that of Leon Beautiful and that of Sevil Great The Revenue of the Church is 30000 Ducats the Archbishops 120000 the Canons and other Dignities proportionably The Country is plain pleasant and fruitful A great part is planted with Olive-trees which produce large and pleasant Fruit thence sent to other parts It has so great a Trade and the Farmers are so numerous and rich that in the time of the Moors in Olive-Orchards call'd Axarase there were 100000 Cottages and Oil-Mills which number tho' it seem incredulous we have the Authority of King Alonso the Wise's History to testifie it The concourse of Strangers is greater than could be imagin'd especially since the Trade with the West-Indies All these things stirr'd up King Ferdinand to undertake the Conquest of so important a place Axatafe King of Sevil was not unprovided but gather'd Forces not only of his own but out of Africk and laid in great stores of Arms and Provisions All things being plentifully provided for the carrying on a long Siege King Ferdinand mov'd from Alcala Guadayra where he had spent some time and sate down before Sevil on the 25th of August in the Year 1247. The King himself Encamp'd on the Bank of the River below the City by the Fields of Tablada D. Pelayo Perez Correa Master of Santiago took his post on the other side the River in a Village called Aznalfarache to oppose Abenjafon King of Niebla who was possessed of all the Towns in that Neighbourhood Many Sallies were made by the Moors to obstruct carrying on the Works but no consiedrable Action hap'ned It was the chief care to guard all the Avenues as well the River as the Land and the Soldiers ceased not to plunder all the Country Carmona streightned with these losses surrendred Nothing was omitted by the Besieged that might endamage the Christians especially they attempted several times with Artificial Fire-works to burn our Fleet but the great Vigilance of the Admiral Boniface disappointed all their designs D. Pelayo Correa Master of Santiago and D. Lorenco Suarez did great service during the Siege Above all things incredible are related of Garci Perez Vargas of Toledo and being such they are not worthy to have a place here Mean while Prince Alonso the King's Son being invited to it by the Townsmen design'd to possess himself of Xativa in the Kingdom of Valencia and did actually take Enguerra a dependance of Xativa The King of Aragon justly provok'd by these Proceedings took Villena and 6 other Towns in the Limits of Castile having Brib'd the Governours Besides at the beginning of the Year 1248. he took from the Moors a Town called Bugerra in the same Territory These Misunderstandings seem'd to threaten greater and worse Consequences therefore Prince Alonso who was inclin'd to Moderation resolv'd upon a Conference with the King of Aragon and accordingly they met at Almizra a Town belonging to that King There by the Mediation of the Queen of Aragon and D. James de Haro with other great Men all matters were adjusted the Towns wrongfully taken restor'd on both sides and the Limits and Conquests of each Party assign'd By this Contract Almansa Sarasulla and the River Cabriolo were allotted to Murcia to Valencia Biara Saxona Alarca and Finestrato All things being setled the Princes parted King Jayme laid Siege to Xativa and had it surrendred to him towards the end of the Summer This City stands in a pleasant Country near the Mouth of the River Xucar Prince Alonso and D. James de Haro made hast to the Siege of Sevil. Alhamar also King of Sevil joyn'd King Ferdinand with a good Body of Men and that so opportunely that the Christian Soldiers weary of so tedious a Siege were about abandoning the Camp Sickness that began to spread among them greatly discourag'd them Winter was spent and no great advance made King Ferdinand himself tired with so many difficulties was dubious whether to raise or continue the Siege The Besieged in a Sally having burnt our Engines and overturn'd the Works now scoffed at our Men from the Walls Nevertheless the Siege was continued with so much the more resolution because fresh Supplies came daily into the Camp Thither repaired the Bishops D. John Arias of Santiago but falling Sick made no stay D. Garcia of Cordova D. Sancho of Coria also the Masters of Calatrava and the Princes Frederick and Henry besides a great number of Nobles It was hard by reason of the greatness of the City to secure all the Avenues tho' they were strictly watched Boniface the Admiral desiring to destroy the Bridge provided two great Ships which with the Flood and a strong Westerly Wind with full Sails so violently bore upon it that the Chains which held the Boats could not withstand the force of the shock Thus the Bridge was cut off on the 3d of May to the great Joy of the Army Flush'd with this Success the Soldiers on a sudden gave an onset on all sides labouring to make a Breach with all sorts of Instruments so resolutely that the Besieged were in great danger Their resolution and the strength of the Walls overcame the labour of the Christians Provisions beginning to fail and no hopes of Relief appearing the Citizens at first in Whispers began to talk of a Surrender soon after it became the publick Discourse and at last they demanded a Parly The Commissioners sent out to treat were for submitting to any Conditions except delivering the City and the King would hearken to nothing less than a Surrender Whilst the Treaty lasted a Truce was concluded upon At first they offer'd to pay the same they had always done to the Miramamolines This offer being rejected they proposed to deliver the third part and then half the City to be separated from the rest by a Wall over and above those Revenues King Ferdinand admitting of no Proposal less than the surrender of the City at last they came to this Conclusion That the Moorish King with all the Inhabitants carrying all their Goods might freely depart whither they pleased That excepting Sanlucar Aznalfarache and Niebla all other Towns and Castles depending on Sevil should be delivered up A Month was allow'd for performance of Articles The Castle was presently deliver'd up and on the 27th of November 100000 Moors Men Women and Children marched out of the City Some went over into Africk the rest were dispersed into other Towns and Cities in Spain This Siege lasted 16 Months during which time the Camp was like a City all things being there plentifully sold in Shops regularly disposed and Smiths Carpenters and other necessary Trades continually working On the 22d of December the King in great State entred the City and heard Mass in the Cathedral which to that purpose had been Blessed by Gutierre late Elect Archbishop of Toledo in the place of John who dy'd on the 23d of July Raymund de Losana was chosen Archbishop of the new City Sevil
the Arch-bishop of Toledo who kept him long at Almonaçir three Leagues from that City This done the King and Queen went to Plasencia and thence set out for Portugal The Clergy of Guardia as had been promis'd by the Bishop came out to meet them with Crosses wishing them Joy of their Accession to that Crown The Governour of the Castle held out not knowing what party to take Before the King 's coming he was proclaim'd at Lisbon through the Persuasions of D. Henry Emanuel Earl of Sintra and Uncle to the late King Ferdinand Ellenor the Queen Dowager consented to it knowing her self too weak to oppose the Designs of the great Ones Yet the People began to be divided and many Lives were lost The first kill'd was the Count John Fernandez de Andeyro whom the Master of Avis stabb'd in the very Palace The popular Fury stopp'd not here for they Murder'd D. Martin Bishop of Lisbon in the Tower of the Cathedral whither he fled for Sanctuary only because he was a Castilian and seem'd to favour King John The Queen fearing some Outrage with the consent of the Master of Avis withdrew from Lisbon to Santarem Only Passion and Madness seem'd now to Reign The Master of Avis was Handsome Generous Familiar and had many other good Qualities which seem'd to make amends for the Fault in his Birth On the other side King John tho mild unless provok'd was reserv'd and of few Words so that tho some Places submitted to him upon his first coming he gain'd not the Affections of the Portugueses who expect to be familiarly Treated by their Kings At the beginning of the Year 1384 the King went from Guardia to Santarem to visit the Queen Dewager his Mother in Law and consult with her what Method was to be taken With him went 500 Horse a sufficient Number in time of Peace but too small to quell Rebels The Governours of the Kingdom of Toledo ceas'd not to make new Levies and send them towards Fortugal The greatest want was of Mony the Treasury and Country being exhausted with the last Wars They therefore took to the value of 4000 Marks of Silver out of the Treasury of the Church of our Blessed Lady of Guadalupe which the People look'd upon as an ill Omen 〈…〉 War began with Sacriledge Charles Prince of Navarre that he might not be thought ungrateful was gathering a good Body of Men to assist King John The King of Aragon thought it safest to look on In Portugal after much Consultation it was resolv'd the Queen Dowager should resign the Government of the Kingdom to the King her Son in Law This which was look'd upon as the means to appease the People provok'd them the more to Mutiny They hated the Government of Castile and upbraided the Queen with Parjury and breach of Trust yet many of the Nobles who had much to lose were concern'd at these Confusions and favour'd King John These were Henry Emanuel Earl of Sintra John Texeda who had been Lord Chancellor D. Peter Pereyra Grand Prior of Portugal who was afterwards Master of Calatrava in Castile and his two Brothers James and Ferdinand with many more Besides these many of the Commonalty especially in the Province between the Rivers Duero and Minho where one Lope de Leyra born in Galicia was Governour Alonso Pimentel deliver'd up Bragança he being Governour there John Portocarrero and Alonso de Silva did the same by other Places where they Commanded Thus far the pretensions of Castile went on successfully and it was thought the whole Kingdom united could not oppose them much less being divided But their Hopes soon vanish'd D. John Brother to the late King being detain'd Prisoner in Castile the People fixt their Eyes upon the Master of Avis Bastard Son to King Ferdinand He laying hold of the opportunity offer'd to expose himself for his Country Yet the People at that time did no more but name D. John that was Prisoner in Castile their Governour The more to incense the People he was painted upon their Colours in Irons The Command of the Army was given to the Master of Avis They said Queen Ellenor was not lawfully marry'd to the King and therefore Queen Beatvix was a Bastard This was done in Lisbon which had declar'd against Castile and was supported by many of the Nobility particularly by Nun̄o Alvarez Pereyra Son to the Grand Prior tho his Brothers sided with Castile This Gentleman was the Founder of the House of Bragança the most powerful in Portugal Nun̄o Pereyra was sent with a Body of Men to wast are Frontiers of Castile Some Forces sent by King John to oppose him were routed with great Slaughter and much greater Disgrace D. Gonçalo Brother to the Queen Dowager was in Coimbra with a good Garrison Thither King John went with the two Queens believing he would have receiv'd him but was disappointed This was the more grievous to King John for that Peter Earl of Trastamara Son to D. Frederick deserted from him and fled to that City It was suspected that Queen Ellenor weary of favouring Castile knew of his Flight Therefore the King sent her to Tordesillas in Castile with a great Retinue where she afterwards dy'd She lies bury'd at Valladolid in the Cloister of the Mercenarians This done a Council of War was held about besieging Lisbon the Metropolis of the Kingdom whither the principal People were withdrawn with the best of their Goods Opinions vary'd Some were for dividing the Army and securing the Country Others said all would be easy Lisbon once taken This Advice prevail'd and the Army march'd to the Siege By the way they wasted the Country burnt the Villages drove the Cattle and took several Towns They incamp'd and intrench'd themselves before that part of the City where now is the Monastery of All Saints To secure the Sea as well as the Land 13 Galleys and 12 Ships came from Sevil and anchor'd before the City to hinder any Resort of Provisions which soon grew scarce for the Multitude of the Besieg'd was great To remedy this want 16 Galleys and 8 Ships came from Porto which with the help of the Wind and Tide tho they lost 3 Ships supply'd the distress'd City This Relief chang'd the Face of Affairs for Autumn coming on the Army in the Field sicken'd and therefore King John made some Overtures of Peace Peter Fernandez de Velasco for the Castilians and the Master of Avis for the Portugueses were commission'd to Treat The Master of Avis positively affirm'd they would accept of no Conditions unless he were left to govern the Kingdom till such time as Queen Beatrix had a Son of Age to take the Administration upon him This he would not depart from having already conceiv'd some Hopes of obtaining the Crown for himself Sickness dally increas'd and many Men of Note dy'd of the Common sort 200 perish'd in one Day This made the great Men waver and grow weary of that unfortunate War
descent was from King Alonso IVth who was his great Grandfather his Son Jayms being Father to Peter and Grandfather to the present Earl Besides he had to Wife King Martin's Sisters the Daughter of King Peter by Queen Sibila D. Alonso de Aragon Marques de Villena the Earl of Deniâ— had also a Title to the Crown but it was farther remov'd yet at the perswasion of his Friends tho very Old he set up his Title among the rest as being lineally descended from Jayme the IId King of Aragon The King of Aragon gave Audience to the French Bishop harkened to his Demands and the Reasons on which he grounded his Claim After that was over retiring to his Apartment those that were about him continu'd the Discourse and at length came to argue the Case in Form before the King William de Moncada pleaded for the Duke of Anjou whose doubtless the Right was as may appear by his Descent set down before Bernard de Centellas argu'd for the Earl of Orâ—el and Bernard Villalice for the Marques de Villena who was the remotest When they had all done the King have his Opinion which agreed with none of theirs for he positively affirm'd Prince Ferdinand of Castile had the best Title as being his Nephew the Son of his own Sister Ellenor In reality he was himself but an Usurper the Duke of Anjon having a better Right than he but he resolv'd to cut him off and continue the Crown in his own Family This Discourse of the King 's being made publick first at Barcelona where it was spoken and afterwards through all Christendom much advanc'd Prince Ferdinand his Pretension and avail'd him to be preferr'd before his Competitors This was the common Discourse of the Town and even in the King's Presence â—â— which he seem'd to be pleas'd yet in his Heart he was more inclined to his Grandson 〈◊〉 Bastard Son to the late King of Sicily whom he had already created Earl of Luna and in order to make him capable of inheriting the Crown treated with Pope Benedict about his Legitimation If this succeeded not he preferr'd his Nephew Prince Ferdinand before all others his Valour and Virtue and his despising the Crown of Castile having render'd him worthy of another Kingdom Nevertheless upon the pressing Instances of the Earl of Vrgel the King constituted him Vicar and Governour of the Kingdom an Honour usually given to the Heir of the Crown and might have been very prejudicial to the other pretenders had he not underhand given orders to the Vrreas and Herias two powerful Families in Zaragoca not to admit him into that City or suffer him to exercise that Office notwithstanding his Letters Patents This doublâ— dealing highly offended the Earl of Vrgel and was the Cause of great Troubles CHAP. X. The Moors having done maâ—â—h harm in the Christian Territories Prince Ferdinand marches against them defeats them and takes Antequera and other Places Martin King of Aragon dies A Love-Adventure THE Truce with the Moors was now expir'd and their Boldness provok'd and oblig'd the Christians to renew the War for they 〈◊〉 the Town of Zahara ravag'd all the Country and drove the Cattle To put a stop to their Fury and revenge the Wrongs receiv'd Prince Ferdinand having made the necessary Provision of Men Mony Ammunition and Victuals in the Month of February of the Year 1410 march'd with his Army towards Cordova at such time as the Infidels being disappointed of taking the Castle of Zahara abandon'd the Town and our Forces speedily repair'd the Walls and put the Place into a Posture of Defence Prince Ferdinand's Army consisted of 10000 Foot and 3500 Horse the very Flower of the Castillian Forces all brave and resolute Souldiers With him were Sancho de Rojas Bishop of Palencia Alvaro de Guzman John de Mendoça John de Velasco D. Ruy Lopez Davalas and other Towns and Men of Quality With these Forces the Prince sat down before the City Antquera on the 〈…〉 till he had made himself Master of that 〈…〉 sent 5000 Horse and 80000 Foot 〈…〉 They march'd up to the City and 〈…〉 they rang'd their Battles and engag'd The 〈…〉 5000 of 'em kill'd in the fight and pursuit 〈…〉 and their Camp plunder'd This Victory was so 〈…〉 the more Remarkable 〈…〉 of the Christians only 120 were lost Prince Ferdinand 〈…〉 thanks to Almighty God 〈…〉 great Success and sent Expresses to convey the good News to 〈…〉 The more 〈…〉 the Besieged he caus'd a deep and large Trench to be 〈…〉 with a good Breast work and Forts at convenient Distances to hinder the 〈…〉 and all manner of Provision or Relief from coming to them This 〈…〉 necessary his Forces at that time being weak because several parties were abroad by 〈◊〉 order plundring and destroying all the Country which was done 〈…〉 to the Walls of Malaga Great harm was done but the Terror spread abroad was much greater The Moorish King commanded all that were of Age without exceptions 〈…〉 and appear in Arms by which means he gather'd a 〈◊〉 Multitude 〈…〉 not to hazard another Battle and only shew'd himself to terrify the Christians 〈…〉 kept on the Hills and in the Woods The besieged began to be strenghten'd 〈…〉 most perplext them was that they had no hopes of Relief It was as bad as Death to surrender and they had no means to hold out It happen'd 300 Horse of the Garrison or Jaen made an Incursion into the Territories of the Moors 〈…〉 orderly that they were surpriz'd and all cut off This small Success encourag'd the besieged to hope that some Misfortune might befall the Besiegers Whilst these things were acting at 〈…〉 the new Pope dy'd at Bolonia on the 3d of May. His Body was bury'd in the Church 〈…〉 of that City The Cardinals of his party met and on the 〈…〉 Month Cota Deacon-Cardinal born at Naples who was then Legate 〈…〉 himself in his Papacy John the XXIIId He was bold subtle 〈…〉 made of good or bad Practices as the occasion requir'd or was 〈…〉 Purpose 〈…〉 happier in the time of his Predecessor when he govern'd all things than in his own being cast down and depriv'd of the Tiara Soon after follow'd the Death of the King of Aragon who dy'd of a stoppage in his Head on the last of May at Valdoncellas a Monastery of Nuns adjoyning to the Walls of 〈…〉 His Body was 〈◊〉 at Poplete with very little Pomp the People being affirmed at their present Loss and apprehenstâ—â— or what was like to follow The Cortes of that Principality were 〈…〉 not without some 〈…〉 of Troubles likely to break out 〈…〉 that all the States should depute certain Persons of Note to 〈…〉 King in his 〈◊〉 and intreat him that to prevent Disorders he would appoint who was to succeed him This was accordingly put in Execution and by consent of all the Deputies Fâ—rrer head of the Council of that City was appointed
about the end of the Year Among other Things the Bones of S. Luis Bishop of Toulouze Son to Charles the 2d King of Naples were carry'd into Spain to the City of Valencia where the King landed The King of Castile hearing of his Arrival sent Embassadors to him at the beginning of the Year 1424 to Congratulate with him upon his safe Arrival and the Victories he had obtain'd as also again to demand the Fugitives and Out-laws should be deliver'd up to him to answer to such things as should be lay'd to their Charge These Embassadors had Audience at Valencia upon the 3d of April At the same time the Affairs of Aragon declin'd apace in Naples and no hopes remain'd of retrieving them notwithstanding that Sforcia the famous General marching to raise the Siege of Aquila was on the 5th of January drown'd passing the River Averno then much swell'd with the Winter Rains His Death was no way Advantagious to the Aragonians for Francis Sforcia his Son supply'd his Place Pope Martin and Philip Duke of Milan joyn'd with the Faction of Anjou The Duke fitted out a Fleet at Genoa and sent it to the Relief of the Queen under the Command of Guido Taurello This Fleet and the Army by Land besieg'd Gaeta It might well have been defended but was soon surrender'd only upon Condition the Aragonian Garrison should have liberty to depart From Gaeta the Army and Fleet mov'd towards Naples James Caldora to whom that City was committed agreed with the Enemy who promis'd him the Arrears due to him from the Aragonians and he open'd the Gates to them He pretended to justify himself that Prince Peter design'd to kill him whereas in Truth he was a faithless and changeable Man On the 12 of April the City of Naples was lost but still the Aragonians kept two Castles there viz. Castelnovo and that called Del Ovo which is very little but strong being seated on a Rock encompass'd by the Sea After the taking of Naples all other Towns surrender'd to the Victors The King of Aragon was much concern'd that the King of Castile imprisoning his Brother had oblig'd him to quit Naples which was the cause it was lost He meditated Revenge yet resolv'd to try all ways rather than declare War Dalmao de Mur Arch-bishop of Tarragona sent Embassador upon this Account deliver'd his Message before the King of Castile and Nobles at Ocan̄a He demanded the Prince's Liberty saying if he were Guilty of any Crime his long Imprisonment was Punishment enough and he ought to be forgiven being so near of Kin to the King of Castile besides that his Brother the King of Aragon would never desist till he had obtain'd his Demand There were many about Court who had advis'd the Prince's Imprisonment and fear'd if he were releas'd they should suffer Others were apprehensive of losing what they had got of the banish'd Person 's Estate These oppos'd the releasing of the Prince and Alvaro de Luna proud with his vast Preferment sided with them Thus nothing was concluded and the Embassadors departed The King of Castile went away to Burgos at the same time that his Daughter Catherine dy'd at Madrigal a Town in Old Castile on the 10th of August She was bury'd in the Monastery of Huelgas Soon was the Grief conceiv'd for her Death converted into Joy the Queen being deliver'd on the 5th of January 1425 at Valladolid of Prince Henry In April the three Estates took the Oath of Allegiance to him as Heir to the Crown The King of Aragon was making all necessary Preparations for War at Zaragoça At Valladolid a Council was held to make the necessary Provision to oppose him Opinions vary'd as is usual in such Cases Some were for declaring War immediately a hot sort of People where there is no Danger Others more prudent said all possible means ought to be us'd to prevent a Breach The King was doubtful and knew not which Advice to take Charles King of Navarre fearing this Dispute might be destructive to Spain sent Peter Peralta his Steward and Garci Falces his Secretary Embassadors to Castile to offer himself as Mediator When this Proposition was ready to be embrac'd it was obstructed by Letters from the King of Aragon requiring Prince John his Brother to repair to him immediately He having obtain'd leave of the King of Castile set out for Aragon and had Commission to treat with that King of an Accommodation The Army of Aragon lay at Taraçona ready to break into Castile and the King was so intent upon this Expedition he seem'd to have lay'd aside all Thoughts of Naples And Yet he had receiv'd Intelligence that Braccio who besieged Aquila was overthrown and killed before that Place on the 25th of May. James Caldora General of the Pope's Forces in the Service of the Queen obtain'd this Victory being assisted by John and Sancho Carrillo Nephews to the Cardinal of that Name They in pursuance of the Victory soon made themselves Masters of Marca de Ancona which Braccio had before taken The Body of Braccio was carry'd to Rome and bury'd before the Gate of S. Laurence he being an Excommunicated Person In the time of Pope Eugenius the IV he was translated to a beautiful Tomb at Perosa by Nicholas Fortebrachio who took Rome and did this Honour to his Uncle by the Mother's side In May at Florence dy'd D. Peter Fernandez de Frias Cardinal of Spain his Body was brought over and bury'd in the Cathedral of Burgos He was of a mean Extraction but his good Parts obtained him that Preferment together with the Favour of the Kings Henry and John His Life was scandalous for Avarice and Leudness Having some Words at Burgos with the Bishop of Segovia a Servant of his cudgell'd the Bishop which render'd the Cardinal very odious tho afterwards the Servant confess'd he had done it without his Master's Knowledge Yet many saying he ought to be punish'd he was forc'd to withdraw into Italy The King seiz'd upon all the Mony he had gather'd which was a great Sum. He was Governour of Marca de Ancona for the Pope and in Castile built the Monastery of Espeja of the order of S. Hierome Prince John was nobly receiv'd by his Brother at Taraçona Whilst the said Prince John made Proposals for an Accommodation and expected a more ample Commission from the King of Castile to determine the Points in Debate the two Brothers march'd into the Territories of Navarre but without doing any harm and encamp'd near Milagro the heat of Summer being then over The Commission being come from Castile certain Persons of all three Kingdoms met at Aruel and on the 3d of September came to this Conclusion That Prince Henry be immediately set at Liberty and all his Honours and Estate restor'd him as also the Arrears of the Profits thereof which had been deposited during his Confinement The same was decreed in favour of Peter Manrique who was also
This done he went to Florence to see Pope Eugenius and thence into France After his departure Abruzzo Apulia and all other Places submitted to the Aragonians and thus Italy was in part pacify'd In Spain the Troubles did not cease the Nobility slighting the Government D. Luis de Guzman Master of Calatrava lay desperately Sick and was given over John Ramiroz de Guzman Chief Commendary of that Order and Ferdinand de Padilla the Master's Deputy contended who should succeed him The latter had secur'd the Votes of the Chapter that was to Elect. Therefore D. John resolv'd to obtain that Dignity by Force securing the Towns that belong'd to that Order D. Ferdinand with 400 Horse met him at Barajas defeated and took him Prisoner with his Son and two Brothers and by that means obtain'd the Mastership which yet he enjoy'd not long For the King design'd that Dignity for Alonso Bastard Son to the King of Navarre who Besieg'd Calatrava There the New Master was unluckily kill'd by a Stone one of his own Men was throwing at the Enemy After his Death D. Alonso was made Master of the Order In Biscay Tumults were rais'd upon two accounts One was that certain Societies that had been confirmed by the King fell upon the Estates of the Nobility Among the rest Peter de Ayala was Besieg'd in his Town of Salvatierra and reliev'd by his Cousin the Earl of Haro who having receiv'd a Letter in which he begg'd his Assistance swore he would not enter into a House till he had reliev'd him Another cause of these Troubles was the wicked Heresy of the Fratricelli newly started at Durango Many were put to the Wrack upon that account and others Burnt Alonso Mela a Franciscan Fryar the Ring-leader of them fled to Granada with several young Wenches where they liv'd lewdly among the Moors but at last he was put to Death by them This Man had a Brother call'd John Mela then Bishop of Zamora and afterwards a Cardinal In Portugal about the end of October dy'd Prince John the King's Uncle aged 43 years He was Constable and Master of Santiago By his Wife the Lady Elizabeth Daughter to his Brother D. Alonso Duke of Bragança he left a Son called James who inherited his Honours and Three Daughters Elizabeth Beatrix and Philippa from whom sprang great Princes D. Alvaro de Luna resided at Escalona and contriv'd to regain his former Power His Brother the Archbishop of Toledo dy'd at Talavera on the 4th of February which was a great Loss to him There only remain'd D. Roderick de Luna his second Cousin whom afterwards he promoted to the Archbishoprick of Santiago In that Confusion of times every noble Man seized upon what he could get and among them Peter Xuarez secur'd Talavera scarce admitting the King who came to quel those Disorders The Archbishop was bury'd in a beautiful Chappel of the Cathedral built by D. Alvaro After much Contention D. Gutierre de Toledo Archbishop of Sevil was promoted to the See of Toledo He was a Man too upright for those times and enjoy'd that Dignity but three Years The Bishop of Oviedo was Translated to Sevil he of Orense to Oviedo To conclude the Bishoprick of Orense was given in Commendam to John de Torquemada a Dominican afterwards Cardinal of S. Sixtus a Person of great Learning as appears by his Works His Contemporary was Alonso Tostado born at Madrigal renowned for his many Writings He came in process of time to be Bishop of Avila At Siena in Tuscany he put up several Propositions in Divinity offering to defend them in the Schools Some of them were dislik'd and the Cardinal Torquemada writ against him Tostado answered him not sparing the Pope's Authority to defend his Opinions He dy'd on the 3d of September 1455. The End of the One and Twentieth Book THE History of SPAIN The Two and Twentieth BOOK CHAP. I. The Success of the Aragonians in Italy The Rebellion in Castile The Death of the Queens of Portugal and Castile The Battle of Olmedo and Death of Prince Henry of Aragon THE Affairs of the Spaniards succeeded better in Italy than in Spain There was no great Difference betwixt the Castilians and Aragonians but their Fortune was different according to the Quality of them that govern'd The King of Aragon was an active and ambitious Prince and spar'd no Labour to advance his Glory Besides his Goodness and Bounty gain'd him the Affections of all his Subjects as well Italians as Aragonians In Castile the Power of D. Alvaro continu'd tho his Person was remov'd The King of Navarre endeavour'd net to redress what was amiss but to make himself Master of the King who always left the Government to another The King of Castile had some good Qualities but the bad were more prevalent He was addicted to Poetry and Musick and had a Genius that way lov'd Hunting and Sports but could not endure Business and therefore gave little attention to it and answer'd short His first Minister did what he would in his Name The King of Aragon having taken Naples and subdu'd all the Faction of Anjou on the 26th of February 1443 entred that City in Triumph after the manner of the antient Romans on a Chariot drawn by 4 White Horses another of the same sort being led before him All the Nobility and Gentry of the Kingdom follow'd the Chariot afoot and the Clergy went before singing Praises to Almighty God The People with loud Acclamations wished him a long and happy Reign He would not be crown'd saying That Honour was due to the Saints who assisted him to gain the Victory All the Streets were strew'd with Flowers and richly hung and all Places full of sweet Odours It only remain'd to gain Pope Eugenius with whom a Treaty was set afoot at Siena where he then was On the 15th of July they agreed upon these Articles That the Kingdom of Naples should remain to the King of Aragon and after him to his Son Ferdinand whom tho Illegitimate he appointed his Heir as to that Crown only That the King of Aragon should pay yearly to the Pope 8000 Ounces a sort of Coin then in use That he should endeavour to quel Francis Sforcia who proud that he had marry'd the Duke of Milan's Daughter had gain'd a great part of Marca Ancona The King perform'd more than he had promis'd for he in Person recover'd all Sforcia had taken in Marca Ancona and restor'd it to the Pope Peace was also concluded with the Genoeses they promising every Year whilst the King liv'd to present him with a great Bason of Gold But because this Act was perform'd in the sight of the People as a memorial of his Victory they continu'd it but 4 Years In Castile the King of Navarre using immoderately the Power he had unjustly acquir'd enjoy'd it but a short time He kept the King of Castile Prisoner placing People to watch his Words and Actions The Admiral and
Earl of Benavente nay the Prince of Castile and Queen had a hand in this Practice F. Lope Barrientos Bishop of Avila mov'd by the Wrong done the King and desiring to restore D. Alvaro discour'd John de Pacheco seriously upon the Point and they resolv'd to try whether some of the Nobles had Courage enough to oppose the Princes of Aragon To the end their Designs might be the better conceal'd they advis'd the Prince who was of Council with them to go from Tordesillas to Segovia upon pretence of Hunting Thence they sent Letters to D. Alvaro giving him an Account of what they had done At the same time the Earls of Haro and Ledesma meeting at Curiel had consulted about setting the King at Liberty which oblig'd the Prince to return to Tordesillas to see what could be done But the Princes of Aragon prevented their Designs and forc'd them to fly whence ensu'd new Troubles The King of Navarre was marry'd at Lobaton on the 1st of September 1444 and Prince Henry at Cordova where he was fixing the Interest of his Party James Valera was sent Embassador into France to obtain Liberty for the Earl of Armagnac secur'd by the Dauphin and for Martin Son to D. Alonso Earl of Gijon He was accus'd of holding Correspondence with the English and set at Liberty upon Condition that if ever he was found faulty he should forfeit the Towns of Ribadeo and Cangas in Asturias Besides the King of Castile oblig'd himself in such Case to make War with the Forces of Biscay that bordered on his Dominions At the same time some dealt with Henry Prince of Castile about destroying of D. Alvaro and others about restoring him Bishop Barrientos and John Pacheco thought fit to dispatch before they were discover'd and to that purpose held the King of Navarre in hand as if they design'd to joyn with him Mean while Prince Henry return'd to Segovia and thence sollicited the Earls of Haro Plasencia and Castaneda to unite their Forces with his Besides them the Earl of Alva the Archbishop of Toledo and Lord of Hita took party with them This done thinking themselves strong enough for the Princes of Aragon by the Prince's Order they all went to Avila They had 1500 Horse and D. Alvaro de Luna came to them Their greatest want was of Mony Thence they went to Burgos where the other Nobles their Associates were The Aragonians sent the King to the Town of Portillo with the Earl of Castro to guard him and the King of Navarre gather'd 2000 Horse With this Force he march'd towards the Confederate Nobles who daily grew stronger and near Pampliega in the Territory of Burgos the two Parties drew up Some Religious Persons endeavour'd to compose Differences but a light Skirmish that happen'd drew them to a Battle which was parted by the Night The King of Navarre finding himself too weak retir'd in the dark to Palencia a strong City Another Misfortune was added to this which was that the King of Castile under colour of Hunting made his escape to his Son His Liberty chang'd the Face of Affairs The King of Navarre went to his Kingdom to raise Forces and carry on what he had begun all the other great Men of his Faction went each to his own Lands Thus the Towns belonging to the Princes of Aragon fell into the Hands of the King particularly Medina del Campo Arevalo Olmedo Roa and Aranda Prince Henry of Aragon return'd to his Town of Ocana in Andaluzia Henry Prince of Castile and D. Alvaro march'd after him but he fled to the Kingdom of Murcia there Alonso Faxardo Lieutenant of that Kingdom receiv'd him into the strong City of Lorca he being a favourer of that Party This was about the end of the Year On the 5th of July the same Year dy'd Ferdinand Uncle to the King of Portugal at Fez where he was bury'd Two years after his Body was translated to Aljubarrota his Father's Burial place The Portugueses account him a Saint and say he never had to do with Women nor ever told a Lye Castile seemed to be in a better Condition since the Princes of Aragon were expelled but still a War was fear'd The Cortes met at Medina del Campo and order'd some Mony for the War but not enough Thither came the Prince of Castile and D. Alvaro de Luna after they had taken from Prince Henry several Towns belonging to him as Master of the Order of Santiago Warlike Preparations were made The King of Navarre made an Incursion into the Kingdom of Toledo with 400 Horse and 600 Foot by the way of Atiença in which he had a Garrison This Number tho small was formidable because some of the People were for him and others stood Neuters so he easily made himself Master of Torija Alcala de Henares and other places The King of Castile gathering what Force he had march'd to Espinar to wait there till other Troops joyn'd him Soon after this on the 18th of February 1445 dy'd Queen Ellenor of Portugal at Toledo and a few days after Mary Queen of Castile follow'd her ending her days at Villacastin near Segovia It was suspected they were poison'd because both dy'd so near the same time and suddenly also because Queen Mary's Body was full of Spots This Report was the easier credited because they lived a loose Life From Espinar the King went to Madrid and soon after to Alcala being invited thither by the Inhabitants The King of Navarre lay with his Forces thereabouts and being joyn'd by his Brother Henry was now 1500 Horse strong With this Body he kept himself in the Mountains of Old Alcala resolving not to fight without the Advantage of Ground he being too weak in Numbers Thence he sent Ferrer de Lanuza Justice of Aragon to his Brother the King of Aragon to desire him since the War of Naples was ended to come into Spain either to attend the War or compose the Differences The King of Castile also sent to complain to him of his Brothers There was no Action at Alcala and the Princes of Aragon by the way of Tablada hasted away to Arevalo The King of Castile follow'd close at their Heels so that both came the same day to Arevalo The King of Navarre took Olmedo by force and put to Death the loyal Party that had shut the Gates upon him About half a League from Olmedo near the Mills call'd de los Abades the King of Castile intrench'd with 2000 Horse and the like Number of Foot There his Son Henry D. Alvaro John Pacheco In̄igo Lopez de Mendoça the Earl of Alva and Bishop Barrientos joyn'd him On the other side the Admiral the Earl of Benavente the Brothers Peter Ferdinand and James Quin̄ones the Earl of Castro and John de Tovar brought a 1000 Horse to the Aragonians By the Contrivance of Bishop Barrientos a treaty was set on Foot to amuse the Rebels till the Master of Alcantara joyn'd the King He being
by the Atagonians 1424. Affairs of Aragon unsuccesful at Naples 1425. Prince Henry of Castile born Victory obtain'd by the Queen of Naples Accord betwixt Castile and Aragon Charles K. of Navarre dies K. John proclaim'd Factions in Castile 1426. Conspiracy against D. Alvaro de Luna Conspiracy of the Nobles 1427. D. Alvaro de Luna banish'd the Court. The K. of Granada expelled by his Subjects Strange Fondness betwixt the King and D. Alvaro de Luna 1428. The Family of Davalos Fidelity of a Servant D. Alvaro de Luna returns to Court Peter Infante of Portugal a great Traer The banish'd K. of Granada restored Preparations for a War in Aragon A Synod at Taragena and end of the Schism in the Church War betwixt Castile Aragon and Navarre Peace concluded 1429. King John of Navarre crowned A new Breach of the Peace King John of Castile breaks into Aragon Aragonians invade Castile Truxillo recovered by a strange Contrivance Estates of the Princes of Aragon in Castile confiscated Truce for 5 Years War with the Moors Mighty Floods 1431. 1431. Pope Martin the V. dies Eugenius the IV. succeeds him A great Earthquake King John of Castile invades Granada Drives the Moors into that City Gives them a great overthrow Battle De la Higuera or the Fig tree Peace betwixt Castile and Portugal 1432. Mahomet K. of Granada again expell'd and restor'd The Aragonians decline at Naples Alonso K. of Aragon again invited to Naples He overthrows the Moors in Africk Differences betwixt Castile and Aragon composed Apparitions in the Air and other Prodigles 1433. K. John of Portugal dies His Son Edward succeeds him Council of Basil 1434. End of the Earl of Luna Pope Eugenius expelled Rome by the People Nobility of Naples favour the Aragonians Joanna Q. of Naples dies 1435. Great Floods in Castile Slaughter of the Christians A small Body of Christians defeats a great one of Moors Progress of the Aragonians at Naples A Sea fight the Aragonians defeated by the Genoeses Kings of Aragon Navarre Prisoners Generosity of the Duke of Milan Kings of Aragon Navarre set at Liberty 1436. Genoeses rebel and joyn with Pope Euganius the Duke of Anjou Confederacy against the Aragonians Castile Aragon make Peace Earl of Vrgel dies A violent Winter 1437. Fatal overthrow of the Portugueses in Africk Ferdinand Infante of Portugal left a Hostage with the Moors Troubles of Castile and in the Church 1438. Duke of Anjou in Naples Naples besieg'd by the Aragonians Plague in Portugal K. Edward dyes Conspiracy to destroy D. Alvaro de Luna 1439. Princes of Aragon joyn with the Rebels of Castile Agreement betwixt the King of Castile and the Rebels Pope Eugenius deposed Felix V. chosen New Commotions in Castile 1440. Progress of the Rebellion in Castile 1441. Charles the II. K. of Navarre K. John of Castile made a Prisoner by the Rebels Progress of the War in Naples Naples taken by the Aragonians 1442. Rebellion in Biscay Famous Men about this time in Spain Success of the Aragonians at Naples 1443. A Plot to rescue the K. John 1444. K. John of Castile makes his escape Queens of Castile Portugal dye 1445. Battle of Olmedo Affairs of Naples Mahomet K. of Granada imprison'd Prince of Castile Rebels D. Alvaro de Luna chosen Master of the Order of Santiago 1446. Towns taken by the Moors 1447. The Florentine War Castile Aragon still at variance 1448. Conspirators apprehended Others fly Earl of Benavente escapes and raises new Troubles Affairs of Portugal 1449. Mutiny in Toledo 1449. Nobility of Castile supported in Rebellion by the K. of Navarre The Moors ravage Andaluzia Prince Henry of Castile reconciled to his Father 1450. Mutiny at Segovia Embassies to the K. of Aragon for aid against the Turks 1451. Decay of the K. of Navarre's Power Two Factions in Navarre 1452. Two defeats of the Moors D. Alvaro de Luna his Character and fatal End 1453. Constantinople taken by the Turks K. of Granada deposed Cruzados first coined in Portugal Designs of K. John of Castile Cape of Good Hope discovered K. John of Castile dies 1454. Henry the IV. proclaimed K. of Castile 1455. K. Henry how disposed War in Italy Pope Nicholas dies Calixtus chosen Henry of Castile ravages the Territories of the Moors marries Joanna Sister to the K. of Portugal A Conspiracy against K. Henry 1456. Broils in Navarre Biscay 1451. The Prince of Viana flies to Naples Interview of the Kings of Castile Navarre Country of the Moors wasted 1458. Alonso the 5th King of Aragon dies at Naples New War in Naples Henry of Castile raises mean Persons in Opposition to the Nobility Alcacar in Africk taken by the Portugueses 1459. Grounds of new Troubles in Castile Prodigies General Council at Mantua War at Naples betwixt the Aragonians and House of Anjou Scanderbeg comes to the Assistance of Ferdinand King of Naples 1460. The Moors of Granada break the Peace Rebellion of Catalonia 1461. Civil War in Navarre Charles Prince of Viana dies A Friat stirs up the People of Navarre to Rebellion 1462. K. Henry of Castile proclaimed Earl of Barcelona by the Rebels 1463. Conference of the Kings of France and Castile Mutiny about Taxes 1464. Rebels of Castile join with the King of Aragon D. Beltran de la Cueva the Favourite created Duke Proceedings of the Rebels in Catalonia Overthrow of the Rebels 1465. Troubles increase in Castile A most Villanous Action of the Castilian Rebels Rebels Disband 1466. Confusions in Castile Peter the pretended Earl of Barcelona dies Rebels in Catalonia choose the Duke of Anjou for their King 1467. Olmedo doubtful Fight of the King with the Rebels 1468. The Popes Legate Affronted by the Rebels The Rebels Excommunicated John Duke of Lorrain in Catalonia for his Father Some Rebles submit but fresh troubles ensue in Castile A Prodigy 1469. Rebels reduced Rebellious Moors defeated A Bishop murdered Ferdinand King of Sicily marries Elizabesh Sister to the King of Castile 1470. Difference betwixt the Knights of Alcantara and their Master Confusion in Biscay Joanna Princess of Castile Contracted to the Duke of Guienne Troubles in Aragon Sardinia and Navarre 1471. Method of reducing the Rebellious Prelates Mutiny at Toledo and Sevil. Pope Paul II. dies Sixtus IV. chosen Tangier and Arzila taken by the King of Portugal Catalonia reduced 1472. Kings of Portugal and Castile meet The Master of Santiago strengthens himself against his Enemies Barcelona surrendred to the King of Aragon 1473. Reception of a Legate in Castile Evil Practices of the Legate Prince of Segorve comes into Castile Signal Loyalty of Peter de Peralta All Spain in Peace except Castile Elizabeth Sister to the King of Castile her Traiterous Practises A Synod of Bishops at Aranda Counterfeit Reconciliation of the Princess Elizabeth to the King her Brother 1474. King Henry of Castile supposed to be Poisoned Elizabeth the King's Sister openly aspires to the Crown The Master of Santiage dies
the Enemies others say he was struck by the Martyr St. Mercurius with a Spear which was then found bloody upon his Tomb. He lived 32 Years and Reign'd one year 7 months and 27 days The whole Army upon his death offered the Empire to Flavius Jovianus a Person of very Excellent parts who refused it saying He was a Christian and would not govern those wh owere not such but they all declaring themselves to be Christians he condescended to their request Being invested in the Imperial dignity he made peace with the Persians tho' not advantageous yet such as was requisite to deliver himself and Army from the danger into which the rashness of Julian had run them Catholicks were restored to their honours and dignities the revenues to Churches St. Athanasius and others recalled from banishment and all things seemed to be again in a flourishing Condition but this happiness was not to be lasting for the Emperor in his way to Rome betwixt Galatia and Bithynia was stifled to death by a pan of Coals that was left in the Room where he lay which was newly whitened He dyed at the Age of 40 Years and Reigned only 7 months and 22 days By him it was made death to offer wrong to any Virgin consecrated to God tho' upon pretence of Matrimony Flavius Valentinianus an Hungarian succeeded Jovianus His first education had been mean but being Wise and Valiant he ran through all Commands in the Army at length attained to be prefect of the Pretorian Bands was by the Army chosen Emperor and proved always a zealous Christian as appeared in the time of the Emperor Julian when for refusing to deny his Religion and giving a Box on the Ear to a Pagan Sexton that sprinkled him with their Lustral or cleansing Water he quitted the â—ngulum which was laying down his Commission As soon as elected he appointed his Brother Valens his Companion in the Empire to govern the East and went away himself to Italy where with much zeal he quieted the City or Rome than in an uproar about choosing a Pope For the Electors being divided upon the Death of Liberius one party had named Vrsinus but the more Numerous and better made Chose of Damasus a Spaniard some will have him born at Egita now Guimaraens in Portugal betŵixt the Rivers Duero and MinÌ„o others at Tarragona and others at Madrid Certain it is he was a Spaniard and a Person excellently qualifyed Upon this occasion there hap'ned so great a Mutiny that as Ammianus Marcellinus a Heathen Author who lived at that time relates it 137 Men were killed one day in the Church of Sicininum and the same Author blames the Popes for going in Coaches and making more than Kingly Banquets The Emperor quieted this Tumult sending Vrsinus to be Bishop of Naples Yet the contrary party desisted not but accused Damasus of Adultery and obliged him to call a Council of Bishops to clear himself He declared the Council of Ariminum to be void and of no force as gathered without the consent of the Pope deposed Auxentius Bishop of Milan as being an Arrian ordered the Psalms of David should be Song in Churches with the verse Gloria patri c. at the end instituted saying the Confiteor at the beginning of Mass built two Churches at Rome the one in honour of St. Laurence the other of St. Peter and Paul ad Catacumbas in the Via Ardeatina where he buryed his Mother and Sister and was a great Friend to St. Hierom whom he much resembled in his Life and Learning The Empire was not altogether in a peaceable Condition for in the East one Procopius a Kinsman of Julian called himself Emperor and raised new troubles Valens presently moved towards and overcame him in Phrygia where he was deliver'd up to him by his own Men. At the same time Valentinian was succeessful in the War against the Germans and Saxons which is the first time any mention is made of the latter in the Roman History Besides he drove the Goths out of Thracia and Persians out of Siria checked the Scots who made iucursions into England And the Sarmatians who infested Pannonia He was an excellent Emperor had he not sullied his fame by marrying Justina a Lady belonging to his Wife Severa she being still alive and what is worse made a Law by which all Men were permitted to have two Wives Marcellinus says he gave Liberty of Conscience to all Men to live in what Religigion the pleased He dyed at Brigecium a Town in Germany where he was busy making War upon the Quadi having Reigned 11 Years 8 Months and 22 days his Death was on the 17th of November 375. By his Wife Severa he left Gratianus and Valentinian by Justina Valens in the East persecuted the Catholicks his Wife Dominica and Eudoxus Bishop of Constantinople by whom he was baptized after the manner of the Arrians distracted him to such a degree that he had resolved at the City Edessa to enter the Church with Armed Men to disturb the People that were there Celebrating the Divine Service But Modestus Governour of the City diverted him from putting it in Execution for he told him that upon the rumouring of this his intention more People than ordinary were gathered in the Church with such a resolution to suffer death for their Religion that a Woman half undrest for hast led a child she had thither least either herself or he might miss the Opportunity of sheding their blood for the Faith Hereupon Valens gave over that design but banished many Priests among others Eusebius Bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia as famous for his resolution and constancy as the other of Caesarea in Palestine for his Learning and Writings The great St. Basil succeeded him of Cappadocia in the Bishoprick and had enough to do with the Emperor Jamblichus the Master of Proclus had great influence over Valens he taught him the way to find out the name of him that was to succced in the Empire which the Emperor much desired The manner was thus they writ all the Letters of the Alphabet upon the ground and placed on every one a grain of Corn then turning loose a Cock whilst the diviner muttered some words they observed which Letters the Cock eat the corn off first and those they supposed to express the name sought for Another way was to blind a Man and observe the Letters he pointed to Foolish and vain inventions However by those means they found out the name Theodosius whence the Emperor Valens took occasion to Persecute and kill all those whose names began with the same Letters as Theodotus Theodorus and Theodulus Among the rest was slain Honorius Theodosius a Spaniard born at Italica of the Family of the Emperor Trajan This Gentleman had appeased certain tumults in Africk and was therefore raised to be General of Horse and received Baptism before death No human Policy is of force against
against the Moors and eaâ—â—â—â— have the payment of his own Army In this Assembly the Archbishop of Santiago in the Pope's Name propos'd the business of D. Alonso de la Cerda threatning to proceed to Ecclesiastical Censures if he were not satisfy'd D. Alonso now demanded those Towns which he refus'd when offer'd him The Nobility excus'd themselves saying it was against the Oath they had taken to lessen any thing of the King's Patrimony during his Minority All that could be obtain'd was that Ferdinand D. Alonso's younger Brother should be made Lord Steward of the Houshold The Queen went to Cuidad Rodrigo to reconcile her Son-in-Law Prince Alonso to his Father but all in vain The two Princes John and Peter went several ways to Andaluzia Ismael King of Granada to obtain Succours out of Africk gave the King of Morocco Algezira and Ronda with all their Dependencies Prince Peter took Tiscar a strong and populous Town Mahomet Andon whose the Town was surrender'd the Castle Prince John extravagantly ambitious of Honour resolv'd to march up to the Walls of Granada a rash design considering the great Heat of the Season At Alcaudete the two Princes joyn'd their Forces which consisted of 9000 Horse and a great number of Foot They march'd into the Enemies Country destroying all before them Prince John led the Van and Prince Peter brought up the Reer They took the Town of Alora but being in great haste did not make themselves Masters of the Castle On a Saturday being the Eve of Midsummer-day they appear'd in sight of Granada and rested there the next day The 3d day perceiving what Difficulties surrounded them they began to retire Prince Peter in the Van and Prince John in the Reer with the Baggage The Moors hearing of their Retreat Sally'd out of Granada to the number of 5000 Horse and a multitude of Foot under the Command of Ozmin Their design was only to stick upon our Reer without hazarding a Battel In the Heat of the day our Men were far from the River and wanted Water Hereupon the Moors charg'd them with great Fury and hideous Cries Prince Peter hearing the Noise Fac'd about to succour those that Fought The Soldiers were dispers'd and Fainting with the Heat whom the Prince endeavouring to encourage and bring on opprest with Labour and the Fury of the scorching Sun he fainted away and dy'd without any assistance The same befell Prince John who yet sensless liv'd till Night This News being spread abroad the Soldiers drew themselves into a Close Body and the Moors having plunder'd the Baggage retir'd Night sav'd many of the Christians The Bodies of the Princes were bury'd at Burgos Prince John left a Son of the same Name call'd also One-ey'd because he was really so His Inclinations were no better than his Presence Mary Wife to Prince Peter was deliver'd at Cordova of a Daughter call'd Blanch the Education of whom and the Care of her Estate Garcilasso de la Vega a great Friend of her Fathers took upon him New Troubles ensu'd in Castile upon the Death of the Princes every one striving to have the greatest share in the Government At the same time Aragon was disturb'd upon a very extraordinary occasion D. Jayme the King's eldest Son had resolv'd to renounce and resign his Right and Title to the Inheritance of that Crown His Father us'd all possible Arguments to disswade him but all to no purpose Therefore on the 23th of November before the Cortes or Parliament then assembled at Tarragona he made a publick act of Resignation That done he took the Habit of Calatrava and soon after that of Montesa The Lady Ellenor who had been Contracted to him was sent back a Maid into Castile His loose manner of Life was a sufficient proof that it was not Virtue but weakness and inconstancy that mov'd him to refuse a Kingdom D. Alonso his second Brother succeeded in the Title to the Crown and had at â—â—â—t time by his Wife the Lady Teresa a young Son call'd Peter born the 7th Month. This Ladys Portion was the Earldom of Vrgel left her by her great Uncle Armengaud Brother to her Grandmother The Moors incourag'd by their last Success took Huescar Orles and Galera Towns belonging to the Knights of Santiago Besides they made themselves Masters of Martos a very strong place where they spar'd neither Sex nor Age some Christians sav'd themselves upon a Rock near the Town and in the Castle Castile was full of Confusion caus'd by the many Competitors to the Government Queen Mary according to what had been agree'd some years before pretended it belong'd to her alone and sent her Letters to all Places exhorting the People to stick by her Being a Womâ—â— she was look'd upon as too weak to undergo so great a Burthen and many strove to raise themselves to the supream Power Among these the chief was Prince Philip the King's Uncle D. John Manuel and the other D. John who had but one Eye and was Lord of Biscay all powerful Men of the Blood Royal These were all put into Power not by publick Consent but in part as every ones Interest lay Several Assemblies of Provinces were held the result was that Andaluzia chose Prince Philip for their Governour The Kingdom of Toledo and Estremadura elected D. John Manuel most part of old Castile stood by D. John Lord of Biscay These things were not lasting but at every foot the Governours were chang'd as the Peoples Minds alter'd which caus'd an unspeakable Confusion D. Ferdinand de la Cerda had no great Interest and was suspected by all Men he resolv'd to joyn with D. John the Lord of Biscay This was the condition of Castile in the Year 1320. The same Year Prince John the King of Aragon's third Son was consecrated Arch-Bishop of Toledo at Lerida Queen Mary was somewhat jealous of that Prince but the Pope by his Letters assur'd her he would do all things in her Favour The new Arch-Bishop had great Disputes with the Prelates of that Kingdom about carrying his Cross through their Diocesses and he persisting to do so the Arch-Bishop of Zaragoça excommunicated him and shut up all the Churches This he did relying on a Decree of the Prelates of that Kingdom by which they declare any Bishop excommunicate that shall carry his Cross in the Diocess of another The King of Aragon was highly offended at it and wrote to the Pope Letters full of Passion and Threats and had perhaps gone farther but that he was disswaded by his Friends The Pope's Answer was Ambiguous for he blam'd the Arch-Bishop of Zaragoça yet order'd him of Toledo to be absolv'd of the Excommunication lest it might have been just The new Prelate being come to Toledo behav'd himself in such manner towards D. John Manuel who was marry'd to his elder Sister Constance that all Apprehensions of his favouring him ceas'd He would by no means suffer him to receive the King's
upon that Design Soon after two others being put to the Wrack confess'd the same Both the Moorish Kings desir'd to relieve the Town He of Morocco durst not leave Ceuta for fear his Son Abderhaman should Rebel who about this time was put to Death for attempting it The King of 〈…〉 durst not alone hazard a Battle but lest he should be thought to be Idle sent part of his Forces to over-run the Country of Ezija whilst he Burnt Palma a Town seated upon the Conflux of the Rivers Xenil and Gaudalquivir He durst not Garrison it nor make any stay there hearing the Country was gathering to make Head against him His other Forces were defeated by Ferdinand de Aguilar who took from them all the Booty they had gather'd It was now the beginning of the Year 1343 and nothing considerable was done at Algezira only some Works were carry'd on by In̄iga Lopez de Horosco wooden Towers were apply'd to the Walls and other Engines play'd but all was destroy'd with Stones cast by the Defendants The Place was unfit for advancing of Works or for the Men to ascend In the Streight of Gibraltar there are two Bays of the same Form but one bigger than the other Tarifa stands upon the Lesser and Algezira over the Greater upon a steep and craggy Hill It is divided into the New and Old each encompass'd with a Wall like two distinct Towns This was then the Seat of the African Empire in Spain No Provision could be convey'd into the Town except a few Boats that stole in by Night which was a small Relief where Hunger began to pinch It was now doubtful whether in were not better to raise the Siege than continue it for the Mony sent by the Pope and King of France was spent and he of Portugal had contributed nothing Some Overtures of Peace were made but took no Effect Therefore the King of Granada advanc'd with his Army as far as the River Guadiarro 5 Leagues from Algezira In Ceuta a great Fleet was ready with the Power of Africk to pass over into Spain These were fresh and the Christians harrass'd yet the King's Resolution and good Fortune overcome all Difficulties Considerable Succours came to him at the same time from England France and Navarre From England the Earls of Derby and Salisbury This Earl of Derby must doubtless be John of Gant 3d Son to King Edward the IIId for it was he had the Title at this time From France the Earl of Faux with his Brother and some others King Philip of Navarre having sent before great store of Provision by Sea and order'd his Army to follow hasted away himself to come time enough for the Battle which was expected would be fought D. John de Lara and D. John Manuel came before and daily fresh Forces arrived from all Parts This increase of the Christian Army terrify'd the Moors and they propos'd a Truce Notwithstanding the Treaty the Town was batter'd and the besieg'd did great harm among the Christians with Iron Bullets they shot This is the first time we find any mention of Gun-powder and Ball in our Histories In the Month of August in the County of Vrgel a Child was born with two Heads and four Legs The Superstitious People bury'd it alive and the Parents suffer'd Death for consenting to that Act. This year also dy'd Robert King of Naples At Algezira when Autumn came on the foreign Souldiers went away the English pretended they were call'd home by their King the Earl of Faux said his Men complain'd of the Pay But Sickness was the chief Motive of their Departure and the Earl of 〈…〉 dy'd at Sevil King Philip of Navarre at Xerez both in the Month of September their 〈…〉 were carry'd into their Countries The Departure of those Princes encourag'd the 〈…〉 hazard a Battle 60 Galleys of theirs which in October had Anchor'd at Estepona pass 〈…〉 to Gibraltar The River Palmones parted the two Armies both Parties several times meeting in that River at last they came to a Battle in which the Moors shew'd no Bravery but presently fled Hunger press'd in the City for our Fleet had taken two Galleys of theirs carrying in Provisions Five Barques got in at the beginning of the Year 1344 and they returning to Africk gave an Account that the besieg'd could hold out no longer Presently after a Treaty was set on Foot and on the 26th of March the City was deliver'd upon the following Conditions That the King of Granada pay the usual Tribute That the besieg'd have leave to depart and carry away their Goods That there be a Truce for the term of Ten Years Many of the Moors went over into Africk The King enter'd the City in solemn Procession on the 27th of March the great Mosque was consecrated and the Country divided among the Souldiers who were willing to live there This done the King went to Sevil where he receiv'd an Embassy from King Edward of England offering his Daughter Joanna in Marriage to France Peter the Heir of Castile This offer was then accepted of yet afterwards took no effect In the late Battle of Tarifa two Daughters of Albohacen were taken Prisoners and now sent to him without any Ransom but he return'd rich Presents Great rejoycing was throughout all Spain and the Churches resounded with Thanksgiving CHAP VI. The King of Aragon conquers Majorca and all its Dominions Great Troubles in Aragon The Rebels suppress'd An Vniversal Plague The Knights of Calatrava at Variance at length reconcil'd DUring the time of the War in Andaluzia the King of Majorca was depriv'd of his Kingdom by Peter the Ceremonious King of Aragon who ought chiefly to have protected him The City Montpellier in France was subject to the Kings of Majorca for which place the Kings of France pretended the others ought to do them Homage they having bought it of the Bishops of Magalone to whom of right it belong'd but those Kings refusing the French by force made themselves Masters of many Towns subject to Montpellier and put Garrisons into them The King of Majorca being a Dependant on the Crown of Aragon begg'd assistance of that King The Aragonian cunningly temporiz'd with the King of France and gave the other nothing but good Words At length they met and the Aragonian promis'd to aid his Kinsman in case the King of France should refuse to put the Difference between them to Judgment Embassadors were sent on this Message but this was only to gain time or mean while the King of Majorca was charg'd with many Crimes whether true or false is not known but such as serv'd for a pretence to deprive him of his Crown The Pope and Queen of Naples labour'd in vain to compose these Differences the Mallorquines wasted with heavy Taxes were willing to change their Master At length the War broke out Peter Moncada the Admiral was call'd from the Siege of Algezira and a Fleet of 116 Sail
Rojas two Men of Note Some others he imprison'd John Fernandez de Hinestrosa was let out of Prison at Toro up-upon parole that he would return if he did not appease the King but he broke his Word Henry and Frederick the King's Bastard-brothers seiz'd the City Toledo rob'd all the Jews and murder'd about 1000 of them but the King coming upon them before they were provided to make resistance they were forc'd to fly for their lives The King reveng'd himself upon the Town executing some Gentlemen and Twenty two of the Commonalty Among those condemn'd was a Goldsmith Eighty Years of Age a Son of his of Eighteen Years old offer'd to die for him and the King accepted of the Exchange Peter Gomez Barroso Bishop of Siguença was imprison'd for favouring the Towns-men and Queen Blanch sent to the Castle of Siguença Toledo being subdu'd the King went about to reduce the other Cities Cuenca shut the Gates against him and being a strong place he would not use Violence D. Sancho another Bastard-brother of the Kings was bred there under the care of Alvar Garcia de Albornoz who fled with him into Aragon Toro was besieged within it were the Queen Mother D. Henry D. Frederick D. Peter Estevanez Carpintero who call'd himself Master of Calatrava with the best Forces of the Association During the Siege Da. Maria de Padilla was delivered at Tordisillas of a third Daughter call'd Elizabth D. John de Padilla Master of Santiago was kill'd in a Skirmish with a party of Rebels The King would not bestow that Honour leaving it as a Bait to attract D. Frederik to his Service Pope Innocent sent the Cardinal of Bolonia to compose the Differences but he effected nothing only obtaining that Bishop Peter Gomez Barroso should be released Count Henry fled from Toro to Galicia D. Frederick went over to the King Lastly on the 5th of January 1356 one of the Towns-men who had the Guard of a Gate gave the King entrance The King being Master of the City caus'd Peter Estevanez Carpintero Ruy Gonzalez de CastanÌ„eda and other great Men to be put to death in the Queen's presence She fainted away at the sight and coming to her self loudly curs'd the King her Son and soon after with his leave went away into Portugal where she liv'd as lendly as she had done before There having an Intrigue with D. Martin Tello a Portugues Gentleman she was poison'd by the King her Brother Some say it was by her Father King Alonso the IVth The King of Castile went to Tordesillas and there had a Turneament for Joy of his success Next Morning he caus'd two of D. Fredericks Followers to be put to death which terrify'd their Master but no harm was done him This Year there was a great Earth-quake which did most harm to the Maritmie Towns At Sevil the Iron Apples that were upon the Steeple fell down and the Chappel-Royal newly finish'd by King Alonso at Lisbon was destroy'd This was look'd upon as Ominous and Processions were made to appease the divine Wrath. After the taking of Toro Count Henry fled into Biscay to his Brother Tello who made his Party Good and twice defeated the King's Forces Thence he went by Sea to Rochel in France At the same time the King of France surpris'd and made Prisoner him of Navarre as he was at a Feast with the Dauphin at Roan in Normandy He was accus'd of Treason for favouring the English being a Subject to France Thus the Spaniards residing in France were divided Count Henry receiv'd Pay of the King of France and Philip the King of Navarre's Brother joyn'd withe English in Normandy The Earl of Faux did the same offended at the wrong done to that King his Brother-in-Law Thus great Revolutions and Bloody Wars threaten'd France and Spain at the same time The End of the Sixteenth Book THE History of SPAIN The Seventeenth BOOK CHAP. I. The beginning of the War in Aragon Many Rebellious Nobles in Castile put to Death The War between Castile and Aragon carried on by Sea and Land VVE shall now write of a War betwixt two Kingdoms Ally'd by several Marriages A War bloody and destructive which consum'd many Noble Persons and lastly him that began it giving a new Race of Kings to Castile and restoring Peace The motives of this War consider'd singly and apart were inconsiderable but concurring all together made a mighty Flood of Discontents Both the Kings of Castile and Aragon were Princes of high Spirits alike in Conditions and harshness of Nature yet he of Castile as the younger was hottest The Aragonian complain'd that the Castilian countenanc'd his Brothers in raising Seditions in his Kingdom and was offended that his Brother Ferdinand had put Castilian Garrisons into his Forts of Alicant and Orihuela The King of Castile was incens'd for that the Galleys of Aragon had taken certain Ships laden with Corn at the mouth of Guadalquivir which made the want there was before more grievous besides that the Out-laws of Castile were protected in Aragon and also that the Aragonian Knights of Calatrava and Santiago would not obey their Masters in Castile Another new Complaint was added to all these which was That the King having reduc'd Castile went to Sevil and thence for his Diversion in a Galley to â—ee the Fishery at Almadravas near S. Lucar Two Ships lay then at Anchor in that Port Ten Galleys of Aragon bound to the Assistance of the French against the English Coasting that way spy'd those two Ships and carry'd them away before the King's Face This was a hainous Affront and Gutierre de Toledo was sent to demand satisfaction The Aragonian Commander answer'd that those Ships belong'd to Genoeses with whom they were then at War and might therefore lawfully be made Prize Having receiv'd this positive Answer from the Admiral the King of Castile sent Giles Velazquez de Segovia Embassador into Aragon to demand Restitution of the Ships taken and that the Commander of the Galleys should be deliver'd up to him At that time the King of Aragon was fitting out a Fleet at Barcelona to subdue the Rebels of Sardinia and therefore return'd a favourable Answer saying He would give Satisfaction to the King of Castile would banish his Fugitive Subjects out of Aragon and punish the Admiral at his Return But as for the Knights of Santiago and Calatrava that they being Religious Men he would stand by whatsoever the Pope should decree in that case Giles Velazquez was not satisfy'd with this Answer and therefore in his King's Name declar'd War The King of Aragon reply'd he thought there was no sufficient ground for a War and therefore would not commence it but did not doubt if invaded to repulse it Thus the War broke out Many Catalonian Merchants resided at Sevil in a moment they were all secur'd and their Effects seiz'd upon Both Kingdoms made Preparations and endeavour'd to obtain Foreign Aids Particularly Luis Brother to
equipp'd to the Assistance of the King of Tremecen his Ally They met 5 Galleys of Castile which took and carry'd them to Sevil there many of them with their Commander Mathew Merzero were put to Death by the King's Order Samuel Levi a Jew was the King's Treasurer and had the diposal of all the Revenue whereby he gather'd great Riches which now prov'd his Ruin He was accus'd of many Frauds and being put to the Wrack dy'd upon it The King seiz'd upon his Estate valu'd at 400000 Ducats others say more besides Moveables and Jewels At the end of this Year Mahomet Lagus was expell'd his Kingdom by his own Subjects Mahomet Aben Alhamar was set up in his Place and from the Colour of his Hair and Beard call'd the Red. They said the Crowa appertain'd to him as being descended of the Antient Kings of Granada Hence ensu'd new Wars for the King of Castile was a Friend to him that was depos'd who fled to Ronda a Town belonging to the King of Morocco The King of Castile resolv'd to stand by his old Friend On the other side the new King to strengthen himself sought the Friendship of the Aragonian which and calling King Abohanen out of Africk cost him his Life At the end of this Year the Lady Constance Daughter to the King of Aragon was sent into Sicily to be marry'd to King Frederick Olfo Prochita Governour of the Island Sardinia commanded the Fleet that carry'd her The Marriage was celebrated on the 11th of April 1361 at Catanea From that time the Affairs of the Island began to be more Successful the Neopolitans being vanquish'd and expell'd the Kingdom Of this Queen was born the Lady Mary who was afterwards Queen of Aragon and had in Dower the Kingdom of Sicily At length by the Industry of the Cardinal Legate Peace was concluded in Castile yet so that none thought it would be lasting The Articles were That all Places taken on both Sides should be restor'd and that the Out-laws of Castile should be expell'd Aragon provided the King pardon'd them On the 18th of May the Peace was Proclaim'd at Deza where the King of Castile was then encamp'd This Peace was forwarded by the fear of the War the King of Granada then made upon Castile For the greater security it was agreed that cautionary Towns on both sides should be put into the Hands of King Charles of Navarre who was then coming out of France into Spain very Joyful for that his Queen had brought him a Son call'd Charles Mean while his Brother Prince Luis Govern'd the Kingdom Peace concluded the King of Aragon went away to Zaragoça and he of Castile to Sevil Count Henry and his Brothers into France hoping to renew the War Many Nobles of Castile were ready to take up Arms upon pretence of protecting Queen Blanch which heightned the King's hatred towards her It was said he caus'd her to be Poison'd in the Prison where he kept her She was doubtless the most unfortunate Queen of Spain There is a report that the King being a Hunting near Medina Sidonia there met him a Shepherd of a terrible Aspect threatning him if he had not Compassion of Queen Blanch and that the King sending presently to see whether it was not some body employ'd by her she was found at Prayers and closely Guarded The Shepherd being releas'd out of Prison was never after seen Doubtless were this a Vision he had never been put into Prison The Lady Elizabeth de Lara Daughter to D. John de Lara was also Poison'd in Prison at Xerez An Historian who stiles himself head Caterer to Queen Ellenor of Castile in certain Commentaries he writ upon what happen'd in his Time says Queen Blanch dy'd at Vren̄a near the City Toro in old Castile This uncertainty as to the Place of her Death makes it appear the manner of it is not so certain tho the Malice of Authors who all humour'd the Success of Henry the Bastard caus'd all Crimes to be laid to his Predecessor Peter because he was Unfortunate The publick Grief for so many Calamities was somewhat asswag'd by the Death of Da. Maria de Padilla who ended her Days at Sevil in July A Woman laying aside her Incontinency in all other Respects worthy to be a Queen Her Funeral-Rites were perform'd throughout the Kingdom with the same Magnificence as if she had been Queen She was bury'd in the Monastery of S. Mary de Estudilla which she built in old Castile The Body of Queen Blanch was deposited in the Cathedral of Tudela by some French Gentlemen who came to the Assistance of Count Henry in order to carry it into France In the Monastery of Dominican Nuns at Toledo there are 3 Tombs one of the Lady Teresa by whom King Peter had a Daughter called Mary who was many Years Prioress in that Monastery and lies in the 2d Tomb. In the 3d are D. Sancho and D. James Sons of King Peter by the Lady Elizabeth At this time the King of Portugal solemnly declar'd in Lisbon that the Children he had by the Lady Agnez de Castro were born in lawful Wedlock and as such capable of inheriting the Crown and as Witnesses of his Marriage he produc'd Giles Bishop of Guardia and Stephen Lovata his Master of the Robes The King and Witnesses made Oath of the Truth of their Assertion in the Presence of all the Nobility and of John Alonso Tello the year before created Earl of Barcelos and was the first that obtain'd that Honour in Portugal Mean while the War of Granada was carry'd on with great Heat The Forces of Castile ravag'd the Territories of the Moors and laid Siege to Antequera formerly call'd Syngilia a strong and well Garrison'd Town whence they were Repuls'd Having wasted the Plain of Granada they return'd Home without performing any memorable Action Soon after 600 Moorish Horse and 2000 Foot broke into the Lieutenancy of Caçorla and took a great Booty of Cattle The Gentry of Jaen and the Neighbouring Places assembling recovered the Prey killing many of the Enemy and putting the rest to Flight A more dangerous War was expected from France which the Cardinal Legate endeavour'd to prevent and to that effect spent the Summer at Pamplona He labour'd to perswade King Peter to pardon the Out-laws of Castile and reverse their Attainder of Treason The King would not hear of it therefore the Cardinal at the Solicitation of the King of Aragon took upon him to declare their Attainder Void This provok'd the King of Castile who resolv'd to take Revenge as soon as he had put an end to the War with the Moors On the 18th of February 1362 the Moors obtain'd a notable Victory over the Christians near Guadix D. James Garcia de Padillu Master of Calatrava and Henry Enriquez Lieutenant of the Frontiers of Jaen with other Gentlemen entred the Moorish Territories with 1000 Horse and 2000 Foot designing to
Cittadel into which the Citizens were retir'd Joseph Abencerrage came from Granada to relieve them but was overthrown and kill'd The Moors being ill affected to King Mahomet and favouring Benalmao Mahomet fled to Malaga and Benalmao was receiv'd into Granada on the first day of the Year 1432. In January the same Year Edward Prince of Portugal had a Son by his Wife the Lady Ellenor called Alonso afterwards famous for the Misfortunes that befel him All the People of Granada endeavoured to signify their Affection to the new King He took an Oath to be always a Friend to Castite and justly pay the Tribute agreed upon But he was of a great Age and therefore his Reign very short for he dy'd the 6th Month after his Accession to the Crown on the 24th of June Thus Mahomet the left-handed was again call'd from Malaga and restor'd to his Kingdom As soon as restor'd he made one Andilbar Governour of Granada instead of Joseph Abencerrage who was kill'd as has been say'd He concluded a Truce for a short time with Castile The Princes of Aragon ceas'd not to disturb the Peace on the Borders of Portugal and the King's Treasure being exhausted he could not withstand so many Enemies which oblig'd him to agree to this Truce Besides he was willing to oblige the King of Tunez who interceded for that King D. Alvaro de Isorna Bishop of Cuenca was sent to endeavour to reduce the Master of Alcantara who sided with the Princes of Aragon but could not prevail upon him Yet soon after some signs of Repentance appearing Dr. Franco was sent on the same Errand But he on a sudden deliver'd the Castle of Alcantara to Prince Peter and the Doctor himself to Prince Henry which render'd him incapable of the King's Mercy and also made him odious to the People as a Man who violated the publick Faith D. Frederick the Admiral and Peter Manrique the Lieutentant with a good Force were order'd to besiege Albuquerque and manage the War against the Princes of Aragon Gutierre de Sotomayor chief Commendary of Alcantara on the first of July at Night surpriz'd Prince Peter in his Bed and deliver'd him up to the King who in reward for this good Service made him Master of Alcantara in the place of his Uncle The Commendaries of the Order met and condemn'd D. John de Sotomayor whereupon D. Gutierre was chosen Master All the Nobles of Castile that had been imprisoned were discharg'd CHAP. IV. The declining posture of the Aragonians at Naples Yet that King is again invited thither and adopted anew by the Queen He agrees with Castile King John of Portugal dies Edward succeeds ALonso King of Aragon returning into Spain as has been said his Party wholly declin'd in Naples His Adversaries grew strong most of the Nobility sided with them and but few inclin'd to the Aragonians Yet they tho too weak to maintain that War undertook another The Family of Fregosa very powerful at Genoa being expell'd thence by Philip Duke of Milan had recourse for succour to Prince Peter who then supported the Interest of the King his Brother in Naples with a very small Power He hoping to make himself Master of that City or at least to be reveng'd on the Duke of Milan for the wrongs done during the late War joyn'd his Forces with the Fregosos and Fliscos and recover'd several places along the Coast of Genoa The Duke fearing to lose Genoa sent Embassadors to Spain promising the King to deliver to him the City Bonifacio the Capital of Corsica for which Island the Aragonians and Genoeses had long contended The King lik'd the Proposals and sent an Embassador into Italy to conclude the Peace Bonisacio could not be deliver'd the Senate of Genoa opposing it but instead of it they gave Portovenere and Letici Prince Peter came from Sicily whither he had return'd put Garrisons into those Places and leaving 6 Galleys with Duke Philip to guard the Coast sail'd away with the rest of the Fleet. Then having plunder'd an Island on the Coast of Africk call'd Circina now Charcana and setled the Affairs of Sicily and Naples he return'd to Spain to assist his Brothers without any hopes of recovering the Kingdom of Naples King Alonso however despair'd not believing the Forces of the Enemy would decay the Minds of the Natives would alter and the Queen her self grow weary of those Guests Nor was he deceiv'd for the Duke of Anjou was sent by the Queen into Calabria with orders to apply himself to the Military Affairs without concerning himself with the Government Caracciolo Seneschal of Naples gave this Advice hoping to draw all the Power into his own Hands and perceiving he was thereby grown odious he invited the King of Aragon into the Kingdom promising to stand by him Antony Vrsino Prince of Taranto a noble Person and ambitious of Honour sollicited the return of the Aragonians These advices mov'd the King of Aragon tho he did not wholly conside in those Men nor would he utterly reject their offers Therefore having fitted out a Fleet of 26 Galleys and 9 great Ships and left the Government of the Kingdom to his Brothers he resolv'd to sail over to Africk there to gain Reputation and be the nearer to his Friends With this design he set sail from Valencia and after touching in Sardinia arriv'd in Sicily The French had besieg'd the strong Castle of Trupia in Calabria and reduc'd it to such extremity that the besieg'd promis'd to surrender if not reliev'd in 20 Days Storms hinder'd the King from coming in time and the Place was deliver'd in his sight At Messina 70 Sail joyn'd the Fleet of Aragon and they altogether steer'd their Course for Gelves an Island on the Coast of Africk It is near to another Island call'd Sitre the lesser and is encompassed with dangerous movable Sands being but four Miles from the Continent full of Inhabitants and a delightful Place On the West it draws nearer the Continent to which it is joyn'd by a Bridge a Mile in length This enterprize was difficult the place being strong and well guarded for Bofferriz King of Tunez having intelligence of the Design was come thither to defend it At first landing the Aragonians took the Bridge and overthrew the Moors forcing them to retire to their Camp which also they enter'd and after a hot Dispute near the King's Tent put them again to flight The slaughter was not great nor the Booty but 20 pieces of Cannon were taken Nevertheless they could not make themselves Masters of the Island for the Islanders spent much time in capitulating till as they had design'd the Fleet for want of Provisions was forc'd to return to Messina There it was consulted how to recover Naples To forward this Design it happen'd that John Carracciolo was murder'd by the Contrivance of Corbella Rufa Wife to Antony Mariano Duke of Sessa she being the next to him in the Queen's Favour and
come the King's Forces offer'd Battle but the Aragonians were too weak to fight and too ill provided to endure a Siege Therefore they sent Commissioners to inform the King they were ready to submit to him provided D. Alvaro were remov'd The King only answer'd he would consider of it Whilst they were treating of Peace they came accidentally to a Battle upon Wedensday the 19th of May. Henry Prince of Castile being a hot Youth advanc'd with 50 Horse to draw out the Enemy to Skirmish A like number came out of the Town but back'd by Men at Arms. Those with the Prince seeing a great Number fled the Aragonians pursuing them up to their very Trenches Upon this the Royalists drew out D. Alvaro led the Van the Bishop of Siguença Peter de Acun̄a In̄igo Lopez de Mendoça and the Earl of Alva commanded the Men at Arms upon the Flanks In the main Body was Prince Henry with 550 Men at Arms under the Command of the Master of Alcantara The King the Archbishop of Toledo and other noble Men brought up the Rear In this Order they stood most part of the Day no Body coming out of the Town Two hours before Sun set Orders were given to return to the Camp Then the Aragonians sally'd out with great shouts thinking the Night would shrowd them if worsted and could be no hindrance to them if Victorious because they knew the Country The light Horse gave the first Charge and then all the rest fell on The Body commanded by Prince Henry of Aragon charg'd D. Alvaro that which the King of Navarre led attack'd Henry Prince of Castile Both sides fought resolutely but the Aragonians were inferior in Number and began to give way Night drew on and the Princes of Aragon having done all that could be expected from brave Commanders seeing their Men fly retir'd to Olmedo The Admiral and Earl of Benavente took another way The Earl of Castro Henry Brother to the Admiral and Ferdinand de Quin̄ones were taken with 200 more Only 37 were kill'd in fight but many wounded The Princes of Aragon the same Night fled towards that Kingdom the King of Navarre unhurt Prince Henry dy'd soon after at Calatayud of a Wound he receiv'd in his left Hand a Gangrene striking into his Arm. He was a Man of a great Spirit but restless His Body was bury'd in that City He left one Son of his own Name by his second Wife who in time to come prov'd as Turbulent as his Father After the Victory the King sent Expresses to all parts to give Notice of it and built a Chappel in the Place where the Battle was fought CHAP. II. The Marriage of Ferdinand Bastard Son to the King of Aragon and appointed Heir to the Kingdom of Naples Mahomet King of Granada depos'd D. Alvaro de Luna chosen Master of the Order of Santiago Continual Success attended the Armies of Aragon in Italy King Alonso in favour of the Pope had recovered Marca Ancona from Francis Sforcia Yet his Party ceased not to raise Commotions whereupon the King of Aragon at the Pope's Instance returned thither and being come to Fontana del Populo a Town not far from the City Teano summoned the Nobles to attend him there Among the rest came Antony Centellas Marques of Girachi with 300 Horse he had done good Service during the late War and sold part of his Estate to pay his Men. The King desired to marry Enricosa Rufa Daughter and Heiress to the Marques de Croton to In̄igo Davalos as a Reward for his good Service and recommended this Affair to Antony Centellas He liking her Fortune marries her himself by which his Power was increased and consequently his Boldness At first this was connived at but soon after he payed for all He was charged with contriving the Death of a certain Favourite of the King 's whereupon he fled from the Camp to Catançaro a Town of his own The King moved at this returned to Naples and sent Messengers to reduce Centellas by fair means but he would not give ear to them Therefore the King himself marches into Calabria and having taken several Towns came before Cataniçaro Centellas seeing no hope of Relief surrendred upon promise of Pardon He was ordered to deliver up that City and the Castle of Turpia and he with his Wife and Children was sent to Naples Great rejoycing was throughout the Kingdom as well for restoring of Peace to it as on account that Ferdinand the King's Son was on the 30th of May married to Elizabeth de Claramonte to whom he was before contracted This was contrived to oblige the Prince of Taranto whose Neece she was In the midst of all his Joy came the sad News of the Death of the two Queens the King's Sisters and his Brother Prince Henry and the King of Navarre's being expelled Castile That King's Embassador pressed King Alonso to return into Spain He answered when the Wars of Marca Ancona were ended he would go that the mean while the King of Navarre should govern Aragon and raise Forces in both Kingdoms for the War with Castile and also that a Truce should be made with the Moors of Granada for a Year That City about this time changed its King Mahomet the left-handed during the Rebellion in Castile enjoy'd Peace which caused him Troubles at home The Moorish King had two Cousin Germans one of them called Ismael being fearful of his Uncle fled to the King of Castile The other called Mahomet the Lame because he was so associated himself with some Moors of Quality at Almeria With their Assistance he seized the Castle of Granada called Alhambra took the King and cast him into Prison This done he usurped the Title of King On this occasion the Moors were divided into Factions Andilbar Governour of Granada seized the strong Castle of Montefrio near Alcala Real and having no hopes of restoring the Old King offered the Crown to Ismael He having received Supplies of Men and Mony from the King of Castile hasted to possess himself of a Kingdom These things happen'd at the end of this Year let us return to what is behind After the Battle of Olmedo a Council was held in D. Alvaro de Luna's Tent he being wounded in the left Leg. There it was resolved that all the Rebels Estates should be Confiscated Cuellar was taken and Simancas besieged Prince Henry was for pardoning the Admiral the others opposed it Therefore the Prince went away to Segovia and the King his Father fearing fresh Tumults left Peter Sarmiento to reduce the other Towns and went himself to Nuestro Sen̄ora de Nieva to reduce his Son Before he would submit he demanded Jaen Logrono and Caceres for himself Barcarroto Salvatierra and Salvaleon Towns on the Borders of Portugal for John Pacheco The King condescended and thus they received a Reward whereas they deserved Punishment Moreover at Medina de Rioseco the Admiral was pardoned provided he came in
Means The King from Cabeçon went to the Kingdom of Toledo and the Nobles to Plasencia D. Peter Giron Master of Calatrava went away to Andalusia where he had the Town of Ossuna designing to stir up that People to Rebellion D. John de Valencuela had the grand Priorship of S. John taken from him and the Bishop of Jaen his Goods and Revenues only because they were Loyal to their King Besides this D. Peter Giron raised Men and endeavoured with large Promises to Debauch all the Nobility of that Country The Duke of Medina Sidonia the Earl of Arcos D. Alonso de Aguilar and the Councils of Sevill and Cordoua resolved to join with the Rebels King Henry perceiving the Storm gather assembled a Councel at Madrid where he asked what was best to be done in that Exigence All being silent the Archbishop of Toledo said his Opinion was The first thing to be procured was that Prince Alonso should be put into the Kings Hands as the fittest Person to secure the Pledge of Peace which if the Nobility â—â—used then they ought to be proceeded against by force of Arms That to this purpose the Court should remove to Salamanca to be near to the Rebels either to Treat of Peace or to carry on the War These things being thought to be meant as they were said were easily agreed to A Message was sent to the Nobles and the Forces ordered to march to Salamanca The King himself went away to Old Castile and with what Forces he had laid Siege to Arevalo then held by the Rebels Thence the Archbishop of Toledo putting off his Disguise went away to Avila whereof he was made Governor by the King Thither the Conspirators repaired to him The Admiral as had been agreed seized Valladolid where they designed their Forces should Rendezvous These sad News having awaked the King out of his Lethargy he is said to have fallen down before a Crucifix and uttered these Words Thy Aid I implore my Lord Christ the Son of God by whom Kings Reign To thee I Recommend my Person and Dignity I only beg this Punishment which I confess inferior to my Deserts may be for the good of my Soul Lord give me Patience to endure it and permit not the People to suffer for my sake Then he hasted away to Salamanca At Avila the Rebels resolved upon a most Barbarous Action to the Eternal Infamy of Spain Without the Walls of that City they Erected a Scaffold and placed on it the Statue of King Henry in his Royal Robes on a Throne with his Scepter and Crown Thither the Villanous Nobles and a Multitude of People resorted Then a Cryer proclaimed Sentence against the King laying to his Charge many horrid Crimes Whilst the Sentence was reading they leasurely stripped the Statue of all its Robes and at last with Reproachful Language threw it down from the Scaffold This Villany was acted upon Wednesday the 5th of June Immediately Prince Alonso who had been all the while present was brought upon the Scaffold there lifted upon the Shoulders of the Nobles and proclaimed King the Royal Standard being Displayed in his Name as was the Custom at the Inauguration of Kings The Multitude presently cryed God Save King Alonso which was ingaging themselves in the Quarrel The News of this horrid Treason being spread abroad some approved of others condemned it It was easie for the new King to be Liberal of what was not his own to Gutierre de Solis at the Request of his Brother the Master of Alcantara he gave the City Coria with the Title of an Earl Burgos and Toledo approved this Act of the Nobles On the other side many great Men declared for King Henry D. Garcia de Toledo Earl of Alva being reconciled came to him with 500 Horse and 1000 Foot The Queen and Princess Elizabeth were sent to the King of Portugal to beg Succours of him They met him at Guardia on the Borders of Portugal yet obtained nothing but good Words and Civil Entertainment The Rebels Rendezvoused at Valladolid the Loyalists at Toro being more Numerous than well Disciplined PenÌ„astor was besieged by the Rebels who because it made a Virgorous Defence threw down its Walls to terrifie other Places Thence they removed to Simancas whither the King sent John Fernandez Galindo with 3000 Horse which so encouraged the Besieged that the Rabble formally condemned the Archbishop of Toledo and having dragged his Statue about the Streets burnt it in revenge to the Affront offered to the King at Avila Hereupon the Rebels raised the Siege but especially because they heard the King had an Army of 80000 Foot and 14000 Horse at Toro This Army marched to Simancas By the way in a Skirmish John Carillo a Captain of the Rebels was wounded and taken being at the point of Death he discovered a Conspiracy naming the Persons concerned in it to the King in private but the King fearing his Discovery might be feigned concealed their Names He laid Siege to Valladolid but could not take it by reason it had a strong Garison or rather because the Kings Men had no stomach to fight There a Treaty was again set on foot King Henry and the Marquis de Villena met again Much was promised and nothing performed yet the King was perswaded since his Revenue could not bear so great a Charge to dismiss his Army and then Prince Alonso quitting the Title of King with all the Nobility would submit Thus both sides disbanded and the Noblemen who were with the King tho they had'done no Service were highly Rewarded The Rebels went away to Arevalo and so Valladolid returned to its Duty Prince Alonso was kept in the nature of a Prisoner and they threatned to kill him because he designed to make his escape to his Brother The Treaty of Peace went on and the Rebels promised to submit provided the Princess Elizabeth were Married to the Master of Calatrava The King consented and immediately sent the Duke of Albuquerque and Bishop of Calahorra from Court because they were Enemies to the Master This Project afflicted the Princess who wept bitterly and having told the cause of her Grief to Da. Beatrix de Bobadilla her first Lady of the Bedchamber that Lady shewing her a naked Dagger promised she would with it kill the Master of Calatrava rather than he should have her But God ordered it better for as he hasted from his Town of Almagro to celebrate the Marriage he fell sick by the way and died at Villarubia at the beginning of the year 1466 He was buried in a private Chappel at Calatrava His Two Sons inherited his Estate D. Alonso Tellez Giron the eldest in pursuance of his Fathers Will was Earl of UrenÌ„a D. Roderick Tellez Giron the younger had the Mastership of Calatrava having before obtained the Popes Bull to that effect He had also a third Son called D. John Pacheco all three unlawfully begotten Not long before the Masters Death in the Territory
D. John de Zun̄iga Master of Alcantara to resign up that Dignity to him and in lieu of it to accept of the Archbishoprick of Sevil. Thus the King became Master of those Three Orders for his Life and Pope Alexander joined with him Queen Elizabeth appointing her to Inherit those Dignities after his death Lastly Pope Adrian some Years after to oblige his Schollar Charles the Emperor granted to him and his Heirs the Presentation of all the Bishops in Spain which before the Kings had only liberty to recommend by way of Suit He also assigned him the Administration of the Three Military Orders for ever To this last Master of Alcantara who was afterwards a Cardinal The Master Antony de Nebriga dedicated his Dictionary This was a Man worthy of Immortal Fame and to have his Name Recorded in the History of Spain as well because he laid the Foundation of all the Learning of the Latin Tongue there as for the many Books he writ fraught with good Doctrine and Learning Among his other Works he composed the Histories of the Wars of Granada and that of Navarre which hapned some Years after true it is in those Works there appears more of his diligence and sincerity than elegancy At the same time that the Marquess of Cadiz and Master of Santiago died Henry de Guzman Duke of Medina Sidonia and D. Peter Enriquez Lieutenant of Andaluzia departed this Life D. John his Son succeeded the Duke Not long before Peter Hernandez de Velasco the Constable dying Bernardin de Velasco his Son succeeded him and Married the Lady Joanna de Aragon King Ferdinand's Bastard Daughter Nothing hapned about this time more remarkable or that put Italy and the most part of Europe into a greater confusion than the famous War in Naples undertaken by Charles the VIII King of France as has been before hinted To speak of this War let us recollect what has been in other places said of the Original Causes of it Pope Urban the VI. caused Charles Prince of Durazzo to come out of Hungary to oppose him against Joanna Queen of Naples who had favoured the Election of Clement the VII his Competitor whereby the Peace of the Church was much disturbed She called to her assistance Luis Duke of Anjou younger Son to the King of France and adopted him her Son and Heir to that Kingdom This Luis had a Son of his own Name who made War upon Ladislaus Son to Charles and King of Naples but his success was no better than his Father's for both were unfortunate in that War Luis the Grandson was called by Pope Martin the V. against Joanna the younger Queen of Naples and Sister to Ladislaus This Luis expelled Alonso King of Aragon whom the said Joanna had adopted and afterwards cast off Renee his Brother succeeded Luis with him King Alonso was long at War and at last forced him to return into France John Duke of Lorrain was Son to this Renée and in the Barons War much distressed King Fredcrick of Naples and afterwards headed the Catalonians in Rebellion against King John He dying at Barcelona as has been said Charles Nephew to Renèe his Brother's Son Inherited his Possessions This Charles in his Will constituted Luis the XI King of France his Heir believing Renée Duke of Lorrain his own Nephew could not be able to withstand the power of the Aragonians This was the original Cause of the War in Naples Another secondary Cause was added in this manner Galleazzo Duke of Milan being Murdered by his Subjects Luis Sforcia his Brother took upon him the Government of that Dukedom under colour of the Minority of John Galleazzo Son to the deceased Luis Sforcia had to Wife Beatrix Sister to to Hercules Duke of Ferrara Also Alonso Duke of Calabria Son to the King of Naples was Married to Hippolita Sister to Luis Sforcia by whom he had Ferdinand and Elizabeth Ferdinand was King of Naples after his Grandfather and Father Elizabeth was Married to John Galeazzo the true Duke of Milan This Lady seeing her Husband excluded tho' he had Two Children by her perswaded her Father to restore her Husband to the Inheritance left him by his Ancestors Luis Sforcia perceiving what a Storm threatned him from Naples invited Charles the VIII King of France to Invade that Kingdom which he said of right appertained to him Many Men of Note of his own Subjects encouraged the King to undertake this Enterprize as also some Barons of Naples Banished by King Ferdinand Philip de Comines says those Noblemen were well received at first yet such was their entertainment that necessity drove them to have recourse to King Ferdinand who had a better-Title to that Crown than the Possessors who were of the Bastard Line Yet the King perceiving those Lords only sought their own ends and would consequently follow him that came first thought not fit to engage in that War and only endeavoured to disswade the French from it By this time they were so far ingagaged there was no going back Both Parties sought to strengthen themselves with Alliances The French and Milaneses joyned in League with all the States of Italy except the Florentines who at first favoured the Aragonians and the Venetians who chose rather to stand neuter than favour either side Pope Alexander tho' at first he appeared averse from the Kings of Naples at last upon promise that his Sons should have possessions given them in that Kingdom and that a yearly Pension should be paid to him he resolved to stand by those who had obliged him The King of Naples ceased not to provide for the War and make all the Friends he could Particularly he sent an Ambassador into Spain to press the King to make War upon France He urged their near Kindred as being Cousin-germans and Brothers in-Law and put King Ferdinand in mind of the danger of Sicily in Case the French became Masters of Naples All this moved not King Ferdinand to break with France only he sent Garcilasso de la Vega to the Pope to confirm him in his resolution of protecting the King of Naples and D. Alonso de Silva brother to the Earl of Cifuentes was sent to France to disswade that King from the Enterprize he had in hand and in case he would not desist declare to him that King Ferdinand could not forsake his kinsman and Ally This hapned at the beginning of the Year 1494 when King Ferdinand and Queen Elizabeth having till then staid in Aragon went away from Zaragoça to Tordesillas thence to Valladolid and so to Medina del Campo There they received advice that Ferdinand King of Naples was departed this Life He died on the 25th of January of a great Age and in care for the War then in Hand Unfortunate on the one side for leaving his Affairs in so ill a Posture the chief cause whereof was his austere Temper Happy on the other side that he lived not to see the Ruin of that his
under the Crown of Castile The King of France highly offended at this Disappointment to revenge it sent a new Army into Biscay under the Command of the Admiral of France who took Fuenterabia a strong Town upon the Frontiers Several Rencounters happened betwixt our Forces and those of the Enemy but at length the Town was recovered Beatrix youngest Daughter to the King of Portugal contracted to Charles Duke of Savoy was carried to her Husband in a Fleet fitted out for that purpose The Publick Joy for this Marriage was not lasting for that the King of Portugal died in December His Body was buried in the Monastery of Bethlem built by himself near Lisbon and appointed the burial Place of Kings King John the Third of the Name his Son succeeded him On the 2d of December died at Rome Pope Leo whose Memory was Reverenced for that he had restored the Peace of Italy favoured Learning and much restored the University of Rome by bringing to it Professors of all Sciences from other Parts with great Expence Nevertheless he is blamed as having been given to his Pleasures more than became his high Dignity and for immoderately extolling his Kindred first his Brother Julian and after his Death Laurence his Nephew Son to Peter his other Brother To raise them he designed to deprive the Duke of Vrbin of his Dominions but the Death of both the Brother and the Nephew prevented the execution of his Designs Pope Leo was of the House of Medicis whose Genealogy â—s this which follows The Great Cosmo de Mediois who lived in Florence 100 Years before this had a Son called Peter and by him two Grandsons Laurence and Julian Laurence had three Sons Peter John the present Pope Leo and Julian Julian had a natural Son born after his Father's Death and called Julius who came to be Pope and was called Clement the Seventh Peter Brother to Pope Leo had a Son called Laurence the Younger who was General of his Unkle the Pope's Forces He by a Mistriss had Alexander afterwards Duke of Florence by his Wife Magdalen of Bolonia left Catharine who came to be Queen of France whereby the House of Medicis is related to many Royal Families The second Julian Brother to Pope Leo had a Son called Hypolito who was afterwards a Cardinal his Unkle Pope Clement giving him the Cap. Anno 1522. On the 10th of January Cardinal Adrian tho a Fleming and at that time absent was by the Conclave chosen Pope At that time he was employed in the Government of Spain The News of his promotion was brought to him at Vitoria where he then was to give Orders for carrying on the War against France and recovering of Fuenterabia Immediately he hasted away in order to pass over into Italy yet he came not to Rome till the Summer was well advanced His Papacy was short as not exceeding twenty Months but his Learning Wisdom and Virtue were very great He changed not his Name but was called Adrian the 6th By him St. Antony Archbishop of Florence and Benon Bishop of Misna were Canonised On the 3d of February the Royalists under the Conduct of the Archbishop of Bari overcame the Rebels who were possessed of the City Toledo and so those Tumults ended Charles the Emperor leaving his Brother Ferdinand in January with the Title of Vicar of the Empire set out for Spain to settle the Kingdom and put an end to the Troubles of it He arrived with his Fleet at Santaren on the 16th of July Christiern King of Denmark had married Elizabeth Sister to the new Emperor His Uncle Frederick usurped the Kingdom whereby he was obliged to retire into Flanders where he continued in Banishment the space of 10 Years which was as long as he lived He left two Daughters lawfully begotten which were Elizabeth and Christiern the first was married to Alonso Duke of Lorrain the other to Francis Sforcia Duke of Milan Anno 1523. Pope Adrian granted to the Emperor Charles and his Successors Kings of Spain the full Authority of electing and presenting the Bishops within their Dominions His Bull was passed on the 6th of September He also for ever granted them to hold the Administration of the three military Orders which other Popes had only granted for a time The Pope died at Rome on the 12th of the same Month oppressed with Care and Grief for that the Turks had the Year before possessed themselves of the Island of Rhodes after it had endured a Siege of Eight Months During the vacancy of the Papal Chair died at Rome Cardinal Bernardin de Carvajal who had been Bishop first of Astorga then of Badajoz of Carthagena of Siguença and lastly of Plansencia D. Gutierre de Carvajal Bishop of Plasencia was Nephew to the Cardinal who resigned that See up to him This Year also died F. James Deza Master to Prince John successively Bishop of Salamanca Jaen and Sevil Inquisitor General and Elect of Toledo On the 20th of December Cardinal Julius de Medicis Cousin-German to Pope Leo the Tenth was chosen Pope in the place of Adrian deceased and took the Name of Clement the Seventh He governed the Church ten Years 10 Months and 7 Days He confirmed the Order of the Theatins calling it the Congregation of Divine-Love It was instituted by Peter Garrafa Bishop of Theatinum and other pious Persons Their Habit differs not from that of the other Clergy their Life is retired free from worldly Business and employed in singing the Canonical Hours Anno 1524. The French who had entred the Dutchy of Milan and made themselves Masters of a great part of it were this Year almost enclosed by the Imperial Army under the Command of the Duke of Bourbon who took most of the Places from whence the Army was supplied and by that means brought them into great Distress for want of Provisions This obliged the Admiral of France General of those Forces to endeavour to make a retreat but the Imperialists were so close upon him that he was forced to fight his Army was wholly overthrown and only a small part of it returned home by the way of Turin This Victory encouraged the Duke of Bourbon and Marquis of Pescara to lay Siege to Marseilles where when they had lain six Weeks hearing that the French King was coming with a powerful Army they sent away their heavy Cannon by Sea and retired with great precipitation The King not to lose this Advantage hastned to pass the Mountains and soon possessed himself of the Cities of Milan and other Places and then laid Siege to Pavia Anno 1525. King John of Portugal married Charlotte Sister to Charles the Emperor The Nuptial Solemnities were performed with much Majesty at Estremoz on the 5th of February This Lady had many Children which were Alonso Mary Catharine Beatrix Emanuel Philip John and Antony Of all these only Prince John and the Princess Mary lived to be marriagable and even
the two Crowns A great Earthquake Orders of St. Hierome and St. Isidort 1374. French Spaniards besiege Bayonne 1375. Pope Gregory the XIth returns to Rome after the Papal Chair had been 70 Years at Avignon 1376. Frederick the IId of Sicily dies A general Peace in Spain 1377 The French invade Navarre Castile at variance with Navarre 1378 Marriages of K. Henry's Bastards Schism in the Church Troubles in Portugal 1379 Navarre and Castile make Peace Death of K. Henry Mahomet K. of Granada dies John succeeds to the Crown of Castile Castilian Fleet ravages the Coasts of Britany 1380. Great Floods Charles K. of France dies Charles the VIth succeeds Leo K. of Armenia in Spain A Schlsm Pr. Ferdinand born in Castile 1381. Pope Clement own'd in Castile Charles Duke of Durrazzo crown'd K. of Naples English joyn with Portugal against Castile 1382. Rebellion suppress'd Articles betwixt Castile and Portugal Death of the Qu. of Castile 1383. Marriage of the K. of Castile with the Princess of Portugal Ferdinand King of Portugal dies Divisions in Portugal about the Succession of the Crown King John of Castile proclaimed K. at Lisbon Portugueses that favour'd the K. of Castile The Master of 〈◊〉 a Bastard aspires to the C own of Portugal Lisbon besieged The Siege raised 1385. John the Bastard proclaim'd K. of Portugal Castilian Fleet ravages the Coast of Portugal K. John of Castile makes his Will Famous Battel of Aljubarota Castilians defeated All Portugal submits to John the Usurper Another verthrow of the Castilians France and Navarre joyn with Castile The Duke of Lancaster lands at Corunna Death of 3 Kings Of Peter K. of Aragon Charles Inherlts the Crown of Navarre John crown'd K. of Aragon Peace establish'd betwixt the English and Castilians 1388. Kings of Castile and Navarre meet Heir of Castile made Prince of Austurias Truce with Portugal 1390. Acts of the Cortes of Castile Truce with the Moors of Granada Pious Gifts of the K. of Castile K. John of Castile kill'd by fall from his Horse Qualities of King John of Aragon French invade Aragon 1391. Henry the IIId proclaimed K. of Castile K. John of Castile his last Will. Form of Government of Castile during the Kings Minority Strife among the Nobility of Castile They raise Forces They agree The Cortes settle the Government 1392. A Mutiny at Sevil. The War with Portugal breaks out again Troubles among the Moors K. John of Portugal his Issue Discord continues in Castile 1393. Truce with Portugal for 15 Years Arch bishop of Toledo arrested by the King Nobility of Castile reconcil'd Sicily reduc'd under the Dominion of Aragon K. Henry takes upon him the Government Biscainers invade the Canary Islands Cortes meet at Madrid 1394. The Plague at Madrid Discontents among the Nobility of Castile The Master of Alcantara cut off by the Moors Rebellion in Old Castile Mutinous Lords submit Fresh Troubled in Castile quleted Pope Clement dies the Schism continues Benedict the XIIIth chosen Pope 1395. Strange Death of K. John of Aragâ—â— Martin K. of Aragon â— Elleâ—â—â— of Navarre returns to her Husband Earl of Gijon declar'd Traytor The Archbishop of Santiago flies to Portugal The Earl of Faux invades Aragon 1396. Turks pass over into Europe Joseph K. of Granada his strange Death Mahâ—met Usurps Badajoz taken by the Portugueses 1397. Franciscan Fryars preach to the Moors of Granada 1398. Truce with Portugal renew'd Paul de Cartagenâ— famous for Learning Plague in Spain and France and great Floods French expell'd Aragon 1399. Works of Peter Tenâ—rio Archbishop of Toledo 1400. Plague in Spain Violante Daughter to the K. of Aragon marryed to Luis Duke of Anjoâ— 1401. Mary Q. of Sicily dies 1402. Tamerlan the Tatrar his exploits Embassies betwixt Tamerlan and the K. of Castile 1403. Great Floods The King of Navarre uses means to recover his Possessions in France 1404. Boniface the Pope dies and Innocent the VIIth is chosen at Rome Jews and Moors distinguish'd in Castile 1406. The Battle of Collejarts Cortes held in Castile Innocent the Pope dies at Roâ—◠〈◊〉 Gregory the XIIth is chosen Henry K. of Castile dies A notable Action of K. Henry 1407. K. Henry's Will Wonderful modesty of Prince Ferdinand who refuses the Crown being offer'd to him John the IId an Infant proclaim'd K. of Castile Aragon left without Heirs Government of Prince Ferdinand of Castile Government divided betwixt the Queen and Prince Victory of the Christians by Sea Luis Duke of Orleans murder'd 1408. Cortes of Castile grant suplies for War with the Moors D. Alvaro de Luna who he was Pope Benedict forsaken 1046. Alexander the Vth chosen Pope Animosities against Prince Ferdinand of Castile Martin K. of Sicily dies Martin K. of Aragon marries Pretenders to the Crown of Aragon Dispute concerning the Crown of Aragon Prince Ferdinand marches against the Infidels 1410. Moors overthrown Pope Alexander dies John the XXIIId is chosen Martin K. of Aragon dies Race of the Earls of Barcelona extinct Several Towns taken by the Christians A Love Adventure AnteqÌ„ueraÌ„ taken by Storm The Castle surrendred Turbulent State of Christendom Aragon divided about the Succession 1411. K. John of Portugal his Government Confusions in Aragon Judges appointed to decide the Right to the Crown of Aragon Earl of Vrgel's Pretensions Ferdinand declared King of Aragon by the Judges He is proclaim'd at â—aragoca Settles the Affairs of Aragon Archimbaud Earl of Faux his Death and Issue The new King's Actions K. Ferdinand and Pope Benedict meer 1413. He besieges the Earl of Vrgel in Balaguer The Earl surrenders himself Application for uniting the Church Ferdinand crown'd at Zaragoca King Ferdinand confers with Pope Benedict Council of Constance Jews converted 1415. Pope John forced to quit the Papacy Marriage of the Prince of Aragon with the Princess of Castile Ceuta taken by the Portugueses Interview of Princes at Perpignan Pope Benedict disown'd in Aragon 1416. Ferdinand of Aragon dies New Troubles in Castile 1417. John Hus and Hierome of Prague burnt Martin the Vth. chosen Pope The Canaries conquered Henry the Vth of England invades France Catherine Queen of Castile dies John King of Castile govern'd by the Archbishop of Toledo Marriages of Princes 1419. Nobility of Castile raise Tumults King John's Character D. Alvaro de Luna the great Favourite 1420. K. John of Castile under restraint Prodigles Discoveries by Henry Infante of Portugal Alonso K. of Aragon adopted Heir of Naples K. John of Castile makes his escape 1421. Prince Henry in open Rebellion Competitors for the Kingdom of Naples 1422. Prince Henry imprison'd Alvaro de Luna made an Earl Government of Toledo altered Also at Pamplona Gaston Heir of Navarre born 1423. Truce betwixt Castile and Portugal Troubles of Naples K. Alonso of Aragon besieges the Queen of Naples in her Palace Luis Duke of Anjou adopted Heir of Naples Joseph K. of Granada dies Benedict the pretended Pope dies Alonso K. of Aragon supports an Antipope Marseilles taken