Selected quad for the lemma: master_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
master_n	black_a	figure_n	great_a	30	3	2.1135	3	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A66534	The ornithology of Francis Willughby of Middleton in the county of Warwick Esq, fellow of the Royal Society in three books : wherein all the birds hitherto known, being reduced into a method sutable to their natures, are accurately described : the descriptions illustrated by most elegant figures, nearly resembling the live birds, engraven in LXXVII copper plates : translated into English, and enlarged with many additions throughout the whole work : to which are added, Three considerable discourses, I. of the art of fowling, with a description of several nets in two large copper plates, II. of the ordering of singing birds, III. of falconry / by John Ray ...	Ray, John, 1627-1705.; Willughby, Francis, 1635-1672. Ornithologiae libri tres. English.	1678 (1678)	Wing W2880; ESTC R9288	670,235	621

be_v a_o bird_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o goose_n of_o a_o black_a shine_a colour_n yet_o have_v some_o feather_n white_a underneath_o about_o the_o tail_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o wing_n ash-coloured_a leg_n and_o foot_n a_o crooked_a bill_n partly_o cinereous_a and_o partly_o yellow_a and_o about_o its_o root_n as_o it_o be_v swell_v out_o a_o fold_a or_o curl_a crest_n black_a eye_n but_o a_o pale_a iris._n it_o be_v feed_v with_o corn_n make_v up_o into_o a_o mass_n or_o loaf_n and_o bake_v and_o with_o such_o like_a meat_n it_o be_v flesh_n be_v fat_a and_o good_a to_o eat_v and_o not_o unlike_a that_o of_o well-fed_a turkey_n it_o be_v a_o very_a gentle_a creature_n and_o love_v to_o man_n and_o beg_v its_o food_n when_o a_o hungry_a by_o catch_v hold_n of_o the_o clothes_n of_o those_o that_o it_o live_v in_o the_o house_n with_o and_o when_o it_o have_v occasion_n to_o go_v into_o any_o room_n if_o the_o door_n be_v shut_v it_o knock_v at_o it_o with_o its_o bill_n if_o it_o can_v and_o be_v permit_v it_o follow_v its_o master_n and_o when_o he_o come_v home_o receive_v he_o with_o great_a expression_n of_o joy_n and_o clap_v its_o wing_n aldrovandus_n 10._o describe_v and_o set_v forth_o the_o figure_n of_o this_o bird_n under_o the_o title_n of_o another_o indian_a cock_n the_o whole_a body_n say_v he_o of_o this_o bird_n be_v of_o a_o deep_a black_a it_o want_v both_o spur_n and_o tail_n as_o also_o the_o comb_n instead_o of_o which_o it_o have_v on_o its_o head_n curl_a feather_n it_o be_v bill_n be_v of_o two_o colour_n partly_o yellow_a to_o wit_n towards_o the_o head_n partly_o black_a the_o upper_a chap_n of_o its_o bill_n hook_v where_o in_o other_o cock_n the_o hole_n of_o the_o nostril_n be_v there_o this_o bird_n have_v a_o certain_a yellow_a protuberance_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o cherry_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v cover_v with_o whitish_a they_o annulary_a scale_n also_o some_o small_a feather_n near_o the_o vent_n be_v white_a if_o this_o bird_n be_v right_o describe_v by_o aldrovandus_n it_o seem_v so_o to_o differ_v from_o the_o mituporanga_n of_o marggrave_n as_o his_o indian_a hen_n above_o describe_v do_v from_o the_o mitu_fw-la viz._n by_o the_o cherry-like_a protuberance_n on_o its_o bill_n moreover_o it_o differ_v also_o in_o that_o it_o want_v a_o tail_n whereas_o the_o mituporanga_n have_v a_o sufficient_a long_a one_o but_o aldrovandus_n see_v not_o the_o bird_n itself_o but_o only_o its_o picture_n which_o whether_o or_o no_o it_o be_v exact_a and_o not_o take_v when_o the_o bird_n have_v lose_v its_o tail_n there_o be_v some_o reason_n to_o doubt_v §._o vi_o the_o guiny_n hen._n it_o be_v for_o bigness_n equal_a to_o a_o common_a hen_n but_o its_o neck_n long_o and_o slendere_a the_o figure_n of_o its_o body_n almost_o like_o a_o partridge_n it_o be_v of_o a_o ash-colour_n all_o over_o chequer_a with_o white_a spot_n a_o black_a ring_n compass_n the_o neck_n the_o head_n be_v red_a on_o the_o crown_n or_o top_n of_o the_o head_n grow_v a_o hard_a horny_a cap_n a_o horn_n mr._n willughby_n call_v it_o of_o a_o dusky_a red_a colour_n the_o cheek_n beneath_o the_o eye_n be_v blue_a and_o bare_a of_o feather_n under_o which_o be_v a_o red_a gill._n they_o say_v that_o these_o bird_n be_v gregarious_a and_o feed_v their_o chicken_n in_o common_a so_o far_o mr._n willughby_n but_o because_o this_o description_n be_v very_o short_a and_o succinct_a though_o sufficient_a for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o bird_n i_o shall_v present_v the_o reader_n with_o a_o full_a and_o exact_a one_o out_o of_o gesner_n the_o description_n mauritanian_a cock_n be_v a_o very_a beautiful_a bird_n in_o bigness_n and_o shape_n of_o body_n bill_n and_o foot_n like_o a_o pheasant_n those_o that_o we_o have_v see_v as_o also_o those_o describe_v by_o bellonius_fw-la and_o marggrave_n be_v as_o big_a as_o ordinary_a hen_n arm_v with_o a_o horny_a crown_n rise_v up_o into_o a_o point_n on_o the_o backside_n before_o perpendicular_o on_o the_o foreside_n with_o a_o gentle_a ascent_n or_o declivity_n nature_n seem_v to_o have_v intend_v to_o fasten_v and_o bind_v it_o down_o to_o the_o low_a part_n by_o three_o as_o it_o be_v laciniae_fw-la label_n or_o slip_n proceed_v from_o it_o between_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o ear_n on_o both_o side_n one_o and_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o forehead_n one_o all_o of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o crown_n so_o that_o it_o sit_v on_o the_o head_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o ducal_z cap_n do_v upon_o the_o head_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o venice_n if_o that_o side_n which_o now_o stand_v foremost_a be_v turn_v backward_o this_o crown_n below_o be_v wrinkle_v round_o about_o where_o it_o rise_v upright_o in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o neck_n at_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o head_n grow_v certain_a erect_a hair_n not_o feather_n turn_v the_o contrary_a way_n the_o eye_n be_v whole_o black_a as_o also_o the_o eyelid_n round_o about_o and_o the_o eyebrow_n except_v a_o spot_n in_o the_o upper_a and_o hinder_a part_n of_o each_o eyebrow_n the_o bottom_n of_o the_o head_n on_o both_o side_n all_o along_o be_v take_v up_o by_o a_o kind_n of_o callous_a flesh_n of_o a_o sanguine_a colour_n which_o that_o it_o may_v not_o hang_v down_o like_o gills_o or_o wattles_n nature_n have_v take_v care_n to_o turn_v backward_o and_o fold_v up_o so_o that_o it_o end_v in_o two_o acute_a process_n from_o this_o flesh_n arise_v up_o on_o both_o side_n certain_a caruncle_n wherewith_o the_o nostril_n be_v invest_v round_o and_o the_o head_n in_o the_o forepart_n separate_v from_o the_o bill_n which_o be_v pale-coloured_n of_o these_o also_o at_o the_o bill_n the_o low_a edge_n be_v light_o reflect_v back_o under_o both_o nostril_n what_o be_v between_o the_o crown_n and_o this_o flesh_n on_o the_o right_n and_o left_a side_n be_v mark_v with_o a_o double_a scaly_a incisure_fw-la but_o behind_o with_o none_o it_o be_v colour_n under_o the_o jaw_n or_o throat_n be_v exact_o purple_a in_o the_o neck_n a_o dark_a purple_a in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n such_o as_o will_v arise_v from_o black_a and_o white_a fine_a powder_n sprinkle_v or_o sift_v thin_a upon_o a_o dusky_a colour_n but_o not_o mingle_v therewith_o in_o this_o colour_n be_v disperse_v and_o thick-set_a all_o over_o the_o body_n oval_n or_o round_a white_a spot_n above_o lesser_a below_o great_a comprehend_v in_o the_o interval_n of_o line_n oblique_o intersect_v one_o another_o as_o be_v see_v in_o the_o natural_a position_n of_o the_o feather_n in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o body_n only_o not_o in_o the_o low_a i_o suppose_v he_o mean_v if_o we_o shall_v fancy_v line_n to_o be_v draw_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o network_n all_o over_o the_o back_n the_o spot_n will_v stand_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o meish_n of_o that_o network_n this_o you_o may_v find_v to_o be_v so_o not_o only_o from_o view_v the_o whole_a body_n but_o even_o single_a feather_n pluck_v off_o for_o the_o upper_a feather_n in_o oblique_a line_n intersect_v one_o another_o or_o if_o you_o please_v certain_a circumference_n make_v as_o i_o say_v of_o black_a and_o white_a powder_n and_o have_v their_o extremity_n join_v together_o as_o in_o honey-comb_n or_o net_n do_v comprehend_v oval_a or_o round_a spot_n in_o dusky_a space_n but_o so_o do_v not_o the_o low_a rule_n yet_o both_o be_v place_v in_o a_o like_a manner_n for_o in_o some_o feather_n they_o be_v so_o join_v together_o in_o order_n that_o they_o do_v almost_o make_v acute_a triangle_n in_o other_o so_o as_o to_o represent_v a_o oval_a figure_n of_o this_o kind_n there_o be_v three_o or_o four_o row_n in_o each_o single_a feather_n so_o that_o the_o lesser_a be_v contain_v within_o the_o great_a in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o wing_n and_o in_o the_o tail_n the_o spot_n stand_v in_o equidistant_a right_a line_n long_a way_n of_o the_o feather_n between_o the_o cock_n and_o hen_n you_o can_v scarce_o discern_v the_o similitude_n be_v so_o great_a save_v that_o the_o head_n of_o the_o hen_n be_v all_o black_a it_o be_v voice_n be_v a_o divide_a or_o interrupt_v whistle_n not_o loud_a nor_o great_a than_o that_o of_o a_o quail_n but_o like_a to_o that_o of_o a_o partridge_n except_o that_o it_o be_v sublimior_fw-la high_a and_o not_o so_o clear_a this_o description_n be_v send_v to_o gesner_n by_o our_o dr._n key_n cajus_n marggravius_n see_v other_o bring_v out_o of_o sierra_n lyona_n like_a to_o the_o above_o describe_v who_o neck_n be_v bind_v or_o lap_v about_o with_o as_o it_o be_v a_o membranous_a cloth_n of_o a_o blue_a ash-colour_n a_o round_a many-double_a tuft_n or_o crest_n consist_v

more_o manifest_o this_o note_n be_v peculiar_a to_o this_o kind_n not_o agree_v to_o any_o other_o bird_n that_o i_o know_v this_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o their_o flesh_n be_v of_o all_o other_o most_o wholesome_a and_o afford_v best_a nourishment_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o undeserved_o have_v in_o high_a esteem_n and_o sell_v dear_a of_o any_o other_o 7._o to_o breed_v many_o young_a at_o a_o time_n 8._o to_o build_v their_o nest_n upon_o the_o ground_n the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o 9_o the_o young_a one_o new_o hatch_v be_v not_o feed_v by_o their_o dam_n with_o meat_n put_v into_o their_o mouth_n but_o be_v cover_v with_o a_o thick_a down_o forsake_v their_o nest_n and_o run_v up_o and_o down_o follow_v the_o old_a one_o and_o feed_v themselves_o pick_v up_o their_o meat_n with_o their_o bill_n 10._o because_o they_o be_v as_o we_o say_v corpulent_a and_o can_v fly_v long_o they_o seek_v their_o food_n walk_v up_o and_o down_o upon_o the_o earth_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n have_v broad_a toe_n that_o they_o may_v stand_v firm_a and_o sure_a and_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n good_a runner_n 11._o the_o most_o if_o not_o all_o bird_n of_o this_o kind_n dust_n themselves_o 12._o the_o poultry_n kind_n only_o but_o not_o all_o the_o several_a species_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v arm_v with_o spur_n we_o shall_v distinguish_v the_o bird_n of_o this_o kind_n into_o tame_a and_o wild_a the_o wild_a we_o shall_v subdivide_v into_o those_o that_o have_v the_o back-toe_n and_o those_o that_o want_v it_o those_o again_o that_o have_v the_o back_n toe_n into_o granivorous_a and_o phytivorous_a or_o by_o a_o more_o evident_a mark_n such_o as_o have_v scarlet_a red_a eyebrow_n bird_n of_o the_o poultry_n kind_n be_v either_o tame_a and_o domestic_a as_o the_o peacock_n turkey_n dunghill_n cock_n etc._n etc._n wild_a which_o either_o have_v the_o back_n toe_n be_v granivorous_a as_o the_o pheasant_n partridge_n quail_n etc._n etc._n phytivorou_n with_o red_a eyebrow_n as_o cock_n of_o the_o wood_n etc._n etc._n want_v the_o back-toe_n as_o the_o bustard_n etc._n etc._n chap._n x._o of_o tame_a poultry_n §._o i._o the_o dunghill_n cock_n and_o hen._n gallus_n gallinaceus_fw-la &_o gallina_n domestica_fw-la this_o bird_n call_v by_o the_o grecian_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o of_o old_a by_o a_o general_a name_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v and_o have_v be_v so_o well_o know_v in_o all_o age_n and_o place_n that_o it_o will_v be_v but_o lose_v labour_n to_o bestow_v many_o word_n on_o the_o describe_v of_o it_o by_o its_o erect_a tail_n have_v the_o component_a feather_n so_o situate_a as_o to_o make_v a_o angle_n or_o ridge_n its_o fleshy_a naked_a serrate_v comb_n and_o gills_o or_o wattles_n hang_v down_o under_o its_o chin_n and_o last_o by_o its_o long_a spur_n it_o be_v abundant_o distinguish_v from_o all_o other_o bird_n of_o its_o kind_n and_o easy_o know_v at_o first_o sight_n the_o dunghill_n cock_n alone_o of_o all_o diurnal_a bird_n except_v the_o nightingale_n sing_v or_o crow_n by_o night_n viz._n after_o midnight_n two_o or_o three_o time_n at_o interval_n before_o break_v of_o day_n the_o number_n of_o quill-feather_n in_o each_o wing_n compute_v all_o to_o the_o very_a lest_o be_v twenty_o seven_o the_o tail_n consist_v of_o fourteen_o which_o as_o far_o as_o i_o know_v be_v peculiar_a to_o this_o species_n for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o poultry_n kind_n have_v eighteen_o or_o at_o least_o sixteen_o feather_n apiece_o in_o their_o tail_n of_o these_o the_o two_o middlemost_a be_v in_o cock_n the_o long_a and_o elegant_o reflect_v or_o arcuate_v sickle_a feather_n the_o vulgar_a call_v they_o the_o cock_n be_v a_o most_o salacious_a bird_n do_v sudden_o grow_v old_a and_o become_v less_o fit_a for_o generation_n for_o his_o spirit_n be_v spend_v and_o the_o radical_a moisture_n as_o they_o call_v it_o consume_v by_o the_o immoderate_a use_n of_o venery_n his_o body_n must_v necessary_o wax_v dry_a and_o his_o heat_n of_o lust_n be_v extinguish_v aldrovandus_n write_v that_o himself_o have_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o cock_n when_o they_o be_v above_o three_o year_n old_a do_v indeed_o impregnate_n hen_n but_o that_o they_o become_v more_o impotent_a and_o insufficient_a for_o such_o exercise_n hen_n also_o since_o they_o do_v for_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o year_n daily_o lie_v egg_n can_v long_o suffice_v for_o so_o many_o birth_n but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n after_o three_o or_o four_o year_n become_v barren_a and_o effete_a for_o when_o they_o have_v spend_v all_o the_o seed-egg_n which_o from_o the_o beginning_n be_v in_o their_o body_n they_o must_v needs_o cease_v to_o lay_v there_o be_v no_o new_a one_o generate_v within_o how_o long_o these_o bird_n will_v live_v be_v they_o let_v alone_o i_o can_v certain_o determine_v though_o aldrov_n limit_n their_o age_n to_o ten_o year_n for_o they_o be_v keep_v only_o for_o profit_n and_o within_o a_o few_o year_n as_o we_o say_v before_o become_v unfit_a for_o generation_n who_o be_v there_o that_o without_o all_o hope_n of_o gain_n will_v keep_v they_o only_o to_o make_v experiment_n how_o long_o they_o will_v live_v but_o that_o they_o be_v in_o their_o kind_n short-lived_a we_o may_v right_o infer_v from_o their_o salaciousness_n and_o intemperate_a lust_n which_o infeeble_v the_o body_n waste_v the_o spirit_n and_o hasten_v the_o end_n cock_n be_v very_o courageous_a and_o high_a spirit_a bird_n that_o will_v rather_o die_v than_o yield_v be_v wont_a by_o our_o countryman_n to_o be_v with_o great_a care_n and_o exact_a diet_n feed_v and_o train_v up_o for_o the_o combat_n for_o in_o city_n and_o great_a town_n there_o be_v frequent_a cock-fighting_n yet_o not_o upon_o set_a day_n but_o appoint_v by_o the_o cock-master_n at_o their_o pleasure_n or_o when_o they_o agree_v among_o themselves_o yea_o in_o many_o place_n there_o be_v theater_n build_v cockpit_n they_o call_v they_o where_o such_o show_n be_v exhibit_v to_o which_o there_o be_v common_o a_o great_a concourse_n of_o people_n there_o be_v match_n make_v and_o great_a wager_n lay_v beside_o betting_n on_o either_o side_n of_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n which_o they_o carry_v away_o who_o cock_n get_v the_o victory_n right_o and_o well_o breed_v cock_n of_o the_o game_n will_v soon_o die_v upon_o the_o spot_n than_o yield_v and_o give_v over_o the_o fight_n or_o turn_v tail_n and_o run_v away_o no_o better_a flesh_n in_o the_o world_n in_o my_o opinion_n than_o that_o of_o a_o year-old_a pullet_n well_o feed_v or_o a_o fat_a capon_n nothing_o inferior_a to_o not_o to_o say_v better_a than_o that_o of_o a_o pheasant_n or_o partridge_n some_o there_o be_v that_o think_v and_o we_o also_o incline_v to_o their_o opinion_n that_o the_o flesh_n of_o those_o hen_n be_v most_o sweet_a and_o delicate_a which_o be_v feed_v at_o the_o barn-door_n run_v about_o and_o exercise_v themselves_o in_o get_v their_o food_n by_o scrape_v with_o their_o foot_n and_o that_o the_o flesh_n of_o those_o be_v less_o pleasant_a and_o wholesome_a that_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o coop_v and_o cram_v some_o be_v so_o curious_a that_o they_o think_v those_o limb_n most_o wholesome_a which_o be_v most_o exercise_v and_o therefore_o in_o wildfowl_n they_o prefer_v the_o wing_n in_o tame_a the_o leg_n a_o particular_a anatomical_a description_n of_o the_o cvarium_n or_o egg-cluster_n the_o womb_n and_o other_o part_n of_o generation_n in_o a_o hen_n may_v be_v see_v in_o aldrovandus_n his_o ornithology_n tom_n 2._o p._n 199_o etc._n etc._n but_o a_o more_o exact_a in_o dr._n harvey_n exercitation_n de_fw-fr generatione_n of_o the_o coition_n of_o cock_n and_o hen_n lay_v of_o egg_n sit_v and_o hatch_n of_o chicken_n the_o same_o author_n may_v be_v consult_v as_o also_o that_o great_a anatomist_n and_o naturalist_n marcellus_n malpighius_n in_o his_o little_a tractate_n de_fw-la ovo_fw-la who_o of_o all_o other_o do_v most_o exact_o describe_v the_o process_n of_o generation_n or_o of_o the_o formation_n and_o growth_n of_o the_o chicken_n in_o the_o egg_n during_o the_o whole_a time_n of_o incubation_n and_o have_v also_o illustrate_v his_o description_n with_o figure_n of_o the_o use_n of_o the_o flesh_n egg_n and_o all_o other_o part_n of_o pullen_n both_o in_o food_n and_o physic_n gesner_n and_o aldrovandus_n have_v write_v sufficient_o to_o who_o work_n we_o refer_v those_o who_o desire_v to_o know_v all_o those_o particular_n that_o the_o lion_n be_v afraid_a of_o a_o cock_n can_v endure_v the_o sight_n of_o he_o yea_o be_v terrify_v by_o his_o very_a crow_n have_v be_v deliver_v and_o receive_v by_o ancient_n and_o modern_n with_o unanimous_a consent_n and_o approbation_n and_o divers_a reason_n seek_v and_o assign_v for_o this_o

good_a way_n and_o towards_o the_o tip_n moderate_o hook_v the_o claw_n also_o be_v whitish_a §._o x._o the_o bird_n call_v spipoletta_n at_o florence_n tordino_n at_o venice_n perchance_o the_o 732._o stopparola_n or_o 731._o grisola_n or_o spipola_n secunda_fw-la of_o aldrovand_n it_o be_v less_o than_o a_o lark_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o beccafigo_n from_o bill_n point_n to_o tail_n end_n 7⅛_n inch_n long_o between_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o wing_n extend_v eleven_o three_o quarter_n broad_a it_o be_v bill_n be_v small_a slender_a about_o half_a a_o inch_n long_o straight_o sharp_a and_o coalblack_a its_o spur_n or_o back-claw_a very_o long_o like_o a_o lark_n it_o be_v colour_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n neck_n shoulder_n and_o back_o cinereous_a with_o a_o dash_n of_o green_a mr._n willughby_n make_v the_o back_n to_o be_v of_o a_o obscure_a or_o dusky_a yellow_a the_o head_n more_o cinereous_a the_o breast_n and_o belly_n be_v white_a the_o throat_n spot_v the_o belly_n of_o the_o hen-bird_n be_v yellowish_a the_o throat_n breast_n and_o belly_n in_o some_o be_v white_a in_o other_o of_o a_o lovely_a yellow_a but_o in_o all_o general_o the_o breast_n be_v dark_a than_o the_o throat_n or_o belly_n and_o spot_v it_o have_v in_o each_o wing_n eighteen_o prime_a feather_n i_o find_v not_o in_o this_o kind_n that_o small_a short_a outmost_a feather_n which_o we_o have_v observe_v in_o the_o wing_n of_o many_o small_a bird_n of_o a_o dark_a or_o dusky_a colour_n except_v the_o outer_a edge_n which_o be_v either_o whitish_a or_o yellowish_a the_o feather_n also_o of_o the_o second_o row_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o those_o of_o the_o first_o the_o tail_n be_v about_o three_o inch_n long_o and_o consist_v of_o ten_o feather_n of_o which_o the_o two_o outmost_a on_o each_o side_n have_v their_o outward_a vane_n and_o top_n in_o the_o whole_a above_o their_o half_n milkwhite_a all_o the_o rest_n be_v dark-coloured_n and_o almost_o black_a especial_o in_o the_o male_n except_v the_o two_o middlemost_a which_o round_o the_o edge_n be_v either_o yellowish_a or_o white_a mr._n willughby_n describe_v the_o tail_n a_o little_a otherwise_o and_o perchance_o more_o exact_o thus_o the_o tail_n be_v black_a but_o the_o upper_a half_n of_o the_o outmost_a feather_n on_o each_o side_n and_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o next_o be_v white_a the_o two_o middlemost_a from_o dusky_a incline_v to_o a_o ash-colour_n this_o bird_n be_v sufficient_o distinguish_v by_o the_o length_n of_o its_o heel_n from_o other_o sort_n of_o bird_n by_o the_o black_a colour_n of_o its_o wing_n and_o tail_n bill_n and_o foot_n from_o other_o lark_n concern_v its_o manner_n place_n nest_n breed_v etc._n etc._n we_o have_v nothing_o further_a to_o add_v we_o see_v it_o at_o venice_n and_o florence_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o countryman_n and_o fowler_n among_o other_o small_a bird_n to_o be_v sell_v in_o the_o market_n at_o florence_n they_o call_v it_o spipoletta_n whence_o induce_v by_o the_o agreement_n of_o name_n we_o guess_v it_o to_o be_v either_o the_o first_o or_o second_o spipola_n of_o aldrovandus_n but_o yet_o see_v in_o the_o description_n of_o these_o bird_n there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v of_o the_o length_n of_o the_o heel_n which_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a so_o curious_a a_o spectator_n as_o aldrovand_n shall_v either_o oversee_v or_o through_o neglect_n and_o forgetfulness_n omit_v notwithstanding_o the_o convenience_n of_o name_n these_o may_v perchance_o be_v distinct_a species_n and_o therefore_o that_o we_o may_v not_o give_v the_o reader_n just_a occasion_n to_o to_o complain_v that_o we_o have_v rash_o omit_v any_o thing_n in_o our_o ornithology_n we_o will_v annex_v to_o this_o chapter_n aldrovandus_n his_o description_n of_o spipolae_fw-la stopparolae_fw-la and_o other_o small_a bird_n to_o which_o we_o judge_v this_o to_o be_v the_o same_o or_o very_o like_a the_o first_o spipola_n of_o 26._o aldrovandus_n the_o first_o spipola_n which_o be_v great_a than_o the_o rest_n in_o this_o kind_n have_v a_o ash-coloured_a head_n under_o the_o bill_n a_o white_a spot_n in_o place_n of_o a_o beard_n it_o be_v breast_n be_v red_a its_o belly_n particoloured_a of_o red_a and_o white_a its_o tail_n black_a above_o white_z underneath_o it_o be_v back_o ash-coloured_a its_o wing_n particoloured_a of_o white_a black_a and_o red_a its_o leg_n and_o foot_n yellow_a its_o claw_n black_a its_o bill_n long_o slender_a and_o dusky_a colour_v this_o bird_n if_o it_o be_v exact_o describe_v be_v to_o we_o as_o yet_o unknown_a the_o other_o spipola_n of_o ibid._n aldrovandus_n this_o incline_v more_o to_o a_o ash-colour_n than_o the_o precedent_n but_o differ_v from_o it_o in_o that_o it_o have_v not_o a_o red_a breast_n but_o mark_v with_o black_a spot_n draw_v downward_o it_o be_v also_o more_o cinereous_a above_o than_o beneath_o moreover_o the_o belly_n be_v almost_o white_a behind_o the_o eye_n be_v a_o great_a spot_n approach_v after_o a_o sort_n to_o a_o ferrugineous_a colour_n the_o master_n feather_n of_o the_o wing_n and_o those_o which_o cover_v they_o be_v black_a their_o side_n and_o end_n be_v cinereous_a the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v dusky_a the_o tail_n ash-coloured_a the_o three_o spipola_n of_o aldrovandus_n describe_v in_o the_o same_o chapter_n this_o some_o call_n boarina_n it_o be_v a_o small_a bird_n almost_o all_o over_o of_o a_o pale_a or_o whitish_a yellow_a but_o deep_a in_o the_o wing_n than_o elsewhere_o the_o bill_n and_o foot_n be_v dusky_a the_o stopparola_n of_o aldrovand_n lib._n 17._o cap._n 27._o the_o fowler_n say_v he_o of_o our_o city_n call_v this_o bird_n stopparola_n a_o name_n i_o know_v not_o what_o it_o signify_v nor_o whence_o it_o be_v derive_v unless_o perchance_o it_o be_v from_o stubble_n which_o our_o peasant_n country_n man_n call_v stoppia_n it_o be_v if_o i_o be_v not_o mistake_v of_o the_o genus_fw-la of_o the_o flycatcher_n muscicapae_n have_v the_o breast_n and_o belly_n for_o the_o most_o part_n white_a the_o head_n which_o on_o the_o crown_n be_v speckle_v with_o white_a spot_n neck_n back_o and_o tail_n brown_a the_o quill-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n black_a as_o be_v also_o the_o covert_n but_o yellowish_a on_o the_o side_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n slender_a and_o black_a the_o bill_n indifferent_o long_a sharp-pointed_a and_o black_a a_o bird_n like_o to_o stopparola_n &_o magnanina_n aldrov_n in_o the_o same_o place_n it_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o wagtail_n have_v a_o long_a straight_o sharp_a bill_n yet_o above_o have_v a_o little_a declivity_n black_a above_o and_o of_o a_o horn_n colour_n underneath_o the_o neck_n breast_n and_o belly_n pale_a the_o eye_n small_a and_o lively_a have_v a_o black_a pupil_n and_o a_o white_a circle_n and_o a_o dusky_a spot_n hardly_o conspicuous_a about_o they_o the_o foot_n leadencoloured_a the_o grisola_n of_o 28._o aldrovandus_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a other_o small_a bird_n catch_v in_o our_o field_n which_o the_o fowler_n call_v grisola_n perchance_o from_o its_o grey_a or_o hoary_a colour_n although_o it_o be_v not_o grey_a but_o of_o a_o dusky_a ash-colour_n or_o perchance_o because_o it_o cry_v much_o keep_v alone_o for_o we_o sometime_o use_v the_o word_n gridare_v to_o signify_v lament_v it_o feed_v upon_o fly_n and_o other_o such_o like_a infect_v as_o i_o gather_v from_o the_o figure_n and_o construction_n of_o its_o bill_n for_o it_o be_v slender_a straight_o and_o long_o on_o the_o neck_n and_o breast_n it_o be_v distinguish_v with_o oblong_a brown_a spot_n tend_v downward_o the_o whole_a belly_n be_v white_a the_o head_n upper_z side_z of_o the_o neck_n back_o and_o tail_n be_v dusky_a as_o be_v also_o the_o wing_n the_o feather_n whereof_o have_v their_o side_n and_o end_n of_o a_o pale_a ash-colour_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v also_o dusky_a or_o blackish_a the_o glareana_n or_o grien_n vogelin_n of_o gesner_n hither_o also_o for_o its_o spot_a breast_n we_o will_v refer_v the_o glareana_n or_o grien_n vogelin_n of_o gesner_n which_o because_o the_o author_n describe_v from_o the_o inspection_n of_o a_o picture_n send_v he_o from_o strasburgh_n we_o suspect_v not_o to_o differ_v from_o the_o above_o describe_v although_o in_o some_o particular_n it_o seem_v to_o vary_v we_o refer_v the_o reader_n that_o desire_v more_o concern_v it_o to_o gesner_n or_o aldrovandus_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o swallow_n in_o general_n the_o characteristic_a note_n of_o swallow_n be_v a_o great_a head_n a_o short_a neck_n a_o small_a short_a bill_n a_o wide_a mouth_n for_o the_o more_o easy_a catch_v of_o fly_n and_o other_o infect_v as_o they_o fly_v to_o and_o fro_o very_o long_a wing_n a_o swift_a and_o almost_o continual_a flight_n a_o long_a and_o fork_a tail_n for_o the_o more_o ready_a and_o speedy_a turn_v their_o body_n