in seuerall places and many circumstances besides required thereunto the effecting thereof would haue taken vp as much time as he spent here And though the terrour of the Army did not worke the first effect being in the choyce of the enemy vntill by the second course they might be constrained that the fault was in their disposition and not in the Earles endeauours or power And though the garrisons were not accordingly planted that as well the shortnes of the time as the Counsels to which the Earle was tied at that time might iustly cleere him of that default CHAP. II. Of the Lord Deputies particular proceedings in the prosecution of the Rebels in the yeere 1600. THe twenty foure of March being the last day of the former yeere the Lord Deputy signed the following List of the Army to bee a direction to the Treasurer at warres for the payment thereof from the first of Aprill in the yeere 1600 so forward Generall Officers for the Army The Earle of Orn. ond Lord Lieutenant of the Army per diem three pound Sir Oliuer Lambert Sergeant Maior per diem twentie shillings George Beuerley Controller of the victuals per diem ten shillings Fiue Commissaries of the victuals whereof one per diem eight shillings the rest sixe shillings a peece Twelue Colonels at ten shillings a peece per diem Earle of Thomond Lord Audley Lord Dunkellin Sir Henry Dockwra Sir Henry Poore Sir Charles Percy Sir Matthew Morgan Sir Christop St. Laurence Sir Charles Willmot Sir Iohn Bolles Sir Arthur Sauage Sir Richard Moryson A Prouost Marshal of Ballishannon and another of Loughfoyle each at foure shillings per diem Companies of Horse The Lord Deputie one hundred at eighteene pence a peece per diem The Earle of Ormond fiftie at twelue pence The Earle of Southampton one hundred halfe at eighteene pence and halfe at fifteene pence The Earle of Kildare fiftie at twelue pence The Earle of Clanrickard fiftie at twelue pence The Lord of Dunsany fiftie at twelue pence The Lord President of Mounster fiftie at eighteene pence Sir Garret Moore twentie fiue at twelue pence Sir Christopher Sant Laurence twentie fiue at twelue pence The Lord Dunkellin 25 Sir Henrie Harington 26 Sir William Warren 25 Sir Samuel Bagnal 50 Sir Edward Herbert 12 Sir Oliuer Lambert 25 Captaine Wayman Prouost Martiall of Connaght 12 Captaine Richard Greame 50 Captaine Thomas Gifford 25 Captaine Fleming 25 Captaine Taffe 25 all 12 pence per diem Sir Richard Wingfield Marshall 50 whereof 20 at eighteene pence and thirtie at twelue pence per diem Captaine Thomas White 50 Sir Anthony Cooke 50 at fifteene pence per diem Sir Henrie Dauers 100 at eighteene pence Sir Henrie Dockwrra 50 halfe at eighteene pence haife at twelue pence Sir Grif. Markam 100 halfe at fifteene pence halfe twelue pence Totall of Horse 1200. Companies of Foot To be sent from Dublin to Loughfoyle in Vlster Sir Henry Dockwra Gouernor of Loughfoyle and Colonel of the Army 200 Sir Matthew Morgan Colonel 150 Sir Iohn Chamberlaine 150 Captaine Errington 100 Captaine Heath 150 Captaine Badbye 150 Captaine Lister 100 To be sent out of England to the same place Sir Iohn Bolles
Lord Deputies discretion But their Lordships aduised warily to obserue and know such as offered submission because it had alwaies been the Arch-traitors practise to let slip such as he could not defend that they might saue their goods and liue vpon her Maiestie without any intent to doe her seruice Lastly whereas the Lord of Dunkellin by his letters in regard of some restrictions whereby hee was disabled to serue her Maiestie as he desired had made offer to resigne the gouernement he had in the Prouince of Connaght And forasmuch as the Queene was alwaies vnwilling to imploy any great Lord in his owne Countrie yet finding him placed in that gouernement by the Earle of Essex had still continued him there only out of her speciall fauor to him And for that of late some insolencies had bin offered to Companies of the English by the old Earle of Clanrieards soldiers in her Maiesties pay Their Lordships signified that the Queenes pleasure was to accept the Lord of Dunkellins resignation in the fairest maner and withall carefull tendering of his honour aduising the Lord Deputie to inuite him to accompany his Lordship and serue in the Army vnder him And Sir Arthur Sauage then a Colonel of the Army and lying with his Company at Athlone was appointed prouisionall Gouernour of the Prouince of Connaght except the Lord Deputie knew some sufficient cause to the contrary The Lord Deputy hauing attained his end of drawing the Army into the North by the safe landing and setling of Loughfoyle Garrison in the farthest North of Ireland on Tyrones backe His Lordship the twentie eight of May hearing that Tyrone had drawne backe his men two miles further into the fastnesse and being informed that the Pace of the Moyrye by reason of much wet lately fallen and the Rebels breaking of the causey was hard to passe returned by Carlingford pace to Dundalke and so to Dublin where he vnderstood that the Rebels had in his absence burned the Pale though he left for defence of it 2000 foot and 175 horse in Lemster but the damage was not answerable to the clamour for many priuate men haue in England sustained greater losse by casuall fire in time of peace then the whole Pale had done by the enemies burning in warre and many priuate men in England haue in one yeere lost more cattel by a rot then the Pale lost by this spoyling of the rebels of which they lamentably complained Besides that indeede this burning and spoyling of the very Pale did further the greatest end of finishing the warres no way so likely to be brought to an end as by a generall famine Giue me leaue to digresse a little to one of the fatall periods of Robert the noble Earle of Essex his tragedy and the last but one which was his death whereof the following relation was sent into Ireland The fifth of Iune there assembled at Yorke-house in London about the hearing of my Lord of Essex his cause eighteene Commissioners viz. my Lord of Canterburie Lord Keeper Lord Treasurer Lord Admi Lords of Worcester Shrewsbury Cumberland Huntington Darby Zouch Mast. Comptroller Master Secretarie Sir Ihon Fortescu Lord Popham Chiefe Iustice Lord Anderson Chiefe Iustice of the common Pleas Lord Perian Chiefe Baron of the Exchequer Iustices Gaudy and Walmesley They sate from eight of the clock in the morning till very neere nine at night all at a long table in chaires At the Earles comming in none of the Commissioners stirred cap or gaue any signe of curtesie He kneeled at the vpper end of the Table and a good while without a cushion At length my Lord of Canterbury moued my Lord Treasurer and they ioyntly my Lord Keeper and Lord Admirall that sat ouer against them then was he permitted a cushion yet still was suffered to kneele till the Queenes Sergeants speech was ended when by the consent of the Lords he was permitted to stand vp and after vpon my Lord of Canterburies motion to haue a stoole The manner of proceeding was this My Lord Keeper first deliuered the cause of the assembly and then willed the Queenes Counsaile at Law viz Sergeant Attorney Solicitor and Master Bacon to informe against him The Sergeant began and his speech was not long onely a preface as it were to the accusations The summe of it was to declare the Queenes Princely care and prouision for the warres of Ireland and also her gratious dealing with the Earle before he went in discharging ten thousand pound of his debts and giuing him almost so much more to buy him horses and prouide himself and especially in her proceedings in this cause when as after so great occasion of offence as the consumption of a royall Army fruitlesse wasting thirty hundred thousand 〈◊〉 treasure contempt and disobedience to her expresse commandement she notwithstanding was content to be so mercifull towards him as not to proceede against him in any of her Courts of Iustice but only in this priuate sort by way of mercy and fauour After him the Attorney began whose speech contained the body and substance of the accusation it was very sharp stinging for besides the man faults of contempt and disobedience where with hee charged him he did also shrewdly inferre a dangerous disposition and purpose which was by many rhetoricall amplifications agrauated to the full he diuided his speech into three parts Quomodo ingressus Quomodo progressus Quomodo regressus In the ingresse hee obserued how large a Commission he stood vpon such a one as neuer any man had the like before namely that he might haue authoritie to pardon all Traytors of himselfe yea to pardon treason committed against her Maiesties owne person and that he might mannage the warres by himself without being tied to the aduice of the Counsell of Ireland which clause hee said was granted that he might at first proceede in the Northerne iourny which the Counsell of Ireland whose lands and liuings lay in the South might perhaps hinder and labor to diuert him to the safeguard of themselues In the other two parts of his speech were contained fiue speciall crimes wherwith the Earle was charged viz. His making the Earle of Southampton Generall of the Horse 2. His going to Lemster and Mounster when he should haue gone to Vlster 3. His making so many Knights 4. His conference with Tyrone 5. His returne out of Ireland contrary to her Maiesties command These all sauing the fourth were recited by the Lords in their censures as the crimes for which he was censured by them The first was amplified for that he did it contrary to her Maiesties mind plainely signified vnto him in England that hee increased that offence by continuing him in that office stil when her Maiesty by letters had expressely commanded him to displace him and thirdly for that he wrote a very bold presumptuous letter to her Maiesty in excuse of that offence which letter was afterwards read The second point of his Southerne iourny was agrauated
next day were sent to Corke This night Sir Iohn Barkeley went out with some three hundred foot hauing with him Captaine Flower Captaine Morris and Captaine Bostocke and fell into the Spaniards trenches and did beate them to the Towne fell into the gate with them and killed and hurt aboue twenty of the Spaniards hauing but three hurt of our men Hitherto we lodged in Cabbins so as it rained vpon vs in our beds and when we changed our shirts The sixe and twenty the Army dislodged and incamped on an hill on the North-side before Kinsale called the Spittle somewhat more then musket shot from the Towne and there intrenched strongly When we fat downe we discouered that the Spaniards had gotten a prey of two hundred or three hundred Cowes and many sheepe which were in an Iland as it seemed vpon the South-east side of the Towne beyond the water which wee could not passe but by going eight or nine mile about where there was a necke of land to goe into it Captaine Taffe being sent with horse and foot vsed such expedition in that businesse as he attained the place before night and 〈◊〉 hot skirmish recouered the prey saue onely some twenty Cowes that the Spaniards had killed although they were vnder the guard of a Castle called Castle Ny Parke which the Spaniards had in possession The disposall of the whole Army in Ireland the seuen and twentieth of October 1601. Left at Loughfoyle Sir Henry Dockwra 50. Sir Iohn Bolles 50. Horse 100. Sir Henry Dockwra 200. Sir Matthew Morgan 150. Captaine Badby 150. S r Iohn Bolles 150. Captaine Erington 100. Captaine Vaughan 100. Captaine Bingley 150. Captaine Coach 100. Captaine Basset 100. Captaine Dutton 100. Captaine Floyde 100. Captaine Oram 100. Captaine Alford 100. Captaine Pinner 100. Captaine Winsor 100. Captaine Sydley 100. Captaine Atkinson 100. Captaine Digges 100. Captaine Brooke 100. Captaine Stafford 100. Captaine Orrell 100. Captaine Letgh 100. Captaine Sidney 100. Captaine Gower 150. Captaine Willes 150. Captaine W. N. 100. Foote 3000. Horse left at Carickfergus Sir Arthur Chichester Gouernour 50. Captaine Iohn Iephson 100. Horse 150. Foote left at Carickfergus Sir Arthur Chichester Gouernour 200. Sir Foulke Conway 150. Captaine Egerton 100. Captaine Norton 100. Captaine Billings 150. Captaine Phillips 150. Foote 850. Foote left in Lecale Sir Richard Moryson the Gouernours Company vnder his Lieutenant himselfe attending the Lord Deputy at Kinsale 150. Horse left in Northerne Garrisons At the Newrie Sir Francis Stafford 50. At Mount Norreys Sir Samuel Bagnol 50. Horse 100. Foote in the North Garrisons At the Newrye Sir Francis Stafford 200. At Dundalke Captaine Freckleton 100. At Carlingford Captaine Hansard 100. At Mount Norreys Captaine Atherton 100. At Arinagh Sir Henrie Dauers vnder his Lieutenant himselfe being at Kinsale 150. At Blackwater Captaine Thomas Williams 150. Foote 800. Horse left in the Pale and places adioyning In Kilkenny the Earle of Ormond 50. In Kildare the Earle of Kildare 50. In West-meath the Lord of Dunsany 50. In Lowth Sir Garret Moore 25. Horse 175. Foote in the Pale At Kilkenny the Earle of Ormond 150. Captaine Iohn Masterson 100. Captaine Thomas Butler 100. At Carlogh Sir Christopher Saint Laurence 150. Sir Francis Shane 100. Sir Tilbot Dillon 100. Sir Edward Fitz Garret 100. Sir Henrie Harington 100. Sir Richard Greame 100. At the Nasse Sir Laurence Esmond 150. In Ophalia Sir George Bourcher 100. Sir Edwird Harbert 100. Sir Henrie Warren 100. In Leax Fort Sir Francis Rush 150. To be placed by the Counsell at Dublin Sir Henrie Power vnder his Lieutenant himselfe being at Kinsale 150. Sir Samuel Bagnol 150. Sir William Warren 100. Captaine Guest 150 Captaine Cawfeild 150. At Kildare the Earle of Kildare 100. Captaine Ocarrol in his Countrie 100. At Kelles the Lord of Dunsany 150. In West-meath the Lord of Deluin 150. Captaine Mac Henry 100. At Ardee Sir Garret Meere 100. Captaine N. N. 150. Foote 3150. Horse left in Cònnaght The Earle of Clanrickard 50. Captaine Wayman 12. Horse 62. Foote left in Connaght Sir Oliuer Lambert Gouernour 150. The Earle of Clanrickard 150. Sir Thomas Bourk 150. Captaine Clare 150. Captaine Thomas Bourk 100. Captaine Malbye 150. Captaine Tybbot ne Long 100. Captaine Dauy Bourke 100. A Company void for the Iudges pay 100. Foote 1150. Totall of Horse 587. Totall of Foote 9100. The Lyst of the Army with his Lordship at Kinsale The old Mounster Lyst Sir George Carew Lord President 50. Sir Anthony Cooke 50. Captaine Fleming 25. Captaine William Taffe 50. Horse 175. Foote of the old Lyst The Lord President 150. The Earle of Thomond 150. Lord Barry 100. Lord Audley 150. Sir Charles Wilmot 150. Master Treasurer 100. Captaine Roger Haruey 150. Captaine Thomas Spencer 150. Captaine George Flower 100. Captaine William Saxey 100. Captaine Garret Dillon 100. Captaine Nuse 100. Sir Richard Percy 150. Sir Francis Barkeley 100. Captaine Power 100. A Company for the Earle of Desmonds vse 100. Foote 1950. New Companies sent into Mounster lately which arriued and were put into pay the fourth of September past The Lord President added to his Company 50. The Earle of Thomond added to his Company 50. Sir George Thorneton 100. Captaine Skipwith 100. Captaine Morris 100. Captaine Kemish 100 Captaine North 100. Captaine Owslye 100. Captaine Fisher 100. Captaine Yorke 100. Captaine Hart 100. Captaine Lisle 100. Captaine Rauenseroft 100. Cap. Rich. Hansard 100. Captaine George Greame 100. Captaine Yeluerton 100. Captaine Panton 100. Captaine Cullom 100. Captaine Hobby 100. Captaine Gowen Haruy 100. Captaine Coote 100. Foote 2000. Horse brought from the North and the Pale to Kinsale The Lord Deputies troope 100. Sir Henrie Dauers 100. Master Marshall 50. Sir Christopher Saint Laurence 25. Sir Henrie Harrington 25. Sir Edward Harbert 12. Sir William Warren 25. Sir Richard Greame 50. Sir Oliuer Saint Iohns 25. Sir Francis Rush 12. Captaine George Greame 12. Horse 436. Foote that Sir Iohn Barkeley brought from the borders of Connaght to Kinsale Sir Iohn Barkley 200. Sir Arthur Sauage 150. Sir Oliuer Saint Iohns 200. Sir Iohn Dowdall 100. Captaine Kingsmill 100. Captaine George Blount 100. Captaine Bosteck 100. Foote 950. Foote brought out of the Pale by Master Marshall and from the Northerne Garrisons by Sir Henry Dauers to Kinsale The Lord Deputies Guard 200. Master Marshall 150. Sir Beniamin Berry 150. Sir William Fortescue 150. Sir Iames Fitz-piers 150. Sir Thomas Loftus 100. Sir Henrie Follyet 150. Captaine Edward Blany 150. Captaine Iosias Bodley 150. Captaine Rotheram 150. Captaine Thomas Roper 150. Captaine Roe 150. Captaine Treuer 100. Captaine Ralph Constable 100. Foote 2000. At Kinsale Horse 611. Foote 6900. Totall of the whole Army in Ireland Horse 1198. Foote 16000. Of the sixe thousand nine hundred foote at Kinsale in Mounster one Company of one hundred was conuerted to the Earle of Desmonds vse who was then kept in England and some were placed vpon the borders of the Prouince to bee a stay to the Countrie And all the
another Regiment added to strengthen it drawne out of the first campe on the North side of the Towne where the Lord Deputy lodged the lot whereof fell to Sir Charles Wilmott That our trenches and Fort on the East side for the guarding of the cannon should be committed to the continuall guard of Captaine Blany and our Fort at the West gate to Captaine Ghest And that our battery should cease till those stormes of new Spanish supplies and the Irish Rebels drawing neere were ouer A Drumme was sent to the Towne to offer Don Iean liberty to bury his dead which message he receiued with due respect but prayed vs to burie them with promise to do the like for any of ours happening to fall in his power And because our Drum according to his direction expostulated with Don Iean that howsoeuer the Spanish prisoners were well vsed by vs yet his Lordship heard that one of our men taken in the last salley after he was hurt so long as he gaue himselfe out to be an Irish man was kept in the hospitall but after being discouered to be an Englishman was drawne out and killed For this cause Don Iean sent backe with him a Spanish Drum to the Lord Deputy intreating buriall for his dead with the foresaid promise to doe the like for ours and for the expostulation denying any such thing done to his knowledge with protestation to punish it highly if hee could discouer any such thing to haue been done The first his Lordship promised to doe as a Christian like act though he knew the inequalitie of the offer hauing so many of their bodies presently in his power For the second his Lordship rested satisfied yet his L p did further expostulate with the Drum that vpon our summons of the Towne after martiall manner they were not content to returne a resolute answere but added scandalous words terming vs meschini To which he answered protesting that the speech was ill deliuered by an harquebuzier who vndertooke to interpret it but could not doe it rightly His Lordship also excepted to a kind of challenge sent by Don Iean that the question betweene England and Spaine should be tried by combat betweene them two this triall being in neither of their powers by commission nor in Don Ieans will though hee had the power besides that the Councell of Trent forbad the Romanists to fight in Campo Stectuto or combat in the field so as this message was rather quarelsome then honourable which otherwise his Lordship protested to bee most willing to accept with thankes for the noble offer Lastly his Lordship remembred that at our first setting downe he sent a Drum to Don Iean with this message That whereas his Lordship vnderstood certaine Ladies and women to bee in the Towne he offered them before the playing of our Artillerie free leaue to depart or remaining there still to command any prouision for themselues which our campe afforded And that Don Iean made an vnciuill answere That he would not be his Baud. To these exceptions hee answered with a Spanish shrug of the shouldier as hauing no knowledge nor commission to satisfie his Lordship therein So his Lordship protested that all the courtesie offered hitherto by him proceeded out of that honourable respect which vseth to passe betweene honourable enemies and because he would euer be true to his owne Honour whatsoeuer others were to theirs But in case it were conceiued to proceede of any respect of the greatnes or power of the Spanish Nation or his owne feare that he would hereafter shew how much he disdained such ill interpretations of courtesie And so his Lordship dismissed the Drum This night the Spaniards attempted something by boats against our Sentinels but were soone beaten backe againe The fifth day Sir Richard Leuison though the wind hindered the going out of Kinsale Harbour yet with towing got out the Warspite the Defiance the Swiftsure the Marline one Merchant and a Caruill and with them went to seeke the Spanish Fleete newly arriued at Castlehauen The same day the foure Regiments aboue named did remoue to the new camping place as was determined the day before The sixth day at ten in the morning our Fleete arriued at Castle hauen and before foure in the after-noone one Spanish ship was sunke the Spanish Admirall with nine foote water in hold droue to the shore vpon the rocks the Vice-admirall with two others droue likewise a ground most of the Spaniards quitting their ships Our Fleete was forced to stay there the next day by contrary winds and the Spaniards hauing landed some Ordinance plaied vpon our ships all the day but the night following they warped out and the day after returned to Kinsale The sixt day likewise a Scottish Barke bringing soldiers from Spaine and being one of the Fleet newly ariued at Castlehauen but seuered from them at sea by storme came into the Harbour of Kinsale and put the Spaniards being fourescore into our hands who were brought to the campe and examined before the Lord Deputie Dauid High of Lieth Master and Owner of the Vnicorne examined laid vpon oath That he went from Waterford sixe weekes agoe with goods of Waterford for Rochel and so for Burdeaux but was driuen through foule weather and a leake into the Groyne where within an hower after hee was at Anchor his ship was arrested and himselfe taken by the Gouernour called Conde but after they had vnladen the Barke and taken away the sailes he was set at libertie That Siriago with a part of the Spanish Fleete sent for Ireland was then there and ready to embarke againe for Ireland hauing about one thousand foure hundred land souldiers placed in nine ships whereof this examinate was one the Admirall in which Syriago was being a Netherlander of one hundred fifty tunne or therabout the Vice-admirall a Flemming of one hundred twenty tunne or there abouts beside three French ships and three Scots and a Fliboat That they haue great prouisions of Powder Pioners tooles and twelue or 14 great Pieces mounted for the field That the seuen and twentieth of the last they set saile at Groine and had their directions as farre as this examinate vnderstands for Kinsale That before their departure from the Groyne one Iordan Roche of Kinsale bound for Burdeaux and from thence for South-Spaine comming to an anchor at the Groyne was there taken and forced in the Kings name to be a Pilot on this coast his ship being sent on her voiage by whom they vnderstood that the Castles of Ryncoran and Nyparke were taken which hee heard also by the report of a French man hee met at sea That aboard his ship there was imbarked about fourescore Spaniards and fiue or sixe women about fiue and twentie tunne of Bread and sixe Butts of wine whereof the most part was spent in beuerage but other munitions then the souldiers weapons they brought none aboard That Brittingdona is at Lisbone ready to transport two thousand souldiers more for
doe with some greefe obserue in the recommending of many hither for Captaines places when some haue giuen ouer their charge here by which meanes I can neither lessen the Queeries charge as I would by cashing of their Companies nor preferre others thereunto whom I see daily to haue very well deserued it and by this meanes comes in both selling of Companies a thing which I would otherwise neuer suffer and the placing of such Captaines as those which we found here at the beginning of this warre whose insufficiency had almost lost this Kingdome I beseech you Sir conceiue that I haue iust cause to be greeued that must draw vpon my selfe the hatred of a great many that I should discharge in the great cash that I intend who will euer hold me the ouerthrow of them and all their fortunes especially if I be not able to bestow vpon some of the worthiest of them such other places in this Kingdome as haue fallen within the gift of my Predecessors here Although God is my witnes this doth nothing so much greeue mee as that I shall thereby bee disabled to serue her Maiesty as I would to make a speedy end of the warre that might be both safe and durable by leauing such in all places as I know to be best able to serue her and such as if they did not imploy their time in her continuall seruice might more iustly then any other with their presence importune her for rewards of their former seruices And so Sir c. At the same time the Lord Deputy wrote this following letter to her Maiestie May it please your Sacred Maiestie I Haue receiued to my inestimable comfort your gracious letters of the fifteenth of Iuly for none of my indeuours doe satisfie mee in doing you seruice vntill I finde them approued by your Maiestie and when I haue done all that I can the vttermost effects of my labours doe appeare so little to my owne zeale to doe more that I am often ashamed to present them vnto your faire and royall eyes which is the onely cause that I doe not more often presume to present your Maiestie with the account of my proceedings led on with a hope and restlesse desire to improue them vnto some such degree as might bee more worthy of your knowledge And whereas it pleaseth your Maiestie to restraine mee from hearkening vnto the Arch-Traytor Tyrone were it not in respect of my desire to cut off suddenly the chargeable thread of this warre there could nothing come more welcome vnto me then to bee his continuall Scourge and as by the fauour of God he is already brought to a verie low ebbe so vtterly to cut him off or cast him out of this Countrie And although I haue great reason to presume that if hee bee not assisted by any forraigne power the ruine of his estate is certaine yet how as a Vagabond Woodkerne hee may preserue his life and how long I know not and yet therein I humbly desire your Maiestie to beleeue that I will omit nothing that is possible to be compassed And for the caution your Maiesty doth vouchsafe to giue mee about taking in submitties to their aduantage and to the abuse of your mercy I beseech your Maiestie to thinke that in a matter of so great importance my affection will not suffer me to commit so grosse a fault against your seruice as to doe any thing for the which I am not able to giue you a very good account the which aboue all things I desire to doe at your owne royall feete and that your seruice here may giue me leaue to fill my eyes with their onely deare and desired obiect I beseech God confound all your enemies and vnfaithfull subiects and make my hand as happy as my heart is zealous to doe you seruice Your Maiesties truest seruant Mountioy The Fort of Enishlanghen aboue mentioned the inuesting whereof made the Lord Deputie deferte the taking of the felld was seated in the middest of a great Bogge and no way accessable but through thicke Woods very hardly passable It had about it two deepe Ditches both compassed with strong Pallisadoes a verie high and thicke rampeire of earth and timber and well flancked with Bulworkes For defence of the place fortie two Musketeres and some twentie sword-men were lodged in it But after that our Forces with very good industry had made their approches to the first ditch the besieged did yeeld the place to the Queene and themselues absolutely to her mercy So a ward of English was left in the Castle after the spoile thereof was taken wherein were great store of plate and the chiefe goods of the best men in the Countrie being all fled to Tyrone and the men there taken were brought bound to the Newry and presented vpon the nineteenth of August to the Lord Deputy The same day his Lordship wrote this letter following to Master Secretarie Cecyll SIR I haue lately written to you at large and I haue now no more matter of importance to trouble you with onely since my last we haue taken Enishlaghlen a place of great importance and the strongest that I haue heard of to bee held by any Rebell in Ireland Henrie Oneale the eldest sonne of Shane Oneale is broken out of prison as his brother did the like long before and because they doe cast themselues without all conditions into her Maiesties protection I cannot but vse them well but as things stand now I doe not see any great vse to be made of them and I feare I shall be more troubled with them then if they were still where they were To morrow by the grace of God I am againe going into the field as neere as I can vtterlie to waste the Countrie of Tyrone and to preuaile the Garrisons there of some Corne to keepe their horses in the Winter which being done I will leaue the Garrisons to take their effect which when they are well prouided and aswell placed will doe more then an Armie And Sir except things fall out much contrarie to that which wee haue good reason to expect I presume that if the Queene keepe these Garrisons strong and well prouided all this Winter shee may before the next Spring send into this Kingdome Sir Robert Gardner with some other good Common-wealths men with her pleasure how much and how euery man shall hold his land and what lawes shee will haue currant here and I am confident it will bee obeyed Neither is the reducing of this Prouince to bee too little regarded for ill inhabited as it was with no industrie and most part wasted I can assure you the Earle of Tyrone in the time of these warres did raise vpon Vlster aboue fourescore thousand pounds by the yeere and to fall from that excesse I thinke they might bee brought to yeeld the Queene willingly much more then euer she expected presently and in time more then I dare now promise And after this Winter I thinke she may
liberty and euer haue Animum reuertendi an affection to relapse How I am resolued to proceede in this businesse you shall know by the Lord President which notwithstanding many things may alter but for the substance I doe thinke we shall be able to compasse as much as by her Maiesties last letter is required and by yours written after that except that point of the taking from him the title of the Earledome of Tyrone for the which I thinke there be many reasons that it should not be much stood vpon Besides what I haue written before of giuing him contentment which may bee applied to this first you doe but giue him a title which he did shake of as a marke of his bondage and that which he falles from to accept this he did asmuch preferre before this as the estate of an absolute Prince before the condition of a subiect and it is the name of O Neale with the which hee hath done so much mischiefe that is fatall and odious and not the name of Tyrone which hee was saine to leaue before hee could haue power to become a Rebell for belieue mee out of my experience the titles of our Honours doe rather weaken then strengthen them in this Countrie and if you giue him the same degree but with another name it may be thought a condition rather by him obtained then by vs imposed especially if he enioyeth his Countrie and lastlie if you make him onely Barron of Dungannon you leaue in him a spurre to discontentment without any greater bridle from doing hurt for his power will be neuer the lesse and yet he that doth not sit easily will euer thinke of another seate and his owne title will the more runne in his minde the more he is vnsatisfied with this new Notwithstanding al my opinions of these things I will runne as neere as I can to the straightest line of her Maiesties pleasure and I presume I will so handle this matter that I will be sure her Maiesties Honour shall not be indangered I meane by the authority shee hath giuen mee which any man shall hardly take notice of till I be assured vpon what tearmes I shall find him and if his requests be not as humble as becommeth him or as by her Maiesty is required hee shall make little vse of any negotiation that shall be with him And so Sir c. Touching the receiuing of Tyrone to mercy no man shall take from me the reputation such as it is to haue beene the instrumentall cause of doing this honour to my deceased Soueraigne my Nation and of giuing this disgracefull blow to the Arch-Traitor Tyrone that he humbly submitted himselfe to Queene Elizabeth finding mercy at her royall feet whom he had proudly offended and whose sole power in despite of his domesticall associates and forraigne support had brought him on his knees and that the victory was fully atchieued by the sole Sword of the English Nation and well affected English-Irish whose blood he had spilt and that so the Arch-Traitor lost the meanes longer to subsist in rebellion by the aduantage of Englands vnsetled Estate or at least the aduantage and the vaine-glory to fasten merit on the sacred Maiesty of King Iames the said Queenes happy successour by submitting to his royall mercy and so hiding the extreme misery in which he was plunged to haue made this his action seeme altogether voluntary and euery way noble in him to which he was forced by the highest constraint and in the most base manner that can be imagined Now as no man knoweth the circumstances of this action better then my selfe so I will briefly and truely relate them Queene Elizabeth had beene sicke for more then a moneths space and of some apparant danger of her death the Lord Deputy had beene aduertised and at this time shee was dead departing the foure and twentieth of March the last day of the yeere past though it were not know ne to the Lord Deputy till the seuen and twentieth of March in the night nor publikely or to Tyrone himselfe till the fifth of Aprill after his humble submission made before the Lord Deputy to the Queene as then liuing though indeed shee were dead This businesse passed in manner following There was a gentleman among the voluntary followers of the Lord Deputy who had long been earnestly ambitious of the honour of Knighthood which by no endeuours of seruice expence of money or assistance of friends he could hitherto attaine Now a seruant of his posting from London and getting a happy passage at Sea came vpon the 27 of March late in the night to Mellifant where the Lord Deputy then lay and brought with him the first newes of the Queenes death which when he had related to his Master hee hauing been long pleased to take my aduise in his affaires aduertised me of these newes and brought his seruant to confirme the same in my hearing Whereupon I required his seruant not to speake a word thereof to any man threatning him with the Lord Deputies displeasure and seuere punishment if any such rumour were spread by him Then I was bold to giue his Master confidence of receiuing the honour he desired if hee would follow my aduise which was this that he should goe to the Lord Deputy and tell him this report of the Queenes death brought by his seruant and the strict charge he had giuen vnto him for the concealing thereof till his Lordship should think fit to make it known withall to make tender of himselfe and all his meanes to follow his Lordships fortune in this doubtfull time for such it was in expectation though most happy in euent The Gentleman did as I aduised him and for his particular it tooke the same effect which I expected as I will shew when I haue first set downe how his Lordship hereupon proceeded with Tyrone The Lord Deputy being warranted by the Queenes letters aboue written to receiue Tirone to her Maiesties mercy had vpon the fiue and twentieth of March sent Sir William Godolphin and Sir Garret Moore to treat with him for which they had a Commission in these words Mountioy VVHereas the Earle of Tyrone hath made humble suite vnto vs that vpon his penitent submission to her Maiesties mercy wee would be pleased to send some Gentlemen to whom he might make knowne his humble petitions and impart somewhat to them that doth much concerne her Maiesties seruice For the great trust wee repose in you and the good opinion wee conceiue of your discreet iudgements we haue made choice of you to be imployed herein and doe by these presents giue you both ioyntly and seuerally our absolute warrant authority vpon this occasion of her Maiesties scruice to parley and confer with him or any of his adherents or followers Prouided that of this your conference you shall with all conuenient speed giue vs knowledge in all particulars and of all his and your proceedings herein to the end you
true obedience to her royall person crown prerogatiue and lawes and to be in all things as farre and as dutifully conformable thereunto as I or any other Nobleman of this Realme is bound by the duty of a subiect to his Soueraigne or by the Lawes of this Realme vtterly renouncing and abiuting the name and title of O Neale or any other authoritie or claime which hath not beene granted or confirmed vnto mee by her Maiesty and that otherwise by the Lawes of this Realme I may not pretend inst interest vnto and I doe religiously sweare to performe so much as is aboue mentioned and the rest of these Articles subscribed by my owne hand as farre as shall any way lie in my power and to deliuer such pledges for the performance thereof as shall be nominated vnto me by the Lord Deputy I doe renounce and abiure all forraigne power whatsoeuer and all kind of dependancy vpon any other Potentate but her Maiesty the Queene of England France and Ireland and doe vow to serue her faithfully against any forraigne power inuading her Kingdomes and to discouer truely any practises that I doe or shall know against her roiall person or Crownes and namely and especially I doe abiure and renounce all manner of dependancy vpon the King or Estate of Spaine or treaty with him or any of his confederates and shall be ready with the vttermost of my ability to serue her Maiesty against him or any of his forces or confederates I doe absolutely renounce all challenge or intermedling with the Vriaghts or softering with them or other neighbour Lords or Gentlemen out of my Countrey or exacting any blacke rents of any Vriaghts or bordering Lords I doe resigne all claime and title to any lands but such as shall be now granted vnto me by her Maiesties Letters Pattents Lastly as the onely being a Subiect doth include all the duties of a Subiect so will I be content to be informed and aduised by her Magistrates here and will be conformable and assisting vnto them in any thing that may tend to the aduancement of her seruice and the peaceable gouernement of this Kingdome as namely for the abolishing of all barbarous customes contrary to the lawes being the seeds of all inciuility and for the cleering of difficult passages and places which are the nurseries of rebellion wherein I will employ the labours of the people of my Countrey in such sort and in such places as I shall be directed by her Maiesty or the Lord Deputy and Counsell in her name and will endeuour for my selfe and the people of my Countrey to erect ciuill habitations and such as shall bee of greater effect to preserue vs against theeues and any force but the power of the State by the which we must rest assured to be preserued as long as we continue in our duties This submission was presented by the Earle of Tyrone kneeling on his knees before the Lord Deputy and Counsell and in the presence of a great assembly At the same time the Earle promised to write vnto the King of Spaine for the recalling of his sonne from thence into Ireland and to doe the same at such time and in such words as the Lord Deputy should direct Likewise he vowed to discouer how farré he had proceeded with the King of Spaine or any other forraigne or domesticall enemies for past or future helpes and combinations Then the Lord Deputy in the Queenes name promised to the Earle for himselfe and his followers her Maiesties gratious pardon and to himselfe the restoring of his dignity of the Earledome of Tyrone and of his bloud and likewise new letters Pattents for all his lands which in his former letters had been granted to him before his rebellion excepting onely the Country possessed by Henrie Oge Oneale and the Fues possessed by Turlogh Mac Henrie to both which at their submission the Lord Deputie had formerly promised that they should hold the same immediately from the Queene to which ende this exemption and reseruation was now made of these Countries and the disposing of them left to her Maiesties power And likewise excepting and reseruing three hundred acres of land to bee laid to the Fort of Mountioy and three hundred more to the Fort of Charlemont during her Maiesties pleasure to hold any Garrisons in the said Forts To these exemptions of Henrie Oge and Turlogh Mac Henrie their Countries and themselues from the Earles right or power he gaue his full consent as likewise to the reseruation of the lands laid to the said Forts He promised to reduce his Countrie to pay her Maiestie like composition as Connaght now did and for long time had paied and to answere rising out of souldiers and all charges for aduancing her Maiesties seruice The third of Aprill the Lord Deputy hauing the Earle of Tyrone in his companie rode to Tredagh and from thence vpon the fourth day to Dublyn The next day an English ship arriued in that Hauen in which came Sir Henrie Dauers who brought with him letters from the Lords in England aduertising the Queens death and that Iames the first was proclaimed King of England Scotland France and Ireland the coppy of which Proclamation they sent to the end it should here be published in like sort Also in the same ship came one Master Liegh kinsman to the Lord Deputy who brought his Lordship a fauourable letter from the King out of Scotland This Master Liegh his Lordship presently graced with the honour of Knighthood And concerning the gentleman formerly spoken of whose seruant brought the first newes of the Queenes death I was not deceiued in the honour I did ominate to him as I haue formerly written for after he had followed my aduice in the manner of his imparting that important newes to the Lord Deputy his Lordship conceiued so good an opinion of him for his discretion and for the particular affection hee had expressed towards him by the tender of his seruice in following his fortune this doubtfull time as his Lordship did not onely by the way from Meltfant to Dublyn extraordinarily grace him and often call him not without some admiration of the better sort of his traine to ride by his side talking familiarly with him but now vpon his arriuall to Dublyn vpon this occasion of honouring his cozen Leigh did also knight him In the meane time according to the Lord Deputies commandement the Counsellers of the State the Noblemen Knights and chiefe Commanders of the Army then being at Dublyn assembled together in the Castle to whom his Lordship made knowne the Queenes death and the Kings Proclamation which he first then all in course signed and presently taking Horse with ioyfull acclamations published the same through the chiefe streets of Dublyn I cannot omit to mention that the Earle of Tyrone vpon the first hearing the Lord Deputies relation of the Queenes death could not containe himselfe from shedding of teares in such quantity as it could not well
rest called New-graft and Altkirkhoffe and there is a pleasant walke well shaded with trees vpon the banke of the Riuer In the midst of the City is the Cathedrall Church hauing a faire Tower and a Bell which they report to be of eighteene thousand pounds weight Neere to the same is the Bishops Pallace wherein the Bishops dwelt before the vnion of the Prouinces but at this time there dwelled the Countesse of Meurs whose husband died in these warres In the same part lie the market place and the Senate house The houses of the City are of bricke and fairely built but lose much of their beautie by being couered on the outside with boords and they seeme to haue more antiquitic then the buildings of Holland There be thirty Churches but onely three are vsed for diuine seruice In Saint Maries Church which as I remember is the Cathedrall Church these verses are written vpon a piller Accipe posteritas quod per tua secula narres Taurinis culibus fundo solidata columna est Posterity heare this and to your children tell Bull hydes beare vp this piller from the lowest hell Vpon a second piller this is written in Latine A Frison killed the Bishop because hee had learned of him being drunke and betrayed by his sonne the Art to stop a gulfe in this place the yeere 1099. Vpon a third piller this is written in Latine The Emperour Henry the fourth built this Church to our Lady because hee had pulled downe another Church at Milane dedicated to her And to my vnderstanding they shewed me at this time manifest signes of the aforesaid gulfe which these inscriptions witnesse to haue beene in this place Heere I paied for my supper twenty stiuers and for my breakefast six stiuers From hence I went to Amsterdam fiue miles in three houres space and paied for my passage in the waggon ten stiuers For halfe the way on both sides wee had faire pastures and saw many strong Castles belonging to Gentlemen Neere Vtrecht at the passage of a riuer each man paid a Doight and before wee came to the halfe way we passed the confines of this Bishopricke and entred the County of Holland Then in the space of two houres and a halfe we came to Amsterdam hauing in our way on both sides faire pastures On Friday in the beginning of the Month of Iuly at fiue a clocke in the euening I tooke ship vpon the Mast whereof was a garland of Roses because the master of this ship then wooed his wife which ceremony the Hollanders vsed And the sea being calme wee passed eight miles to Enchusen where wee cast anchor By the way wee passed a shole where our sterne struck twise vpon the sand not without feare of greater mischiese On Saturday we'sayeld betweene West Freesland vpon our right hands towards the East and Holland vpon our left hands towards the West and after tenne miles sayling came to the Iland Fly which being of small compasse and consisting of sandy hils hath two villages in it From hence they reckon twenty eight miles by sea to Hamburg in Germany whether we purposed to goe Assoone as wee cast anchor here the Master of our ship went aboard the Admirall of certaine ships which vsed to lie here to guard this mouth of the sea with whom hee spake concerning our passage to Hamburg and deliuered him Letters commanding that our ship should haue a man of war to wast it This Admirall lay continually in this harbour to guard this passage into the sea and he commanded nine ships which were vpon all occasions to wast the Hollanders to Hamburg and defend them from the Dunkirkers and all Pirats But at this time there was not one of these men of warre in the harbour and the Admirall himselfe might not goe forth So as for this cause and for the tempestious weather wee staied here all Sunday But vpon Monday the winde being faire for vs and contrary for the men of warre that were to come in so that losing this winde we must haue expected not without great irkesomnesse a second winde to bring in some of these men of warre and a third winde to carry vs on our iourney the Master of our ship carrying sixe great Peeces and hauing some tenne Muskets did associate himselfe with seuen other little ships hauing only Pikes and swords and so more boldly then wisely resolued to passe to Hamburg without any man of warre This Monday morning we hoysed saile but being calmed at noone we cast anchor between the Fly on our left hand toward the West and another little Iland Shelling on our right hand towards the East and lying here wee might see two little barkes houering vp and downe which wee thought to be Fisher-men and nothing lesse then Pirats of Dunkirke Here till euening we were tossed by the waues which vse to bee more violent vpon the coast but a faire winde then arising all our shippes gladly weighed anchor At which time it happened that the anchor of our ship brake so as our consorts went on but our Master according to the nauall discipline not to put to sea with one anchor returned backe to the harbour of the Fly there to buy a new anchor all of vs foolishly cursing our fortune and the starres On Tuesday morning while wee sadly walked on the shoare vvee might see our consorts comming backe with torne sailes and dead men and quarters of men lying on the hatches We beholding this with great astonishment tooke boat to board them and demanding the newes they told vs that the little barks we saw the day before vvere Dunkirkers hauing in each of them eighty Souldiers and some few great Peeces and that they had taken them spoiled their ships of their chiefe lightest goods and had carried away prisoners to Dunkirk all the passengers chief Marriners after they had first wrung their foreheads with twined ropes with many horrible tortures forced them to confesse what money they had presently what they could procure for ransom Further with mourning voice they told vs that the Pirats inquired much after our ship saying that was it the bride with whom they meant to dance cursing it to be destroyed with a thousand tuns of diuels swearing that if they had foreseene our escape they would haue assailed vs by day while we rode at anchor They added that they had left no goods but those they could not carry for weight and had changed their ragged shirts and apparell with the poore Marriners And indeed they had iust cause to bewaile the escape of our shippe being laded with many chests of Spanish Ryalls whereof they were not ignorant vsing to haue their spies in such places who for a share in the booty would haue betrayed their very brothers As we had iust cause to praise almighty God who had thus deliuered vs out of the lawes of death so had wee much more cause to bewaile our rashnesse yea and our wickednesse that
was onely proper to the place at which we landed where they make salt till many Ilanders affirmed to me that the very earth the sweet hearbs the beasts feeding there and the fountaines of waters had a naturall saltnes The houses are built after the manner of Asia of a little stone one roofe high and plaine in the top which is plastered and there they eate and sleepe in the open aire By the assistance of a Venetian Merchant seuen of vs hired a ship of a Greeke dwelling in Cyprus for twenty eight zechines to Ioppa now called Iaffa or Giaffa with condition that he should stay at Ioppa fifteene dayes to expect our returne from Ierusalem and should thence carry vs to Tripoli in Syria The most part of these zechines wee left in the hand of the Venetian Merchant to be deliuered to the Master of this ship at his returne if he brought our testimonie vnder our hands that hee had performed all couenants with vs for wee also conditioned with him that hee should stay longer then fifteene dayes at Ioppa if neede were for our returne we paying him a zechine for euery day aboue fifteene which he should stay there for vs. We might haue hired a ship or Barke for ten zechines directly to Ioppa without these conditions of staying there and carrying vs to Tripoli And because the Turkish Gouernors of Cities vse to impose great tributes vpon Christians driuen into their Hauens somtimes by tricks of fraude to bring them in danger of life onely to spoile them of their money some of our Consorts would haue added another condition that the Master should not carrie vs to any Port but that of Ioppa had not the rest iudged it vnreasonable to tie him for performance of that which was onely in the power of God according to the windes which might force him to take harbor My selfe did familiarly know an English Gentleman who shortly after comming to Scanderona and there taking ship to passe by this shoare to Ioppa and so to Ierusalem if an honest man had not forewarned him had by the treason of a Ianizare in the way bin sold for a slaue to the inland Turks whence he was like neuer to be redeemed being farre remoued from Christians who onely trade vpon the Coasts And he was so terrified with this danger as he returned into England without seeing Ierusalem to which he had then a short iourney only carrying with him a counterfet testimonie and seale that he had been there because he had put out much money vpon his returne I formerly said that we lodged at Cyprus in a Monastery whence being now to depart the Friers of our company and also the Lay-men gaue each of vs eight lires of Venice to the Guardian of the Monastery and one lire to the Frier that attended vs in the name of gift or almes but indeede for three dayes lodging and dyet Vpon Friday the twentie foure of May we seuen Consorts namely two Franciscan Friers one Erimitane Frier and two Lay men all Frenchmen and my selfe and my brother hired a boat in the Hauen for foure lires of Venice to carrie vs to the Cyprian Barke we had hired and we carried with vs for our food a cheese costing foure Aspers a Iarre of Oyle costing sixe Aspers and a vessell of Wine called Cuso somewhat bigger then an English barrell and full of rich Wine but such as fretted our very intrals costing one Zechine and foure soldi of Venice and two Turkish aspers and egges costing twenty three aspers beside Bisket which we brought out of the Greeke ship In twilight for the nights vse not here to be darke we set saile and were forced to goe backe towards the West along the shoare of Cyprus to the Promontory called Capo di Gatti that is the Cape of Cats that we might from thence according to the Marriners experience fetch a faire winde So we sailed that euening thirtie miles of Italy I meane and the next day twentie miles to a Village of Cyprus called Lemisso where Christians ships vse to put in Here we cast anchor all the six twentie day of May expected a winde which we got at midnight following Ioppa is no more then two hundred fiftie miles from Cyprus and may easily be run in two nights and a daies saile with a faire winde yet how soeuer the wind was most fauourable to vs wee could see no land till Wednesday thetwenty nine of May at which time we found our selues by the ignorance of the Marriners to be vpon the Coast of Egypt neere the Citie Damiata which we might see seated vpon the banke of Nilus and they said it was some sixe miles from the Sea Now our Marriners seeing the shoare knew better to direct our sayling and the night following we lay at anchor neere this shoare Vpon Thursday we coasted the land of the Philistines and first did plainely see the Citie Gaza and after thirtie miles sayle the Citie Ascolon neere which we cast anchor for that night Vpon Friday being the last of May after two miles saile we entered the Hauen of Ioppa From hence we sent a messenger hired for fourteene meidines to the Subasha of Ramma intreating him that he would giue vs leaue to passe to Ierusalem and send vs a souldier to protect vs. The foresaid shore of the Philistines seemed to be a wild narrow and sandy plaine neere the sea with mountaines pleasant and fruitfull towards the East vpon Palestine The City of Ioppa mentioned in the scriptures had some ruines of wals standing which shewed the old circuit thereof but had not so much as any ruines of houses onely we did see the exactors of tribute come out of two ruinous Towers and some ragged Arabians and Turkes lying with their goods within certaine caues who also slept there or in the open aire These goods are daily carried hither and from hence vpon the backs of Cammels whereof we might see many droues laded both come and goe For this cause we would not land but thought better to lie in our shippe especially since the place affoorded no entertainment for strangers and our Mariners brought vs egges and fruites and we had with vs wine and bisket which notwithstanding we did hide left the Arabians or Turkes should take it from vs if they came to our Barke The Hauen is of little compasse but safe for small Barkes and was of old compassed with a bricke wall the ruines whereof still defend it from the waues of the sea The situation of Ioppa is pleasant vpon a hill declining towards the sea and the fields are fertile but were then vntilled Here the Prophet Ionas did take ship as it were to flie from God and the Machabei as appeares in the first booke and twelfth chapter here burnt the ships and the Apostle Peter lodging in the house of Simon was taught the conuersion of the Gentiles by a vision and here he raised vp Tabitha from death as the
was imagined in England affirming of certainty that in the last cessation he had thrice at least spoken very long with Tyrone and at his last being in Mounster had once heard from him And in generall that the subiects were no better seruants to her Maiesty then the rebels with whom they daily practised and would giue no assistance with bodies or goods to her Maiesties seruice yea would no doubt quit their allegiance whensoeuer they might doe it with safety That euery rogue asked a Company and if he had one then sought a Regiment but that God blessing her Maiesties Army he hoped shortly to giue law to their irregular humours The Prouince of Mounster as I formerly said was much confirmed in rebellion by the Earle of Tyrone his last iourney into those parts where he strengthened Iames Fitz-thomas who by the Northerne rebels sent thither from Tyrone was exalted to be Earle of Desmond in the yeere 1598. and was by a nicke-name called the Suggon Earle he combined with Florence mac Carty called by the Irish Mac Carty more a name greatly followed there and in like sort with most of the great men of those parts incouraging those whom he found willing to persist taking pledges of those he sususpected to be wauering and burning and spoyling those few who did absolutely refuse to ioyne with him as the Lord Barry with some others And at this time another accident seeming of great consequence did much erect the hearts of the Rebels and dismay the subiects of those parts which I will briefely set downe Sir George Carey hauing newly receiued letters Pattents to bee Lord President of Mounster and resoluing presently to repaire to his charge departed from Dublin on his iourny thitherward the seuenth of Aprill and vpon the ninth came to Kilkenny with the Earle of Thomond in his company and one hundred horse to attend him where the Earle of Ormond told them he had appointed to parley with some Rebels of those parts wherof Owny Mac Rory was the chiefe and desired them to accompany him The tenth of Aprill they rode out of Kilkenny with some twentie Horse of the Earle of Ormonds followers and some few others mounted vpon hacknies his Lordship refusing to haue the Lord Presidents Horse to guard him So they rode eight long miles to the place of meeting and the Earle of Ormond left his Company of two hundred Foot two mile short of that place The Rebell Owny came out of the Woods with fiue hundred men well Armed and leauing his shot and the grosse of his troope some Calieuers shot distant from the Earle came vp to him with some choise pikes After an hower spent nothing concluded the Lord President moued the Earle to returne but he would first speake with the Iesuit Archer and the Rebels calling him his Lordship reproued Archer and called him traytor In the meane time the grosse of the Rebels had crept ouer the shrubs and compassed round the Earle and his companie which the Lord President disliking prayed the Earle to returne but as he turned about his hackney the Rebels tooke him prisoner and Owny Mac Rory laid hands on the Lord President but the Earle of Thomond rushing vpon him with his horse made him leaue his hold and they both escaped by the swiftnesse and strength of their horses from the pushes of many pikes wherewith the Earle of Thomond was slightly hurt in the backe This treacherie was said to be plotted by Owny and Archer and very few others for if more had knowne it many thought that the Earle had such spies and was so feared among the Rebels as his Lordship would haue had notice thereof either for feare or loue But there wanted not others who thought the Earle was willingly surprised Howsoeuer it were the Rebels did him no hurt in his person onely one of the Earles men was slaine fiue were hurt and fourteene taken prisoners The Lord President with the one hundred horse attending him and sixe hundred foote which he sent for out of Mounster kept the vnsetled humours of those parts from present tumult where the Earles true followers wanting their head and the ill affected now standing in no awe of his power were all at liberty The Countesse of Ormond was much afflicted with her husbands misfortune and with feare of her own and her daughters estate For diuers pretended to be heires to the Earle as Sir Edward Butler his brother and in respect his bloud was attainted Sir Walter Butler the Earles Nephew and for other reasons the Vicount Mount-Garret And each of these was likely to seeke to haue the Earles sole daughter in their hands besides that these controuersies bred distracted humours among the Gentlemen and others of those parts The Lord Deputie hearing hereof presently dispatched Sir George Bourcher to command in chiefe and Sir Christop Saint Laurence to assist him in guarding the Countesse her daughter and the Earles houses with the forces appointed by the Lord Deputie for that seruice namely The Earles Company of foote 200. The foote Company of Sir Christopher Saint Laurence 200. The Earles troope of horse 50. Horse of Saint Laurence 25. Sir George Bourchers horse 10. Yet the Lord Deputie conceiued the Earles surprise to bee an euill more spetious then materiall seeing no reason why the Counsels of the warre should stagger vpon his wel or ill doing For whereas some were of opinion that he was willingly taken and would declare himselfe for Tyrone his Lordship resolued that if he continued faithfull his Countries might easily be defended if otherwise as easily wasted since after the Garrisons should be once planted at Loughfoyle and those parts on the backe of Tyrone hee should bee able to spare forces for any such seruice And whereas many thought the newes would much amaze the Court of England his Lordship on the contrary since neither the Lord President nor himselfe deserued any imputation for this euent the parley being contriued without the Lord Presidents priuity and both contriued and executed without making himselfe acquainted therewith conceiued it would make the Army both better and more carefully seconded out of England And whereas it was thought that this accident would erect the rogues spirits which before began to bee deiected and so hinder the submission of many his Lordship knowing that they would neuer be faithfull to the State till they could not subsist against it was of opinion that till they were brought into greater extremities it would proue better that they should stand out then come in His Lordship the fifteenth of Aprill aduertised Master Secretarie of this accident and how he had sent forces to strengthen those parts and had taken speciall care for the safetie of the Earles daughter and heire and being loth suddenly to giue his opinion herein onely professed to thinke it strange that one so full of regard to himselfe in all his proceedings should be so easily ouertaken Then his Lordship gaue confidence that if
was aduertised that Sir Henrie Poore had scattered and broken three hundred rebels in Lease and had beggered them by diuers preyes of cattell taken from them and among them being of the Sept of O Mores had killed burnt and hanged forty at least and after had slaine in fights O Connor Mac Lyre and most of his men and hurt many of those which escaped And this day great store of victuals for the Forts came from the Newry with a conuoy safely to the Campe. The thirtieth day his Lordship rose with the Armie and marched Northward backe to the new Fort of Blackwater and beyond it in all some three miles along the South side of the Riuer and there his Lordship incamped close vpon the Bogges and the Fastnesses or fortified passages in the Wood. The same euening his Lordship drew some choise men out of euery Regiment and some troopes of horse and with them rode to view the Countrie and woody paces more specially that pace which lay right before vs Northward where the neerest and best passage was to enter Tyrone the Arch-traytors chiefe house Dangannon being some tenne miles distant to which after the passage of this pace and Blackwater the plaine Countrie lay open yet being in some parts boggy Here Tyrones men lay intrenched on the other side of the Riuer in such trenches as he had made to impeach the building of our new Fort at Blackwater and cowardly quitted them as is aboue mentioned The Rebels bestowed some vollies of shot on his Lordships troopes but they returned safely hauing onely one man hurt And here one of the three Trumpets in Tyrones pay ran from him to our Campe. The one and thirtieth day his Lordship drew out as before and that day and the first of August next following cut downe the Wood to cleare the said pace lying betweene vs and the said passage ouer Blackwater And this day the rebels attempted to cut off a guard which we had placed on a remote hill to second the workemen cutting the Wood but were by them and the workemen stoutly receiued and by our seconds beaten backe At the same time by accident we had almost lost all our best horses for at the Alarum giuen the horses being frighted with the skirmish and with diuers horsemen hurrying out to answere the Alarum broke their headstals and ran backe to Armagh and some of the best as farre as the Newry whether our men following did recouer them all but had the rebels horsemen followed them no doubt they might haue caught them and defeated our men loosely following them and so by this aduantage haue done vs more mischiefe then they could otherwise haue done with their forces doubled The second of August his Lordship with the Army rose and marched backe to Armagh to the end he might shun all paces and from thence haue an open passage into Art Mac Barons Countrie We marched sixe miles to Armagh and three to Rawlagh where while we incamped Sir Henry Dauers with three hundred foote and fortie horse was sent into a Fastnesse to burne some twentie faire timber houses which he performed and about the time to set the watch hee returned towards the Campe and at his retreat all Tyrones Forces guarded with three hundred horse skirmished with our men but they seconded out of the Campe came off orderly the rebels following them to our very Campe into which they powred a volley of shot and by reason of the Fastnesses adioyning and night approaching retired in safety Here his Lordship was aduertised that the Earle of Ormond had executed in the borders of Kilkenny and Tiperary nine and twenty rebels of which Tybot Leyragh Butler and Dauid Bourk and Vlicke Bourke were the chiefe and that the Company vnder his Lordships command had slaine eight and twentie of which two principall men of the Omores one Okelly one Captaine Edmund Roe Bourke and one Richard Bourke sonne to Vlicke were the chiefe The third of August we rose and hauing marched three miles backe we incamped betweene the paces and Armagh a little beyond Armagh towards the North to the and our messengers and our conuoyes for victuals might more safely passe which was the chiefe end of our returning and that we might haue better grasse for our horses all the higher Country aboue being eaten by the rebels Creaghs or cattell and al the way we marched the rebels in their fastnesses drew downe closeby and followed vs all the way being very strong Here the Commissary tooke a view of the Army in field with his Lordship Regiments First of Sir Beniamin Berry his Lordships Lieutenant of his foote in List 825 by pole present in the Campe 490. 2. Regiment of Sir Oliuer Saint Iohns in List 875 by Pole 533. 3. Regiment of Sir Hen. Folliot in List 500 by Pole 305. 4. Regiment of Sir Christopher Saint Laurence in Lyst 750 by Pole 400. Totall in List 2950 by Pole 1728 Herein are not contained either Officers present or the sicke or hurt or vpon other occasions absent The fourth day some Companies were drawne out to cut the pace of Armagh and the rebels being in sight offered not to skirmish with them But towards night they drew downe strong out of the woods to an hil vnder which we lay encamped in a faire meadow They came with cries and sound of Drummes and bagpipes as if they would attempt the campe and powred into it some two or three thousand shot hurting onely two of our men But his Lordship commanding that none in the Campe should stirre had lodged in a trench some foure hundred shot charging them not to shoot till the rebels approached neere And after these our men had giuen them a volly in theirteeth they drew away and we heard no more of their Drummes or Bagpipes but onely mournefull cries for many of their best men were slaine and among the rest one horseman of great accompt and one Pierce Lacy an Archrebell of Mounster The next morning we found some dead bodies at the skirt of the wood and three scattered peeces Hence his Lordship sent direction to Sir Iohn Barkeley to bring with him to the Campe a regiment from the Annaly Liseannon because Tyrone was growne strong by the comming to him of his Mac Guire and his Mac Mahownd and of Cormocke mac Baron comming to him from the frontires of Loughfoyle The fifth day his Lordship sent againe some shot with Pyoners to cut the pace close by the Rebels The sixth day his Lordship purposed to rise and meet our Conuoy bringing victuals from the Newry but being staied by ill weather sent early some horse to stay the Conuoy till his Lordship drew downe towards those parts This day his Lordship gaue order to Master Treasurer that proportions of new monies should be sent to all the Market Townes to change the same for sterling and that Proclamations should be made in them to decry the old sterling monies and onely make the new to be
follow the rest to the succour of the Towne Our men follewing with much fury hurt and killed diuers amongst whom they brought off the body of a Sergiant and possessed the enemies trenches the which the enemies being reinforced made many attempts to regaine but were repulsed and beaten backe into the Towne Wee heard by diuers that Don Iean committed the Sergiant Maior who commanded then in chiefe presently after the fight and threatned to take his head commended highly the valour of our men and cried shame vpon the cowardise of his owne who he said had beene the terrour of all Nations but now had lost that reputation and hee gaue straight commandement vpon paine of death which hee caused to bee set vp on the Towne gates that from thenceforth no man should come off from any seruice vntill hee should be fetched off by his Officer though his powder were spent or his Peece broken but make good his place with his Sword Captaine Soto one of their best Commanders was that day slaine for whom they made very great mone and some twenty more besides those we hurt which could not but be many On our side onely some ten were hurt and three killed among whom Master Hopton a Gentleman of the Lord Deputies band was sore hurt and in few daies died thereof If this skirmish had not beene readily resolutely answered on our part the Spaniards had then discouered the smalnes of our numbers and would no doubt haue so plied vs with continuall sallies as we should hardly haue beene able to continue the siege The eleuenth day we had newes that the one hundred horse and the thousand foot embarked at Bastable both which were left to the Lord Deputies disposall the horse to be made new troopes the foot to be dispersed for supplies or to raise new Companies as his Lordship should thinke fit were arriued at Waterford The twelfth day Sir Richard Leuison Admirall of the Queenes Fleet sent into Ireland and Sir Amias Preston Vice-Admirall were arriued with tenne ships of warre at Corke wherein we had two thousand foot all vnder Captaines appointed in England besides other prouisions of artillery and munition and his Lordship directed the Admirall with all speed to bring the Fleet into the Harbour of Kinsale The thirteenth day his Lordship wrote to Master Secretary this following letter SIR hearing that our last packet is not yet gone from Corke by reason of the contrariety of the wind I haue so good occasion to make this addition to our former dispatch that I haue receiued letters from my Lord of Thomond S r Anthony Cooke and others from diuers places that all the supplies appointed for this Prouince are safely arriued at Waterford Yoghall Corke and Castle Hauen with no losse that I can heare of but of one victular although the weather hath beene extreme tempestuous and this last euening I was enformed but by a rumour that the Queenes shippes were discouered about the Hauen of Corke whereupon I presently dispatched to Sir Richard Leuyson to put into the Hauen of Kinsale for otherwise it would be long ere we shal be able to auaile our selues of such artillery and munition as he brought for vs. From my Lord President I heard that the Rebels are drawne downe very strong whereupon I haue directed Sir Christopher S. Laurence that was comming to the Campe with most of the forces of the Pale to repaire speedily to my Lord President and I meane to send vnto him all the Horse that is now come out of England which I hope will be forces sufficient to stop any power the Rebels can make specially since Tyrone as I heare himselfe will not be with them except they doe steale by which will be heard to preuent If they come to force their passage I am confident that against so many Horse as the Lord President shall haue they will neuer put themselues vpon the plaine For although they are as dangerous an enemy as any are in the World when wee are driuen to seeke them in their strength or passe their fastnesse yet are they the worst and weakest to force their owne way either vpon straights or plaines so that except they steale their passage which I feare most I make no doubt but my Lord President will giue a very good accompt of them We here in the Campe since our last letters haue not had much to doe only the enemy one day drew out I thinke most of his whole force vpon opinion that the greatest part of our Army was gone from vs to meet the Rebels began a round fight with vs close to our trenches but we entertained them so well that we waited on them home to the wals of the Towne and made them leaue some of their dead bodies behind them although we saw them carry many off with them They haue made within lesse them Caliuer shot of our trenches very good fights euen from thence close to the Towne so that our men did follow them with great disaduantage yet we did beat them from one trench to another til I had much adoe to make our souldiers come off The greatest losse of our side fell to my share for I had one of my Company killed and a very gallant Gentleman that serued in that Band called Mr. Hopton hurt I feare to death and I think there was not aboue 2 or 3 more that were killed in the Campe ouer our heads while wee were in the skirmish Then we made them so good a Muster that they haue thought good to checke vs no more but within the Towne and without they doe worke very hard and haue raised Rauelings and Mounts and wee on the contrary side keepe very good watch for if wee should receiue but one blow of the Spanish Fencer all Ireland would take heart with it we haue no great reason to be very secure for beleeue me vpon my Honor I thinke the besieged are more in numbers then we that are the besiegers at this time They doe continually taste vs but they find vs so well at our warde that they still goe away with the vennies And now if the Queenes ships be come we will cast at all and I hope in God ere it be long winne a faire game for the Queene whose money wee play If any without consideration of the iust circumstances of our present busines to serue any priuate purpose taxe mee for being too negligent of other parts of this Kingdom and too large in my demands I beseech you Sir to beleeue that I had good ground both for my precipitate drawing hither and for the prouisions I haue craued to strengthen my selfe by all meanes while I am about this worke For the first it was not my opinion onely but my Lord Presidents that if I did not suddenly make head to this force most of this Prouince would haue reuolted and if wee had suffered the force of Spaine to haue been Masters of the field but sixe dayes as
an expence we are not able to shew her any manner of account of her Army by any authenticall certificate more then euery Captaine or passenger can relate vnto vs no not for the expence of eight or ten moneths time In which point of the Musters we thinke it not amisse to say something to you what wee conceiue concerning the Checque vpon apparrell First the order set downe very carefully and at large for the manner of the deliuerie and the Checque to be raised vpon the apparrel is not obserued the due obseruation whereof would aduantage the checque of the apparrell very much For such souldiers as are sent from vs thorowly apparrelled oftentimes haue apparrell there againe at the time of their deliuery giuen them especially those that are dispersed into Bands to fill them vp whereby we see her Maiesties double charge though speciall warning hath been giuen thereof from hence And daily able men are suffered to come ouer hither as of late tenne of those that were set out of the County of Lincolne in the late leauy and by the examination taken here lately it is proued that money is giuen to procure them pasports and none of those souldiers of the late leauies doe stand her Maiestie and the Countrie before they arriue there in lesse then sixe pound a man The order is not obserued that hath been prescribed that no souldier should bee discharged but by Passe from the Lord Deputie Principall Gouernour or chiefe Commanders for daily diuers come ouer with Passes of their Captaines and diuers are sent away together in one passe sometimes to the number of thirtie and few of them maimed and those bring no other passes then from the Maior where they are set on land here In all which and other particular duties though the Muster Master Comptroller and such other officers may be thought to be onely responsable in such cases wherewith they are trusted yet the authority which your Lordship hath and the meanes you haue to distinguish how and when things of that nature may be in some good sort reformed and the persons offending therein being in your eie to behold both them and their doing and in your power to rule and punish them as you finde cause doth impose vpon you thus much either to call vpon them and to chastise them or else to deliuer your owne iudgement which when we shall receiue from you and thereof informe her Maiestie it would include your care and ours to haue it otherwise and would satisfie the expectation and discourse of this time when her Majesties subiects being bitten with accidentall charges of the warres begin now to thinke that much of that which her Maiestie imposeth here at home is not necessarie but rather voluntarie or for lacke of care and prouidence in the expence vnprofitably wasted especially now they heare of nothing but victories and improbabillity of forraigne power and yet finde no difference betweene the present state of her Maiesties charge and that which shee was at when there was a Spanish Army in that Kingdom We haue also thought good to let your Lordship know how great confusion it breedes in her Maiesties expence that those of her Counsell there while your Lordship hath beene wholly conuersant in millitarie causes haue not called to their answere nor according to their desert haue punished such Commissaries of victuals there as haue made priuate gaine to them selues by sale of the victual committed to their charge without warrant from vs or direction from the Purueors here their superiours whereof from you we haue receiued both aduertisement and mislike But especially for that you of the Counsell there haue neuer called vpon nor strictly charged the Commissaries to bring in their accounts in so much as there remaineth yet vnaccounted for for any thing wee know the whole charge of those victuals which wee haue carefully sent ouer and whereof wee haue receiued certificate of the safe arriuall for the space of almost two yeeres of which Masse if the same be reckoned your Lordship shall find it little lesse then the value of one hundred threescore thousand pound whereof your Lordship may thus conclude that either the summes defalked are great which remaine in the Treasurers hands or else the remaine in specie is so great with the Commissaries as her Maiestie might haue spared the prouisions lately sent ouer by which the Treasure hath been so mightily exhausted or else the wasts must bee such as are not onely to bee reiected in the accounts but the Authors thereof seuerely to bee punished A matter wherein wee write the more earnestly to your Lordship from whom wee would haue all exception taken that wee assure our selues you deserue not because we heare that a great part of the waste shall bee excused sometimes by the auowing that it hath been cast on their hands because the souldier hath not been inioyned to take it and that some other time they haue been commanded to remoue it and carrie it from place to place by which they pretend great losse and which of all things is most subiect to suspition in them that it is taken for a good warrant in Ireland to allow of any wastes for which a Commissarie can produce a certifficate from a poore Maior Soueraigne or Bailiffe of a Towne or Port which how casily it is obtained your Lordships owne wisedome can best iudge who are so well acquainted with the pouertie and condition of that place Further because no one thing is more heauy to the Queene and the Realme then the matter of victualling wherein it is no way possible for vs to doe more here and that wee perceiue by your letter of the two and twentieth of September amongst other things that your Lordship is not well satisfied in diuers things concerning the victuals wee thinke it not amisse to handle some particular points of that matter which wee wish all those of the Counsell and all other interested in the care of those things may well vnderstand because you may the better another time answere those arguments with which they seeke to satisfie you when in truth if they examine themselues whatsoeuer they lacke it proceedeth most from their owne default First whereas in the letter aforesaid you note how slowly such victuals doe arriue there as haue been prouided here vpon request made by your Lordship we answere that Newcomen whom you sent ouer is able to giue you satisfaction that presently vpon his comming ouer hither and perusall of your Lordships demaunds there was no delay vsed by vs to satisfie you in such sort as might be to your Lordships contentment and to serue the Army and Garrisons and because Newcomen was not only made priuie but did both thinke the prouision appointed to be sufficient to answere your Lordships desire and the vse of the Armie and Garisons is one of the vndertakers for those prouisions of victuals he is much to blame if he haue not particularly discharged that
of her husband or shee any way gained to their children at her death whether shee gaue them to her husband in time of his life or no for it is alwayes presumed that shee got these things out of her husbands goods And if in any place there be no custome to determine this then the widow besides her fourth or equall part hath also the vtensile goods And in case the husband leaue no children then the widow hath her choise whether shee will receiue the third part or renouncing the same will retain vtensile goods and all other her owne goods mouable or vnmouable together with her dowry But if the husband leaue children the widow hath not this choise but must renounce all the rest and sticke to her third part And by custome of the Country her dowry and gift for mariage is doubled so as shee that brought one thousand guldens for her dowry shall haue two thousand guldens in the diuision of her husbands inheritance And the right which married parties by statute haue in one anothers goods cannot be taken from them by last Will and Testament Discoursing with men of experience I heard that the widowes of Princes whiles they remaine widowes possesse all their husbands estate excepting the Electorships which the next kinsman by the Fathers side administers by his right during the minority of the sonne and inioy also the tutorage of their children but if they marry againe the country frees it selfe from them with giuing them a tun of gold for Dowry And that the Daughters of Princes haue Dowries frō the subiects by subsidies collected vse to sweare before the Chancellor that their husbands being dead or vpon any accident whatsoeuer they will not retourne to burthen the Country That the Daughters of Gentlemen neuer marry to any of inferior degree then Gentlmen which is constantly kept by both sexes and are commonly bestowed with a small Dowry and since by the Law they cannot succeed in fees haue at the parents death only a part of their mouable goods with the vtensils proper to them and one sister dying her portion goes not to the brothers or their children as also the married Sister dying and leauing no Daughter her portion goes not to her own sons except liuing in health she bequeathed it to them in her Testament but to the Neece on the Mothers side Lastly that in case the goods of a dead woman are neither giuen by her last Testament nor any Kinswomen to her on the Mothers side can bee found her goods goe not to her owne Sonnes or male-Kinsmen but are confilcated to the Prince or in free Cities to the Common-wealth It is said that the Roman Emperor Caracalla was wont to say that only that Nation knew how to rule their wiues which added the feminine article to the Sunne and the masculine to the Moone as the Germans doe saying Die Sonn 〈◊〉 der Mont. And no doubt the Germans are very churlish to their wiues and keep them seruily at home so as my selfe in Saxony haue seene many wiues of honest condition and good estate to dresse meat in the kitchen and scarce once in the weeke to eate with their husbands but apart with the maides and after the meale to come and take away their husbands table and if they came to sit with him at table yet to sit downe at the lower end at least vnder all the men My selfe haue seene husbands of like quality to chide their wiues bitterly till they wept abundantly and the same wiues of good ranke very soone after to bring a chaire to the husband and serue him with a trencher and other necessaries The men being inuited to friends houses or any solemne feasts neuer goe in company with their wiues who goe alone with their faces couered It is no nouelty for a husband to giue a box on the eare to his wife And they scoffe at the Law in Nurnberg wich fines the husband three or foure Dollers for striking his wife as a most vniust Law It is ridiculous to see the wiues of German foote-soldiers going to the warre laded with burthens like she-Asses while the men carry not so much as their own clokes but cast them also vpon the womens shoulders And I should hardly beleeue that the Germans can loue their wiues since loue is gained by louelinesse as the Poet saith vt ameris amabilis esto He that for loue doth thirst Let him be louing first But they while they commaund all things imperiously in the meane time neither for dulnes court them with any pleasant speech nor in curtesie grace them in publike so much as with a kisse It is a common saying Dotem accepi Imperium vendidi I tooke a Dowry with my Wife And lost the freedome of my life But howsoeuer the Germans haue great Dowries in marriage and their Wiues haue power to make a Testament for disposing their goods with many like priuiledges and howsoeuer they be also prouoked with these iniuries yet the men keep them within termes of duty May not we then iustly maruell that Englishmen hauing great power ouer their Wiues so as they can neither giue any thing in life nor haue power to make a will at death nor can call any thing their owne no not so much is their garters yea the Law I must confesse too seuerely permitting the Husband in some cases to beate his Wife and yet the Husbands notwithstanding all their priuiledges vsing their Wiues with all respect and giuing them the cheefe seates with all honours and preheminences so as for the most part they would carry burthens goe on foote fast and suffer any thing so their Wiues might haue ease ride feast and suffer nothing notwithstanding no people in the World that euer I did see beare more scornes indignities and iniuries from the pampered sort of Women then they doe Surely either these our Women want the modesty of the Wiues or else our Men haue not I will not say the seuerity which I lesse approue but rather the grauity and constancy of the Husbands in Germany But while the Germans thus vse their Wiues like Seruants they behaue themselues as Companions towards their Seruants who bring in meate to the Table with their heads couered and continually talke with their Masters without any reuerence of the cap or like duty The Germans are neither too indulgent nor too sterne to their sonnes and daughters yet they giue them no tender education but as they bring their children naked into the hot stoaues so they expose them naked to frost and snow Neither doe they exact any humility or respect from their children who in all places are familiar with their Parents neuer stir their hats when they speak to them when they goe to bed they aske not blessing on their knees as our children doe but shake hands with them which is a signe of familiarity among friends in Germany as in most other places A Gentleman
Constable so called of Conine and stapel as the stay and vpholding of the King who hath the highest command in the warres and the Admirall so called of a Greeke word who hath the chiefe command in Nauall affaires Then two Marshals so called as skilfull in horsmanship for the old Dutch called an Horse-mar and now a mare is by them called meri and schalc signifies cunning Also the Steward of the house And the militarie titles still remaine hereditary to diuers families but the exercise of the Office is taken from them Other Gentlemen of this third ranck are by inheritance Officers to ouersee the Reuenues and to take accounts such are the Treasurers and receiuers for the Princes Rents for perpetuall Tributes of land and these honours still remaine to certaine Families though these Rents are now brought in ready money into the Exchequer Other Gentlemen of this third ranck haue Offices in Court as the Master of the houshold Chamberlaine Cup-bearer which offices are proper by inheritance to certaine Families but the Master of the game as well for hunting as hawking and the Water-Graues ouerseeing Lakes and Riuers for Swannes fishing and other like things are offices giuen at the Princes pleasure and not proper to any Familie The fourth rancke of Gentlemen is of those who are adorned with the Knightly girdle and they are called guilded Knights of their golden spurres and other ornaments which honour the Princes giue for great seruices creating them with laying a drawne sword on their left shoulder and with certaine solemnity of words those who haue this title be they neuer so meane are made Gentlemen with their posteritie and if they be Gentlemen yet it addes dignities to them And because I haue made this mention of Knights giue mee leaue to adde a word of the Knightly order of the Golden Fleece instituted by the Duke of Burgundy Phillip the Good in the yeere 1429 vpon the very day of his mariage with Elizabeth of Portugall in imitation of Gedions Fleece and of the Golden Fleece fetcht by the Argonauts of Greece He receiued into this Order Gentlemen vnblameable for life and valour in Armes whereof the Prince and his successours are the Head or chiefe President and hee gaue each of them a Scarlet gowne of woollen cloth which his son Charles changed into a red Veluet Gowne and a gold chaine with his fathers Emblem of a steele striking fire out of a flint vpon which chaine hangs the Golden Fleece and vpon the death of any Knight this badge is sent backe to be bestowed vpon some other Gentleman of merit At first the number of these Knights with the Prince their head was twenty fiue but within fiue yeeres they were increased to thirty fiue And the Emperour Charles the fifth in the yeere 1516 made the number fifty one At the first institution this order had foure Officers a Chancelor a Treasurer a King at Armes and a Secretary and in the Court of this Order the vnlawfull flying of any Knight out of the field and all other crimes and the dissentions among them are iudged without appeale The feast of the Order hath been kept in diuers places according to the Princes pleasure but the Armes of the Knights are set vp in the Chancell of the chiefe Church at Bruges where the feast thereof was kept at the first institution In generall Flaunders hath a great number of Lords and Gentlemen as likewise the Dukedome of Luxenburg and adioyning Prouinces and they exercise themselues in feeding of Cattle and tillage but iudging ignoble all trade of Merchants and profession of manuall arts They haue no immunities as in Artois Henault and all France but beare the same burthen of tributes with the people to keepe them from sedition while the Gentlemen hated by them beare the same burthen as they doe Hauing spoken of the two States of the Clergy and Gentlemen it remaines to adde something of the third State namely the foure members which haue the place of the common people in other Kingdomes and they are Ghant Bruges Ypre and Terra Franca that is the Free land which foure Territories haue the chiefe or rather all authoritie in Flaunders Each of these members is exempted from all confiscation of goods by old priuiledge confirmed by the Emperour Charles the fifth in the yeere 1549. Other Cities howsoeuer they haue their Magistrates Lawes and Reuenewes to themselues yet in the common Counsell or Parliament for imposing tributes or leauying of souldiers they follow the foure members and all Flaunders is bound to their Decree in this generall meeting of the States the Clergie Gentlemen Lords and Burgesses of other Cities consulting with the foure members but they challenging all authoritie to decree and solely representing the whole bodie of Flaunders in the generall meetings of all Netherland Iohn Duke of Burgundie remoued from Lile to Ghant the Senate called the Counsell of Flaunders and giuing the Law to all Flaunders Bruges a most pleasant Citie is the second member hauing this priuiledge aboue all other Cities that hee who is free of the same by birth gift buying or marriage is freed from all confiscation of any goods wheresoeuer found no crime or case excepted whereas the priuiledges of other Cities alwaies except violence offered to the persons of the Prince his Wife and Children Also Bruges hath a stately Mint-house with priuiledge to coyne money Ypre is the third member which City I passe ouer for feare to be tedious The fourth member is Terra Franca added to the rest being but three at the first institution by Phillip the Good in the yeere 1437 with intent to bridle the power of Bruges which Citie then much repined at the same and neuer ceased to raise tumults till Marie wife to the Emperour Maximilian abolished this fourth member which Charles the fifth their Grand-child shortly after restored to that dignitie Among the Magistrates some of them doe properly belong to the Princes affaires namely the Legall Chamber consisting of the Princes Counsellers and being as it were the head of other Courts the meeting and number whereof is at the Princes pleasure but commonly the meeting is at Ghant and they consult of waighty affaires which since haue beene referred to the Princes Priuy Counsell or to the counsell of Flaunders seated at Ghant And to the same are referred all controuersies touching fees and appeales from feodnary Courts which are iudged without appeall in the presence of the Earle or his Baily there being a chaire cushion and Sword of estate Also the chamber Hastredeninga that is the supreme court of accounts cōsisting of hereditary treasurers yeerly meeting at Lile for three daies who iudge without appeale all things touching Receiuers with personall and reall actions belonging to the Princes patrimony and giue oathes to new Treasurers and Feo daries The third court of accounts established at Lile consists of a President foure Masters fiue helpers and two clarkes It examines the accompts of reuenues