put_v into_o their_o sack_n together_o with_o the_o corn._n we_o can_v therefore_o clear_o discover_v in_o these_o dark_a time_n of_o antiquity_n who_o be_v the_o first_o inventor_n or_o coiner_n of_o money_n we_o read_v indeed_o in_o genesis_n ch_n 4._o v._n 22._o that_o tubal-cain_n the_o son_n of_o lamech_v and_o sella_n be_v a_o worker_n in_o brass_n and_o iron_n but_o it_o be_v not_o say_v that_o he_o coin_v any_o money_n all_o the_o certainty_n we_o can_v find_v in_o this_o matter_n be_v only_o the_o use_n of_o piece_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n in_o commerce_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n which_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o many_o place_n of_o genesis_n and_o exodus_fw-la and_o by_o the_o 43_o ch_z of_o the_o prophet_n exekiel_n the_o hebrew_n or_o israelite_n use_v many_o piece_n of_o money_n in_o their_o traffic_n the_o great_a cicar_n or_o the_o talon_n of_o the_o sanctuary_n which_o weigh_v 100_o minae_fw-la or_o 250_o roman_a pound_n the_o manch_n or_o i_o which_o weigh_v two_o pound_n and_o a_o half_a or_o 30_o ounce_n the_o shekel_n of_o the_o sanctuary_n which_o weigh_v half_o a_o ounce_n or_o 20_o oboli_fw-la the_o drachma_n which_o have_v a_o harp_n on_o one_o side_n and_o on_o the_o other_o a_o bunch_n of_o grape_n the_o little_a shekel_n which_o weigh_v two_o dram_n the_o gera_n or_o obolus_fw-la which_o weigh_v from_o 14_o to_o 15_o grain_n herodotus_n say_v that_o the_o lydian_n be_v the_o first_o who_o coin_v piece_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n but_o there_o be_v some_o author_n who_o attribute_v the_o first_o coin_v of_o money_n to_o erichthonus_n the_o four_o king_n of_o athens_n and_o other_o who_o ascribe_v it_o to_o jonos_n king_n of_o thessaly_n of_o who_o lucan_n be_v one_o in_o lib._n 7._o of_o his_o pharsalia_n plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o theseus_n the_o ten_o king_n of_o athens_n say_v he_o cause_v piece_n of_o silver_n to_o be_v coin_v of_o the_o value_n of_o two_o drachma_n have_v on_o one_o side_n a_o ox_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o marathonian_n bull_n or_o the_o captain_n minotaurus_n and_o on_o the_o other_o jupiter_n with_o a_o owl_n he_o cause_v also_o another_o piece_n to_o be_v coin_v which_o be_v stamp_v on_o one_o side_n with_o a_o minerva_n and_o on_o the_o other_o with_o two_o owl_n to_o show_v that_o it_o be_v of_o double_a the_o value_n they_o be_v call_v staterae_fw-la be_v worth_a two_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n and_o weigh_v four_o dram_n the_o money_n of_o the_o pelopounesians_n be_v stamp_v with_o a_o snail_n which_o give_v occasion_n to_o that_o proverb_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o snail_n surpass_v wisdom_n and_o virtue_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v all_o thing_n be_v procure_v by_o money_n philip_n the_o father_n of_o alexander_n the_o great_a cause_v piece_n of_o gold_n to_o be_v make_v which_o bear_v his_o own_o image_n and_o name_n plautus_n mention_n they_o in_o his_o bacchides_n ducentos_fw-la nummos_fw-la auros_fw-la philippeos_n probos_fw-la dabin_n '_o the_o cyzicenian_o who_o live_v in_o bythinia_n cause_v piece_n of_o silver_n to_o be_v coin_v of_o a_o very_a fine_a metal_n whereon_o be_v engrave_v the_o goddess_n cybele_n on_o one_o side_n and_o on_o the_o reverse_n be_v a_o lion_n but_o it_o do_v most_o clear_o appear_v that_o among_o the_o roman_n servius_n tullus_n their_o king_n be_v the_o first_o who_o cause_v brass-money_n to_o be_v coin_v for_o in_o former_a time_n they_o use_v brass_n in_o the_o lump_n of_o a_o pound-weight_n which_o be_v call_v ae_z grave_n as_o pliny_n assure_v we_o servius_n rex_fw-la primus_fw-la signavit_fw-la as_o antea_fw-la rudi_fw-la use_n romae_fw-la timaeus_n tradit_fw-la the_o first_o money_n therefore_o that_o the_o roman_n use_v be_v make_v of_o brass_n about_o the_o year_n 180_o from_o the_o building_n of_o rome_n it_o be_v stamp_v with_o a_o sheep_n or_o according_a to_o varro_n with_o a_o ox_n from_o whence_o come_v the_o word_n pecunia_n to_o signify_v silver_n though_o some_o think_v that_o the_o word_n come_v from_o the_o leather-money_n which_o numa_n cause_v to_o be_v make_v ex_fw-la assibus_fw-la scorteis_fw-la nevertheless_o plutarch_n mention_n a_o money_n more_o ancient_a which_o saturn_n cause_v to_o be_v stamp_v have_v on_o one_o side_n his_o own_o figure_n and_o on_o the_o other_o a_o ship_n that_o he_o may_v leave_v to_o posterity_n a_o monument_n of_o his_o flight_n and_o arrival_n in_o italy_n on_o shipboard_n macrobius_n say_v it_o be_v janus_n who_o cause_v this_o money_n to_o be_v stamp_v in_o honour_n of_o saturn_n which_o ovid_n confirm_v in_o these_o verse_n at_o bona_fw-la posteritus_fw-la puppim_fw-la formavit_fw-la in_o aere_fw-la hospitis_fw-la adventum_fw-la testificata_fw-la dei_fw-la whether_o it_o be_v saturn_n or_o janus_n that_o coin_v this_o money_n signify_v little_a nevertheless_o it_o make_v it_o evident_a that_o servius_n tullus_n be_v not_o the_o first_o who_o coin_v brass-money_n unless_o they_o mean_v that_o he_o be_v the_o first_o who_o stamp_v figure_n of_o animal_n on_o it_o and_o give_v it_o a_o currency_n throughout_o italy_n aurelius_n victor_n mention_n a_o certain_a game_n among_o the_o roman_n by_o toss_v up_o a_o piece_n of_o janus_n money_n say_v navi_fw-la a_o dii_fw-la which_o will_v you_o have_v a_o god_n or_o a_o ship_n because_o it_o have_v the_o head_n of_o a_o god_n represent_v on_o one_o side_n and_o a_o ship_n on_o the_o other_o like_o our_o cross_n or_o pile_n yet_o the_o piece_n of_o copper-money_n which_o be_v make_v in_o a_o mass_n of_o a_o pound-weight_n be_v not_o use_v of_o a_o long_a time_n for_o the_o first_o pay_n that_o the_o roman_a legion_n receive_v be_v of_o this_o money_n according_a to_o titus_n livius_n also_o pecuniary_a mulct_n be_v pay_v in_o this_o sort_n of_o coin_n but_o according_a to_o the_o fasti_fw-la capitolini_n in_o the_o year_n 485_o and_o five_o year_n before_o the_o first_o punic_a war_n under_o the_o consulship_n of_o q._n fabius_n maximus_n pictor_n and_o l._n quintius_n gulo_n certain_a silver_n piece_n be_v coin_v which_o be_v call_v denarii_fw-la because_o they_o be_v of_o the_o value_n of_o ten_o ass_n argentum_fw-la signatum_fw-la say_v pliny_n anno_fw-la vrbis_fw-la quadringentesimo_fw-la octogesimo_fw-la qainto_fw-la quinque_fw-la annis_fw-la ante_fw-la primum_fw-la bellum_fw-la panicum_fw-la this_o be_v the_o sum_n of_o what_o have_v be_v hitherto_o say_v of_o the_o roman_a money_n in_o the_o time_n of_o numa_n the_o roman_n use_v leather-money_n nummis_fw-la scorteis_fw-la and_o for_o two_o hundred_o year_n after_o copper_n always_o in_o a_o mass_n of_o a_o pound-weight_n servius_n tullus_n their_o six_o king_n coin_v piece_n of_o a_o less_o value_n which_o he_o call_v trientes_fw-la and_o quadrantes_n these_o have_v the_o figure_n of_o a_o ship_n stamp_v upon_o they_o he_o also_o coin_v other_o kind_n which_o he_o call_v sextantes_fw-la and_o vnciales_n or_o vnciaria_n stips_fw-la these_o be_v all_o the_o sort_n which_o be_v currant_n among_o the_o roman_n all_o this_o time_n there_o be_v also_o several_a small_a sort_n of_o leaden_a money_n according_a to_o martial_a lib._n 10._o epigr._fw-la 74._o centum_fw-la merebor_n plumbeos_fw-la die_fw-la teto_fw-la silver_n piece_n be_v not_o coin_v till_o the_o year_n 485._o viz._n the_o denarius_fw-la which_o be_v ten_o ass_n in_o value_n the_o semidenarius_n call_v quinarius_fw-la or_o five_o ass_n the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o denarius_fw-la call_v sestertium_fw-la and_o last_o the_o teruncius_fw-la all_o these_o sort_n of_o money_n be_v silver_n stamp_v on_o one_o side_n with_o a_o woman_n head_n which_o represent_v rome_n and_o on_o the_o other_o with_o a_o x_o or_o a_o v._o or_o some_o other_o letter_n to_o signify_v the_o value_n upon_o some_o of_o they_o be_v stamp_v the_o image_n of_o caster_n and_o pollux_n two_o roman_n go_n there_o be_v other_o kind_n also_o on_o which_o be_v represent_v victory_n on_o foot_n crown_v a_o trophy_n with_o garland_n seat_v on_o a_o triumphal_a chariot_n hold_v out_o garland_n ready_a to_o crown_v the_o victorious_a festus_n and_o titus_n livius_n call_v they_o nummi_fw-la victorati_fw-la bigati_fw-la quadrigati_fw-la in_o the_o latter_a age_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o master_n of_o the_o mint_n cause_v the_o head_n of_o such_o person_n as_o be_v famous_a either_o in_o war_n or_o peace_n with_o a_o representation_n of_o their_o great_a action_n to_o be_v stamp_v on_o piece_n of_o money_n piece_n of_o gold_n call_v nummi_fw-la aurei_fw-la be_v not_o use_v in_o commerce_n till_o the_o consulship_n of_o claudius_n nero_n and_o livius_n salinator_n which_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 546_o after_o the_o building_n of_o rome_n and_o sixty_o two_o year_n after_o these_o piece_n of_o silver_n begin_v to_o be_v currant_n they_o weigh_v two_o dram_n and_o a_o half_a per_fw-la as_o &_o libram_fw-la or_o aere_fw-la &_o
of_o a_o christian_n than_o of_o a_o stoic_a philosopher_n speak_v so_o well_o of_o the_o contempt_n of_o riches_n sobriety_n and_o submission_n to_o the_o will_n of_o god_n arianus_n his_o disciple_n have_v publish_v four_o book_n of_o his_o say_n or_o sentence_n wherein_o he_o show_v that_o he_o have_v much_o improve_v under_o so_o good_a a_o master_n epicurus_n a_o famous_a philosopher_n author_n of_o the_o epicurean_a sect._n he_o be_v disciple_n both_o to_o democritus_n the_o great_a laugher_n and_o aristippus_n a_o very_a debauch_a man_n and_o be_v say_v lucian_n more_o impious_a and_o debauch_a than_o all_o of_o they_o together_o yet_o good_a company_n and_o a_o lover_n of_o feast_v he_o place_v the_o chief_a felicity_n in_o pleasure_n and_o voluptuousness_n of_o mind_n which_o bring_v tranquillity_n to_o the_o soul_n and_o body_n epidaurum_fw-la a_o city_n of_o sclavonia_n now_o ragusa_n this_o city_n be_v consecrate_v to_o aesculapius_n and_o the_o epidaurian_o build_v he_o a_o magnificent_a temple_n wherein_o the_o statue_n of_o that_o god_n be_v set_v up_o make_v of_o gold_n and_o ivory_n of_o trasimedes_n work_n a_o excellent_a sculpto_fw-la of_o that_o time_n epimenides_n a_o philosopher_n and_o a_o poet_n of_o creta_n who_o stop_v the_o plague_n with_o a_o sacrifice_n of_o sheep_n which_o he_o offer_v to_o the_o unknown_a god_n of_o the_o athenian_n mention_v by_o st_n paul_n it_o be_v say_v that_o he_o fall_v asleep_a in_o a_o cave_n where_o he_o sleep_v seven_o and_o fifty_o year_n epimetheus_n the_o son_n of_o japetus_n brother_n to_o prometheus_n who_o have_v forbid_v he_o to_o accept_v of_o any_o present_a from_o jupiter_n but_o pandora_n come_v to_o he_o from_o jupiter_n and_o present_v he_o with_o a_o box_n wherein_o all_o the_o evil_n of_o nature_n be_v enclose_v at_o the_o open_n of_o the_o box_n all_o these_o evil_n fly_v out_o and_o fill_v the_o earth_n with_o disease_n and_o calamity_n and_o there_o remain_v nothing_o but_o hope_n only_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o box._n epitaphia_fw-la epitaph_n inscription_n set_v on_o the_o tomb_n of_o the_o dead_a or_o the_o marble_n of_o the_o sepulcher_n the_o greek_n set_v on_o only_o the_o name_n of_o the_o dead_a with_o these_o epithet_n good_a man_n or_o good_a woman_n good_a morrow_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d nicon_n the_o son_n of_o zenon_n good_a man_n good_a morrow_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d olympia_n good_a woman_n good_a morrow_n pausanius_n observe_v that_o the_o custom_n among_o the_o sicyonian_o be_v to_o set_v on_o the_o tomb_n only_o the_o name_n of_o the_o person_n with_o the_o word_n of_o greeting_n xaipe_n yet_o the_o greek_n add_v often_o to_o their_o epitaph_n the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d though_o all_o the_o man_n for_o who_o these_o epitaph_n be_v write_v be_v not_o hero_n as_o this_o word_n signify_v the_o athenian_n set_v on_o only_o the_o name_n of_o the_o dead_a with_o the_o name_n of_o his_o father_n and_o tribe_n the_o roman_n add_v at_o the_o top_n of_o their_o epitaph_n diis_fw-la manibus_fw-la which_o be_v sometime_o express_v only_o by_o half_n dis_n man._n and_o very_o often_o with_o two_o letter_n d._n m._n and_o the_o roman_a native_n write_v their_o epitaph_n in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._o e._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o in_o the_o follow_a inscription_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o the_o god_n mane_n to_o julius_n alcaeus_n his_o father_n very_o pious_a julius_n lamprocles_n have_v dedicate_v this_o monument_n this_o epitaph_n and_o the_o like_a be_v of_o roman_n who_o inhabit_v greece_n or_o of_o greek_n live_v at_o rome_n and_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o the_o native_n of_o greece_n and_o especial_o those_o who_o live_v before_o they_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o roman_n dedicate_v thus_o their_o tomb_n to_o the_o god_n mane_n the_o roman_n be_v also_o use_v to_o introduce_v their_o dead_a speak_v in_o the_o epitaph_n c._n julius_n c._n l._n barnaeus_n ollam_fw-la ejus_fw-la si_fw-it qui_fw-la violarit_fw-la ad_fw-la inferos_fw-la non_fw-fr recipiatur_fw-la c._n julius_n barnaus_n freedman_n of_o caius_n lie_v here_o if_o any_o man_n profane_v his_o urn_n do_v let_v he_o be_v admit_v in_o hell_n sometime_o their_o epitaph_n be_v full_a of_o moral_a expression_n adorn_v with_o fine_a carvingwork_n and_o architecture_n which_o not_o only_o serve_v for_o a_o ornament_n to_o their_o monument_n but_o also_o for_o a_o instruction_n to_o posterity_n by_o the_o achievement_n they_o represent_v and_o the_o moral_a thought_n thereby_o suggest_v epulones_n minister_n of_o the_o sacrifice_n of_o the_o go_n pomponius_n latus_fw-la relate_v their_o history_n take_v out_o of_o a_o passage_n in_o cicero_n de_fw-la oratore_fw-la viz._n the_o pontiff_n not_o be_v able_a to_o attend_v all_o the_o sacrifice_n that_o be_v offer_v at_o rome_n upon_o the_o altar_n of_o so_o many_o god_n who_o be_v adore_v there_o ordain_v three_o minister_n who_o they_o call_v epulones_n to_o attend_v the_o holy_a feast_n at_o the_o solemn_a game_n he_o add_v that_o this_o priesthood_n be_v very_o ancient_a though_o no_o man_n can_v tell_v exact_o the_o time_n of_o the_o institution_n thereof_o livy_n tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v institute_v in_o the_o year_n 553_o during_o the_o consulate_a of_o fulvius_n purpurio_n and_o marcellus_n and_o that_o there_o be_v but_o three_o create_v upon_o the_o motion_n of_o t._n romulcius_n the_o privilege_n of_o wear_v the_o gown_n edge_v with_o purple_a like_o the_o pontiff_n be_v grant_v to_o they_o afterward_o their_o number_n be_v increase_v to_o seven_o to_o who_o julius_n caesar_n add_v three_o more_o to_o make_v up_o the_o number_n of_o ten_o their_o duty_n be_v to_o furnish_v banquet_n for_o jupiter_n and_o the_o other_o god_n of_o his_o retinue_n at_o their_o public_a sport_n or_o at_o the_o birth_n of_o emperor_n wherefore_o these_o officer_n be_v call_v epulones_n and_o the_o banquet_n jovis_n epulum_fw-la jupiter_n be_v there_o lie_v upon_o a_o bed_n with_o a_o pillow_n under_o his_o head_n and_o juno_n with_o minerva_n sit_v at_o his_o side_n the_o sacrifice_n be_v over_o the_o god_n be_v serve_v as_o if_o they_o be_v able_a to_o eat_v the_o epulones_n perform_v that_o function_n for_o they_o epulum_fw-la a_o banquet_n a_o holy_a feast_n prepare_v for_o the_o god_n their_o statue_n be_v common_o lay_v upon_o a_o bed_n and_o they_o be_v serve_v as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v hungry_a but_o this_o be_v the_o function_n of_o the_o minister_n of_o the_o sacrifice_n call_v for_o that_o reason_n epuloâ—et_o eratâ—_n â—â—e_v of_o the_o muse_n who_o rule_v amoroâ—â—â—â—_n eratosthenes_n a_o cyreneus_n philosopher_n scholar_n to_o aristo_n and_o callimachus_n library_n keeper_n at_o alexandria_n to_o ptolomcus_n evergetes_n king_n of_o egypt_n he_o be_v beside_o a_o grammarian_n a_o poet_n a_o philosopher_n and_o be_v call_v for_o his_o learning_n the_o second_o plato_n he_o be_v also_o skilful_a in_o astronomy_n and_o the_o first_o man_n who_o correct_v some_o mistake_n of_o ancient_a astronomer_n he_o die_v in_o the_o 82_o year_n of_o his_o age._n eratostratus_n a_o man_n of_o ephesus_n who_o set_v on_o fire_n the_o temple_n of_o diana_n to_o perpetuate_v his_o name_n to_o posterity_n the_o ephesian_n to_o disappoint_v he_o under_o severe_a penalty_n forbid_v the_o mention_v his_o name_n erebus_n a_o god_n of_o hell_n bear_v of_o the_o chaos_n and_o darkness_n it_o be_v also_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o hebrew_n ereb_n i._n e._n vespera_fw-la nox_fw-la poet_n take_v he_o for_o hell_n and_o virgil_n for_o a_o river_n of_o hell_n eresicthon_n a_o thessalian_a who_o destroy_v a_o forest_n consecrate_v to_o ceres_n and_o be_v therefore_o so_o cruel_o punish_v by_o famine_n that_o have_v consume_v all_o his_o wealth_n he_o be_v oblige_v to_o sell_v his_o daughter_n metra_fw-la who_o have_v obtain_v of_o 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to_o dag_n a_o fish_n last_o juno_n or_o astarte_n take_v the_o figure_n of_o a_o cow_n because_o hastaroth_n signify_v herd_n of_o oxen._n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o from_o the_o time_n of_o moses_n the_o egyptian_n worship_v their_o god_n under_o the_o figure_n of_o animal_n since_o moses_n himself_o answer_v that_o the_o israelite_n can_v not_o offer_v a_o solemn_a sacrifice_n in_o egypt_n lest_o they_o shall_v expose_v themselves_o to_o be_v stone_v by_o the_o egyptian_n who_o god_n they_o must_v sacrifice_v to_o the_o true_a god_n anna_n perenna_n this_o fabulous_a story_n be_v tell_v of_o she_o this_o anna_n according_a to_o some_o author_n be_v the_o daughter_n of_o belus_n and_o sister_n of_o dido_n who_o flee_v to_o battus_n king_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o malta_n after_o the_o death_n of_o her_o sister_n when_o hierbas_n the_o king_n of_o the_o getuli_n attempt_v to_o take_v carthage_n when_o she_o perceive_v herself_o not_o safe_a with_o battus_n because_o of_o 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barbarous_a king_n will_v deliver_v he_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o roman_n thus_o die_v this_o great_a general_n after_o he_o have_v make_v war_n sixteen_o year_n in_o italy_n win_v several_a battle_n bring_v several_a nation_n to_o a_o submission_n either_o by_o force_n or_o agreement_n besiege_v rome_n and_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o divers_a city_n juvenal_n have_v brief_o run_v over_o the_o great_a exploit_n of_o annibal_n conclude_v that_o all_o this_o glory_n end_v at_o last_o with_o be_v conquer_v banish_a and_o live_v as_o a_o fugitive_n reduce_v to_o so_o mean_v a_o condition_n as_o to_o court_v a_o petty_a king_n of_o asia_n and_o last_o with_o kill_v himself_o by_o a_o ring_n which_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o revenge_n on_o he_o for_o that_o incredible_a multitude_n of_o ring_n which_o he_o have_v take_v from_o the_o roman_a noble_n slay_v in_o the_o battle_n of_o cannae_n lucian_n make_v he_o speak_v thus_o of_o himself_o in_o one_o of_o his_o dialogue_n of_o the_o dead_a have_v pass_v out_o of_o africa_n into_o spain_n with_o a_o handful_n of_o man_n i_o first_o make_v myself_o famous_a by_o my_o valour_n and_o after_o the_o death_n of_o my_o wife_n brother_n have_v the_o command_n of_o the_o army_n i_o subdue_v the_o spaniard_n and_o western_a gaul_n then_o march_v over_o the_o alps_o i_o conquer_v all_o italy_n as_o far_o as_o rome_n after_o i_o have_v gain_v three_o great_a battle_n and_o slay_v in_o one_o day_n so_o many_o enemy_n that_o i_o measure_v the_o gold_n ring_v which_o the_o knight_n be_v by_o the_o bushel_n and_o march_v upon_o a_o bridge_n of_o dead_a body_n be_v recall_v into_o africa_n to_o oppose_v scipio_n i_o obey_v as_o if_o i_o have_v be_v one_o of_o the_o mean_a of_o the_o citizen_n and_o after_o be_v unjust_o condemn_v i_o bear_v my_o banishment_n patient_o annona_fw-la the_o victual_n or_o the_o provision_n of_o corn_n for_o a_o year_n annona_fw-la civilis_fw-la the_o corn_n with_o which_o the_o granary_n of_o city_n 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cap_n of_o fine_a leather_n to_o who_o he_o say_v that_o his_o head_n be_v shod_a they_o make_v use_v also_o of_o the_o bark_n of_o a_o tree_n which_o they_o weave_v or_o knit_v as_o martianus_n capella_n tell_v we_o calceos_fw-la praeterca_fw-la ex_fw-la papyro_fw-la textili_fw-la subligavit_fw-la which_o be_v also_o mention_v by_o benedictus_n balduinus_n in_o book_n 3._o de_fw-la calceis_fw-la antiquis_fw-la these_o sort_n of_o shoe_n be_v especial_o use_v in_o egypt_n for_o the_o priest_n wear_v they_o when_o they_o sacrifice_v to_o the_o god_n they_o make_v they_o also_o of_o broom_n and_o rush_n and_o they_o be_v call_v spartei_fw-la and_o juncei_fw-la calcei_fw-la which_o fashion_n come_v from_o foreign_a country_n and_o these_o the_o spanish_a peasant_n wear_v as_o pliny_n testify_v they_o make_v they_o also_o of_o flaxen_a cloth_n very_o white_a embroider_v and_o enrich_v with_o pearl_n and_o diamond_n history_n inform_v we_o that_o the_o emperor_n antoninus_n surname_v philosophus_fw-la and_o his_o successor_n till_o constantine_n time_n wear_v shoe_n of_o this_o sort_n they_o make_v use_v also_o of_o metal_n to_o make_v shoe_n as_o iron_n brass_n gold_n and_o silver_n empedocles_n wear_v shoe_n or_o slipper_n of_o brass_n which_o give_v occasion_n to_o that_o apostrophe_n of_o lucian_n in_o his_o dialogue_n to_o he_o god_n preserve_v you_o good_a master_n slip-shoe_n the_o roman_n have_v shoe_n of_o iron_n but_o they_o be_v use_v for_o the_o punishment_n of_o christian_n during_o the_o persecution_n they_o put_v great_a nail_n into_o they_o which_o they_o cause_v to_o be_v make_v red-hot_a as_o be_v do_v to_o st._n basil_n ferreas_fw-la crepidas_fw-la ignitis_fw-la clavis_fw-la confixas_fw-la calceatus_fw-la they_o wear_v also_o shoe_n of_o massy_a gold_n and_o other_o which_o be_v only_o gild_v plautus_n in_o his_o bacchides_n speak_v of_o a_o very_a rich_a man_n who_o wear_v shoe_n who_o sol_n be_v of_o gold_n etiam_fw-la rogas_fw-la qui_fw-la 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calcei_fw-la mullei_fw-mi soleae_fw-la sandalia_fw-la cothurni_fw-la caligae_fw-la gallicae_n crepidae_fw-la socci_fw-la perones_fw-la ocreae_fw-la to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v those_o which_o be_v introduce_v by_o custom_n borrow_a for_o the_o most_o part_n from_o the_o strange_a fashion_n of_o divers_a people_n which_o be_v the_o campagi_n phaecasia_n sicyonia_n alcibiadae_n amiclaidae_n anaxyrides_n arpide_n laconicae_fw-la lymphides_n persicae_fw-la scythicae_fw-la iphicratides_n of_o each_o of_o which_o we_o shall_v speak_v according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o alphabet_n calceus_fw-la which_o we_o now_o call_v a_o shoe_n be_v different_a from_o we_o in_o this_o that_o it_o cover_v half_a the_o leg_n and_o be_v open_a in_o the_o forepart_n and_o be_v tie_v with_o thong_n or_o strap_n which_o they_o call_v corrigias_fw-la calceamenti_fw-la this_o may_v be_v easy_o observe_v from_o the_o passage_n of_o sidonius_n apollinaris_n etconcurrentibus_fw-la anfis_fw-la vinclorum_fw-la pandas_fw-la texunt_fw-la per_fw-la crura_fw-la catenas_fw-la this_o shoe_n be_v extreme_a close_o upon_o the_o foot_n when_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o be_v handsome_o shod_a and_o thence_o it_o be_v call_v tersum_fw-la calceum_fw-la or_o tentipellium_fw-la and_o it_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o carelessness_n or_o poverty_n to_o have_v a_o shoe_n too_o big_a and_o your_o foot_n loose_v in_o it_o and_o bag_n out_o laxum_fw-la calceum_fw-la follentem_fw-la or_o follicantem_fw-la which_o make_v ovid_n caution_n his_o mistress_n to_o take_v heed_n that_o her_o shoe_n be_v not_o too_o big_a nec_fw-la vagas_fw-la in_o laxâ_fw-la pes_fw-la tibi_fw-la pelle_fw-la natet_fw-la thus_o st._n jerom_n say_v that_o all_o the_o care_n of_o worldly_a man_n be_v to_o be_v handsome_o clothe_v and_o shod_a omnis_fw-la bis_fw-la cura_fw-la in_o vestibus_fw-la si_fw-la benè_fw-la oleant_fw-la si_fw-la pes_fw-la in_o laxâ_fw-la pelle_fw-la non_fw-la folliat_v to_o shun_v this_o they_o take_v care_n to_o tie_v their_o strap_n close_o as_o tibullus_n tell_v we_o ansaque_fw-la compressos_fw-la alligat_fw-la arcta_fw-la pedes_fw-la and_o to_o stuff_v they_o with_o lock_n of_o wool_n and_o such_o like_a thing_n as_o we_o learn_v from_o tertullian_n stipabant_fw-la tomento_fw-la upon_o which_o word_n rhenanus_fw-la ses_fw-fr stipant_fw-la ne_fw-la follicet_fw-la calceus_fw-la they_o stuff_v it_o with_o wool_n for_o fear_n leave_v it_o shall_v have_v wrinkle_n and_o the_o foot_n turn_v about_o in_o it_o the_o toe_n of_o the_o shoe_n end_v in_o a_o point_n bend_v a_o little_a backward_o which_o they_o call_v calceum_fw-la rostratum_fw-la repandum_fw-la uncinatum_fw-la and_o those_o who_o wear_v they_o so_o be_v call_v uncipede_v as_o tertullian_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr pallio_fw-la c._n 5._o such_o be_v the_o shoe_n of_o juno_n as_o cicero_n inform_v we_o cum_fw-la â—â—lceis_n repandis_fw-la the_o common_a citizen_n wear_v black_a shoe_n and_o the_o ordinary_a woman_n wear_v white_a and_o therefore_o lipsius_n seem_v to_o be_v mistake_v when_o he_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o shoe_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v white_a and_o ground_n his_o opinion_n upon_o a_o passage_n of_o martial_a where_o it_o be_v say_v calceus_fw-la candidior_fw-la sit_fw-la primâ_fw-la nive_v but_o this_o learned_a man_n doubtless_o do_v not_o take_v notice_n that_o in_o this_o place_n martial_n blame_v cecinna_n because_o he_o have_v a_o very_a nafty_a gown_n and_o wear_v shoe_n as_o white_a as_o snow_n what_o be_v aâ—hrmed_v by_o horace_n and_o juvenal_n be_v more_o probable_a therefore_o that_o they_o wear_v black_a nevertheless_o it_o be_v true_a that_o some_o man_n wear_v white_a shoe_n under_o the_o emperor_n for_o we_o read_v in_o spartianus_n that_o alexander_n severus_n forbid_v man_n to_o use_v they_o and_o permit_v the_o use_n of_o they_o only_o to_o woman_n who_o wear_v also_o some_o that_o be_v red_a and_o some_o of_o other_o colour_n which_o make_v persius_n caution_n a_o young_a man_n to_o take_v heed_n lest_o his_o mistress_n shall_v cuff_v he_o with_o her_o red_a patten_n soleâ_fw-la objurgabere_fw-la rubrâ_fw-la the_o shoe_n of_o senator_n patricians_z and_o their_o child_n have_v something_o like_o a_o crescent_n at_o the_o end_n which_o make_v the_o figure_n of_o a_o c_o to_o show_v that_o they_o be_v descend_v of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o first_o 100_o senator_n or_o father_n which_o romulus_n institute_v after_o the_o build_n of_o his_o new_a city_n plutarch_n give_v other_o reason_n for_o it_o reside_v this_o crescent_n be_v upon_o the_o instep_n and_o serve_v to_o tie_v the_o shoe_n close_o as_o now_o our_o buckle_n do_v if_o we_o will_v believe_v balduinus_n who_o pretend_v to_o prove_v it_o by_o this_o verse_n of_o statius_n primaque_fw-la patriciâ_fw-la clausit_fw-la vestigia_fw-la lunâ_fw-la and_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o triaguellus_n upon_o the_o five_o book_n of_o alexand._n neap._n lunulae_n say_v he_o in_o calceis_fw-la erant_fw-la fibulae_fw-la eburneae_fw-la ad_fw-la instar_fw-la lunae_fw-la corniculantes_fw-la these_o crescent_n be_v make_v of_o different_a matter_n as_o gold_n silver_n and_o ivory_n adorn_v with_o diamond_n and_o other_o precious_a stone_n the_o chief_a roman_a magistrate_n wear_v common_o red_a shoe_n on_o day_n of_o ceremony_n and_o triumph_n the_o great_a part_n of_o writer_n will_v have_v the_o emperor_n dioclesian_n to_o be_v the_o first_o who_o wear_v precious_a stone_n upon_o his_o shoe_n and_o that_o he_o present_v they_o to_o be_v kiss_v by_o those_o who_o do_v he_o reverence_n yet_o we_o find_v that_o heliogabalus_n wear_v they_o before_o he_o as_o also_o alexander_n severus_n and_o pliny_n speak_v of_o this_o custom_n as_o a_o abuse_n very_o common_a in_o his_o time_n the_o slave_n wear_v no_o shoe_n but_o go_v barefoot_a and_o for_o that_o reason_n they_o be_v call_v cretati_fw-la or_o gypsati_fw-la from_o their_o dusty_a foot_n there_o be_v also_o some_o freeman_n that_o go_v barefooted_a and_o tacitus_n observe_v that_o photion_n and_o cato_n vticensis_n and_o many_o other_o walk_v without_o shoe_n but_o these_o example_n be_v rare_a and_o general_o speak_v all_o person_n that_o be_v of_o a_o free_a condition_n walk_v always_o shod_a
of_o rhodes_n be_v a_o statue_n of_o apollo_n so_o high_a that_o ship_n pass_v with_o full_a sail_n betwixt_o its_o leg_n it_o be_v the_o workmanship_n of_o chares_n a_o disciple_n of_o the_o renown_a lysippus_n he_o be_v 12_o year_n about_o it_o and_o it_o be_v overthrow_v by_o a_o earthquake_n 56_o year_n after_o it_o be_v erect_v they_o load_v 900_o camel_n with_o the_o brass_n this_o coloss_n be_v make_v of_o the_o basis_n that_o support_v the_o statue_n be_v of_o a_o triangular_a figure_n its_o extremity_n be_v sustain_v with_o 60_o pillar_n of_o marble_n there_o be_v a_o wind_a staircase_n to_o go_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o it_o from_o that_o place_n one_o may_v discover_v syria_n and_o the_o ship_n that_o go_v into_o egypt_n in_o a_o great_a looking-glass_n that_o be_v hang_v about_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o statue_n columna_fw-la around_o pillar_n to_o bear_v up_o a_o building_n or_o adorn_v it_o there_o be_v pillar_n make_v of_o wood_n stone_n marble_n brass_n jasper_n lapis_fw-la lazuli_fw-la etc._n etc._n there_o be_v some_o wreathe_v channel_v detach_v etc._n etc._n to_o make_v they_o appear_v big_a or_o more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o sight_n the_o diversity_n of_o these_o pillar_n give_v the_o name_n to_o the_o five_o order_n of_o architecture_n the_o tuscan_a doric_a jonick_a corinthian_a and_o composite_a in_o the_o temple_n of_o diana_n of_o ephesus_n there_o be_v 127_o pillar_n all_o of_o a_o piece_n and_o 60_o foot_n high_a which_o have_v be_v erect_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o so_o many_o king_n columna_fw-la trajani_n the_o pillar_n of_o trajan_n this_o pillar_n be_v set_v up_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o place_n that_o the_o emperor_n trajan_n have_v adorn_v it_o be_v 128_o foot_n high_a they_o go_v up_o to_o it_o by_o a_o staircase_n of_o 185_o step_n and_o 45_o window_n there_o be_v represent_v round_o about_o it_o in_o basso_n relievo_fw-la the_o noble_a act_n of_o that_o prince_n the_o senate_n set_v up_o this_o pillar_n in_o honour_n of_o trajan_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o war_n against_o the_o parthian_n and_o after_o his_o death_n they_o bring_v his_o ash_n in_o a_o golden_a urn_n from_o seleucia_n a_o town_n in_o syria_n where_o he_o die_v and_o place_v the_o urn_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pillar_n columna_fw-la antonini_n the_o pillar_n of_o antoninus_n this_o pillar_n be_v in_o the_o field_n of_o mars_n and_o be_v 176_o foot_n high_a with_o a_o staircase_n of_o 106_o step_n and_o 56_o window_n and_o a_o statue_n at_o the_o top_n of_o it_o represent_v antoninus_n columna_fw-la milliaris_fw-la a_o milliary_a pillar_n the_o ancient_n make_v use_v of_o this_o pillar_n to_o mark_v out_o the_o mile_n or_o the_o league_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o columnae_n herculis_n the_o pillar_n of_o hercules_n these_o pillar_n be_v two_o mountain_n situate_v at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o straight_a of_o gibraltar_n one_o call_v calpè_fw-la the_o other_o abyla_n both_o opposite_a one_o to_o another_o the_o 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government_n and_o the_o particular_a governor_n give_v he_o a_o account_n of_o their_o respective_a administration_n and_o if_o any_o of_o their_o have_v prevarricate_v he_o punish_v they_o according_a to_o their_o misdemeanour_n comes_fw-la rei_fw-la militaris_fw-la he_o command_v the_o soldier_n in_o the_o army_n and_o have_v a_o equal_a authority_n with_o the_o captain_n of_o the_o province_n comes_fw-la stabuli_fw-la the_o great_a master_n of_o the_o horse_n he_o be_v to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o province_n shall_v deliver_v the_o horse_n that_o they_o do_v owe_v every_o year_n to_o the_o emperor_n wherefore_o these_o horse_n be_v call_v equi_fw-la canonici_fw-la this_o officer_n be_v very_o much_o respect_v in_o the_o roman_a empire_n as_o the_o great_a constable_n be_v former_o in_o france_n or_o the_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n be_v now_o in_o england_n comes_fw-la scholarum_fw-la this_o officer_n be_v a_o inspector_n over_o all_o the_o subaltern_a officer_n of_o the_o emperor_n there_o be_v eleven_o class_n of_o they_o that_o be_v employ_v about_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o prince_n in_o the_o province_n and_o the_o army_n each_o classis_fw-la have_v his_o chief_a commander_n who_o be_v call_v comes_n or_o caput_fw-la scholae_fw-la comes_fw-la sacrarum_fw-la largitionum_fw-la the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o gift_n and_o liberality_n or_o alm_n of_o the_o prince_n which_o he_o destribute_v among_o the_o soldier_n and_o the_o people_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n these_o treasurer_n be_v call_v questor_n some_o emperor_n suppress_v they_o and_o some_o other_o restore_v they_o again_o but_o constantine_n the_o great_a institute_v two_o treasurer_n to_o manage_v his_o revenue_n and_o both_o be_v call_v comites_fw-la the_o fond_a of_o this_o grant_n or_o bounty_n money_n be_v raise_v in_o the_o province_n and_o send_v into_o the_o prince_n coffer_n call_v arcae_fw-la largitionum_fw-la the_o collector_n establish_v to_o collect_v this_o money_n be_v call_v exactores_fw-la canonicarii_fw-la comes_fw-la privatarumrerum_fw-la domus_fw-la divinae_fw-la the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o casual_a forfeiture_n he_o gather_v the_o money_n that_o fall_v to_o the_o prince_n by_o chance_n as_o forfeiture_n and_o other_o escheat_n or_o good_n of_o mortmain_n comes_fw-la domesticorum_fw-la equitum_fw-la &_o peditum_fw-la a_o colonel_n of_o the_o archer_n of_o the_o emperor_n guard_n establish_v by_o the_o young_a gordian_a there_o be_v before_o the_o emperor_n gordian_n time_n some_o company_n of_o guard_n but_o he_o raise_v some_o more_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n for_o his_o own_o guard_n to_o attend_v always_o his_o person_n wherefore_o they_o be_v call_v protectores_fw-la domestici_fw-la praesentales_fw-la they_o be_v in_o all_o 3500_o choose_v and_o strong_a man_n bear_v in_o armenia_n justinianus_n add_v to_o that_o number_n 2000_o more_o who_o be_v call_v supernumerarii_fw-la they_o be_v command_v by_o three_o officer_n the_o first_o be_v comes_n the_o second_o tribunus_n protectorum_fw-la and_o the_o three_o primicerius_fw-la protectorum_fw-la comes_fw-la patrimonij_fw-la treasurer_n of_o the_o demesn_a he_o receive_v the_o money_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o prince_n comes_fw-la castrensis_fw-la balatij_fw-la the_o lord_n high_a steward_n of_o the_o prince_n household_n he_o take_v care_n of_o the_o prince_n table_n and_o command_v all_o the_o officer_n and_o wait_a gentleman_n of_o the_o house_n call_v in_o general_a mensores_fw-la i._n e._n mensa_fw-la regis_fw-la servientes_fw-la he_o command_v also_o the_o lampadorij_fw-la i._n e._n those_o that_o look_v after_o and_o carry_v the_o lamp_n etc._n etc._n comitia_fw-la assembly_n of_o people_n which_o be_v threefold_a for_o either_o they_o be_v make_v up_o by_o ward_n or_o curiae_fw-la and_o then_o be_v call_v comitia_fw-la curiata_fw-la or_o by_o tribe_n comitia_fw-la tributa_fw-la or_o by_o hundred_o comitia_fw-la centuriata_fw-la according_a to_o the_o division_n of_o the_o roman_a people_n in_o the_o first_o assembly_n where_o they_o choose_v the_o inferior_a magistrate_n no_o man_n be_v allow_v to_o vote_n but_o the_o citizen_n of_o rome_n in_o the_o two_o other_o assembly_n not_o only_o the_o citizen_n of_o rome_n have_v a_o right_a to_o vote_n but_o also_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o colony_n and_o municipal_a to_n in_o these_o great_a assembly_n they_o choose_v the_o great_a magistrate_n and_o take_v into_o consideration_n the_o most_o important_a affair_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n vide_fw-la infra_fw-la centuriata_fw-la curiata_fw-la and_o tributa_fw-la comitium_fw-la the_o place_n where_o the_o assembly_n meet_v at_o rome_n it_o be_v one_o side_n of_o the_o forum_n romanum_n or_o the_o place_n of_o rome_n this_o place_n be_v cover_v and_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o scaffold_n or_o high_a and_o spacious_a theatre_n call_v the_o place_n for_o oration_n adorn_v with_o bow_n or_o four_o deck_n of_o ship_n take_v from_o the_o antiate_n in_o the_o first_o memorable_a sea-fight_n the_o roman_n be_v engage_v in_o from_o this_o place_n they_o
fall_v to_o adherbal_n but_o so_o soon_o as_o opimius_n have_v leave_v africa_n jugurtha_n invade_v his_o brother_n territory_n where_o he_o destroy_v all_o and_o besiege_v he_o in_o cirtha_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o so_o streighten_v he_o that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o surrender_v jugurtha_n put_v he_o to_o death_n with_o all_o his_o faithful_a servant_n a._n m._n 3941._o r._n 640._o p._n cornelius_n scipio_n nasica_n l._n calpurnius_n bestia_n the_o news_n of_o what_o jugurtha_n have_v do_v in_o africa_n be_v bring_v to_o rome_n a_o war_n be_v proclaim_v against_o he_o and_o the_o consul_n calpurnius_n be_v send_v into_o africa_n this_o cruel_a prince_n send_v a_o embassy_n to_o rome_n to_o bribe_v the_o senator_n and_o people_n with_o rich_a present_n but_o his_o ambassador_n be_v order_v to_o depart_v italy_n in_o ten_o day_n and_o jugurtha_n be_v summon_v to_o appear_v at_o rome_n in_o person_n to_o justify_v himself_o he_o come_v thither_o upon_o the_o parole_n of_o cassius_n the_o proeror_n who_o have_v be_v send_v to_o notify_v unto_o he_o the_o order_n of_o the_o senate_n memmius_n tribune_n of_o the_o people_n accuse_v he_o of_o have_v put_v to_o death_n the_o two_o son_n of_o massinissa_n his_o father_n and_o benefactor_n but_o he_o get_v off_o of_o this_o impeachment_n with_o money_n but_o upon_o advice_n that_o massiva_n son_n of_o gulossa_n have_v be_v murder_v by_o his_o order_n he_o be_v shameful_o banish_v out_o of_o rome_n and_o at_o his_o go_v out_o of_o the_o town_n he_o speak_v these_o word_n o_o infamous_a town_n thou_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v if_o thou_o can_v find_v a_o buyer_n scipio_n pull_v down_o a_o very_a fine_a theatre_n that_o lucius_n cassius_n have_v begin_v lest_o the_o roman_n courage_n shall_v be_v soften_v and_o effeminate_a by_o the_o luxury_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o greek_n a._n m._n 3942._o r._n 641._o spurius_n posthumius_fw-la albinus_n m._n minutius_n rufus_n albinus_n be_v send_v against_o jugurtha_n but_o he_o come_v back_o to_o rome_n because_o the_o meeting_n of_o their_o assembly_n or_o commitia_n require_v his_o presence_n and_o leave_v his_o brother_n aulus_n to_o command_v in_o africa_n aulus_n out_o of_o a_o desire_n of_o gain_v glory_n lay_v siege_n to_o stul_n a_o town_n impregnable_a by_o its_o situation_n but_o jugurtha_n attack_v his_o camp_n in_o the_o night_n and_o make_v a_o great_a slaughter_n of_o his_o man_n aulus_n retire_v upon_o a_o hill_n with_o the_o scatter_a remnant_n of_o his_o army_n but_o jugurtha_n besiege_v he_o the_o next_o day_n and_o force_v he_o to_o surrender_v upon_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v pass_v under_o the_o yoke_n himself_o and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o soldier_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v quit_v africa_n a._n m._n 3943._o r._n 642._o q._n caecilius_n metellus_n numidicus_n m._n syllanus_n metellus_n go_v into_o africa_n which_o put_v jugurtha_n under_o a_o consternation_n metellus_n seize_v upon_o vacca_n a_o large_a town_n where_o he_o keep_v his_o magazine_n and_o then_o besiege_v zama_n the_o chief_a town_n of_o numidia_n but_o be_v perpetual_o harass_v by_o jugurtha_n he_o raise_v the_o siege_n a._n m._n 3944._o r._n 643._o sergius_n sulpitius_n galba_n m._n aemilius_z scaurus_n jugurtha_n make_v great_a preparation_n of_o war_n and_o attempt_v to_o corrupt_v the_o roman_a garrison_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o vacta_n irritate_v by_o the_o covetousness_n of_o the_o roman_n return_v to_o the_o subjection_n of_o their_o ancient_a master_n but_o metellus_n retake_v that_o place_n destroy_v the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o and_o permit_v his_o soldier_n to_o plunder_v it_o then_o he_o march_v against_o jugurtha_n who_o he_o defeat_v and_o force_v he_o to_o retire_v to_o bocus_n his_o son-in-law_n king_n of_o mauritania_n a_o m._n 3945._o r._n 644._o l._n cassius_n longinus_n c._n marius_n this_o last_o consul_n have_v the_o management_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o africa_n he_o form_v a_o design_n upon_o capsa_n one_o of_o the_o most_o powerful_a town_n of_o africa_n take_v it_o without_o resistance_n and_o give_v it_o up_o to_o his_o soldier_n to_o be_v pillage_v afterward_o he_o engage_v bocus_n and_o jugurtha_n near_o cirtha_n and_o get_v a_o complete_a victory_n over_o they_o bocus_n deliver_v up_o his_o father-in-law_n to_o marius_n pursuant_n to_o a_o secret_a treaty_n between_o they_o hircanus_n king_n and_o sovereign_a pontiff_n of_o the_o jew_n renew_v the_o confederacy_n with_o the_o roman_a people_n a._n m._n 3946._o r._n 645._o q._n servilius_z sepio_fw-la c._n attilius_n serranus_n the_o cimbri_n and_o teutoni_n begin_v to_o fright_v italy_n some_o think_v these_o nation_n to_o be_v the_o scythae_n other_o will_v have_v they_o to_o be_v the_o german_n of_o the_o north_n they_o be_v three_o hundred_o thousand_o fight_a man_n beside_o a_o great_a number_n of_o woman_n and_o slave_n a._n m._n 3947._o r._n 646._o q._n rutilius_n rufus_n c._n manlius_n the_o cimbri_n and_o teutoni_n defeat_v the_o two_o consul_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n rhone_n this_o loss_n bring_v so_o great_a a_o fear_n upon_o rome_n that_o it_o be_v parallel_v by_o historian_n with_o the_o fright_n that_o seize_v the_o roman_n after_o they_o be_v rout_v at_o cannae_n by_o hannibal_n they_o be_v afraid_a the_o gaul_n will_v come_v again_o to_o besiege_v the_o capitol_n rutilius_n institute_v fence_v master_n to_o teach_v young_a soldier_n how_o to_o handle_v their_o weapon_n a._n m._n 3948._o r._n 647._o c._n marius_n c._n flavius_z fimbria_n the_o people_n be_v in_o great_a terror_n and_o think_v that_o no_o other_o man_n but_o marius_n be_v able_a to_o defend_v they_o against_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o cimbri_n wherefore_o he_o be_v name_v consul_n in_o his_o absence_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n marius_n come_v again_o to_o rome_n he_o triumph_v over_o jugurtha_n and_o bring_v into_o the_o exchequer_n three_o thousand_o and_o seven_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n and_o five_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o five_o pound_n of_o silver_n in_o the_o mass_n beside_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n coin_n he_o bestow_v all_o the_o time_n of_o his_o consulship_n in_o make_v preparation_n for_o this_o great_a and_o important_a expedition_n against_o the_o cimbri_n a._n m._n 3949._o r._n 648._o c._n marius_n l._n aurelius_n orestes_n the_o cimbri_n turn_v their_o arm_n against_o spain_n and_o so_o give_v a_o opportunity_n to_o marius_n to_o reinforce_v his_o army_n and_o bring_v it_o under_o a_o good_a discipline_n orestes_n die_v in_o his_o magistracy_n a._n m._n 3950._o r._n 649._o c._n marius_n l._n luctatius_n catulus_n marius_n be_v inform_v that_o the_o cimbri_n be_v march_v towards_o italy_n go_v over_o the_o mountain_n and_o encamp_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n rodanus_n now_o the_o rhone_n he_o engage_v they_o in_o provence_n and_o give_v such_o a_o overthrow_n that_o they_o lose_v one_o hundred_o thousand_o man_n either_o kill_v or_o take_v prisoner_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o marseilles_n for_o a_o long_a time_n enclose_v their_o vineyard_n with_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o cimbri_n and_o toutoni_n who_o be_v kill_v in_o this_o bloody_a fight_n florus_n say_v that_o teutobocus_n their_o king_n be_v make_v prisoner_n and_o lead_v in_o triumph_n to_o rome_n a._n m._n 3951._o r._n 650._o c._n marius_n manius_n aquilius_n marius_n prefer_v the_o safety_n of_o rome_n before_o the_o triumph_n that_o be_v ordain_v he_o and_o the_o glory_n of_o a_o second_o victory_n to_o the_o glory_n of_o a_o victorious_a entry_n into_o rome_n he_o pursue_v the_o cimbri_n who_o he_o engage_v and_o rout_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o versellae_n kill_v sixscore_o thousand_o of_o they_o on_o the_o spot_n and_o take_v sixty_o thousand_o prisoner_n marius_n in_o consideration_n of_o this_o great_a victory_n be_v call_v the_o three_o founder_n of_o rome_n a._n m._n 3952._o r._n 651._o c._n marius_n l._n valerius_n flaccus_n this_o six_o year_n of_o marius_n consulship_n be_v spend_v in_o action_n unworthy_a of_o he_o for_o he_o second_v all_o the_o seditious_a proposal_n of_o saturninus_n a_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n and_o oblige_v the_o senator_n to_o take_v a_o oath_n that_o they_o shall_v follow_v the_o law_n make_v by_o the_o people_n which_o they_o do_v with_o this_o limitation_n si_fw-mi leges_fw-la sunt_fw-la there_o be_v none_o but_o metellus_n that_o refuse_v to_o take_v the_o oath_n paterculus_n and_o valerius_n maximus_n both_o justify_v marius_n about_o the_o death_n of_o the_o tribune_n saturninus_n and_o the_o praetor_n glaucia_n it_o be_v true_a that_o he_o shut_v up_o these_o two_o seditious_a man_n in_o the_o court_n of_o hostilia_n but_o he_o do_v so_o to_o secure_v they_o from_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o people_n and_o save_v they_o under_o that_o pretence_n but_o the_o senate_n have_v discover_v his_o design_n send_v some_o of_o
order_n to_o disband_v his_o army_n aemilius_n on_o the_o contrary_a add_v to_o the_o reason_n allege_v the_o forego_n year_n by_o sulpitius_n that_o caesar_n offer_v to_o disband_v his_o army_n if_o pompey_n who_o be_v his_o declare_a enemy_n will_v also_o break_v his_o force_n the_o tribune_n curio_n see_v that_o the_o senate_n favour_v pompey_n make_v that_o proposal_n to_o the_o people_n who_o approve_v the_o same_o and_o anthony_n curio_n colleague_n open_o read_v caesar_n letter_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o people_n notwithstanding_o the_o opposition_n of_o the_o consul_n marcellus_n who_o make_v all_o his_o endeavour_n to_o prevent_v it_o marc._n antony_n who_o be_v on_o casar_n side_n be_v make_v their_o chief_a pontiff_n and_o galba_n be_v debar_v of_o the_o consulate_a because_o he_o have_v be_v caesar_n lieutenant_n a._n m._n 4004._o r._n 703._o l._n cornelius_n lentulus_n g._n claudius_n marcellus_z the_o two_o consul_n favour_v the_o party_n of_o pompey_n and_o propose_v to_o recall_v caesar_n and_o disband_v his_o army_n but_o curio_n and_o other_o friend_n to_o caesar_n oppose_v bold_o the_o consul_n who_o dismiss_v the_o assembly_n upon_o pretence_n that_o they_o grow_v too_o hot_a labienus_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a general_n officer_n of_o caesar_n forsake_v he_o and_o go_v over_o to_o pompey_n the_o consul_n find_v out_o another_o way_n to_o bring_v their_o design_n about_o they_o exaggerated_a the_o shame_n or_o disgrace_n that_o the_o defeat_n of_o crassus_n by_o the_o parthian_n have_v bring_v upon_o rome_n and_o that_o to_o revenge_v that_o affront_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o send_v two_o legion_n of_o caesar_n and_o two_o other_o of_o pompey_n with_o some_o other_o force_n to_o make_v war_n against_o they_o as_o soon_o as_o caesar_n have_v notice_n of_o this_o order_n he_o send_v two_o of_o his_o legion_n with_o two_o more_o that_o pompey_n have_v lend_v he_o fabius_n come_v to_o rome_n from_o caesar_n and_o deliver_v his_o letter_n to_o the_o consul_n who_o be_v hardly_o prevail_v upon_o by_o the_o tribune_n that_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v read_v to_o the_o senate_n and_o will_v never_o consent_v that_o his_o offer_n shall_v be_v take_v into_o consideration_n but_o order_v to_o consider_v of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o republic_n lentulus_n one_o of_o the_o consul_n say_v that_o he_o will_v never_o forsake_v the_o commonwealth_n if_o they_o will_v speak_v their_o mind_n bold_o scipio_n pompey_n father-in-law_n speak_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n and_o say_v that_o pompey_n will_v never_o forsake_v the_o republic_n if_o the_o senate_n will_v stand_v by_o it_o whereupon_o it_o be_v order_v that_o caesar_n shall_v disband_v his_o army_n by_o a_o certain_a time_n or_o otherwise_o he_o shall_v be_v declare_v criminal_a marc-anthony_n and_o q._n massius_n tribune_n of_o the_o people_n oppose_v this_o resolution_n the_o censor_n piso_n and_o the_o praetor_n roscius_n offer_v themselves_o to_o go_v to_o caesar_n to_o inform_v he_o how_o the_o affair_n go_v but_o they_o be_v not_o allow_v to_o go_v and_o all_o the_o proceed_n be_v stop_v they_o have_v recourse_n at_o last_o to_o the_o last_o remedy_n and_o to_o a_o decree_n by_o which_o it_o be_v order_v that_o the_o magistrate_n shall_v take_v care_n of_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o tribune_n go_v out_o of_o rome_n and_o retire_v to_o caesar_n at_o ravenna_n where_o he_o be_v expect_v a_o answer_n suitable_a to_o the_o equity_n of_o his_o demand_n the_o follow_a day_n the_o senate_n meet_v out_o of_o the_o city_n that_o pompey_n may_v be_v present_a at_o the_o assembly_n for_o be_v proconsul_n by_o his_o office_n he_o can_v not_o be_v at_o rome_n then_o they_o raise_v force_n throughout_o italy_n and_o take_v money_n out_o of_o the_o exchequer_n to_o bear_v pompey_n charge_n caesar_n have_v intelligence_n of_o all_o these_o proceed_n assemble_v his_o soldier_n and_o represent_v to_o they_o in_o a_o pathetical_a way_n the_o injustice_n of_o his_o enemy_n and_o exhort_v they_o to_o stand_v by_o he_o against_o their_o violence_n the_o soldier_n cry_v out_o present_o that_o they_o be_v ready_a to_o protect_v his_o dignity_n and_o that_o of_o the_o tribune_n caesar_n trust_v himself_o to_o their_o fidelity_n bring_v they_o towards_o rimini_n where_o he_o meet_v the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n who_o come_v to_o he_o to_o implore_v his_o assistance_n all_o the_o town_n of_o italy_n where_o caesar_n appear_v open_v their_o gate_n and_o send_v away_o pompey_n garrison_n this_o great_a progress_n surprise_v pompey_n follower_n and_o oblige_v they_o to_o quit_v rome_n and_o caesar_n pursue_v they_o as_o far_o as_o brundisium_n where_o pompey_n cross_v over_o the_o sea_n with_o the_o consul_n caesar_n have_v no_o ship_n to_o follow_v they_o return_v to_o rome_n the_o magistrate_n and_o the_o senator_n that_o remain_v there_o make_v lepidus_n inter-rex_a who_o create_v c._n julius_n caesar_n dictator_n who_o recall_v the_o banish_a citizen_n and_o restore_v they_o to_o the_o possession_n of_o their_o estate_n he_o lay_v down_o that_o great_a office_n after_o have_v keep_v it_o eleven_o day_n only_o and_o then_o be_v make_v consul_n a._n m._n 4005._o r._n 704._o c._n julius_n caesar_n p._n servilius_z vatinius_n isauricus_n caesar_n have_v then_o no_o other_o thought_n but_o to_o pursue_v pompey_n but_o first_o of_o all_o he_o think_v fit_a to_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o spain_n where_o pompey_n have_v fortify_v himself_o a_o long_a while_n ago_o he_o have_v several_a skirmish_n on_o the_o segra_n near_o laerida_n and_o so_o close_o pursue_v afranius_n one_o of_o pompey_n general_n that_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o disband_v his_o army_n compose_v of_o seven_o roman_a legion_n and_o of_o a_o great_a many_o confederate_n varro_z another_o general_n of_o pompey_n attempt_v to_o defend_v calis_n and_o cordua_n but_o all_o the_o neighbour_a province_n declare_v themselves_o for_o caesar_n so_o that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o yield_v to_o his_o good_a fortune_n and_o deliver_v up_o his_o force_n ship_n and_o all_o his_o ammunition_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n pompey_n get_v together_o a_o very_a strong_a fleet_n compose_v of_o several_a squadron_n from_o asia_n the_o cyclades_n island_n corsou_n athens_n and_o egypt_n make_v in_o all_o five_o hundred_o ship_n beside_o the_o tender_v and_o other_o small_a ship_n his_o land_n forces_n be_v not_o inferior_a to_o his_o naval_a strength_n but_o he_o have_v disperse_v his_o army_n into_o several_a place_n to_o keep_v the_o province_n in_o his_o interest_n and_o have_v then_o with_o he_o but_o forty_o five_o thousand_o foot_n and_o seven_o thousand_o horse_n caesar_n be_v not_o so_o strong_a for_o his_o army_n consist_v only_o of_o a_o thousand_o horse_n and_o twenty_o two_o thousand_o foot_n these_o two_o army_n engage_v in_o thessalia_n near_o pharsalia_n and_o pompey_n army_n be_v defeat_v and_o himself_o force_v to_o escape_v in_o disguise_n to_o amphipolis_n where_o he_o attempt_v to_o rally_v his_o scatter_a force_n but_o caesar_n pursue_v he_o so_o close_o that_o he_o have_v no_o time_n to_o do_v it_o and_o flee_v away_o into_o egypt_n where_o king_n ptolemy_n cause_v he_o to_o be_v murder_v before_o he_o land_v caesar_n be_v so_o concern_v at_o the_o news_n of_o his_o death_n that_o the_o murderer_n think_v they_o can_v not_o avoid_v a_o punishment_n suitable_a to_o their_o crime_n but_o by_o the_o death_n of_o caesar_n himself_o photinus_n the_o eunuch_n and_o archaelas_n attack_v caesar_n but_o methridates_n king_n of_o pergamus_n come_v to_o his_o relief_n and_o deliver_v he_o from_o these_o murderer_n a._n m._n 4006._o r._n 705._o q._n furius_n calenus_n p._n vatinius_n though_o caesar_n be_v absent_a from_o rome_n yet_o he_o be_v make_v dictator_n the_o second_o time_n and_o his_o dictatorship_n continue_v for_o a_o whole_a year_n he_o reduce_v the_o kingdom_n of_o pontus_n into_o a_o roman_a province_n and_o bestow_v the_o government_n of_o it_o upon_o celius_n vincinianus_n it_o be_v concern_v this_o victory_n that_o caesar_n obtain_v over_o pharnaces_n king_n of_o pontus_n that_o he_o write_v to_o his_o friend_n anicius_n veni_fw-la vidi_fw-la vici_fw-la i_o be_o come_v i_o have_v see_v i_o have_v overcome_v to_o show_v with_o what_o swiftness_n he_o have_v subdue_v the_o kingdom_n of_o pontus_n caesar_n return_v by_o way_n of_o asia_n minor_n and_o give_v the_o kingdom_n of_o bosphorus_n to_o mithridates_n king_n of_o pergamus_n and_o from_o thence_o come_v to_o rome_n where_o his_o presence_n be_v necessary_a after_o his_o arrival_n he_o disband_v a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o force_n give_v one_o hundred_o crown_n to_o each_o soldier_n with_o land_n enough_o to_o live_v there_o rich_a and_o content_v a._n m._n 4007._o r._n 706._o c._n julius_n caesar_n m._n aemilius_z lepidus_z caesar_n do_v not_o stay_v
etymology_n from_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._o e._n the_o hair_n as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o appoint_a place_n for_o shave_v mercurialis_n without_o trouble_v himself_o with_o the_o etymology_n affirm_v that_o it_o be_v a_o place_n where_o they_o lay_v up_o the_o wrestler_n clothes_n or_o such_o as_o go_v into_o the_o bath_n and_o give_v no_o other_o reason_n for_o the_o same_o but_o only_o that_o such_o a_o room_n be_v requisite_a in_o the_o palaestra_fw-la but_o baldus_n tell_v we_o that_o this_o word_n coriceum_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v a_o ball_n and_o his_o interpretation_n of_o this_o word_n seem_v the_o most_o reasonable_a wherefore_o we_o may_v say_v that_o coryceum_n be_v a_o place_n where_o man_n play_v at_o long_a tennis_n vulgar_o call_v welsh_n tennis_n or_o at_o baloon_n which_o be_v a_o necessary_a thing_n in_o a_o wrestle_a place_n corinthus_n corinth_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o achaia_n place_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o isthmus_n of_o peloponnessus_fw-la between_o the_o ionian_a and_o the_o aegean_a sea_n it_o be_v build_v first_o by_o sisyphus_n the_o son_n of_o aeolus_n and_o name_v corcyra_n according_a to_o strabo_n and_o after_o have_v be_v destroy_v it_o be_v rebuilt_a by_o corinthus_n pelops_n his_o son_n and_o call_v after_o his_o name_n corinthus_n the_o corinthian_n abuse_v the_o roman_a ambassador_n whereupon_o mummius_n be_v send_v thither_o who_o put_v the_o inhabitant_n to_o the_o sword_n and_o raze_v the_o town_n to_o the_o ground_n corinthium_n viz._n ae_z corinthian_a brass_n pliny_n mention_n three_o sort_n of_o corinthian_a brass_n viz._n the_o white_a red_z and_z the_o mix_v colour_v this_o diversity_n arise_v from_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o three_o sort_n of_o metal_n whereof_o it_o be_v compound_v which_o be_v gold_n silver_n and_o copper_n which_o according_a to_o pliny_n and_o florus_n be_v mix_v together_o when_o the_o 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out_o the_o fire_n lucian_n relate_v that_o solon_n go_v to_o wait_v on_o croesus_n at_o sardis_n the_o capital_a town_n of_o his_o empire_n and_o that_o croesus_n speak_v to_o he_o thus_o now_o solon_n i_o have_v show_v thou_o all_o my_o treasure_n and_o glory_n pray_v tell_v i_o who_o be_v the_o happy_a man_n in_o the_o world_n solon_n there_o be_v very_o few_o croesus_n that_o deserve_v that_o name_n but_o of_o all_o that_o i_o have_v ever_o know_v biton_n and_o cleobis_n seem_v to_o i_o the_o most_o happy_a who_o die_v both_o at_o the_o same_o time_n after_o they_o have_v draw_v the_o priestess_n of_o argos_n their_o mother_n in_o a_o chariot_n to_o the_o temple_n and_o tellus_n that_o illustrious_a athenian_a who_o after_o he_o have_v live_v a_o good_a life_n die_v for_o his_o country_n for_o no_o man_n can_v be_v call_v happy_a before_o death_n and_o when_o he_o have_v finish_v his_o course_n dicique_fw-la beatus_fw-la ante_fw-la obitum_fw-la nemo_fw-la supremaque_fw-la funera_fw-la debet_fw-la horace_n take_v this_o thought_n from_o the_o oediput_fw-la of_o sophocles_n xenophon_n in_o the_o seven_o book_n of_o the_o cyropedia_n relate_v the_o history_n of_o croesus_n after_o another_o manner_n and_o say_v that_o be_v defeat_v by_o cyrus_n he_o retire_v for_o shelter_v to_o sardis_n where_o cyrus_n have_v vigorous_o pursue_v he_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o town_n to_o avoid_v the_o fury_n of_o the_o conqueror_n deliver_v up_o croesus_n and_o their_o town_n into_o his_o hand_n then_o croesus_n appear_v before_o he_o call_v he_o his_o lord_n and_o master_n and_o tell_v he_o the_o answer_n he_o have_v from_o the_o oracle_n of_o apollo_n how_o he_o may_v be_v happy_a which_o be_v to_o know_v himself_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o that_o his_o prosperity_n and_o great_a riches_n have_v blind_v he_o creusa_n the_o first_o wife_n of_o aeneas_n and_o daughter_n of_o king_n priam_n and_o hecuba_n who_o be_v lose_v in_o the_o take_n of_o troy_n and_o be_v deliver_v from_o the_o grecian_a slavery_n by_o cybele_n the_o mother_n of_o the_o god_n and_o entertain_v in_o her_o service_n as_o it_o be_v relate_v by_o virgil_n l._n 2._o aeneid_n v._o 785._o non_fw-la ego_fw-la myrmidonum_fw-la sedes_fw-la dolopúmve_fw-la superbas_fw-la aspiciam_fw-la aut_fw-la grais_fw-fr servitum_fw-la matribus_fw-la ibo_fw-la ....._o say_v i_o magna_fw-la deûm_fw-la genitrix_fw-la his_fw-la detinet_fw-la oris_fw-la some_o say_v that_o aeneas_n put_v she_o to_o death_n by_o the_o order_n of_o the_o greek_n that_o none_o of_o priam_n race_n shall_v remain_v alive_a and_o other_o more_o probable_o believe_v that_o she_o be_v kill_v or_o take_v prisoner_n as_o she_o be_v follow_v aeneas_n that_o night_n troy_n be_v take_v have_v lose_v her_o way_n in_o the_o burn_a of_o the_o town_n creusa_n the_o daughter_n of_o creon_n king_n of_o corinth_n who_o jason_n marry_v after_o his_o divorce_n from_o medea_n who_o be_v enrage_v for_o jason_n forsake_v she_o resolve_v to_o revenge_v that_o affront_n and_o to_o that_o purpose_n she_o seem_v to_o be_v please_v with_o the_o new_a match_n and_o send_v to_o the_o bride_n a_o casket_n full_a of_o precious_a stone_n so_o violent_o enchant_v with_o fire_n in_o it_o that_o as_o soon_o as_o she_o open_v it_o it_o burn_v she_o and_o her_o father_n creon_n with_o the_o palace_n criobolium_n a_o sacrifice_n of_o ram_n from_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v a_o ram._n this_o word_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o a_o inscription_n at_o rome_n diis_fw-la omnipotentibus_fw-la lucius_n ragonius_n venustus_n v._o c._n augur_n publicus_n p._n r._n q._n pontifex_n vestalis_fw-la major_n percepto_fw-la taurobolio_fw-la criobolioque_fw-la x._o kal._n jun._n dn._n valentiniano_n aug._n four_o et_fw-la neoterio_n conf._n aram_n consecravit_fw-la crocodile_n a_o crocodile_n a_o
insuperabile_fw-la fatum_fw-la nata_fw-la movere_fw-la pavas_fw-la intre_n licet_fw-la ipsa_fw-la sororum_fw-la tecta_fw-la trium_fw-la cerne_v illic_fw-la molimine_fw-la vasto_fw-la exit_fw-la aere_fw-la &_o solido_fw-la rerum_fw-la tabularia_fw-la ferro_fw-la quae_fw-la neque_fw-la concursum_fw-la coeli_fw-la neque_fw-la fulminis_fw-la iram_fw-la nec_fw-la metuunt_fw-la ullas_fw-la tuta_fw-la atque_fw-la aeterna_fw-la ruinas_fw-la inuenies_fw-la illic_fw-la incisa_fw-la adamant_n perenni_fw-la fata_fw-la tui_fw-la generis_fw-la legi_fw-la ipse_fw-la animoque_fw-la notavi_fw-la lib._n xv_o metam_fw-la but_o this_o poet_n and_o all_o other_o have_v plain_o express_v that_o the_o will_n of_o jupiter_n be_v fate_n for_o we_o must_v distinguish_v the_o fable_n of_o the_o three_o old_a sister_n call_v the_o parcae_n which_o be_v but_o a_o poetical_a fancy_n from_o the_o universal_a opinion_n of_o all_o poet_n tully_n reject_v the_o fate_n of_o the_o three_o sister_n which_o be_v a_o fate_n of_o superstition_n and_o tell_v we_o that_o fate_n be_v the_o eternal_a truth_n and_o the_o first_o predominant_a cause_n of_o all_o being_n wherefore_o the_o idolater_n represent_v the_o hour_n and_o the_o parcae_n place_v upon_o the_o head_n of_o jupiter_n to_o show_v that_o the_o destiny_n obey_v god_n and_o that_o both_o hour_n and_o time_n be_v at_o the_o disposol_n of_o his_o will_n pausanias_n say_v to_o this_o purpose_n in_o jevis_fw-la capite_fw-la horae_n &_o parcae_fw-la consistunt_fw-la fata_fw-la enim_fw-la jovi_fw-la parere_fw-la &_o ejus_fw-la nutu_fw-la temporum_fw-la necessitudines_fw-la describi_fw-la nemo_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-la nesciat_fw-la and_o he_o speak_v thus_o somewhere_o else_o of_o jupiter_n surname_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d parcarum_fw-la dux_n not_o only_o as_o know_v the_o resolution_n of_o the_o parcae_n but_o also_o as_o be_v their_o master_n plutarch_n tell_v we_o that_o these_o three_o goddess_n call_v parcae_n be_v the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o world_n viz._n the_o firmament_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n the_o firmament_n of_o the_o wander_a star_n and_o that_o great_a space_n of_o the_o air_n from_o the_o moon_n to_o the_o earth_n the_o concatenation_n of_o all_o the_o body_n and_o cause_n contain_v in_o these_o three_o part_n of_o the_o world_n make_v this_o fate_n in_o a_o manner_n bodily_a produce_v natural_a effect_n according_a to_o the_o common_a course_n of_o nature_n but_o this_o be_v not_o perform_v without_o some_o divinity_n who_o be_v like_o the_o foul_a of_o the_o world_n and_o move_v it_o by_o himself_o and_o the_o intelligence_n who_o he_o have_v set_v therein_o and_o to_o who_o he_o have_v give_v his_o order_n and_o be_v the_o intellectual_a fate_n diogenes_n laertius_n affirm_v that_o zeno_n say_v that_o jupiter_n god_n fate_n and_o intelligence_n be_v all_o the_o same_o thing_n it_o be_v also_o the_o opinion_n of_o epictetus_n and_o many_o other_o ancient_a philosopher_n favissae_n festus_n by_o this_o word_n understand_v cistern_n to_o keep_v water_n in_o but_o the_o favissae_n in_o the_o capitol_n be_v cellar_n under_o ground_n or_o dry_a cistern_n where_o they_o lay_v up_o old_a decay_a statue_n and_o other_o thing_n that_o be_v grow_v out_o of_o use_n favissae_n locum_fw-la sic_fw-la appellabant_fw-la in_o quo_fw-la erat_fw-la aqua_fw-la inclusa_fw-la circa_fw-la templa_fw-la sunt_fw-la autem_fw-la qui_fw-la putant_fw-la favissas_fw-la esse_fw-la in_o capitolio_fw-la cellis_fw-la cisternisque_fw-la simile_n ubi_fw-la reponi_fw-la erant_fw-la solita_fw-la ea_fw-la qua_fw-la in_o templo_fw-la vetustate_fw-la erant_fw-la facta_fw-la inutilia_fw-la aulus_n gel._n l._n 2._o c._n 10._o tell_v we_o that_o servius_n sulpitius_n a_o lawyer_n write_v to_o marcus_n varro_n to_o inquire_v of_o he_o what_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o these_o word_n favissae_n capitolinae_n which_o he_o have_v observe_v in_o the_o book_n of_o censor_n but_o be_v not_o able_a to_o understand_v they_o varro_z send_v he_o word_n that_o he_o remember_v that_o q._n catulus_n to_o who_o the_o care_n of_o repair_v the_o capitol_n be_v commit_v have_v a_o mind_n to_o lower_v the_o ground_n that_o be_v about_o the_o place_n can_v not_o perform_v it_o because_o of_o the_o favissae_n which_o be_v like_o dry_a cistern_n where_o they_o lay_v up_o old_a statue_n and_o break_a vessel_n and_o other_o thing_n appoint_v for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o temple_n id_fw-la esse_fw-la cellas_fw-la quasdam_fw-la &_o essternas_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o areâ_fw-la sub_fw-la terrâ_fw-la essent_fw-la ubi_fw-la reponi_fw-la solerent_fw-la signa_fw-la vetcra_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o eo_fw-la templo_fw-la collapsa_fw-la essent_fw-la fauna_n fatua_fw-la sister_n and_o wife_n to_o faunus_n and_o a_o deity_n of_o the_o roman_n lactantius_n speak_v of_o she_o say_v l._n 1._o c._n 22._o faunus_n institute_v infamous_a sacrifice_n to_o saturn_n his_o grandfather_n in_o the_o latin_a country_n and_o render_v divine_a honour_n to_o his_o father_n picus_n and_o his_o sister_n and_o wife_n fatua_fw-la fauna_n and_o c._n bassus_n tell_v we_o that_o she_o be_v call_v fatua_fw-la because_o she_o foretell_v woman_n their_o destiny_n as_o faunus_n do_v to_o men._n varro_n tell_v we_o that_o this_o fatua_fw-la be_v so_o chaste_a that_o no_o man_n see_v her_o nor_o hear_v of_o she_o but_o her_o own_o husband_n wherefore_o woman_n sacrifice_v to_o she_o in_o private_a and_o call_v she_o the_o good_a goddess_n faunus_n in_o latio_fw-la saturno_n svo_fw-la avo_fw-la nefaria_fw-la sacra_fw-la constituit_fw-la &_o picum_fw-la patrem_fw-la inter_fw-la deos_fw-la honoravit_fw-la &_o sororem_fw-la svam_fw-la fatuam_fw-la faunam_fw-la eamque_fw-la conjugem_fw-la consecravit_fw-la quam_fw-la c._n bassus_n fatuam_fw-la nominatam_fw-la tradit_fw-la quod_fw-la mulieribus_fw-la fata_fw-la canere_fw-la consuevisset_fw-la ut_fw-la faunus_n viris_fw-la eandem_fw-la varro_n tradit_fw-la tantae_fw-la pudicitiae_fw-la suisse_fw-la ut_fw-la nemo_fw-la eam_fw-la quoad_fw-la vixerit_fw-la praeter_fw-la virum_fw-la suum_fw-la mass_fw-la viderit_fw-la nec_fw-la nomen_fw-la ejus_fw-la audiverit_fw-la ideirco_fw-la mulieres_fw-la illi_fw-la in_o operto_fw-la sacrificant_a &_o bonam_fw-la deam_fw-la nemenant_fw-la if_o fatua_fw-la never_o see_v any_o other_o man_n but_o her_o husband_n as_o lactantius_n relate_v after_o varro_n this_o certain_o must_v be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o roman_n give_v she_o the_o name_n of_o the_o good_a goddess_n justin_n say_v that_o fool_n be_v call_v fatui_fw-la because_o they_o behave_v themselves_o like_o fatua_fw-la when_o she_o be_v transport_v with_o prophetic_a fury_n the_o good_a character_n that_o lanctantius_n and_o varro_n give_v of_o fatua_n chastity_n do_v not_o agree_v with_o what_o plutarch_n relate_v in_o his_o roman_a question_n when_o he_o say_v that_o she_o be_v give_v to_o drink_v arnobius_n relate_v the_o same_o of_o she_o in_o his_o six_o book_n upon_o the_o report_n of_o sextus_n claudius_n faunalia_fw-la sacra_fw-la feast_n keep_v the_o 5_o of_o december_n in_o honour_n of_o faunus_n where_o the_o country_n people_n leave_v off_o work_n dance_v and_o be_v merry_a faunus_n the_o son_n of_o picus_n the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o latin_n this_o faunus_n be_v sometime_o confound_v with_o pan_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o ovid_n himself_o make_v no_o distinction_n of_o they_o however_o dionysius_n hallicarnasseus_n say_v that_o faunus_n the_o son_n of_o mars_n reign_v in_o italy_n when_o evander_n land_v there_o and_o that_o the_o roman_n make_v he_o afterward_o one_o of_o the_o tutelar_a god_n of_o the_o country_n the_o same_o historian_n say_v somewhere_o else_o that_o in_o progress_n of_o time_n the_o common_a opinion_n be_v that_o faunus_n be_v that_o wild_a god_n who_o voice_n be_v hear_v by_o night_n in_o the_o forest_n and_o fright_v the_o people_n whereby_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o he_o ascribe_v panic_n fear_n to_o faunus_n and_o make_v but_o one_o god_n both_o of_o faunus_n and_o pan._n eusebius_n reckon_v up_o faunus_n among_o the_o king_n of_o the_o aborigines_n a_o ancient_a people_n in_o italy_n for_o he_o account_v the_o number_n of_o they_o thus_o janus_n saturnus_n faunus_n latinus_n notwithstanding_o the_o latin_n make_v he_o a_o genius_n and_o a_o god_n utter_v prediction_n and_o this_o agree_v with_o his_o proper_a name_n for_o faunus_n be_v derive_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d fari_fw-la loqui_fw-la and_o his_o wife_n be_v name_v fatua_fw-la from_o the_o same_o origine_fw-la a_o fatu_fw-la as_o vates_fw-la come_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d pan_n and_o faunus_n be_v likely_a but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o see_v that_o the_o name_n of_o pan_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o faunus_n in_o the_o hebrew_n tongue_n for_o pan_n in_o hebrew_n signify_v fear_n and_o fan_v foun_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n aurelius_n victor_n be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n virgil_n make_v faunus_n a_o god_n of_o oracle_n and_o prediction_n at_o rex_fw-la solicitus_fw-la monstris_fw-la oracula_fw-la fauni_n fatidici_fw-la genitoris_fw-la adit_fw-la etc._n etc._n fauni_n call_v also_o satyr_n pan_n and_o silvan_o be_v former_o take_v for_o genij_fw-la and_o demigod_n inhabit_v wood_n and_o mountain_n according_a to_o the_o common_a
invention_n of_o the_o sling_n though_o other_o say_v that_o the_o phaenician_o find_v it_o out_o florus_n and_o strabo_n tell_v we_o that_o there_o be_v three_o kind_n of_o sling_n long_o or_o short_a and_o that_o they_o make_v use_v of_o they_o according_a to_o the_o distance_n that_o they_o be_v from_o the_o enemy_n funditores_fw-la the_o slinger_n man_n who_o sling_v stone_n with_o a_o sling_n the_o slinger_n be_v part_n of_o the_o roman_a militia_n funebris_fw-la oratio_fw-la a_o funeral_n oration_n the_o roman_a custom_n be_v to_o have_v funeral_n speech_n at_o the_o bury_n of_o the_o great_a man_n of_o rome_n speak_v from_o the_o rostra_fw-la in_o the_o forum_n romanum_n where_o the_o funeral_n parade_fw-mi stand_v the_o man_n choose_v to_o make_v the_o speech_n publish_v the_o praise_n of_o the_o dead_a and_o begin_v with_o the_o greatness_n of_o his_o ancestor_n the_o ancientness_n of_o his_o family_n the_o sweetness_n of_o his_o manner_n his_o liberality_n and_o the_o service_n he_o have_v render_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n both_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o of_o war._n the_o child_n or_o the_o relation_n perform_v often_o this_o duty_n or_o the_o senate_n appoint_v some_o eloquent_a orator_n to_o perform_v the_o same_o augustus_n be_v but_o twelve_o year_n old_a make_v a_o public_a speech_n to_o praise_v his_o grandmother_n and_o be_v emperor_n he_o make_v another_o to_o praise_n germanicus_n his_o nephew_n tiberius_n say_v suetonius_n make_v a_o speech_n at_o nine_o year_n of_o age_n in_o honour_n of_o his_o father_n and_o few_o year_n after_o he_o be_v raise_v to_o the_o imperial_a dignity_n he_o pronounce_v a_o funeral_n speech_n in_o praise_n of_o his_o son_n caligula_n have_v not_o yet_o put_v on_o the_o toga_fw-la viriliis_fw-la make_v a_o public_a discourse_n in_o commendation_n of_o his_o grandmother_n then_o dead_a and_o nero_n make_v also_o a_o oration_n to_o praise_v the_o emperor_n claudius_n his_o predecessor_n valerius_n publicola_n be_v the_o first_o man_n who_o make_v a_o funeral_n speech_n at_o rome_n for_o polybius_n relate_v that_o junius_n brutus_n his_o colleague_n in_o the_o consulship_n have_v be_v kill_v at_o the_o battle_n against_o the_o toscan_o he_o order_v his_o corpse_n to_o be_v bring_v on_o a_o bed_n in_o the_o public_a place_n and_o he_o go_v up_o into_o the_o rofira_n and_o set_v forth_o in_o a_o discourse_n to_o the_o people_n the_o achievement_n of_o that_o great_a man_n we_o read_v in_o alexander_n ab_fw-la alexandro_n and_o in_o plutarch_n that_o this_o custom_n be_v practise_v and_o that_o quintus_fw-la fabius_n maximus_n speak_v the_o funeral_n oration_n of_o scipio_n and_o of_o his_o own_o child_n we_o learn_v of_o livy_n that_o this_o honour_n be_v also_o grant_v to_o the_o roman_a matron_n after_o their_o death_n because_o they_o have_v formal_o offer_v to_o part_v with_o their_o necklace_n and_o jewel_n in_o atime_o that_o money_n be_v scarce_o and_o in_o acknowledgement_n of_o their_o piety_n it_o be_v order_v that_o funeral_n speech_n in_o their_o commendarian_n shall_v be_v allow_v to_o they_o popilia_n be_v the_o first_o roman_a lady_n who_o receive_v that_o honour_n and_o crassus_n her_o son_n make_v her_o funeral_n oration_n suetonius_n report_v that_o julius_n caesar_n be_v then_o quaestor_n pronounce_v a_o public_a discourse_n of_o praise_n in_o the_o place_n call_v rostra_fw-la in_o honour_n of_o his_o aunt_n julia_n and_o cornelia_n his_o wife_n funeraticum_fw-la the_o funeral_n charge_n which_o amount_v sometime_o to_o excessive_a sum_n of_o money_n nero_n spend_v for_o the_o funeral_n of_o poppea_n more_o cinnamon_n and_o cassia_n than_o arabia_n be_v able_a to_o produce_v in_o a_o whole_a year_n and_o suetonius_n say_v that_o the_o funeral_n of_o nero_n come_v to_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o sesterce_n which_o according_a to_o the_o supputation_n of_o mursius_fw-la amount_v to_o seven_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o thousand_o pound_n funiculus_fw-la a_o ancient_a measure_n of_o the_o egyptian_n be_v a_o distance_n or_o the_o space_n of_o a_o place_n contain_v sixty_o furlong_n in_o length_n which_o be_v about_o seven_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o pace_n or_o 6_o mile_n and_o a_o quarter_n of_o english_a measure_n funus_fw-la funeral_n obsequy_n burial_n ceremony_n the_o eight_o day_n after_o the_o death_n be_v over_o a_o public_a cryer_n give_v notice_n to_o the_o people_n of_o the_o time_n of_o the_o funeral_n in_o these_o word_n n._n quiris_fw-la letho_n datus_n est_fw-la adexequias_fw-la quibus_fw-la est_fw-la commodumire_n jam_z tempus_fw-la est_fw-la ollus_fw-la exit_fw-la aedibus_fw-la effertur_fw-la such_o a_o citizen_n be_v dead_a those_o who_o have_v time_n to_o go_v to_o his_o funeral_n it_o be_v time_n they_o be_v ready_a to_o carry_v away_o the_o corpse_n out_o of_o the_o house_n the_o funeral_n thus_o publish_v by_o the_o public_a crier_n be_v call_v indictivae_n but_o this_o be_v practise_v but_o at_o the_o funeral_n of_o the_o emperor_n or_o person_n of_o quality_n and_o to_o honour_v they_o the_o better_a they_o give_v game_n and_o show_n to_o the_o people_n to_o wit_n fight_v of_o gladiator_n and_o horse-race_n man_n be_v still_o thus_o invite_v in_o france_n at_o the_o funeral_n of_o king_n prince_n sovereign_a court_n and_o other_o minister_n of_o state_n by_o fourscore_o swear_a crier_n together_o with_o the_o great_a master_n of_o the_o ceremony_n the_o ancient_a roman_n have_v still_o other_o funeral_n where_o no_o body_n be_v invite_v call_v simpludiarea_n or_o simpliludiarea_fw-mi funera_fw-la than_o the_o funeral_n parade_fw-mi be_v only_o attend_v by_o vaulter_n and_o buffoon_n call_v ludii_fw-la and_o corvitores_fw-la some_o hire_a woman_n attend_v the_o funeral_n name_v praeficae_fw-la cry_v and_o mourn_v sing_v sad_a and_o mournful_a song_n intermix_v with_o the_o praise_n of_o the_o dead_a and_o move_v other_o woman_n to_o imitate_v they_o and_o some_o other_o man_n call_v pantomimi_fw-la counterfeit_v the_o motion_n action_n and_o the_o voice_n of_o the_o decease_a person_n whereupon_o suetomius_n relate_v a_o pleasant_a fancy_n of_o a_o buffoon_n call_v faâ—o_o who_o be_v invite_v to_o a_o funeral_n come_v mask_v with_o a_o vizard_n and_o in_o a_o disguise_n like_o the_o emperor_n vespasian_n who_o be_v tax_v with_o convetousness_n and_o counterfeit_v he_o according_a to_o custom_n ask_v aloud_o before_o the_o assembly_n those_o who_o have_v the_o management_n of_o the_o funeral_n how_o much_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o burial_n come_v to_o and_o when_o he_o hear_v that_o it_o amount_v to_o a_o hundred_o sesterce_n which_o be_v about_o seven_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o pound_n he_o cry_v out_o that_o if_o they_o will_v give_v he_o that_o sum_n of_o money_n they_o may_v throw_v he_o after_o his_o death_n where_o they_o shall_v think_v fit_a the_o designator_n or_o master_n of_o the_o ceremony_n have_v dispose_v all_o in_o a_o good_a order_n the_o funeral_n parade_fw-mi begin_v to_o march_v with_o great_a pomp_n along_o the_o great_a street_n and_o cross-way_n of_o rome_n then_o stop_v in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o rosira_n where_o a_o funeral_n speech_n be_v make_v in_o honour_n of_o the_o decease_a person_n they_o carry_v before_o the_o corpse_n vessel_n full_a of_o perfume_n and_o precious_a liquor_n to_o throw_v into_o the_o wood-pile_n when_o the_o corpse_n be_v burn_v to_o prevent_v its_o bad_a smell_n afterward_o warlike_a man_n march_v carry_v the_o standard_n and_o spoil_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o other_o trophy_n of_o arm_n as_o draught_n of_o conquer_a city_n name_n of_o the_o subdue_a nation_n title_n of_o the_o law_n make_v by_o they_o military_a present_n and_o other_o badge_n of_o honour_n they_o carry_v also_o the_o effigy_n of_o their_o ancestor_n make_v of_o wax_n of_o emboss_a work_n which_o they_o keep_v in_o niche_n at_o the_o entry_n of_o their_o house_n and_o crown_v they_o with_o garland_n of_o flower_n upon_o certain_a day_n of_o the_o year_n then_o follow_v the_o priest_n and_o religion_n order_n after_o they_o the_o magistrate_n in_o moum_v wear_v the_o badge_n of_o their_o magistracy_n as_o also_o the_o badge_n of_o the_o office_n of_o the_o dead_a the_o corpse_n dress_v in_o a_o habit_n suitable_a to_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o dead_a be_v carry_v upon_o a_o bed_n of_o state_n adorn_v with_o ivory_n and_o cover_v with_o a_o rich_a carpet_n beside_o this_o bed_n of_o state_n there_o be_v many_o other_o bed_n adorn_v with_o garland_n and_o crown_n of_o flower_n and_o the_o image_n of_o the_o ancestor_n of_o the_o decease_a person_n be_v tie_v to_o their_o bed_n six_o thousand_o of_o these_o bed_n be_v carry_v at_o the_o funeral_n of_o the_o dictator_n silla_n and_o six_o hundred_o at_o the_o funeral_n of_o m._n marcellus_n the_o son_n of_o octavia_n sister_n to_o augustus_n say_v valeriâ—_n maximus_n after_o this_o funeral_n bed_n carry_v by_o the_o near_a relation_n of_o the_o dead_a or_o
make_v he_o spin_v and_o beat_v he_o with_o her_o distaff_n and_o after_o all_o his_o great_a achievement_n he_o put_v a_o end_n to_o his_o life_n on_o mote_n oeta_n for_o have_v put_v on_o the_o garment_n of_o nessus_n the_o centaur_n which_o dejanira_n his_o wife_n have_v send_v he_o by_o lycus_n the_o malignity_n of_o nessus_n blood_n which_o be_v a_o strong_a poison_n put_v he_o into_o so_o violent_a a_o rage_n that_o he_o cast_v himself_o into_o a_o burn_a pile_n of_o wood_n and_o there_o be_v consume_v hercules_n the_o libyan_a or_o horus_n several_a illustrious_a man_n go_v by_o the_o name_n of_o hercules_n yet_o among_o they_o there_o be_v three_o very_a famous_a two_o whereof_o signalise_v themselves_o in_o italy_n viz._n hercules_n the_o libyan_a and_o hercules_n of_o greece_n the_o son_n of_o alomena_n and_o jupiter_n who_o we_o have_v late_o mention_v horus_n or_o hercules_n the_o libyan_a the_o son_n of_o osiris_n and_o isis_n as_o berusus_n and_o natalis_n come_v tell_v we_o apply_v himself_o to_o deliver_v man_n from_o oppression_n and_o injustice_n to_o that_o purpose_n he_o go_v into_o libya_n where_o he_o put_v antaeus_n to_o death_n from_o lybia_n he_o pass_v over_o into_o spain_n where_o he_o kill_v geryon_n the_o tyrant_n and_o from_o spain_n he_o come_v into_o italy_n where_o he_o reign_v thirty_o year_n herodotus_n report_v that_o he_o be_v the_o last_o of_o the_o god_n and_o say_v that_o he_o reign_v twelve_o hundred_o year_n wherefore_o diodorus_n siculus_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o egyptian_n reckon_v their_o year_n by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o that_o their_o year_n be_v like_o our_o month_n hercules_n gallicus_n or_o ogmius_n the_o gaul_n draw_v he_o with_o a_o white_a beard_n bald_a wrinkle_a and_o tawny_a like_o old_a mariner_n or_o rather_o like_o charon_n himself_o or_o japetus_n who_o be_v reckon_v the_o most_o ancient_a of_o men._n in_o short_a to_o see_v he_o you_o will_v take_v he_o for_o any_o thing_n rather_o than_o hercules_n though_o he_o wear_v the_o same_o ensign_n viz._n a_o lion_n skin_n a_o massy-club_n with_o a_o bow_n bend_v in_o his_o left_a hand_n and_o a_o quiver_n at_o his_o back_n i_o think_v at_o first_o say_v lucian_n they_o do_v it_o out_o of_o mockery_n or_o out_o of_o revenge_n for_o the_o incursion_n he_o make_v into_o their_o country_n in_o his_o expedition_n of_o spain_n but_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o tell_v you_o of_o the_o great_a mystery_n of_o the_o picture_n which_o be_v that_o he_o hold_v enchain_v by_o the_o ear_n a_o infinite_a number_n of_o people_n who_o be_v tie_v to_o his_o tongue_n by_o small_a twist_n or_o wire_n of_o gold_n as_o by_o so_o many_o chain_n and_o follow_v he_o willing_o without_o struggle_v or_o hang_v back_o insomuch_o that_o a_o man_n will_v say_v they_o delight_v in_o captivity_n as_o i_o be_v wonder_v with_o some_o indignation_n at_o this_o spectacle_n a_o doctor_n of_o that_o country_n who_o speak_v very_o good_a greek_a tell_v i_o he_o will_v unriddle_v i_o the_o mystery_n that_o be_v contain_v under_o that_o aenigma_fw-la and_o begin_v in_o the_o manner_n follow_v we_o do_v not_o with_o the_o greek_n believe_v that_o mercury_n be_v the_o symbol_n or_o rather_o the_o god_n of_o eloquence_n as_o he_o be_v style_v but_o rather_o hercules_n who_o be_v much_o more_o powerful_a and_o our_o opinion_n be_v that_o he_o affect_v all_o that_o we_o admire_v not_o by_o the_o strength_n of_o his_o arm_n but_o by_o that_o of_o his_o reason_n wherefore_o we_o paint_v he_o under_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o old_a man_n because_o reason_n be_v not_o accomplish_v until_o that_o age._n this_o god_n hold_v all_o mankind_n tie_v by_o the_o ear_n which_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o ratiocination_n and_o his_o tongue_n to_o which_o they_o be_v fasten_v be_v the_o instrument_n of_o their_o captivity_n his_o dart_n be_v the_o force_n of_o his_o reason_n be_v feather_v because_o that_o word_n be_v wing_a as_o homer_n call_v they_o many_o temple_n and_o altar_n be_v erect_v to_o hercules_n the_o gaulish_a at_o tyrus_n in_o spain_n and_o at_o rome_n and_o one_o of_o these_o altar_n be_v call_v aramaxima_fw-la because_o of_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o stone_n employ_v in_o the_o build_n thereof_o whereon_o they_o take_v solemn_a oath_n and_o offer_v the_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o booty_n and_o a_o merchant_n who_o hercules_n have_v rescue_v from_o the_o hand_n of_o pirate_n build_v he_o a_o temple_n of_o a_o round_a figure_n under_o the_o title_n of_o deo_fw-la herculi_fw-la inuicto_fw-la it_o be_v report_v that_o neither_o fly_n nor_o dog_n enter_v into_o this_o temple_n because_o he_o have_v drive_v away_o myagros_n the_o god_n of_o fly_n and_o have_v leave_v his_o massy-club_n at_o the_o entrance_n of_o this_o temple_n hercules_n be_v represent_v stark_o naked_a except_o the_o lion_n skin_n which_o cover_v his_o body_n or_o twist_v about_o his_o arm_n and_o hold_v with_o one_o hand_n his_o massy-club_n he_o be_v yet_o express_v by_o a_o figure_n hold_v three_o golden_a apple_n in_o his_o right_a hand_n and_o his_o club_n in_o the_o left_a and_o a_o great_a brass_n figure_n of_o hercules_n hold_v a_o apple_n in_o his_o hand_n be_v late_o find_v at_o rome_n in_o the_o market_n for_o oxen._n the_o poplar-tree_n be_v dedicate_v to_o he_o as_o virgil_n say_v populus_fw-la alcidae_fw-la gratissima_fw-la and_o phaedrus_n populus_fw-la herculi_fw-la wherefore_o his_o figure_n be_v yet_o visible_a on_o a_o greek_a medal_n crown_v with_o branch_n of_o poplar-tree_n and_o a_o lion_n skin_n about_o his_o neck_n the_o emperor_n commodus_n slight_v the_o surname_n of_o his_o family_n and_o instead_o of_o commodus_n son_n to_o marcus_n aurelius_n take_v the_o name_n of_o hercules_n the_o son_n of_o jupiter_n and_o leave_v off_o the_o imperial_a badge_n he_o put_v on_o a_o lion_n skin_n and_o wear_v a_o massy-club_n the_o badge_n of_o hercules_n and_o appear_v public_o in_o this_o dress_n and_o yet_o not_o content_v with_o it_o he_o order_v that_o coin_n of_o gold_n silver_n and_o brass_n shall_v be_v stamp_v with_o his_o effigy_n on_o one_o side_n crown_v with_o a_o lion_n skin_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n a_o massy-club_n a_o bow_n a_o quiver_n and_o arrow_n with_o this_o inscription_n herculi_n romano_n inuicto_fw-la and_o when_o he_o write_v to_o the_o senate_n he_o style_v himself_o romanus_n hercules_n and_o have_v the_o massy-club_n and_o the_o lion_n skin_n carry_v before_o he_o in_o his_o travel_n here_o be_v a_o heir_n one_o who_o succeed_v to_o land_n or_o estate_n either_o by_o right_n of_o family_n or_o by_o a_o last_o will._n the_o roman_a law_n establish_v three_o kind_n of_o heir_n the_o necessary_a heir_n be_v the_o slave_n make_v heir_n by_o their_o master_n who_o free_v they_o and_o be_v call_v necessary_a because_o be_v appoint_v by_o their_o master_n they_o be_v force_v to_o accept_v of_o his_o will_n and_o be_v not_o allow_v to_o quit_v the_o inheritance_n though_o it_o be_v very_o much_o encumber_v with_o debt_n and_o subject_a to_o great_a charge_n the_o other_o kind_n of_o heir_n call_v svi_fw-la and_o necessarij_fw-la be_v the_o child_n who_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o decease_a person_n in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o death_n and_o be_v call_v necessarij_fw-la because_o willing_a or_o unwilling_a they_o be_v heir_n and_o svi_fw-la because_o they_o be_v the_o testator_n own_o and_o proper_a domestic_n and_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o land_n and_o estate_n of_o their_o parent_n the_o three_o kind_n of_o heir_n be_v stranger_n viz._n those_o who_o be_v neither_o child_n nor_o slave_n to_o the_o decease_a person_n and_o these_o be_v voluntary_a heir_n for_o they_o be_v free_a to_o accept_v or_o quit_v what_o be_v leave_v they_o as_o for_o the_o former_a who_o be_v the_o slave_n of_o the_o testator_n they_o be_v free_v and_o heir_n by_o the_o only_a benefit_n of_o the_o law_n without_o any_o other_o act_n of_o acceptation_n and_o be_v not_o admit_v to_o refuse_v the_o will_n on_o the_o contrary_a they_o be_v bind_v to_o pay_v all_o the_o debt_n even_o out_o of_o the_o estate_n or_o good_n that_o they_o have_v purchase_v since_o they_o have_v obtain_v their_o freedom_n unless_o the_o praetor_n grant_v they_o a_o benefit_n of_o separation_n and_o the_o child_n who_o be_v under_o the_o decease_a person_n authority_n in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o death_n they_o be_v like_o slave_n as_o to_o the_o necessity_n of_o accept_v the_o inheritance_n be_v necessary_a heir_n to_o their_o parent_n and_o after_o the_o death_n of_o their_o father_n the_o inheritance_n be_v rather_o a_o continuation_n of_o patrimony_n than_o a_o new_a purchase_n the_o three_o kind_n of_o heir_n call_v stranger_n who_o be_v neither_o slave_n nor_o child_n to_o the_o dead_a
place_n this_o be_v do_v cociii_fw-la after_o the_o foundation_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o follow_a year_n something_o be_v yet_o want_v for_o the_o perfection_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n the_o decemviri_fw-la add_v still_o two_o other_o brass_n table_n to_o the_o ten_o before_o mention_v which_o make_v up_o the_o number_n of_o twelve_o dionysius_n halicarnassaeus_n livy_n and_o plutarch_n speak_v at_o large_a of_o these_o law_n and_o may_v be_v consult_v thereupon_o by_o those_o who_o will_v have_v a_o full_a knowledge_n of_o they_o final_o tully_n prefer_v these_o law_n to_o all_o the_o library_n in_o the_o world_n l._n 1._o de_fw-fr orat._n est_fw-la in_o duodecim_fw-la tabulis_fw-la antiquitatis_fw-la effigy_n quod_fw-la &_o verborum_fw-la prisca_fw-la vetustas_fw-la cognoscitur_fw-la &_o actionum_fw-la genera_fw-la quaedam_fw-la majorum_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la vitamque_fw-la declarant_fw-la sive_fw-la quis_fw-la civilem_fw-la scientiam_fw-la contempletur_fw-la totam_fw-la hanc_fw-la descriptis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la civitatis_fw-la utilitatibus_fw-la ac_fw-la partibus_fw-la duodecim_fw-la tabulis_fw-la contineri_fw-la videbitis_fw-la sive_fw-la quem_fw-la ista_fw-la praepotens_fw-la &_o gloriasa_n philosophia_fw-la delectat_fw-la dicant_fw-la audacius_fw-la hosce_fw-la habet_fw-la fontes_fw-la omnium_fw-la disputationum_fw-la suarum_fw-la qui_fw-la jure_fw-la civili_fw-la &_o legibuâ—â—continentur_fw-la bibliothecas_fw-la mehercle_fw-la omnium_fw-la philosophorum_fw-la unus_fw-la mihi_fw-la videtur_fw-la twelve_o tabularum_fw-la libellas_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la legum_fw-la fontes_fw-la &_o capita_fw-la videret_fw-la &_o auctoritatis_fw-la pondere_fw-la &_o utilitatis_fw-la ubertate_fw-la superare_fw-la these_o law_n be_v lose_v by_o the_o misfortune_n of_o time_n there_o remain_v only_o some_o fragment_n thereof_o disperse_v in_o the_o book_n of_o several_a author_n which_o we_o will_v insert_v here_o for_o the_o reader_n be_v sake_n praeco_fw-la fonus_fw-la endeicito_fw-la quom_fw-la fonus_fw-la ecfertor_n nei_fw-la encorumitiato_fw-it that_o the_o public_a cryer_n invite_v to_o the_o funeral_n and_o during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o burial_n let_v no_o assembly_n meet_v fonus_fw-la instead_o of_o funus_fw-la endeicito_fw-la instead_o of_o indicito_fw-la quom_fw-la instead_o of_o quum_fw-la ecfertor_n instead_o of_o est_fw-la efferendum_fw-la nei_fw-la instead_o of_o ne_fw-fr encomitiato_fw-it instead_o of_o into_fw-mi in_fw-la comitium_fw-la these_o be_v the_o word_n use_v by_o the_o public_a crier_n when_o he_o invite_v the_o people_n to_o the_o funeral_n of_o the_o great_a man_n of_o rome_n ollus_fw-la quiris_fw-la leto_n datus_n est_fw-la or_o l._n titius_fw-la vixit_fw-la l._n titio_fw-la exequias_fw-la ire_fw-la cuei_fw-la commodum_fw-la est_fw-la jam_z tempus_fw-la est_fw-la ollus_fw-la effertur_fw-la lucius_n titius_n be_v dead_a those_o who_o have_v time_n to_o come_v to_o his_o burial_n it_o be_v time_n they_o be_v carry_v the_o corpse_n out_o of_o the_o house_n molieres_fw-la fa_fw-it cium_o nei_n carpunto_o neive_v cenat_n radunto_fw-la lesum_fw-la foneris_fw-la nec_fw-la habento_fw-la these_o three_o fragment_n be_v find_v in_o several_a writer_n this_o law_n order_v the_o mourning_n and_o prescribe_v bound_n to_o grief_n molieres_fw-la be_v here_o write_v instead_o of_o mulieres_fw-la nei_fw-la instead_o of_o ne_fw-fr conas_fw-la instead_o of_o genas_fw-la this_o law_n forbid_v woman_n to_o tear_v their_o face_n and_o make_v lamention_n tully_n assure_v we_o l._n 2._o tuscul_fw-la that_o this_o law_n be_v make_v by_o solon_n and_o collect_v by_o the_o decemviri_fw-la postea_fw-la quà m_fw-la ut_fw-la scribit_fw-la phalereus_n sumptuosa_fw-la fieri_fw-la funera_fw-la &_o lamentabilia_fw-la coepissent_fw-la solonis_fw-la lege_fw-la sublata_fw-la sunt_fw-la quam_fw-la legem_fw-la iisdem_fw-la propè_fw-la verbis_fw-la nostri_fw-la decemviri_fw-la in_o decimam_fw-la tabulam_fw-la conjecerunt_fw-la endo_n fonere_fw-la tribos_fw-la ricinieis_fw-la ricâ_fw-la porporeâ_fw-la decemque_fw-la tibicinebos_fw-la vetier_n liceto_o hoc_fw-la plough_n nei_fw-la facito_fw-la endi_fw-la instead_o of_o in_o fonere_fw-la instead_o of_o funere_fw-la tribos_fw-la ricineis_fw-la instead_o of_o tribus_fw-la ricinieis_fw-la porporeâ_fw-la instead_o of_o purpureâ_fw-la tibicinebos_fw-mi instead_o of_o tibicinibus_fw-la vetier_n instead_o of_o utier_n it_o be_v ordain_v by_o this_o law_n that_o woman_n shall_v be_v dress_v with_o three_o gown_n of_o purple_a colour_n and_o that_o only_o ten_o piper_n shall_v be_v employ_v in_o funeral_n pomp_n servalis_n unctura_fw-la circumpot_n atioque_fw-la quom_fw-la fonus_fw-la exsequiantor_n neive_v respersio_fw-la fuat_fw-la acerras_fw-la sepolchris_fw-la aut_fw-la longas_fw-la korona_n nei_fw-la endepâ—nito_o this_o law_n forbid_v to_o anoint_v the_o corpse_n of_o slave_n and_o make_v a_o funeral_n feast_n at_o their_o burial_n and_o effusion_n of_o wine_n or_o crown_v their_o grave_n with_o garland_n or_o burn_v frankincense_n servalis_n instead_o of_o servilis_fw-la quom_fw-la instead_o of_o cùm_fw-la fonus_fw-la instead_o of_o funus_fw-la exsequiantor_n instend_v of_o exsequius_fw-la ire_n nei_n instead_o of_o ne_fw-fr fuat_fw-la instead_o of_o fiat_fw-la sepolcris_fw-la instead_o of_o sepulcris_fw-la korona_n instead_o of_o coronus_fw-la endeponito_o instead_o of_o imponito_fw-la murinam_n mertuo_fw-la nei_fw-la endito_fw-mi that_o they_o shall_v not_o make_v use_n of_o that_o excellent_a drink_n at_o funeral_n writer_n do_v agree_v about_o the_o composition_n of_o that_o artificial_a drink_n but_o all_o unanimous_o say_v that_o it_o be_v very_o chargeable_a wherefore_o the_o decemviri_fw-la who_o intend_v to_o lessen_v the_o great_a charge_n of_o person_n of_o quality_n funeral_n forbid_v the_o use_n thereof_o plusa_n fonera_fw-la unei_fw-la nei_fw-la facito_fw-la neive_v plus_n lectos_fw-la endoserto_fw-la it_o be_v not_o allow_v to_o have_v many_o bed_n carry_v in_o funeral_z pomp_n notwithstanding_o augustus_n honour_v marcellus_n funeral_n with_o six_o hundred_o bed_n and_o there_o be_v six_o thousand_o reckon_v at_o the_o funeral_n of_o sylla_n this_o be_v account_v a_o great_a honour_n as_o for_o the_o common_a people_n their_o corpse_n be_v only_o carry_v in_o coffin_n plusa_n instead_o of_o plura_fw-la fonera_fw-la instead_o of_o funera_fw-la unei_fw-la instead_o of_o uni_fw-la plus_n instead_o of_o plures_fw-la endoserto_o instead_o of_o inserto_fw-la ausum_fw-la in_o fonere_fw-la nei_fw-la addito_fw-la have_v quoi_fw-fr auso_fw-la denteis_fw-la vinctei_fw-la sieut_n in_o cum_fw-la owl_n sepelire_fw-la urereve_n se_fw-la fraud_n liceto_o ausum_fw-la instead_o of_o aurum_n have_v instead_o of_o at_o quoi_fw-fr instead_o of_o cvi_fw-la auso_fw-la instead_o of_o auro_fw-la denteis_fw-la instead_o of_o dentes_fw-la vinctei_fw-la instead_o of_o vincti_fw-la owl_n instead_o of_o illo_fw-la it_o be_v forbid_v to_o burn_v gold_n with_o the_o corpse_n of_o the_o dead_a unless_o his_o tooth_n be_v tie_v with_o golden_a thread_n for_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o burn_v it_o with_o the_o corpse_n rogum_fw-la asciâ_fw-la nei_fw-la poleito_fw-la that_o the_o pile_n of_o wood_n shall_v not_o be_v of_o polish_a wood_n but_o of_o wood_n as_o it_o grow_v honoratorum_fw-la virorum_fw-la laudes_fw-la endo_fw-la conscione_fw-la memorantor_n easque_fw-la naeniae_fw-la ad_fw-la tibicinem_fw-la prosequantor_n that_o the_o funeral_n speech_n of_o illustrious_a person_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o public_a and_o that_o lamentation_n shall_v be_v sing_v at_o the_o sound_n of_o musical_a instrument_n p._n valerius_n publicola_n be_v the_o first_o who_o make_v public_o the_o funeral_n speech_n of_o junius_n brutus_n his_o colleague_n in_o the_o consulat_fw-la this_o custom_n be_v afterward_o follow_v by_o other_o during_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n dominus_fw-la foneris_fw-la endo_fw-la ludeis_fw-la accenso_fw-la lictorebosque_fw-la actitor_n endo_n instead_o of_o in_o ludeis_fw-la instead_o of_o ludis_fw-la lictorebosque_fw-la instead_o of_o lictoribusque_n octitor_n instead_o of_o utitor_fw-la that_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o funeral_n shall_v make_v use_n of_o the_o officer_n accensi_fw-la and_z lictores_fw-la in_o the_o game_n dominus_fw-la ludorum_fw-la the_o master_n of_o the_o game_n who_o augustus_n first_o name_v according_a to_o quintilian_n munerarius_fw-la this_o custom_n of_o represent_v game_n to_o honour_v the_o funeral_n of_o great_a man_n be_v very_o ancient_a since_o homer_n and_o virgil_n make_v mention_n thereof_o these_o game_n be_v solemnize_v with_o fight_v of_o gladiator_n or_o horse-race_n homini_fw-la mortuo_fw-la osa_fw-la nei_fw-la lecito_fw-la quo_fw-la post_fw-la fonus_fw-la faciat_fw-la extra_fw-la quam_fw-la sei_fw-it quis_fw-la foris_fw-la militiaeque_fw-la mortuos_fw-la siet_fw-la this_o law_n be_v mention_v by_o tully_n l._n 11._o de_fw-fr legib._n homini_fw-la inquit_fw-la mortuo_fw-la ossa_fw-la ne_fw-la legito_fw-la quo_fw-la post_fw-la funus_fw-la faciat_fw-la excipit_fw-la bellicam_fw-la peregrinamque_fw-la mortem_fw-la and_o afterward_o he_o explain_v this_o law_n ut_fw-la posteaquam_fw-la corpus_fw-la crematam_fw-la esset_fw-la ossa_fw-la à _fw-la cineribus_fw-la legantur_fw-la statimque_fw-la loco_fw-la proximo_fw-la in_o terram_fw-la condantur_fw-la ne_fw-la si_fw-la alium_fw-la in_o locum_fw-la sepeliendi_fw-la causâ_fw-la deportarentur_fw-la luctus_fw-la duplicaretur_fw-la &_o sumtus_fw-la leave_v they_o will_v renew_v the_o mourn_a and_o charge_n those_o who_o die_v in_o the_o war_n or_o foreign_a country_n who_o bone_n be_v bring_v to_o rome_n to_o be_v lay_v in_o the_o sepulchre_n of_o their_o
a_o name_n the_o greek_n have_v but_o one_o name_n but_o the_o roman_n have_v sometime_o three_o or_o four_o which_o they_o call_v praenomen_fw-la nomen_fw-la cognomen_fw-la and_o sometime_o agnomen_fw-la the_o praenomen_fw-la be_v that_o which_o belong_v to_o every_o person_n in_o particular_a the_o name_n be_v that_o which_o denote_v the_o house_n from_o whence_o one_o be_v descend_v and_o the_o surname_n be_v that_o which_o belong_v to_o a_o particular_a family_n or_o to_o a_o branch_n of_o that_o house_n it_o be_v a_o custom_n among_o the_o roman_n to_o give_v to_o their_o child_n the_o name_n of_o the_o family_n to_o boy_n on_o the_o 9th_o day_n after_o their_o birth_n and_o to_o girl_n on_o the_o 8_o but_o according_a to_o festus_n and_o plutarch_n the_o praenomen_fw-la be_v not_o give_v they_o before_o they_o put_v on_o the_o virile_a robe_n that_o be_v at_o the_o age_n of_o 17._o thus_o cicero_n child_n be_v always_o call_v ciceronis_fw-la pveri_fw-la till_o those_o year_n after_o which_o they_o call_v they_o marcus_n filius_fw-la and_o quintus_fw-la filius_fw-la as_o for_o the_o slave_n they_o have_v no_o other_o name_n than_o that_o of_o their_o master_n as_o lucipor_n lucius_n his_o slave_n lucii_n pver_fw-la marcipor_n marcus_n his_o slave_n marcipuer_o but_o yet_o afterward_o they_o give_v they_o a_o name_n which_o general_o be_v that_o of_o their_o country_n as_o syrus_n geta_n davus_n and_o when_o they_o be_v make_v free_a they_o take_v the_o praenomen_fw-la and_o name_n of_o their_o master_n but_o not_o the_o surname_n in_o the_o room_n of_o which_o they_o retain_v their_o own_o name_n thus_o that_o learned_a freedman_n of_o cicero_n be_v call_v m._n tullius_n tyro_n and_o this_o be_v also_o observe_v with_o respect_n to_o ally_n and_o stranger_n who_o take_v upon_o they_o the_o name_n of_o the_o person_n by_o who_o favour_n they_o have_v obtain_v the_o privilege_n of_o be_v citizen_n of_o rome_n varro_n say_v that_o the_o woman_n former_o have_v their_o own_o proper_a and_o particular_a name_n as_o cala_fw-la caecilia_n lucia_n volumnia_n and_o those_o name_n as_o quintilian_n observe_v be_v distinguish_v by_o letter_n invert_v thus_o c._n l._n m._n however_o afterward_o they_o give_v they_o no_o name_n but_o if_o there_o be_v only_o one_o girl_n they_o do_v no_o more_o than_o give_v she_o the_o name_n of_o her_o family_n and_o sometime_o soften_v the_o same_o by_o the_o way_n of_o a_o diminution_n as_o tullia_n or_o tulliola_n but_o if_o they_o be_v two_o they_o call_v one_o major_n the_o other_o minor_a and_o if_o more_o they_o be_v name_v according_a to_o their_o age_n prima_fw-la secunda_fw-la tertia_fw-la quarta_fw-la quinta_fw-la etc._n etc._n or_o they_o make_v a_o diminutive_a of_o the_o same_o as_o secandilla_n quartilla_n quintilla_fw-la etc._n etc._n nomenclator_n he_o be_v a_o person_n among_o the_o roman_n who_o accompany_v those_o who_o labour_v underhand_o to_o be_v make_v magistrate_n and_o who_o tell_v they_o the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o citizen_n they_o meet_v with_o that_o they_o may_v salute_v they_o and_o call_v they_o by_o their_o name_n which_o be_v a_o very_a civil_a custom_n and_o much_o in_o use_n at_o rome_n nonae_fw-la the_o nones_n quasi_fw-la novae_n be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v new_a observation_n though_o its_o more_o likely_a the_o name_n come_v because_o that_o from_o the_o say_a day_n to_o the_o ides_n there_o be_v always_o nine_o day_n they_o compute_v six_o day_n in_o the_o nones_n of_o may_n october_n july_n and_o march_n and_o in_o the_o other_o month_n only_o four_n some_o believe_v that_o romulus_n begin_v the_o month_n on_o the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v appear_v in_o the_o evening_n on_o which_o the_o country_n people_n be_v oblige_v to_o come_v to_o town_n in_o order_n to_o know_v of_o the_o pontiff_n the_o time_n when_o the_o feast_n and_o other_o ceremony_n be_v to_o be_v celebrate_v and_o in_o short_a whatever_o they_o be_v to_o do_v or_o let_v alone_o during_o the_o whole_a month._n and_o as_o the_o sacrificer_n be_v on_o the_o same_o day_n wont_a to_o cry_v the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d with_o a_o loud_a voice_n five_o time_n successive_o if_o the_o nones_n contain_v but_o five_o day_n or_o seven_o time_n if_o they_o comprehend_v seven_o so_o the_o nones_n perhaps_o get_v their_o name_n in_o that_o at_o first_o they_o be_v call_v nono_fw-la idus_fw-la the_o 9th_o of_o the_o ides_n as_o they_o be_v put_v indeed_o in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o ix_o of_o the_o ides_n beside_o see_v there_o be_v three_o different_a variation_n and_o such_o as_o be_v very_o considerable_a in_o the_o course_n of_o the_o moon_n the_o one_a when_o she_o be_v entire_o hide_v by_o the_o sunbeam_n second_o on_o the_o first_o day_n of_o her_o appear_v when_o she_o rise_v at_o night_n and_o appear_v with_o horn_n at_o her_o come_n forth_o from_o under_o the_o say_a beam_n 3d_o when_o she_o be_v at_o the_o full_a it_o be_v think_v that_o romulus_n from_o thence_o take_v occasion_n to_o divide_v the_o day_n of_o his_o month_n which_o he_o begin_v always_o with_o the_o calends_o at_o the_o time_n when_o the_o moon_n sub_fw-la radiis_fw-la solis_fw-la celaretur_fw-la be_v hide_v by_o the_o sunbeam_n and_o afterward_o give_v the_o name_n of_o nonae_fw-la or_o novae_n lunae_n to_o the_o day_n whereon_o the_o new_a moon_n appear_v and_o that_o of_o the_o idus_fw-la when_o she_o be_v at_o the_o full_a or_o appear_v with_o a_o beautiful_a face_n the_o same_o word_n come_v from_o the_o greel_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d idus_fw-la which_o signify_v as_o much_o from_o whence_o they_o give_v a_o reason_n for_o the_o inequality_n of_o the_o day_n of_o the_o nones_n for_o as_o it_o happen_v by_o a_o composition_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n be_v motion_n that_o the_o moon_n come_v forth_o sometime_o soon_o from_o under_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o other_o and_o sometime_o latter_a and_o that_o this_o difference_n be_v usual_o confine_v within_o the_o space_n of_o two_o day_n it_o be_v very_o likely_a say_v they_o that_o at_o the_o time_n when_o romulus_n institute_v this_o calendar_n the_o moon_n continue_v long_o hide_v by_o the_o sunbeam_n in_o the_o month_n of_o march_n may_n july_n and_o october_n and_o that_o upon_o this_o occasion_n he_o allow_v seven_o day_n to_o the_o nones_n of_o these_o four_o month_n and_o only_o five_o to_o the_o rest_n during_o which_o the_o moon_n get_v soon_o from_o under_o the_o say_a beam_n and_o be_v visible_a november_n it_o be_v former_o the_o 9th_o month_n of_o the_o year_n institute_v by_o romulus_n which_o consist_v of_o ten_o in_o all_o and_o now_o it_o be_v the_o 11_o the_o emperor_n commodus_n call_v it_o exuperatorius_fw-la but_o after_o his_o death_n it_o reassume_v its_o former_a name_n in_o this_o month_n the_o sun_n enter_v into_o sagitarius_n and_o it_o be_v under_o the_o protection_n of_o diana_n on_o the_o first_o day_n thereof_o they_o make_v a_o feast_n to_o jupiter_n and_o perform_v the_o circensian_a game_n on_o the_o day_n of_o the_o nones_n or_o five_o be_v the_o neptunalia_fw-la celebrate_v which_o last_v eight_o day_n on_o the_o seven_o be_v hold_v the_o show_n of_o ornament_n on_o the_o 3d_o of_o the_o ides_n the_o enclosure_n of_o the_o sea_n on_o the_o ides_n the_o feast_n call_v lectisternia_fw-la on_o the_o 18_o of_o the_o calends_o the_o trial_n of_o horse_n on_o the_o 17_o of_o the_o calends_o the_o popular_a play_n in_o the_o circus_n for_o three_o day_n on_o the_o 14_o the_o trader_n feast_v last_v three_o day_n on_o the_o 13_o the_o pontiff_n supper_n in_o honour_n of_o cybele_n on_o the_o 11_o the_o liberalia_fw-la on_o the_o 10_o they_o offer_v sacrifice_n to_o pluto_n and_o proserpina_n on_o the_o 8_o be_v the_o brumalia_fw-la celebrate_v which_o last_v for_o thirty_o day_n on_o the_o 5_o be_v perform_v the_o mortuary_n sacrifice_n to_o the_o fright_a gaul_n and_o greek_n novensiles_n be_v hero_n new_o receive_v into_o the_o number_n of_o the_o god_n or_o the_o god_n of_o the_o province_n and_o kingdom_n which_o the_o roman_n have_v conquer_v and_o to_o which_o they_o sacrifice_v under_o the_o name_n of_o dii_n novensiles_n nox_fw-la the_o night_n the_o daughter_n of_o terra_n and_o chaos_n which_o the_o poet_n represent_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o woman_n in_o mourn_v crown_v with_o poppy_n and_o have_v black_a wing_n and_o ride_v in_o a_o chariot_n draw_v by_o two_o horse_n surround_v with_o star_n which_o serve_v as_o her_o guide_n they_o sacrifice_v a_o cock_n unto_o she_o cic._n l._n 3._o de_fw-fr nat._n deor._n say_v her_o child_n be_v love_n deceit_n fear_v old_a age_n misery_n distiny_n etc._n etc._n the_o night_n be_v part_n of_o the_o natural_a day_n during_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v not_o above_o
brother_n bear_v at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o latona_n he_o be_v the_o god_n of_o parnassus_n and_o the_o muse_n be_v thus_o call_v by_o the_o greek_n from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v the_o light_n of_o life_n he_o be_v also_o the_o god_n of_o divination_n some_o remain_v whereof_o be_v still_o retain_v in_o that_o upon_o twelfth-night_n when_o they_o be_v about_o to_o choose_v king_n and_o queen_n they_o cry_v in_o some_o country_n phoebe_fw-la domine_fw-la who_o shall_v be_v king_n phoenix_n a_o bird_n take_v by_o the_o modern_n to_o be_v fabulous_a and_o concern_v which_o the_o ancient_n have_v speak_v much_o they_o will_v have_v it_o that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o of_o the_o kind_a and_o that_o it_o live_v several_a age_n they_o say_v it_o be_v as_o big_a as_o a_o eagle_n with_o a_o golden_a neck_n the_o wing_n of_o a_o fire_n colour_n intermix_v with_o azure_a a_o white_a tail_n intersperse_v with_o carnation_n feather_n and_o have_v a_o twinkle_a star_n upon_o 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servus_fw-la he_o that_o carry_v his_o master_n letter_n calatores_fw-la servi_n those_o slave_n who_o call_v the_o assembly_n of_o the_o people_n together_o by_o curiae_fw-la and_o centuriae_fw-la or_o the_o other_o assembly_n of_o the_o priest_n and_o pontiff_n anteambulones_a servi_n slave_n who_o go_v before_o their_o master_n to_o make_v way_n for_o they_o to_o go_v along_o saluti-geruli_a servi_n slave_n who_o come_v to_o compliment_v their_o master_n friend_n in_o their_o name_n cursores_fw-la servi_n courier_n who_o run_v to_o carry_v news_n topiarii_fw-la servi_n those_o who_o prune_v the_o flower-garden_n orchard_n etc._n etc._n and_o form_v they_o into_o the_o shape_v of_o divers_a animal_n viridiarii_fw-la servi_n be_v those_o who_o look_v after_o orchard_n and_o bowling-greens_a pastor_n servi_n shepherd_n saltuarii_n servi_n wood-ward_n or_o forester_n venatores_fw-la hunter_n aucupes_fw-la servi_n fowler_n or_o falconer_n vestigatores_fw-la those_o who_o hunt_v beast_n 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according_a to_o the_o poet_n be_v the_o sun_n of_o nox_n and_o erebus_n ovid_n l._n 11._o metamorph._n describe_v he_o thus_o near_o unto_o the_o cimmerian_n say_v he_o there_o be_v a_o great_a cave_n dug_n in_o a_o mountain_n where_o stupefy_v sleep_v dwell_v the_o sunbeam_n never_o enlighten_v that_o place_n the_o same_o be_v cover_v with_o a_o very_a thick_a mist_n the_o bird_n never_o sing_v there_o at_o break_v of_o day_n neither_o do_v the_o dog_n disturb_v the_o silence_n of_o the_o night_n by_o their_o barking_n a_o profound_a silence_n reign_v continual_o there_o at_o the_o cave_n mouth_n there_o grow_v a_o great_a many_o poppy_n and_o mandrake_n plant_n that_o create_v stupidity_n who_o juice_n the_o night_n extract_v in_o order_n to_o throw_v it_o into_o the_o eye_n of_o men._n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o cave_n there_o be_v a_o bed_n of_o ebony_n all_o of_o one_o colour_n where_o the_o god_n sleep_n lie_v down_o soft_a and_o take_v his_o rest_n there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o dream_n who_o skip_v up_o and_o down_o round_o about_o he_o seneca_n the_o tragedian_n give_v a_o admirable_a description_n of_o sleep_n who_o he_o represent_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o ovid_n do_v to_o be_v a_o favourable_a god_n that_o give_v rest_n to_o the_o mind_n and_o put_v a_o end_n to_o our_o labour_n the_o greek_n as_o pausanias_n say_v sacrifice_v on_o the_o same_o altar_n to_o sleep_n and_o to_o the_o muse_n pretend_v that_o sleep_n be_v the_o best_a soul_n of_o the_o muse_n sleep_n be_v a_o good_a old_a man_n king_n of_o a_o certain_a palace_n who_o master_n be_v taraxion_n and_o plutocles_n the_o sovereign_a lord_n of_o the_o fountain_n careotis_n great_a master_n of_o the_o temple_n of_o imposture_n and_o truth_n and_o possessor_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n of_o a_o sanctuary_n or_o oracle_n take_v away_o by_o antipho_n he_o be_v death_n young_a brother_n who_o be_v a_o old_a carcase_n as_o ancient_a as_o all_o age_n say_v coluthus_n m._n jollius_n pretend_v that_o sleep_n be_v a_o young_a man_n and_o this_o he_o ground_n upon_o the_o inscription_n wherein_o sleep_n be_v represent_v much_o like_a unto_o a_o youth_n this_o sleep_n appear_v indeed_o young_a but_o according_a to_o m._n cuper_n it_o be_v somnus_fw-la aeternalis_fw-la because_o of_o the_o torch_n that_o be_v throw_v down_o which_o be_v a_o true_a representation_n of_o a_o life_n extinct_a or_o by_o reason_n of_o this_o torch_n be_v throw_v down_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o keep_v of_o the_o child_n harmless_a to_o light_v one_o for_o they_o in_o hell_n his_o datum_fw-la solis_fw-la minùs_fw-la ut_fw-la timerent_fw-la igne_fw-la praelato_fw-la relevare_fw-la noctem_fw-la m._n tollius_n insist_o upon_o it_o and_o instance_n in_o euclid_n two_o sleep_v one_o of_o which_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v persuade_v and_o drive_v away_o from_o the_o soul_n and_o the_o same_o belong_v to_o young_a people_n and_o the_o other_o be_v perfect_o gray_a with_o age_n and_o appertain_v to_o old_a men._n but_o the_o moral_a be_v very_o good_a euclid_n will_v hereby_o show_v that_o young_a people_n be_v easy_o bring_v of_o from_o their_o idle_a fancy_n but_o that_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o bring_v old_a man_n from_o their_o opinion_n euclid_n do_v not_o pretend_v they_o be_v two_o deity_n somnium_fw-la a_o dream_n ovid_n put_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o dream_n under_o the_o empire_n of_o sleep_n but_o he_o take_v notice_n of_o three_o who_o be_v much_o more_o potent_a than_o the_o rest_n viz._n morpheus_n icelus_n or_o phobetor_n and_o phantasos_n the_o first_o imitate_v man_n the_o second_o animal_n and_o the_o three_o mountain_n river_n and_o other_o inanimate_a thing_n all_o these_o name_n be_v take_v from_o the_o greek_a and_o they_o very_o well_o signify_v what_o they_o intimate_v to_o we_o hereby_o we_o may_v know_v that_o the_o grecian_n be_v those_o who_o form_v both_o the_o name_n of_o and_o make_v distinction_n between_o dream_n as_o well_o as_o the_o god_n of_o sleep_n lucian_n tell_v we_o dream_n be_v paint_v with_o wing_n because_o they_o fly_v away_o in_o a_o instant_a homer_n mention_n two_o gate_n through_o which_o dream_n come_v to_o we_o the_o one_o make_v of_o ivory_n from_o whence_o proceed_v doubtful_a and_o troublesome_a dream_n the_o other_o of_o horn_n through_o which_o clear_a and_o certain_a dream_n pass_v virgil_n in_o these_o verse_n borrow_v the_o thought_n from_o homer_n sunt_fw-la gemina_fw-la somni_fw-la porte_fw-fr quarum_fw-la altera_fw-la fertur_fw-la cornea_n quâ_fw-la veris_fw-la facilis_fw-la datur_fw-la exitus_fw-la vmbris_fw-la altera_fw-la candenti_fw-la perfecta_fw-la nitens_fw-la elephante_fw-la sed_fw-la falsa_fw-la ad_fw-la coelum_fw-la mittunt_fw-la insomnia_fw-mi manes_fw-la lucian_n describe_v the_o island_n of_o dream_n unto_o we_o in_o this_o manner_n we_o have_v not_o sail_v long_o before_o we_o see_v the_o isle_n of_o dream_n but_o obscure_o as_o dream_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v for_o she_o seem_v to_o remove_v far_o off_o as_o we_o draw_v near_o to_o she_o at_o last_o have_v reach_v the_o island_n we_o enter_v into_o the_o haven_n of_o sleep_n and_o there_o go_v ashore_o the_o island_n be_v encompass_v with_o a_o forest_n of_o poppy_n and_o mandrake_n full_a of_o owl_n and_o bat_n for_o there_o be_v no_o other_o bird_n upon_o it_o it_o have_v a_o river_n who_o water_n do_v not_o run_v but_o in_o the_o night_n and_o two_o fountain_n of_o stand_a water_n the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n be_v very_o high_a and_o of_o a_o changeable_a colour_n like_o the_o rainbow_n it_o have_v four_o gate_n though_o homer_n make_v it_o to_o have_v but_o two_o the_o first_o look_v towards_o the_o plain_a of_o negligence_n the_o one_o be_v make_v of_o iron_n and_o the_o other_o of_o earth_n through_o which_o frightful_a and_o melancholy_a dream_n pass_v the_o other_o two_o look_v towards_o the_o harbour_n the_o one_o be_v make_v of_o horn_n and_o the_o other_o of_o ivory_n which_o be_v that_o through_o which_o we_o enter_v sleep_n be_v the_o king_n of_o the_o island_n and_o his_o palace_n stand_v on_o the_o lefthand_n as_o you_o go_v in_o on_o his_o right-hand_n be_v the_o temple_n of_o night_n which_o the_o goddess_n worship_v there_o and_o afterward_o that_o of_o the_o cock_n sleep_n have_v two_o lieutenant_n under_o he_o viz._n taraxion_n and_o plutocles_n who_o be_v beget_v of_o fancy_n and_o nothing_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o place_n stand_v the_o fountain_n of_o sense_n which_o have_v two_o temple_n by_o the_o side_n of_o it_o the_o one_o of_o falsehood_n and_o the_o other_o of_o truth_n there_o be_v the_o oracle_n and_o sanctuary_n of_o that_o god_n to_o who_o antipho_n the_o interpreter_n of_o dream_n be_v prophet_n and_o have_v obtain_v this_o favour_n of_o sleep_n all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o island_n differ_v from_o one_o another_o some_o be_v handsome_a and_o tall_a other_o little_a and_o ugly_a these_o appear_v to_o be_v rich_a and_o clad_v in_o gold_n and_o purple_n like_a king_n in_o a_o play_n and_o the_o other_o poor_a beggarly_a and_o all_o in_o rag_n we_o meet_v with_o several_a of_o our_o acquaintance_n who_o carry_v we_o to_o their_o house_n and_o treat_v we_o noble_o prophetic_a dream_n be_v former_o as_o frequent_v as_o they_o be_v now_o rare_a and_o so_o they_o make_v a_o part_n of_o and_o be_v a_o ornament_n to_o history_n both_o sacred_a and_o profane_a god_n threaten_a king_n abimelech_n in_o a_o dream_n and_o make_v he_o release_n sarah_n abraham_n wife_n it_o be_v in_o a_o dream_n that_o jacob_n see_v the_o mysterious_a ladder_n the_o angel_n appear_v to_o jacob_n in_o mesopotamia_n and_o tell_v he_o in_o a_o dream_n that_o he_o be_v the_o god_n who_o appear_v to_o he_o in_o bethel_n joseph_n dream_n be_v well_o know_v his_o brother_n sheaf_n of_o corn_n which_o worship_v he_o and_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o eleven_o star_n which_o they_o adore_v have_v in_o a_o manner_n no_o need_n of_o interpretation_n the_o dream_n of_o pharoah_n two_o eunuch_n and_o the_o interpretation_n give_v they_o by_o joseph_n and_o pharaoh_n two_o dream_n after_o that_o which_o be_v so_o happy_o interpret_v by_o the_o say_v joseph_n be_v the_o step_v by_o which_o he_o be_v advance_v to_o the_o height_n of_o honour_n and_o power_n gideon_n be_v also_o instruct_v what_o he_o shall_v do_v by_o a_o soldier_n be_v dream_n saul_n answer_v samuel_n who_o be_v conjure_v up_o by_o the_o witch_n of_o endor_n that_o he_o make_v his_o application_n to_o she_o because_o god_n will_v neither_o answer_v he_o by_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o prophet_n nor_o by_o dream_n for_o they_o be_v the_o two_o usual_a way_n they_o have_v to_o learn_v the_o will_n of_o god_n under_o the_o old_a testament_n the_o devil_n imitate_v these_o prophetic_a dream_n and_o make_v it_o a_o piece_n of_o the_o wicked_a
in_o pagan_a theology_n that_o he_o may_v know_v of_o they_o who_o this_o great_a pan_n be_v and_o they_o conclude_v he_o be_v mercury_n and_o penelope_n son_n thus_o it_o be_v cleombrotus_n relate_v this_o history_n in_o a_o dialogue_n where_o plutarch_n treat_v of_o oracle_n and_o he_o say_v he_o have_v it_o of_o epitherses_n his_o grammar_n master_n who_o be_v in_o thamus_n his_o ship_n when_o the_o thing_n happen_v we_o may_v say_v this_o great_a pan_n who_o die_v in_o tiberius_n his_o reign_n be_v christ_n who_o death_n cause_v a_o general_a grief_n and_o consternation_n among_o the_o demon_n who_o can_v not_o now_o as_o former_o exercise_v their_o tyranny_n over_o men._n thaumatron_n a_o greek_a word_n signify_v a_o reward_n to_o be_v confer_v on_o he_o who_o have_v show_v some_o wonderful_a thing_n to_o the_o people_n it_o be_v a_o gift_n consist_v of_o denarii_fw-la which_o they_o be_v to_o pay_v who_o be_v present_a to_o see_v it_o and_o this_o be_v like_a unto_o the_o prize_n call_v niceterium_n at_o the_o olympic_a and_o circensian_a game_n and_o to_o the_o brabeia_n a_o prize_n among_o the_o ancient_n give_v to_o those_o that_o act_v on_o their_o theater_n dancer_n pantomime_n or_o jumper_n theatrum_fw-la the_o theatre_n the_o roman_n intend_v it_o far_o than_o the_o sense_n we_o take_v it_o in_o for_o hereby_o we_o mean_v no_o more_o than_o a_o stage_n whereon_o actor_n appear_v and_o act_v whereas_o the_o ancient_n by_o it_o mean_v the_o whole_a circumference_n of_o the_o place_n within_o which_o the_o actor_n and_o spectator_n be_v contain_v their_o ancient_a theater_n be_v only_o build_v of_o wood_n and_o serve_v but_o once_o just_a as_o the_o stage_n or_o scaffolding_n we_o now_o erect_v upon_o some_o extraordinary_a occasion_n m._n valerius_n messala_n and_o cassius_n longinus_n when_o censor_n take_v the_o freedom_n so_o far_o as_o to_o begin_v a_o stone_n theatre_n upon_o mount_n palatine_n near_o the_o she-wolf_n picture_n that_o suckle_v romulus_n and_o remus_n but_o scipio_n nasica_n do_v so_o vigorous_o oppose_v it_o that_o their_o design_n miscarry_v l._n mummius_n after_o he_o have_v destroy_v corinth_n carry_v to_o rome_n the_o vessel_n appertain_v to_o a_o famous_a theatre_n there_o and_o they_o be_v make_v use_n of_o at_o the_o play_v act_v at_o his_o triumph_n some_o will_v have_v he_o to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o author_n of_o wooden_a theater_n at_o rome_n m._n scaurus_n say_v solinus_n undertake_v to_o build_v a_o very_a costly_a theatre_n enrich_v with_o extraordinary_a ornament_n it_o have_v 360_o pillar_n in_o three_o row_v one_o upon_o another_o whereof_o the_o first_o be_v marble_n the_o second_o crystal_n and_o the_o three_o be_v of_o gild_a pillar_n there_o be_v 3000_o brass_n statue_n between_o the_o pillar_n curio_n build_v a_o kind_a of_o a_o suspend_v and_o fould_a theatre_n which_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o two_o at_o pleasure_n pompey_n build_v a_o stone_n theatre_n with_o so_o solid_a a_o foundation_n that_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v build_v to_o last_o for_o ever_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o a_o aqueduct_v make_v here_o to_o convey_v water_n into_o all_o the_o row_v of_o the_o theatre_n either_o to_o cool_v the_o place_n or_o to_o quench_v the_o thirst_n of_o the_o spectator_n julius_n caesar_n erect_v one_o of_o stone_n near_o the_o capitol_n and_o marcellus_n build_v another_o at_o the_o far_a end_n of_o a_o piece_n of_o ground_n call_v argiletum_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tuscanstreet_n by_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o capitol_n in_o the_o second_o division_n of_o the_o city_n it_o be_v consecrate_v by_o augustus_n there_o be_v no_o less_o than_o four_o theater_n in_o campus_n flaminius_n only_o trajan_n build_v a_o pompous_a and_o magnificent_a one_o which_o be_v ruin_v by_o adrian_n the_o principal_a part_n of_o the_o ancient_n theater_n be_v the_o scene_n or_o building_n which_o separate_v between_o the_o proscenium_n and_o postscenium_fw-la or_o place_v 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