of the Commonaltie meerly for his own ends and that by means of these troubles and commotions hee might get possession of the Dukedom of Mâ—dina Sidonia which as hath been already said hee pretended was his right This Election did not digest well in Padilla's stomach who till then had executed the office of Captain General and presumed it should bee confirmed upon him and for his sake neither the Commissioners of Toledo nor of Madrid would give their Votes for Don Pedro. Iohn de Padilla beeing informed of all these passages before that Don Pedro Giron came to take his staff pretending I know not what occasion rode poste to Toledo and his men seeing their Captain gone would staie no longer in the Armie but the next daie took the same waie after him Notwithstanding all this Don Pedro Giron accepted the Charge and came to Tordesillas with fourscore Lances of his own appointed a Randevous for his Armie wherein hee was much assisted by the industrie and diligence of the Bishop of Zamora who brought to the service of the Iunta near five hundred men with arms of the antient Guards of the Kingdom for the rest were gone to the Lord High Constable hee brought moreover seventie Lances of his own and almost a thousand Foot four hundred whereof were Priests of his own Bishoprick besides the people of Zamora whom hee had at his devotion for by favor of the Junta hee had driven the Earl of Alva out of Zamora and made himself Master thereof Every daie came fresh supplies from the other Cities both of Hors and Foot all well armed and with them som Gentlemen and Commanders From Salamanca came Don Pedro Maldonado with about a thousand Foot Other Cities appointed those who were their Commissioners in the Junta to bee their Captains As Leon chose Gonsalo de Guzman son to Ramiro NunÌ„ez and the Citie of Toro Don Hernando de Ulloa who were their Commissioners and so likewise did other places Thus those of the Junta grew from daie to daie more powerful beeing resolved to end the business by force of Arms. Their mouths were all filled with reproachful and threatning language especially the Common-people's who called the Grandees and Gentrie of the Countrie Traitors enemies of the Kingdom saying they had destroied taken away their estates which availed them nothing but who can restrein a multitude Amongst other impertinencies they said That the Queen should do well to marrie the Duke of Calabria Don Hernando de Aragon son to Frederick last K. of Naples who since the time of the Catholick King had been kept prisoner in Xativa in the Kingdom of Valencia I believ this was onely put upon those of the Junta and that they neither did nor thought any such thing But the truth is their passion was grown to such an height that they never so much as named the Emperor in their Proclamations though they had sworn Allegiance to him as their King but all passed in the names of the Queen and Kingdom Insomuch that the hatred and enmitie betwixt the two parties became implacable and both made all preparations possible for a war In short time those of the Junta had put their forces in a readiness and equipage to march unto the field as was determined SECT II. 'MOngst these occurrences arrived the Lord Admiral at Medina de Rioseco where hee was met and received by all the Noble-men and Gentle-men who were com thither to the Cardinal with their Souldiers all armed and drawn up in Battle-Array Hee expressed much gladness to see so many gallant men and persons of such eminent qualitie Yâ—t hee had no intention to wade through blood to the accomplishment of his desires but rather by fair means if possible to settle the disturbed State of the Kingdoms which to effect hee left no stone unturn'd and at last hee obtained that three or four of the Commissioners of the Iunta should give him a meeting at Torrelobaton where they consumed five or six daies in treating but all his reasons persuasions and fair promisses could bring them to no reason Before they would harken to any proposition of his they demanded that the Lord high Constable should renounce and leav off the exercise of Vice-Roy and Governor which hee had begun to execute And whilest the Lord Admiral was thus treating with them the Iunta commanded a Proclamation to bee made against the Lord high Constable and the Earl of Alva de Lista as is before mentioned and other Noble-men And Don Pedro Giron with the Bishop of Zamora had orders to draw their Armie into the field which was seaventeen thousand Foot besides good store of hors and much Artillerie which had been brought from Medina del Campo Whereupon the Lord Admiral despairing of any Peace protested against them and returned to Rioseco beeing resolved to accept the Government joyntly with the Cardinal and the Lord high Constable in regard those fair conditions of agreement which hee offred were slighted and rejected Don Pedro Giron Captain-General for the Iunta and the Bishop of Zamoraâ— with his Souldiers and band of Priests marched out the 2â—th daie of November 1520 and quartered their Armie that night in Villabraxima Tordehumos Villagarzia and other places about Rioseco with intent to starve or drive the Cavaliers thence And indeed if the Commoners had been men at that time they might have done it From their head-quarters at Villabraxima they wrote to the Citie of Valladolid giving them an account of their advance and that before they fell upon Rioseco they would send a King at Arms to require the Lord Admiral and those of the Town of Rioseco to cast out those thievs and destroyers of the Kingdom as they called the Cavaliers if not that they would use means to take them and hinder the Cardinal's Government it beeing a thing contrarie to the Laws and Rights of the Kingdom SECT III. AFter this the Armie of the Iunta by waie of justification sent their Heralds or King 's at Arms to the Lord Admiral with the other Noble-men and Gentlemen then beeing in Rioseco requiring them not onely to leav that place but to go out of the Countrie and desiring those of the said Town to confirm themselvs to those of the Commonaltie in favor of his Majestie but this message was so ill resented that the Heralds found but sorrie entertainment being apprehended and disarmed by order from the Earls of Venavente and of Alva de Lista which beeing known by the Iunta's forces they presently advanced towards Rioseco The Bishop of Zamora marched in the Van with five thousand men fully resolved to do all the mischief hee could to the Cavaliers Hee was no sooner com to Villabraxima but the two hundred lances which the Marquis of Astorga had placed there took their heels flying with such disorder and haste that some of them lost their Arms before they could reach Rioseco and left the Place cleer for the Bishop who entering said Let
no ground for this tumult it was presently appeased and the people were ashamed and sorrie for the irreverence and disrespect they had shewn the Emperor The Officers of Justice of Valladolid began to make diligent inquirie who had rung the Bell or who gave order for the ringing of it But the Portuguez could not bee found so others paied for him Som had their feet cut off Som were whipped Som banished and their goods confiscate Som others had their houses pluck't down There was whip't amongst others a Goldsmith a man of good account a Citizen of the Town becaus it was proved that hee had received som Letters from the said Portuguez som other Goldsmiths and som officers of the Town beeing also taken were very much afraid that they should bee brought to the like publick shame and punishment But the Emperor beeing informed of the good intention of that Citie towards him and that what they had don was not out of malice or anie premeditated design to do him anie injurie hee sent an Order for releasment of the prisoners and commanded that there should bee no more said of it The Dean having apprehended and clap't in prison three Priests of St Michael's Church the Judges of the Court in the Emperor's name required him to deliver them the said Priests in regard they were accused to have given their consents to the ringing of the Bell. They were accordingly delivered and carried upon three great Mules with Irons upon their legs through the chief streets of the Citie until they came to Fuen-Saldania's Fort which then stood for the King and was kept by the sons of Don Iohn de Vivero Viscount of Altamira becaus hee had unworthily made away his wife and there they remained manie daies until the Emperor was satisfied of the truth SECT XIV THe Emperor came to Tordesillas soundly wet and durtie and no bodie with him but Xeures the rest could not keep pace with him and having refreshed himself there one daie hee continued on his journie to Villalpando where hee had appointed the Commissioners of Toledo to attend him They beeing com thither before met with the Commissioners of Salamanca who were Don Pedro Maldonado who was afterwards beheaded and Antonio Fernandez Regidores of that Citie with them were their Messingers also viz. Iohn Alvarez Maldonado and Antonio Enriquez who were chiâ—fly sent to underfeel what instructions those of Toledo had in all particulars and had order to conform themselvs in all points to the Messengers of that Citie At Villalpando a Town belonging to the Lord High Constable did these Commissioners and others exspect his Majestie 's coming Upon Sundaie after they had been at Church they went to the Palace to the end the Emperor should give them audience while they were attending his Majestie 's pleasure in the Hall came to them Don Garzia de Padilla and MoÌ„ta Bishop of Palencia who wished them in the Emperor's name but they thought it was from Xeures to tell them the message they had from their Citie Don Pedro Lasso and Don Alonso answered That their Citie had commanded them to speak to his Majestie and though they importuned them never so much they would not declare unto them their business Thereupon the Bishop and Don Garzia returned into the King's Chamber but after a little time came out again and told these Commissioners that if they would not give them an account wherefore they were com before they kissed his Majestie 's hand they should not have audience The Commissioners seeing there was no remedie conâ—ented to impart the substance of their Message to them which done it was agreed that at two a clock in the afternoon if they returned to the Palace they should have audience They suspected that this diligence and earnestness of the Bishop's and Don Garzia'â— to know their business was becaus the Emperor at that time beeing very young and not much versed in State-affairs Xeures who was verie discreet and politick had put them on to urge it before they were admitted to the end hee might prepare the Emperor to give them an answer The Commissioners returned at the hour and delivered their message to the King but would not consent that anie others should bee present onely the Bishop and Don Garzia the substance of their discours was as â— have said They insisted chiefly that his Majestie ought not to go out of the Kingdom and conluded with this Article saying however if hee did resolv upon his departure that hee would command such order to bee left for the Government that the Cities of the Kingdom might have their share therein And likewise that hee would bee pleased to demand no Subsidies at all and other things reasonable enough as wee shâ—ll see hereafter Which indeed were so just that a Dore-keeper nam'd Duranges wep't to hear them considering the great reason the Castillians had to complain But it availed them little at that time for they were then discountenanced and not treated according as their's and their Ancestor's good service had deserved The Emperor told them onely that hee had heard them and would give order for their answer The same hee said to those of Salamanca who spake to him afterwards and in effect desired the same things as the Toledians had telling him moreover that they had order from their Citie to conform themselvs in everie thing with the Commissioners of Toledo To whom the Emperor sent word by the Bishop Mota and Don Garzia de Padilla That in regard his Council was at Venavente whither hee was to go within two daies they should not fail to meet him there to receiv their answer which they did accordingly The Emperor beeing arrived at Venavente Don Pedro Lasso and his Companion presented themselvs for their answer Whereupon the Emperor commanded his Council of Iustice and of State to assemble who having considered the circumstances and manner of those Commissioners jointly gave their opinion that they deserved rather to bee punished then to receiv anie good answer or satisfaction to their demands wherefore the Emperor sent for them into his chamber and with a severely frowning Countenance as Don Pedro Lasso afterwards declared told them that hee was not pleased with what they did and that if hee did not consider from what Parents they were descended hee would have them punished according to their deserts for medling with what they had undertaken and that they should go to the President of his Council who would tell them further what they were to do They began to excuse themselvs but the Emperor not willing to hear them retired himself Then Don Garzia de Padilla taking them aside gave them a notable schooling and reproved them sharply for what they had done telling them that their boldness in insisting so much to the hinderance of a journie which so deeply concerned not onely the honor and reputation of the Emperor but also the securitie and preservation of his Estate was beyond the thought
Gentrie opposed it saying it was a great dissâ—rvice to the King and contrarie to Justice Manie distastfull words passed amongst them but at last the Commons prevailed and turned all those Gentlemen out of Salamanca One stately hous that belonged to the Archbishop of Santjago's Steward they burned down to the ground Neither did those Gentlemen hold themselvs secure until they were got into Valladolid where they gave a full account of all these passages This was the beginning of the rising publickly in Salamanca After which they kept their Rounds and Guards in the Citie and sent Hors to the relief of Segovia but before they departed Salamanca with other Cities sent two men to the Cardinal and Council beseeching them to forbear from chastising Segovia for if they did not the Citie of Salamanca could not refrain from sending them succor Their chief Captain in this uproar was Don Pedro Maldonado Nephew to the Doctor Talavera who drove the rest of the Gentlemen that were not of his faction out of the Citie and made the Corregidor go away also leaving the administration of Justice more out of fear then otherwise which done the Citie ordered the Justice and did what you shall see hereafter SECT XVI THe Cardinal Governor seeing these troubles and disorders increas daily without anie hope of remedie notwithstanding all the endeavors and gentle means hee and those of the Council had used to procure it The President and the rest agreed to give his Majestie an exact account of all the Commotions and particular exigencies of the Kingdom of Castillia and in what danger they themselvs were by reason of the people's furie desiring his Majestie to take som speedie order for the rectifying of so great disorders SECT XVII THe Emperor had already received som intelligence of these troubles in Spain by means of Flemish Merchants and other particular letters But when those from the Cardinal and Council came to his hands at Lovain Hee was seized with unexpressible sadness The necessitie of his going to bee crowned in Germanie was very urgent and his returning into Spain seemed yet of more importance The Letter 's sad Contents brâ—d divers discontents and no less different opinions as the custom is amongst the Courtiers of the nearest relation about the Emperor The Flemings condemned the Spaniards for raising these tumults ond commotions in their King's absence The Spaniards retorted the blame upon the Flemings saying That their ill Government had been the occasion of the ruine and loss of Spain and that they had robbed it and indeed to saie the truth They were both in fault for the Flemings were as short of discretion and prudence to Govern as they abounded with a too insatiable Covetousness And the Spaniards although they had som reason to complain could not bee excused for rising up in Arms. Monsieur de Xeures grew much discontented and ashamed upon the report of this breaking out of Spain partly becaus hee knew what opinion went of him in the Court but chiefly becaus hee thought as justly hee might the Emperor would derive the fault upon him who whil'st hee was in Spain commanded with so absolute a power that it was commonly said The Emperor Don Carlos is King by right and Monsieur de Xeures in effect The Emperor beeing thus disquieted called a Council and desiring to have their advices hee propounded That they would consider what means was to bee vsed that Hee might go into Germanie and receiv that Crown which Hee so much desired and provide som remedie to settle the disturbances of Spain which was of no less importance to him for his Coronation could bee no longer suspended and the remedying of Spain ought not to bee differred Hee had of his Council in this occurrence Germanes Flemings Italians Aragoneses and Castillans and their opinions were as different as their Nations For the Germanes urged that it was repuisite his Majestie should continue his journie into Germanie The Italians said it was necessarie that hee should makeâ— a progress into Italie The Flemings were very importunate for him to staie in their Countrie The Aragoneses pleaded that Valencia was also risen up in Arms. And the Castillans used all means possible to persuade him to reâ—urn into Castillâ— The case beeing so general and nearly concerning so manie Kingdoms the Emperor did wisely to take the advice of manie But at last the resolution of the business was given by few as great Princes use to do in like occurrences The result of this Consultation was That the Emperor should continue his journie into Germanie and having received the Imperial Crown there to remain until hee had fully settled the affairs of that Countrie not being everie daie to return thither It was likewise resolved That his Majestie should send amiable and gracious Letters to all the Cities and Towns of Castilla requiring som of them to return unto themselvs and his service and expressing his thankfulness to others for their good intentions towards him That hee should desire and encharge the Nobles and Gentrie to favor and assist those of his Roial Council promising to all upon the faith of his Roial word that with all possible expedition hee would return into Castilla for the thought of the Emperor 's never returning into Spain bred in the Common people the boldness to commit such outrages and exorbitances Moreover it was determined That the Emperor should write unto the President and Council condoling their troubles and persecution commanding them withall that in one place or other six of them should alwaies bee about the Cardinal and hold Council To the end they might serv as a Refuge for the good people to appeal unto and bee a terror to the evil for if the Council omitted the doing of Justice the Roial Autoritie must needs fall And also That the Emperor should appoint two other Governors to bee joined in Commission with the Cardinal and those to bee men of noble extractions well experienced and advanced in years of generous dispositions powerful in estates but chiefly Natives of that Kingdom This advice seemed very sound and pertinent to the Emperor whereupon hee gave order it should bee put in execution accordingly and those whom they Voted to bee joined in Commission with the Cardinal were Don Fadrique Enriquez Lord High Admiral of Castilla and Don Inigo de Velasco Lord High Constable who were both antient Gentlemen of great generositie and gallantrie Which Election gave no small satisfaction to the Castillan partie for they had shewen themselvs in their commands not onely wise but valiant and were alwaies fortunate in their undertakings These Noblemen governed with such valour and prudence that the Emperor in his Letters to the Lord High Constable give 's him thanks for his services acknowledging that by his means hee was King of Castilla And indeed the Emperor said but what was true Besides all this his Majestie sent an especial Command That the subsidie which was granted him at the
and obscure extraction SECT XXXV FOwer hundred Lanciers of the choisest men of those that câ—me from the conquest of the Gelves mutined and would have gon awaie becaus they did not receiv the paie which was promised them from Valladolid and they demanded moreover paiement of their arreares ever since the death of the King Don Fernando which amounting to fortie Duckets a man at least made the summe of eight thousand Duckets The Citie not having monie to satisfie their demands yet loth to let them go becaus they were stout well disciplined souldiers and wel armed caused all their Gates to bee shut whilest they went to procurâ— them monie In the first place they searched the Cloister of the Benedictans where they found six thousand Duckets which som particular persons had deposited there thinking it more secure then in their own hands After which they went to other Religious houses Colledges in like manner Insomuch that at last with what they took up by waie of lone they got enough to give them satisfaction Thus was that Citie guiltie of their own torment and trouble by maintaining a fire-brand for tâ—ey deserved no other name in their own bowels But that which seemed most grievous to them was That they were daily so molested and affronted by that paultrie Garrison of Simancas Therefore they flatly told those of the Iunta that either they should go themselvs or give them their men for Valladolid was resolved to unroost those Harpyes At length Valladolid seeing themselvs reduced to so great want and povertie for they had no way to gain a peny all Trading and Commerce lost the roads were so unsecure that if they did but peep as it were out of their houses they were in danger of beeing kill'd taken â—risoners or at least plundered and that their War was not in earnest to the purpose neither had they any hopes of peace they wrote a Letter to the Cavaliers in these terms Valladolid's Letter to the Cavaliers Illustrious Sirs WEe received a Letter from you whereby any man of the least judgment or understanding may plainly see that your actions do absoluâ—ely contradict what you express in words And for a further manifestation that the peace which you publish is directly opposite to your actual proceedings you have introduced an abominable War in these Kingdoms under the notion of obedience to their Majesties battering and forcing the place where the Queen residâ—d seizing on and imprisoning â—er servants and the Commissioners of the Kingdom permitting her Court to bee ransack't the Churches to bee robb'd women violated the high-waies stopped the Iustice of the Kingdom which was the Chancerie to bee taken away and other horrid things which never were seen or heard of before whereby experience sheweth us that the offers of Peace which you have and do make us are onely forms and a policie to wearie out divide and procure the utter destruction of the Kingâ—om Beeing sore aggrieved at and for the disservices dammages and troubles which our Sovâ—reign Lord the King his Kingdoms have and do daily suffer and sâ—eing that with this dissembled Peace which you cunningly publish may bee brought to ruine and perdition wee are in the minde to persevere in that which wee have begun and maintein the name of faithful and loial subjects in discharging our duties to our Sovereigns and in executing what wee are obliged to perform to our selvs and our Countrie not forgetting what 's past wee suffer with chearfulness all these troubles and afflictions which are worthie of acknowledgment before God and his Majestie our Sovereign since they pass as obligations which wee owe them Wee hope hence â—orwards that all the oppressions and waies which you have used to divert and withdraw us from this holie purpose shall not weaken or dis hearten us but rather strengthen and encourage us the more to resist and fight against all those that havâ— been the causers and so detestable initiators of the miseries of these Kingdoms â—â—d we trust in God that â—e wil speedily shew som heavie judgment upon the â—â—â—â—ntors of such pervers actions that they may alone suffer the punishment of â—heir crimes not wee nor those of the holie Junta for whosoever will seriously and judiciously consider it shall see that there is no fear of blame where is faithfulness and truth neither doth passion dare to presume wherâ— the publick good is preferred before the particular nor ambition wherâ— men without consideration of either honor life or fortâ—nes expose themsâ—lvs to divers hard censures and obloquies But their actions rather â—mbolden and strengthen them to continue so just an undertaking the obteiâ—ing whereof will procure us the perpetual Peace which wee desire Yoâ— know Sirs that the producer of Peace is War if our forefathers had not fought and spilt their blood wee should never have enjoied that happâ—â— Peace which wee had during the time of the reign of King Don Fernando and Donia Isabella of glorious memorie That war is laudablâ— which tend's to the libertie of the King and Kingdom And abominable iâ— that Peace whose end is subjection oppression and slâ—verie Therefoâ—â— our purpose and intention is That our King may bee free enjoie his Kingdoms as our Sovereign Lord not subject nor over swaied by any evil favorites nor fals or cheating Counsels That his Revenues and Roial Patrimonie may not bee usurped or lavishly wasted but preserved or usefully expended for the good of his Kingdoms to the end hee may bee beloved obeied and faithfully served And out of this love obedience and respect wee wish desire and humbly beseech his Majestie to seek a remedie for his Roial Crown and his Kingdoms that under God hee onely may bee ouâ— Lord our King onely mightie onely rich his own and our onely helper anâ— redressor whom onely we may fear serv â—onor and obeie to whom onely wee may asscribe the glorie and render a due acknowledgment for our publick good and to whom onely wee may address our complaints and grievanâ—â—s which if you would but seriously weigh and consider you would not so condemn and oppose our holie proceedings nor the sacred end at which weâ— aim And since wee cannot accomplish our desire in a peaceable manner it is but reason wee should endeavor to obtein them by war in regard it is just and holie our end beeing to finde everlasting Peace So it cannot bee said that the Kingdom is caus of this War but those disturbers who hinder us from enjoying and procuring the universal good which wee seek after for which they must render a strict account to God and their Majesties besides all the dammages slaughters extortions and other grand mischiefs which will all lie upon their score The true peace is that 〈◊〉 and the other Grandees ceas from disturbing or hindering the universal 〈◊〉 which wee labor with all our force and might to procure For the effecting and settling of which Peace the Truce which your Lordships did
the vanitie of anie earthly Crowns Having received this repuls hee agreed with Lewis King of France that hee should make the match betwixt him and Madam Germana daughter to Gaston de Foix and to the said French King's sister which was concluded upon this condition That King Lewis in stead of her Dowrie should grant and pass over to Don Fernando the right which hee pretended to the kingdom of Naples and that if the Queen should die before him without issue hee should succeed and inherit the same title but if shee should survive Don Fernando that Lewis should repossess the said claim These Articles beeing confirmed they made a Peace betwixt France and Spain for a hundred and one years but it scarce continued so manie weeks and Don Iuan de Silva Earl of Cifuentes with the Vice-Chancellor of Aragon went into France to attend and conduct her Majestie into Castillia SECT IV. THe Castillians in mean time beeing very desirous to have their Natural Sovereign amongst them importuned by frequent messages and invitations Donnia Iuana and her husband to return and bring their Children with them into Spain Whereupon Don Philip having provided a Fleet for the purpose they departed Flanders leaving the Prince Don Carles under the care and tuition of the Emperor Maximiliano and Donnia Margarita widdow to the Duke of Savoye and at last though tossed with much storm and tempests by the waie they landed safe at the Groyne in Galicia Don Fernando hearing of their arrival went to meet them betwixt La Puebla de Sanabria and Asturianos This interview occasioned no small discontent betwixt these Princes for Kings will admit of no competitors or Companions no not of their own châ—ldren in matters of Government and Command Whereupon Don Fernando forsaken by all but onely the Duke of Alva and the Earl of Altamira with som few others took his waie to Villafafila and Tordesillas and King Philip with his Queen to Venauente attended by all the Nobles and flower of Castillia besides strangers to the number of above two thousand hors One caus of their discord was about the title and inscription of Commissions Patents and other dispatches Roial which at last was determined and agreed that all things should pass in the names of Don Fernando Don Philip and Donnia Iuana But this style was soon altered by the unexspected dâ—ath of Don Philip which hapned at Burges hee had but seven daies of sickness which was thought to bee a surfeit and past from this life to the eternal on fridaie the fifth of September annoâ—â—0â— â—â—0â— beeing aged but twentie eight years and having enjoied the Kingdom of Castillia a year and ten moneths lacking one daie hee commanded that his heart should bee carried to Bruxels his bodie to Granada and his bowels to remain there His death was much lamented by the Emperor his Father for besides that hee was his onely son hee was one of the handsomest men of his time therefore hee was called Philip the Fair and the nobleness of his minde was answerable to the feature of his bodie Donnia Iuana his Queen was so sensible of his loss that with the extremitie of sorrow and her incessant weeping shee became in a manner distracted An old woman in Galicia seeing him at his landing and beeing told who hee was said That hee should bee a longer time and travel more leagues in Castillia beeing dead then living which proved so for the Queen carried his bodie with her from place to place and would not suffer it to bee buried for manie years after Hee left two sons Don Carles and Don Fernando both Emperors and three daughters all mightie Queens Donnia Leonor first reigned in Portugal and afterwards was married to the King of France Donnia Catalina was wife to Don Iohn the Third King of Portugal Aunt and Mother-in-law to Philip the Second of Spain And Donnia Maria had for her husband Lewis King of Bohemia and Hungaria SECT V. IN mean time Don Fernando beeing married to the Queen Germana and distasted in Castillia retired himself into Aragon from thence beeing upon his â—ournie to Naples the Castilliâ—ns gave him notice of Don Philip's death and of the necesâ—itie that there was of his Roial presence but hee refused to return beeing incensed against som of them for their ingratitude to him By the death of Don Philip and the absence of King Fernando divers tumults and seditions arose in the kingdom the people refusing to obeie the Magistrates and Officers of Justice and the Nobles wanted not factions and partialities amongst them to trouble and disquiet the Countrie and almost everie Citie throughout the Kingdom was infected with the same contagion Som crying up Charls or Don Carles others Fernando no small number stood for Maximiliano but verie few made anie mention of Donnia Iuana who whether out of a sens of her own disabilitie or overcom with melancholie for her husbands deceas had retired her self at Tordesillas refusing to govern or trouble her head with State-affairs Whereupon with the consent of most part of the Peers and Nobles of the Realm the Cardinal Ximenez Don Bernardino de Velasso Lord high Constable and Don Pedro Manrique Duke of Naxara took upon them the administration of Government for the present they made Don Alonso Suarez Bishop of Iaen President of their Council assisted by Doctor Tello el Licenciado Polanco and other learned Lawyers They called a Parlament wherein they ordered to send to Don Fernando desiring him in the name of the Queen and the whole Kingdom to return and undertake the Government for his Daughter and Grandchilde Which hee beeing more readie to accept then they to offer did not refuse but returned answer that having setled the business which had called him to Naples hee would satisfie their desires And after som time leaving Don Iuan de Aragon Earl of Ribagorsa his Vice-Roy hee embarqued himself for Spain with his Queen Germana Don Gonsalo Fernandez de Cordova commonly called the gran Capitan and a great train of Spanish Gentlemen that attended him in his voiage Beeing arrived at Valentia the Queen Donnia Iuana went to meet him whom hee received with signs of much affection and fatherlie tenderness which shee answered with all the honor and due obedience that could bee exspected from an observant Daughter for although the excess of sorrow had weakned her intellectual faculties yet shee never lost her respect to her Father but paied him with all humilitie and filial dutie neither was shee ever heard to utter anie mis becoming words which is common to people tainted with her infirmitie The eighth of October the King and Queens came to Arcos where Donnia Iuana desiring to staie Don Fernando went with his Court to Burges leaving her a good number of Noblemen and Ladies besides guards suitable to the dignitie of her person Som years after Don Fernando left the troubles of this transitorie life to enjoie the quietness and bliss of the
his Mother Donnia Iuana was living who was right heir to the Crown and that hee first should swear to maintein and observ the fundamental Laws and Customs of the Kingdom especially that no Offices or places of Benefit or Trust either Ecclesiastical or Temporal should bee conferred upon anie that were not Natives of that Countrie But at last all beeing agreed both the Grandees and Commissioners of the kingdom took the Oath the Cerimonie was in this manner On Sundaie the 7th of Februarie 1518 the Prince accompanied by all the Embassadors and Nobles of his Dominions having heard Mass in St Paul's Church at Valladolid was seated in a chair before the Altar and Adriano Cardinal of Tortosa holding the Evangelists in his hands Don Garzia de Padilla read with a loud voice the contents of the Oath which don the Infante Don Fernando swore first upon the book then went to kiss the King's hand but the King refusing to give his hand embraced him and laid his cheek to his brother's After that the Infante took his Sister Donnia Leoner by the hand and led her to swear and afterwards to kiss his Majestie 's hand but the King arose and kissed her cheek then they passed on the King's right hand and Don Fernando stood close to his chair bare headed Immediately came the Infante of Granada with the Arch-Bishop of Santiago the Bishop of Granado and other Prelates to take the Oath after them followed the Grandees and Nobles there present to whom the Infante Don Fernando held the Book Don Garzia read the Oath to the Nobles and likewise to the Commissioners of the several Cities who having sworn went all to kiss his Majestie 's hand After all which the King swore upon the same holy Evangelists to keep and fulfil all and everie thing and Article which hee had promissed and agreed of with the Commissioners Moreover was added if at anie time it should pleas God to restore the Queen Donnia Iuana his mother to her perfect health and abilitie to rule her Kingdom that hee should desist from the Government and that onely shee should reign That in all Writings Letters Commissions or publick Acts whatsoëver during the said Donnia Iuana's life her name should bee set in the first place and then his And that hee should bee styled onely Prince of Spain This don Te Deum laudamus was sung with great solemnitie and varietie of musical Instruments The Commissioners of the Kingdom beeing all assembled in Valladolid made a very discreet speech to the King in answer to that which the Bishop of Badajos and Don Garzia de Padilla had propounded in his Majestie 's name intimating that amongst themselvs they should seriously consider and weigh those things which were important to the good preservation and increasing of those kingdoms The Commissioners desired with very valid and good reasons That his Majestie would put in execution the holie and Catholick Propositions which hee had expressed in favor of his kingdom and the Subjects thereof And that they might enjoie the fruit of his so virtuous and holie desires they came to put him in minde how by a decree and express order from Heaven hee was chosen and called to bee King whose office was to govern well and to govern well was to administer Iustice giving to everie one that which is his and they desired that his chief ends and intention might tend thereunto for although Kings do possess divers other qualities and things recommendable as their linage dignities power honor riches delights estimation c. none of all these make a King according to right but onely the administring of Iustice And for this onely and in the name thereof the holie Ghost hath said That kings do reign That Iustice and the ruling therewith do require that when the Subjects sleep their kings should watch And that it was his part so to do for in effect hee was as an hireling to his Subjects for that caus did they give him part of their fruits and estates and serv him with their persons if need requiring it bee his pleasure to call them That by a certain tacit contract the King is obliged to do Iustice to his people which is a thing of such excellencie and Dignitie that God hath made it one of his own attributes calling himself the Iust Iudg that God beeing so great a friend and lover of Iustice would likewise bee a friend to him that should bee careful in preserving and administring thereof That the charge of him that is to judg beeing of such high importance hee whom God hath called to manage a Scepter hath need of som assistant therefore it is necessarie that the King should have som inferior Ministers that may bear a part of that weightie burthen and incessant cares which accompanie the Roial dignitie the supream Power still remaining in his own hands That a good King ought to choos and seek out such men for his Ministers as Moses did when hee received a command from God to elect seventie and two men out of his people who might assist him in the Government and eas him of a part of the care and troubles wherewith hee was surcharâ—â—d those men were to bee wise of mature years fearing God enemies to Covetousness and all other passions which may blinde and pervert the understanding That although they doubted not to finde all these perfections in his highness yet they humbly desired him to ratifie the ensuing Articles 1. That the Queen Donnia Iuana his mother might have a Court and attendants suitable to the Dignitie of her person as beeing the Queen and Ladie proprietarie of those Kingdoms whereunto hee answered That hee thanked them and assured them that hee had nothing in greater recommendation then what concerned that particular as they should finde by effects 2. That hee would bee pleased to marrie with what convenient speed might bee it beeing very requisite for the good of the kingdom that hee should leav a prosperous issue to rule manie years over them the King replyed That hee would consider thereupon and do that which shall bee most conducing to his honor the benefit of his Kingdoms and the succession thereof 3. That the Infante Don Fernando might not go out of the kingdom until hee were married and had children the king made answer That hee was not more careful of anie thing in the world then of the advancement of his brother the Infante and that hee would order nothing to bee don concerning his person but what should bee for his advantage and the good of those kingdoms 4. That hee would bee pleased to speak Spanish for by practising hee would the sooner learn and better understand his Subjects and bee understood by them Hee answered That hee was well contented and would strive so to do and the rather becaus they desired it in the name of the Kingdoms so afterwards hee did speak Spanish with them and others 5. That hee would not alienate anie
thing from the Roial Crown and if anie should desire Iustice of him for their grievances that hee would give order to have it don them Hee answered That hee would do therein according to his Oath and would redress all those that came to complain 6. That whatsoêver the Catholick King and Don Philip his father had given away by waie of Dowrie or Legacie hee would command to bee fulfilled for the repose and discharging of their consciences Hee answered That hee would provided that it might bee don without prejudice to the Roial Patrimonie Sixtie seven more Articles they propounded which becaus they are more at large specified hereafter I shall forbear to trouble the Reader with them in this place His Majestie gave so gracious an answer to them all thanking the Comâ—issioners in a very courteous manner that they remained very well apayed and satisfied The Subsidie which they granted him in this first Parlament according to Fray Antonio de Guevara's relation was one hundred and fiftie millions of Marauediz Aâ—d Pero-Mexia saith it was six hundred thousand Duâ—kets tâ— bee raised the three first years The Parlament beeing ended there was celebrated a Iust or Turnamâ—nt Royal in the chief market place of Valladolid five and twentie against five and twentie Som Spaniards and som Flemish Noblemen who strove to out-view each other aswell in the ricâ—neâ—s of their habits and livâ—ries as in feats of arms Seven of them were killed and som hurt therefore it was commonly said That for a Combat in earnest the loss was not great but for a jest it was too much After this solemnitie which â—ontinued certain daies the King having visited his moâ—her Donnia Iuana and the Queen Germana leaving all things in good order in Castillia departed â—ith his Court for Aragon taking his sister Donnia Leonor and the Queen Germana with him Hee made the town of Aranda in his waie whither his brother the Infante Don Fernando was returned with small contentment becaus they made such haste to pack him out of Spain There the King remained som few daies during which time the Infante was dispatched for Flandâ—rs as was before determined for the Kiâ—g â—ot beeing yet arrived in Castillia som men of note about the Inâ—ante's person put thoughts into his head of succeeding his grandfather in the Crown and it was greatly to bee feaâ—ed that the Casâ—illians wâ—uld have declared for him to the prejudice of Don Carles hee beeing of their Countrie and his brother a Fleming besides his name Fernando was enough to gain him the affection and hearts of all Spain for his Grandfatâ—ers sake whose memorie was held in great honor and adoration amongst them But God disposed it otherwise for the good and quiet of those Kingdoms Don Fernando beeing fitted with attendants and all necessaries for his voiage the King continued his progress into Aragon hee was received in Saragosa with very great solemnitie and joie the 15 of Maie 1518. The Castillians expressed much discontent at the departure of the Infante Don Fernando and began to murmur every where they beeing of opinion that hee ought not to bee sent out of the Kingdom until his brother were married and had children They were likewise distasted and the Aragoneses also at the present Government for they could not endure that strangers should bear so great swaie in their Countrie that all businesses must pass through the hands of Xeures and his friends who had the name of beeing over-greedie and covetous the same brand was laied upon the rest of the Flemings that attended his Majestie But that was no wonder for all Prince's Favorites bee they never so just and well deserving are generally envied and abhorred by most people They said moreover that the King was wilful untractable disdainful and gave small testimonies of affection to the Spanish Nation with divers other such like discontented speeches which are mentioned more at large hereafter But to saie the truth the King was no waie to bee blamed for hee was so young that of necessitie hee must suffer himself to bee directed by those who had bred him up from his infancie Time made the Spaniards plainly see when hee came to riper years that hee loved respected and esteemed them above all other Nations which appeared by his placing them in offices of the greatest Honor and Trust not onely in Spain but in Italie Flanders and Germanie SECT VII THe King having been som daies at Saragosa the Parlament began which continued so long that hee was forc'd to remain there eight moneths there the grand Chancellor dyed not much lamented by the Spaniards who abhorred the verie memorie of him and hee cared more for his gold then for their favor or displeasure This Monsieur de Laxao left a very bad name behinde him in his place by his Majestie 's command succeeded Mercurino de Gatinara a man of singular wisdom and learning a friend to Iustice and Equitie and a great Iurisconsult The Grandees of the Kingdom of Aragon beeing assembled in the Arch-Bishop's Palace who was unckle to the King they desired him to let them understand his pleasure for they were very willing and desirous to serv him as they had don his Predecessors but conditionally that they might enjoie the antient Customs and Privileges of the Kingdom the King answered they should But considering the indisposition of the Queen his mother hee willed and required them to acknowlegd him their King as those of Castillia had don Whereunto the Iurados or Iurates in the name of the kingdom replied they would though it was against the Laws his mother beeing yet living So that his Highness would bee pleased to swear the Infante Don Fernando Prince of Spain the same daie as they should swear him King not that the Infante should remain Prince and heir to the Crown but onely until such time as hee should bee married and God should bless him with som hopeful issue to succeed him whereunto if his Highness would not consent they would swear him Executor and Administrator of the Queen his mother's estate and if hee would not condescend to this they told him in plain terms that they had no leav nor power to do otherwise and although they had they would not put it in execution for that would much prejudice and damnifie their exemptions The King was much displeased at their peremptoriness and answered them not one syllable the Grandees of Castillia beeing present grew out of patience at the Aragoneses sawciness and the Earl of Venavente told the King openly that if his Majestie would take his Counsel hee should make them com under the yoke that hee would venter his life and fortune to serv him in that design that his Majestie 's onely waie was to rais a powerful Armie and subdue that Kingdom by force of Arms and so hee might impose upon them what Laws hee pleased not such as they desired and fancied At which words
the Earl of Aranda answered the Earl of Venavente in such harsh and bitter tearms that all the Palace and the Grandees of the Court were com almost to daggers drawing So that the King had much to do to pacifie them commanding everie one of them to repair to their own houses and not to stir abroad upon pain of death But his Commands were not fully obeied that time for night beeing com divers of both parties met in the streets and manie of them were sore wounded and questionless the dispute had been more bloudie if the Arch-Bishop had not left his supper and com out with other Noblemen to part them The next daie the King made the Earls of Venavente and Aranda friends which don the Aragoneses were brought to reason and beeing willing to conform themselvs with the Castillians they took the same Oath and acknowleged the King to bee their King and Lord jointly with Donnia Iuana the Queen his mother as had been don in Castillia SECT VIII IN the beginning of the year 1519 the Parlament of Aragon beeing ended the King went to visite his Dominions of Barcelona and would have don the like in the Kingdom of Valencia if his occasions had permitted Beeing at Barcelona news was brought him that Maximilian the â—mperor his Grandfather died at Belsis the 12th of Januarie 1519 whereat hee was not a little troubled all the Court was forthwith put into mourning and his Obsequies celebrated with very great solemnitie according to the honor and greatness of his person who was one of the most virtuous and wel-deserving Emperors that ever had command in Germanie hee was of a most noble and generous disposition pious and valiant The ten first years of his age hee could make no use at all of his tongue insomuch that the Emperor Frederick his father thought hee would bee dumb or a fool But coming to mature years hee gave great evidences of very rich endowments of his soul. Hee died of a Flux in the sixtie third year of his age having governed the Empire twentie five years after his Father 's deceas Francis the First of France stood in competition with Don Carles for the succession to the Imperial Crown and left no waie unattempted to corrupt the Elâ—ctors and make them of his partie But the major part after manie long and serious debates thinking it more fit to continue that Dignitie to the Hous of Austria who were Natives of that Countrie then to transfer it upon a strange Prince made the election in favor of Don Carles King of Spain to the great contentment of all Princes and people of Germamie The Electors of the sacred Empire at that time were Alberto Archbishop of Maguncia or Mâ—ntz Hertnao Archbishop of Colonia Ricardo Archbishop of Trâ—ues Frederico Duke of Saxonia Lewis King of Bohemia and Hungaria Ioachim Marquis of Brandeburg Lewis Count Palatine of the Rhyne The Election beeing past in Franckfort and published all over Germanie the Electors sent Frederick Duke of Baviers into Spain to his Majestie in mean time they ordered all matters concerning the Empire and made Casimire of Brandeburg Captain General of the Imperial forces until the new Emperor should com to receiv his Crown Whilst these things passed in Germanie the King celebrated in Barcelona the feast of the Order of the golden Fleece there the Lord high Counstable of Castillia Don Innigo de Velasco Don Iadrique de Toledo Duke of Alva Don Alvaro de Zunniga Duke of Vejar Don Fadrique Enriquez Lord Admiral of Castilla Don Estavan Alvarez Cesorio Marquis of Astorga received the Order But the Earl of Venavente refused it saying that hee was a right Castillian and cared not for anie badges of foreign honor those of his own Countâ—ie beeing as good and in his opinion far better The Duke of Cordona in the Kingdom of Aâ—agon and the Prince of Bisâ—â—gnano a Neapolitâ—ne stood not upon those nice tearms but accepted the Order as a particular favor from his Majestie About the same time the Queen Germana finding more contentment in the Companie of a Husband then in the solitarie condition of a widow was married with great solemnitie to the Marquis of Brandeburg brother to the Elector who though of a very illustrious extraction was so incomparably inferior to the Majestie and greatness of her former husband Don Fernando that her judgment was much censured for her chois and the Courtiers thought so slightly of her that divers would not give her the style of Highness until his Majestie commanded it who assisted personally at the solemnitie thinking thereby to endeer thâ— Elector of Brandenburg the more to vote in his behalf At the beginning of Julie in the same year arrived at Barcelona Frederick Duke of Baviers brother to Lewis Duke of Baviers Elector and Count Palatine with the dispatches from the Electors and having delivered his embassage the Chancellor Mercurino de Gatinara answered that his Majestie did receiv very willingly the â—lection of the Empire which the seven Princes Electors had conferred upon him that hee would take that weightie and honorable care upon himself out of the great affection which hee bore his native Countrie and that hee would endeavor with all convenient speed to settle his affairs in Spain and make a voiage into Germanie Thus the Empire beeing setled upon Don Carles of Spain and the King of France deprived of all his hopes notwithstanding the vast summs of monie and presents wherewith hee thought to purchase the Elector's Votes his envie and choler grew beyond the bounds of moderation and hee resolved forthwith to act what mischief hee could and interess the power of all other Princes his Allies against the Emperor Elect. SECT IX WHilest the King or Emperor Elect was at Barcelona hee demanded the Catalanes to receiv and acknowledg him their King which they refused for a while neither would they consent that hee should call anie Parlamemt in their Countrie but at last they were perswaded to reason and swore Alleageance to him as Castillia and Aragon had don The Emperor upon notice of his Election and solicitation of the Princes of Germanie for his going hither had not the leisure to visit the Kingdom of Valencia as hee intended therefore hee desired that those of that Kingdom would swear and acknowledg him King without obliging him to bee personally present in regard it was imposslble for him to perform that journie at that time by reason of his new and unexspected occasions which called him another waie But they would not hearken to anie such motion and scornfully made answer that they were as good as Aragoneses or Catalanes and since hee had spent two years time in those Countries why could not hee staie two moneths at Valencia The Emperor beeing readie to depart from Barcelona sent Cardinal Adriano to Valencia to pacifie that Kingdom and gave Commission to the Infante Don Enrique and the Arch-Bishop of
Saragosa both his Unckles to call a Parlament in his name ordering that the monie which should bee granted him therein by waie of Subsedie should bee all distributed amongst the aggrieved and needie of the Kingdom Don Alonsa de Cordona Admiral of Aragon and the Duke of Gandia with several other persons of account gave their Votes to acknowledg and swear his Majestie their King But the rest told the Cardinal Adriano and wrote besides to the Emperor that they would lose their wives Children and Estates rather then the Liberties and Privileges of their Countrie whereat the Cardinal much displeased returned to Court leaving the Citie of Valencia in great distraction the out-rages and disorders whereof shall bee hereafter more at large related SECT X. IT was agreed and his Majestie toke Oath in the Parlament at Valladolid That no Offices should bee given to strangers nor the kingdom surcharged with new Impositions but should continue in the same manner as was ordered by the Catholick King at a Parlament which hee called in Burgos Yet there was nothing less observed or wors kept then these Articles for the treasure of the kingdom was publickly exhausted and Offices were daily given to the Flemings who sold them to those that would give most monie and likewise divers spiritual livings were so bestowed which the Castillians seeing and taking notice how small account was made of the Grandees and Nobles Natives of that Countrie they began to bee distasted and muttered out manie things in a discontented manner which ought not to bee rehearsed These murmurings began from the time of his Majestie 's departure from Valladolid to Aragon which was in March 1518. And beeing in Barcelona som troubles arose about Segovia and Avila by reason of certain persons that had farmed the Customs and Roial Revenues which enhaunced the charges of the Countrie whereat those Cities much aggrieved the contrarie having been promised by the Emperor Elect in Parlament They acquainted the Citie of Toledo with their grievances and desired that all the Cities of the kingdom should make a joint-complaint thereof to his Majestie and appoint their Commissioners to importune him for a redress desiring him to stand to the Ordinances of Parlament made in Valladolid and to grant what hee then refused moreover that hee would visit the whole Kingdom before his departure into Germanie Whereunto the Lord Chancellor in his Majestie 's name made answer That hee would very speedily send an Express to give the Citie of Toledo thanks for their expressions of fidelitie to him and satisfie them more fully But the Empire beeing without Head hee could not defer his going thither to receiv the Crown and settle the Government which don hee would make all convenient haste back again into that Kingdom of Castillia whose good hee tendered in a very particular manner The Commissioners beeing answered the Chapter of Toledo as beeing the Chief of the Kingdom presented their grievances to his Majestie concerning the Tenth which the Pope had granted to him through all the Churches of the Kingdom complaining that it was a new heavie and intolerable tax and not onely grievous to the Ecclesiasticks but prejudicial to all his kingdoms That in former times when the said Kingdoms were over-run by Moors and Infidels although there were manie and bloudie wars which continued until the blessed reigns of the Catholick King Don Fernando and Donnia Isabel of glorious memorie his Grâ—ndfather and Grandmother who conquered the Kingdom of Granada and extirpated the Moorish race which wars were very necessarie and of extraordinarie expence yet there were no Tenths raised nor demanded It beeing an unheard of thing and a request as unjust as insupportable much less reason had his Majestie to require anie such thing of the Clergie his case beeing far different and his wars nothing so important That hee should rather encourage the Clergie to praie for his good success then diminish anie thing from their subsistence Praiers beeing of more avail then anie Martial Discipline as appears by the holie Scriptures wherein it is read that the victorie is more certainly obteined by the praiers of devout Priests then by the force of Horsmen and Arms. But if his Majestie 's temporal Revenue was not sufficient to maintein a just war in such case hee might demand assistance of the Church-men as far forth as the present necessitie did require wherein they would willingly supplie his Majestie making Levies amongst themselvs and rather abate their own subsistence then suffer him to bee disfurnished which they should not bee able to do if his Majestie in the verie beginning would exact a Tenth from them Divers other reasons they alleged in their Petition to his Majestie whereunto there was no time to give answer SECT XI MEan time the Emperor Maxmilian beeing dead and Charls the Fift beeing long before hee went thither to to take possession the People of Austria having lost all fear and respect of autoritie fell into the greatest disorder and mutinie that had been within compass of the memorie of man turning out and discarding all antient Officers of Justice and constituting others of their own combination the like they did with Ecclesiastical benefices The Loial Partie which was the fewer in number durst not open their mouths fearing the furie of the seditious vulgar who had possessed themselvs of all the Arch-Duke's Revenues and were grown to such a height of arrogancie that they sent to the Emperor beeing at Barcelona to ratifie and confirm what they had don for the publick Weal and good Government as they termed it of that Countrie and to allow the new Officers of Iustice whom they had constituted But the Emperor returned them such an answer as made them understand that hee knew himself to bee Arch-Duke of Austria and not they These distractions and perturbations continued in that Countrie almost two years after which his Majestie returning into Germanie pacified all those dissentions and factious spirits setled the Government and received the Imperial Crown as shall bee expressed hereafter Finis Libri Primi THE SECOND BOOK SECT I. IN this and the following Books I am to relate the the Insurrections or rising of the People commonly called Communidades or Communalties which continued in Spain from the year 1519 to 1522. A Subject truly very sad and unpleasant and which I would willingly pass under silence becaus som Illustrious Families Noble Cities and principal Towns of the Kingdom were interessed therein which never had been disobedient to their Kings but alwaies esteemed for their loialtie Neither do I conceiv that they thought anie waie to disserv his Majestie but rather to releas him out of that oppression as I may term it in which his Favorites held him And it is manifest in that they so earnestly importuned and petitioned that their King would not go out of the Kingdom that they desired and delighted to see and enjoie his Roial presence which was no sign that they intended to
do him anie disservice It will appear more evidently in the Progress of this Historie and by the letters which passed between them whereof som I have set down in the same manner as they were written in the originals becaus the particularitie of the Historie doth require it in a matter of such weight and danger And since the Loialtie of Spain come's in question who have alwaies had their Princes in so high a reverence that they honored and respected their verie Statues and pictures as if they had been their Sovereign's whom they represented I will before I go anie further declare the ground and reasons upon which the Castillians founded their complaints and grievances as I have gathered them from those who were eie-witnesses and have penn'd all the several passages with much discretion respect fear of God and with a minde free from partialitie SECT II. THe familiaritie of Monsieur de Xeures with the King was so great that hee rather seemed to bee the King and the King his Son then to bee Xeures his Vassal and Creature as hee was There was no access nor speaking with the King but when Xeures pleased if anie thing succceded well Xeures assumed the glorie to himself giving out that hee had don it if ill hee alwaies laid the fault upon the King saying The King would have it so And indeed this was the first occasion that begat the innocent Prince the ill will of his People I have seen a memorial of these Passages which a Gentleman one of the King 's Domestick servants wrote and averreth to have been an eie-witness of them Hee report's that while the King was yet in his minoritie and unacquainted with State-affairs Xeures would suffer no bodie to speak with him unless hee were first informed of the business that so hee might put into the King's mouth what hee would have him to answer and if anie refused to impart their business to him they were so far from having audience that hee would not suffer them to enter into his Majestie 's presence Thus did hee deal with those that were sent from Toledo and divers other Cities Indeed at that time all the Castillians were very much discountenanced and not treated as their's and their Predecessor's services had deserved The Flemings perceived the mindes of the Spaniards disposed for all mischief much ambition and little friendship beeing amongst them for som devoted themselâ—s particularly to King Ferdinand the Catholick others to King Philip the Fair. These were kindes of Factions wherewith were possessed for som daies the mindes of manie People Mercurino Gatinara Lord high Chancellor was second in the Emperor's favor and as the Autoritie and familiaritie with Princes admit of no Competitor Xeures and this Chancellor could not endure each other they both presumed so much that each of them would command alone and ambitioned a Power above the other these made themselvs the Heads of those two Factions and added more poison to their malice and discontents Xeures favored those of Ferdinando and the Chancellor sided with those of Don Philip's Partie And all was ill as the Proverb saie's for the poor Pitcher for the distressed Countrie of Spain had all the sufferings Xeures was so corrupt and covetous that he sold all the King's Favors Offices Bishopricks Honors and whatsoëver hee conceived would yield him money The Chancellor did the like with all Iustice-ships and other Offices so that secluded Iustice was enforc'd to give up her Seat and Sword to the Tyrannie of over-ruling Avarice onely monie then bore the swaie no Right no Equitie was able to counterpoiz the weight of Gold all things and places as in the times of Catiline at Rome were then put to sale The Flemings were much encouraged with this fine gold and Ingots of pure Silver that came from the Indies and the simple Spaniards so blinde in giving it for their pretensions that it became as common as a Proverb for a Fleming to call a Spaniard My Indian And indeed it was not improper for the Indians never gave so much gold to the Spaniards as the Spaniards did to the Flemings this in time grew to such a pass that it was publickly sung along the streets Double Pistol it 's well for thee That from Xeures thou art free It is reported that a certain Pretendent or Petitioner who had presented Xeures with a very handsom Mule and hee beeing asked by another Gentleman where hee had gotten that curious beast answered That hee knew not who had given it him beeing within hearing and very much aggrieved to see himself so soon forgotten and the business hee had communicated to Xeures so neglected give 's forthwith order to have his Mule cried declaring all his marks and describing the furniture hee had bestowed on him which the same Gentleman hearing of went presently and told Xeures that according to the marks it must needs bee that this Mule had been stolen Thus the poor Petitioner recovered what hee had given him and lost not all as most men do in such occurrences for there is no memorie so weak as that of a covetous man in Power who digest's gold with more facililitie then Estriches do Iron SECT III. THere was no monie to bee got in the whole Kingdom but pieces of nine Marauediz which is three half-pence English for all better coins Xeures had transported What shall I saie Besides that which was ship't for Flanders from Barcelona beeing 750 Millions from the Groyne 950 Millions and from other parts 800 Millions so that it exceeded the number of twentie five hundred millions which was enough to make him equal to the most powerful and richest King But consider in what condition did poor Castillia remain after such a dreining Besides all this the Flemings held the â—paniards in so mean esteem that they insulted over them as if they had been their slaves or rather beasts they would break open their houses at their pleasures abuse their wives in their own presence carrie away their goods and no Justice to bee had against them It hapned that a Castillian having killed a Fleming at Valladolid took Sanctuare in St Marie Magdalen's Church Som Flemings violently breaking in upon him and stabbing him in divers places there made him a sad sacrifice to their revengeful furie which don they went cleer away unchastiled unquestioned That which bred the People's greatest dislike of their King was that they could not bee admitted into his Presence treat with him nor â—o much as know him For Xâ—uâ—es would suffer no bodie to speak with him if at anie time hee did give audience Xeures would still bee at his elbow and in regard hee did not throughly understand the Spanish Tongue hee seemed as if hee had not been spoken to This gave the rise of the People's general ill opinion of him They presently spake him a man of a weak apprehension and of an ill disposition they call'd him Dutchman and an Enemie to Spaniards They said
reviling words calling them disloial disobedient and other injurious names this beeing known amongst the Common People inflamed amain their furie Their boundless Rage suddenly broke into an Ocean of inconsiderate and bitter expressions The third daie that his Majestie was there It beeing divulged to and fro in the Citie that the Magistrates had consented to and subscribed the Emperor's demands The People cried out That ought not to bee suffred The Emperor beeing informed of all these passages was very much perplext and gave order presently to prepare for his departure It is râ—ported that hee said hee desired no more then that consentment and those subscriptions which som of the Magistrates had given in As for the rest who had refused hee should take his time to bee even with them So hee departed upon a sudden though the Towns-men thought hee would not have gon in regard Valladolid and divers other Cities of Castillia had sent to beseech him with much humilitie and earnestness that hee would bee pleased to forbear a while and not leav them so soon fearing the disasters which afterwards befel them The Emperor gave them a gracious answer thanking them for their good wishes but hee said it was expedient for him to depart without anie further delaie for the good and advancement of that Kingdom and hee promissed them that assoon as hee had received the Imperial Crown hee would com back again at the farthest within three years This did not satisfie the Gentrie of the Kingdom nor the Cities nor the Commons of Valladolid who grew excessively out of Temper SECT VIII BEfore wee pass anie farther it will not bee improper to set down what was don at Toledo in this Interim Wee have seen the Letter which they wrote the last year 1519 to the other Cities of the Kingdom They wrote another to Valladolid bearing date the 8th of June of this year 1520. declaring to the same effect as in the former the great necessitie into which the absence of their King would plunge the Countrie and the great inconveniences that were likely to proceed from that occasion That it was expedient that all the Cities of the Kingdom should make an Assemblie and consult what were best to bee don in a case of such high consequence That they would consider of the manner and place of meeting That they would conform themselvs to Valladolid and that Valladolid should communicate the matter to the bordering Towns and Cities That Toledo would presently put it in execution for they were and ever would bee at his Majestie 's service for the good of the kingdoms and their Republicks The fifteenth of June Valladolid returned this answer That they would very willingly condescend to such an Assemblie if they thought they might justly and lawfully do it and that they remained well assured of the zeal and good affection which Toledo expressed to the King's service and the publick good But such kinde of meetings they alleged were prohibited by the Laws of the Kingdom without his Majestie 's permission and admit they were not forbidden at that time however they were unlawful in regard his Majestie was absent and by reason of the scandal which might arise from thence especially there beeing a Governor for his Majestie in the Kingdom and a Person of such note and value besides the Lord President and those of the Council with whom they and the other Cities of the kingdom might communicate their necessities and grievances And Valladolid conclude's thus So Wee beseech your Worships that you would pleas to let these Assemblies ceas becaus out of the desire wee have to do you service It would griev us very much that that Citie should give anie occasion of scandal Becaus all that should proceed from thence would bee imputed and laid to the charge of those that were assistant at anie such Iunta And if you think that there is anie necessitie to provide for or that you desire to remedie anie thing touching this Kingdom or that Citie send your messengers or Commissioners to the Governor and those of the Council and wee will procure them a free arrival hither protect them while they staie here and obtein them a safe conduct back again to which wee doubt not but the Governor will easily condescend and wee will also join with them in all that is just and lawful And becaus wee believ according to your great Prudence and Virtue you will receiv our Intention with the same zeal and affection as wee declare it wee enlarge our selvs no further in this particular So God keep you c. SECT IX THese private Treaties increased daily the publick resentments and the more in respect of the King's demands and his so unexspected determination to leav that Countrie The principal of those that declared themselvs in Toledo with demonstrations of the greatest zeal to the Common good were Iohn de Padilla Don Pedro Lasso de la Vega Son to Don Garzilasso de la Vega Chancellor of the Order in the kingdom of Leon and Hernando de Avalos all gentlemen of noble extraction and allied to the chief Nobles of Spain These gentlemen who were chief Commissioners in the Iuntas and Assemblies which were held in the Citie exclaimâ—d exceedingly against the ill government That the King was carried away by strangers not considering the miserable condition in which hee left that Kingdom then they repeated all the Contents of the Letters which Toledo had sent to th' other Cities adding divers other things that had been produced upon new occasions which they amplified and aggravated with more bitterness then need required And That Toledo which for her greatness had been the Metropolitan Citie of Spain in time of the Goths was more then ordinarily obliged to seek out a remedie and set a Period to so great evils They urged moreover that it was most expedidient that forthwith Letters should bee dispatched to all the Cities of the Kingdom that had Vote in Parlament to incite them to assemble in som place convenient for their treating upon the forementioned remedies That there should immediately bee sent a Petition to the King beseeching him not to depart the Kingdom but that hee would bee pleased to give som Order for the remedying and better managing of Affairs That in case his Majestie would not the Kingdom intended to indeavor it and would more narrowly see into that which concerned the Common good These and divers such like things were that daie there propounded And in â—egard they carried a specious apparence of the Publick Good which was so generally desired throughout the whole Kingdom the Major part of the Assemblie was of opinion That it was most fiâ—ting and convenient so to do But som dissented though they were the fewer in number fearing that if the affairs were carried on in that manner although under colour of the Common good they would produce very sad consequents neither were they satisfied of the lawfulness of the
the Kingdom That the Parlament should bee adjourned and held in Castillia and not at Santjago nor in the Kingdom of Galicia That the Offices and Governments should not bee vendible That som good order should bee taken in the Inquisition which might tend to the service and glorie of God and that no bodie should bee molested That the grievances and wrongs of private Persons of the Kingdom should bee righted and repaired These were the principal heads of the demands Toledo then sent to his Majestie but the Commotions increasing gave them the boldness to add new matter to their Petition as you shall see hereafter SECT XI I Have declared already the combustions that were in Valladolid and the Emperor's determination to depart thence purposing to take his waie by Tordesillas to visit the Queen his mother Which beeing known and noised through the Citie moreover that hee would carrie his mother out of the Kingdom with him the Citizens and Common People were so much troubled at it that they vented divers as bitter exclamations as a furious passion could dictate to their disturbed mindes But the chief Burgesses Deputies and other Officers met in Consultation at the Monasterie of St Paul to take order for investing their Commissioners with a general Power to grant what the Emperor should demand in Parlament to petition his Majestieâ—om â—om things in their favor and to kiss his hand before his departure While they were thus assembled on Mondaie morning Don Pedro Lasso with his Companions arriveing the same daie at Valladolid and beeing alighted went to visit them But Alonso Ortiz his fellow Commissioner who resided in Court said in regard the Emperor was gon to Church to praie for his good journie to Tordesillas that hee thought it convenient for them to go first to the Palace for perchance his Majestie beeing informed of their arrival would vouchsafe to staie a little and give them Audience In this interim som Inhabitants of Valladolid beeing told of the Toledo-Commissioner's coming went to salute them desiring that they would indevor to procure som Remedie against those miseries and grievances under which the Kingdom then so much groaned Hereupon it was agreed amongst them that the Towns-men should presently put themselvs in a readiness to oppose and hinder the Emperor from going out of the Kingdom or depart that Citie in which attempt Don Pedro Lasso offered to venture his fortune with them if they would stand to him and that they should seiz upon Xeures and som Flemings of the chief of his Majestie 's Council and Bed-chamber binding first those Towns-men with a solemn oath not to desert him in that enterprize Beeing pricked with this over-dilligent itch of putting in execution the orders and Commands which their Citie had imposed upon them before they went to kiss the Emperor's hands which had been the right waie beeing accompanied with a gang of Common People and som Deputies of the Wards who by this time were come in to them they went directly to the Monasterie of St Paul to salute and communicate their design with the chief of the Citie there assembled To whom they made a speech signifying the Causses of their comming and what they intended to desire of his Majestie in behalf of their Citie justifying their demands and coloring them with the most specious pretences that could bee And indeed as at first their meaning was their affection and zeal to their Prince were such that their thoughts I believ differed nothing from their expressions until things were brought unto such a pass that there was no hopes of remedie and that those that had the power or the wisdom made a breach through their miseries as did Don Pedro Lasso and divers other gentlemen And at the last they desired that as they had written and offered to the Citie of Toledo they would send their Commissioners with them to make a Joint-demand of the same things which Salamanca and other Cities desired for a Petition beeing countenanced by so manie Cities would bee much more available Their speech beeing thus ended by the general consent of the Assemblie Don Hernando Enriquez brother to the Lord Admiral returned them this answer That as yet they were not fully determined what to do and for that caus they were there assembled That they would resolv upon that which should tend most to the King's service and the good of the Kingdom That they might do what they saw good The Commissioners of Toledo perceiving Valladolid otherwaies inclined then they exspected went forthwith to the Palace leaving them in consultation SECT XII THey came to the Emperor's Chamber of presence just as hee was risen from dinner With his Majestie were the Marquis of Villena the Earl of Venavente the Earl of Miranda the Duke of Alburquerque the Earl of Haro the Earl of Castro the Earl of Palma the Marquis of Brandenbourg the Archbishop of Santjago the Bishop of Palencia Monsieur de Xeures and Don Pedro Giron the Earl of Urenia's eldest son It hapned as those Commissioners came in Don Pedro Giron was talking with the King so loud that everie one might hear him Hee said that his Majestie might remember that beeing at Barcelona the first of March anno 1519 hee did him the honor to give him a writing under his hand wherein hee promissed that at his arrival in Castilla hee would command the Judges to examine and determine according to Law the right which hee pretended and claimed to the Estate of Medina Sidonia as the portion and inheritance of the Ladie Mencia de Gusman his wife Daughter to the Duke Don Iohn deceased and that his Majestie beeing since at Burgos hee had again refresh't his memorie by waie of Petition that hee had don the like there in Valladolid and yet his Majestie was upon his departure without giving anie order for the performance of that which hee had promised under his hand and hereupon hee fell into a vain of very presumptuous language such as savored of too much sauciness and audacitie Amongst other things hee said That since his Majestie did not do him Justice hee intended to right himself with his own hand and that for so great an injurie and without reason so publick and so known as his Majestie had made it to all the world by suffering him to bee so abused against Equitie or Justice and contrary to that which his Majestie did owe to his own Royal word hee having so punctually performed all the duties that could bee required of his Loialtie hee had now no more to saie or do but onely to let his Majestie understand That for fault of the remedie which hee did not give him and for the great injurie which hee now did him hee could and would make use of all those provisions which the Laws of the Kingdom of Spain did ordain in favor and for the redressing of oppressed and injured Gentlemen and to this effect it was sufficient to ask his Majestie 's permission
as hee had alreadie begged it before as honorable persons as those that were then present but could not obtain it Speaking these words hee fell upon his knees and kissed his Majestie 's hand The Emperor somwhat moved at Don Pedro's more then bold speeches made this grave replie Don Pedro you are a discreet man I do not think that you would do anie thing that shall oblige meeâ— to punish you for if you should my Justice must answer your offence Don Pedro replied Sir in doing what I saie I do nothing but what I ought and what is just if I do it not my self your Majestie will not see mee righted Those from whom I descended never imbraced the thought of doing anie thing that ought not to be don neither do I intend it That which I said Sir I would do was to seek som remedie for my grievances according to the Laws instituted in this Kingdom and if your meaning is Sir to have me punished for doing what I ought you will see if you do so what you ought to do to your self The Emperor presently answered I think to do you Justice Don Pedro as I told you and I have performed my promise to you You are my King Sir said Don Pedro and I will not answer you That which you promised mee is herein written under your own hand and may soon bee seen and what you concluded in your Council yesterdaie this daie is known sufficiently that said hee produced his paper for evidence Upon these words the Marquis of Villena bid Don Pedro forbear and void the Chamber so Don Pedro went out and the Earl of Venavente and the Lord High Constable with him who came in after this discours began all the other Gentlemen presently followed them and gathering themselvs in a knot together in the Anti-chamber they descanted upon these passages and Don Pedro Giron continued still his fuming with expâ—essions of much discontent and sens of injurie becaus the King had not made good to him what hee had promised him with so much assurance SECT XIII DOn Pedro Giron was no sooner gon out of the Presence but Don Pedro Lasso Don Alonso Suarez advanced to speak to his Majestie beseeching hee would bee pleased to give them audience for they had divers things to impart to his Majestie which did much conduce to his Service The Emperor answered them that hee was upon going as they saw and that hee had not then the time to hear them They replied but chiefly Don Pedro Lasso That it was of so much concernment to his Majestie to hear them that hee would not repent the deferring of his departure for a little while especially the weather beeing as it was very rainie For they would inform his Majestie of manie things wherein were interessed in an extraordinarie manner both His service and the good of the Kingdom The Emperor knowing alreadie the substance of what they came to ask and nothing pleased with their manner of petitioning answered That there was no man in the world more careful and desirous of that which might bee most expedient for the good of his Kingdoms then himself That they should meet him at the next town to Tordesillas in the waie to Santjago and there hee would hear them So they departed his Presence The Emperor beeing very angrie at the importunitie and sauciness of the Toledians and Don Pedro Giron sent presently to call som of his Privie Council to advise touching the apprehending of Don Pedro Giron The Lord High Constable beeing advertised of the Emperor's pleasure came presently to the Palace and with the rest of the Nobles there beeing hee sent to desire Xeures that hee would join with them in taking som cours for the composing of the matter While things were thus in agitation a rumor began to spread amongst the People that their Magistrates had granted what the Emperor did desire that hee was going away and that hee would carrie his Mother out of the Kingdom with him and as the People are apt to believ all they hear this report much troubled them and beeing drunk with passion they ran madding through the streets and here and there making stands after that Countrie fashion they assembled divers circuler consultations saying that it would bee fitting to petition the King not to depart Beeing all up in this confusion without understanding each other's meaning a certain Rope-maker by Nation a Portuguez inhabitant of that Citie seeing that the King was readie to depart and that no bodie would petition him to staie hee got into the steeple of St Michael which is a very ancient Parish in that Citie where hung a great bell commonly called the Counsel-Bell which used to bee rung onely in times of war uproars or upon anie Alarum this bell hee begin's to ring with as much speed as hee could which assoon as the People heard without knowing or examining wherefore all except those that were assembled in the Monasterie of St Paul presently took up arms to the number of about five or six thousand Common People 'T is said their determination was to kill Xeures and all the Flemings and to hinder the Emperor's departure Don Alonso Enriquez Bishop of Osma gave Xeures notice hereof yet hee would not believ him thinking that hee told him so onely to ingratiate himself with him But soon after hearing a great hurlieburlie and the clashing of weapons and asking what the matter was Don Pedro Porto Carero told him Sir it is now no time for you to sit in Council but indeavor to secure your Person for the Common crie of the People is Let Charls the King live but let his ill Counsellors perish neither ought you to think it strange if in their rage they murther you since they consider you as one that carrie's their King from them The People seeing themselvs so numerous manie of them as it appeared would have stop't the Emperor's Journie And this disorder fell out just as the Emperor was in Consultation about the apprehending of Don Pedro Giron but Xeures and the Flemings beeing too well assured of the People's tumultuous furie hastened the Emperor all they could out of Valladolid so hee departed from his Palace in the cruellest rain and thickest skie that had been seen in the memorie of man Which it seeme's was a presage and ill Omen of the miseries and disasters which were afterwards poured upon Castillia and his other Kingdoms The Emperor coming to the gate of the Citie found there som of the rabble they could not all bee so soon there becaus of the extraordinarie foul weather who having seiz'd upon the gates began to shut them and to barricado up the waie but the Emperor's Guards made them suddenly quit their Poste and hee continued on his journie leaving Valladolid full of disorder Som were troubled for what they had don others perplexed that they had seen and suffered such insolencies to bee committed And in regard there was
hours together and the result of their conference was That it seemed they took it verie ill to bee thus forbidden the Court therefore it was agreed that in testimonie of their obedience they should go onely four or five leagues from Santjago and should leav som bodie in their steads to put him in minde to sollicite the Emperor to revoke their banishment The next daie beeing Tuesdaie in the morning they went away lâ—aving Alonso de Ortiz onely to sollicite Xeures and to put him in minde of what was agreed betwixt them and to tell him that Don Pedro Lasso and Don Alonso Suarez were gon to Padron four leagues from Santjago in obedience to his Majestie 's Commands Alonso de Ortiz returned to the Palace and meeting Covos hee desired him to help him to the speech of Xeures Xeures beeing com forth Ortiz beseeched him to perform what hee had promised to those gentlemen Xeures told him that hee had moved it alreadie to the Emperor but could not prevail And that for ought hee saw there was no remedie but that they must obeie the extremitie of his Commands Ortiz replied that they should have a care what they did therein and that it would not redound to the Emperor's service not so much becaus those Commissioners were of the chief gentrie of the Kingdom as that they were deputed and sent by the Citie of Toledo who must take upon their accompt what trouble or injurie soever they suffered in regard they had done nothing beyond or contrarie to that which their Citie had encharged them for the good of the Kingdom Xeures answereâ— that they had not shewn the respect which they oweâ— to their King and for that they deserved the punishmenâ— which hee had inflicted upon them and much more Ortiz replied That since hee had the greatest privacie and freedom with his Majestie hee was the more obliged to see to this matter and to consider with attention that the whole Kingdom knew that Toledo had sent those gentlemen to treat of that which concerned them all and that seeing them thus banished the Court they would not think it was for anie disrespect to his Majestie for if any such thing were they deserved double punishment but that they were turned out of the Court that they might not solicite the Kingdom 's good and thereupon they would bee all scandalized and such mischiefs would insue as they would not bee able to remedy when they listed Whereto Xeures very formally thus replied what lightness is this of Toledo what lightness I say is the King no King why doth no body think of putting Kings in and out at their pleasure Alonso Ortiz answered again that hee wondred hee should speak so much against Toledo it beeing of such consequence that it was reputed the best and most considerable Citie of the Kingdom and had the greatest priveleges and immunities which the natives did enjoie for the notable services they had don to the deceased Kings Therefore it could not bee thought that Toledo treated or intended anie thing but what might suit with his Majestie 's service Moreover if hee pleased to look upon what gentlemen had gon into Flanders to serv his Majestie against King Fernando's will venturing there not onely their own lives and fortunes but their friend's and Kindred's also hee would finde that the most of them were of Toledo And that those of that Citie were the cheif means of paying the subsidies to King Phillip And since that Citie produced such gallant men hee ought not to beleiv that It 's intention ever was other then to do his Majestie service The Secretary Francisco de los Covos heard all this discours These and divers other means the Toledian Commissioners used by favor of som great one 's about the Emperor to obtain a revocation of their banishment but nothing would do for Xeures and other Castilians of the privie Council opposed it Don Alonso Suarez prudently considering that their business was foyled and in danger of beeing utterly lost performed what hee was commanded and never after put himself into those troubles neither did hee meddle during all the commotions of Castilla whereby hee lost nothing Don Pedro Lasso did the like though late not understanding sooner that hee disserved the King Thus ended the Embassage of Toledo which was so boldly and couragiously performed by these gentlemen Before the Emperor departed from Santjago hee installed Knight of the Order the Earl of Santisteuan the Marquess of Villena's son The ceremony was celebrated with great solâ—mnity at the great Altar in Santjago's Church SECT XIX ON Tuesday in the Holie week before Easter a Post came from Toledo with an express to recall their Commissioners This Post was dispatch't before there was any notice of their beeing banished from Court Hee brought letters to his Majestie som from the Assemblie of the Citie others from the Chapter of their Cathedral Church and from the Monasteries and Fryeries humbly begging therein a favorable treatment of their Commissioners not as yet knowing what had passed Moreover they mentioned how Don Antonio de Cordoua the Earl of Cabra's brother their Governor then beeing at Toledo had produced certain orders from his Majestie to Iohn de Padilla Hernando de Avalos and Gonsalo Gaytan whereby they were commanded to make their personal appearance at Court within a certain time under penaltie for default The reason that Toledo gave why these gentlemen did not obey was that they were emploied about som affairs concerning the publick good and that their absence would bee prejudicial to the whole Citie And therefore they beseeched that his Majestie would suspend his command for the present The gentlemen that stayed at Padron sent this dispatch with the instructions they had from Toledo to Alonso Ortiz who remained at Court Hee presently went to the Monasterie of San Salvador half a league from the Citie where the Emperor had retired himself for the Holie week and desired to enter to deliver the letters to his Majestie but hee found no admittance Meeting Secretarie Covos hee acquainted him with his business and told him that hee had letters to deliver to the Emperor from Toledo Covos told Xeures this who forthwith sent for Ortiz and bad him give him the letters But Ortiz desired to bee excused for hee had order to deliver them into the Emperorâ—s own hands and to none els Xeures told him that the Emperor having received the Sacrament that morning was yet at his devotion and hee could not speak with him Then they fell to discours again about those gentlemen's banishment and grew so hot at it that Xeures went away distasted and Ortiz remained with small satisfaction A little after Covos came and told Ortiz that Xeures called him Ortiz went and Xeures told him that resolvedly hee could say nothing as touching their banishment so without any more words hee went into another room Ortiz stayed behinde with Don Garcia de Padilla who blaming exceedingly the
came against it This treaty continued a good while at length Don Iohn seeing divers of his neer kinsmen against him his friends and Allies and considering that hee wanted provisions to make anie long resistance to avoid the damages his standing out might have occasioned suffered himself to bee perswaded to deliver up the Fort upon condition that one of his own servants should remain as Commander having first taken the Oath of fealty Thus on Saturday 21 of April Don Iohn and his Children with the other gentlemen and friends that were retired thither came out of the Fort and went to a village of his four leagues thence from which place hee wrote again to the Emperor informing him how the People had taken the Fort from him and possessed themselvs of all the Gates and Bridges of the Citie which news incensed his Majestie very much yet hee did not resolve to send any Souldiery thither becaus every one told him that beeing a business of no foundation it must needs fall again of it self All this passed before the Governor went out of the Citie or gave up his Staff So all the Common People conducted by their Chiefs went next unto his hous and made him swear that hee should hold his staff or acknowledg his autoritie and Office as from the Communalty of Toledo Hee beeing affrighted with this tumult condescended to what they would have him do the People soon after broke out and did what they listed seeing him so helpless and so void of resolution The Citie thus wanting both Governor and Don Iohn de Sylva Those of the Communaltie became freemen and Lords of all They constituted Deputies and began to settle a form of government at their own pleasures Saying they did it in the name of the King Queen and Communaltie In this manner began the great troubles and commotions of Toledo SECT XXVII DOn Pedro Lasso arrived at a village of his called Cueua in his way to Gibraltar whither hee intended to go like a good and Loial Subject in obedience to his Majestie 's Command although the fortie dayes hee was limited were expired But Toledo having notice of his beeing there They sent to desire him to return to the Citie Hee would have excused himself Saying that hee was to repair to Gibraltar in Order to that which the Emperor had commanded whereupon they ordered a party of Hors to seiz upon him and bring him thither Hee not beeing able to withstand them went though seemingly against his will and got privately into his own hous but could not keep himself long concealed for the People gathering presently together went to his hous and forcing him to com forth carried him to the Church Hee rode on horsback and the People went on foot by him with great acclamations of joie applauding and extolling the Valor and resolution hee had shewen in their behalfs for indeed at that time Hee was beloved and highly esteemed not onely of that People but of the whole Kingdom This favor and honor which everie one did him made him not reflect so soon upon his Error For Don Pedro was a very sweet dispositioned gentleman without malice and besides his good naturâ— a great friend to justice and the weal of his country and therefore hee ingaged so far in those first broils Whosoever knew what hee was will acknowledg all this for the noble bloud that ran in his veins would not suffer him to degenerate from his Ancestor's generositie who were of the Grandees of Spain Hee beeing son to Don Garci Lasso de la Vega Comendador mayor de Leon one of the most renowned gentlemen that were in the times of the Catholick Kings Saâ—cha de Guzman Ladie of Batres descended from that most illustrious familie of the Guzmans of Leon was his mother Hee was nephew to Don Gomez Xuarez de Figueroa Father to the first Earl of Feria and to the Lady Eluina Lasso de la Vega sister to the Marquis of Santillana which two houses Vega and Mendosa were of the most Illustrious families of all Spain This was his extraction and it is to bee expected that his thoughts and desires to serv his Prince should bee correspondent as the Emperor and his son King Philip had good experience of afterwards Who in times very troublesom when they had need of men of resolution and loialty sent Garci Lasso Don Pedro Lasso's son their Embassador to Paul the fourth about businesses of very high consequence and great difficulty I finde my self obliged to this digression for the honor of so noble a person It beeing no less then my dutie not to suffer such eminent virtues to bee buried in Oblivion although it doth somwhat hinder the Story SECT XXVIII IT was generally voted by the Communalty of Toledo which already gave themselvs the attribute of Holie for further security of their place and persons That it was expedient to turn the Governor and all his Officers out of the Citie notwithstanding hee had taken an Oath to Officiate for them For the better effecting whereof they raised a mutinie pretending to kill him and to take away the staves from Him his Lievtenant and other Officers who presently delivered them for fear of their lives The Governor the Lord chief Justice and the High Sheriff fled to Don Pedro Lasso's hous for refuge where hee secured them and Hernando de Avalos with som other gentlemen The tumult of the Common People beeing appeased they were conducted out of the Citie on foot then they took hors and rode to Alcala de Henares Whence the Governor sent one of his Officers named Don Pedro del Castillo to inform the Emperor of these passages in Toledo The Citie set guards at all their gates and Avenues that no body should go out to give notice of their proceedings nor anie one com in without beeing examined who hee was whence hee came and what letters hee brought All this was done by the general command and consent of all the gentlemen that assisted in this insurrection of the Common People and all the Fryers and Priests excepting som few who absented and withdrew themselvs though with danger of their lives The Order they kept to conform themselvs in these disorders was That every time they were to treat of anie business the inhabitants of every perticular parish were to assemble and two publick Notaries with them before whom every man how mean soever was to sit down and declare his opinion SECT XXIX THe 8th of Maie in the same year was published at the Groyn this rising of Toledo som were glad of it others sorry every one according as hee stood affected Som advised the Emperor to take post and go to Toledo and inflict som exemplarie punishment upon the principal delinquents which might bee a means to keep the whole Kingdom in subjection The Emperor beeing young and full of Spirit approved of that counsel but Monsieur de Xeures disswaded him fearing greater disorders if hee went thither and
knowing the strength and scituation of that Citie besides considering the heat of the people's fury and that the mischief would bee greater if they had the impudence to affront him in Person as it was probable they would fearing to bee punished for what they had don already That their fury beeing most violent in the beginning which time alone could mitigate and appeas their first impetuosity would soon bee over as most commonly it is observed in such commotions which kindled with a little fire and without any grounds are allayed again with as little water Besides all these allegations Xeures had a longing desire to bee in his own Country verifying in that this saying That wheresoever the Treasure is there is the heart also Moreover the Emperor had a particular necessitie for a thousand reasons which neerly concerned the reputatâ—on of his person not to defer his departure but rather to hasten it all hee could beeing exceedingly urged by the Princes Electors and that hee might not give his enemies anie time to hinder the Election of the Empire the King of England beeing then likewise in expectation of som interest therein And besides it was of no small consequence for him to bee gon before the King of France was joined with the King of England who were reported to meet the first of Iune at Calis These considerations setled the Emperor's determination of going into Germanie his Council supposing that the business of Toledo would go no further no body imagining what afterwards did ensue SECT XXX THings beeing in the condition I have declared The Commissioners of Toledo never came to the Parlament which was concluded by them that were there who granted his Majestie the subsidie hee desired which was two hundred Millions of Marauediz to bee payd in three years whereunto som would not consent and those that did had trouble and displeasure enough from their Cities for it Salamanca Toro Madrid Murcia Cordoua and Toledo opposed whose Commiâ—sioners had no hand in the granting it neither came they into the Parlament-hous One of the Commissioners of Leon refused it the other consented Of those that did allow it som were induced thereto by their own particular interests few out of zeal or affection to his Majestie 's service The Emperor beeing ready to depart onely staying for a winde and his desire granted for matter of subsidie although som of his Council were of opinion that hee should not receiv it as Don Alonso Telles Lord of La Puebla de Montalvan Bishop Mota and Francisco de Vargas His Majestie sent for those Grandees of the Kingdom that were then there who were Don Diego Lopez de Pacheco Marquis of Villena Don Inigo de Velasco Constable of Castilla the Earl of Venavente the Duke of Alburquerque the Duke of Medina Celi the Marquis of Astorga the Earl of Lemos the Earl of Monterrey and the Commissioners of the Kingdom then present to whom hee sayd hee was then ready to depart beeing neerly concerned in the election of the Empire and that God willing hee would sodainly return In mean time hee left governor of those Kingdomes the Cardinal Adriano Bishop of Tortosa one of his Council who was a person eminent for his learning and good conscience and hee required and commanded them to assist and favor him that his Kingdomes might bee well governed The major part of these gentlemen disliked this motion for som reasons whereof one was that the Cardinal was a stranger but som approving it the Emperor took no notice of the opposers neither did hee admit of any replies SECT XXXI THe Emperor being at the Groyn divers requests were made to him in the Kingdomâ—s name as followeth That his Majestie would bee pleased to return speedily into those Kingdomes and govern them in his own person as his predecessors had done For nothing that they could ask him would bee so satisfactorâ—e and acceptable to those Kingdoms as his safe and speedy return in regard Spain was not accustomed to bee without their King neither could they bee governed by any other with the peace and quiet which is necessary and expedient That assoon as hee should com back hee would bee pleased to marry for the universal good of the Kingdoms that they might have the seed of his Roial Person to succeed him in regard his age did require it That the Queen's Court might bee put into such order as was suitable to the dignitie of Her Roial Person and the honor of those Kingdoms That Shee might have Officers of trust about her who should bee well treated and incouraged with good rewards That at his return hee would bee pleased to bring with him no Flemings French or other strangers to have any Office of importance in those Kingdoms but that hee would advance and employ the natives of that Country who would serv him with much loyaltie and affection That those Kingdoms beeing at Peace and under his Majestie 's subjection hee would not bring anie souldiers of Forreign Countries for defence thereof or to bee guards of his own person Alleadging that in that Countrie the People beeing very warlike and of courage enough to conquer other Nations what might they think could bee the reason but his distrust of them if hee should take strangers for his guard That Hee would govern and settle his hous in such order as the Catholick Kings his forefathers and other Kings his Predecessors had done That no wages or pensions should bee given to the Wives or Children of anie Courtiers that were not in service unless in acknowledgment and recompence of services done by the Father deceased hee would gratifie the surviving Children That in regard there were many superfluous Offices added in the Queen's houshould which were not of former times they should bee all taken away again and no Salaries allowed for them That no Grandee should have anie office in the King 's or Queen's houshould as in relation to the Exchequer or Treasurie That whilest his Majestie was absent the Salaries of his Domesticks should bee payed out of his own Revenue That the Governors they were to have during his absence might bee Natives of either of those Kingdomes of Castilla or Leon. That such Governors might have powâ—er to confer anie Offices or dignities of the Kingdom except Bishopricks Lievtenantships and Commanderies of Orders That neither the King nor anie Noblemen should give billets for lodging and in case they did that the People should not bee obliged to reciev them unless they listed But when his Majestie goeth his progress That there should bee lodgings and furniture provided for his familie and Court gratis so that hee make no longer stay then fifteen dayes in a place if more afterwards hee should pay And that his guard and Souldiery bee lodged and quartered according to the usual manner That there should bee one hundred lodgings and no more provided for his Majestie 's familie at the Charge of the Place where hee shall stay That there should
bee no lodging allowed for those of the Council Judges nor anie such like Officers That the King should not give general or particular billets for the lodging of anie That the taxes and impositions should bee reduced to a certain number and the Pole-monie set at a just and moderate rate whereby the People might perceiv the grace and favor his Majestie did them That the subsidies granted by the Commissioners at the Groyn should not bee received nor demanded neither should there bee anie â—ew taxes or extraordinary tribute imposed upon the Kingdome without som evident necessitie and that it were thought requisite for the good of the Kingdom and his Majestie 's service That the King should not â—end any instructions to the Cities or form of granting Powers nor nominate any particular men for Officers but that the Cities and towns should have the freedom and libertie to bestow and confer their Powers upon such men as they should finde zealous for the good of their Republicks That the Commissioners in Parlament should have the libertie to meet when and where they pleased and to discours and confer freely with one another That such Commissioners during their emploiment should not receiv of the King anie Office favor or gift whatsoever for themselvs their Wives Children or kindred under pain of death and confiscation of goods and that those goods should bee employed for the publick reparations of the Citie or Town whereof they were Commissioners to the end that they should bee the more careful to do onely that which was most expedient for the glory of God the service of his Majestie and good of the Kingdom That everie Commissioner or Burgess should have a competent allowance from the place whose persons they represented That the Parlament beeing ended the several Commissioners should return within forty dayes to give account of what they had done under pain of losing their wages and emploiment That no gold or Silver coyned or to bee coyned should bee transported out of the Kingdom under pain of death In regard the contrary having been done the Kingdomes were impoverished and destroied That there should bee monie coyned differing as well in value as stamp from that of the neighboring Countries and that it should bee of a base alloy two Carats under the rate of the finest gold That in Weight and value it should bee answerable to the Crowns of Gold which are coyned in France Becaus that would bee a means that it should not bee transported Manie other artickles were given in touching gold and silver the particular favors and rewards of the King and other matters of justice But that which they insisted most upon was that the Councils should bee strictly looked to That the Chancery and other Courts in the Kingdom should bee visited or reviewed from six to six years and that all suits should bee dispatched in order and determined whithin a certain time without any delay That there should bee no appealing from Court to Court but that each case should bee decided at it's own Tribunal That no Counsellor or other whosoever should enjoie two offices but should apply himself to one onely These and manie other things the Nobles and Commissioners of the Kingdom desired but they fell into the hands of Strangers the King beeing young and full of thoughts of his Voiage and possession of his Empire So they remained And in regard these and other such like propositions were slighted and layd aside though presented with much zeal and affection the whole Kingdom burst out and slipping in one they fell into the Precipice of manie inconveniences as it is commonly seen They desired one thing verie Holie in the Chapter concerning Ecclesiastical dignities and pensions That they should not bee conferred upon strangers and that the acts of Naturalization which had been made should bee revoked That in the Ecclesiastical Courts there should bee no more duties payed then in the secular and that they should observ the same Statute Which I would it were well seen unto in these times There were likewise som complaints and Petitions given in against Pedrarias de Avila a gentleman of good note and quality brother to the Earl of Punio en Rostro and who had done great services yet hee was accused by som of his enemies and charged for having put manie to death unjustly at the discoverie of the Indies and committed divers Robberies and Tyrannies There were seaven consultations hereupon and Pedrarias was quitted by them all and the Emperor himself taking particular notice of the services which hee had done at Oran in Africa and the taking of Buxia besides other places in the Indies freed him notwithstanding these fals and passionate accusations and confirmed him in the government and charge which formerly had been conferred upon him and gave him som rewards besides But all this was not sufficient to stop the mouths of his enemies who gave occasion to strangers not onely of speaking ill but also of writing against this gentleman who was valiant in his own person and of antient extraction in this Kingdom And others not knowing to the contrary have followed them in the prejudicial censure of this nation and the Nobilitie thereof SECT XXXII TO the grief of those gentlemen who took ill Cardinal Adriano's beeing Governor by a general consent of the Council and Don Antonio de Rojas Arch-Bishop of Granada then President Hee was confirmed Governor of Castilla and Navarra jointly with those of his Council who were Don Alonso Tellez Lord of la-Puebla de Montalvan Hernando de Vega Chancellor of the order in Castilla Don Iohn de Fonseca Bishop of Burgos Don Antonio de Rojas Arch-Bishop of Granada and President of his Majestie 's Council of Justice and Francisco de Vargas Treasurer general these were to reside at Valladolid Antonio de Fonseca Lord of Coca was appointed Captain General of the kingdom and Don Iohn Brother to the Bishop of Burgos his Treasurer Don Iohn de la Nuza was Governor of Aragon Don Diego de Mendoza brother to the Marquis of Zenete Vice-Roy of Valencia All being thus ordered for the Government of the kingdom and the winde coming faire upon Saturday the 19.th of May at Sun-set The Emperor commanded to bee Proclaimed That all the mariners and his retinue should goe on board that night for the next day in the morning hee would set saile Sunday the 20.th of May before day hee did his devotion and received the Sacrament after which hee tooke ship Don Alonso de Fonseca Arch-Bishop of Santjago Don Iuan de Fonseca Bishop of Burgos Don Inigo de Velasco Constable of Castilla and Leon Don Diego Lopez Pacheco Marquis of Villena Don Alonso Pimentel Earl of Benavente Don Iohn Osorio Marquis of Astorga and divers other persons of quality waited on him to the Sea-side Those that imbarked with him were Don Fadrique de Toledo Duke of Alva the Marquis of Villa Franca and his son Don Hernando de
Andrade Earl of Andrade Don Diego Hurtado de Mendoza who did great services to the Emperor and Monsieur de Xeures with the rest of the Flemings So with a most harmonious noise of Minstrels and Trumpets they weighed ancker and set saile with great acclamations of joy leaving sad Spaine over-charged with sorrow and misfortunes They shaped their course directly for England and the sixth day the whole Fleet arrived at the Downs The same day being whitsunday The Emperor landed with all his nobility and servants where hee was received by the Cardinal of England favorite to King Henry the Eight and by whom hee was much governed The same night the King of England came by post thither the expressions of affection and the great contentment which the King of England seemed to take in his Majestie 's company were beyond relation The next day the two King 's went to visite St Tho of Canterburie's tomb where Queen Katherine wife to King Henry and Aunt to the Emperor attended them in a sumptuously adorned Palace wherein they spent the three dayes of whitsuntide with great Jollity and feasting The holy-daies being past and the Princes having treated sufficiently of what concerned them and confirmed a Peace with great testimonies of affection on both sides the Emperor took leave of his Aunt and the King and went to Deal a harbour in the same Island And so imbarked again and sailed to Flushing His arrivall was incredibly welcom to the Inhabitants of all those Provinces the same expressions of joy were all Germany over assoon as they knew of his landing where hee was infinitely desired Hee went from Holland into Flanders without anie stay but in all places where hee did pass hee was most Splendidly entertained especially at Gant where Margarita his Aunt and the Infante Don Fernando his brother who was Arch-Duke of Austria exspected his coming Thence hee went towards Calis to visit again the King and Queen of England who mean time the Emperor was at Sea met the King of France there who endeavoured all hee could to possess the King of England with a disaffection of the Emperor whose power and greatnesse hee envied and repined at Having made this second visit the Emperor returned to Gant where hee put himself in fit equipage to receiv the Crown at Aquisgran Where we will leave him for the present and return to relate the the miseries and troubles of Spain SECT XXXIII THe Emperor's departure was diversly resented in Spain Those that were honestly minded and of sober and quiet dispositions approved of it esteeming it just and requisite but feared much what after did ensue But the factious and Seditious Party were otherwise affected They rejoiced at it and hugged themselvs in the fancie and vain hope of increasing their estates and reputation with these dissensions and alterations delighting as the Proverb saith to fish in troubled water The Emperor being gone from the Groyn all the Nobilitie and Gentrie which stayed behinde returned to their owne houses and the Commissioners or Burgesses of Parlament repayred to their respective Cities and towns with feare enough of their Republicks The Cardinal and those of his Council tooke their way towards Valladolid and before they arrived there newes was brought them of the Commotions of the Cities of Castilla The Emperor was very ill advised in not leaving the government of those Kingdoms to some Nobleman of that Countrie as was desired of him in Parlament whom as a Grandee of note and power they might feare and love honor and respect him as their Countryman Or if they had done as when necessitie constrained them they did afterwards all had been well The fault being laid upon Xeures hee sayed That it was not so ordered that his Majestie thought there were no Noblemen in Castilla worthy of that honor but because of the factions and partialities amongst them the conferring it upon one should not disgust the others SECT XXXIIII THe Cardinal and his Council being arrived at Venavente an express from Don Iohn de Acunia Governor of Segovia came to them purposely to inform them of a notoriously haynous accident befallen in that Citie which was thus One of the Commissioners or Burgesses that was sent thence to the Parlament at Santjago named Iohn or Antony de Tordesillas Regidor and native of that Citie gave his consent to the granting the Subsidies his Majestie demanded Hee brought for the Citie the Pole-money to bee payed by way of excise and a gratuity of one hundred thousand Maravediz for reparation of the walls and for himself hee had procured a very good governement and received an office which the Mint or coyning house had given for lost It is a custome in Segovia every Tuesday in whitsonweek that the Collectors meet to treat concerning the Revenue of Corpus Christi Church It hapned that being all together one of them inconsiderately sayed Gentlemen you know that Don Iohn de Acunia is Governor of this Citie and that hee never set foot in it and yet not satisfied to under value us hee maintein's here certain Officers to robb us rather then to administer Iustice. And I vow to God if the former stole away our Cloaks these strip us to the very Skins Moreover know that the Governor hath put in here a Deputy more fool then valiant Hee is not satisfied with the injuries hee doth us by day but hee leads a dog to catch men in the night And my opinion is That if any one hath done what hee ought not to doe Hee should apprehend him in his house like a Christian and not hunt him with doggs in the Mountains like a Moore For a man of any credit is more troubled at his being apprehended in the open street then at his Imprisonment A certain old man called Melon chanced to bee present at these words who had for many years executed the office of a Sergeant or Catch-pole as they call them and therefore was hated and abhorred by all the people This poore man having heard the other out and every body else holding their peaces stood up and spake these words in favor of the Justice Indeed Gentlemen that which this man hath sayed seemeth to me not well and mee thinks it is wors that men of such honor and credit as here are should give eare to such a man for hee that will speak in publick of the Ministers of Iustice ought to have some respect and moderation in his tongue and in an officer of the King 's hee ought not to look onely at his person but to consider what his staff represent's As touching the dog hee speak's of that my Master carrie's with him I sweare by this cross that being a yong man hee takes him with him more for his pleasure in the day time then to catch men in the night and if it had been so you doe not I hope take me to be so base but that I should haue made it known to the
Common People then neglect or forsake that which conduced to the King's service SECT XXXVI THis message which the Post brought from Segovia to the Governors declaring the crueltie done in that Citie possessed them with much trouble and care These risings touched the Cardinal to the heart and hereupon hee entred into consultation with those Gentlemen whom his Majestie had appointed to assist him After this the Gentlemen and Regidores of Segovia sent another Messinger to make their excuse to the Governor alledging That they had nothing to doe in the Death of Tordesillas nor the other two men neither were they able to hinder it in regard of the Mutinie of a great multitude of teazers of Wooll who made that scandalous uproar and outrage men of strange places vagabonds and who were already dispersed and fled from the Citie That if it could bee proved that anie man of account or worth in the Citie was amongst them or but anie waie favoured assisted or so much as consented to their barbarous proceeding they would willingly submit themselvs to anie Punishment that could bee inflicted on them The President of the Council Don Antonio de Rojas Arch-Bishop of Granada grew so cholerick and furious that through excess of passion hee gave the Messengers whom the Gentlemen Regidores and Citizens had sent to make their excuses such reproachful language and high threatnings that it spoiled all For returning to their Citie much distasted with this answer They were all scandalizâ—d at it and those that before were very quiet and peaceable began to incline to the Mutiniers The Cardinal beeing arrived at Valladolid the 5th of Iune 1520 the day before Corpus Christi eve the Arch-Bishop beeing gon thither two daies before Hee assembled all the Council and asked their opinions which were very different concerning this matter And becaus they are of so much importance to the Historie I will set down som of the most remarkable which were then taken in writing The first that spake was Don Antonio de Rojas President of the Council who declared himself in these words The opinion of Don Antonio de Rojas concerning Segovia MY LORDS wee who are dedicated to the Divine Sacraments have not the libertie to speak over boldly iâ— matters which concern humane rigors and chastisements becaus our profession is to shed tears for those which transgress against the God of Heaven and not spill the blood of those who offend earthlie Kings You see My Lords if the dignitie of Arch-Bishop invite's me to Clemencie the office of President which is conferred upon mee constrain's me to Iustice. This I say My Lords that you mâ—y not bee scandalized if I declare my self in this my vote I denie not that our Lord God giveth a beginning to all things with his Providence but yet manie of them hee persu's and concludeth with his rigor and Iustice. And this hee doth that the Good may bee incouraged to serv him and the wicked refrain from displeasing him According to this saying of the Prophet Misericordiam Judicium cantabo tibi Domine To com to the Purpose which now is in agitation This action of Segovia for my particular I hold it so hainous and scandalous that I cannot think of any Punishment great enough for it For where the offence is without weight the Penaltie ought to bee beyond measure Those of the Citie of Segovia have offended God in so barbarously putting to Death a man who better deserved to live then They. Which wicked action is of no less consequence then that it should wreak God's Iudgments upon them for the blood of his Innocencie is no other then the Crier or Proclaimer of Vengeance Again in my sense they are guiltie of Crimen laesâ—e Majestatis and it is very palpable for they did not murther Tordesillas for any offence hee had done them but for the service hee did the King in the Parlament And since for the King hee lost his life the King is obliged to see him revenged and in respect his Majestie is gone out of Castilla to receiv the Imperial Crown in Germanie It will bee sufficient if hee return in prosperitie that hee reward his wife and Children with some gratuity And wee are to proceed according to Iustice considering that the offence is as hainous as if it had been done to his own person For if I have served his Majestie beeing here present in giving him good Counsel I shall serv him more now My Lords in punishing misdeeds in his absence Moreover Since the King our Sovereign took shipping at the Groyn This is the first act of disobedience in Spain Wherefore I judge their crime the greater For an offence committed in absence alwaies argueth the more malice and where the malice is so great the Punishment ought to bee correspondent Item it is alleadged by those of Segovia that the Citie in general is not guiltie of this fact but only som particular men Carders did hang Tordesillas upon the Gallows I would fain know of them what was the reason why they did not punish those fellows since they were but few for there is no such testimonie of Innocence as to execute Iustice upon offenders In my opinion the Citie of Segovia cannot plead Non-Guiltie in this case for Five Thousand Citizens if they had listed might easily have withstood the furious insolence of Fiftie Teazers and those Strangers too But some secretly with their counsels others publickly using violence committed this insolent outrage For if it bee a crime in Wicked men to murther the good It is no less crime in good men not to resist the Wicked You have seen My Lords the peremptoriness of those of Toledo The King our Lord beeing at his Parlament in Santjago and the Groyn which was so great and scandalous that for my part I know not which was more to bee condemned their malicâ— in so doing or Xeures his negligence in not remedying it Wherefore I say that if that which was done hee being here hath pas't unpunished and this which hath bin committed in his absence be not remedyed from henceforwards I give all Castilla for lost and ruined For this is a General maxime if Iustice once lose her force presently start's up insulting Tyrannie Item since his Majestie 's departure out of this Kingdom This is the first scandal wherein it is requisite that the Council make appeare their Counsel and wisdom And there is nothing that can give a greater evidence thereof then in governing the People in such sort that wee may gain the affections of the good and bee no less feared by the evil If the death of this Regidor bee thus smothered and the insolence of Toledo dissembled the Carders of Segovia will thinke and the Cap-makers of Toledo will Proclaime that wee doe not let these things pass with our good wills but that wee dare not punish them And by this means Iustice will bee defamed in that shee cover's Feare and which is worst of all will
was to applie the same medicine which they desired viz. That his Majestie would bee pleased to grant to Toledo what their Commissioners had petitioned him in Parlament That his Eminence would command Ronquillo the Judg to rais his Siege before Segovia and return with his men in regard the Citie was much scandalized at his coming in such an hostile manner they having sent two Prelates with their submission and begging pardon of his Eminence that hee knew how all the chief Cities of the Kingdom beeing guiltie of the like Commotions every one would exspect the like punishment and out of that fear they would rather join all their Forces to succor Segovia then bee liable to anie such rigorous sentence that he should be very careful in that point for if the people once lost their respect hee would not bee able to correct them That for the present although there were tumults and Commotions everie where yet there was no publick War declared onely dissentions amongst the people But if they joined and assisted one another it would occasion great miserie and ruine to the Kingdom as it afterwards fell out These and som other instances the Gentleman pressed to the Cardinal who finding much reason and weight in them bad him come again to him the next daie in the Evening in the mean time hee would call a Council concerning those particulars The Gentleman punctually observing the time appointed the Cardinal told him that hee had consulted about that business but they were not all of his opinion so that there could bee nothing done but what was formerly commanded The Iurate beseeched him to bee very warie and well advised for som of his Council hee told him were men o're-swaied with passion and more wedded to their private interests then his Majestie 's service and that to his knowledg both Toledo and Madrid were raising men to send to reliev Segovia and if they went thither hee might easily see what mischief would ensue The Cardinal thereupon said hee would call a Council again about it SECT LI. TOledo and Madrid as beeing nearest fearing that if Segovia were subdued they should bee in danger chose Captains and raised men to send to succor it Toledo pitched upon Iohn de Padilla to whom they gave Commission to rais a thousand Foot and a hundred Light-horsmen whereof Hernando de Ayala was Captain with som pieces of Artillerie Madrid sent out four hundred Foot and fiftie Hors. The Toledians beeing joined with those of Madrid they marched together to a place called Espinar where John Bravo Captain of the Segovians came forth with his men to receiv them They made all together two thousand Foot and one hundred and fiftie Horse after some Conference they agreed all three to go to Santa Maria de Nieva where Ronquillo was quartered and do as much mischief as they could whil'st those of Salamanca and other places might join and come to the succor of Segovia But Ronquillo and his Captains persevering in their design although they went out into the field seeming to incounter the Enemie would not ingage in Battle but marched soberly and in good order another waie the Cardinal hearing of the setting forth and joining of these Captains determined to increas the strength of his own forces and make a formal Camp able to suppress and subdue the Contrarie Partie To this effect hee sent to Antonio de Fonseca Captain General of the Kingdom that vvith the King's standing forces and with all the rest hee could make of Foot and Hors hee should go help Ronquillo and of that Artillerie which was at Medina del Campo hee should take what hee thought fitting Moreover hee sent to command Râ—nquillo that by no means hee should give those Captains battle but should first join with Antonio de Fonseca for the better effecting thereof Fonseca's March could not bee kept so private but Valladolid where the Order was made perceived it Whereupon although they were cried up for their Loialtie they began to mutinie much more then before they had done which was no slight matter neither for they made private meetings every daie Yet notwithstanding the Commotions of Valladolid Antonio de Fonseca cunningly got out of the Citie and marched with all the Hors and Foot hee could rais to Arevalo where Ronquillo and the Captains that were with him met him with theirs and concluded of their journie to Medina Segovia having notice of their march and knowing their intention which was to bring Artillerie thence for their hurt and dammage immediately dispatched an Express to Medina with a Letter to this effect That by no means they should condescend to deliver the Artillerie to Fonseca notwithstanding the persuasions of the Bishop of Burgos his brother who had been long there solliciting and pressing them to it alleging how unjust a thing it were since Segovia sent their Clothes to inrich the Fairs of Medina that Medina should send Cannons to batter and beat down the walls of Segovia urging moreover that if they did so it would bee the utter ruine of Segovia and Medina would suffer likewise in their Fall And in the Close they desired Medina to hear and give full credit to their Messenger who should impart som things to them which they thought not fit to write SECT LII UPon receit of this Letter those of Medina resolved not to deliver the Artillerie Antonio de Fonseca with the best part of those men that were at Arevalo marched thence on Tuesdaâ—e morning the 21. of Angust towards Medina with intention to take the Artillerie away by force in case they refused to deliver it as already they had upon Ronquillo's demand They beeing advertised by the Letter from Segovia and other parts of these preparations against them put on a resolution to stand out and not deliver the Artillerie Antonio de Fonseca having friends within the Town besides the Corregidor himself Gutiere Quijada beeing well inclined to the deliverie thereof began first to treat fairely with them shewing them the Orders and Power hee had to that effect But the Towns-men replied that they kept the Artillerie for and in the name of the King and that they saw no reason they had to deliver it but rather to keep it in defence of their Town and people Yet to do his Majestie service they were willing to deliver some of it if need required upon condition that they themselvs might go with it and bring it back againe from this contention they grew to higher language thence to blows and planting their ordnance at everie street's end great multitudes of people presently flocked thither all in armes Antonio de Fonseca seeing this commanded his men to storm the Town the Towns-men killed some of his men with cannon shott and some of theirs were likewise killed defending the entrance of the Town Antonio de Fonseca thought to catch them with a wile not intending any such mischief as fell out
which was thus hee privately commanded certain fire-bals of pitch to bee made and flung into St Francis street thinking that the people would presently run all thither to quench the fire and quit the gates by which meanes hee might enter and seize upon the Artillerie but it succeeded not according to his exspectation for the fire began to rage exceedingly in so much that St Francis street and the linnen draperie was quite through of a flame yet the inhabitants shewed so much courage that although their houses goods and children were burning before their eyes they would not depart from the Artillerie fighting with Antonio de Fonseca and his men until they had driven them quite from the Town Fonseca was very angrie and ashamed that hee could not effect his intention and no less grieved for the great harm and damage the fire had done which hee intended not The Monasterie of St Francis was burnt to the ground with all the rich ornaments and librarie besides great store of Monie Cloath Silks Clothes of Gold and Silver and other rich commodities which divers Genua and Segovia Merchants had layed up there all consumed to ashes And nine hundred houses more in whâ—ch not so much as one bed was preserved It was a lamentable thing to see how the poor people women and children went crying and groaning up and down the streets having no hous left to go into nor any thing to cover theiâ— nakedness calling upon God for justice against Fonseca In this sad condition remained Medina more inflamed with the fire of wrath in their hearts then their houses were with the bals of pitch The Corregidor durst not stay becaus hee had been with Fonseca Whereupon the people began to call an Assemblie of the Commonaltie and took the same form of government as the other Cities did They wrote forthwith to Iohn de Padilla and the other Captains declaring their miseries and imploring their assistance to revenge their losses upon those that had sided with Fonseca against them and their chiefest spleen was against the Town of Arevalo becaus Fonseca had carried his men thence Arevalo feared as much from those of Segovia and in it self there were partialities and sidings thereupon som taking the Commoners part others the Contrarie Medina wrote likewise to the other Cities imparting to them their calamities Segovia answered their Letters expressing manie thanks for their defending so couragiously the Artillerie and exceeding sorrow for the great losses they had susteined SECT LIII ADriano the Cardinal of Tortosa beeing a holie man was grieved to the soul at the disaster of Medina and in excuse of himself hee wrote a Letter to them expressing his sorrow in good and Saint-like tearms Whereunto they returned an answer giving his Eminence thanks for his resentment of their miseries and making a large relation of the cruelties of Fonseca and his Souldiers besides the great losses they had susteined by fire which they esteemed to bee of so high value that they doubted the King's whole Revenue for som years would not bee enough to make them reparation And at last they desired his Eminence would bee pleased to condemned and declare for Traitors and disturbers of the Kingdom Antonio de Fonseca Gutiere Quijada and that bloodie robber as they called him Iohn de Avila and disband their men with Command that everie one should repair to their own home and not burn the houses of his Majestie 's faithful Subjects for under colour of serving the King they did him great disservice therein Finis Libri Secundi THE CIVIL WARS OF SPAIN THE THIRD BOOK SECT I. ANger supported on the shouldiers of Autoritie is like lightning from heaven Antonio de Fonseca Captain General of the Kingdom was inraged beyond the measure of discretion against Medina Hee burned like a flash of lightning their houses and their goods but hee incensed their hearts and wills much more like men in despair to commit a thousand absurdities And to revenge the furie of his passion all the people of the Town took Arms dispersed Letters of their grievances through the whole Kingdom desiring vengeance and hee that could do most mischief was held the bravest fellow Amongst these broils and mischiefs there was one particularly noted for his courage and boldness a Cloth-worker by trade his name was Bobadilla a mean fellow dull but cruel of disposition hee was followed as their Captain by divers that were undone and therefore grown furiously passionate First hee fell upon Gil Nieto who had been his Master cutting and slashing till hee had killed him then hee killed a Book-seller called Tellez next a Regidor of the Town called Lope de Vera. And so hee and his Associats served all those whom they knew or did but imagine had anie hand in Fonseca's coming to demand the Artillerie or had consented to the delivering of it They pluckt down the houses which Don Rodrigo Mexia had there and committed divers other cruâ—lties and outrages This active audaciousness of Bobadilla got him very much credit and esteem amongst the people and hee Lorded it and took so much upon him that from that time forwards nothing was done but what hâ—e would so hee commanded and governed as Head of the people Hee presently took a great hous set Porters at his Gates and gave himself the style of Lord. Such Heads as this Cloth-worker was had the Commonalties in other places as Villoria a skinner in Salamanca and Antonio Casado in Segovia and others such like who beeing bold and without honor or shame were followed and esteemed by the common and meaner sort And indeed divers Gentlemen were to blame herein who did very much harm som by kindling and fomenting the fire secretly others publickly not with design to do the King anie disservice but by reason of parties and factions amongst themselvs som siding with the Commonaltie purposely to destroie others so that it was more their particular factions and seditions then their disobedience to his Majestie that occasioned all these disorders Medina soon after this disaster sent Letters to Valladolid conteining a most pitiful relation of their unfortunate and deplorable condition with high exclamations against the crueltie of Antonio de Fonseca and Ronquillo SECT II. THe Emperor wrote to Valladolid giving them thanks that they had preserved Peace and quietness in that Citie and for the good entertainment they had given in his absence to the Cardinal his Governor and those of his Council Whereunto they returned an Answer the 8th Iulie 1520 with manie acknowledgments of his favor praising God that hee had given them such a Prince and Emperor who they hoped should conquer the Holie Land and bee a great Defendor of the Church as the Emperors and Kings his forefathers had been And moreover they beseeched with all humilitie his Sacred Majestie forasmuch as that Citie had not onely shewed their Loialtie in serving with their Arms the Kings his Ancestors as Don Alonso the Eleventh Don
generous spirit and the sens of Loialtie which was Hereditarie to that noble familie I do not finde that any of the Grandees of Castilla were very forward to break the ice in this undertaking though afterwards like honest men they all set their helping hands The Lord High Constable at first prudently feared the Event and was loth to engage himself in so perillous an enterprise hazarding no less then his life and whole estate in endeavouring to oppose so manie especially without arms monie or order from the Emperor For the enemies were very manie and powerful no less then thirteen of the most considerable Cities of Castilla with divers other Towns and Villages beeing declared for the Commonaltie besides that many Gentlemen of qualitie great estates much animated against the Emperor and his Ministers had involved themselvs in the same Interest It vvas an attempt of so much consideration and danger that the other Grandees thought it the best vvay seeing they vvere not able to do otherwise to sit still and look on and manie of them advised the Lord High Constable to do the like But his Ladie Donia Maria de Tovar onely daughter and heir to Don Luis de Tovar Marquis of Berlanga beeing one of the discreetest and most magnanimous Ladies in all Spain of her time was not of the opinion of those that gave her husband that Counsel but she never ceased representing to him the advancement of his Majestie 's service and that for the good of the Kingdom hee ought to resist and suppress the exorbitances of the insulting Commoners although hee put himself to the hazard of losing both life and fortune in regard hee bare the Office of Lord High Constable Captain General and the second person of the Kingdom next his Majestie The Dutchess beeing at her own hous at Haro wrote to the Lord High Constable her husband this ensuing Letter which is worthie to bee Chronicled The Dutchesse's letter to the Lord high Constable YOur Letter I received by Pedro de Velasco And my opinion is since his Majestie from the place where hee is doth what hee can to give you his power and Revenue here That you determine to preserv it For if hee lose his right no wonder if you and all those that have done what they were obliged to do bee dispossest of your's But if you maintain his interest you and his other Servants will bee all secured That which in my judgment your Lordship and the Lord Admiral are now to do is to raise men and monie with all possible expedition and trie your fortunes I write to Pedro de Melgosa to use all means and shifts that may bee to procure you monie The greater the danger more glorious is the attempt Trust in our Lord God for since herein you doe both him and the King service bee confident hee will bee favourable and give a blessing to your indeavors So becaus I intend to write more at large to you by the Treasurer I rest praying God to preserv your Lordship's most Illustrious person with more tenderness then I wish to my self From Haro this 19th of June 1520. Finis Libri Tertii THE CIVIL WARS OF SPAIN THE FOURTH BOOK SECT I. THere is no Republick or Change of Government whatsoëver so barbarous as to bee ignorant how important and necessarie a Cement Concord is to make it long subsist Wherefore those of the Iunta dreading and not without caus the dangeâ— wherein they stood desired the Citie of Valladolid to agree and bee all of one heart for the high consequence of the matter wherein they were ingaged did require it promising them that within fevv daies they should see the Ordinances which with incessant labor and watching the Holie Iunta had agreed to publish and dispers through the whole Kingdom whereby they hoped to make that Republick flourish as one of the most happie and best governed in the whole world The people were big with glorious hopes of injoying a second golden Age and those of the Iunta were so well pleased with the thanks and applaus of the People that their Ordinances beeing finished they resolved to send them to the Emperor by two Gentlemen and a Frier not doubting but therefore his Majestie would confer som honorable dignities upon them But what these were I will not mention onely I may say that hee was so incensed at their message that they held it a great mercie they escaped with their lives They wrote moreover a kinde of requisitorie letter for the Cities and Towns where their Embassadors were to pass and therein they inclosed their Letters to the Emperor with the Articles and Ordinances which in the name of the Kingdom they desired his Majestie to confirm and though already I have declared the substance thereof I will set them down in the same form they sent them that the curious and patient may read and see the pretensions of the Commonalties and what the Kingdom demanded Let every one judg what reason they had for my own part I will neither excuse nor condemn them but onely relate faithfully the truth which is as much as can bee required of mee considering my office In their Letters to the Emperor they give his Majâ—stie an account of all the troubles and insurrections of the Kingdom which they told him proceeded from the evil Counsel which his Majestie entertained about his Roial Person who for their disordinate Covetousness private passions and interests besides other sinister ends they said might more properly bee styled the Deceivers Cheaters and Enemies of his Majestie 's Kingdoms and the publick good thereof then Counsellors such as they ought to bee For they were the occasion that the Kingdom of Castilla which abounded in riches and all other things that could bee required of the most opulent and flourishing Kingdoms of the World was now beecom the poorest and most miserable of all the neighboring Kingdoms Which did not onely concern the publick but was also particularly prejudicial to his Majestie 's Roial Patrimonie and which was insufferable That the desolation of his Majestie 's Kingdoms and the exhausting of his treasure to his own exceeding inconvenience and the ruine of his subjects was to no other purpose then to enrich his evil Counsellors and divers other persons strangers who bare no affection to his Majestie nor had any zeal to advance his service or the publick good but to build their own fortunes Next they complained that the Commissioners of several Cities who desired his Majestie in the name of the Kingdom at Santjago and the Groyn not to demand any Subsidies were by his Counsel sentenced rather worthie of punishment then audience and order given that they should not bee admitted to sit in Parlament but bee confined and banished som of them to the remotest parts of the Kingdom That since his Majestie 's departure out of the Kingdom the Cardinal with the President and rest of the Council had given Commissions to Antonio de Fonseca
and the Alcalde Ronquillo to sack and make desolate the Citie of Segovia notwithstanding they sent to excuse and submit themselvs to the Council and that becaus of their so rigorous proceeding they sent to Toledo and other Cities for assistance who before they raised any forces to succour them desired the Cardinal and Council by waie of Petition to deal more favorably with those of Segovia but receiving no satisfactorie answer they sent an Armie into the field They aggravated the crueltie of Antonio de Fonseca in burning Medina whereby the Town was endammaged above two millions of Ducates and which occasioned the rising of divers other places They declared how the Queen had commanded the Iunta to remove from Avila to Tordesillas That they had undertaken the care of the Queen's person and put the Marquis of Denia and his Ladie from her holding them destructive to the advancement of the publick good They alleged reasons for dissolving the Council which his Majestie had settled before his departure And why they paied their Armie out of his Majestieâ—s Revenues At last they desired his Majestie would bee pleased to grant and confirm all those Articles which their Embassadors should present him from the Kingdom the intent and scope of them beeing meerly for his good and the peaceable Government by regulating and repairing the miseries and great dammages that had been occasioned through the evil Counsel of those which thitherto had abused and mis-led his Majestâ—e urging moreover that for the benefit of the Publick and the improving of his Roial Patrimonie it was necessarie and expedient that until such time as his Majestie should appoint other persons of better temper and uprighter intentions to reside in his High Council then the former were his Majestie should give power to those Cities and Towns which had Vote in Parlament to provide and see to the Administration of Justice and other things wherein those of his Council ought to have been more circumspect and moderate And also that hee would revoke the Commissions and Autoritie which hee had sent to the then ruling Governors becaus they were men whom the Kingdom could not endure Besides this letter to the Emperor they sent another to those of the Citie where hee then was desiring them to join with them in supplication to his Majestie and procure his consent and approbation of all the Kingdom 's desires in regard they tended to his Majestie 's service the publick good of the Kingdom the increasing of his Roial Patrimonie and were exceedingly conducing to a peaceable and quiet government Dated from Tordesillas the 20th of October 1520. Under the the Letter was written I Lope de Pallares Secretarie of the Parlament and Iunta of the Kingdom caused this to bee written by their Command SECT II. ARTICLES Of The KINGDOM DON CARLOS and DONIA IUANA c. To our Infantes well-beloved Children Brothers and Dukes Greeting Know yee that for the remedying and repairing the great dammages and exorbitancies which have been and are in our Kingdoms of Castilla and Leon by reason of the former evil Counsel and Government of our said Kingdoms The Commissioners or Procuradores of those Cities and Towns that have Vote in Parlament are assembled as becometh our Loial Subjects and Servants with zeal to our servicâ— and the publick good of our Kingdoms fulfilling that which the Laws of our Kingdoms oblige them to do And by special Command from us the Queen are com to Tordesillas to take care and provide for the reparation and remedie of the said dammages and exorbitancies To which effect they have made and ordeined certain Articles which are conducing and expedient for our service the good Government of the Kingdom and the increasing of the Revenue and Partrimonie Roial The Tenor whereof is as followeth MOST HIGH AND MIGHTIE CATHOLICK PRINCES QUEEN AND KING OUR SOVEREIGNS That which the Cities Towns Villages Commonalties and Natives of your Kingdom of Castilla and Leon do desires your Majesties will bee pleased to grant for a perpetual Law is here ensuing That which concern's his MAIESTIES ROIAL PERSON FIrst These Kingdoms humblie supplicate your Majestie will bee pleased speedily to return into these Kingdoms and beeing com to remain ruling and governing them For staying here your Majestie may give Laws and Command over the whole World as your Predecessors have done And nothing of all that which they desire of your Majestie will bee so pleasing to these Kingdoms although you should grant them much more for they hope your Majestie will condescend to all these things then your speedie coming to them For it is not the custom of Castilla to bee without their King neither can they bâ—e governed by others in peace and quiet which is very necessarie for your Royal service Item These Kingdoms humbly beseech your Majestie at your return to bee pleased to marrie it beeing necessarie for the universal good of these Kingdoms that there should bee some issue to succeed your Royal Person as they desire your Majestie 's age now requiring it And that you would bee pleased to take a wife according to the Vote and good lâ—king of these your Kingdoms for so shee shall bee of some Countrie in amitie with them as is most convenient for your service and the contentment of your Royal Person That which concern's the Royal Familie THat our Ladie and Sovereign the Queen's Royal hous bee put in such order and estate as is becoming her Royal Person and the honor of these Kingdoms That the Officers about her bee persons of qualitie That her hous bee sufficiently provided of all thing befitting her dignitie for so her Highnâ—ss will bee well pleased with these Kingdoms and they obliged Item That his Majestie would bee pleased at his return into these Kingdoms to bring neither Flemings French nor other strangers whatsoëver to bear any Office in his Royal Familie But that hee would confer all such Offices upon Natives of these Kingdoms there beeing multitudes of able and sufficient persons who will serv his Majestie with much affection and loyaltie and that his heirs and successors for ever should continue the like order Item That neither his Majestie nor his successors bring in or entertain any forreign souldiers for the guard of their Persons or defens of their Kingdoms in regard there are war-like and courageous men enough amongst the Natives not onely to defend their own Countrie but to conquer others as they had done heretofore Item That his Majestie beeing in these Kingdoms and having none but Natives about him would bee pleased to order his Familie in all respects as Don Fernando his grandfather and Donia Isabel his Queen and the rest of the Catholick King 's his Progenitors of glorious memorie had done before him For in so doing hee would save a number of unnecessarie expences which were made in his table and houshold and this would palpably appear for his Majestie will find that in the dishes for his own table and
those that are made for the fâ—vorites and great persons of his familie is daiely spent one hundred and fiftie thousand Maravediz and that the table-expences of Don Fernando the King and Donia Isabel who were excellent and powerfull Princes besides the Prince Don Iohn whom God receiv in his glorie and the Infantes with a multitude of attendants amounted to no more then twelv or fifteen thousand Maravediz per diem And hence proceed's his Majestie 's wants and the impoverishing of the People and Commonalties by â—ubsidies and other taxes imposed upon them Item In regard it hath been and is a very excessive charge to allow wages to such as are not domestick's That hence-foâ—wards there bee no Salaries given to any Courtier 's wives or children or any other persons whatsoëver noâ— in immediate service or shortly to bee entertained and admitted But if any man should die in his Majestie 's service in satisfaction or equivalence thereof hee might allow a pension or stipend to the wife or children of the deceased although they bee not of age to serv. Item In regard after the most â—llustrious Queen our Ladie Donia Isabel his Majestie 's Grandmother was taken with the sickness whereof shee died divers superfluous offices were crept into the Royal Familie which never were before That whosoëver injoyed any such office or offices might forthwith bee discarded and bee allowed no Salarie And all such superfluous expences bee imployed for necessarie uses more conducing to his Majestie 's service Item That in his Majestie 's houshold no Grandee might have any office concerning the Revenue or Royal Patrimonie and if any enjoy any such office at present that it maie bee taken from them For this is very inconvenient and maie greatly impaire the said Patrimonie and Royal Revenue Item That during his Majestie 's absence from these Kingdoms his houshold officers and other persons who have relation or attendance upon his Majestie bee payed out of the Royal Revenue Concerning GOVERNORS THat In regard in his Majestie 's absence it is requisite to have one or more Governors in the Kingdom such Governor or Governors might bee Natives of the Kingdoms of Castilla and Leon appointed and chosen with consent of the Kingdoms and that with their beeing Natives may concur the other qualities which by the Law established by the King Don Alonso called Ley de La Partida is required That the said Law may bee observed and fulfilled to perpetuitie As also the Order of Election and Provision with the Conditions which dispose in what case a Governor or Governors are to bee chosen as in respect of minoritie absence or whatsoëver other occasion Item that the Provisions Orders or Commissions which his Majestie had given in those Kingdoms contrarie to the above specified form might be declared void and that hee would command those and every of those Governors whom hee had autorized to forbear the execution of that office Item that the Governor or Governors beeing constituted in the abovesaid manner and form may bee invested with power to confer dignities offices administration of Justice and to redress grievances And this not onely in the Kingdoms of Castilla but also in the Isles and firm land alreadie discovered or to bee discovered and that they provide them within ten daies That they may present Dignities and places Vacant and do as much therein as the King himself in person but not give any gâ—ft or gratuitie out of the Royal Patrimonie nor any tâ—ing thereunto belonging Concerning BILLETS THe lodging by Billets which is practised no where neither amongst Infidels nor Christians but in this Kingdom beeing a thing most exorbitant and whence have proceeded and do proceed inconveniences and dammages so excessive that a small volume cannot contain them and his Majestie 's subjects suffer thereby not a little aswell in their honors and lives as in their estates That for ever henceforth they may bee freed from so abominable and prejudicial a servitude And that in these Kingdoms no such Billets bee given in any kinde neither by the King 's themselvs nor any Lords Noblemen or Prelates whatsoëver and in case any should bee given That the People may not bee obliged to accept of them unless with their own conâ—ents they paying for their lodgings as shall bee agreed upon with the owners or inhabitants of the houses whither such Billets shall bee brought or directed But in his Majestie 's progresses That lodging and linnen should bee allowed Gratìs for those of his houshold and Court so that hee exceed not the term of six daies in one place which expired they should paie for their lodging according to the ordinarie rate and custom Likewise That the Souldiers of the Guard should have free quarter after the usuall manner Item That their Majestie 's the King's Princes and Infantes his predecessors had given and allotted convenient lodgings for their Royal Persons and Familie and to the number of seventie but no more for the officers which were of necessitie to bee neer the Palace were appointed in the same Citie or Town where the Court was and in such houses as the Council Iustice and Regidores of the said place should finde convenient and suitable to the conditions and qualitie of the persons to bee lodged and the said seventie lodgings to bee paid according as the said Council Iustice and Regidores should rate or tax them And that for paiment hereof all the Cities Towns Villages or Burrougsh should contribute without exâ—mption according to the cessment made by the said Council Iustice and Regidores without troubling or asking leav of his Majestie insomuch that under colour thereof there should bee no more cessed or gathered then what the rent of the said lodgings would amount to under penaltie of the Law Item That these lodgings which are allowed for his Majestie 's familie are not intended for those of the Council for the Alcaldes of his hous and Court nor the Alguaziles or other Judges or Officers whatsoëver nor the High Treasurers or any such like for these are to paie for their lodgings by the order and form before mentioned Item That his Majestie or the Kings or Princes his Successors might not give anie Billets in general or particular or other Command whatsoëver that the Inhabitants of such Cities Towns or Villages should furnish lodgings contrarie to their own wills and consents And that in case any such Billet general or particular by waie of intreatie or command should bee given it might bee received with respect but not fulfilled neither the Owners or Inhabitants of the said houses bee obliged to accommodate the bearers thereof Coâ—cerning Customs Taxes the Revenues Roial Pole-monie and Fee farms THat the Customs and Thirds which belong to the Crown may bee reduced to the same number and quantitie as they were instituted by the Catholick King Don Fernando and Donia Isabel Anno 1494. That at the same rates and value all the Cities Towns Villages with their several Lordships and
anie other publick Office Item that his Majestie discard and put away the Officers of his Roial Familie and Kingdom as Treasurers and their substitutes and all others whosoëver have behaved themselvs amiss in their offices to his Majesties great disservice the universal dammage of these Kingdoms who having as when they first entred into their Offices little or nothing of their own patrimonies and their profits much exceeding their expences have raised themselvs vaste Estates to the prejudice aswel of the publick good of the Kingdoms and the Natives thereof as the impairing and diminishing of the Roial Patrimonie Item That the offices of his Majestie 's Royal familie and the Kingdom those of the Royal Courts and the Alcaldes Fiscales or Attournies thereof Corregimientos Assistencias Alguazilagos Regimientos Veyntiquatrias Escrivanias of the Audiencias and Council and whatsoever other offices of the Cities Towns and Places of the Kingdoms which are at their Majesties and their successors disposal now and from this time forwards may never bee fold or given for monie or bestowed as Mercedes upon any who beeing unfit to execute the said offices may make sale of them in regard the sale of them is very detestable and forbidden by the Common Laws and rights of the Kingdoms for the great dammages and prejudices which have accrewed thereby to the good of the Publick And that the said offiâ—es may bee freely given and bestowed upon persons of sufficient parts and abilities to perform and execute them Item Tâ—at if the said offices or any of them bee provided otherwise or bestowed contrarie to the tenour and form mentioned in the precedent Article That they may bee held as vacant and whosoever is so placed in them may bee discarded And their Majestâ—e's and successors provide and bestow them as above said Item That the officers which are to serv in the Court or in any the Cities or Towns of these Kingdoms aswell of the Iuzgados as of the Veintequarto Escrivanias and other such like offices may not possess more then one office And if they bee such as may bee supplied by Substitutes or â—ievtenants that these may bee paied by the principal officers And that their Majesties or successors grant no stipend or Salarie to the said Substitutes nor the Principals consent thereunto under pain of losing their offices and others to bee put into their places Item as touching the Confirmations of the priviledges of the Right or Custom called Maravediz de Iuro That no confirmation of the said Priviledges may bee required and that their Majesties give Command to the officers who have raised great summs thereby to restore the said monie to the persons of whom they received it and that speedily and freely without any trouble or suit Item that those of the Offices Roial as well High Treasurers as those of the Cruzadas Compositions or the Islands and Continent of the Indieâ— may bee obliged to certifie and declare unto their Majesties and their Successors whatsoever debts remain conceâ—led and forgotten and all other things in the said Offices appertaining to the Roial Patrimonie but that they give no intelligence thereof to anie particular or private persons lest they should beg them under pain of paying twice as much into the Exchequer or Roial Patrimonie and of beeing deprived of the said Offices and made incapable not onely of them but all others Item that those who have had or have anie Office Roial or charge of the Registers of the Roial Revenues may not have the said Remainders of the farming thereof and in case anie have made use of them that hee or they bee obliged to paie the double of what hee hath received thereof into their Majesties â—xchequer and lose their Offices with the Salaries and benefits thereunto belonging Item that all those who have bought anie Offices since the deceas of the Catholick King Don Fernando which could not bee sold according to tâ—e Laws of the Land and the Contents of the preceding Articles may not execute the said Offices under pain of death and loss of good and their Majesties may provide and dispose them to other able and sufficient persons Concerning Residencia's THat all those Officers who had charge of his Majesties Estate in the time of the Catholick King Don Fernando his Grandfather may bee brought to an account for what they did in their Offices and Charges concerning his Majesties Estate aâ—d the Roial patrimonie which passed through their hands and that they produce these accounts before such persons as shall bee nominated and appointed by his Majestie and the Kingdom That his Majestie appoint and nominate these said persons within thirtie daies after these Articles and Laws bee granted by their Majesties and in case his Majestie doth not nominate anie within the said term of thirtie daies that then those Accounts may bee produced before such persons as the Kingdoms shall appoint who may receiv them for their Majesties Exchequer and condemn and laie penalties upon those whom they finde guiltie according to equitie and the Laws of the Kingdoms Item that the like Account bee also given by the Treasurers and other Officers whosoever have been encharged heretofore with the Cruzadas Bulls and Compositions or with the Gold and Pearls brought from the â—slands and Continent of the Indies and the same order to bee observed therein as is above-specified Item that those of the Council and the Officers of his Majesties Familie and Court who have been or are to bee dismissed may make their Residencia or render their accounts before the Persons mentioned in the preceding Arcicles Item that the said Officers bee thus called to account becaus they have given advise and notice of manie things which have been begged and given as Mercedes to the great Prejudice of the Roial Patrimonie which advices and informations they gave either to enjoie a share thereof themselvs or to purchase them wholly or to procure others to buie or farm them by which means for very small matters they have gained vaste sums of monie Therefore in regard this hath been a great dammage and prejudice to the Roial Patrimonie their Majesties may ratifie and allow the above mentioned persons to take the said Accounts and Residencia's And whatsoever shall bee thus discovered by them that it may all accrew to their Majesties Exchequer for if they had rightly and truly performed their Offices they ought to have given their Majesties those Informations and not to private persons Concerning Prelates and other Particulars THat the Bishopricks Archbishopricks Dignities Canonicates other Ecclesiastical preferments whatsoever or the pensions thereof may not bee conferred upon anie â—trangers but upon the Natives and Inhabitants of these Kingdoms That if anie were disposed of contrarie to the tenour hereof his Majestie may bee pleased by Apostolical Autoritie to order that they may bee resigned and conferred upon Natives of these Kingdoms satisfaction beeing given to those that are dispossessed of them to their full value in
other rents in their own Countries Item in regard his Majestie had given away the Archbishoprick of Toledo before hee was received and sworn King in the Parlament at Valladolid That his Majestie may make a new presentation of the said Archbishoprick and confer it upon a Native and Inhabitant of the Kingdom of Castilla who may deserv it beeing a person of learning and conscience answerable a Divine or Civil Lawyer for the bestowing it on the Nephew of Monsieur de Xeures contrarie to the Laws of the Kingdom hath been and is very prejudicial to the Kingdom and the said Dignitie hee beeing under age and absent and although hee were a Native of the Kingdom it was not fit nor just to give it him That the Revenue of the said Dignitie was transported out of the kingdom wherewith if hee were a Native and resident in the said dignitie hee might entertain manie Nobles and Gentlemen in his hous as hath been the custom formerly And if his Maâ—estie would bee pleased to graâ—ifie the said Nephew of Monsieur de Xeures with som other lands in his own Countrie It might very well bee done Item that all Letters of Naturalization whatsoever that have formerly been given may bee revoked and never anie granted hereafter And if anie should bee granted although with derogatorie clauses and by an absolute power that they may bee respectively received but not fulfilled That there may bee no penaltie for the non-performance of anie such supplication and whosoever should bee strict therein may bee apprehended and severely punished by the Justices of the kingdom where hee was taken Item that the Judges Notaries and other Officers of the Ecclesiastical Courts may not have or demand more fees then those of the Secular Courts according to the â—tatutes of the kingdoms And if in anie case the Apostolical Autoritie bee requisite their Majesties may bee pleased to send to their Embâ—ssador to procure it from his Holiness and send it Item that the Archbishops Bâ—shops and Prelates of the kingdoms may reside in their own Diocess the greatest part of tâ—e year whereoâ— if they fail that they may lose proportionably a paâ—t of their fruits to bee emploied for the building or repairing of their Churches for by reason of their beeing absent the Divine Service is not performed as it ought to bee That his Maâ—estie send for a Bull to this effâ—ct from his Holiness within the space of one year And if his Majestie did not send for it within the said term that the kingdom might have power to demand it and take by his Autoritie out of the fruits of the said dignities as much as would diffraie the charges of the Journie and sollicitation to procure it Item forasmuch as his Holiness at his Majesties râ—quest had sent a Licence to the Archbishop of Granada purposing that whosoever should have his said power although secular persons might judg and give sentence in som cases against Priests in criminal matters That his Majestie would bee pleased to caus the said Licence to bee enrolled within six months and send a Copie thereof into these kingdom to excuse and avoid the scandals which arise thereby Concerning Regidores THat henceforwards their Majesties or their Successors never give or grant anie Licence to the Regidores Veyntiquatros Iurados and other Officers of the Council of Cities Towns or Villages of these kingdoms to live with or have anie dependance upon Noble-men That all Licences to this effect whatsoever granted in former times may bee revoked That the Laws of the Kingdoms may bee herein observed and executed That whosoever shall procure or make use of anie such Licence may bee deprived of his office And that their Majesties dispose thereof as beeing vacant but that hee or his children may never re-injoy it Item That the Regidores of the Cities and Towns of these Kingdoms who are Lawyers may not execute the office of Advocates nor plead in the said Cities or Towns but for them and their Commonalties Alienation of Goods or Lands from the Royal Crown THat his Majestie command effectually to restore the Towns Villages Forts Jurisdictions Revenues and all other Rights whatsoever to the Cities and Towns of his Royal Crown which they had formerly in their possession and which the most illustrious Queen Donia â—sabel our Ladie commanded in her will to bee restored And to the end this may bee effected and the wills of the Catholick King Don Fernando and his Queen Donia Isabel may bee fulfilled That executors may bee appointed with sufficient power to perform the same within six months without further delaie Item to the end this may remedied henceforwards That their Majesties or Successors for no reason or caus neither in paiment or satisfaction of services or anie other waies whatsoever may alienate anie thing from the Royal Crown or Patrimonie and in case anie alienation bee made that it may bee restored Concerning Forts and Alcaydias or Governments THat the Forts and Alcaydias of the strong holds of these Kingdoms may not bee given to anie forreiners but intrusted to the Natives and Inhabitants of these Kingdoms although they may produce letters of naturalization And that the same order bee observed herein as in the Dignities and Ecclesiastical preferments Item That his Majestie take away all command or governments whatsoever of Castles and Forts possessed by strangers or transferred by them for monie to anie natives of these Kingdoms Item that Antonio de Fonseca may bee dispossessed of the offices and command hee hath in these Kingdoms in regard of the great mischiefs and scandals which they suffer by his occasion Item that the Forts and Alcaydias may not bee given to anie Noble-men or persons of high birth and qualitie And that the Alcaydes or Commanders thereof may take the oath of fealtie to his Majestie and give securitie to the Cities and Towns where they are that by or from the said Forts they shall receiv no dammage or prejudice Item that his Majestie give order forthwith and every two years from this time forwards to visite and repair as occasion doth require the Forts and places of strength upon the frontiers of these Kingdoms Concerning Cloath THat the Cloath that is imported from other Countries may bee of the same size and goodness as those which are wrought in these Kingdoms according as it is ordered by the Statutes and Act of Parlament That the said Act may bee executed aswell upon forreign Clothes as those which are made in these Kingdoms That what deferring of the time of the Act or Licences soëver have been granted to sell and disperse them in these Kingdoms may bee revoked and declared void That hereafter no such Licences bee granted but in case there bee that they may not bee fulfilled And that without stopping or arresting them the Justices may proceed according to the Act under pain of losing their offices and paying one hundred thousand Maravediz towards the reparations and charitable uses of the Citie
the King and Commonaltie live and evil Counsel perish The two hundred Lanciers disorderly flight to Medina alarmed the Cavaliers who having put their Armie in good order marched into the field with intent to rout the Bishop with his five thousand men but hee valued them not though they were numerous and men of eminent qualities for hee knew Don Pedro Giron was so neer with the Rere-guard and so Vigilant that hee would bee readie to back and assist him if occasion should require it Thus the two Armies faced one another each watching an opportunitie to get the advantage of their enemies and so they remained both drawn up in Batalia one whole daie after which the Cavaliers retreated to Tordehumos and the Iunta's Armie to Villabraxima both neer Rioseco The four hundred Priests which had left their Altars in Imitation of the Bishop of Zamora to sacrifice their bloods in this Holie enterprise remained at Tordesillas for the guard of the Town and of the Iunta who out of respect to their Sacerdotal Dignities would not permit them to march amongst the rabble of the Common Souldiers Besides these Priests remained two other Companies of Foot at Tordesillas and some hors commanded by Hernando de Porras Commissioner of Zamora Gomez de Avila and others Three whole daies Don Pedro Giron kept his Armie in order offering to give the Cavaliers Battle but they would not and indeed it had been madness for them to ingage beeing far inferior in num ber and not so well armed although they were better men and of higher courages then the Common People yet they thought it their securest waie to exspect the Earl of Haro's coming their Captain-General who was reported to bee upon his march thither and besides they were in hopes tâ— obtain the Victorie by some other means without any loss of blood the Lord Admiral having some overtures thereof by private intelligence and dealing with Don Pedro Giron and som other Gentlemen who sided with the CoÌ„moners whom if hee could handsomly have taken off it would have been no hard matter to have routed the Vulgar Pack of Tailors Shoomakers Skinners Curriers such like whereof the rest of their Armiâ— was compos'd But the CoÌ„moners perceiving themselvs much the stronger Partie infested the Cavaliers with such skirmishes and hot alarms both night daie that they could take no rest all the while they staied at Tordehumos And hearing that the Earl of Haro was exspected with more forces they determined to force them to fight before his arrival or at least to gain the reputation of proffering them Battle To this effect having mâ—de a general muster they marched with all their Artillerie in very good order towards Rioseco Sanabria Commissioner of Valladolid rid before with 30 Light Hors to discover the field Don Pedro Lasso de la Vega led the Vantguard of Cuirassiers Don Peâ—ro Maldonado and Francisco Maldonado commanded the Light Horsmen The Bishop of Zamora was Captain of the Vantguard of Foot with him marched Don Iohn de Mendoça Captain of Valladolid son to the Cardinal Don Pedro Goncalez de Mendoça Don Gonzalo de Guzman Captain of Leon Don Hernando de Ulloa Captain of Toro and others In the bodie marched Don Pedro Giron called Duke of Medina Sidonia with him divers other Captains and Don Iohn de Figueroa brother to the Duke of Arcos who came that same daie to the Armie from Sevilla besides other Commanders The Rear-guard and the Artillerie was committed to the charge of other officers Beeing arrived within Culverine-shot of the Town they made an Halt commanding their Heralds in mean time to approach so near unto the walls that they might bee heard and declare unto the Admiral and Earl of Venavente with the other Grandees and Gentlemen in Medina that the Armie of their Sovereign Ladie the Queen was com thither to execute upon them by her command those penalties which they had incurred by governing the Kingdom without her ordeâ— or consent and for raising and arming men in contempt and to the disservice of her Majestie and therefore they did offer them Battle and did exspect their coming into the field Having sent this message to the Town they remained in the same order almost until Sun-set But the Cavaliers although they were in Arms made no shew at all of Battel or skirmish but persevering in their former resolution let them stand cooling their heels there At last Don Pedro Giron having commanded som of his Cannon to bee discharged against the Town but the bullets never reach't the Walls returned with his Armie into his Quarters losing and neglecting that occasion which proved very prejudicial to his Partie Hee was no sooner gone but the Earl of Haro arrived with his men who had marched as fast as possibly they could thinking to have com time enough to meet Don Pedro for the Earl had intelligence of his defying the Cavaliers in Medina though hee had no great stomach to fight with them All the Nobles and Gentlemen with their Souldiers marched forth to receiv their Captain General with great solemnitie and Militarie order Hee brought with him three hundred Hors-men in compleat Armor four hundred Light-hors-men and two thousand five hundred Foot all choice men and twelv or thirteen field-pieces The same night came likewise to Rioseco Don Francisco de ZunÌ„iga y Avellaneda Earl of Miranda Don Veltran de la Cueva eldest son to the Duke of Alburquerque Don Luys de la Cueva his brother Don Bernardo de Sandoval y Royas Marquis of Denia with his son Don Luys de Sandoval and Don Francisco de QuinÌ„ones Earl of Luna with all the servants tenants and souldiers they could get This supplie encreased the Cavaliers to above one and twentie hundred hors and six thousand foot souldiers besides a good companie of servants Insomuch that hereby they held themselvs stronger then their enemies not that they exceeded them in number but in virtue and courage besides the Caus which they mainteined was more just and warrantable which add's much confidence and boldness to the hearts of men and make's their souls insusceptible of any Panick fears SECT IV. THose of the Iunta seeing fresh forces com daily in to the Cavaliers endeavored to prepossess themselvs of all the Towns and places of strength and sent besides to all those of their league to rais and have in a readiness what men possibly they could notwithstanding they were already much stronger then the other partie Hereupon in Valladolid by order from the Iunta was publickly proclaimed that all the Townsmen from eighteen to threescore years of age should bee trained and bee readie with their Arms to march into the field upon notice from the Captain General of the Armie The President and other Judges of the Chancerie in Valladolid who were Persons of great respect and esteem in the Citie having never before meddled with either side seeing the great disorder amongst the people and fearing further confusion
Whilest they were in a treatie during the eight daies of Truce two things hapned which destroyed all the Impostume or poison wherewith their hearts were swoln bursting out into the disorders which in this Book shall bee related and shall conclude this deplorable Historie Insomuch that the clouds which hung over Castilla threatning a cruel storm were all dissipated in one short and not bloodie battle betwixt the Cavaliers and the Commoners in the plain of Villalar the success whereof struck such remors of Conscience into the people's hearts and the Cities acknowledging their errors returned to their obedience unto him whom God had given them for their King serving and loving him as shall bee â—een hereafter During the fore-mentioned occurrences Francisco de Mercado Corregidor of Medina del Campo with twentie hors which in those daies were called Esquiers and other persons who by command of the Iunta were coming to Valladolid at the pass over the River Duero which is two leagues from Valladolid and one from Simancas they were encountred by a partie of one hundred and fiftie light-hors of the Earl of OnÌ„ate's who were going to seek adventures Four of those of Medina were killed upon the place Francisco de Mercado the Master of the Ordnance and two more were taken prisoners and carried to Simancas Notice hereof beeing given at Valladolid they sent out a strong partie to rescue them but it was too late and the Corregidor of Medina who was immediatly released again hindred them somwhat for meeting with them hee told them They might go back again for the business was nothing But afterwards knowing the truth of the storie they apprehended the Corregidor of Medina for a suspicious person laying to his charge the loss of those men and would have executed him presently but upon more serious consideration they held it best to dissemble and forbear a while lest they should thereby indanger the lives of those that were prisoners at Simancas So they sent first to demand them making great complaints that during the Truce they should commit such acts of hostilitie and break their words with them But they found no amends SECT II. THat which chiefly incensed the mindes of all the Commonaltie was that before the time of the Truce was exspired there was set up they knew not by whom in the market place of Valladolid a Proclamation made and signed by the Governors of the Kingdom wherein they named divers Citizens of Valladolid Toledo Salamanca Madrid Guadalaxara Murcia Segovia Toro Zamora and all the rest of the Commonalties to the number of five hundred persons and som Gentlemen declaring them Traitors Violaters of their faith to God and their King and calling the Bishop and Iohn de Padilla and other Officers of the Commonaltie treacherous enemies to his Majestie This was dispatched in Burgos and proclaimed with great solemnitie before Anton Gallo Chancellor and Secretarie of his Majestie 's Council then at Burgos and divers other persons of note The names of the parties mentioned beeing very many and that importing little or nothing to the substance of the Historie I shall not trouble the Reader therewith SECT III. VAlladolid in revenge of this Proclamation set up against them and the rest of the Commonalties the next daie after it was found in the market place they pasted upon the door of Santa Maria Church which is now the Cathedral a Paper with a direction to the Citie of Valladolid animating them to persevere in their holie purpose and not to bee intimidated for any practices of the Enemies or bee troubled at their reviling them with such opprobrious terms and encouraging all those of the Commonaltie to make all forces possible and march speedily into the field with so numerous an Armie that the sight of them onely should serv to overcom their enemies without fighting by which means they should save the lives of many men which would bee lost if their Armies met with equal strength besides the hazard to which they should expose their Caus. And if they were successful the War would bee at an end peace and plentie vvould encreas the libertie and publick good of the Kingdom ensue and the name of Traitors remain upon the Conquerred vvho never vvould dare to face them again This vvith som other things to the same effect vvas the substance of that Paper vvhich the Common people read vvith great content and applaus crying it up exceedingly and sending copies of it through the vvhole Kingdom SECT IV. Padilla's staying so long at Torrelobaton was very prejudicial to the Commonalties for besides that hee lost many men hee gave the Cavaliers time to recruit and strengthen themselvs notably whereas questionless if hee had fallen upon Tordesillas assoon as hee had taken in Torrelobaton hee had driven them to extraordinarie straits But he remained there hugging himself with that small victorie and the applaus of the people which hee had thereby procured Hee fell to repairing the walls which hee had battered down as if hee intended to make that the seat and residence of his Armie which lasted not long after The Cities of Toro and Zamora sent him som fresh supplies whereof the Cavaliers having notice they sent out a Partie of seven hundred Lances to cut off their waie and their lives too if they could near Pedrosa they met and after a prettie hot skirmish the Cavaliers forced them into the Town where they besieged them close but Iohn de Padilla having notice of his men's distress soon came to reliev them with three thousand Foot and five hundred Hors leaving a sufficient Guard in Torrelobaton whom when the Cavaliers saw with so great force they made their retreat good to Tordesillas And Iohn de Padilla marched with his men to Castromonte another Town of the Lord Admiral 's and having taken it left a Garrison in it and thence returned to Torrelobaton intending to exspect the succor for which hee had sent to the Cities of his Combination in the mean time hee repaired and fortified the Town as I said before lest the Cavaliers of Tordesillas should fall upon him before the forces hee exspected were com to him There hee began to be sensible of his own ill government and of the dammage which hee received by his too great confidence which soon after hee more plainly saw to the loss of his libertie and life For it is a blindeness and imperfection of a man's intellect to thrust himself upon imploiments beyond the reach of his capacitie and having undertaken them to bee râ—miss in the execution of them To bee the occasion of any troubles or disturbance in a Common-wealth is not Justifiable but beeing once ingaged it is an act of prudence for a man to bee vigilant and active in the atchievment of his design SECT V. IT were unjust that the great zeal wherewith the Lord high Admiral of Castilla was moved to reduce the people of that Kingdom which were up in Arms by fair means and
they having intelligence thereof soon railed their siege and returned to Toledo for fear of beeing put to the worst Some daies after Don Alonso de Caravajal brother to Don Diego beeing quartred with some light-hors-men at Maxcareque four leagues from Toledo six hundred Foot and fiftie Hors sallied out of the Citie and taking by-waies that they might not bee discovered by the Enemie's Centinels by break of day they fell upon the Village surprised Don Alonso and his men and carried them all prisoners to Toledo before any of their partie could com to rescue them They did several other such exploits and on the other side the Prior did them what mischief hee could The Governors were much troubled hereat but could not pass with their Armie to Toledo until they had quieted all the old Castilla But that which put them to the greatest plunge was the news of the King of France his Armie advancing into the Kingdom of Navarra It was told them that Padilla's wife with all her kindred in Toledo mainteined and fomented chiefly this humor in the Inhabitants therefore they resolved to send thither and use som means to get her out of the Citie believing that if shee were gon thence the rest might bee more easily reduced To this effect they sent a Captain with a few men disguised who offered himself to go to Toledo and carrie her out of the Citie by fair means or by foul Being arrived at Toledo hee went directly to the Fort where DonÌ„a Maria was desiring to speak with her But the people having some intelligence of his designe presently made an Alarme and came in great multitudes to the Castle where finding the Captain in discours with DonÌ„a Maria they straight laid hands on him and flung him out at the window which beeing high hee broke himself all to peeces with the fall after this they cut the throats of all those that came with him insomuch that the Citie was in greater disorder by this means then before In the moneth of September 1521. the French beeing beaten out of Navarra the Governors were in the minde to march with all their forces into the Kingdom of Toledo and subdue that Citie but they were again diverted by a second intelligence which was brought them that the King of France was come to Bayona vvith a very povverful Armie And Don Antonio de ZunÌ„iga vvho had begun that enterprise beeing desirous to bring his design to perfection drevv all his forces out of their Garrisons and pitcht his Camp before the Citie on the one side the River and Don Iohn de Ribera had his men quartred neer the Citie on the other Don Antonio had with him eight hundred lances which scoured all the Countrie about and had daily smart skermishes with the Toledians vvherein divers fell on both sides In this expedition vvas Don Pedro de Guzman third Son as you have heard to the Duke of Medina Sidonia vvho beeing yong and full of mettle and ambitious to shevv his valor engaged himself too far amongst the enemies by vvhom hee vvas taken close by the Castle of San Sernan so desperately vvounded that the Toledians vvere enforâ—'t to carrie him off the field upon a board hee not beeing able to go any other vvaies DonÌ„a Maria Pacheco beeing at a vvindovv in the Fort obsâ—rved vvith great attention all the passages of the fight and distinguishing Don â—edâ—o from the rest shee vvas much taken vvith him seeing â—im bâ—have himself so gallantly And beeing brought to the Fort shee vvent out to receiv him partly out of respect to Pedro's noble birth but chiefly out of a private inclination vvhich proceeded from the esteem shee made of his valor and animositie Shee treated him vvith much civility and demonstrations of affection commeâ—ding highly his provvess vvhereof her eies vvere vvitnesses and told him that his generositie vvas vvorthie of an eternal mâ—morie onely this was wanting him that his Valor was not emploied in the King's service and in favor of the Citie of Toledo for the Commonalties pretended in all the Cities That whatsoever they did was in order to his Majesties service DonÌ„a Maria would suffer none of Pedro's retinue to staie with him or any bodie els to visit him neither would shee permit him to write to Antonio's Camp But treating him with very great care and complements shee spared nothing that was necessarie for his recoverie his wounds beeing throughly cured shee endeavored to win him to their side promising that if hee would renounce the other partie they would make him General of the forces of Toledo But finding her time lost in persuading him shee resolved to get him exchanged for other prisoners which Don Antonio had taken of the Toledians which was done for the better effecting whereof those of Toledo gave Don Pedro his Parolle for eight daies to go to his Uncle's Armie having made him swear first that hee would return again in case hee procured not the libertie of those whom they demanded Amongst other exceptions which they made him renounce in the Oath they administred to him one was Thâ—t hee should not allege that those of Toledo were Traitors and therefore hee was not obliged to make good his Word or Oath to them which was fulfilled accordingly The Citie was very well provided for a long time and they had broken down all the Mills for twelv leagâ—es compass that Antonio's men might have no means â—o grinde their corn They took all the Plate of Silver and Gold out of the Cathedral Church which beeing coined did much enrich them and made them so stout that they said They would never consent to Peace unless there were first a pardon general granted for the whole Kingdom of Spain and that Don Pedro Lasso de la Vega were delivered into their hands for they said hee was the principal caus of all those Troubles and the onely man that put them upon that insurrection SECT XXIV THe Marquis of Villena beeing entred into Toledo by consent of the Citie began to bring them to a right understanding whereupon hee wrote to the Governors that they might follow their business in Navarra as for the Toledians hee would undertake to reduce them to their due obedience The Governors glad to bee eased of an affair of such care and trouble emploied all their industrie and force to resist the incursions of the French as shal bee said hereafter Hernando de Avalos and som othâ—r of the Inhabitants would gladly have received a pardon from the Marquis of Villena's hands therefore beeing sent to by them hee came accompanied with the Earl of Oropesa and som Hors and Foot but nothing could bee effected for the contrarie Partie mutinied in such a tumultuous manner that the Marquis was forced to go out of the Citie after hee had spent som daies time to procure a Peace The same effect had the endeavors of Don Diego de Cardenas Adelantado of Granada Duke of Maqueda who with the same
Simancas vvhere hee continued a good while During which time with a brick which hee had cunningly put into a bag wherein hee used to carrie his Breviary hee knockt out the Governors brains that had charge of him beeing in discours with him by the fire side So leaving the father dead hee had made his escape but that his Son discovered him and having brought him back lock'd him into his Chamber without doing any thing els to him for murthering his father which was held and commended for a peice of great wisdom and patience in the yong man The Emperor upon notice hereof commanded the Alcalde Ronquillo to go thither who having too much Justice on his side and bearing no great affection to the Bishop by vertue of a licence the Emperor had from Pope Adrian to punish the said Bishop and other Priests and Friers for their exorbitances bearing date the 7th of March 1523. Hee câ—used him to bee strangled within the said Fort And some report that hee hung him upon one of the Pinacles of the Tower to the end hee might bee a spectacle to all that passed that waie This was done contrarie to the Emperor's knowledg and it grieved him very much although hee had reason and power enough to do it This was done Anâ— 1526. SECT XXVIII THe end whereunto Don Pedro de Ayala Earl of Salvatierra was brought may serv for an example of the various vicissitudes of Fortune in this life After hee was taken hee was carried to Burgos where hee was kept prisoner in the Earl of Salinas his hous where hee was let blood to death Anno 1524 the Emperor then beeing at Burgos after which hee was carried to his grave his feet hanging bare over the Bier with irons upon them exposed to the publick view of all This unfoâ—tunate Earl was reduced to so much povertie beeing forsaken of all his friends in his imprisonment that hee had nothing to eat but a poor mess of pottage which Leon Picardo a domestick servant and Painter to the Lord High Constable somtimes brought him His son Don Athanasio de Ayala then Page to the Emperor out of compassion and pietie which a childe oweth to his father sold a hors which hee had to buie the Earl victuals for which the Master of the Pages would have him punished and complained of him to the Emperor whereupon the Emperor calling Don Athanasio to him and asking him for his hors hee presently answered That hee had sold him to buie Victuals for his father The Emperor was so far from beeing displeased at so pioâ—â— an act that hee forthwith commanded fortie thousand Maravediz to bee given him Thus this great Earl who as hee said of himself was lineally descended from the mightie Gothes ended his daies by an untimely death SECT XXIX THe Emperor beeing desirous to express the Contentment which hee received by the Pacification of his Kingdoms and that hee might shew himself a gracious Prince to those that had offended his Majestie in so high a measure hee commanded that two daies after the general pardon was proclaimed there should bee great Feasts celebrated in Valladolid with great solemnitie with Tiltings fighting on hors-back with Bulls and a Turnament or Just-Royal And the Emperor himself beeing in compleat Armor and so disguised that no bodie could know him entered the List and brake several Lances with those that had gotten the greatest honor that daie behaving himself with such dexteritie courage and gallantrie that hee drew the eies of all the Spectators upon him and kindled a curiositie in their brests to know who hee was which beeing discovered their gusts increased with their admirations Light-winged Fame having filled the World with the Emperor 's good success many Princes and Embassadors from all parts thereupon came flocking to his Court The King of England sent his Embassadors and Don Luis de Silva in the King of Portugal his Master's name came to congratulate his Majestie 's return his reception of the Imperial Crown and the pacification of the troubles in Spain desiring moreover that hee would give order that the Castillians might go no more into the Moluccas which his Majestie remitted to bee determined by judicious and experienced men SECT XXX HIs Majestie 's goodness and clemencie to his Subjects had it been in the antient Greek's or Latine's ages should have been celebrated with a never dying memorie since of so many offendors so few were excepted in the general Pardon and well near all those too obteined an exemption from all punishments aswel of Persons as Estate And the Nobles were restored to the same height of honor and esteem as they possessed formerly the Emperor shewing as much favor and liberalitie towards them and their children as if they never had committed any offence against him Whosoever take's the pains to peruse the historie of these fore-related Commotions will finde that Hernando de Avalos a Gentleman of Toledo was one of the greatest sticklers for the Commonalties one of the chief Ring-leaders of these disorders and one that persevered in them with as great obstinacie and perversness as might bee for which hee was excepted yet nothing was done to him But whether out of fear or otherwise hee privately slunk away out of the Kingdom for which the Emperor as hee had reason was the more displeased at him And having continued in this voluntarie exile some time at last having disguised himself as hee thought sufficiently hee took the boldness to return to the Court and endeavor to procure his pardon which coming to the knowledg of one that was neer his Majesties person hee thinking to do an acceptable piece of service went presently and told the Emperor that Hernando de Avalos was in the Court and that if his Majestie was so pleased hee would apprehend him for hee knew where to finde him The Emperor took no great notice hereof at the first time Two or three daies after the Gentleman thinking his Majestie had not well understood him or els had forgotten what hee had told him gave him a second advice of Hernando's beeing there Whereunto the Emperor with a countenance that express'd no great pleasure in any such like actions answered Thou should'st have done better to have advised Hernando de Avalos to leav the Court then to press mee to give command to have him apprehended So the pick-thank remained ashamed and confounded as all those which delight in such base unworthie offices for the most part are when their malicious practises do not take effect It is moreover reported the testimonie of the goodness of this Emperor that beeing told hovv fevv had been executed of those offendors hee replyed It is enough let there bee no more blood spilt Which vvas a saying indeed becoming the Dignitie of so great a Prince SECT XXXI THe general pardon beeing known through all Spain the hearts of all the people were filled with no less rejoycing then affection to their Prince having such