become_v a_o loose_a of_o so_o much_o and_o the_o kingdom_n be_v bereave_v of_o the_o other_o money_n which_o the_o amsterdammer_n cause_v to_o be_v send_v over_o unto_o he_o as_o shall_v be_v make_v plain_a in_o the_o next_o chapter_n to_o return_v to_o our_o aforesaid_a declaration_n of_o the_o undervaluation_n of_o our_o money_n country_n exchange_n at_o 358._o for_o the_o low_a unite_a country_n true_a it_o be_v that_o since_o the_o say_a proclamation_n of_o the_o state_n whereby_o our_o shilling_n be_v value_v at_o 10_o ½_n stivers_n the_o price_n of_o exchange_n be_v rise_v to_o 35_o s_o which_o some_o understand_v to_o be_v value_n for_o value_n or_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la and_o other_o will_v say_v who_o know_v whether_o the_o say_v assay_n be_v true_o make_v and_o report_v according_o and_o so_o speak_v against_o our_o benefit_n i_o answer_v admit_v that_o the_o loss_n be_v but_o 6_o 1_o 9_o per_fw-la centum_fw-la for_o a_o month_n be_v this_o tolerable_a when_o by_o the_o exportation_n of_o our_o money_n there_o may_v be_v get_v above_o 73_o per_fw-la centum_fw-la by_o the_o year_n which_o be_v a_o gain_n exceed_v all_o other_o gain_n beside_o the_o loss_n of_o our_o treasure_n this_o be_v convenience_n be_v open_v to_o the_o grand_a commission_n of_o 51._o person_n of_o diverse_a quality_n and_o degree_n appoint_v for_o matter_n of_o trade_n namely_o the_o right_a honourable_a the_o lord_n vizcount_v man-devile_n trade_n the_o grand_a commission_n for_o trade_n lord_n precedent_n of_o the_o council_n the_o lord_n brooke_n sir_n john_n suckling_n knight_n comptroller_n of_o his_o majesty_n household_n sir_n julius_n caesar_n knight_n master_n of_o the_o roll_n and_o diverse_a other_o knight_n baronet_n and_o other_o it_o please_v they_o to_o send_v for_o his_o majesty_n assay-master_n master_n andrew_n palmer_n a_o man_n of_o rare_a knowledge_n and_o experience_n and_o will_v he_o to_o make_v assay_n of_o the_o principal_a foreign_a coin_n and_o to_o compare_v the_o same_o unto_o we_o by_o way_n of_o exchange_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o 35_o s._n flemish_n for_o 20_o s._n starlin_n whereupon_o he_o make_v the_o report_n here_o follow_v in_o the_o month_n of_o march_n last_o pass_v 1623._o twenty_o shilling_n english_a money_n commissioner_n master_n palmer_n report_n to_o the_o commissioner_n contain_v in_o fine_a silver_n 3_o ounce_n ten_o penny_n weight_n 23_o grain_n 4_o mite_n 12_o droict_n 7_o period_n 17_o blank_n five_o and_o thirty_o holland_n shilling_n contain_v in_o fine_a silver_n 3_o ounce_n 6_o penny_n weight_n 14_o grain_n 6_o mite_n 16_o droict_n whereby_o the_o difference_n of_o fine_a silver_n be_v 4_o penny_n weight_n 8_o grain_n 17_o mite_n 20_o droict_n every_o penny_n weight_n of_o fine_a silver_n be_v worth_a in_o our_o currant_n silver_n money_n three_o penny_n farthing_n and_o half_a a_o farthing_n full_a so_o the_o difference_n in_o value_n between_o the_o money_n above_o say_v be_v 14_o penny_n half_a penny_n and_o one_o farthing_n which_o be_v upon_o the_o hundred_o pound_n six_o pound_n three_o shilling_n every_o holland_n shilling_n contain_v in_o fine_a silver_n one_o penny_n weight_n 21_o grain_n 13_o mite_n 8_o droict_n which_o be_v in_o value_n to_o our_o silver_n money_n six_o penny_n 3_o â—_o part_n every_o holland_n stiver_n of_o the_o best_a contain_v in_o fine_a silver_n 7_o grain_n 12_o mite_n 5_o droict_n 6_o period_n 16_o blank_n which_o be_v in_o value_n two_o ounce_n one_o penny_n 1½_n mite_n every_o 5_o shilling_n english_a silver_n contain_v in_o fine_a silver_n 17_o penny_n weight_n 17_o grain_n 16_o mite_n every_o holland_n doller_n contain_v in_o fine_a silver_n 16_o penny_n weight_n 4_o grain_n 10_o mite_n the_o difference_n in_o fine_a silver_n be_v one_o penny_n weight_n 13_o grain_n 6_o mite_n which_o be_v in_o value_n starlin_n 5_o penny_n full_a every_o piece_n of_o 8_o royal_n of_o spain_n contain_v in_o fine_a silver_n 16_o penny_n weight_n one_o grain_n the_o difference_n be_v one_o penny_n weight_n 16_o grain_n 16_o mite_n and_o in_o value_n starlin_n five_o penny_n half_a penny_n full_a so_o to_o the_o difference_n of_o six_o pound_n three_o shilling_n in_o every_o hundred_o pound_n the_o 5_o upon_o the_o hundred_o add_v between_o 33_o s._n 4_o do_v and_o 35_o s._n be_v in_o totall_n 11_o l._n 3_o s_o by_o this_o calculation_n of_o assay_v thus_o it_o appear_v unto_o man_n even_o of_o the_o mean_a understanding_n that_o our_o money_n be_v undervalue_v in_o exchange_n for_o the_o low_a country_n and_o for_o hamborough_n &_o other_o place_n much_o more_o where_o the_o rickx_n doller_n be_v rise_v to_o 52_o and_o 54_o shilling_n lubish_n which_o by_o the_o precedent_n rule_v make_v the_o price_n of_o this_o positive_a exchange_n to_o be_v above_o 40_o s._n of_o they_o for_o our_o 20_o s_o which_o to_o avoid_v prolixity_n i_o leave_v to_o every_o man_n judgement_n to_o calculate_v now_o because_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o man_n of_o mean_a capacity_n money_n inconvenience_n of_o the_o underualuation_n of_o our_o money_n and_o that_o i_o do_v labour_n to_o express_v myself_o in_o the_o plain_a manner_n i_o pray_v you_o be_v there_o any_o man_n live_v that_o will_v not_o conceive_v that_o this_o exceed_o great_a gain_n have_v by_o exportation_n of_o our_o money_n will_v still_o deprive_v we_o of_o our_o treasure_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o this_o great_a loss_n have_v by_o the_o importation_n of_o money_n do_v still_o debar_v we_o from_o any_o to_o be_v bring_v in_o again_o when_o great_a gain_n be_v give_v upon_o the_o spanish_a royal_n beyond_o the_o sea_n will_v not_o the_o same_o be_v divert_v from_o we_o and_o carry_v thither_o or_o if_o some_o be_v import_v upon_o occasion_n or_o by_o accident_n will_v not_o other_o man_n transport_v they_o again_o and_o so_o take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o trade_n and_o cause_v the_o vital_a spirit_n thereof_o to_o languish_v sure_o all_o man_n be_v able_a to_o understand_v this_o yet_o it_o shall_v be_v make_v more_o plain_a thus_o may_v we_o observe_v the_o disgression_n and_o inequality_n between_o the_o say_a money_n which_o can_v never_o convenient_o be_v reduct_v to_o their_o first_o price_n and_o equality_n i_o may_v likewise_o make_v instance_n of_o the_o coin_n of_o gold_n which_o be_v more_o enhance_v for_o the_o sovereign_n of_o 20_o s._n be_v now_o currant_n at_o 37_o s._n 8_o d._n flemish_n but_o the_o premise_n declare_v sufficient_o the_o undervaluation_n of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n both_o by_o calculation_n and_o trial_n of_o the_o subtle_a assay_v misselden_n in_o his_o former_a treatise_n misname_v free-trade_n set_v down_o 7._o p._n 7._o that_o the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o the_o want_n of_o money_n in_o england_n be_v the_o underualuation_n of_o his_o majesty_n coin_n which_o hinder_v the_o importation_n and_o cause_v the_o exportation_n of_o we_o whereupon_o he_o will_v have_v the_o king_n coin_n raise_v and_o foreign_a coin_n to_o be_v make_v currant_n at_o equal_a value_n and_o in_o his_o circle_n of_o commerce_n he_o say_v 101._o p._n 101._o that_o i_o will_v persuade_v the_o world_n that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a underualuation_n of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n to_o those_o of_o germany_n and_o the_o low_a country_n which_o be_v the_o main_a pillar_n to_o support_v the_o par_fw-fr and_o so_o now_o there_o be_v no_o undervaluation_n and_o thus_o with_o the_o saytre_n he_o blow_v hot_a &_o cold_a at_o one_o instant_a with_o one_o breath_n and_o withal_o he_o do_v acknowledge_v that_o if_o the_o premise_n by_o we_o declare_v be_v true_a as_o true_a and_o manifest_a they_o be_v that_o they_o be_v fearful_a effect_n and_o again_o that_o money_n be_v not_o so_o little_o enhance_v as_o 20_o in_o the_o hundred_o since_o the_o inhaunce_v begin_v which_o we_o have_v prove_v to_o be_v double_a or_o 100_o upon_o the_o hundred_o well_o in_o good_a time_n it_o be_v mistake_v to_o make_v it_o serve_v his_o turn_n he_o accuse_v i_o of_o gross_a error_n for_o that_o the_o exchange_n be_v rise_v in_o price_n according_a to_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n which_o even_o now_o we_o have_v prove_v to_o be_v false_a and_o if_o exchange_n shall_v rise_v and_o fall_v according_o that_o be_v to_o say_v if_o money_n rise_v beyond_o the_o sea_n that_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n shall_v rise_v according_o and_o if_o money_n do_v rise_v here_o that_o then_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o exchange_n shall_v fall_v in_o price_n here_o what_o remedy_n can_v there_o be_v then_o in_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o the_o money_n when_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n will_v still_o over_o rule_v the_o same_o error_n misseldens_n error_n as_o it_o be_v a_o inhaunce_n upon_o a_o inhaunce_n between_o we_o and_o other_o country_n upon_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n
all_o their_o own_o coin_n be_v correspondent_a thereunto_o in_o the_o inward_a value_n but_o in_o the_o low_a country_n the_o valuation_n do_v alter_v and_o money_n be_v enhance_v by_o intermissive_a time_n by_o the_o war_n and_o division_n of_o the_o 17._o province_n come_v we_o now_o to_o the_o year_n 1586._o when_v robert_n lord_n dudley_n earl_n of_o leycester_n go_v over_o to_o take_v the_o government_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n at_o which_o time_n money_n be_v much_o enhance_v and_o the_o state_n do_v coin_n the_o great_a silver_n royal_a of_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o philip_n doller_n as_o also_o rickx_v dollar_n in_o every_o province_n of_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o say_v imperial_a or_o burgundian_n dollar_n and_o the_o arch_a duke_n albertus_n of_o austria_n do_v the_o like_a in_o the_o reconcile_a country_n under_o his_o government_n hereupon_o there_o be_v assay_n make_v again_o of_o the_o say_a coin_n and_o other_o money_n and_o the_o goodness_n of_o they_o be_v by_o the_o say_a assay_n correspondent_a in_o weight_n and_o finesse_n and_o so_o the_o positive_a exchange_n be_v make_v according_o upon_o the_o valuation_n make_v in_o the_o say_a country_n namely_o the_o say_a philip_n doller_n be_v rise_v and_o value_v at_o 50._o stivers_n or_o 8._o s._n 4._o d._n flemish_n make_v the_o say_a exchange_n by_o the_o say_v 4._o piece_n to_o be_v 33._o s._n 4._o d._n for_o 20._o shilling_n starlin_n the_o say_a rickx_n doller_n be_v value_v at_o 45._o stivers_n or_o 7._o s._n 6._o d._n flemish_n make_v the_o exchange_n to_o be_v after_o 4_o piece_n and_o a_o half_a to_o the_o pound_n starlin_n 33._o s._n 9_o d._n but_o because_o our_o shilling_n be_v value_v at_o 20._o d._n flemish_n or_o 10_o stivers_n whereof_o 20._o s._n make_v 33._o s._n 4._o d._n flemish_n it_o be_v agree_v by_o the_o commissioner_n d._n exchange_n for_o the_o low_a country_n at_o 83_o s._n 4_o d._n that_o the_o positive_a exchange_n shall_v be_v 33._o s._n 4._o d._n for_o our_o 20._o s_o and_o all_o other_o money_n have_v correspondence_n with_o the_o say_a price_n or_o thereabouts_o and_o the_o spanish_a royal_a of_o 8._o be_v value_v at_o 42._o stivers_n or_o 7._o s._n flemish_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o placeart_n or_o proclamation_n then_o make_v by_o the_o say_a earl_n of_o leycester_n if_o you_o will_v be_v sure_a whether_o the_o say_v assay_n and_o valuation_n be_v true_o calculate_v in_o exchange_n money_n calculation_n upon_o assay_n and_o money_n the_o account_n by_o the_o golden_a rule_n be_v easy_a for_o any_o man_n of_o mean_a judgement_n to_o be_v cast_v up_o that_o be_v to_o say_v if_o the_o philip_n doller_n of_o 36_o stivers_n make_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n to_o be_v 24._o s._n what_o must_v the_o price_n now_o be_v when_o the_o say_v doller_n be_v value_v at_o 50._o stivers_n facit_fw-la 33._o s._n 4._o do_v again_o if_o the_o rickx_n doller_n at_o 33._o stivers_n give_v in_o exchange_n 24._o s._n 9_o d._n what_o will_v 45._o stivers_n give_v in_o exchange_n facit_fw-la 33._o s._n 9_o d_o so_o that_o you_o see_v the_o assay_n and_o valuation_n do_v agree_v in_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n and_o rather_o somewhat_o to_o our_o disadvantage_n in_o the_o year_n 1600._o by_o a_o commission_n grant_v to_o sir_n richard_n martin_n knight_n and_o master_n of_o the_o mint_n sir_n richard_n saltonstall_n sir_n henery_n belling_n slay_v knight_n thomas_z afterward_o lord_n knynet_n mr._n john_n williams_n myself_o and_o diverse_a other_o there_o be_v a_o examination_n take_v concern_v the_o goodness_n and_o valuation_n of_o money_n in_o exchange_n and_o there_o ensue_v but_o a_o alteration_n in_o the_o valuation_n of_o gold_n concern_v the_o proportion_n with_o some_o small_a reformation_n concern_v the_o standard_n but_o in_o exchange_n nothing_o be_v effect_v for_o some_o reason_n here_o not_o declare_v come_v we_o now_o to_o this_o present_a time_n and_o see_v how_o much_o the_o say_v money_n have_v be_v enhance_v valuation_n calculation_n up_o on_o the_o last_o valuation_n not_o by_o the_o toleration_n of_o merchant_n to_o receive_v they_o above_o their_o price_n but_o according_a to_o the_o placcart_n or_o edict_n of_o proclamation_n of_o the_o say_a estate_n make_v the_o 21_o of_o july_n 1622._o there_o you_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o philip_n doller_n be_v make_v bullion_n that_o be_v to_o say_v not_o currant_n as_o they_o have_v also_o do_v of_o other_o coin_n but_o the_o rickx_n doller_n of_o germany_n and_o the_o netherland_n be_v enhance_v and_o value_v by_o public_a authority_n beside_o their_o toleration_n to_o go_v above_o the_o same_o at_o 50._o stivers_n now_o cast_v hereupon_o what_o the_o positive_a exchange_n must_v be_v when_o 45._o be_v make_v 50._o or_o when_o 5._o be_v get_v in_o 45_o which_o be_v just_a one_o nine_o part_n take_v the_o nine_o part_n of_o one_o hundred_o and_o it_o be_v 11._o and_o 1_o 9_o that_o the_o say_v dollar_n and_o other_o money_n be_v in_o haunced_a thereby_o but_o our_o shilling_n or_o 12._o penny_n starlin_n albeit_o they_o must_v be_v deliver_v by_o weight_n be_v but_o advance_v to_o ten_o stivers_n and_o a_o half_a which_o be_v but_o 5._o d._n 100_o when_o it_o shall_v be_v 11_o 1_o 9_o part_n or_o 11._o l._n 2._o s._n 2._o d._n â…”_n the_o rule_n be_v if_o 45._o give_v 5_o what_o shall_v 50._o give_v facit_fw-la 11._o &_o 1_o 9_o part_n or_o if_o 45._o give_v in_o true_a exchange_n 33._o s._n 9_o do_v what_o 50_o facit_fw-la 37._o s._n 6._o d._n or_o if_o 42._o for_o the_o royal_a give_v 33._o s._n 4._o do_v what_o give_v 48_o facit_fw-la 38._o s._n 1._o d._n so_o that_o it_o plain_o appear_v by_o ground_a calculation_n upon_o assay_n that_o from_o 33._o s._n 4._o d._n the_o money_n of_o the_o realm_n between_o we_o and_o the_o low_a country_n be_v underualued_a 11._o l._n 2._o s._n 2._o â…”_n d._n in_o every_o hundred_o pound_n money_n exceed_o great_a gain_n by_o the_o exportation_n of_o our_o money_n whereby_o we_o undersell_v our_o home_n commodity_n and_o buy_v the_o foreign_a commodity_n so_o much_o dear_a and_o loose_v for_o every_o hundred_o pound_n so_o much_o in_o the_o kingdom_n stock_n for_o we_o do_v receive_v but_o 88_o l._n 17._o s._n 9_o â…“_n d._n for_o one_o hundred_o pound_n and_o he_o that_o export_v our_o money_n may_v get_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la or_o every_o month_n above_o 11._o per_fw-la cent_n which_o be_v 132._o per_fw-la cent_n by_o the_o year_n and_o no_o money_n or_o bullion_n can_v be_v import_v from_o thence_o without_o the_o like_a loss_n to_o the_o bringer_n thereof_o unless_o by_o gold_n which_o be_v here_o more_o esteem_v then_o in_o other_o country_n whereby_o he_o may_v save_v some_o part_n of_o his_o loss_n especial_o the_o same_o be_v make_v bullion_n beyond_o the_o sea_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o because_o misselden_n will_v not_o allow_v of_o the_o supposition_n set_v down_o upon_o the_o rate_n of_o 30._o s._n for_o 20._o â—_o 75._o p._n 75._o starlin_n to_o show_v how_o merchant_n may_v be_v correspondence_n accommodate_v each_o other_o to_o the_o kingdom_n great_a loss_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o a_o low_a exchange_n which_o must_v in_o the_o comparison_n need_v be_v under_o the_o price_n suppose_v in_o exchange_n and_o not_o at_o 33._o s._n 4._o do_v which_o be_v call_v low_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o present_a and_o hereupon_o he_o do_v miscast_v 100_o l._n in_o 1000_o l._n between_o the_o londoner_n and_o the_o amsterdamer_n with_o other_o cavillation_n in_o the_o answer_v thereof_o i_o though_o good_a to_o observe_v the_o same_o between_o the_o price_n of_o equal_a exchange_n alter_v by_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n at_o the_o beginning_n when_o 20._o s._n starlin_n be_v make_v 24._o s._n by_o exchange_n whereby_o 500_o l._n make_v 600._o l._n beyond_o the_o sea_n as_o aforesaid_a for_o the_o say_v 600_o l._n flemish_n be_v correspondent_a in_o account_n between_o the_o say_a londonner_fw-fr and_o amsterdammer_n after_o the_o say_a rate_n of_o 24_o s._n by_o exchange_n so_o long_o as_o the_o value_n be_v make_v good_a by_o exchange_n but_o if_o the_o exchange_n have_v not_o rise_v in_o price_n according_a to_o the_o money_n enhance_v and_o have_v remain_v at_o 20_o s._n for_o 20_o s._n and_o they_o have_v still_o so_o keep_v their_o account_n between_o they_o all_o man_n of_o judgement_n can_v very_o well_o see_v that_o the_o 500_o l._n starlin_n be_v transport_v will_v make_v 600_o l._n flemish_n but_o the_o londoner_n have_v not_o the_o like_a mean_n to_o import_v his_o money_n in_o specie_fw-la from_fw-la beyond_o the_o sea_n where_o the_o same_o be_v enhance_v so_o that_o if_o he_o do_v not_o receive_v their_o 600_o l._n in_o lieu_n of_o his_o 500_o l_o he_o
of_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o staple_n sir_n gilbert_n gerrard_n master_n of_o the_o roll_n and_o sir_n roger_n manwood_n lord_n chief_a baron_n unto_o who_o the_o examination_n of_o that_o business_n be_v refer_v by_o the_o right_n honourable_a the_o then_o lord_n high_a treasurer_n burleigh_n about_o the_o 25_o year_n of_o queen_n eliz._n the_o report_n follow_v in_o haec_fw-la verba_fw-la viz._n we_o have_v since_o our_o last_o certificate_n thereof_o make_v to_o your_o lordship_n according_a to_o your_o lordship_n latter_a direction_n sundry_a time_n hear_v both_o the_o say_a party_n and_o their_o counsel_n and_o think_v it_o best_o now_o to_o certify_v to_o your_o lordship_n more_o at_o large_a the_o effect_n of_o all_o material_a thing_n that_o have_v be_v allege_v and_o show_v of_o either_o party_n for_o the_o proof_n or_o disproof_n of_o the_o matter_n now_o in_o question_n between_o they_o whereof_o some_o part_n now_o show_v to_o we_o be_v more_o than_o be_v show_v before_o and_o first_o for_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o proof_n for_o the_o merchant_n stapler_n touch_v their_o antiquity_n and_o their_o trade_n of_o woollen_a clothes_n be_v as_o hereafter_o follow_v that_o be_v to_o say_v they_o have_v show_v that_o in_o the_o 51_o year_n of_o hen._n 3._o there_o be_v a_o wool_n staple_n and_o wool_n ship_v and_o officer_n belong_v to_o it_o and_o also_o that_o there_o be_v a_o mayor_n and_o company_n of_o stapler_n in_o antwerp_n a_o 12._o of_o edw._n 2._o as_o appear_v by_o a_o record_n out_o of_o the_o office_n of_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o pipe_n in_o the_o exchequer_n also_o they_o do_v show_v forth_o three_o several_a statute_n one_o in_o the_o 14._o of_o ric._n 2._o &_o another_o in_o the_o 11._o of_o hen._n 4._o ca._n 8._o and_o one_o other_o in_o the_o 9_o of_o hen._n 5._o ca._n 9_o whereby_o among_o diverse_a other_o thing_n woollen_a clothes_n be_v recite_v in_o the_o preamble_n to_o be_v merchandize_n of_o the_o staple_n item_n that_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o staple_n have_v ship_v woollen_a clothes_n tempore_fw-la hen._n 6._o as_o by_o the_o custom_n book_n of_o boston_n appear_v wherein_o be_v enter_v that_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o staple_n ship_v cloth_n versus_fw-la leiden_fw-mi in_o holland_n and_o also_o in_o the_o ship_n of_o camphire_n and_o sirecsea_n in_o zealand_n which_o they_o allege_v be_v probable_a to_o go_v into_o the_o low_a country_n for_o that_o at_o that_o time_n there_o be_v no_o trade_n into_o spain_n with_o clothes_n and_o for_o france_n there_o be_v no_o trade_n of_o broad_a clothes_n thither_o and_o the_o ship_n be_v name_v in_o the_o custom_n book_n naviculae_fw-la and_o therefore_o not_o meet_v to_o brook_v the_o spanish_a sea_n to_o carry_v clothes_n thither_o item_n that_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o staple_n have_v prove_v above_o a_o hundred_o mere_a stapler_n not_o free_a of_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n to_o have_v be_v shipper_n of_o woollen_a clothes_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o king_n ric._n 2._o king_n hen._n 6._o king_n edw._n 4._o and_o king_n hen._n 7._o against_o which_o no_o proof_n have_v be_v make_v by_o the_o adventurer_n to_o the_o contrary_a beside_o those_o which_o ship_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n 8._o and_o her_o majesty_n reign_n item_n that_o king_n hen._n 6._o a_o 36._o of_o his_o reign_n by_o his_o charter_n to_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o staple_n do_v publish_v that_o the_o charter_n of_o hen._n 4._o grant_v to_o his_o liege_n and_o now_o allege_v by_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n for_o their_o part_n be_v not_o mean_v to_o trouble_v or_o disquiet_v the_o merchant_n of_o the_o staple_n in_o body_n or_o good_n in_o the_o low_a country_n and_o therefore_o concern_v the_o merchant_n of_o the_o staple_n or_o their_o good_n the_o say_a charter_n of_o hen._n 4._o shall_v not_o extend_v item_n it_o be_v also_o prove_v that_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o staple_n have_v ship_v woollen_a clothes_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o king_n hen._n 8._o and_o some_o in_o this_o queen_n time_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o reign_v of_o ric._n 2._o king_n hen._n 6._o edw._n 4._o and_o king_n hen._n 7._o already_o report_v item_n that_o her_o majesty_n a_o 3._o of_o her_o highness_n reign_n grant_v and_o confirm_v to_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o staple_n all_o such_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n as_o they_o do_v may_v or_o aught_o to_o have_v enjoy_v a_o year_n before_o the_o loss_n of_o calais_n by_o grant_n of_o charter_n law_n prescription_n or_o custom_n notwithstanding_o none_o use_v forfeiture_n abuse_n law_n or_o statute_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n to_o the_o contrary_n whatsoever_o 14._o may_v 1583._o thus_o subscribe_v c._n wray_n g._n gerrard_n roger_n manwood_n this_o be_v a_o true_a copy_n of_o the_o original_n exit_fw-la per_fw-la a._n maynard_n upon_o these_o together_o with_o many_o other_o weighty_a reason_n concern_v the_o convenience_n and_o profit_n of_o this_o state_n then_o tender_v to_o their_o grave_a consideration_n the_o say_a house_n of_o commons_o do_v pass_v a_o bill_n for_o they_o entitle_v a_o act_n restore_v the_o free_a trade_n of_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o staple_n for_o the_o exportation_n of_o cloth_n and_o all_o other_o manufacture_n make_v of_o wool_n in_o the_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n as_o by_o the_o say_a bill_n appear_v so_o that_o whereas_o out_o of_o false_a premise_n misselden_n make_v this_o conclusion_n whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a say_v he_o that_o the_o cloth_n and_o other_o the_o manufacture_n of_o this_o kingdom_n have_v with_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o state_n be_v confer_v upon_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n not_o only_o by_o their_o last_o letter_n patent_n but_o by_o many_o other_o former_a grant_v before_o recite_v i_o answer_v that_o by_o this_o reply_n it_o be_v most_o apparent_a that_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n from_o their_o first_o grant_n make_v in_o the_o eight_o of_o king_n henry_n the_o 4_o unto_o the_o last_o grant_v make_v unto_o they_o in_o the_o fifteen_o year_n of_o his_o majesty_n they_o never_o have_v any_o propriety_n or_o trust_n of_o trade_n commit_v to_o they_o but_o with_o exception_n and_o limitation_n as_o be_v before_o express_v and_o it_o be_v also_o most_o manifest_a that_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o staple_n may_v and_o do_v from_o time_n to_o time_n ship_n cloth_n in_o their_o own_o right_n into_o holland_n &c_n &c_n as_o stapler_n and_o not_o as_o merchant_n adventurer_n wherefore_o the_o power_n which_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n now_o assume_v unto_o themselves_o to_o restrain_v the_o merchant_n of_o the_o staple_n from_o trade_n with_o cloth_n as_o former_o they_o have_v do_v and_o the_o practice_n which_o they_o use_v to_o keep_v out_o other_o merchant_n be_v subject_n of_o his_o majesty_n from_o be_v free_a of_o their_o company_n be_v mere_o by_o colour_n and_o not_o by_o virtue_n of_o any_o of_o their_o grant_n or_o letter_n patent_n whatsoever_o and_o hereby_o misselden_n may_v understand_v what_o the_o difference_n be_v 70._o p._n 70._o between_o authority_n and_o the_o prince_n letter_n patent_n and_o find_v cause_n not_o to_o marvel_v but_o to_o wonder_v at_o his_o exception_n and_o whereas_o he_o have_v put_v another_o gloss_n 56._o p._n 56._o say_v the_o merchant_n of_o the_o staple_n may_v ship_v cloth_n still_o such_o of_o they_o as_o be_v free_a of_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n whereof_o say_v he_o there_o be_v many_o i_o answer_v that_o of_o all_o the_o merchant_n aduentuer_n that_o be_v now_o trader_n in_o cloth_n there_o be_v but_o oâ—ely_o three_o of_o they_o free_a man_n of_o the_o staple_n thus_o far_o have_v i_o follow_v he_o in_o his_o chase_n after_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o staple_n and_o now_o i_o find_v he_o pursue_v another_o of_o his_o suppose_a adversary_n viz._n the_o merchant_n stranger_n stranger_n concern_v the_o trade_n of_o merchant_n stranger_n and_o their_o loss_n or_o the_o lessen_v of_o their_o trade_n he_o will_v salve_v with_o a_o distinction_n of_o cloth_n dress_v and_o undress_v affirm_v that_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n can_v never_o ship_v cloth_n undress_v by_o reason_n of_o certain_a statute_n make_v against_o it_o and_o for_o cloth_n dress_v and_o other_o manufacture_n he_o say_v they_o may_v ship_v they_o still_o pay_v stranger_n custom_n and_o perhaps_o better_a cheap_a also_o this_o point_n i_o think_v and_o especial_o the_o perhaps_o be_v worth_a the_o examine_n it_o be_v true_a that_o there_o be_v statute_n against_o ship_v cloth_n undress_v above_o a_o certain_a value_n but_o there_o have_v be_v ever_o or_o for_o the_o most_o part_n mean_v to_o dispense_v with_o the_o say_a satute_n as_o the_o lord_n of_o cumberland_n his_o licence_n and_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n for_o which_o business_n there_o have_v be_v usual_o heretofore_o a_o officer_n in_o