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river_n yamour_fw-fr to_o the_o calmuck_n tartar_n from_o who_o they_o be_v however_o separate_v by_o great_a desert_n and_o border_n to_o the_o southeast_n and_o east_n upon_o turquestan_n and_o china_n they_o be_v subdivide_v into_o three_o great_a province_n each_o of_o they_o be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o its_o particular_a chan_n or_o taiso_n who_o be_v all_o three_o of_o the_o same_o family_n and_o cultivate_v a_o very_a good_a understanding_n betwixt_o one_o another_o have_v several_a under_o chans_n under_o their_o jurisdiction_n the_o first_o and_o chief_a of_o these_o chans_n be_v call_v tchetchinga_n his_o territory_n lie_v betwixt_o china_n and_o the_o tartar_n of_o bogdoi_fw-la they_o inhabit_v neither_o town_n nor_o village_n their_o house_n which_o be_v but_o few_o in_o number_n lie_v scatter_v here_o and_o there_o without_o any_o regularity_n they_o be_v very_o troublesome_a to_o their_o neighbour_n inhabit_v about_o the_o lake_n dalai_n and_o all_o along_o the_o river_n szelinga_fw-mi one_o of_o their_o under_o chans_n call_v becroesain_o territory_n border_v upon_o that_o river_n it_o be_v in_o the_o territory_n of_o this_o chan_n tchetchinga_n that_o the_o coutousta_n lama_n or_o the_o vicar_n of_o the_o dalaè_fw-fr lama_n have_v his_o residence_n be_v respect_v here_o as_o the_o patriarch_n of_o all_o the_o mongul_n and_o adore_v almost_o like_o a_o deity_n he_o follow_v they_o wherever_o they_o ramble_v and_o it_o be_v to_o he_o they_o refer_v the_o decision_n of_o all_o their_o difference_n these_o tartar_n be_v natural_o of_o a_o very_a mild_a and_o pliable_a temper_n the_o second_o of_o the_o principal_a chans_n be_v call_v octiervikan_n and_o the_o three_o de_fw-fr jan_n gari_n but_o their_o territory_n lie_v out_o of_o the_o way_n of_o commerce_n and_o consequent_o be_v unfrequented_a by_o stranger_n be_v nothing_o near_o so_o well_o know_v as_o the_o first_o they_o be_v very_o jealous_a of_o the_o tartar_n of_o bogdoi_fw-la 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the_o family_n of_o ivena_n which_o have_v sway_v the_o sceptre_n of_o this_o spacious_a empire_n till_o the_o year_n 1368_o be_v expel_v by_o the_o chinese_n and_o the_o imperial_a diadem_n bestow_v upon_o the_o family_n of_o tayminga_n after_o this_o family_n have_v reign_v very_o peaceable_o for_o near_o the_o space_n of_o 300_o year_n the_o same_o diutchari_n or_o bogdoi_fw-la tartar_n in_o the_o year_n 1644_o reentered_n china_n with_o a_o vast_a army_n and_o at_o last_o reduce_v the_o whole_a empire_n under_o their_o obedience_n the_o first_o emperor_n of_o the_o tartarian_a race_n be_v chunchi_n their_o prince_n the_o chief_z of_o the_o family_n of_o taitsingva_n who_o reign_v at_o present_a in_o china_n the_o tartar_n of_o bogdoi_fw-la as_o also_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o province_n dauri_n be_v not_o near_o so_o rich_a in_o cattle_n as_o the_o mongul_n their_o horse_n be_v but_o very_o small_a and_o never_o shooe_v by_o their_o owner_n but_o they_o drive_v a_o considerable_a trade_n in_o sables_n and_o black_a fox_n skin_n as_o also_o in_o ruby_n and_o pearl_n which_o the_o river_n argus_n yamour_n and_o chingala_n afford_v they_o their_o house_n be_v build_v of_o nothing_o but_o earth_n and_o they_o resemble_v both_o in_o their_o stature_n and_o face_n most_o of_o the_o european_a tartar_n but_o especial_o those_o of_o crim_n except_o that_o they_o be_v much_o more_o civilise_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o continual_a commerce_n with_o the_o chinese_n their_o speech_n and_o the_o character_n they_o make_v use_v of_o have_v a_o very_a near_o resemblance_n to_o the_o vulgar_a dialect_n of_o the_o persian_n but_o they_o have_v above_o sixty_o letter_n in_o their_o alphabet_n and_o write_v and_o read_v from_o the_o top_n downward_o like_o the_o chinese_n they_o scarce_o profess_v any_o certain_a religion_n but_o wear_v most_o of_o they_o cross_n which_o they_o keep_v in_o great_a veneration_n and_o be_v great_a enemy_n of_o the_o mahometan_n both_o gun_n and_o gunpowder_n be_v in_o use_n among_o they_o but_o not_o so_o frequent_o neither_o with_o the_o same_o dexterity_n as_o in_o europe_n they_o have_v not_o attain_v to_o the_o same_o perfection_n in_o the_o composition_n of_o the_o latter_a so_o that_o it_o be_v but_o of_o little_a strength_n and_o their_o great_a artillery_n which_o be_v very_o indifferent_o cast_v not_o very_o suitable_a to_o their_o ramble_a way_n of_o live_v they_o more_o frequent_o make_v use_n of_o the_o same_o arm_n as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o tartar_n beside_o these_o three_o different_a sort_n of_o tartar_n we_o have_v speak_v of_o there_o be_v several_a other_o as_o the_o tostiouski_n watski_n or_o vigulci_n barbanski_n or_o scibanski_n tyrgyski_n tingoesi_n and_o other_o who_o inhabit_v about_o the_o lake_n and_o all_o along_o the_o river_n between_o siberia_n and_o the_o tartar_n of_o mongul_n they_o most_o of_o they_o agree_v in_o physiognomy_n and_o language_n with_o the_o calmuck_n 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habitation_n of_o the_o tingoesi_n live_v in_o wretched_a cottage_n dispose_v into_o several_a small_a horde_n or_o company_n the_o river_n overflow_v the_o adjacent_a plain_n in_o the_o spring_n during_o which_o time_n the_o inhabitant_n retire_v into_o the_o mountain_n and_o return_v to_o the_o plain_n with_o their_o cattle_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o water_n be_v fall_v they_o find_v they_o of_o a_o very_a gentle_a and_o mild_a disposition_n have_v at_o the_o persuasion_n of_o the_o samoyede_n soon_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o muscovian_a government_n but_o what_o be_v very_o observable_a be_v that_o these_o tartarian_n have_v great_a swell_a throat_n like_v in_o italy_n the_o inhabitant_n under_o the_o alps_n all_o the_o tartar_n in_o those_o part_n be_v of_o a_o swart_a complexion_n incline_v to_o a_o olive_n colour_n they_o have_v broad_a face_n flat_o below_o but_o rise_v on_o the_o upper-part_n their_o eye_n very_o small_a but_o brisk_a and_o sparkle_a they_o have_v very_o short_a and_o flat_a nose_n wear_v a_o little_a hair_n upon_o their_o
he_o be_v his_o czarish_a majesty_n galop_n or_o slave_n it_o be_v therefore_o the_o czar_n alone_o that_o give_v law_n to_o the_o people_n it_o be_v he_o that_o dispose_v of_o the_o government_n of_o province_n it_o be_v he_o that_o levy_n tax_n make_v peace_n and_o war_n and_o to_o be_v short_a do_v what_o he_o please_v for_o though_o he_o consult_v in_o matter_n of_o importance_n with_o his_o boyar_n or_o councillor_n yet_o beside_o that_o this_o counsel_n be_v of_o his_o own_o choose_v he_o do_v not_o always_o follow_v it_o but_o reserve_v to_o himself_o the_o prerogative_n of_o do_v what_o he_o judge_v most_o convenient_a the_o honour_n of_o knez_n boyars_fw-mi duke_n or_o prince_n owe_v all_o their_o origin_n to_o the_o czar_n favour_n which_o they_o bestow_v upon_o such_o as_o they_o will_v reward_v for_o their_o service_n and_o the_o great_a of_o they_o depend_v upon_o the_o czar_n mere_a pleasure_n and_o own_o public_o that_o all_o they_o have_v belong_v to_o god_n and_o they_o nay_o former_o within_o our_o age_n they_o be_v whip_v like_o the_o vile_a slave_n and_o that_o sometime_o for_o a_o small_a matter_n but_o of_o late_a year_n small_a miscarriage_n have_v be_v punish_v with_o two_o or_o three_o day_n imprisonment_n this_o slavish_a subjection_n seem_v to_o be_v natural_a to_o the_o muscovite_n forasmuch_o as_o in_o all_o these_o several_a revolution_n that_o have_v happen_v there_o in_o our_o age_n they_o have_v frequent_o change_v their_o master_n but_o never_o show_v the_o least_o inclination_n of_o change_v the_o form_n of_o their_o government_n which_o the_o sovereign_a power_n have_v devolve_v into_o their_o hand_n the_o wise_a sort_n among_o they_o be_v perhaps_o sensible_a that_o those_o who_o be_v good_a slave_n make_v the_o worst_a freeman_n in_o the_o world_n not_o only_o their_o natural_a inclination_n but_o also_o their_o education_n have_v infuse_v into_o they_o the_o principle_n of_o passive_a obedience_n in_o so_o transcendent_a a_o degree_n as_o not_o to_o have_v the_o true_a sense_n of_o that_o liberty_n we_o enjoy_v in_o these_o part_n this_o be_v sufficient_o evident_a out_o of_o their_o whole_a behaviour_n both_o in_o public_a and_o private_a none_o among_o they_o of_o what_o quality_n soever_o approach_v the_o czar_n with_o a_o petition_n or_o otherwise_o but_o he_o name_v himself_o in_o the_o diminutive_a as_o for_o instance_n if_o his_o name_n be_v peter_n he_o will_v say_v i_o little_a peter_n do_v implore_v etc._n etc._n when_o they_o be_v to_o be_v admit_v into_o his_o presence_n they_o say_v shall_v i_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o see_v the_o brightness_n of_o the_o eye_n of_o his_o czarish_a majesty_n if_o you_o ask_v they_o a_o question_n that_o surpass_v their_o judgement_n they_o will_v answer_v god_n and_o the_o czar_n know_v and_o nothing_o be_v more_o frequent_a in_o their_o common_a discourse_n than_o to_o own_o that_o all_o what_o they_o have_v be_v at_o god_n and_o the_o czar_n disposal_n the_o great_a duke_n john_n basilowit_v be_v the_o first_o that_o reduce_v they_o to_o this_o entire_a submission_n for_o when_o most_o of_o these_o territory_n now_o under_o the_o subjection_n of_o the_o grand_a czar_n of_o muscovy_n be_v divide_v into_o a_o great_a many_o principality_n govern_v by_o their_o own_o law_n and_o prince_n there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o that_o the_o nobility_n have_v their_o share_n in_o the_o government_n here_o as_o well_o as_o they_o have_v in_o former_a age_n in_o most_o country_n of_o europe_n and_o what_o confirm_v i_o the_o more_o in_o this_o opinion_n be_v that_o at_o the_o solemnity_n of_o the_o czar_n coronation_n among_o other_o thing_n the_o estate_n ecclesiastical_a and_o temporal_a be_v mention_v by_o the_o patriarch_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v anon_o this_o entire_a resignation_n and_o subjection_n of_o the_o muscovite_n to_o the_o absolute_a disposal_n of_o their_o sovereign_n have_v ever_o since_o be_v maintain_v by_o three_o general_a 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valentinian_n and_o licinius_n use_v to_o term_v learn_v the_o plague_n and_o poison_n of_o sovereignty_n and_o that_o by_o travel_v abroad_o they_o may_v not_o be_v enamour_a with_o the_o sweet_a taste_n of_o liberty_n other_o nation_n enjoy_v and_o perhaps_o by_o their_o conversation_n be_v instruct_v in_o such_o matter_n as_o be_v not_o to_o be_v learn_v at_o home_n they_o be_v not_o only_o prohibit_v to_o go_v abroad_o into_o other_o country_n but_o also_o person_n of_o a_o high_a rank_n debar_v from_o converse_v with_o foreign_a minister_n in_o their_o own_o country_n without_o the_o great_a duke_n express_a permission_n and_o for_o fear_n that_o by_o introduce_v a_o foreign_a princess_n some_o new_a custom_n may_v be_v introduce_v among_o the_o muscovite_n which_o in_o time_n may_v cause_v a_o alteration_n in_o the_o state_n the_o czar_n of_o muscovy_n quite_o contrary_a to_o what_o be_v practise_v by_o other_o prince_n in_o europe_n always_o choose_v their_o spouse_n among_o their_o own_o subject_n the_o czar_n be_v thus_o secure_a of_o his_o subject_n entire_a obedience_n he_o alone_o create_v and_o depose_v magistrate_n and_o order_n they_o to_o be_v punish_v at_o pleasure_n he_o appoint_v the_o governor_n and_o lieutenant_n of_o province_n for_o the_o management_n of_o the_o ancient_a demesne_n and_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n they_o have_v a_o diack_n or_o secretary_n and_o sometime_o another_o assessor_n join_v with_o they_o and_o take_v cognisance_n of_o all_o matter_n give_v a_o final_a and_o absolute_a judgement_n in_o all_o cause_n and_o have_v full_a power_n to_o see_v their_o sentence_n put_v in_o execution_n without_o any_o appeal_n unless_o the_o cause_n be_v remove_v before_o judgement_n give_v to_o one_o of_o the_o pricas_n or_o court_n of_o justice_n in_o musco_n they_o be_v change_v from_o three_o year_n to_o three_o year_n beside_o these_o court_n keep_v by_o the_o waywode_n or_o governor_n in_o the_o province_n there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o other_o who_o be_v all_o keep_v in_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n and_o be_v call_v pricas_n where_o always_o one_o of_o the_o boyar_n or_o the_o czar_n minister_n be_v precedent_n have_v join_v with_o he_o sometime_o one_o sometime_o more_o assessor_n and_o a_o diack_n or_o secretary_n the_o chief_a be_v pomiestnoi_n pricas_n where_o a_o register_n be_v keep_v of_o all_o manor_n hold_v by_o homage_n and_o the_o suit_n concern_v they_o be_v adjudge_v and_o the_o duty_n belong_v to_o the_o great_a duke_n receive_v in_o the_o casanskoi_fw-fr and_o siberskoy_n pricas_n all_o difference_n of_o the_o province_n of_o casan_n and_o siberia_n be_v determine_v and_o account_n keep_v of_o all_o the_o fur_n come_v from_o thence_o to_o the_o great_a duke_n in_o the_o rosboinoy_n pricas_n all_o robbery_n upon_o the_o highway_n murder_n and_o other_o criminal_a cause_n be_v judge_v the_o province_n of_o gallitz_n and_o wolodimer_n have_v also_o their_o particular_a pricas_n which_o be_v call_v galliasko-volodimirski_a pricas_n as_o novorodkoi_n pricas_n belong_v to_o novogorod_n and_o nisenovogorod_a the_o knez_n and_o boyars_n have_v their_o own_o pricas_n as_o have_v also_o the_o gentleman_n and_o officer_n of_o the_o court_n the_o diack_n secretary_n clerk_n etc._n etc._n have_v their_o own_o judge_n in_o the_o monasterski_n pricas_n all_o ecclesiastical_a person_n whether_o secular_a priest_n or_o monk_n be_v judge_v except_o it_o be_v in_o privilege_a case_n beside_o which_o the_o patriarch_n have_v his_o particular_a pricas_n there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o other_o pricas_n or_o court_n of_o justice_n as_o those_o for_o the_o czar_n factor_n for_o his_o revenue_n for_o the_o galop_n or_o slave_n for_o the_o retaler_n of_o wine_n aqua_fw-la vitæ_fw-la and_o hydromel_n or_o mead_n for_o his_o smith_n armourer_n cannoneer_n for_o the_o military_a officer_n for_o the_o cavalry_n and_o many_o more_o too_o many_o to_o be_v describe_v here_o beside_o which_o
of_o musco_n partly_o be_v dispose_v in_o the_o frontier-place_n the_o custom_n be_v very_o considerable_a in_o muscovy_n five_o per_fw-la cent._n of_o all_o merchandice_n import_v or_o export_v be_v to_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o czar_n the_o customhouse_n of_o archangel_n have_v some_o year_n pay_v in_o near_o 200000_o l._n sterling_n and_o since_o the_o establishment_n of_o a_o free_a commerce_n betwixt_o china_n persia_n and_o muscovy_n the_o custom_n pay_v on_o those_o frontier_n amount_v to_o a_o great_a sum_n yearly_a the_o czar_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o general_n merchant_n of_o the_o empire_n employ_v under_o he_o a_o great_a number_n of_o factor_n who_o be_v all_o accountable_a to_o he_o what_o be_v import_v by_o the_o greek_n and_o persian_n be_v engross_v for_o the_o czar_n use_n at_o a_o certain_a price_n hides_n pot-ash_n wax_n hemp_n flax_n and_o other_o such_o like_a commodity_n which_o be_v of_o the_o product_n of_o muscovy_n be_v send_v by_o these_o factor_n to_o archangel_n and_o other_o place_n where_o they_o be_v truck_v off_o for_o silk_n cloth_n velvet_n cloth_n of_o gold_n and_o such_o other_o commodity_n as_o the_o czar_n stand_v in_o need_n of_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n in_o muscovy_n for_o the_o czar_n to_o bestow_v his_o grace_n among_o his_o subject_n in_o silk_n velvet_n sable_n and_o such_o like_a as_o his_o houshold-servant_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n pay_v with_o meal_n honey_n fish_n nut-oil_n oaâ—s_n beer_n mead_n and_o other_o necessary_n his_o revenue_n out_o ofâ—the_a fur_n and_o caviar_n as_o also_o the_o ithyocolla_n and_o agarick_n â—_o must_v needs_o be_v very_o great_a forasmuch_o as_o he_o monopolize_v these_o commodity_n bath-stove_n be_v so_o common_a in_o muscovy_n that_o there_o be_v not_o a_o village_n so_o small_a but_o have_v one_o or_o more_o of_o they_o the_o impost_n lay_v upon_o those_o that_o keep_v they_o for_o public_a use_v amount_n to_o a_o vast_a sum_n but_o as_o the_o tavern_n and_o other_o house_n 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military_a expense_n be_v almost_o incredible_a the_o vastness_n of_o his_o territory_n oblige_v he_o to_o keep_v above_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o man_n in_o constant_a pay_n which_o in_o time_n of_o war_n be_v sometime_o augment_v to_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o his_o war_n be_v more_o expensive_a to_o he_o than_o most_o other_o prince_n of_o europe_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a number_n of_o foreign_a officer_n as_o well_o as_o soldier_n he_o entertain_v in_o his_o army_n who_o be_v both_o very_o plentiful_o and_o punctual_o pay_v so_o that_o notwithstanding_o the_o vastness_n of_o his_o revenue_n at_o the_o commencement_n of_o any_o war_n he_o be_v oblige_v to_o lay_v extraordinary_a imposition_n upon_o his_o subject_n the_o great_a duke_n coin_n coin_n have_v only_o the_o power_n of_o coin_v money_n the_o same_o be_v common_o farm_a out_o to_o several_a merchant_n of_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n novogorod_n it_o be_v and_o plescou_n these_o four_o city_n enjoy_v alone_o the_o privilege_n of_o coin_v throughout_o all_o muscovy_n their_o silver_n coin_n for_o gold_n they_o have_v none_o unless_o it_o be_v medal_n be_v of_o a_o oval_a figure_n and_o very_o small_a the_o big_a be_v worth_a but_o a_o penny_n they_o call_v they_o copee_n or_o dena_v have_v on_o one_o side_n the_o arm_n of_o muscovy_n as_o we_o have_v describe_v it_o before_o and_o on_o the_o other_o the_o great_a duke_n name_n then_o reign_v and_o that_o of_o the_o city_n where_o it_o be_v coin_v they_o have_v two_o lesser_a sort_n call_v poluske_n and_o mustofske_v the_o first_o be_v worth_a half_n the_o second_o the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o câ—pee_n both_o of_o silver_n so_o that_o this_o small_a money_n be_v so_o very_o troublesome_a to_o tell_v the_o muscovite_n in_o their_o trade_n make_v up_o their_o account_n by_o altin_n grif_n and_o rubble_n the_o first_o of_o these_o they_o count_v worth_a three_o the_o second_o ten_o and_o the_o three_o a_o hundred_o copee_n though_o there_o be_v not_o such_o coin_n in_o muscovy_n but_o only_o be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o commerce_n to_o avoid_v the_o multiplication_n of_o copee_n beside_o this_o small_a money_n they_o make_v use_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o rixdollar_n and_o some_o spanish_a real_n the_o first_o they_o call_v jâ—simâ—i_n from_o the_o word_n joachim_n a_o name_n of_o a_o certain_a saint_n who_o image_n be_v former_o stamp_v upon_o one_o side_n of_o these_o rixdollar_n and_o who_o have_v communicate_v his_o name_n to_o a_o certain_a city_n in_o bohemia_n call_v joachimstad_v where_o in_o the_o year_n 1519_o these_o rixdollar_n be_v first_o coin_v and_o be_v in_o germany_n to_o this_o day_n call_v joachim_n dollar_n the_o czar_n rare_o appear_v in_o public_a unless_o it_o be_v on_o festival_n or_o some_o other_o extraordinary_a occasion_n when_o he_o show_v himself_o in_o the_o utmost_a splendour_n none_o but_o his_o domestic_n and_o lord_n in_o office_n be_v admit_v to_o approach_v within_o the_o inward_a court_n the_o guard_n which_o be_v within_o the_o court_n be_v keep_v under_o so_o exact_a a_o discipline_n that_o they_o stand_v at_o their_o duty_n silent_a and_o as_o it_o be_v immovable_a he_o dine_v but_o seldom_o in_o public_a and_o whether_o at_o dinner_n or_o supper_n there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o noise_n make_v by_o the_o sound_a of_o trumpet_n or_o otherwise_o but_o a_o certain_a officer_n go_v to_o the_o cellar_n and_o kitchen-door_n where_o he_o call_v to_o the_o servant_n godusar_n kushinung_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o grand_a signior_n will_v be_v serve_v when_o immediate_o the_o meat_n be_v carry_v up_o the_o grand_a duke_n always_o dine_v alone_o but_o if_o he_o invite_v any_o of_o his_o lord_n they_o be_v place_v at_o another_o table_n at_o some_o distance_n from_o he_o and_o be_v serve_v with_o the_o same_o meat_n that_o have_v be_v present_v to_o the_o grand_a duke_n for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o grand_a duke_n have_v always_o fifty_o dish_n dress_v for_o his_o dinner_n which_o the_o gentleman_n that_o bring_v they_o up_o all_o at_o once_o hold_v so_o long_o in_o their_o hand_n till_o the_o carver_n have_v show_v they_o to_o the_o czar_n who_o after_o he_o have_v make_v choice_n of_o such_o of_o they_o as_o he_o like_v best_o send_v the_o rest_n to_o such_o person_n of_o quality_n as_o he_o have_v invite_v to_o dinner_n or_o if_o he_o dine_v alone_o he_o send_v those_o dish_n that_o have_v be_v untouched_a to_o some_o of_o his_o boyar_n to_o their_o house_n there_o be_v a_o house_n of_o pleasure_n at_o about_o three_o miles_n distance_n from_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n belong_v to_o the_o great_a duke_n where_o they_o go_v once_o a_o year_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o may._n it_o be_v call_v obrasauksky_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o transfiguration_n it_o be_v dedicate_v to_o the_o transfiguration_n in_o the_o mount_n here_o the_o czar_n in_o imitation_n of_o these_o word_n master_n it_o be_v good_a for_o we_o to_o be_v here_o let_v we_o make_v three_o tabernacle_n have_v very_o magnificent_a tent_n set_v up_o for_o he_o and_o his_o retinue_n where_o he_o spend_v some_o time_n very_o retire_o no_o body_n be_v admit_v to_o disturb_v the_o czar_n with_o any_o petition_n or_o other_o business_n nay_o round_o about_o these_o tent_n be_v not_o only_a rail_n but_o guard_n place_v to_o hinder_v the_o approach_n of_o the_o people_n who_o the_o czar_n do_v not_o allow_v to_o be_v eye-witness_n of_o his_o retirement_n it_o be_v a_o establish_a custom_n in_o muscovy_n marriage_n his_o marriage_n as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o that_o the_o czar_n never_o make_v alliance_n by_o way_n of_o marriage_n with_o foreign_a prince_n he_o always_o choose_v one_o of_o his_o own_o subject_n which_o be_v general_o do_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o secrecy_n and_o never_o
by_o the_o tartar_n carry_v it_o by_o storm_n and_o thereby_o become_v master_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o casan_n about_o two_o year_n after_o he_o march_v against_o the_o nagajan_n tartar_n border_v to_o the_o south_n upon_o those_o of_o casan_n and_o have_v in_o the_o year_n 1554_o on_o the_o first_o day_n of_o august_n take_v by_o assault_n astra_fw-la chan_n the_o capital_a of_o the_o province_n he_o also_o reduce_v that_o kingdom_n under_o his_o subjection_n by_o what_o accident_n he_o get_v into_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o vast_a country_n of_o siberia_n which_o have_v since_o prove_v one_o of_o the_o most_o profitable_a to_o the_o czar_n of_o muscovy_n by_o which_o they_o have_v open_v themselves_o a_o way_n into_o china_n as_o have_v be_v relate_v before_o in_o the_o description_n of_o that_o province_n in_o the_o year_n 1558._o he_o turn_v his_o victorious_a arm_n again_o livonia_n where_o have_v ravage_v the_o bishopric_n of_o derpt_a and_o virland_n he_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o city_n of_o narva_n and_o of_o toopator-derpt_a so_o that_o the_o livonian_o not_o be_v able_a alone_o to_o resist_v his_o power_n and_o be_v put_v into_o despair_n by_o the_o most_o horrid_a cruelty_n exercise_v upon_o they_o by_o the_o muscovite_n and_o especial_o against_o furstenbergh_n the_o master_n of_o their_o order_n they_o be_v force_v to_o submit_v themselves_o some_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o sweden_n the_o rest_n under_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1570_o he_o send_v a_o very_a numerous_a army_n under_o the_o command_n of_o maynus_fw-la duke_n of_o holstein_n to_o besiege_v the_o city_n of_o revel_n in_o livonia_n but_o the_o city_n be_v assist_v by_o the_o swede_n under_o who_o protection_n they_o be_v force_v he_o to_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o when_o he_o attack_v it_o a_o second_o time_n in_o the_o year_n 1577_o he_o meet_v with_o no_o better_a success_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1581._o the_o swedish_n general_n pontus_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr guard_n recover_v the_o city_n of_o narva_n from_o the_o muscovite_n he_o be_v at_o first_o also_o very_o successful_a against_o the_o pole_n till_o stephen_n battori_n prince_n of_o transylvania_n and_o elect_a king_n of_o poland_n not_o only_o recover_v all_o the_o place_n he_o have_v take_v from_o that_o crown_n before_o but_o also_o oblige_v he_o to_o make_v a_o peace_n in_o the_o year_n 1582_o by_o virtue_n of_o which_o he_o relinquish_v all_o his_o pretension_n to_o that_o part_n of_o livonia_n which_o have_v put_v itself_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1571_o the_o crim-tartar_n also_o make_v a_o great_a irruption_n into_o muscovy_n destroy_v all_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n and_o at_o last_o burn_v the_o city_n of_o musco_n as_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n be_v attend_v with_o victory_n abroad_o so_o at_o home_n he_o rule_v for_o some_o time_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o mildness_n and_o by_o the_o outward_a show_n of_o his_o piety_n make_v his_o subject_n conceive_v all_o the_o hope_n that_o can_v be_v of_o a_o prosperous_a reign_n for_o he_o will_v go_v frequent_o to_o church_n say_v the_o service_n himself_o sing_z and_o never_o fail_v to_o be_v present_a at_o any_o ecclesiastical_a ceremony_n nay_o sometime_o execute_v the_o function_n of_o monk_n and_o priest_n himself_o which_o without_o question_n be_v it_o that_o mislead_v paulus_n jovius_n into_o that_o mistake_n when_o he_o call_v he_o a_o good_a and_o devout_a christian_a for_o it_o will_v sufficient_o appear_v in_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o history_n that_o he_o abuse_v both_o god_n and_o man_n and_o that_o his_o pretend_a piety_n be_v only_o intend_v to_o gain_v the_o popular_a applause_n which_o he_o both_o effect_v and_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o and_o to_o cover_v his_o most_o horrid_a design_n against_o such_o of_o the_o nobility_n as_o he_o be_v afraid_a will_v not_o submit_v without_o reluctancy_n to_o the_o yoke_n he_o intend_v to_o put_v upon_o their_o neck_n he_o begin_v to_o give_v the_o first_o proof_n of_o his_o cruel_a disposition_n in_o the_o year_n 1560_o when_o have_v acquire_v a_o vast_a reputation_n both_o at_o home_n and_o abroad_o by_o the_o great_a success_n of_o his_o arm_n against_o the_o tartar_n livonian_o and_o pole_n he_o think_v this_o the_o most_o convenient_a time_n to_o put_v in_o execution_n his_o design_n of_o make_v himself_o the_o sole_a and_o absolute_a master_n of_o this_o vast_a empire_n his_o grandfather_n have_v lay_v the_o first_o foundation_n of_o this_o maxim_n which_o be_v follow_v by_o his_o son_n basili_n the_o father_n of_o john_n basilovitz_n to_o wit_n to_o suppress_v the_o ancient_a nobility_n by_o despoil_v they_o not_o only_o of_o their_o castle_n and_o strong_a hold_n but_o also_o of_o their_o estate_n but_o this_o tyrant_n look_v upon_o these_o mean_v as_o insufficient_a resolve_v by_o put_v to_o death_n all_o the_o great_a man_n in_o the_o kingdom_n who_o he_o find_v in_o the_o least_o contrary_a to_o his_o design_n to_o secure_v to_o himself_o the_o arbitrary_a disposal_n of_o this_o great_a empire_n he_o make_v the_o first_o beginning_n with_o one_o demetrius_n owezinovitz_n cruelty_n his_o cruelty_n a_o man_n of_o great_a part_n among_o the_o russian_n be_v therefore_o willing_a to_o be_v rid_v of_o he_o he_o invite_v he_o one_o evening_n to_o supper_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o seem_a friendship_n where_o they_o drink_v very_o merry_o so_o that_o demâ—trius_n begin_v to_o be_v overcome_v by_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o liquor_n which_o the_o tyrant_n perceive_v and_o believe_v this_o to_o be_v a_o fit_a opportunity_n to_o put_v his_o design_n in_o execution_n he_o drink_v to_o he_o a_o great_a bowl-full_a of_o strong_a hydromel_n which_o he_o oblige_v demetrius_n to_o pledge_v to_o his_o the_o great_a duke_n health_n but_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o he_o to_o drink_v above_o half_a of_o it_o the_o great_a duke_n angry_o tell_v he_o that_o since_o he_o be_v so_o unmannerly_a as_o to_o refuse_v to_o drink_v his_o health_n in_o his_o presence_n he_o may_v get_v down_o into_o his_o wine-cellar_n where_o he_o shall_v drink_v it_o at_o his_o own_o leisure_n demetrius_n be_v very_o willing_a to_o obey_v go_v without_o reluctancy_n down_o into_o the_o cellar_n where_o by_o the_o secret_a order_n of_o the_o tyrant_n he_o be_v suffocate_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n he_o cause_v to_o be_v either_o secret_o slay_v or_o suffocate_v several_a person_n of_o eminent_a quality_n without_o any_o body_n daring_n to_o inquire_v into_o their_o death_n till_o at_o last_o the_o patriarch_n and_o the_o other_o prelate_n in_o conjunction_n with_o some_o of_o the_o bold_a among_o the_o nobility_n have_v represent_v to_o he_o the_o enormity_n of_o his_o action_n he_o seem_v for_o some_o small_a time_n to_o have_v change_v his_o cruel_a sentiment_n into_o a_o more_o mild_a disposition_n the_o better_a to_o confirm_v they_o in_o this_o opinion_n he_o get_v it_o spread_v abroad_o that_o he_o intend_v to_o abdicate_v the_o empire_n and_o to_o retire_v into_o a_o monastery_n and_o soon_o after_o have_v call_v together_o the_o nobility_n he_o tell_v they_o that_o since_o he_o have_v two_o son_n who_o he_o intent_a to_o make_v his_o successor_n he_o will_v recommend_v they_o to_o their_o care_n that_o he_o do_v not_o question_v but_o they_o will_v not_o only_o pay_v they_o due_a allegiance_n but_o also_o assist_v they_o with_o their_o counsel_n and_o good_a advice_n that_o for_o his_o part_n he_o intend_v to_o build_v himself_o a_o monastery_n near_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n where_o he_o will_v be_v ready_a at_o hand_n to_o give_v his_o direction_n in_o matter_n of_o any_o moment_n have_v thus_o cajole_v they_o into_o a_o good_a opinion_n he_o cause_v a_o very_a large_a building_n to_o be_v erect_v surround_v with_o a_o strong_a wall_n which_o he_o endow_v with_o considerable_a revenue_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o such_o as_o be_v to_o abide_v with_o he_o there_o and_o to_o lead_v as_o he_o pretend_v a_o monastic_a life_n but_o in_o effect_n to_o serve_v as_o a_o encouragement_n to_o such_o as_o he_o intend_v to_o employ_v in_o the_o execution_n of_o his_o cruel_a design_n for_o after_o he_o have_v settle_v himself_o with_o his_o gang_n in_o this_o castle_n he_o use_v under_o pretence_n of_o preferment_n to_o send_v such_o of_o his_o noble_n as_o he_o intend_v to_o sacrifice_v to_o his_o ambition_n into_o some_o distant_a province_n or_o another_o as_o governor_n whither_o after_o some_o time_n he_o will_v command_v some_o of_o his_o soldier_n under_o such_o officer_n as_o be_v beforehand_o engage_v to_o execute_v his_o order_n to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o fact_n be_v to_o be_v perpetrate_v under_o pretence_n of_o change_v the_o garrison_n where_o
have_v soon_o conquer_a the_o great_a and_o lesser_n poland_n and_o mosovia_n with_o the_o city_n of_o cracovia_n march_v from_o thence_o into_o prussia_n where_o he_o be_v receive_v by_o most_o of_o the_o city_n except_o dantzick_n who_o stand_v firm_a to_o the_o interest_n of_o king_n casimir_n see_v his_o affair_n reduce_v to_o that_o extremity_n he_o flee_v himself_o into_o silesia_n for_o refuge_n and_o aid_n from_o the_o emperor_n so_o that_o not_o only_o the_o whole_a stand_a militia_n of_o poland_n but_o also_o that_o part_n of_o lithuania_n which_o be_v not_o as_o yet_o conquer_a by_o the_o muscovite_n submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o swedish_n protection_n czar_n alexis_n michaelovit_n not_o think_v it_o advisable_v to_o encounter_n the_o swede_n flush_v with_o their_o late_a success_n and_o strengthen_v by_o the_o whole_a force_n of_o poland_n judge_v it_o more_o for_o his_o interest_n to_o make_v use_n of_o this_o opportunity_n whilst_o the_o swede_n be_v engage_v with_o the_o pole_n sweden_n his_o war_n with_o sweden_n to_o transfer_v his_o arm_n into_o livonia_n where_o he_o hope_v to_o make_v a_o considerable_a progress_n in_o the_o absence_n of_o their_o king_n charles_n gustavus_n before_o he_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o come_v to_o their_o relief_n pursuant_n to_o this_o resolution_n liuâ—nia_n enter_v liuâ—nia_n he_o enter_v livonia_n with_o a_o very_a puissant_a army_n and_o besiege_a torpat_v which_o after_o some_o resistance_n he_o take_v by_o composition_n have_v soon_o after_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o kokenhousen_n riga_n be_v force_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n of_o riga_n and_o some_o other_o place_n of_o note_n he_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o city_n of_o riga_n the_o capital_a of_o the_o province_n of_o lettie_n in_o livonia_n situate_v upon_o the_o river_n dune_n which_o exonerate_v itself_o into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n but_o the_o swedish_n garrison_n defend_v the_o place_n with_o so_o much_o gallantry_n that_o the_o muscovite_n notwithstanding_o their_o reiterated_a attack_n be_v force_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n with_o very_o great_a loss_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o pole_n have_v recollect_v themselves_o after_o their_o first_o consternation_n have_v defeat_v and_o disperse_v the_o swede_n that_o be_v quarter_v up_o and_o down_o the_o country_n have_v retake_v warsovia_n and_o the_o revolt_a lithuanian_n have_v surprise_v and_o kill_v all_o the_o swede_n that_o be_v in_o winter_n quarter_n with_o they_o and_o though_o charles_n gustavus_n the_o swedish_n king_n have_v be_v join_v before_o by_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburgh_n force_n do_v vanquish_v the_o pole_n in_o a_o memorable_a battle_n which_o last_v three_o day_n near_o warsovia_n yet_o be_v soon_o after_o oblige_v to_o march_v out_o of_o poland_n against_o the_o dane_n the_o pole_n retake_v cracovia_n and_o thorn_n from_o the_o swede_n and_o recover_v courland_n out_o of_o their_o hand_n at_o last_o both_o crown_n be_v tire_v with_o the_o war_n a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n be_v set_v on_o foot_n in_o the_o year_n 1666._o in_o the_o monastery_n of_o oliva_n near_o the_o city_n of_o dantzick_n in_o the_o royal_a prussia_n so_o that_o czar_n alexis_n michaelovit_n fear_v not_o without_o reason_n that_o after_o the_o peace_n be_v conclude_v betwixt_o both_o those_o potent_a kingdom_n they_o may_v turn_v their_o unite_a force_n against_o he_o propose_v to_o be_v include_v in_o the_o say_a treaty_n by_o virtue_n of_o which_o oliva_n peacemale_n at_o oliva_n both_o the_o muscovite_n and_o pole_n resign_v their_o pretension_n upon_o livonia_n to_o the_o swede_n but_o the_o first_o be_v confirm_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o smolensko_n severia_n and_o kiovia_n which_o be_v give_v they_o by_o the_o pole_n as_o a_o equivalent_a of_o what_o they_o lose_v in_o livonia_n in_o lieu_n of_o which_o the_o swede_n restore_v to_o the_o pole_n all_o the_o place_n they_o be_v possess_v of_o in_o the_o royal_a prussia_n and_o the_o late_a resign_v the_o whole_a sovereignty_n over_o the_o ducal_z prussia_n to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n this_o peace_n prove_v very_o advantageous_a to_o the_o muscovite_n who_o by_o the_o recovery_n of_o these_o frontier_n province_n secure_v themselves_o against_o the_o further_a attempt_n of_o a_o most_o potent_a neighbour_n the_o war_n he_o be_v engage_v in_o against_o the_o turk_n and_o crim_n tartar_n turk_n his_o war_n 〈◊〉_d â—he_n turk_n be_v occasion_v because_o some_o of_o the_o zaporogian_n cosacks_n have_v submit_v themselves_o under_o his_o protection_n as_o we_o mention_v before_o whereas_o some_o of_o they_o have_v seek_v for_o protection_n under_o the_o grand_a signior_n which_o occasion_v a_o war_n betwixt_o these_o two_o potent_a neighbour_n in_o which_o the_o muscovite_n get_v but_o little_a advantage_n for_o the_o crim_n tartar_n make_v a_o irruption_n into_o muscovy_n and_o carry_v away_o above_o 400000_o soul_n into_o perpetual_a captivity_n there_o have_v some_o year_n before_o also_o be_v sweep_v away_o by_o the_o plague_n betwixt_o seven_o and_o eight_o hundred_o thousand_o people_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o man_n have_v be_v lose_v in_o the_o war_n with_o the_o pole_n and_o swede_n so_o that_o betwixt_o the_o sword_n and_o plague_n it_o be_v compute_v that_o muscovy_n have_v in_o ten_o year_n time_n lose_v near_o a_o million_o and_o a_o half_a of_o people_n which_o so_o impoverish_v and_o depopulate_v the_o country_n that_o abundance_n of_o the_o best_a land_n lay_v untilled_a for_o want_v of_o hand_n and_o that_o in_o some_o of_o the_o southern_a part_n where_o the_o crim_n tartar_n have_v make_v their_o inroad_n there_o be_v scarce_o any_o thing_n to_o be_v see_v but_o woman_n and_o child_n since_o which_o time_n however_o the_o russian_a empire_n have_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n recover_v its_o pristine_a prosperity_n in_o the_o year_n 1669_o rebellion_n a_o new_a rebellion_n muscovy_n be_v involve_v in_o another_o rebellion_n raise_v by_o one_o stephen_n ratzin_n he_o be_v a_o dunensian_a cosack_n by_o birth_n and_o have_v observe_v a_o certain_a disposition_n in_o the_o nagaian_n tartar_n inhabit_v the_o kingdom_n of_o casan_n and_o astrachan_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o heavy_a oppression_n they_o groan_v under_o by_o the_o mismanagement_n and_o avarice_n of_o the_o muscovite_n governor_n in_o those_o part_n to_o shake_v off_o the_o russian_a yoke_n he_o gather_v a_o considerable_a party_n and_o be_v assist_v by_o a_o good_a number_n of_o his_o fellow_n cosack_v inhabit_v betwixt_o the_o don_a and_o the_o wolga_n he_o march_v at_o the_o head_n of_o they_o to_o besiege_v the_o city_n of_o astrachan_n which_o after_o some_o small_a resistance_n be_v surrender_v into_o his_o hand_n from_o thence_o he_o march_v towards_o casan_n threaten_v not_o only_o that_o city_n but_o also_o the_o southern_a muscovy_n with_o a_o most_o dreadful_a invasion_n his_o army_n increase_v prodigious_o by_o the_o vast_a number_n of_o tartar_n that_o fâ—ocked_v in_o to_o his_o assistance_n but_o instead_o of_o improve_n this_o opportunity_n to_o his_o advantage_n he_o give_v himself_o to_o idleness_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o debauchery_n whereby_o the_o muscovite_n have_v get_v leisure_n to_o draw_v together_o their_o force_n to_o stop_v the_o current_n of_o his_o victory_n they_o be_v so_o expeditious_a as_o to_o arrive_v near_o casan_n before_o ratzin_n can_v lay_v siege_n to_o the_o place_n and_o have_v thus_o cut_v off_o all_o communication_n with_o the_o country_n thereabouts_o from_o whence_o astrachan_n and_o the_o adjacent_a part_n be_v supply_v with_o corn_n the_o rebellious_a army_n be_v soon_o reduce_v to_o great_a strait_n for_o want_n of_o provision_n so_o that_o the_o tartar_n be_v apprehensive_a of_o their_o approach_a danger_n leave_v their_o leader_n for_o the_o most_o part_n notwithstanding_o which_v the_o cosack_n stand_v it_o out_o brave_o resolve_v to_o maintain_v their_o ground_n against_o the_o muscovite_n for_o which_o purpose_n they_o have_v entrench_v themselves_o under_o the_o wall_n of_o astrachan_n the_o muscovite_n see_v the_o desperate_a resolution_n of_o the_o cosack_n think_v it_o most_o advisable_a to_o reduce_v they_o if_o possible_a to_o obedience_n rather_o by_o fair_a mean_n and_o a_o promise_n of_o pardon_n for_o what_o be_v past_a than_o by_o force_n of_o arms._n this_o have_v the_o desire_a effect_n for_o ratzin_n find_v his_o cosack_n waver_v upon_o the_o persuasion_n of_o some_o of_o his_o friend_n in_o the_o czar_n court_n who_o give_v he_o great_a hope_n of_o his_o pardon_n surrender_v himself_o to_o the_o mercy_n of_o czar_n alexis_n michaelovit_n in_o the_o next_o follow_v year_n his_o party_n be_v thus_o deprive_v of_o their_o head_n ready_o embrace_v the_o czar_n offer_n but_o ratzin_n himself_o not_o long_o after_o find_v himself_o extreme_o mistake_v in_o his_o hope_n for_o he_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o great_a marketplace_n before_o the_o castle_n behead_v ratzin_n behead_v where_o he_o have_v
after_o give_v they_o such_o evident_a proof_n of_o his_o great_a ability_n in_o the_o art_n of_o government_n that_o they_o be_v satisfy_v their_o hope_n will_v not_o fall_v short_a of_o their_o expectation_n especial_o when_o the_o czaritza_n within_o a_o twelve_o month_n after_o bring_v forth_o as_o young_a prince_n who_o be_v now_o about_o eight_o year_n of_o age_n give_v all_o the_o imaginable_a hope_n of_o be_v one_o day_n the_o inheritor_n of_o his_o father_n virtue_n and_o dominion_n for_o after_o the_o removal_n of_o gallizin_n have_v take_v the_o reins_o of_o the_o government_n into_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o consequent_o supprese_v that_o faction_n which_o hitherto_o have_v in_o a_o measure_n oppose_v his_o greatness_n he_o begin_v to_o lay_v the_o foundation_n towards_o the_o accomplishment_n of_o these_o design_n which_o within_o these_o few_o year_n last_o pass_v have_v be_v the_o admiration_n of_o all_o europe_n and_o cause_v terror_n to_o his_o enemy_n the_o unfortunate_a war_n in_o which_o the_o turk_n be_v engage_v against_o the_o emperor_n pole_n and_o venetian_n have_v sufficient_o disenable_v they_o to_o send_v any_o considerable_a succour_n to_o the_o crim_n tartar_n tartar_n the_o war_n against_o the_o crim_n tartar_n the_o hereditary_a enemy_n of_o muscovy_n which_o have_v so_o often_o feel_v the_o direful_a effect_n of_o their_o barbarous_a cruelty_n the_o present_a juncture_n of_o time_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o the_o most_o favourable_a to_o reduce_v these_o troublesome_a neighbour_n under_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o russian_a empire_n for_o which_o purpose_n a_o considerable_a army_n have_v be_v bring_v into_o the_o field_n the_o siege_n of_o asaph_n be_v resolve_v on_o which_o city_n be_v seat_v at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n don_n or_o tanais_n where_o it_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o palus_n meotides_n or_o the_o sea_n of_o zabacçhe_n be_v the_o inlet_n into_o the_o lesser_a tartary_n and_o conquent_o facilitate_v the_o conquest_n of_o the_o crim_n tartar_n inhabit_v the_o taurica_n chersonesus_n the_o muscovite_n attack_v the_o city_n very_o vigorous_o but_o be_v destitute_a of_o ship_n and_o not_o sufficient_o provide_v with_o good_a cannoneer_n they_o can_v not_o hinder_v the_o turk_n from_o bring_v in_o at_o several_a time_n fresh_a supply_n of_o man_n ammunition_n and_o other_o necessary_n whereby_o they_o be_v oblige_v at_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o winter_n season_n to_o raise_v the_o siege_n for_o that_o time_n but_o the_o czar_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v discourage_v by_o this_o retreat_n that_o he_o resolve_v to_o repair_v this_o disgrace_n and_o to_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o place_n let_v it_o cost_v what_o it_o will_n for_o which_o purpose_n have_v order_v a_o considerable_a number_n of_o ship_n to_o be_v build_v and_o man_v to_o prevent_v their_o communication_n with_o the_o sea_n and_o obtain_v a_o good_a number_n of_o engineer_n bombardeer_n and_o cannoneer_n from_o the_o emperor_n venetian_n elector_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o some_o other_o christian_a prince_n he_o resolve_v to_o take_v the_o field_n in_o person_n in_o the_o ensue_a year_n so_o soon_o as_o the_o river_n shall_v become_v navigable_a and_o to_o open_v the_o campaign_n with_o the_o siege_n of_o asoph_n pursuant_n to_o this_o resolution_n have_v order_v a_o vast_a train_n of_o artillery_n asoph_n besiege_v asoph_n consist_v of_o 400_o piece_n of_o cannon_n and_o 150_o mortar_n to_o be_v get_v ready_a he_o march_v with_o a_o very_a numerous_a army_n command_v under_o he_o by_o his_o favourite_n the_o general_n and_o admiral_n le_fw-fr fort_n the_o chief_a of_o the_o embassy_n now_o in_o holland_n by_o mr._n gourdon_n a_o scotchman_n and_o afranou_n nichelovit_n a_o muscovite_n and_o lay_v close_a siege_n to_o the_o say_a city_n whilst_o his_o fleet_n guard_v the_o port_n and_o prevent_v any_o supply_n from_o come_v to_o their_o relief_n that_o way_n and_o the_o cosack_n general_n mazepa_n and_o paley_n advance_v in_o two_o distinct_a body_n towards_o the_o boristhenes_n to_o give_v a_o powerful_a diversion_n to_o the_o crim_n tartar_n on_o that_o side_n the_o tartar_n within_o defend_v themselves_o for_o some_o time_n with_o bravery_n enough_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a havoc_n make_v by_o the_o muscovite_n bomb_n under_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o foreign_a bombardier_n but_o find_v themselves_o disappoint_v in_o their_o hope_n of_o relief_n by_o sea_n the_o muscovite_n have_v defeat_v those_o that_o come_v to_o their_o assistance_n they_o beat_v a_o parley_n composition_n take_v asoph_n by_o composition_n and_o surrender_v themselves_o upon_o certain_a article_n to_o the_o czar_n after_o the_o take_n of_o asoph_n he_o advance_v to_o karikeumen_n which_o by_o the_o force_n of_o his_o bomb_n he_o soon_o oblige_v to_o surrender_v at_o discretion_n all_o the_o castle_n and_o place_n thereabouts_o undergo_v the_o same_o fate_n most_o of_o which_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v demolish_v unless_o it_o be_v taran_n where_o he_o leave_v a_o very_a good_a garrison_n the_o same_o summer_n the_o cosack_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o several_a strong_a fort_n on_o the_o boristhenes_n which_o may_v in_o time_n much_o facilite_n the_o take_n of_o precop_n scituate_n at_o the_o very_a entrance_n of_o the_o taurica_n chersonesus_n the_o czar_n after_o the_o conquest_n of_o a_o place_n so_o considerable_a for_o its_o situation_n be_v receive_v at_o his_o return_n by_o his_o subject_n inhabit_v the_o city_n of_o musco_n triumph_n enter_v moscow_n in_o triumph_n with_o all_o the_o demostration_n of_o joy_n and_o other_o honour_n due_a to_o a_o conqueror_n for_o at_o his_o entrance_n there_o be_v triumphal_a arch_n erect_v represent_v the_o conquest_n of_o asoph_n and_o other_o place_n take_v by_o he_o the_o summer_n before_o and_o as_o he_o go_v through_o the_o city_n to_o the_o castle_n he_o be_v precede_v by_o the_o general_n le_fw-fr fort_n in_o a_o litter_n and_o by_o general_n gourdon_n on_o horse_n back_o but_o what_o be_v most_o please_a to_o the_o people_n be_v the_o lead_v it_o triumph_n of_o a_o certain_a note_a deserter_n who_o be_v name_n be_v jacob._n he_o be_v take_v at_o the_o surrender_n of_o asoph_n be_v bring_v into_o muscovy_n and_o to_o complete_a the_o show_n be_v place_v upon_o a_o high_a wagon_n seat_v under_o a_o gibbet_n upon_o which_o he_o be_v hang_v the_o next_o day_n after_o this_o solemn_a entry_n his_o next_o care_n be_v to_o send_v a_o envoy_n to_o the-court_n of_o vienna_n not_o only_o to_o give_v a_o exact_a account_n of_o the_o success_n of_o his_o arm_n against_o the_o infidel_n but_o more_o particular_o to_o enter_v into_o a_o more_o strict_a alliance_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o confederate_n against_o the_o turk_n and_o have_v receive_v certain_a intelligence_n that_o the_o french_a ambassador_n in_o poland_n be_v labour_v for_o the_o advance_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n to_o the_o polish_v crown_n he_o give_v the_o polish_v nobility_n to_o understand_v by_o his_o minister_n resident_n in_o poland_n that_o in_o case_n they_o shall_v advance_v the_o prince_n of_o conti_n or_o any_o other_o frenchman_n to_o the_o throne_n they_o must_v expect_v to_o be_v treat_v as_o enemy_n he_o look_v upon_o the_o french_a nation_n join_v in_o alliance_n with_o the_o turk_n to_o stand_v in_o opposition_n to_o the_o general_n interest_n of_o christendom_n in_o the_o mean_a while_o the_o negotiation_n at_o vienna_n turk_n conclude_v a_o alliance_n with_o the_o confederate_n against_o the_o turk_n concern_v the_o alliance_n against_o the_o infidel_n go_v on_o with_o good_a success_n the_o main_a scruple_n to_o be_v remove_v be_v about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o continuance_n of_o this_o alliance_n and_o which_o the_o muscovite_n desire_v to_o be_v for_o seven_o year_n whereas_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o venetian_n insist_v to_o have_v it_o continue_v for_o no_o long_o than_o three_o year_n but_o the_o czar_n have_v send_v new_a instruction_n to_o his_o envoy_n with_o full_a power_n to_o conclude_v the_o say_a negotiation_n according_a to_o the_o proposal_n make_v by_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o confederate_n all_o thing_n be_v at_o last_o agree_v on_o to_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o all_o the_o party_n concern_v in_o the_o alliance_n and_o the_o treaty_n be_v sign_v and_o ratify_v at_o vienna_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o venetian_a resident_n contain_v beside_o several_a other_o these_o three_o follow_a article_n that_o the_o alliance_n shall_v last_v three_o year_n at_o least_o reserve_v to_o the_o party_n concern_v the_o power_n to_o renew_v it_o after_o that_o time_n be_v expire_v if_o they_o think_v fit_a that_o none_o of_o the_o party_n shall_v make_v peace_n without_o the_o knowledge_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o other_o and_o last_o that_o in_o case_n the_o enemy_n shall_v make_v any_o proposal_n of_o peace_n to_o any_o one_o of_o the_o
confederate_n the_o same_o shall_v be_v impart_v to_o all_o the_o rest_n after_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o alliance_n the_o emperor_n appoint_v a_o minister_n to_o reside_v with_o the_o czar_n and_o to_o attend_v he_o in_o the_o field_n to_o be_v a_o eye_n witness_n of_o what_o pass_v in_o the_o muscovite_n army_n and_o to_o give_v the_o emperor_n from_o time_n to_o time_n a_o account_n of_o their_o progress_n against_o the_o tartar_n the_o noise_n of_o this_o alliance_n and_o the_o great_a preparation_n make_v by_o the_o czar_n against_o the_o next_o ensue_a campaign_n strike_v such_o a_o terror_n to_o the_o tartar_n chan_n that_o he_o dispatch_v frequent_a messenger_n to_o constantinople_n to_o solicit_v prompt_a and_o powerful_a succour_n against_o the_o muscovite_n who_o be_v prepare_v to_o invade_v the_o crim_n tartary_n and_o by_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o city_n of_o precop_n to_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o taurica_n chersenesus_fw-la these_o remonstrance_n have_v such_o a_o influence_n over_o the_o ottoman_a port_n that_o they_o promise_v they_o considerable_a assistance_n and_o it_o be_v give_v out_o that_o the_o grand_a signior_n intend_v to_o go_v in_o person_n against_o the_o muscovite_n and_o though_o the_o last_o prove_v to_o be_v only_o a_o contrivance_n to_o amuse_v the_o enemy_n yet_o the_o turk_n be_v in_o the_o next_o campaign_n deprive_v of_o the_o succour_n they_o general_o use_v to_o receive_v from_o these_o tartar_n do_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n attribute_v their_o last_o defeat_n to_o the_o want_n of_o these_o auxiliary_n who_o by_o their_o number_n use_v to_o stand_v they_o in_o no_o small_a stead_n against_o the_o impeiral_n cavalry_n but_o whilst_o all_o europe_n wait_v in_o expectation_n to_o hear_v of_o the_o advance_v of_o his_o czarish_a majesty_n at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o very_a formidable_a army_n towards_o the_o crim_n tartar_n they_o be_v agreeable_o surprise_v with_o the_o news_n of_o a_o great_a and_o splendid_a muscovian_a ambassady_n arrive_v in_o prussia_n where_o the_o czar_n be_v in_o person_n but_o incognito_o this_o news_n which_o at_o first_o carry_v along_o with_o it_o but_o little_a probability_n be_v put_v beyond_o question_n after_o they_o have_v be_v receive_v with_o so_o much_o solemnity_n by_o his_o electoral_a highness_n of_o brandenburg_n at_o konigsbergh_n the_o capital_a of_o the_o ducal_z prussia_n the_o chief_a of_o the_o embassy_n be_v francis_n jacolovit_n le_z fort_n who_o we_o have_v mention_v before_o with_o who_o be_v join_v as_o colleague_n mexievit_n holowin_n damnos_n diat_a precophei_n konigsburgh_n the_o muscovite_n ambassador_n entrance_n in_o konigsburgh_n and_o bodanovit_n wornit_v zien_n be_v arrive_v early_o in_o the_o morning_n at_o laut_n about_o a_o mile_n distant_a from_o konigsbergh_n with_o a_o train_n of_o betwixt_o three_o and_o four_o hundred_o person_n the_o sieur_n danckelman_n prime_n minister_n of_o state_n and_o mr._n besser_n master_n of_o the_o ceremony_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o courtier_n and_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o country_n be_v send_v by_o his_o electoral_a highness_n to_o compliment_v they_o in_o his_o name_n and_o conduct_v they_o into_o the_o city_n where_o in_o the_o afternoon_n they_o make_v their_o public_a entrance_n in_o the_o follow_a manner_n forty_o of_o his_o electoral_a highness_n best_o lead_v horse_n with_o very_o rich_a saddle_n and_o other_o accoutrement_n lead_v the_o way_n these_o be_v follow_v by_o a_o single_a officer_n rich_o clad_v attend_v by_o the_o kettle_n drum_n of_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o body_n three_o troop_n of_o who_o follow_v immedite_o after_o all_o clad_v in_o red._n next_o to_o these_o come_v thirty_o coach_n draw_v with_o six_o horse_n each_o in_o which_o be_v the_o principal_a nobility_n of_o the_o ducal_z prussia_n then_o two_o of_o his_o electoral_a highness_n coach_n and_o one_o belong_v to_o the_o margrave_n albert._n after_o these_o be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o court_n page_n clad_v all_o in_o red_a lace_v all_o over_o very_o rich_o with_o gold_n lace_n ride_v two_o and_o two_o with_o a_o page_n of_o the_o ambassador_n betwixt_o they_o these_o be_v follow_v by_o forty_o more_o coach_n with_o six_o horse_n each_o wherein_o be_v the_o chief_a minister_n and_o officer_n of_o the_o elector_n household_n after_o who_o come_v the_o first_o kettle_n drum_z and_z trumpet_z belong_v to_o his_o electoral_a highness_n follow_v by_o the_o ambassador_n foot_v guard_n clad_v in_o green_n with_o silver_n battle_n axe_n upon_o their_o shoulder_n and_o after_o these_o the_o ambassador_n horse_n guard_n in_o the_o same_o livery_n but_o without_o battle_n axe_n then_o come_v the_o coach_n wherein_o be_v the_o four_o ambassador_n and_o last_o the_o whole_a train_n be_v close_v with_o twelve_o coach_n fill_v with_o muscovite_n and_o brandenburg_n gentleman_n the_o street_n through_o which_o their_o excellency_n pass_v to_o the_o kniphoff_n where_o most_o magnificent_a lodging_n be_v prepare_v for_o they_o be_v line_v with_o the_o burgher_n who_o be_v draw_v up_o in_o a_o double_a file_n they_o be_v receive_v at_o their_o lodging_n by_o the_o garrison_n of_o the_o city_n and_o salute_v with_o a_o treble_a discharge_n of_o all_o the_o cannon_n round_o the_o fortification_n and_o be_v thus_o conduct_v to_o their_o apartment_n the_o sieurs_fw-fr danckelman_n and_o besser_n take_v their_o leave_n of_o they_o be_v wait_v on_o by_o the_o ambassador_n to_o the_o stair_n of_o the_o house_n some_o day_n after_o audience_n have_v their_o audience_n be_v the_o 25._o of_o may_n they_o have_v their_o public_a audience_n of_o his_o electoral_a highness_n be_v again_o conduct_v by_o the_o abovementioned_a sieur_n danckelman_n and_o besser_n the_o master_n of_o the_o ceremony_n be_v follow_v by_o a_o train_n of_o thirty_o odd_a coach_n before_o the_o ambassador_n coach_n go_v thirty_o person_n carry_v the_o czars_n present_n to_o the_o elector_n consist_v in_o table_n ermine_n and_o other_o rich_a fur_n beside_o a_o good_a quantity_n of_o indian_a and_o persian_a silk_n stuff_n and_o tissue_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n value_v in_o all_o at_o 20000_o l._n sterling_n the_o ambassador_n themselves_o be_v most_o rich_o dress_v their_o habit_n be_v of_o cloth_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n cover_v with_o rich_a embroidery_n and_o abundance_n of_o pearl_n and_o precious_a stone_n they_o pass_v through_o the_o elector_n guard_n which_o be_v place_v on_o both_o side_n up_o to_o the_o great_a hall_n of_o the_o castle_n where_o the_o elector_n attend_v by_o the_o nobility_n and_o all_o the_o officer_n of_o his_o household_n be_v seat_v under_o a_o canopy_n of_o state_n the_o ambassador_n have_v make_v the_o usual_a reverence_n every_o one_o in_o his_o turn_n complemented_a his_o electoral_a highness_n and_o after_o have_v deliver_v the_o present_n they_o present_v a_o letter_n contain_v in_o substance_n that_o his_o czarish_a majesty_n have_v send_v these_o abovenamed_a person_n as_o his_o ambassador_n to_o his_o electoral_a highness_n to_o give_v he_o all_o the_o possible_a assurance_n of_o his_o desire_n to_o improve_v the_o affection_n and_o good_a correspondence_n which_o always_o have_v be_v between_o they_o and_o their_o illustrious_a ancestor_n that_o this_o embassy_n be_v intend_v to_o proceed_v from_o hence_o to_o several_a other_o court_n in_o christendom_n in_o order_n to_o concert_v measure_n and_o promote_v the_o common_a interest_n of_o the_o confederacy_n against_o the_o infidel_n his_o czarish_a majesty_n do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o question_n but_o that_o the_o elector_n will_v assist_v they_o in_o so_o glorious_a a_o work_n and_o forward_o they_o in_o their_o journey_n the_o letter_n conclude_v with_o the_o thanks_o from_o the_o great_a duke_n to_o his_o electoral_a highness_n for_o the_o engineer_n and_o bombardier_n which_o he_o have_v send_v sometime_o before_o and_o which_o by_o their_o extraordinary_a skill_n have_v be_v very_o instrumental_a in_o the_o siege_n of_o asoph_n and_o other_o place_n take_v by_o the_o muscovite_n in_o the_o crim_n tartary_n the_o elector_n answer_v that_o he_o acknowledge_v himself_o much_o oblige_v to_o the_o czar_n for_o his_o assurance_n of_o the_o continuance_n of_o his_o friendship_n and_o especial_o for_o the_o splendid_a embassy_n he_o have_v send_v to_o he_o but_o the_o sieur_n danckelman_n return_v they_o a_o answer_n more_o at_o large_a and_o in_o the_o elector_n name_v answer_v their_o compliment_n in_o term_n so_o oblige_v that_o the_o ambassador_n be_v extreme_o satisfy_v with_o his_o generous_a and_o genteel_a behaviour_n be_v afterward_o reconduct_v to_o their_o lodging_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n they_o be_v treat_v with_o a_o most_o splendid_a dinner_n by_o his_o electoral_a highness_n and_o be_v the_o same_o evening_n entertain_v with_o variety_n of_o extraordinary_a firework_n which_o last_v to_o their_o no_o small_a satisfaction_n till_o midnight_n whilst_o the_o czar_n of_o moscovy_n