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make_v whilst_o they_o have_v so_o fair_a a_o opportunity_n in_o their_o hand_n but_o all_o his_o instance_n be_v in_o vain_a they_o be_v in_o the_o give_a humour_n and_o resolve_v to_o do_v it_o generous_o trust_v the_o king_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o his_o word_n a_o thing_n which_o they_o have_v since_o often_o though_o too_o late_o repent_v of_o next_o morning_n the_o noble_n meet_v in_o the_o council-house_n and_o the_o other_o two_o estate_n in_o the_o brewers-hall_n the_o resolution_n of_o the_o commons_o can_v not_o be_v keep_v so_o secret_a but_o by_o this_o time_n some_o warm_a rumour_n of_o it_o have_v reach_v the_o nobility_n but_o scarce_o have_v they_o leisure_n to_o consider_v what_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v do_v on_o that_o occasion_n when_o they_o be_v inform_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v march_v towards_o they_o for_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o
have_v to_o deal_v with_o or_o according_a to_o their_o friendship_n or_o discontent_n with_o those_o prince_n and_o state_n to_o who_o the_o several_a ship_n belong_v therefore_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o to_o ascertain_v this_o toll_n conclude_v a_o treaty_n with_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n which_o be_v sign_v at_o spire_n on_o the_o rhine_n and_o be_v in_o behalf_n of_o his_o subject_n of_o the_o seventeen_o province_n of_o the_o low_a country_n who_o have_v great_a traffic_n in_o the_o baltic_a and_o agree_v that_o as_o a_o toll-custom_n in_o the_o sound_n every_o ship_n of_o 200_o tun_n and_o under_o shall_v pay_v two_o rose_n noble_n at_o its_o entrance_n or_o return_n from_o the_o baltic_a and_o every_o ship_n above_o 200_o tun_n three_o rose_n noble_n this_o agreement_n remain_v in_o force_n till_o such_o time_n as_o the_o unite_a province_n shake_v off_o the_o spanish_a yoke_n and_o then_o the_o dane_n take_v the_o advantage_n of_o those_o war_n raise_v their_o toll_n to_o a_o extravagant_a height_n the_o troublesome_a time_n not_o afford_v leisure_n to_o the_o dutch_a to_o mind_n the_o redress_v of_o such_o a_o mischief_n however_o about_o the_o year_n 1600._o they_o join_v themselves_o with_o the_o city_n of_o lubeck_n in_o opposition_n to_o such_o a_o exorbitant_a toll_n as_o be_v take_v from_o both_o of_o they_o so_o that_o from_o thenceforth_o the_o dutch_a pay_v more_o or_o less_o according_a as_o fortune_n be_v favourable_a or_o adverse_a to_o they_o but_o general_o little_a anno_fw-la 1647._o the_o first_o treaty_n be_v make_v between_o denmark_n and_o the_o unite_a province_n as_o sovereign_n for_o this_o toll_n and_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v a_o certain_a sum_n for_o each_o ship_n this_o treaty_n be_v to_o last_v forty_o year_n after_o the_o expiration_n of_o which_o if_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n no_o new_a treaty_n be_v make_v that_o of_o spire_n be_v to_o be_v in_o force_n this_o treaty_n of_o 1647._o expire_v 1687._o and_o the_o dane_n agree_v to_o make_v a_o interim_n treaty_n till_o such_o time_n as_o the_o many_o difference_n between_o they_o and_o the_o hollander_n in_o this_o and_o other_o matter_n can_v be_v adjust_v at_o leisure_n and_o conclude_v in_o a_o more_o last_a and_o solemn_a one_o this_o interim_n treaty_n which_o be_v but_o for_o four_o year_n expire_v in_o the_o year_n 1691._o so_o that_o no_o new_a treaty_n be_v make_v and_o finish_v during_o that_o time_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o only_o the_o ancient_a treaty_n of_o spire_n remain_v in_o force_n and_o no_o other_o the_o english_a treaty_n with_o denmark_n be_v ground_v on_o those_o between_o the_o dutch_a and_o that_o kingdom_n and_o have_v reference_n to_o they_o with_o a_o covenant_n that_o we_o shall_v be_v treat_v tanquam_fw-la gens_fw-la amicissima_fw-la except_v always_o sweden_n who_o ship_n pay_v no_o toll_n at_o all_o so_o that_o at_o present_a both_o the_o english_a and_o dutch_a have_v occasion_n for_o new_a treaty_n with_o denmark_n in_o this_o and_o other_o affair_n of_o trade_n unless_o it_o be_v agree_v by_o all_o party_n that_o the_o treaty_n of_o spire_n shall_v for_o so_o much_o remain_v in_o vigour_n hereafter_o from_o this_o short_a history_n of_o the_o original_a of_o this_o imposition_n it_o appear_v how_o slight_o ground_v the_o king_n of_o denmark_n title_n be_v to_o this_o right_n of_o exact_v the_o toll_n of_o the_o sound_n which_o from_o a_o easy_a contribution_n which_o merchant_n choose_v to_o pay_v for_o their_o own_o convenience_n and_o whereof_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n be_v only_a treasurer_n or_o trustee_n to_o see_v it_o fair_o lay_v out_o for_o the_o common_a use_n be_v grow_v to_o be_v a_o heavy_a imposition_n upon_o trade_n as_o well_o as_o a_o kind_n of_o servile_a acknowledgement_n of_o his_o sovereignty_n of_o those_o sea_n and_o be_v pure_o owe_v to_o his_o take_v a_o advantage_n of_o the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o hollander_n during_o their_o war_n with_o spain_n and_o the_o connivance_n of_o king_n james_n the_o first_o in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o english_a who_o favour_v the_o dane_n upon_o account_n of_o his_o marriage_n to_o a_o daughter_n of_o that_o crown_n upon_o who_o two_o example_n all_o the_o lesser_a state_n be_v force_v to_o submit_v nor_o can_v it_o be_v conceive_v how_o it_o can_v be_v otherwise_o bring_v about_o since_o it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v that_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o sound_n be_v not_o the_o only_a one_o to_o the_o baltic_a sea_n there_o be_v two_o other_o call_v the_o great_a and_o lesser_a belt_n and_o that_o of_o the_o great_a belt_n so_o commodious_a and_o large_a that_o during_o the_o late_a war_n the_o whole_a dutch_a fleet_n choose_v to_o pass_v through_o it_o and_o continue_v in_o it_o for_o four_o or_o five_o month_n together_o and_o the_o danish_a strength_n at_o sea_n never_o appear_v yet_o so_o formidable_a as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o oblige_v the_o english_a and_o dutch_a to_o choose_v which_o passage_n it_o please_v beside_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o sound_n in_o the_o narrow_a part_n be_v four_o english_a mile_n over_o and_o every_o where_o of_o a_o sufficient_a depth_n so_o that_o his_o castle_n can_v not_o command_v the_o channel_n when_o he_o be_v master_n of_o both_o side_n much_o less_o now_o that_o he_o have_v but_o one_o so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a this_o pretend_a sovereignty_n be_v very_o precarious_a be_v partly_o found_v on_o a_o breach_n of_o trust_n as_o well_o as_o the_o carelessness_n of_o some_o of_o the_o prince_n concern_v in_o it_o to_o the_o great_a injury_n of_o trade_n and_o the_o spaniard_n may_v with_o as_o much_o right_n lay_v claim_n to_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o straits_n of_o gibraltar_n where_o there_o be_v but_o one_o passage_n or_o the_o swede_n who_o be_v now_o master_n of_o one_o of_o the_o castle_n on_o the_o sound_n demand_v another_o toll_n of_o all_o ship_n since_o both_o be_v better_a able_a to_o support_v their_o claim_n for_o the_o further_a clear_v of_o this_o point_n and_o to_o show_v how_o it_o agree_v with_o the_o account_n i_o have_v already_o give_v i_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o insert_v in_o this_o place_n the_o copy_n of_o a_o letter_n from_o a_o very_a understanding_n person_n march_v 31._o 1691._o sir_n the_o duty_n or_o custom_n in_o the_o sound_n be_v of_o old_a time_n no_o more_o than_o a_o rose_n noble_a for_o each_o ship_n load_v include_v but_o within_o these_o hundred_o year_n some_o say_v since_o king_n james_n of_o scotland_n come_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o wink_v at_o it_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n have_v the_o land_n on_o both_o side_n the_o passage_n begin_v to_o impose_v tax_n on_o the_o merchandise_n and_o raise_v high_o those_o which_o be_v former_o on_o the_o ship_n which_o the_o lubecker_n who_o be_v then_o powerful_a refuse_v to_o pay_v anno_fw-la 1640._o the_o king_n cause_v a_o book_n of_o rate_n to_o be_v print_v whereof_o i_o have_v one_o according_a to_o which_o a_o ship_n of_o 100_o last_n or_o 200_o tun_n which_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n do_v pay_v as_o follow_v for_o 100_o last_o of_o salt_n to_o the_o east_n 300_o rix_n dollar_n for_o the_o ship_n and_o petty_a charge_n on_o the_o salt_n 34_o rix_n dollar_n 24_o stivers_n and_o for_o 100_o last_v of_o rye_n from_o the_o east_n 150_o r._n d._n for_o ship_n and_o petty_a charge_n as_o above_o 34_o r._n d._n 24_o stivers_n so_o that_o the_o charge_n of_o a_o ship_n of_o this_o burden_n with_o its_o lade_n forward_o and_o backward_o be_v 519_o rix_n dollar_n hereupon_o the_o hollander_n make_v a_o alliance_n with_o the_o swede_n who_o anno_fw-la 1643._o by_o the_o way_n of_o germany_n invade_v denmark_n and_o the_o dutch_a lend_v they_o ship_n then_o the_o king_n print_v another_o book_n of_o rate_n more_o favourable_a demand_v for_o 100_o last_v of_o spanish_a salt_n 100_o rix_n dollar_n for_o 100_o last_v of_o rye_n 75_o r._n d._n ship_n charge_n in_o and_o out_o as_o above_z 69_o r._n d._n the_o whole_a amount_v to_o 244_o r._n d._n but_o this_o be_v neither_o do_v time_n enough_o nor_o the_o rate_n lower_v enough_o the_o hollander_n by_o their_o treaty_n with_o denmark_n of_o 1646._o or_o thereabouts_o bring_v they_o thus_o the_o 100_o last_o of_o salt_n to_o 50_o rix_n dollar_n 100_o last_o of_o rye_n to_o 50_o r._n d._n ship_n and_o other_o petty_a charge_n nothing_o in_o all_o for_o each_o ship_n 100_o rix_n dollar_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o this_o untimely_a heighten_v of_o their_o custom_n it_o be_v that_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n have_v lose_v so_o many_o territory_n to_o the_o swede_n but_o to_o answer_v your_o demand_n more_o full_o it_o be_v in_o those_o day_n that_o be_v about_o the_o year_n 1640._o that_o the_o
native_n have_v reason_n rather_o to_o wish_v for_o than_o defend_v their_o country_n from_o a_o invader_n because_o they_o have_v little_a or_o no_o property_n to_o lose_v and_o may_v probable_o thereby_o mend_v their_o condition_n when_o there_o be_v scarce_o a_o possibility_n of_o make_v it_o worse_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o great_a sense_n of_o this_o in_o the_o court_n and_o therefore_o a_o army_n compose_v of_o foreigner_n be_v depend_v on_o here_o follow_v the_o particular_n of_o the_o revenue_n  _fw-fr rix_n dollar_n toll_n of_o the_o sound_n 65000_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o toll_n of_o denmark_n farm_a at_o 165000_o the_o consumption_n or_o excise_n of_o copenhagen_n farm_a at_o 140000_o the_o consumption_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o denmark_n 140000_o smaller_n tax_n in_o denmark_n 100000_o poll-tax_n fortification-tax_n ground-rent_n hardcorn-tax_n 1000000_o all_o the_o revenue_n of_o norway_n 700000_o king_n estate_n crown-land_n etc._n etc._n 200000_o iseland_n farm_a for_o 27000_o oldenburg_n and_o delmenhorst_n 80000_o toll_n upon_o the_o weser_n 5000_o feroe_n greenland_n etc._n etc._n 0_o rix_n dollar_n 2622000_o it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o poll-tax_n and_o the_o fortification-tax_n be_v never_o both_o raise_v the_o same_o year_n so_o that_o there_o must_v be_v deduct_v out_o of_o that_o sum_n about_o 400000_o rix_n dollar_n in_o lieu_n of_o one_o of_o those_o tax_n and_o then_o the_o sum_n total_a of_o the_o whole_a revenue_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n will_v amount_v every_o year_n to_o about_o two_o million_o two_o hundred_o twenty_o two_o thousand_o rix_n dollar_n chap._n x._o of_o the_o army_n fleet_n and_o fortress_n have_v do_v with_o the_o revenue_n i_o come_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o show_v how_o those_o sum_n be_v expend_v and_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o levy_n of_o they_o be_v not_o more_o grievous_a to_o the_o subject_a than_o the_o reason_n for_o which_o they_o be_v levy_v viz._n the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o great_a stand_a army_n so_o that_o the_o people_n be_v contributor_n to_o their_o own_o misery_n and_o their_o purse_n be_v drain_v in_o order_n to_o their_o slavery_n thus_o the_o king_n of_o france_n make_v the_o rich_a town_n he_o take_v be_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o build_v citadel_n to_o keep_v themselves_o in_o awe_n and_o it_o be_v that_o master_n of_o the_o art_n of_o reign_v as_o his_o flatterer_n call_v he_o that_o have_v instruct_v the_o court_n of_o denmark_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o prince_n and_o state_n of_o europe_n the_o pernicious_a secret_n of_o make_v one_o part_n of_o the_o people_n both_o the_o bridle_n and_o scourge_n of_o the_o other_o which_o in_o time_n must_v needs_o end_v in_o a_o general_a desolation_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n have_v be_v but_o too_o apt_a a_o pupil_n to_o such_o a_o master_n and_o have_v endeavour_v even_o to_o exceed_v his_o original_a which_o he_o find_v to_o his_o cost_n at_o this_o day_n in_o raise_v more_o man_n than_o his_o country_n can_v maintain_v soldier_n be_v through_z i_o know_v not_o what_o mistake_v policy_n esteem_v the_o riches_n of_o the_o northern_a king_n and_o other_o german_a prince_n for_o when_o they_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o each_o other_o wealth_n it_o be_v not_o by_o the_o usual_a and_o ancient_a manner_n of_o computation_n the_o fertility_n or_o extent_n of_o the_o territory_n the_o traffic_n industry_n number_n or_o riches_n of_o the_o people_n but_o by_o so_o many_o horse_n and_o foot_n for_o the_o subsistence_n of_o which_o they_o be_v force_v after_o they_o have_v eat_v up_o their_o own_o subject_n to_o make_v use_n of_o a_o hundred_o cruel_a and_o unjust_a shift_n to_o the_o ruin_n of_o their_o neighbour_n and_o when_o they_o can_v accomplish_v such_o a_o destructive_a project_n in_o the_o manner_n they_o wish_v than_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o foment_n quarrel_n between_o more_o potent_a prince_n that_o they_o may_v have_v the_o opportunity_n of_o sell_v to_o one_o or_o other_o those_o force_n which_o themselves_o can_v possible_o maintain_v so_o that_o at_o present_a soldier_n be_v grow_v to_o be_v as_o saleable_a ware_n as_o sheep_n or_o ox_n and_o be_v as_o little_o concern_v when_o they_o be_v sell_v for_o provide_v the_o officer_n be_v render_v content_n by_o the_o purchaser_n in_o have_v liberty_n to_o plunder_v the_o laborious_a and_o honest_a country_n people_n in_o their_o march_n and_o a_o fat_a winter-quarter_n with_o permission_n to_o defraud_v their_o own_o man_n of_o their_o pay_n the_o common_a soldier_n go_v with_o no_o more_o sense_n than_o a_o beast_n to_o the_o slaughter_n have_v no_o such_o sentiment_n as_o love_n of_o honour_n country_n religion_n liberty_n or_o any_o thing_n more_o than_o mere_a fear_n of_o be_v hang_v for_o a_o deserter_n but_o this_o mischievous_a custom_n of_o prince_n esteem_v soldier_n the_o only_a true_a riches_n be_v first_o begin_v and_o establish_v by_o the_o french_a king_n and_o be_v grow_v general_a by_o his_o care_n to_o cultivate_v this_o opinion_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o german_a prince_n who_o poor_a country_n he_o foresee_v will_v be_v soon_o ruin_v by_o such_o a_o practice_n this_o he_o principal_o aim_v at_o and_o it_o have_v bring_v matter_n to_o such_o a_o pass_n that_o war_n and_o destruction_n be_v grow_v absolute_o necessary_a for_o as_o all_o man_n that_o lay_v up_o wealth_n never_o think_v they_o have_v enough_o so_o these_o that_o consider_v soldier_n as_o the_o only_a ricly_n never_o cease_v enlarge_a their_o number_n till_o they_o be_v necessitate_v for_o their_o subsistance_n either_o to_o come_v to_o blow_n with_o their_o neighbour_n or_o to_o create_v animosity_n between_o other_o wherein_o they_o have_v find_v the_o knack_n of_o be_v employ_v and_o receive_v pay_n without_o interess_v themselves_o in_o the_o quarrel_n where_o this_o will_v end_v god_n almighty_n know_v and_o can_v only_o prevent_v the_o apparent_a mischief_n threaten_v by_o it_o viz._n the_o universal_a misery_n and_o depopulation_n of_o europe_n for_o since_o this_o practice_n be_v grow_v so_o general_a none_o of_o these_o king_n or_o prince_n though_o endow_v with_o a_o more_o peaceable_a spirit_n and_o better_a judgement_n than_o the_o rest_n dare_v lead_v the_o dance_n and_o disarm_v for_o fear_v of_o his_o arm_a neighbour_n who_o necessity_n make_v they_o wait_v only_o for_o a_o opportunity_n to_o fall_v upon_o he_o that_o be_v worst_a provide_v to_o make_v resistance_n and_o this_o be_v none_o of_o the_o least_o calamity_n which_o the_o french_a tyranny_n have_v force_v upon_o the_o world_n have_v reduce_v all_o the_o prince_n and_o commonwealth_n of_o it_o to_o this_o hard_a choice_n either_o to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o a_o intolerable_a foreign_a yoke_n or_o maintain_v viper_n at_o home_n to_o gnaw_v their_o own_o bowel_n but_o the_o consequence_n of_o these_o unjust_a practice_n have_v be_v more_o pernicious_a to_o denmark_n than_o to_o the_o french_a king_n that_o set_v the_o example_n the_o toad_n may_v emulate_v the_o ox_n and_o swell_v but_o he_o shall_v soon_o burst_v than_o equal_v he_o the_o one_o go_v on_o in_o a_o course_n of_o prosperous_a tyranny_n but_o the_o other_o through_o a_o ill_a calculation_n of_o his_o own_o strength_n which_o be_v no_o way_n proportionable_a to_o his_o ambition_n never_o hitherto_o thrive_v in_o any_o of_o his_o attempt_n upon_o his_o neighbour_n hamburg_n be_v yet_o a_o free_a city_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n restore_v to_o his_o possession_n whilst_o schonen_fw-mi halland_n bleke_v and_o yempterland_n remain_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o swede_n who_o in_o take_v up_o arm_n for_o their_o own_o defence_n have_v have_v the_o fortune_n to_o revenge_v the_o injury_n and_o the_o dane_n be_v constrain_v to_o acquiesce_v in_o the_o loss_n of_o those_o their_o best_a province_n without_o any_o rational_a hope_n of_o ever_o recover_v they_o a_o list_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o foot_n in_o the_o service_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n which_o belong_v particular_o to_o denmark_n holstein_n and_o oldenburg_n horse_n men._n regiment_n of_o danish_a guard_n consist_v of_o six_o troop_n 75_o man_n in_o each_o troop_n lieutenant_n general_n pless_n colonel_n with_o officer_n of_o all_o sort_n 500_o regiment_n of_o holstein_n guard_n consist_v of_o nine_o troop_n each_o fifty_o with_o the_o officer_n colonel_n bass_n 450_o col._n berensdorf_n s_o regiment_n nine_o troop_n 450_o col._n john_n rantzaw_v nine_o troop_n 450_o col._n rave_v nine_o troop_n 450_o col._n swanwedle_n nine_o troop_n 450_o col._n bassum_fw-la nine_o troop_n 450_o col._n nemerson_n nine_o troop_n 450_o col._n hulst_n nine_o troop_n 450_o col._n sturk_n nine_o troop_n 450_o col._n otto_n rantzaw_v nine_o troop_n 450_o col._n gam_n nine_o troop_n 450_o total_a 5450_o dragoon_n men._n baron_fw-fr lyondale_n colonel_n 500_o norway_n col._n bee_n