accomake_n etc._n etc._n whereas_o there_o be_v a_o act_n of_o the_o last_o assembly_n provide_v for_o the_o secure_n of_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o two_o shilling_n per_fw-la hogshead_n due_a to_o the_o country_n but_o no_o provision_n make_v therein_o for_o the_o secure_v the_o payment_n of_o fort-duty_n of_o fotomake_n accomake_n and_o lyn-haven_n from_o whence_o they_o fetch_v their_o tobacco_n in_o sloope_n be_v it_o enact_v that_o the_o say_a act_n shall_v extend_v as_o well_o to_o cause_v the_o planter_n load_v it_o to_o reserve_v and_o make_v payment_n of_o three_o penny_n per_fw-la hogshead_n for_o fort-duty_n of_o the_o say_a tobacco_n as_o for_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o two_o shilling_n per_fw-la hogshead_n cxxxi_o ten_o shilling_n per_fw-la hogshead_n whereas_o the_o prudence_n of_o all_o nation_n have_v provide_v for_o the_o defray_v the_o public_a necessary_a charge_n of_o the_o country_n rather_o by_o lay_v a_o imposition_n upon_o the_o adventurer_n for_o the_o staple-commodity_n of_o the_o country_n by_o the_o exportation_n of_o which_o the_o great_a advantage_n accrue_v than_o by_o tax_v the_o person_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n this_o present_a grand_a assembly_n endeavour_v as_o much_o as_o in_o they_o lie_v to_o ease_v the_o burden_n of_o the_o people_n and_o take_v into_o consideration_n the_o great_a benefit_n that_o accrue_v to_o other_o country_n by_o the_o custom_n arise_v from_o our_o commodity_n tobacco_n and_o that_o virginia_n who_o partilar_a staple_n it_o be_v have_v from_o it_o nor_o from_o the_o adventurer_n hither_o no_o public_a advantage_n we_o have_v think_v it_o necessary_a and_o convenient_a and_o according_o have_v enact_v and_o confirm_v that_o all_o master_n merchant_n of_o ship_n and_o mariner_n trade_v to_o virginia_n and_o not_o bind_v by_o charter-party_n to_o return_v and_o discharge_v in_o any_o of_o the_o english_a dominion_n in_o europe_n shall_v pay_v for_o every_o hogshead_n of_o tobacco_n they_o shall_v load_v aboard_o any_o ship_n bark_n or_o other_o vessel_n arrive_v here_o after_o the_o first_o of_o august_n next_o and_o not_o bind_v as_o aforesaid_a ten_o shilling_n sterling_a either_o in_o money_n or_o good_a bill_n of_o exchange_n with_o good_a caution_n or_o in_o good_a valuable_a commodity_n at_o twenty_o five_o per_fw-la cent_n advance_v provide_v always_o that_o all_o adventurer_n inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n trade_v in_o bottom_n belong_v to_o virginia_n owner_n shall_v be_v free_a from_o the_o say_a imposition_n it_o tend_v to_o the_o advancement_n of_o trade_n here_o the_o encouragement_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o purchase_v vessel_n and_o of_o mariner_n to_o make_v this_o their_o place_n of_o residence_n cxxxii_o castle-duty_n to_o be_v pay_v whereas_o the_o castle-duty_n grant_v by_o his_o majesty_n to_o colonel_n francis_n morrison_n captain_n of_o the_o fort_n at_o point-comfort_n be_v render_v of_o no_o value_n by_o the_o charge_n of_o boat_n and_o hand_n go_v to_o collect_v they_o and_o the_o inconsiderableness_n of_o the_o commodity_n they_o be_v pay_v in_o be_v common_o the_o refuse_n of_o their_o cargoe_n be_v it_o therefore_o enact_v that_o all_o master_n of_o ship_n and_o other_o vessel_n be_v thereunto_o require_v by_o the_o officer_n appoint_v by_o the_o say_a colonel_n morison_n shall_v give_v in_o a_o true_a burden_n of_o their_o ship_n or_o vessel_n and_o the_o list_n of_o their_o passenger_n at_o such_o convenient_a place_n and_o to_o such_o person_n as_o the_o say_a colonel_n morrison_n shall_v in_o each_o river_n appoint_v upon_o oath_n to_o be_v administer_v by_o his_o say_a collector_n or_o officer_n if_o a_o commissioner_n or_o else_o by_o any_o one_o or_o two_o commissioner_n and_o if_o any_o master_n shall_v make_v false_a entry_n either_o of_o his_o burden_n or_o list_n of_o passenger_n than_o he_o shall_v upon_o proof_n thereof_o make_v pay_v treble_a duty_n for_o the_o number_n of_o passenger_n or_o quantity_n of_o tun_n conceal_v the_o same_o to_o be_v recover_v out_o of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o master_n so_o offend_v and_o the_o like_a penalty_n upon_o all_o such_o master_n as_o shall_v without_o come_v into_o harbour_n fetch_v away_o their_o load_n in_o sloop_n of_o bo_n and_o what_o master_n soever_o shall_v not_o pay_v his_o duty_n in_o kind_n be_v half_o a_o pound_n of_o powder_n and_o three_o pound_n of_o leaden_a shot_n per_fw-la tun_n and_o six_o penny_n per_fw-la poll_n for_o every_o person_n import_v not_o be_v a_o mariner_n that_o then_o he_o shall_v pay_v in_o lieu_n thereof_o one_o shilling_n per_fw-la tun_n and_o six_o penny_n per_fw-la poll_n either_o in_o money_n or_o good_n as_o they_o cost_v at_o the_o first_o penny_n and_o that_o the_o collector_n thereof_o transmit_v the_o say_a entry_n of_o ship_n and_o passenger_n under_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o say_a master_n to_o the_o say_a colonel_n morrison_n to_o be_v by_o he_o record_v in_o his_o fort-book_n as_o former_o have_v be_v accustom_v cxxxiii_o ship_n to_o come_v up_o to_o james-city_n whereas_o the_o king_n majesty_n frequent_a instruction_n have_v command_v that_o all_o master_n of_o ship_n arrive_v in_o this_o country_n shall_v before_o they_o break_v bulk_n bring_v up_o their_o ship_n to_o james-city_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o seat_v of_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o divers_a river_n can_v without_o much_o prejudice_n to_o the_o say_a master_n extend_v to_o all_o party_n of_o the_o country_n yet_o that_o his_o majesty_n command_n may_v as_o much_o as_o in_o we_o lie_v be_v effectual_o obey_v we_o the_o governor_n council_n and_o burgess_n of_o this_o grand_a assembly_n have_v think_v fit_a to_o enact_v and_o be_v it_o enact_v by_o the_o authority_n aforesaid_a that_o all_o ship_n whatsoever_o arrive_v in_o james-river_n do_v according_o with_o the_o first_o fair_a wind_n and_o weather_n after_o their_o arrival_n bring_v up_o their_o ship_n to_o james-city_n and_o there_o make_v entry_n of_o their_o ship_n take_v out_o licence_n to_o trade_n and_o perform_v such_o other_o thing_n as_o they_o shall_v be_v there_o certify_v the_o law_n of_o the_o country_n do_v enjoin_v they_o cxxxiv_o privilege_n of_o virginia-owner_n whereas_o some_o doubt_n have_v arisen_a about_o the_o privilege_n of_o virginia-owner_n and_o their_o exemption_n from_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o duty_n of_o two_o and_o ten_o shilling_n per_fw-la hogshead_n be_v it_o enact_v and_o declare_v that_o the_o say_a privilege_n be_v grant_v only_o to_o the_o owner_n and_o adventurer_n in_o such_o vessel_n as_o sole_o and_o whole_o belong_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n and_o not_o to_o such_o person_n as_o be_v only_a partner_n of_o vessel_n who_o othet_n partner_n dwell_v in_o other_o country_n and_o the_o governor_n be_v judge_n of_o such_o propriety_n and_o certify_v the_o same_o to_o the_o collector_n cxxxv_o a_o public_a notary_n appoint_v whereas_o for_o want_n of_o a_o public_a notary_n the_o certificate_n and_o other_o instrument_n to_o be_v send_v out_o of_o this_o country_n have_v not_o that_o credit_n give_v they_o in_o foreign_a part_n as_o due_o they_o ought_v be_v it_o therefore_o enact_v that_o henry_n randolph_n clerk_n of_o the_o assembly_n be_v authorize_v and_o swear_v a_o public_a notary_n for_o this_o country_n to_o who_o attestation_n at_o home_n and_o abroad_o we_o desire_v all_o credence_n may_v be_v give_v cxxxvi_o act_n concern_v the_o indian_n whereas_o the_o mutual_a discontent_n complaint_n jealousy_n and_o fear_n of_o english_a and_o indian_n proceed_v chief_o from_o the_o violent_a intrusion_n of_o divers_a english_a make_v into_o their_o land_n force_v the_o indian_n by_o way_n of_o revenge_n to_o kill_v the_o cattle_n and_o hog_n of_o the_o english_a and_o by_o that_o mean_n injury_n be_v do_v on_o both_o side_n report_n and_o rumour_n be_v spread_v of_o the_o hostile_a intention_n of_o each_o to_o other_o tend_v infinite_o to_o the_o disturbance_n of_o the_o peace_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v country_n and_o whereas_o the_o law_n prohibit_v the_o purchase_n of_o any_o indian_n land_n unless_o acknowledge_v at_o general_a court_n or_o assembly_n by_o reason_n it_o be_v as_o easy_a to_o affright_v they_o to_o a_o public_a as_o well_o as_o a_o private_a acknowledgement_n be_v make_v fruitless_a and_o ineffectual_a corrupt_a interpreter_n often_o add_v to_o this_o mischief_n by_o render_v they_o willing_a to_o surrender_v when_o indeed_o they_o intend_v to_o have_v receive_v a_o confirmation_n of_o their_o own_o right_n and_o a_o redress_n of_o their_o wrong_n which_o mischief_n have_v they_o continue_v must_v needs_o have_v involve_v the_o country_n into_o a_o inevitable_a and_o destructive_a warr._n for_o remedy_n of_o which_o inconvenience_n and_o that_o for_o the_o future_a a_o sure_a equitable_a peace_n may_v be_v establish_v the_o governor_n council_n and_o burgess_n out_o of_o their_o tender_a care_n of_o justice_n and_o the_o
all_o master_n of_o ship_n shall_v be_v oblige_v hereby_o to_o provide_v four_o month_n allowance_n of_o victual_n for_o passenger_n at_o their_o set_n forth_o from_o the_o down_n or_o other_o port_n of_o england_n and_o to_o give_v the_o passenger_n sufficient_a allowance_n of_o diet_n all_o the_o voyage_n and_o commander_n of_o ship_n respective_o to_o take_v care_n that_o poor_a servant_n do_v not_o want_v bed_v in_o the_o voyage_n in_o which_o particular_n aforesaid_a if_o any_o shall_v offend_v they_o shall_v be_v liable_a to_o grievous_a censure_n here_o according_a to_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o offence_n cxxvii_o concern_v pass_n be_v it_o also_o enact_v &_o confirm_v that_o no_o master_n of_o any_o ship_n vessel_n boat_n or_o bark_n shall_v transport_v any_o person_n or_o person_n out_o of_o this_o colony_n except_o the_o say_a person_n or_o person_n produce_v a_o pass_n under_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o secretary_n or_o such_o who_o he_o shall_v depute_v or_o appoint_v upon_o the_o penalty_n to_o pay_v all_o such_o debt_n as_o any_o such_o person_n shall_v stand_v in_o debt_a to_o any_o person_n within_o this_o colony_n at_o he_o or_o their_o departure_n and_o pay_v a_o thousand_o pound_n of_o tobacco_n to_o the_o secretary_n for_o his_o contempt_n and_o it_o be_v further_o enact_v that_o before_o any_o such_o pass_n shall_v be_v sign_v to_o any_o person_n he_o or_o they_o shall_v bring_v a_o certificate_n from_o the_o monthly_a court_n where_o he_o or_o they_o reside_v that_o he_o have_v set_v up_o his_o name_n upon_o a_o court-day_n ten_o day_n at_o least_o before_o his_o departure_n at_o the_o county-court_n where_o he_o reside_v or_o otherwise_o shall_v put_v in_o sufficient_a security_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o all_o debt_n that_o be_v due_a or_o owe_v from_o they_o to_o any_o person_n within_o the_o country_n or_o his_o name_n to_o be_v publish_v and_o set_v up_o at_o the_o church-door_n two_o sunday_n in_o each_o parish_n in_o the_o county_n where_o it_o be_v presume_v all_o person_n will_v be_v and_o the_o reader_n testimonial_a to_o the_o clerk_n shall_v be_v sufficient_a warrant_n for_o he_o to_o grant_v a_o certificate_n and_o the_o secretary_n and_o security_n after_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n to_o be_v discharge_v cxxviii_o imposition_n of_o two_o shilling_n per_fw-la hogshead_n this_o present_a grand_a assembly_n of_o virginia_n take_v into_o serious_a consideration_n the_o burdensome_a and_o unequal_a way_n of_o lay_v tax_n by_o the_o pole_n and_o how_o they_o may_v with_o most_o honour_n and_o ease_n support_v the_o government_n in_o well_o pay_v his_o majesty_n officer_n and_o as_o mean_n perhaps_o of_o introduce_v money_n and_o a_o encouragement_n to_o man_n to_o to_o produce_v other_o useful_a and_o beneficial_a commodity_n have_v think_v fit_a to_o impose_v two_o shilling_n per_fw-la hogshead_n upon_o every_o hogshead_n of_o tobacco_n that_o shall_v be_v ship_v on_o board_n of_o any_o ship_n or_o other_o vessel_n within_o virginia_n to_o be_v export_v and_o the_o collector_n of_o the_o say_a imposition_n to_o dispose_v of_o no_o part_n thereof_o but_o by_o order_n of_o the_o grand_a assembly_n only_o be_v it_o therefore_o ordain_v and_o enact_v by_o this_o present_a grand_a assembly_n and_o by_o the_o authority_n thereof_o and_o it_o be_v hereby_o enact_v that_o the_o master_n and_o master_n of_o all_o and_o every_o ship_n and_o vessel_n come_v to_o trade_n in_o virginia_n shall_v upon_o demand_v make_v by_o the_o collector_n or_o collector_n who_o shall_v by_o order_n of_o assembly_n be_v empower_v to_o receive_v the_o say_a imposition_n from_o every_o ship_n or_o vessel_n enter_v into_o security_n to_o pay_v such_o collector_n or_o collector_n two_o shilling_n for_o every_o hogshead_n of_o tobacco_n that_o shall_v upon_o any_o account_n whatsoever_o be_v ship_v on_o board_n his_o ship_n or_o vessel_n to_o be_v export_v the_o say_a payment_n either_o to_o be_v make_v in_o money_n bill_n of_o exchange_n or_o good_n at_o thirty_o per_fw-la cent_n advance_v upon_o the_o price_n of_o such_o good_n at_o the_o first_o penny_n and_o all_o fraughter_n to_o be_v accountable_a to_o the_o say_a master_n for_o the_o tobacco_n by_o they_o ship_v be_v it_o also_o ordain_v and_o enact_v by_o the_o authority_n aforesaid_a for_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o number_n of_o hogshead_n each_o ship_n or_o vessel_n contain_v that_o the_o master_n of_o such_o ship_n or_o vessel_n shall_v deliver_v his_o boat-swain_n book_n to_o the_o perusal_n of_o the_o collector_n and_o make_v oath_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o same_o so_o far_o as_o he_o know_v and_o that_o the_o mate_n boatswain_n or_o any_o other_o seaman_n be_v swear_v if_o the_o collector_n see_v cause_n to_o discover_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o say_v fraught_v and_o if_o any_o master_n of_o ship_n or_o vessel_n shall_v witting_o or_o willing_o conceal_v any_o part_n of_o his_o fraught_n from_o the_o collector_n and_o shall_v thereof_o be_v lawful_o convict_v than_o the_o say_a master_n shall_v forfeit_v for_o every_o such_o offence_n the_o sum_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n sterling_a one_o moiety_n thereof_o to_o go_v to_o the_o informer_n and_o the_o other_o to_o the_o public_a and_o be_v recover_v by_o action_n of_o debt_n bill_n or_o plaint_n in_o general-court_n or_o county-court_n by_o virtue_n of_o this_o act_n against_o which_o no_o essoyn_n wager_n of_o law_n or_o protection_n to_o be_v allow_v to_o any_o person_n so_o offend_v be_v it_o further_o enact_v and_o ordain_v that_o if_o any_o master_n shall_v pass_v bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o say_a imposition_n that_o then_o the_o collector_n be_v hereby_o require_v to_o take_v sufficient_a caution_n of_o the_o say_a master_n for_o the_o true_a and_o good_a payment_n of_o the_o same_o it_o be_v hereby_o also_o ordain_v and_o enact_v that_o the_o collector_n of_o the_o several_a river_n and_o place_n in_o virginia_n for_o the_o receive_n of_o the_o say_v two_o shilling_n per_fw-la hogshead_n be_v appoint_v and_o confirm_v by_o this_o present_a grand_a assembly_n and_o give_v sufficient_a security_n and_o caution_n for_o the_o due_a execution_n of_o the_o trust_n hereby_o repose_v in_o they_o and_o to_o be_v accountable_a to_o the_o next_o assembly_n according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o this_o act._n and_o the_o say_a collector_n to_o be_v allow_v ten_o per_fw-la cent_n salary_n for_o collect_v the_o say_a imposition_n provide_v always_o and_o it_o be_v hereby_o ordain_v and_o enact_v by_o the_o authority_n aforesaid_a that_o this_o present_a act_n of_o assembly_n be_v and_o remain_v in_o force_n cxxix_o every_o inhabitant_n in_o northumherland_n and_o westmerland-county_n to_o give_v a_o account_n how_o many_o hogshead_n of_o tobacco_n they_o make_v and_o to_o who_o sell_v whereas_o the_o imposition_n of_o two_o shilling_n per_fw-la hogshead_n can_v convenient_o be_v levy_v upon_o master_n of_o ship_n that_o come_v into_o potomake_n river_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o anchor_a in_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o lord_n baltemore_n whence_o they_o send_v their_o sloope_n and_o boat_n to_o fetch_v the_o tobacco_n make_v in_o this_o country_n without_o pay_v the_o say_a imposition_n be_v it_o therefore_o enact_v that_o every_o planter_n inhabit_v in_o the_o county_n of_o northumberland_n and_o westmoreland_n shall_v certify_v into_o the_o collector_n office_n or_o unto_o his_o deputy_n the_o number_n of_o hogshead_n of_o tobacco_n make_v by_o he_o and_o his_o family_n and_o to_o who_o they_o be_v sell_v and_o shall_v not_o suffer_v any_o of_o the_o say_a hogshead_n of_o tobacco_n to_o be_v carry_v out_o of_o his_o house_n until_o he_o receive_v certificate_n from_o the_o say_a collector_n that_o the_o imposition_n of_o the_o say_a tobacco_n be_v pay_v and_o if_o any_o planter_n shall_v contrary_v to_o this_o act_n suffer_v any_o of_o his_o tobacco_n to_o be_v carry_v aboard_o any_o ship_n boat_n or_o sloop_n without_o such_o certificate_n than_o the_o say_v planter_n to_o be_v fine_v twenty_o shilling_n for_o every_o hogshead_n so_o carry_v away_o without_o certificate_n as_o aforesaid_a whereas_o the_o like_a inconvenience_n be_v incident_a to_o northampton-county_n and_o low_a norfolk_n in_o recover_v the_o imposition_n of_o two_o and_o ten_o shilling_n per_fw-la hogshead_n as_o to_o the_o river_n of_o potomake_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o transportation_n of_o much_o of_o the_o tobacco_n make_v in_o those_o place_n in_o sloop_n to_o mary-land_n be_v it_o enact_v that_o the_o provinsional_a act_n make_v the_o last_o assembly_n for_o payment_n of_o those_o duty_n in_o potomake-river_n extend_v and_o be_v in_o force_n in_o the_o say_a county_n of_o lower-norfolk_n and_o northampton_n and_o that_o the_o collector_n appoint_v certain_a person_n to_o take_v account_n of_o the_o planter_n according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o this_o act._n cxxx_o payment_n of_o fort-duty_n in_o
the_o law_n of_o virginia_n now_o in_o force_n collect_v out_o of_o the_o assembly_n record_n and_o digest_v into_o one_o volume_n revise_v and_o confirm_v by_o the_o grand_a assembly_n hold_v at_o james-city_n by_o prorogation_n the_o 23_o of_o march_n 1661._o in_o the_o 13_o the_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n charles_n the_o ii_o london_n print_v by_o e._n cotes_n for_o a._n seile_n over_o against_o st._n dunstan_n church_n in_o fleetstreet_n m.dc.lxii_o for_o the_o honourable_a sr_n william_n berkeley_n most_o honour_a sir_n since_o you_o care_v impose_v on_o i_o and_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o assembly_n the_o charge_n to_o peruse_v our_o law_n and_o to_o reduce_v they_o into_o as_o good_a a_o form_n as_o our_o weak_a ability_n can_v perform_v i_o think_v myself_o oblige_v to_o render_v you_o a_o account_n of_o our_o performance_n which_o may_v perhaps_o have_v be_v better_o do_v have_v not_o the_o trouble_v of_o the_o indian_n and_o quaker_n and_o other_o emergent_a occasion_n of_o the_o public_a deprive_v i_o of_o much_o of_o that_o time_n i_o have_v devote_v to_o that_o most_o serious_a employment_n however_o sir_n as_o they_o be_v since_o the_o assembly_n have_v approve_v they_o and_o order_v they_o to_o be_v put_v in_o print_n i_o think_v it_o my_o duty_n to_o dedicate_v they_o to_o your_o patronage_n who_o of_o the_o most_o and_o best_a of_o they_o be_v the_o only_a author_n little_a addition_n there_o be_v to_o what_o yourself_o have_v do_v in_o the_o time_n of_o your_o government_n only_o what_o vicious_a excrescency_n have_v grow_v in_o the_o body_n of_o they_o by_o the_o corrupt_a humour_n of_o the_o time_n we_o have_v thorough_o purge_v they_o of_o that_o we_o may_v not_o any_o where_n leave_v unraze_v the_o memory_n of_o our_o enforce_v defection_n from_o his_o sacred_a majesty_n for_o who_o your_o prudent_a care_n so_o long_o preserve_v the_o country_n both_o from_o the_o ruin_n we_o be_v almost_o bring_v to_o by_o that_o desperate_a war_n with_o opechankevogh_n who_o conquest_n have_v not_o the_o cloudiness_n of_o those_o time_n obscure_v the_o glory_n of_o it_o can_v not_o have_v lose_v the_o esteem_n of_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o important_a service_n that_o perhaps_o have_v be_v render_v in_o many_o year_n before_o to_o the_o crown_n but_o sir_n you_o have_v not_o only_o do_v this_o but_o also_o retain_v we_o in_o a_o inviolated_a obedience_n to_o his_o majesty_n that_o we_o be_v the_o last_o of_o his_o subject_n that_o necessity_n enforce_v from_o our_o duty_n which_o be_v a_o act_n of_o approve_a loyalty_n as_o the_o other_o be_v of_o gallant_a bravery_n sir_n though_o the_o remoteness_n of_o this_o place_n have_v veil_v the_o glory_n of_o these_o and_o other_o your_o honourable_a action_n yet_o i_o and_o all_o that_o here_o with_o i_o be_v witness_n of_o they_o must_v and_o ever_o will_v acknowledge_v that_o to_o you_o next_o to_o his_o majesty_n goodness_n we_o owe_v both_o the_o law_n we_o govern_v by_o and_o the_o country_n itself_o now_o govern_v by_o those_o law_n which_o truth_n as_o a_o public_a person_n i_o must_v ever_o justify_v and_o as_o a_o particular_a one_o confess_v myself_o by_o it_o oblige_v to_o be_v most_o honour_a sir_n your_o most_o humble_a and_o faithful_a servant_n francis_n moryson_n the_o law_n of_o virginia_n at_o a_o grand_a assembly_n hold_v at_o james-city_n the_o 23_o d._n of_o march_n 1662._o preamble_n whereas_o the_o late_a unhappy_a distraction_n cause_v frequent_a change_n in_o the_o government_n of_o this_o country_n and_o those_o produce_v so_o many_o alteration_n in_o the_o law_n that_o the_o people_n know_v not_o well_o what_o to_o obey_v nor_o the_o judge_n what_o to_o punish_v by_o which_o mean_n injustice_n be_v hardly_o to_o be_v avoid_v and_o the_o just_a freedom_n of_o the_o people_n by_o the_o uncertainty_n and_o licentiousness_n of_o the_o law_n hardly_o to_o be_v preserve_v this_o assembly_n take_v the_o same_o into_o their_o serious_a consideration_n and_o grave_o weigh_v the_o obligation_n they_o be_v to_o discharge_v to_o god_n the_o king_n and_o the_o country_n have_v by_o settle_v the_o law_n diligent_o endeavour_v to_o prevent_v the_o like_a inconvenience_n by_o cause_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o law_n to_o be_v reviewed_n all_o unnecessary_a act_n and_o chief_o such_o as_o may_v keep_v in_o memory_n our_o force_a deviation_n from_o his_o majesty_n obedience_n to_o be_v repeal_v and_o expunge_v and_o those_o that_o be_v in_o force_n to_o be_v bring_v into_o one_o volume_n and_o lest_o any_o prejudice_n may_v arise_v by_o the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o time_n from_o whence_o those_o act_n be_v in_o force_n they_o have_v add_v the_o date_n of_o every_o act_n to_o the_o end_n that_o court_n may_v right_o administer_v justice_n and_o give_v sentence_n according_a to_o law_n for_o any_o thing_n happen_v at_o any_o time_n since_o any_o law_n be_v in_o force_n and_o have_v also_o endeavour_v in_o all_o thing_n as_o near_o as_o the_o capacity_n and_o constitution_n of_o this_o country_n will_v admit_v to_o adhere_v to_o those_o excellent_a and_o often_o refine_a law_n of_o england_n to_o which_o we_o profess_v and_o acknowledge_v all_o reverence_n and_o obedience_n and_o that_o the_o law_n make_v by_o we_o be_v intend_v by_o we_o but_o as_o brief_a memorial_n of_o that_o which_o the_o capacity_n of_o our_o court_n be_v utter_o unable_a to_o collect_v out_o of_o its_o vast_a volume_n though_o sometime_o perhaps_o for_o the_o difference_n of_o our_o and_o their_o condition_n vary_v in_o small_a thing_n but_o far_o from_o the_o presumption_n of_o contradict_v any_o thing_n therein_o contain_v and_o because_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o honour_v the_o king_n as_o we_o shall_v unless_o we_o serve_v and_o fear_v god_n as_o we_o ought_v and_o that_o they_o may_v show_v their_o equal_a care_n they_o have_v set_v down_o certain_a rule_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o church_n until_o god_n shall_v please_v to_o turn_v his_o majesty_n pious_a thought_n towards_o we_o and_o provide_v a_o better_a supply_n of_o minister_n among_o we_o be_v it_o therefore_o enact_v by_o the_o governor_n council_n and_o burgess_n of_o this_o grand_a assembly_n that_o all_o the_o follow_a law_n continue_a or_o make_v by_o this_o assembly_n shall_v be_v hereafter_o repute_v the_o law_n of_o this_o country_n by_o which_o all_o court_n of_o judicature_n be_v to_o proceed_v in_o give_v of_o sentence_n and_o to_o which_o all_o person_n be_v strict_o require_v to_o yield_v all_o due_a obedience_n and_o that_o all_o other_o act_n not_o in_o this_o collection_n mention_v be_v to_o all_o intent_n and_o purpose_n utter_o abrogate_a and_o repeal_v unless_o suit_n be_v commence_v for_o any_o thing_n do_v in_o the_o time_n when_o a_o law_n now_o repeal_v be_v in_o force_n in_o which_o case_n the_o produce_v that_o law_n shall_v excuse_v any_o person_n for_o do_v any_o thing_n according_a to_o the_o tenor_n thereof_o i._o church_n to_o be_v build_v or_o chapel_n of_o ease_n be_v it_o enact_v for_o the_o advancement_n of_o god_n glory_n and_o the_o more_o decent_a celebration_n of_o his_o divine_a ordinance_n tnere_v be_v a_o church_n decent_o build_v in_o each_o parish_n of_o the_o country_n unless_o any_o parish_n as_o now_o settle_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o fewness_n or_o poverty_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v incapable_a of_o sustein_v so_o great_a a_o charge_n in_o which_o case_n it_o be_v enact_v that_o such_o parish_n shall_v be_v join_v to_o the_o next_o great_a parish_n of_o the_o same_o county_n and_o that_o a_o chapel_n of_o ease_n be_v build_v in_o such_o place_n at_o the_o particular_a charge_n of_o that_o place_n ii_o vestry_n appoint_v that_o for_o the_o make_n and_o proportion_v the_o levy_n and_o assessment_n for_o building_n and_o repair_v the_o church_n and_o chapel_n provision_n for_o the_o poor_a maintenance_n of_o the_o minister_n and_o such_o other_o necessary_a use_n and_o for_o the_o more_o orderly_o manage_v all_o parochial_a affair_n be_v it_o enact_v that_o twelve_o of_o the_o most_o able_a man_n of_o each_o parish_n be_v by_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o say_a parish_n choose_v to_o be_v a_o vestry_n out_o of_o which_o number_n the_o minister_n and_o vestry_n to_o make_v choice_n of_o two_o churchwarden_n yearly_a as_o at_o so_o in_o case_n of_o the_o death_n of_o any_o vestry-man_n or_o his_o departure_n out_o of_o the_o parish_n that_o the_o say_a minister_n and_o vestry_n make_v choice_n of_o another_o to_o supply_v his_o room_n and_o be_v it_o further_o enact_v that_o none_o shall_v be_v admit_v to_o be_v of_o the_o vestry_n that_o do_v not_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n and_o supremacy_n to_o his_o majesty_n and_o subscribe_v to_o be_v
have_v purchase_v and_o hold_v their_o land_n by_o no_o other_o title_n than_o such_o sale_n which_o can_v be_v of_o no_o validity_n against_o the_o claim_n of_o the_o king_n who_o no_o time_n can_v prescribe_v and_o to_o who_o if_o a_o heir_n appear_v not_o the_o land_n must_v of_o necessity_n devolve_v and_o if_o the_o king_n shall_v at_o any_o time_n give_v express_a order_n to_o a_o escheater_n to_o make_v inquiry_n into_o the_o title_n we_o hold_v by_o the_o say_a escheater_n can_v by_o virtue_n of_o his_o office_n but_o find_v all_o such_o land_n for_o the_o king_n which_o we_o francis_n morison_n and_o thomas_n ludwell_n who_o be_v at_o present_a entrust_v by_o his_o majesty_n treasurer_n to_o make_v composition_n for_o all_o land_n so_o escheat_v to_o his_o majesty_n take_v into_o our_o serious_a consideration_n and_o out_o of_o our_o tender_a care_n of_o many_o poor_a man_n who_o by_o the_o loss_n of_o land_n thus_o perhaps_o dear_o purchase_v and_o honest_o pay_v for_o and_o out_o of_o our_o sense_n of_o the_o many_o inconvenience_n and_o great_a damage_n will_v fall_v upon_o they_o by_o be_v oust_v out_o of_o their_o possession_n by_o the_o severity_n of_o a_o too_o rigorous_a escheator_n and_o that_o on_o the_o other_o side_n we_o may_v not_o seem_v to_o debarr_v his_o majesty_n of_o his_o just_a right_n we_o have_v think_v it_o convenient_a to_o propose_v a_o certain_a rule_n for_o composition_n for_o all_o land_n hold_v by_o any_o pretend_v right_o two_o year_n by_o which_o while_o the_o power_n be_v in_o our_o hand_n we_o shall_v proceed_v and_o if_o the_o assembly_n think_v it_o a_o favour_n we_o shall_v join_v with_o they_o make_v it_o our_o request_n to_o major_a norwood_n his_o majesty_n treasurer_n to_o get_v his_o majesty_n to_o confine_v they_o that_o no_o succeed_a escheator_n may_v at_o his_o pleasure_n rigorous_o exceed_v these_o our_o moderate_a and_o reasonable_a demand_n 1._o we_o concede_fw-la that_o any_o person_n have_v be_v two_o year_n in_o possession_n of_o any_o land_n that_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v vest_v in_o his_o majesty_n by_o escheat_n shall_v pay_v for_o his_o composition_n but_o one_o hundred_o pound_n of_o tobacco_n for_o every_o fifty_o acre_n beside_o the_o fee_n for_o find_v the_o office_n and_o draw_v the_o conveyance_n 2._o that_o every_o person_n have_v be_v so_o in_o possession_n two_o year_n as_o aforesaid_a shall_v have_v eight_o month_n time_n to_o petition_v for_o and_o make_v their_o composition_n but_o if_o they_o defer_v it_o long_o and_o another_o sue_v for_o it_o and_o obtain_v it_o they_o can_v impute_v the_o blame_n to_o nothing_o but_o their_o own_o neglect_n 3._o that_o where_o there_o be_v a_o widow_n she_o shall_v enjoy_v the_o land_n of_o her_o husband_n during_o her_o life_n and_o be_v admit_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o make_v her_o composition_n for_o the_o fee-simple_n in_o case_n she_o signify_v her_o desire_n within_o the_o time_n aforesaid_a that_o all_o land_n escheat_v before_o the_o two_o year_n aforesaid_a the_o person_n concern_v shall_v pay_v for_o his_o composition_n as_o aforesaid_a but_o all_o land_n which_o shall_v hereafter_o lapse_v or_o which_o have_v lapse_v within_o the_o two_o year_n last_o pass_v the_o composition_n to_o be_v make_v for_o with_o those_o by_o his_o majesty_n treasurer_n appoint_v and_o authorize_v thereunto_o and_o that_o the_o widow_n be_v admit_v in_o the_o first_o place_n she_o make_v her_o claim_n within_o eight_o month_n according_a to_o the_o proposition_n abovesaid_a xix_o court_n whereas_o the_o name_n of_o quarter-court_n be_v altogether_o unsuitable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o court_n hold_v by_o the_o governor_n and_o council_n both_o in_o respect_n there_o be_v but_o three_o of_o those_o court_n in_o the_o year_n as_o also_o because_o they_o be_v not_o equal_o distribute_v in_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o year_n september_n and_o november_n be_v too_o near_o and_o march_v too_o long_o from_o they_o to_o admit_v of_o that_o title_n be_v it_o therefore_o enact_v that_o the_o say_a court_n be_v no_o long_o style_v quarter-court_n but_o that_o they_o be_v henceforth_o call_v general-court_n a_o name_n more_o suitable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o they_o as_o be_v place_n where_o all_o person_n and_o cause_n have_v general_o audience_n and_o receive_v determination_n whereas_o the_o act_n of_o assembly_n already_o make_v be_v very_o defective_a in_o prescribe_v the_o rule_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o proceed_n both_o in_o those_o general_n and_o the_o particular_a county-court_n for_o want_v whereof_o many_o error_n be_v commit_v the_o respect_n due_a to_o the_o court_n so_o near_o represent_v his_o majesty_n sacred_a person_n by_o the_o clamorous_a unmannerliness_n of_o the_o people_n lose_v and_o the_o order_n gravity_n and_o decorum_n which_o shall_v manifest_v the_o authority_n of_o a_o court_n in_o the_o court_n itself_o neglect_v and_o in_o regard_n the_o long_a omission_n of_o those_o huge_o material_a though_o in_o themselves_o little_a thing_n of_o form_n have_v cause_v all_o thing_n still_o to_o continue_v in_o the_o first_o disorder_n it_o have_v appear_v necessary_a to_o this_o present_a grand_a assembly_n to_o set_v down_o the_o rule_n and_o form_n themselves_o for_o the_o beginning_n continuance_n and_o proceed_n in_o the_o say_a court_n as_o follow_v and_o it_o be_v therefore_o enact_v that_o the_o general-court_n begin_v and_o continue_v as_o follow_v viz._n general_n court_v to_o begin_v and_o continue_v that_o march-court_n begin_v the_o twenty_o of_o march_n if_o it_o be_v not_o saturday_n or_o sunday_n and_o then_o the_o monday_n follow_v and_o hold_v eighteen_o day_n not_o account_v sunday_n in_o the_o number_n that_o september-court_n begin_v the_o twenty_o of_o september_n if_o it_o be_v not_o saturday_n or_o sunday_n and_o then_o to_o begin_v the_o monday_n follow_v and_o hold_v twelve_o day_n not_o account_v sunday_n in_o the_o number_n that_o november-court_n begin_v the_o twenty_o of_o november_n if_o it_o be_v not_o saturday_n or_o sunday_n and_o then_o to_o begin_v the_o monday_n after_o and_o hold_v twelve_o day_n not_o account_v sunday_n in_o the_o number_n that_o adjournment_n of_o the_o say_a court_n be_v always_o avoid_v and_o that_o they_o begin_v precise_o upon_o the_o day_n that_o all_o person_n know_v the_o day_n of_o the_o return_n of_o the_o writ_n may_v according_o give_v their_o attendance_n style_v how_o enter_v that_o the_o style_n of_o the_o court_n be_v enter_v thus_o at_o a_o general_n court_n hold_v at_o james-city_n the_o twenty_o of_o ______o by_o his_o majesty_n governor_n and_o council_n in_o the_o ______o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n charles_n the_o second_o by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n of_o great_a britain_n france_n and_o ireland_n king_n defender_n of_o the_o faith_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n god_n ______o present_n insert_v the_o name_n of_o the_o governor_n and_o council_n silence_n command_v then_o let_v the_o crier_n or_o under-sheriff_n make_v proclamation_n and_o say_v o_o yes_o o_o yes_o o_o yes_o silence_n be_v command_v in_o the_o court_n while_o his_o majesty_n governor_n and_o council_n be_v sit_v upon_o pain_n of_o imprisonment_n suitor_n to_o appear_v after_o silence_n command_v let_v the_o crier_n make_v proclamation_n say_v all_o manner_n of_o person_n that_o have_v any_o thing_n to_o do_v at_o this_o court_n draw_v near_o and_o give_v your_o attendance_n and_o if_o any_o one_o have_v any_o plaint_n to_o enter_v or_o suit_n to_o prosecute_v let_v they_o come_v forth_o and_o they_o shall_v be_v hear_v when_o silence_n be_v thus_o command_v and_o proclamation_n make_v upon_o call_v the_o docket_n the_o crier_n shall_v call_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n call_v the_o plaintiff_n a._n b._n come_v forth_o and_o prosecute_v thy_o action_n against_o c._n d._n or_o else_o thou_o will_v be_v nonsuite_fw-fr and_o the_o plaintiff_n put_v in_o his_o declaration_n the_o crier_n shall_v call_v for_o the_o defendant_n call_v for_o the_o defendant_n c._n d._n come_v forth_o and_o save_v thou_o and_o thy_o bail_n or_o else_o thou_o will_v forfeit_v thy_o recognizance_n for_o proceed_n in_o the_o say_a court_n warrant_v to_o be_v issue_v by_o the_o clerk_n xx._n action_n to_o be_v proportion_v be_v it_o enact_v that_o warrant_n be_v issue_v by_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o general_n court_v and_o the_o say_a clerk_n so_o proportion_v the_o number_n of_o his_o action_n that_o there_o be_v for_o each_o day_n twenty_o and_o that_o until_o there_o be_v twenty_o action_n enter_v for_o the_o first_o day_n no_o warrant_n issue_n for_o the_o second_o and_o then_o twenty_o for_o the_o second_o before_o any_o issue_n for_o the_o three_o and_o so_o proportionable_o twenty_o per_n day_n for_o so_o many_o day_n as_o there_o be_v
it_o bona_fw-la fide_fw-la into_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o creditor_n but_o such_o act_n shall_v be_v good_a and_o valid_a to_o all_o intent_n and_o purpose_n this_o act_n be_v make_v only_o to_o prevent_v fraud_n and_o deceit_n lxxiv_o quitrent_n how_v to_o be_v pay_v whereas_o his_o majesty_n have_v by_o his_o commissioner_n appoint_v a_o treasurer_n to_o receive_v the_o quitrent_n and_o other_o fee_n and_o profit_n due_a to_o his_o majesty_n and_o the_o payment_n of_o quitrent_n be_v due_a in_o money_n which_o we_o be_v destitute_a of_o coin_n can_v procure_v be_v it_o enact_v that_o those_o person_n that_o can_v procure_v money_n shall_v pay_v their_o say_a rent_n in_o tobacco_n at_o two_o penny_n per_fw-la pound_n to_o such_o collector_n or_o collector_n as_o by_o his_o majesty_n be_v treasurer_n shall_v be_v appoint_v and_o that_o the_o country_n pay_v the_o rent_n double_a the_o two_o next_o year_n shall_v be_v acquit_v from_o all_o arrear_n by_o assent_n of_o the_o honourable_a sir_n william_n berkeley_n who_o be_v authorize_v by_o the_o treasurer_n to_o make_v composition_n lxxv_o surveyor_n of_o land_n be_v it_o enact_v that_o surveyor_n of_o land_n shall_v demand_v no_o more_o than_o twenty_o pound_n of_o tobacco_n for_o measure_v one_o hundred_o acre_n of_o land_n if_o the_o parcel_n exceed_v five_o hundred_o acre_n but_o if_o under_o to_o be_v allow_v one_o hundred_o pound_n of_o tobacco_n and_o for_o the_o same_o shall_v deliver_v a_o exact_a plot_n of_o each_o parcel_n survey_v and_o measure_v and_o if_o any_o surveyor_n upon_o reasonable_a demand_n shall_v refuse_v to_o measure_v the_o dividend_n for_o any_o person_n whatsoever_o for_o the_o consideration_n and_o satisfaction_n aforesaid_a such_o surveyor_n shall_v be_v liable_a to_o the_o censure_n of_o the_o court_n in_o that_o county_n where_o he_o live_v and_o if_o any_o surveyor_n shall_v be_v desire_v to_o go_v further_o from_o his_o place_n of_o residence_n than_o he_o can_v return_v in_o one_o day_n such_o surveyor_n shall_v have_v the_o allowance_n of_o thirty_o pound_n of_o tobacco_n per_fw-la day_n for_o every_o day_n absence_n from_o his_o dwell_n and_o if_o his_o passage_n can_v be_v but_o by_o water_n than_o such_o person_n as_o shall_v employ_v he_o shall_v provide_v for_o his_o transport_n out_o and_o home_n provide_v no_o pay_n to_o be_v receive_v before_o the_o plot_n deliver_v lxxvi_o land_n to_o be_v plain_o mark_v and_o bound_v whereas_o many_o contentious_a suit_n do_v arise_v about_o title_n to_o land_n occasion_v much_o through_o the_o fraudulent_a and_o underhand-dealing_a of_o surveyor_n who_o frequent_o make_v sale_n of_o the_o survey_v by_o they_o make_v in_o the_o behalf_n of_o one_o person_n to_o another_o whereby_o oftentimes_o he_o that_o have_v the_o first_o and_o just_a right_n be_v unjust_o deprive_v of_o his_o due_n for_o prevention_n whereof_o for_o the_o future_a be_v it_o enact_v and_o ordain_v that_o no_o surveyor_n of_o land_n shall_v give_v a_o plot_n of_o any_o land_n survey_v by_o he_o unto_o any_o other_o person_n whatsoever_o until_o six_o month_n after_o such_o plot_n be_v draw_v according_a to_o its_o survey_n and_o that_o all_o land_n survey_v shall_v be_v at_o the_o survey_v thereof_o plain_o mark_v and_o bound_v for_o all_o person_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o that_o none_o may_v by_o the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o bound_n entrench_v upon_o another_o right_n and_o the_o person_n offend_v either_o in_o give_v out_o of_o survey_v contrary_a to_o this_o act_n or_o not_o sufficient_o mark_v his_o bound_n to_o forfeit_v five_o hundred_o pound_n of_o tobacco_n for_o every_o hundred_o acre_n the_o survey_n shall_v be_v give_v of_o to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o country_n lxxvii_o what_o fence_n shall_v be_v sufficient_a be_v it_o also_o enact_v and_o confirm_v by_o this_o present_a grand_a assembly_n that_o every_o planter_n shall_v make_v a_o sufficient_a fence_v about_o his_o clear_v ground_n at_o the_o least_o four_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a high_a which_o if_o he_o shall_v be_v deficient_a in_o what_o trespass_n or_o damage_n soever_o he_o shall_v receive_v or_o sustain_v by_o hog_n goat_n or_o cattle_n shall_v be_v his_o own_o loss_n and_o detriment_n and_o also_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v that_o any_o person_n shall_v hunt_v any_o of_o the_o say_a horse_n mare_n hog_n goat_n or_o cattle_n that_o shall_v so_o offend_v and_o do_v they_o harm_n he_o shall_v make_v satisfaction_n for_o any_o of_o they_o that_o shall_v be_v so_o hurt_v to_o the_o owner_n of_o they_o to_o be_v recover_v in_o any_o court_n of_o justice_n within_o the_o colony_n and_o it_o be_v further_o enact_v that_o where_o any_o horse_n mare_n cattle_n or_o hog_n shall_v endamage_v any_o person_n for_o want_n of_o such_o fence_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o the_o party_n damnify_v do_v wilful_o kill_v or_o otherwise_o hurt_v so_o as_o the_o cattle_n hog_n horse_n or_o mare_n do_v die_v of_o such_o hurt_n whether_o by_o dog_n set_v upon_o they_o or_o otherwise_o in_o such_o case_n the_o owner_n of_o the_o ground_n shall_v not_o only_o be_v liable_a to_o satisfy_v the_o value_n of_o such_o horse_n mare_n hog_n or_o cattle_n but_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o act_n be_v adjudge_v to_o satisfy_v double_a the_o value_n of_o such_o horse_n mare_n hog_n or_o cattle_n so_o kill_v to_o the_o owner_n of_o they_o and_o further_o be_v it_o enact_v that_o where_o the_o fence_n shall_v be_v adjudge_v sufficient_a viz._n four_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a high_a and_o close_o down_o to_o the_o bottom_n that_o in_o case_n any_o damage_n or_o trespass_n be_v then_o do_v or_o commit_v to_o any_o person_n have_v such_o fence_n by_o either_o horse_n mare_n goat_n or_o any_o other_o cattle_n whatsoever_o the_o owner_n of_o such_o horse_n mare_n etc._n etc._n shall_v be_v liable_a to_o make_v satisfaction_n for_o their_o trespass_n and_o damage_n to_o the_o person_n injure_v in_o case_n the_o fence_n be_v find_v by_o two_o honest_a man_n appoint_v by_o the_o next_o commissioner_n to_o be_v sufficient_a lxxviii_o bound_n of_o land_n to_o be_v every_o four_o year_n renew_v by_o the_o view_n of_o neighbourhood_n whereas_o many_o contentious_a suit_n be_v daily_o incite_v and_o stir_v up_o about_o the_o bound_n of_o land_n for_o which_o no_o remedy_n yet_o have_v be_v provide_v the_o 57_o d._n act_n prohibit_v re-surveyes_a not_o apply_v the_o expect_a remedy_n for_o if_o the_o survey_v be_v just_a yet_o surveyor_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n careless_a of_o see_v the_o tree_n mark_v or_o the_o owner_n never_o renew_v they_o in_o a_o short_a time_n the_o chap_n be_v grow_v up_o or_o the_o tree_n fall_v the_o bound_n become_v as_o uncertain_a as_o at_o first_o and_o upon_o a_o new_a survey_v the_o least_o variation_n of_o a_o compass_n alter_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o whole_a neighbourhood_n and_o deprive_v many_o person_n of_o house_n orchard_n and_o all_o to_o their_o infinite_a loss_n and_o trouble_n for_o prevention_n whereof_o be_v it_o enact_v that_o within_o twelve_o month_n after_o this_o act_n all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o every_o neck_n and_o tract_n of_o land_n adjoin_v shall_v go_v in_o procession_n and_o see_v the_o mark_v tree_n of_o every_o man_n land_n in_o those_o precinct_n to_o be_v renew_v and_o the_o same_o course_n to_o be_v take_v once_o in_o every_o four_o year_n by_o which_o mean_n the_o inconveniency_n of_o clandestine_v survey_v will_v be_v take_v away_o and_o the_o bound_n will_v be_v so_o general_o know_v and_o the_o mark_n so_o fresh_a that_o no_o alteration_n can_v be_v make_v afterward_o and_o be_v it_o further_o enact_v that_o the_o bound_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o present_a proprietor_n be_v once_o thus_o settle_v shall_v conclude_v the_o say_a proprietour_n and_o all_o other_o claim_v from_o or_o under_o any_o of_o they_o from_o any_o future_a alteration_n of_o their_o bound_n be_v there_o within_o the_o say_a bound_n more_o or_o less_o land_n than_o they_o pretend_v to_o and_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v any_o difference_n to_o be_v at_o present_a that_o can_v be_v by_o the_o neighbour_n themselves_o decide_v be_v it_o further_o enact_v that_o two_o honest_a and_o able_a surveyor_n shall_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o neighbourhood_n lay_v out_o the_o land_n in_o controversy_n and_o the_o bound_n lay_v out_o to_o be_v the_o certain_a bound_n and_o ever_o after_o to_o be_v renew_v and_o continue_v so_o but_o the_o person_n cause_v tho_o difference_n to_o pay_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o survey_n it_o tend_v much_o more_o to_o the_o preservation_n of_o friendship_n among_o neighbour_n to_o have_v a_o present_a and_o final_a decision_n of_o their_o difference_n while_o man_n yet_o live_v that_o be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o first_o survey_v and_o while_o land_n be_v yet_o at_o a_o low_a value_n
than_o it_o will_v be_v when_o time_n have_v raze_v out_o all_o knowledge_n to_o the_o bound_n and_o add_v a_o great_a value_n to_o the_o land_n be_v it_o enact_v further_o that_o each_o county-count_n shall_v appoint_v and_o order_v the_o vestry_n of_o each_o parish_n to_o divide_v the_o parish_n into_o so_o many_o precinct_n as_o they_o shall_v think_v necessary_a for_o the_o neighbour_n to_o join_v in_o and_o see_v each_o other_o mark_n renew_v and_o to_o appoint_v certain_a day_n between_o easter_n and_o whitsuntide_n to_o go_v the_o say_a procession_n and_o put_v this_o act_n into_o effectual_a execution_n and_o in_o case_n the_o court_n shall_v omit_v to_o make_v such_o order_n and_o to_o send_v the_o same_o to_o the_o several_a vestery_n of_o the_o parish_n in_o their_o county_n they_o shall_v be_v fine_v ten_o thousand_o pound_n of_o tobacco_n and_o the_o vestery_n fail_v to_o order_v the_o precinct_n and_o the_o person_n to_o go_v together_o shall_v be_v fine_v twelve_o hundred_o pound_n of_o tobacco_n and_o the_o person_n fail_v to_o go_v upon_o the_o day_n appoint_v or_o to_o renew_v his_o mark_n according_o shall_z for_o his_o neglect_n be_v fine_v three_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o pound_n of_o tobacco_n lxxix_o surveyor_n for_o highway_n whereas_o through_o the_o frequent_a alteration_n of_o the_o highway_n by_o fall_v of_o tree_n over_o they_o and_o many_o time_n take_v they_o into_o fence_v plantation_n to_o the_o great_a hindrance_n of_o traveller_n and_o trader_n be_v it_o therefore_o enact_v that_o the_o justice_n do_v yearly_a in_o october-court_n appoint_v surveyor_n of_o the_o highway_n who_o shall_v first_o lay_v out_o the_o most_o convenient_a way_n to_o the_o church_n to_o the_o court_n to_o james-town_n and_o from_o county_n to_o county_n and_o make_v the_o say_a way_n forty_o foot_n broad_a and_o make_v bridge_n where_o there_o be_v occasion_n and_o the_o way_n be_v thus_o lay_v out_o and_o bridge_n make_v they_o shall_v cause_v the_o say_a way_n to_o be_v keep_v clear_a from_o log_n and_o the_o bridge_n in_o good_a repair_n that_o all_o his_o majesty_n subject_n may_v have_v free_a and_o safe_a passage_n about_o their_o occasion_n and_o to_o effect_v the_o same_o the_o vestry_n of_o every_o parish_n be_v upon_o the_o desire_n of_o the_o surveyor_n hereby_o enjoin_v and_o empower_v to_o order_v the_o parishioner_n every_o one_o according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o tithable_n he_o have_v in_o his_o family_n to_o send_v man_n upon_o the_o day_n by_o the_o surveyor_n appoint_v to_o help_v they_o in_o clear_v the_o way_n and_o make_v or_o repair_v the_o bridge_n according_a to_o the_o intent_n and_o purpose_n of_o this_o act._n and_o if_o any_o court_n shall_v omit_v the_o appoint_v surveyor_n or_o they_o neglect_v the_o execute_n their_o office_n or_o the_o vestry_n to_o order_v the_o work_n or_o any_o person_n to_o send_v help_n according_a to_o the_o say_a vestry_n order_n the_o say_a court_n surveyor_z vestry_n or_o person_n shall_v be_v amerce_v five_o hundred_o pound_n of_o tobacco_n to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o county_n and_o if_o any_o person_n shall_v contrary_a to_o this_o act_n fall_v tree_n upon_o the_o highway_n and_o not_o clear_v the_o same_o or_o enclose_v any_o part_n of_o the_o say_a highway_n within_o any_o fence_n the_o grand-jury_n shall_v present_v the_o same_o as_o a_o common_a nuisance_n and_o the_o enclosure_n shall_v be_v throw_v open_a and_o the_o offender_n be_v fine_v one_o thousand_o pound_n of_o tobacco_n to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o county_n and_o if_o any_o county_n have_v creek_n or_o swamp_n limit_v the_o bound_n between_o the_o say_a county_n it_o be_v enact_v that_o both_o county_n bound_v upon_o such_o passage_n shall_v contribute_v to_o the_o make_v the_o bridge_n or_o make_v the_o way_n over_o it_o lxxx_o tobacco_n when_o to_o be_v demand_v whereas_o many_o creditor_n for_o several_a by-respect_n neglect_v the_o demand_v the_o tobacco_n due_a to_o they_o in_o due_a time_n by_o that_o mean_n enforce_v the_o debtor_n to_o the_o inconveniency_n of_o not_o dispose_v of_o his_o tobacco_n and_o yet_o not_o pay_v his_o debt_n to_o the_o great_a damage_n and_o prejudice_n of_o the_o say_a debtor_n be_v it_o therefore_o enact_v that_o every_o person_n or_o person_n not_o demand_v his_o or_o their_o debt_n between_o the_o ten_o of_o october_n and_o the_o last_o of_o january_n shall_v not_o sue_v or_o implead_v any_o person_n or_o person_n indebt_v to_o he_o or_o they_o for_o present_a payment_n but_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o any_o person_n owe_v tobacco_n to_o dispose_v of_o the_o same_o for_o his_o own_o use_n after_o the_o say_v last_o of_o january_n if_o it_o have_v not_o be_v demand_v according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o this_o act_n and_o no_o execution_n to_o issue_n for_o a_o tobacco-debt_n but_o against_o the_o person_n who_o shall_v have_v liberty_n to_o free_v himself_o by_o put_v in_o security_n to_o pay_v the_o debt_n the_o follow_a crop_n provide_v always_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o creditor_n to_o sue_v or_o implead_v his_o debtor_n for_o security_n for_o his_o debt_n against_o the_o next_o year_n any_o thing_n in_o this_o act_n to_o the_o contrary_a notwithstanding_o lxxxi_o judgement_n and_o specialty_n how_o long_o pleadable_a whereas_o the_o nature_n of_o our_o trade_n in_o virginia_n enforce_v we_o to_o engage_v by_o bill_n bond_n and_o other_o write_n for_o discharge_n of_o which_o in_o part_n or_o in_o whole_a the_o debtor_n be_v often_o constrain_v to_o accept_v of_o receipt_n the_o say_a bill_n bond_n judgement_n and_o other_o write_n remain_v still_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o say_a creditor_n and_o the_o receipt_n be_v oftentimes_o lose_v the_o debtor_n and_o especial_o the_o executor_n and_o administrator_n of_o a_o person_n decease_a not_o be_v able_a to_o prove_v payment_n those_o debt_n be_v frequent_o demand_v and_o unjust_o recover_v which_o before_o have_v be_v just_o pay_v and_o discharge_v for_o remedy_n whereof_o be_v it_o enact_v that_o no_o bill_n or_o bond_n be_v of_o force_n or_o recoverable_a five_o year_n after_o the_o date_n of_o the_o say_a bill_n or_o bond_n nor_o any_o bill_n or_o bond_n heretofore_o make_v five_o year_n after_o the_o date_n of_o this_o act._n as_o also_o that_o no_o judgement_n shall_v be_v of_o force_n seven_o year_n after_o the_o grant_v thereof_o or_o after_o the_o date_n of_o this_o act_n as_o aforesaid_a but_o if_o the_o debtor_n shall_v depart_v the_o country_n and_o leave_v no_o attorney_n to_o answer_v for_o he_o or_o any_o other_o way_n conceal_v or_o privy_o remove_v himself_o into_o any_o part_n of_o the_o country_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n render_v the_o renew_n of_o the_o bill_n impossible_a such_o time_n of_o his_o absence_n or_o concealment_n shall_v not_o be_v account_v any_o part_n of_o the_o five_o or_o seven_o year_n limit_v lxxxii_o attorney_n for_o business_n out_o of_o england_n whereas_o many_o person_n in_o this_o country_n entertain_v as_o attorney_n many_o troublesome_a business_n out_o of_o england_n and_o other_o place_n where_o just_o there_o be_v no_o occasion_n for_o such_o molestation_n and_o yet_o the_o party_n molest_v be_v leave_v destitute_a of_o relief_n by_o reason_n the_o say_a disturber_n have_v no_o estate_n in_o this_o country_n to_o satisfy_v damage_n they_o be_v condemn_v in_o be_v it_o therefore_o enact_v that_o no_o attorney_n by_o any_o power_n out_o of_o england_n or_o else_o where_o shall_v sue_v or_o implead_v any_o person_n of_o this_o colony_n without_o give_v first_o good_a security_n that_o he_o the_o say_a attorney_n shall_v pay_v all_o such_o cost_v and_o damage_n as_o the_o court_n shall_v award_v against_o he_o where_o the_o law_n shall_v find_v that_o he_o the_o say_a attorney_n have_v by_o that_o power_n unjust_o molest_v the_o defendant_n lxxxiii_o burgess_n whereas_o no_o provision_n have_v be_v make_v for_o the_o certain_a conveyance_n of_o public_a writ_n for_o the_o election_n of_o burgess_n whereby_o the_o deliver_v the_o say_a writ_n be_v retard_v the_o sheriff_n have_v no_o time_n to_o give_v notice_n to_o the_o people_n according_a to_o law_n nor_o make_v a_o timely_a return_n of_o the_o writ_n nor_o can_v the_o burgess_n appear_v at_o the_o day_n for_o remedy_n whereof_o be_v it_o enact_v by_o this_o present_a grand_a assembly_n that_o the_o secretary_n provide_v for_o the_o timely_a conveyance_n of_o the_o writ_n into_o every_o county_n to_o be_v deliver_v to_o the_o sheriff_n thereof_o and_o for_o his_o pain_n be_v pay_v one_o hogshead_n of_o tobacco_n weigh_v three_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o pound_n for_o every_o county_n and_o in_o case_n any_o neglect_n be_v prove_v against_o he_o that_o he_o be_v fine_v for_o such_o neglect_n at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o assembly_n always_o