Debts like Thunder-bolts by which he was in danger of being utterly undone had not Patience and Prudence together with Heavens Blessings saved him from that threatning Ruine 5. He never repined at his Losses and Sufferings because he lost and suffered for his King and Countrey nay so far was he from that that I have heard him say If the same Warrs should happen again and he was sure to lose both his life and all he had lest him yet he would most willingly sacrifice it for His Majesties Service 6. He never connived or conspired with the Enemy neither directly nor indirectly for though some Person of Quality being sent in the late Wars to him into the North from His late Majesty who was then at Oxford with some Message did withal in private acquaint him that some of the Nobility that were with the King desired him to side with them against His Majesty alledging that if His Majesty should become an absolute Conqueror both himself and the rest of the Nobility would lose all their Rights and Priviledges yet he was so far from consenting to it that he returned him this answer namely That he entred into actions of War for no other end but for the service of His King and Master and to keep up His Majesties Rights and Prerogatives for which he was resolved to venture both his Life Posterity and Estate for certainly said he the Nobility cannot fall if the King be Victorious nor can they keep up their Dignities if the King be overcome This Message was delivered by word of mouth but none of their names mentioned so that it is not certainly known whether it was a real truth or not more probable it was that they intended to sound my Lord or to make if possible more division for certainly not all that pretended to be for the King were His Friends and I my self remember very well when I was with Her Hajesty the now Queen-Mother in Oxford although I was too young to perceive their intrigues yet I was old enough to observe that there were great Factions both amongst the Courtiers and Soldiers But my Lords Loyalty was such that he kept always faithful and true to His Majesty and could by no means be brought to side with the Rebellious Party or to juggle and mind his own Interest more then his Majesties Service and this was the cause that he had as great private Enemies at Court as he had publick Enemies in the Field who sought as much his ruine and destruction privately and â—ould cast aspersions upon his Loyalty and Duty as theâ—â— did publickly oppose him In short that it may appear the better what loyal and faithful services my Lord has done both for His late Majesty King Charles the First and His now Gracious Master King Charles the Second I have thought fit to subjoin both Their Majesties Commendations which they were pleased to give him when for his Great and Loyal Services they confer'd upon him the Titles and Dignities of Marquess and Duke of Newcastle A Copy of the Preamble of My Lord's Patent for Marquess Englished Rex c. Salutem WHereas it appears to Us That William Earl of Newcastle upon Tyne besides his most Eminent Birth and splendid Alliances hath equalled all those Titles with which he is adorned by Desert and hath also wonne them by Virtue Industry Prudence and a stedfast Faith Whilest with dangers and expences gathering together Soldiers Armes and all other War-like Habiliments and applying them as well in Our Affairs as most plentifully sending them to Us having fore-thought of Our Dignity and security he was ready with Us in all Actions in Yorkshire and governed the Town of Newcastle and Castle in the mouth of Tyne at the time of that fatal Revolt of the People who were got together and with a Bond of his Friends did opportunely seize that Port and settled it a Garison bringing Armes to Us then Our onely relief In which Service so strongly going on which was of grand moment to our affairs We do gratefully remember him still to have stood to Afterwards having Mustered together a good Army Our self being gone else-where the Rebels now enjoying almost all York-shire and the chiefest Fortress of all the Country now appearing to have scarce refuge or safety for him against the swelling Rebels the whole Country then desiring and praying for his coming that he might timely relieve them in their desperate condition And leading his said Army in the midst of Winter gave the Rebels Battel in his passage vanquish'd them and put them to flight and took from them several Garisons and places of Refuge and restored Health to the Subjects and by his many Victories Peace and Security to the Countryes Witness those places made Noble by the death and flight of the Rebels in Lincoln-shire Gainsborough and Lincoln in Derby-shire Chesterfield but in York-shire Peirce-bridge Seacroft Tankerly Tadcaster Sheffield Rotheram Yarum Beverly Cawood Selby Halifax Leeds and above all Bradford where when the Yorkshire and Lancashire Rebels were united and Battel joined with them when Our Army as well by the great numbers of the Rebels as much more the badness of Our ground was so prest upon that the Soldiers now seemed to think of flying He their General with a full Carier commanding two Troops to follow him broke into the very rage of the Battel and with so much violence fell upon the right Wing of those Rebels That those who were but now certain of Victory turn'd their backs and fled from the Conqueror who by his Wisdom Virtue and his own Hand brought death and flight to the Rebels Victory and Glory to Himself Plunder to the Soldiery and 22 great Guns and many Ensigns to Us. Nor was there before this wanting to so much Virtue equal Felicity for Our most beloved Consort after a dismal Tempest coming from Holland being drove ashore at Burlington and undergoing a more grievous danger by the excursions of the Rebels then the tossing and tumbling of the Sea He having heard of it speedily goes to Her with his Army and dutifully receiveth Her in safety brings Her and with all security conducts Her to Us at Oxford Whereas therefore the aforesaid Earl hath raised so many Monuments of His Virtue and Fidelity towards Us Our Queen Children and Our Kingdom when also he doth at this time establish with safety and with His Power defend the Nothern parts of Our Kingdom against the Rebels when lastly nothing more concerns Mankind and Princes and nothing can be more just then that he may receive for his Deeds a Reward suitable to his name which requires that he who defends the Borders should be created by Us Governour of Marquess of the Borderers Know therefore c. A Copy of the Preamble of My Lord's Patent for DUKE Englished Rex c. Salutem WHereas Our most beloved and faithful Cousin and Counsellor William Earl and Marquess of Newcastle upon Tyne c. worthy by
ordered the then Clerk of the Peace of that County That the same account should be recorded amongst the Sessions Roles and be published in open Sessions to the end that the Country might take notice how their monies were disposed of for which act of Justice My Lord was highly commended Within some few years after King Charles the First of blessed Memory His Gracious Soveraign in regard of His true and faithful service to his King and Country was pleased to honour him with the Title of Earl of Newcastle and Baron of Bothal and Heple which Title he graced so much by His Noble Actions and Deportments that some seven years after which was in the Year 1638. His Majesty called him up to Court and thought Him the fittest Person whom He might intrust with the Government of His Son Charles then Prince of Wales now our most Gracious King and made him withal a Member of the Lords of His Majesties most honourable Privy Council which as it was a great Honour and Trust so He spared no care and industry to discharge His Duty accordingly and to that end left all the care of governing his own Family and Estate with all Fidelity attending His Master not without considerable Charges and vast Expences of his own In this present Employment He continued for the space of three Years during which time there happened an Insurrection and Rebellion of His Majesties discontented Subjects in Scotland which forced His Majesty to raise an Army to reduce them to their Obedience and His Treasury being at that time exhausted he was necessitated to desire some supply and assistance of the Noblest and Richest of his Loyal Subjects amongst the rest My Lord lent His Majesty 10000 l. and raised Himself a Voluntier-Troop of Horse which consisted of 120 Knights and Gentlemen of Quality who marched to Berwick by His Majesties Command where it pleased His Majesty to set this mark of Honour upon that Troop that it should be Independent and not commanded by any General Officer but onely by his Majesty Himself The reason thereof was upon this following occasion His Majesties whole body of Horse being commanded to march into Scotland against the Rebels a place was appointed for their Rendezvous Immediately upon their meeting My Lord sent a Gentleman of Quality of his Troop to His Majesties then General of the Horse to know where his Troop should march who returned this answer That it was to march next after the Troops of the General Officers of the Field My Lord conceiving that his Troop ought to march in the Van and not in the Rear sent the same Messenger back again to the General to inform him That he had the honour to march with the Princes Colours and therefore he thought it not fit to march under any of the Officers of the Field yet nevertheless the General ordered that Troop as he had formerly directed Whereupon My Lord thinking it unfit at that time to dispute the business immediately commanded his Cornet to take off the Princes Colours from his staff and so marched in the place appointed choosing rather to march without his Colours flying then to lessen his Masters dignity by the command of any subject Immediately after the return from that expedition to his Majesties Leaguer the General made a complaint thereof to his Majesty who being truly informed of the business commended my Lords discretion for it and from that time ordered that Troop to be commanded by none but himself Thus they remain'd upon duty without receiving any pay or allowance from His Majesty until His Majesty had reduced his Rebellious Subjects and then My Lord returned with honour to his Charge viz. The Government of the Prince At last when the whole Army was disbanded then and not before my Lord thought it a fit Time to exact an account from the said General for the affront he pass'd upon him and sent him a Challenge the place and hour being appointed by both their Consents where and when to meet My Lord appear'd there with his Second but found not his Opposite After some while his Opposite's Second came all alone by whom my Lord perceiv'd that their Design had been discover'd to the King by some of his Opposite's Friends who presently caused them both to be confined until he had made their Peace My Lord having hitherto attended the Prince his Master with all faithfulness and duty befitting so great an Employment for the space of three years in the beginning of that Rebellious and unhappy Parliament which was the cause of all the ruines and misfortunes that afterwards befell this Kingdom was privately advertised that the Parliaments Design was to take the Government of the Prince from him which he apprehending as a disgrace to Himself wisely prevented and obtained the Consent of His late Majesty with His Favour to deliver up the Charge of being Governor to the Prince and retire into the Countrey which he did in the beginning of the Year 1641 and setled himself with his Lady Children and Family to his great satisfaction with an intent to have continued there and rested under his own Vine and managed his own Estate but he had not enjoyed himself long but an Express came to him from His Majesty who was then unjustly and unmannerly treated by the said Parliament to repair with all possible speed and privacy to Kingston upon Hull where the greatest part of His Majesties Ammunition and Arms then remained in that Magazine it being the most considerable place for strength in the Northern parts of the Kingdom Immediately upon the receipt of these His Majesties Orders and Commands my Lord prepared for their execution and about Twelve of the Clock at night hastned from his own house when his Familie were all at their rest save two or three Servants which he appointed to attend him The next day early in the morning he arrived at Hull in the quality of a private Gentleman which place was distant from his house forty miles and none of his Family that were at home knew what was become of him till he sent an Express to his Lady to inform her where he was Thus being admitted into the Town he fell upon his intended Design and brought it to so hopeful an issue for His Majesties Service that he wanted nothing but His Majesties further Commission and Pleasure to have secured both the Town and Magazine for His Majesties use and to that end by a speedy Express gave His Majesty who was then at Windsor an account of all his Transactions therein together with his Opinion of them hoping His Majesty would have been pleased either to come thither in Person which He might have done with much security or at least have sent him a Commission and Orders how he should do His Majesty further Service But instead thereof he received Orders from His Majesty to observe such Directions as he should receive from the Parliament then sitting Whereupon he was
summoned personally to appear at the House of Lords and a Committee chosen to examine the Grounds and Reasons of his undertaking that Design but my Lord shewed them his Commission and that it was done in obedience to His Majesties Commands and so was cleared of that Action Not long after my Lord obtained the freedom from His Majesty to retire again to his Countrey-Life which he did with much alacrity He had not remained many months there but His Majesty was forced by the fury of the said Parliament to repair in Person to York and to send the Queen beyond the Seas for her safety No sooner was His Majesty arrived at York but he sent his Gommands to my Lord to come thither to him which according to his wonted custom and loyalty he readily obeyed and after a few days spent there in Consultation His Majesty was pleased to Command him to Newcastle upon Tyne to take upon him the Government of that Town and the four Counties next adjoining that is to say Northumberland Cumberland Westmerland and the Bishoprick of Durham which my Lord did accordingly although he wanted Men Money and Ammunition for the performance of that design for when he came thither he neither found any Military provision considerable for the undertaking that work nor generally any great encouragement from the people in those parts more then what his own interest created in them Nevertheless he thought it his duty rather to hazard all then to neglect the Commands of His Soveraign and resolved to shew his Fidelity by nobly setting all at stake as he did though he well knew how to have secured himself as too many others did either by Neutrality or adhering to the Rebellious Party but his Honour and Loyalty was too great to be stained with such foul adherencies As soon as my Lord came to Newcastle in the first place he sent for all his Tenants and Friends in those parts and presently raised a Troop of Horse consisting of 120. and a Regiment of Foot and put them under Command and upon duty and exercise in the Town of Newcastle and with this small beginning took the Government of that place upon him where with the assistance of the Towns-men particularly the Mayor whom by the power of his Forces he continued Mayor for the year following he being a person of much trust and fidelity as he approved himself and the rest of his Brethren within few days he fortified the Town and raised men daily and put a Garrison of Soldiers into Tinmouth Castle standing upon the River Tyne betwixt Newcastle and the Sea to secure that Port and armed the Soldiers as well as he could And thus he stood upon his Guard and continued them upon Duty playing his weak Game with much Prudence and giving the Town and Country very great satisfaction by his noble and honourable Deportment In the mean time there happend a great mutiny of the Trainband Souldiers of the Bishoprick at Durham so that my Lord was forced to remove thither in Person attended with some forces to appease them where at his arrival I mention it by the way and as a merry passage a jovial Fellow used this expression That he liked my Lord very well but not his Company meaning his Soldiers After my Lord had reduced them to their obedience and duty he took great care of the Church Government in the said Bishoprick as he did no less in all other places committed to his Care and Protection well knowing that Schism and Faction in Religion is the Mother of all or most Rebellions Wars and Disturbances in a State or Government and constituted that Learned and Eminent Divine the then Dean of Peterborough now Lord-Bishop of Durham to view all sermons that were to be Preached and suffer nothing in them that in the least reflected against His Majesties Person and Government but to put forth and add whatsoever he thought convenient and punish those that should trespass against it In which that worthy Person used so much care and industry that never the Church could be more happily govern'd then it was at that present Some short time after my Lord received from Her Majesty the Queen out of Holland a small supply of Money viz. a little barrel of Ducatoons which amounted to about 500 l. Sterling which my Lord distributed amongst the Officers of his new raised Army to encourage them the better in their service as also some Armes the most part whereof were consigned to his late Majesty and those that were ordered to be conveyed to his Majesty were sent accordingly conducted by that onely Troop of Horse which my Lord had newly raised with orders to return again to him but it seems His Majesty liked the Troop so well that he was pleased to command their stay to recruit his own Army About the same time the King of Denmark was likewise pleased to send His Majesty a Ship which arrived at Newcastle laden with some Ammunition Armes Regiment Pieces and Danish Clubs which my Lord kept for the furnishing of some Forces which he intended to raise for His Majesties service for he perceiving the flames increase more and more in both the Houses of Parliament then sitting at Westminster against his Majesties Person and Government upon Consultation with his Friends and Allies and the interest he had in those Northern parts took a resolution to raise an Army for His Majesties service and by an express acquainted His Majesty with his design who was so well pleased with it that he sent him Commissions for that purpose to constitute him General of all the Forces raised and to be raised in all the parts of the Kingdom Trent-North and moreover in the several Counties of Lincoln Nottingham Derby Lancashire Cheshire Leicester Rutland Cambridg Huntington Norfolk Suffolk and Essex and Commander in Chief for the same as also to impower and authorize him to confer the honour of Knighthood upon such Persons as he should conceive deserved it and to coin Money and Print whensoever he saw occasion for it Which as it was not onely a great Honour but a great Trust and Power so he used it with much discretion and wisdom onely in such occurrencies where he found it tending to the advancement of His Majesties Service and conferr'd the honour of Knighthood sparingly and but on such persons whose Valiant and Loyal Actions did justly deserve it so that he Knighted in all to the number of Twelve Within a short time my Lord formed an Army of 8000 Foot Horse and Dragoons and put them into a condition to march in the beginning of November 1642. No sooner was this effected but the Insurrection grew high in York-Shire in so much that most of His Majesties good subjects of that County as well the Nobility as Gentry were forced for the preservation of their persons to retire to the City of York a walled Town but of no great strength and hearing that my Lord had not onely kept
west part of York-shire viz. Hallifax Bradford Leeds Wakefield c. where he remained some time to recruit and enlarge his Army which was much lessened by erecting of Garisons and to keep those parts in order and obedience to His Majesty And after he had thus ordered his Affairs He was enabled to give Protection to those parts of the Country that mere most willing to embrace it and quarter'd his Army for a time in such places which he had reduced Tadcaster which stood upon a Pass he made a Garison or rather a strong Quarter and put also a Garison into Pomfret Castle not above eight Miles distant from Tadcaster which commanded that Town and a great part of the Country During the time that his Army remained at Pomfret My Lord setled a Garison at Newark in Nottingham-shire standing upon the River Trent a very considerable pass which kept the greatest part of Nottingham-shire and part of Lincoln-shire in obedience and after that he returned in the beginning of Ianuary 1642 back to York with an intention to supply Himself with some Ammunition which He had ordered to be brought from Newcastle A Convoy of Horse that were imployed to conduct it from thence under the Command of the Lieutenant General of the Army the Lord Ethyn was by the Enemy at a pass called Yarum-bridg in York-shire fiercely encountred in which encounter My Lord's Forces totally routed them slew many and took many Prisoners and most of their Horse Colours consisting of Seventeen Cornets and so march'd on to York with their Ammunition without any other Interruption My Lord after he had received this Ammunition put his Army into a condition to march and having intelligence that the Queen was at Sea with intention to land in some part of the Eastriding of York-shire he directed his March in February 1642 into those parts to be ready to attend Her Majesties landing who was then daily expected from Holland Within a short time after it had pleased God to protect Her Majesty both from the fury of Wind and Waves there being for several days such a Tempest at Sea that Her Majesty with all her Attendance was in danger to be cast away every minute as also from the fury of the Rebels which had the whole Naval Power of the Kingdom then in their Hands she arrived safely at a small Port in the Eastriding of York-shire called Burlington Key where Her Majesty was no sooner landed but the Enemy at Sea made continual shot against her Ships in the Port which reached not onely Her Majesties landing but even the House where she lay though without the least hurt to any so that she her self and her Attendants were forced to leave the same and to seek Protection from a Hill near that place under which they retired and all that while it was observed that Her Majesty shewed as much Courage as ever any person could do for Her undaunted and Generous spirit was like her Royal Birth deriving it self from that unparrallell'd King Her Father whose Heroick Actions will be in perpetual Memory whilest the World hath a being My Lord finding Her Majesty in this condition drew his Army near the place where she was ready to attend and protect Her Majesties Person who was pleased to take a view of the Army as it was drawn up in order and immediately after which was in March 1643 took Her journey towards York whither the whole Army conducted Her Majesty and brought her safe into the City About this time Her Majesty having some present occasion for Money My Lord presented Her with 3000 l. Sterling which she graciously accepted of and having spent some time there in Consultation about the present affairs she was pleased to send some Armes and Ammunition to the King who was then in Oxford to which end my Lord ordered a Party consisting of 1500 well Commanded to conduct the same with whom the Lord Percy who then had waited upon Her Majesty from the King returned to Oxford which Party His Majesty was pleased to keep with him for his own Service Not long after My Lord who always endeavoured to win any place or persons by fair means rather then by using of force reduced to His Majesties obedience a strong Fort and Castle upon the Sea and a very good Haven call'd Scarborough-Castle perswading the Governour thereof who heretofore had opposed his Forces at Yarum-bridg with such rational and convincible Arguments that he willingly rendred himself and all the Garison under His Majesties Devotion By which prudent Action My Lord highly advanced His Majesties Interest for by that means the Enemy was much annoyed and prejudiced at Sea and a great part in the East-riding of York-shire kept in due obedience After this My Lord having received Intelligence that the Enemies General of the Horse had designed to march with a Party from Cawood Castle whither they were fled from Tadcaster as before is mentioned to some Garisons which they had in the West of York-shire presently order'd a party of Horse Commanded by the General of the Horse the Lord George Goring to attend the Enemy in their March who overtook them on a Moor call'd Seacroft-Moor and fell upon their Rear which caused the Enemy to draw up their Forces into a Body to whom they gave a Total rout although their number was much greater and took about 800 Prisoners and 10 or 12 Colours of Horse besides many that were slain in the charge which Prisoners were brought to York about 10 or 12 miles distant from that same place Immediately after in pursuit of that Victory My Lord sent a considerable Party into the West of York-shire where they met with about 2000 of the Enemies Forces taken out of their several Garisons in those parts to execute some design upon a Moor called Tankerly-Moor and there fought them and routed them many were slain and some taken Prisoners Not long after the Remainder of the Army that were left at York marched to Leeds in the West of York-shire and from thence to Wakefield being both the Enemies Quarters to reduce and settle that part of the Country My Lord having possessed himself of the Town of Wakefield it being large and of great compass and able to make a strong quarter order'd it accordingly and receiving Intelligence that in two Market-Towns Southwest from Wakefield viz. Rotheram and Sheffield the Enemy was very busie to raise Forces against his Majesty and had fortified them both about four miles distant from each other hoping thereby to give protection and encouragement to all those parts of the Country which were populous rich and rebellious he thought it necessary to use his best endeavours to blast those their wicked designs in the bud and thereupon took a resolution in April 1643 to march with part of his Army from Wakefield into the mentioned parts attended with a convenient Train of Artillery and Ammunition leaving the greatest part of it at Wakefield with the remainder of
his Army under the Care and Conduct of his General of the Horse and Major General of the Army which was so considerable both in respect of their number and provision that they did as they might well conceive themselves Master of the Field in those parts and secure in that quarter although in the end it proved not so as shall hereafter be declared which must necessarily be imputed to their invigilancy and carelessness My Lord first marched to Rotheram and finding that the Enemy had placed a Garison of Soldiers in that Town and fortified it he drew up his Army in the morning against the Town and summon'd it but they refusing to yield my Lord fell to work with his Cannon and Musket and within a short time took it by storm and enter'd the Town that very night some Enemies of note that were found therein were taken Prisoners and as for the common Soldiers which were by the Enemy forced from their Allegiance he shew'd such Clemency to them that very many willingly took up Arms for His Majesties Service and proved very faithful and loyal Subjects and good Soldiers After my Lord had stayed two or three dayes there and order'd those parts he marched with his Army to Sheffield another Market-Town of large extent in which there was an ancient Castle which when the Enemies Forces that kept the Town came to hear of being terrified with the fame of my Lords hitherto Victorious Army they fled away from thence into Derbyshire and left both Town and Castle without any blow to my Lords Mercy and though the people in the Town were most of them rebelliously affected yet my Lord so prudently ordered the business that within a short time he reduced most of them to their Allegiance by love and the rest by fear and recruited his Army daily he put a Garison of Soldiers into the Castle and fortified it in all respects and constituted a Gentleman of Quality Governour both of the Castle Town and Country and finding near that place some Iron Works he gave present order for the casting of Iron Cannon for his Garisons and for the making of other Instruments and Engines of War Within a short time after my Lord receiving Intelligence that the Enemy in the Garisons near Wakefield had united themselves and being drawn into a body in the night time had surprised and enter'd the Town of Wakesield and taken all or most of the Officers and Soldiers left there Prisoners amongst whom was also the General of the Horse the Lord Goring whom my Lord afterwards redeem'd by Exchange and possessed themselves of the whole Magazine which was a very great loss and hinderance to my Lords designs it being the Moity of his Army and most of his Ammunition he fell upon new Counsels and resolved without any delay to march from thence back towards York which was in May 1643 where after he had rested some time Her Majesty being resolved to take Her Journey towards the Southern parts of the Kingdom where the King was designed first to go from York to Pomfret whither my Lord ordered the whole Marching Army to be in readiness to conduct Her Majesty which they did he himself attending Her Majesty in person And after Her Majesty had rested there some small time she being desirous to proceed in Her intended Journey no less then a formed Army was able to secure Her Person Wherefore my Lord was resolved out of his fidelity and duty to supply Her with an Army of 7000 Horse and Foot besides a convenient Train of Artillery for Her safer Conduct chusing rather to leave himself in a weak condition though he was even then very near the Enemies Garisons in that part of the Country then suffer Her Majesties Person to be exposed to danger Which Army of 7000 men when Her Majesty was safely arrived to the King He was pleased to keep with him for His own Service After Her Majesties departure out of Yorkshire my Lord was forced to recruit again his Army and within a short time viz. in Iune 1643 took a resolution to march into the Enemies Quarters in the Western parts in which march he met with a strong stone house well fortified call'd Howley-House wherein was a Garison of Soldiers which my Lord summon'd but the Governour disobeying the summons he batter'd it with his Cannon and so took it by force the Governour having quarter given him contrary to my Lords Orders was brought before my Lord by a Person of Quality for which the Officer that brought him received a check and though he resolved then to kill him yet my Lord would not suffer him to do it saying It was inhumane to kill any man in cold blood Hereupon the Governour kiss'd the Key of the House door and presented it to my Lord to which my Lord return'd this answer I need it not said he for I brought a Key along with me which yet I was unwilling to use until you forced me to it At this House my Lord remained five or six days till he had refreshed his Soldiers and then a resolution was taken to march against a Garison of the Enemies call'd Bradford a little but a strong Town in the way he met with a strong interruption by the Enemy drawing forth a vast number of Musquetiers which they had very privately gotten out of Lancashire the next adjoining County to those parts of York-shire which had so easie an access to them at Bradford by reason the whole Country was of their Party that my Lord could not possibly have any constant intelligence of their designs and motions for in their Army there were near 5000 Musquetiers and 18 Troops of Horse drawn up in a place full of hedges called Atherton-moor near to their Garison at Bradford ready to encounter my Lords Forces which then contained not above half so many Musquetiers as the Enemy had their chiefest strength consisting in Horse and these made useless for a long time together by the Enemies Horse possessing all the plain ground upon that Field so that no place was left to draw up my Lords Horse but amongst old Coal-pits Neither could they charge the Enemy by reason of a great ditch and high bank betwixt my Lord's and the Enemies Troops but by two on a breast and that within Musquet shot the Enemy being drawn up in hedges and continually playing upon them which rendred the service exceeding difficult and hazardous In the mean while the Foot of both sides on the right and left Wings encounter'd each other who fought from Hedg to Hedg and for a long time together overpower'd and got ground of my Lords Foot almost to the invironing of his Cannon my Lords Horse wherein consisted his greatest strength all this while being made by reason of the ground incapable of charging at last the Pikes of my Lords Army having had no employment all the day were drawn against the Enemies left wing and particularly those of my Lords
his Friends to try what means he could procure for his subsistance but though he used all the industry and endeavour he could yet he effected but little by reason every body was so affraid of the Parliament that they durst not relieve Him who was counted a Traitor for his Honest and Loyal service to his King and Country Not long after My Lord had profers made him of some Rich Matches in England for his two Sons whom therefore he sent thither with one Mr. Loving hoping by that means to provide both for them and himself but they being arrived there out of some reasons best known to them declared their unwillingness to Marry as yet continuing nevertheless in England and living as well as they could Some two years after my Lord's Marriage when he had prevailed so far with his Creditors that they began to trust him anew the first thing he did was that he removed out of those Lodgings in Paris where he had been necessitated to live hitherto to a House which he hired for himself and his Family and furnished it as well as his new gotten Credit would permit and withal resolving for his own recreation and divertisement in his banished condition to exercise the Art of Mannage which he is a great lover and Master of bought a Barbary-horse for that purpose which cost him 200 Pistols and soon after another Barbary-horse from the Lord Crofts for which he was to pay him 100 l. when he returned into England About this time there was a Council call'd at St. Germain in which were present besides My Lord Her Majesty the now Queen Mother of England His Highness the Prince our now gracious King His Cousin Prince Rupert the Marquess of Worcester the then Marquess now Duke of Ormond the Lord Iermyn now Earl of St. Albans and several others where after several debates concerning the then present condition of His Majesty King Charles the First my Lord delivered his sentiment that he could perceive no other probability of procuring Forces for His Majesty but an assistance of the Scots But Her Majesty was pleased to answer my Lord That he was too quick Not long after When my Lord had begun to settle himsef in his mentioned new house His gracious Master the Prince having taken a resolution to go into Holland upon some designs Her Majesty the Queen Mother desired my Lord to follow him promising to engage for his debts which hitherto he had contracted at Paris and commanding Her Controller and Treasurer to be bound for them in Her behalf which they did although the Creditors would not content themselves until my Lord had joined his word to theirs So great and generous was the bounty and favour of Her Majesty to my Lord considering she had already given him heretofore near upon 2000 l. Sterling even at that time when Her Majesty stood most in need of it My Lord after his Highness the Prince was gone being ready to execute Her Majesties Commands in following Him and preparing for his Journey wanted the chief thing which was Money and having much endeavoured for it at last had the good Fortune to obtain upon Credit three or four hundred pounds sterl With which Sum he set out of Paris in the same Equipage he entred viz. One Coach which he had newly caused to be made wherein were the Lord Widdrington my Lord's Brother Sir Charles Cavendish Mr. Loving my Waiting-Maid and some others whereof the two later were then returned out of England one little Chariot that would onely hold my Lord and my self and three Waggons besides an indifferent number of Servants on Horse-back That day when we left Paris the Creditors coming to take their Farwell of my Lord expressed so great a love and kindness for him accompanied vvith so many hearty Prayers and Wishes that he could not but prosper on his Journey Being come into the King of Spain's Dominions my Lord found a very Noble Reception At Cambray the Governour vvas so civil that my Lord coming to that place somevvhat late and vvhen it vvas dark he commanded some Lights and Torches to meet my Lord and conduct him to his Lodgings He offer'd my Lord the Keys of the City and desir'd him to give the Word that night and moreover invited him to an Entertainment which he had made for him of purpose but it being late my Lord tyred with his Journey excused himself as civilly as he could the Governour notwithstanding being pleased to send all manner of Provisions to my Lords Lodgings and charging our Landlord to take no pay for any thing we had Which extraordinary Civilities shewed that he was a Right Noble Spaniard The next morning early my Lord went on his Journey and was very civilly used in every place of His Majesty of Spain's Dominions where he arrived At last coming to Antwerp He took water to Rotterdam which Town he chose for his residing place during the time of his stay in Holland and sent thither to a Friend of his a Gentleman of Quality to provide him some Lodgings which he did and procured them at the house of one Mrs. Banaum Widow to an English Merchant who had always been very Loyal to His Majesty the King of England and serviceable to His Majesties faithful Subjects in whatsoever lay in his Power My Lord being come to Rotterdam was informed that His Highness the Prince now our Gracious King was gone to Sea Wherefore he resolved to follow him and for that purpose hired a Boat and victual'd it but since no body knew whither His Highness was gone and I being unwilling that my Lord should venture upon so uncertain a Voyage and as the Proverb is Seek a Needle in a Bottle of Hay he desisted from that design The Lord Widdrington nevertheless and Sir Will. Throckmorton being resolved to find out the Prince but having by a storm been driven towards the Coast of Scotland and endangered their lives they returned without obtaining their aim After some little time my Lord having notice that the Prince was arrived at the Hague he went to wait on His Highness which he also did afterwards at several times so long as His Highness continued there expecting some opportunity where he might be able to shew his readiness to serve His King and Countrey as certainly there was no little hopes for it for first it was believed that the English Fleet would come and render it self into the obedience of the Prince next it was reported that the Duke of Hamilton was going out of Scotland with a great Army into England to the assistance of His Majesty and that His Majesty had then some party at Colchester but it pleased God that none of these proved effectual For the Fleet did not come in the Duke of Hamilton's Army was destroyed and Colchester was taken by the Enemy where my dear Brother Sir Charles Lucas and his dear Friend Sir George Lile were most inhumanly murther'd and shot to death they
purpose sent a Letter to my Lord from Paris but my Lord was so far from selling that Horse that he was displeased to hear that any Price should be offer'd for him So great a Love hath my Lord for good Horses And certainly I have observed and do verily believe that some of them had also a particular Love to my Lord for they seemed to rejoice whensoever he came into the Stables by their trampling action and the noise they made nay they would go much better in the Mannage when my Lord was by then when he was absent and when he rid them himself they seemed to take much pleasure and pride in it But of all sorts of Horses my Lord loved Spanish Horses and Barbes best saying That Spanish Horses were like Princes and Barbes like Gentlemen in their kind And this was the chief Recreation and Pastime my Lord had in Antwerp I will now return to my former Discourse and the Relation of some Important Affairs and Actions which happen'd about this time His Majesty our now Gracious King Charles the Second some time after he was gone out of Holland and returned into France took his Journey from thence to Breda if I remember well to treat there with his Subjects of Scotland who had then made some offers of Agreement My Lord according to his duty went thither to wait on His Majesty and was there in Council with His Majesty His Highness the then Prince of Orange His Majesties Brother-in-law and some other Privy-Counsellors in which after several Debates concerning that Important Affair His Highness the Prince of Orange and my Lord agreed in one Opinion viz. That they could perceive no other and better way at that present for His Majesty but to make an Agreement with His Subjects of Scotland upon any Condition and to go into Scotland in Person Himself that he might but be sure of an Army there being no probability or appearance then of getting an Army any where else Which Counsel either out of the then alledged Reasons or some others best known to His Majesty was embraced His Majesty agreeing with the Scots so far notwithstanding they were so unreasonable in their Treaty that His Majesty had hardly Patience to hear them that he resolved to go into Scotland in Person and though my Lord had an earnest desire to wait on His Majesty thither yet the Scots would not suffer him to come or be in any part of that Kingdom Wherefore out of his Loyalty and Duty he gave His Majesty the best advice he could viz. that he conceived it most safe for His Majesty to adhere to the Earl of Argyle's Party which he supposed to be the strongest but especially to reconcile Hamilton's and Argyle's Party and compose the differences between them for then His Majesty would be sure of Two Parties whereas otherwise He would leave an Enemy behind Him which might cause His overthrow and endanger His Majesties Person and if His Majesty could but get the Power into his own hands he might do hereafter what he pleased His Majesty being arrived in Scotland ordered his affairs so wisely that soon after he got an Army to march with him into England but whether they were all Loyal is not for me to dispute However Argyle was discontented as it appear'd by two complaining Letters he sent to my Lord which my Lord gave His Majesty notice of so that onely the Duke of Hamilton went with His Majesty who fought and died like a Valiant Man and a Loyal subject In this fight between the English and Scots His Majesty expressed an extraordinary Courage and though his Army was in a manner destroyed yet the Glory of an Heroick Prince remained with our gracious Soveraign In the mean time whilest His Majesty was yet in Scotland and before he marched with His Army into England it happen'd that the Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Newburg upon some differences having raised Forces against each other but afterwards concluded a Peace between them were pleased to profer those Forces to my Lord for His Majesties use and service which as the Lord Chancellour who was then in France sent word to my Lord was the onely Foreign profer that had been made to his Majesty My Lord immediately gave His Majesty notice of it but whether it was for want of convenient Transportation or Mony or that the Scots did not like the assistance that profer was not accepted Concerning the affairs and intrigues that pass'd in Scotland and England during the time of His Majesties stay there I am ignorant of them neither doth it belong to me now to write or give an account of any thing else but what concerns the History of my Noble Lord and Husbands Life and his own Actions who so soon as he had Intelligence that the Scottish Army which went with His Majesty into England was defeated and that no body knew what was become of His Majesty fell into so violent a Passion that I verily believed it would have endanger'd his life but when afterwards the happy news came of His Majejesties safe arrival in France never any Subject could rejoice more then my Lord did About this time it chanced that my Lords Brother Sir Charles Cavendish and my self took a journey into England occasioned both by my Lord 's extream want and necessity and his Bothers Estate which having been under Sequestration from the time or soon after he went out of England was then in case he did not return and compound for it to be sold out-right Sir Charles was unwilling to receive his Estate upon such conditions and would rather have lost it then compounded for it But my Lord considering it was better to recover something then lose all intreated the Lord Chancellour who was then in Antwerp to perswade his Brother to a composition which his Lordship did very effectually and proved himself a Noble and true Friend in it We had so small a Provision of money when we set forth our Journey for England that it was hardly able to carry us to London but were forced to stay at Southwark where Sir Charles sent into London for one that had formerly been his Steward and having declared to him his wants and necessities desir'd him to try his Credit He seemed ready to do his Master what service he could in that kind but pretending withall that his Credit was but small Sir Charles gave him his Watch to pawn and with that money paid those small scores we had made in our Lodging there From thence we went to some other Lodgings that were prepared for us in Covent-Garden and having rested our selves some time I desired my Brother the Lord Lucas to claim in my behalf some subsistance for my self out of my Lords Estate for it was declared by the Parliament That the Lands of those that were banished should be sold to any that would buy them onely their Wives and Children were allowed to put in their Claims But he received
this Answer That I could not expect the least allowance by reason my Lord and Husband had been the greatest Traitor of England that is to say the honestest man because he had been most against them Then Sir Charles intrusted some persons to compound for his Estate but it being a good while before they agreed in their Composition and then before the Rents could be received we having in the mean time nothing to live on must of necessity have been starved had not Sir Charles got some Credit of several Persons and that not without great difficulty for all those that had Estates were afraid to come near him much less to assist him until he was sure of his own Estate So much is Misery and Poverty shun'd But though our Condition was hard yet my dear Lord and Husband whom we left in Antwerp was then in a far greater distress then our selves for at our departure he had nothing but what his Credit was able to procure him and having run upon the score so long without paying any the least part thereof his Creditors began to grow impatient and resolved to trust him no longer Wherefore he sent me word That if his Brother did not presently relieve him he was forced to starve Which doleful news caused great sadness and melancholy in us both and withal made his Brother try his utmost endeavour to procure what moneys he could for his subsistance who at last got 200 l. sterl upon Credit which he immediately made over to my Lord. But in the mean time before the said money could come to his hands my Lord had been forced to send for all his Creditors and declare to them his great wants and necessities where his Speech was so effectual and made such an impression in them that they had all a deep sense of my Lords Misfortunes and instead of urging the payment of his Debts promised him That he should not want any thing in whatsoever they were able to assist him which they also very nobly and civilly performed furnishing him with all manner of provisions and necessaries for his further subsistance so that my Lord was then in a much better condition amongst strangers then we in our Native Countrey At last when Sir Charles Cavendish had compounded for his Estate and agreed to pay 4500 l. for it the Parliament caused it again to be surveyed and made him pay 500 l. more which was more then many others had paid for much greater Estates so that Sir Charles to pay this Composition and discharge some Debts was necessitated to sell some Land of his at an under-rate My Lords two Sons who were also in England at that time were no less in want and necessity then we having nothing but bare Credit to live on and my Lords Estate being then to be sold outright Sir Charles his Brother endeavoured if possible to save the two chief Houses viz. Welbeck and Bolsover being resolved rather to part with some more of his Land which he had lately compounded for then to let them fall into the Enemies hands but before such time as he could compass the money some body had bought Bolsover with an intention to pull it down and make money of the Materials of whom Sir Charles was forced to buy it again at a far greater Rate then he might have had it at first notwithstanding a great part of it was pulled down already and though my Lords eldest Son Charles Lord Mansfield had those mentioned Houses some time in possession after the death of his Uncle yet for want of Means he was not able to repair them I having now been in England a year and a half some Intelligence which I received of my Lords being not very well and the small hopes I had of getting some relief out of his Estate put me upon design of returning to Antwerp to my Lord and Sir Charles his Brother took the same resolution but was prevented by an Ague that seized upon him Not long had I been with my Lord but we received the sad news of his Brothers death which was an extream affliction both to my Lord and my self for they loved each other entirely In truth He was a Person of so great worth such extraordinary civility so obliging a Nature so full of Generosity Justice and Charity besides all manner of Learning especially in the Mathematicks that not onely his Friends but even his Enemies did much lament his loss After my return out of England to my Lord the Creditors supposing I had brought great store of money along with me came all to my Lord to solicite the payment of their Debts but when my Lord had informed them of the truth of the business and desired their patience somewhat longer with assurance that so soon as he received any money he would honestly and justly satisfie them they were not onely willing to forbear the payment of those Debts he had contracted hitherto but to credit him for the future and supply him with such Necessaries as he should desire of them And this was the onely happiness which my Lord had in his distressed condition and the chief blessing of the Eternal and Merciful God in whose Power are all things who ruled the hearts and minds of men and filled them with Charity and Compassion for certainly it was a work of Divine Providence that they shewed so much love respect and honour to my Lord a stranger to their Nation and notwithstanding his ruined Condition and the small appearance of recovering his own credited him wheresoever he lived both in France Holland Brabant and Germany that although my Lord was banished his Native Countrey and dispossessed from his own Estate could nevertheless live in so much Splendor and Grandure as he did In this Condition and how little soever the appearance was my Lord was never without hopes of seeing yet before his death a happy issue of all his misfortunes and sufferings especially of the Restauration of His most Gracious King and Master to His Throne and Kingly Rights whereof he always had assured Hopes well knowing that it was impossible for the Kingdom to subsist long under so many changes of Government and whensoever I expressed how little faith I had in it he would gently reprove me saying I believ'd least what I desir'd most and could never be happy if I endeavour'd to exclude all hopes and entertain'd nothing but doubts and fears The City of Antwerp in which we lived being a place of great resort for Strangers and Travellers His Majesty our now gracious King Charles the Second passed thorough it when he went his Journey towards Germany and after my Lord had done his humble duty and waited on His Majesty He was pleased to Honour him with His Presence at his House The same did almost all strangers that were Persons of Quality if they made any stay in the Town they would come and visit my Lord and see the Mannage of his Horses And amongst the rest
the Duke of Oldenburg and the Prince of East-Friesland did my Lord the Honour and presented him with Horses of their own breed One time it happen'd that His Highness Dom Iohn d' Austria who was then Governour of those Provinces came to Antwerp and stayed there some few days and then almost all his Court waited on my Lord so that one day I reckoned about seventeen Coaches in which were all Persons of Quality who came in the morning of purpose to see my Lord's Mannage My Lord receiving so great an honour thought it sit to shew his respect and civility to them and to ride some of his Horses himself which otherwise he never did but for his own excercise and delight Amongst the rest of those great and noble Persons there were two of our Nation viz. the then Marquess now Duke of Ormond and the Earl of Bristol but Dom Iohn was not there in Person excusing himself afterwards to my Lord when my Lord waited on him that the multiplicity of his weighty affairs had hindred his coming thither which my Lord accounted as a very high honour and favour from so great a Prince and conceiving it his duty to wait on his Highness but being unknown to him the Earl of Bristol who had acquaintance with him did my Lord the favour and upon his request presented him to his Highness which favour of the said Earl my Lord highly resented Dom ` Iohn received my Lord with all kindness and respect for although there were many great and noble Persons that waited on him in an out room yet so soon as his Highness heard of my Lord's and the Earl of Bristol's being there he was pleased to admit them before all the rest My Lord after he had passed his Complements told His Highness That he found himself bound in all duty to make his humble acknowledgments for the Favour he received from His Catholick Majesty for permitting and suffering him a banished man to live in His Dominions and under the Government of His Highness whereupon Dom Iohn ask'd my Lord whether he wanted any thing and whether he liv'd peaceably without any molestation or disturbance My Lord answer'd That he lived as much to his own content as a banish'd man could do and received more respect and civility from that City then he could have expected for which he returned his most humble thanks to his Catholick Majesty and His Highness After some short Discourse my Lord took his leave of Dom Iohn Several of the Spaniards advising him to go into Spain and assuring him of His Catholick Majesties Kindness and Favour but my Lord being engaged in the City of Antwerp and besides in years and wanting means for so long and chargeable a voyage was not able to embrace their motions and surely he was so well pleased with the great Civilities he received from that City that then he was resolved to chuse no other residing place all the time of his banishment but that he being not onely credited there for all manner of Provisions and Necessaries for his subsistance but also free both from ordinary and extraordinary Taxes and from paying Excise which was a great favour and obligation to my Lord. After His Highness Dom Iohn had left the Government of those Provinces the Marquess of Caracena succeeded in his place who having a great desire to see my Lord ride in the Mannage entreated a Gentleman of the City that was acquainted with my Lord to beg that favour of him My Lord having not been at that Exercise six weeks or two months by reason of some sickness that made him unfit for it civilly begg'd his excuse but he was so much importuned by the said Gentleman that at last he granted his Request and rid one or two Horses in presence of the said Marquess of Caracena and the then Marquess now Duke of Ormond who often used to honour my Lord with his Company The said Marquess of Caracena seem'd to take much pleasure and satisfaction in it and highly complemented my Lord and certainly I have observed That Noble and Meritorious persons take great delight in honouring each other But not onely strangers but His Majesty Himself our now Gracious Soveraign was pleased to see my Lord ride and one time did ride Himself He being an Excellent Master of that Art and instructed by my Lord who had the Honour to set Him first on a Horse of Mannage when he was His Governour where His Majesties Capacity was such that being but Ten years of Age he would ride leaping Horses and such as would overthrow others and mannage them with the greatest Skill and Dexterity to the admiration of all that beheld Him Nor was this the onely Honour my Lord received from His Majesty but His Majesty and all the Royal Race that is to say Her Highness the then Princess Royal His Highness the Duke of York with His Brother the Duke of Glocester except the Princesse Henrietta now Duchess of Orleans being met one time in Antwerp were pleased to honour my Lord with their Presence and accept of a small Entertainment at his House such as his present Condition was able to afford them And some other time His Majesty passing through the City was pleased to accept of a private Dinner at my Lord's House after which I receiving that gracious Favour from His Majesty that he was pleased to see me he did merrily and in jest tell me That he perceived my Lord's Credit could procure better Meat then His own Again some other time upon a merry Challenge playing a Game at Butts with my Lord when my Lord had the better of Him What said He my Lord have you invited me to play the Rook with me Although their Stakes were not at all considerable but onely for Pastime These passages I mention onely to declare my Lord's happiness in his miseries which he received by the honour and kindness not onely of foreign Princes but of his own Master and Gracious Soveraign I will not speak now of the good esteem and repute he had by his late Majesty King Charles the First and Her Majesty the now Queen-Mother who always held and found him a very loyal and faithful Subject although Fortune was pleased to oppose him in the height of his endeavours for his onely and chief intention was to hinder His Majesties Enemies from executing that cruel design which they had upon their gracious and merciful King In which he tried his uttermost power in so much that I have heard him say out of a passionate Zeal and Loyalty That he would willingly sacrifice himself and all his Posterity for the sake of his Majesty and the Royal Race Nor did he ever repine either at his losses or sufferings but rejoyced rather that he was able to suffer for His King and Countrey His Army was the onely Army that was able to uphold His Majesties Power which so long as it was Victorious it preserved both His Majesties Person and
Stocking Manuring Paling Stubbing Hedging c. of his Grounds and Parks where it is to be noted That no advantage or benefit can be made of Grounds under the space of three years and of Cattel not under five or six 3. The repairing and furnishing of some of his Dwelling-Houses 4. The setting up a Race or Breed of Horses as he had before the Warrs for which purpose he hath bought the best Mares he could get for money In short I can reckon 12000 l. laid out barely for the repair of some Ruines which my Lord could not be without there being many of them to repair yet neither is this all that is laid out but much more which I cannot well remember nor is there more but one Grange stock'd amongst several that were kept for furnishing his House with Provisions As for other Charges and Losses which My Lord hath sustained since his return I will not reckon them because my design is onely to account such losses as were caused by the Wars By which as they have been mentioned it may easily be concluded That although My Lord's Estate was very great before the Wars yet now it is shrunk into a very narrow compass that it puts his Prudence and Wisdom to the Proof to make it serve his necessities he having no other assistance to bear him up and yet notwithstanding all this he hath since his return paid both for Himself and his Son all manner of Taxes Lones Levies Assessments c. equally with the rest of His Majesties Subjects according to that Estate that is left him which he has been forced to take upon Interest The Third Book THus having given you a faithful Account of all My Lords Actions both before in and after the Civil Warrs and of his Losses I shall now conclude with some particular heads concerning the description of his own Person his Natural Humour Disposition Qualities Vertues his Pedigree Habit Diet Exercises c. together with some other Remarks and Particulars which I thought requisite to be inserted both to illustrate the former Books and to render the History of his Life more perfect and compleat 1. Of his Power After His Majesty King Charles the First had entrusted my Lord with the Power of raising Forces for His Majesties Service he effected that which never any Subject did nor was in all probability able to do for though many Great and Noble Persons did also raise Forces for His Majesty yet they were Brigades rather then well-formed Armies in comparison to my Lord's The reason was That my Lord by his Mother the Daughter of Cuthbert Lord Ogle being allyed to most of the most ancient Families in Northumberland and other the Northern parts could pretend a greater Interest in them then a stranger for they through a natural affection to my Lord as their own Kinsman would sooner follow him and under his Conduct sacrifice their Lives for His Majesty's Service then any body else well knowing That by deserting my Lord they deserted themselves and by this means my Lord raised first a Troup of Horse consisting of a hundred and twenty and a Regiment of Foot and then an Army of Eight thousand Horse Foot and Dragoons in those parts and afterwards upon this ground at several times and in several places so many several Troups Regiments and Armies that in all from the first to the last they amounted to above 100000 men and those most upon his own Interest and without any other considerable help or assistance which was much for a particular Subject and in such a conjuncture of time for since Armies are soonest raised by Covetousness Fear aud Faction that is to say upon a constant and setled Pay upon the Ground of Terrour and upon the Ground of Rebellion but very seldom or never upon uncertainty of Pay and when it is as hazardous to be of such a Party as to be in the heat of a Battel also when there is no other design but honest duty it may easily be conceived that my Lord could have no little love and affection when He raised his Army upon snch grounds as could promise them but little advantage at that time Amongst the rest of his Army My Lord had chosen for his own Regiment of Foot 3000 of such Valiant stout and faithful men whereof many were bred in the Moorish-grounds of the Northern parts that they were ready to die at my Lord's feet and never gave over whensoever they were engaged in action until they had either conquer'd the Enemy or lost their lives They were called White-coats for this following reason My Lord being resolved to give them new Liveries and there being not red Cloth enough to be had took up so much of white as would serve to cloath them desiring withal their patience until he had got it dyed but they impatient of stay requested my Lord that he would be pleased to let them have it un-dyed as it was promising they themselves would die it in the Enemies Blood Which request my Lord granted them and from that time they were called White-Coats To give you some instances of their Valour and Courage I must beg leave to repeat some passages mentioned in the first Book The Enemy having closely besieged the City of York and made a passage into the Mannor-yard by springing a Mine under the Wall thereof was got into the Mannor-house with a great number of their Forces which My Lord perceiving he immediately went and drew 80 of the said White-coats thither who with the greatest Courage went close up to the Enemy and having charged them fell Pell-mell with the But-ends of their Musquets upon them and with the assistance of the rest that renewed their Courage by their example kill'd and took 1500 and by that means saved the Town How valiantly they behaved themselves in the last fatal Battel upon Hessom-moor near York has been also declared heretofore in so much that although most of the Army were fled yet they would not stir until by the Enemies Power they were overcome and most of them slain in rank and file Their love and affection to my Lord was such that it lasted even when he was deprived of all his power and could do them little good to which purpose I shall mention this following passage My Lord being in Antwerp received a Visit from a Gentleman who came out of England and rendred My Lord thanks for his safe Escape at Sea My Lord being in amaze not knowing what the Gentleman meant he was pleased to acquaint Him that in his coming over Sea out of England he was set upon by Pickaroons who having examined him and the rest of his Company at last some asked him whether he knew the Marquess of Newcastle To whom he answered That he knew him very well and was going over into the same City where my Lord lived Whereupon they did not onely take nothing from him but used him with all Civility and desired him to remember
their humble duty to their Lord General for they were some of his White-Coats that had escaped death and if my Lord had any service for them they were ready to assist him upon what Designs soever and to obey him in whatsoever he should be pleased to Command them This I mention for the Eternal Fame and Memory of those Valiant and Faithful Men. But to return to the Power my Lord had in the late Warrs As he was the Head of his own Army and had raised it most upon his own Interest for the Service of His Majesty so he was never Ordered by His Majesty's Privy Council except that some Forces of His were kept by His late Majesty which he sent to Him together with some Arms and Ammunition heretofore mentioned until His Highness Prince Rupert came from His Majesty to join with him at the Siege of York He had moreover the Power of Coyning Printing Knighting c. which never any Subject had before when His Soveraign Himself was in the Kingdom as also the Command of so many Counties as is mentioned in the First Book and the Power of placing and displacing what Governours and Commanders he pleased and of constituting what Garisons he thought fit of the chief whereof I shall give you this following list A Particular of the Principal Garisons and the Governors of them constituted by my Lord. In Northumberland NEwcastle upon Tyne Sir Iohn Marley Knight Tynmouth-Castle and Sheilds Sir Thomas Riddal Knight In the Bishoprick of Durham Hartlepool Lieutenant Colonel Henry Lambton Raby-Castle Sir William Savile Knight and Baronet In Yorkshire The City of York Sir Thomas Glenham Knight and Baronet and afterwards when he took the Field the Lord Io. Bellasyse Pomfret-Castle Colonel Mynn and after him Sir Io. Redman Sheffield-Castle Major Beamont Wortly-Hall Sir Francis Wortley Tickhill-Castle Major Mountney Doncaster Sir Francis Fane Knight of the Bath afterwards Governour of Lincoln Sandal-Castle Captain Bonivant Skipton-Castle Sir Iohn Mallary Baronet Bolton-Castle Mr. Scroope Hemsley-Castle Sir Iordan Crosland Scarborough-Castle and Town Sir Hugh Chomley Stamford-Bridg Colonel Galbreth Hallifax Sir Francis Mackworth Tadcaster Sir Gamaliel Dudley Eyrmouth Major Kaughton In Cumberland The City of Carlisle Sir Philip Musgrave Knight and Baronet Cockermouth Colonel Kirby In Nottinghamshire Newark upon Trent Sir Iohn Henderson Knight and afterwards Sir Richard Byron Knight now Lord Byron Wyrton-House Colonel Rowland Hacker Welbeck Colonel Van Peire and after Colonel Beeton Shelford-House Col. Philip Stanhop In Lincolnshire The City of Lincoln first Sir Francis Fane Knight of the Bath secondly Sir Peregrine Bartu Gainsborough Colonel St. George Bullingbrook-Castle Lieutenant Colonel Chester Beluoir-Castle Sir Gervas Lucas In Derbyshire Bolsover-Castle Colonel Muschamp Wingfield Mannor Colonel Roger Molyneux Staly-House the now Lord Fretchwile A LIST of the General OFFICERS of the ARMY 1. THe Lord General the now Duke of Newcastle the Noble Subject of this Book 2. The Lieutenant General of the Army first the Earl of Newport afterwards the Lord Eythin 3. The General of the Ordnance Charles Viscount Mansfield 4. The General of the Horse George Lord Goring 5. The Colonel General of the Army Sir Thomas Glenham 6. The Major General of the Army Sir Francis Mackworth 7. The Lieutenant General of the Horse First Mr. Charles Cavendish after him Sir Charles Lucas 8. Commissary General of Horse First Colonel Windham after him Sir William Throckmorton and after him Mr. George Porter 9. Lieutenant General of the Ordnance Sir William Davenant 10. Treasurer of the Army Sir William Carnaby 11. Advocate-General of the Army Dr. Liddal 12. Quarter-Master General of the Army Mr. Ralph Errington 13. Providore-General of the Army Mr. Gervas Nevil and after Mr. Smith 14. Scout-Master-General of the Army Mr. Hudson 15. Waggon-Master-General of the Army Baptist Iohnson William Lord Widdrington was President of the Council of War and Commander in chief of the three Counties of Lincoln Rutland and Nottingham and the forces there When my Lord marched with his Army to Newcastle against the Scots then the Lord Iohn Bellassis was constituted Governour of York and Commander in Chief or Lieutenant General of York-shire As for the rest of the Officers and Commanders of every particular Regiment and Company they being too numerous cannot well be remembred and therefore I shall give you no particular accompt of them 2. Of His Misfortunes and obstructions ALthough Nature had favour'd My Lord and endued him with the best Qualities and Perfections she could inspire into his soul yet Fortune hath ever been such an inveterate Enemy to him that she invented all the spight and malice against him that lay in her power and notwithstanding his prudent Counsels and Designs cast such obstructions in his way that he seldom proved successful but where he acted in Person And since I am not ignorant that this unjust and partial Age is apt to suppress the worth of meritorious persons and that many will endeavour to obscure my Lords noble Actions and Fame by casting unjust aspersions upon him and laying either out of ignorance or malice Fortunes envy to his charge I have purposed to represent these obstructions which conspired to render his good intentions and endeavours ineffectual and at last did work his ruine and destruction in these following particulars 1. At the time when the Kingdom became so infatuated as to oppose and pull down their Gracious King and Soveraign the Treasury was exhausted and no sufficient means to raise and maintain Armies to reduce his Majesties Rebellious Subjects so that My Lord had little to begin withal but what his own Estate would allow and his Interest procure him 2. When his late Majesty in the beginning of the unhappy Wars sent My Lord to Hull the strongest place in the Kingdom where the Magazine of Arms and Ammunition was kept and he by his prudence had gained it to his Majesties service My Lord was left to the mercy of the Parliament where he had surely suffered for it though he acted not without His Majesties Commission if some of the contrary party had not quitted him in hopes to gain him on their side 3. After His Majesty had sent My Lord to Newcastle upon Tyne to take upon him the Government of that place and he had raised there of Friends and Tenants a troup of Horse and Regiment of Foot which he ordered to conveigh some Arms and Ammunition to His Majesty sent by the Queen out of Holland His Majesty was pleased to keep the same Convoy with him to encrease his own Forces which although it was but of a small number yet at that present time it would have been very serviceable to my Lord he having then but begun to raise Forces 4. When Her Majesty the now Queen-Mother after her arrival out of Holland to York had a purpose to conveigh some Armes to His Majesty My Lord order'd a Party of 1500 to conduct the same which His Majesty was pleased to keep with him for his own
service 5. After Her Majesty had taken a resolution to go from York to Oxford where the King then was my Lord for Her safer conduct quitted 7000 men of his Army with a convenient Train of Artillery which likewise never returned to my Lord. 6. When the Earl of Montross was going into Scotland he went to my Lord at Durham and desired of him a supply of some Forces for His Majesties service where my Lord gave him 200 Horse and Dragoons even at such a time when he stood most in need of a supply himself and thought every day to encounter the Scottish Army 7. When my Lord out of the Northern parts went into Lincoln and Derby-shires with his Army to order and reduce them to their Allegiance and Duty to His Majesty and from thence resolved to march into the Associate Counties where in all porbability he would have made an happy end of the Warr he was so importuned by those he left behind him and particularly the Commander in Chief to return into York-shire alledging the Enemy grew strong and would ruine them all if he came not speedily to succour and assist them that in honour and duty he could do no otherwise but grant their Requests when as yet being returned into those parts he found them secure and safe enough from the Enemies Attempts 8. My Lord as heretofore mentioned had as great private Enemies about His Majesty as he had publick Enemies in the Field who used all the endeavour they could to pull him down 9. There was such Jugling Treachery and Falshood in his own Army and amongst some of his own Officers that it was impossible for my Lord to be prosperous and successful in his Designs and Undertakings 10. My Lord's Army being the chief and greatest Army which His Majesty had and in which consisted His prime Strength and Power the Parliament resolved at last to join all their Forces with the Army of the Scots which when it came out of Scotland was above Twenty thousand Men to oppose and if possible to ruine it well knowing that if they did pull down my Lord they should be Masters of all the Three Kingdoms so that there were Three Armies against One But although my Lord suffered much by the Negligence and sometimes Treachery of his Officers and was unfortunately called back into York-shire from his March he designed for the Associate Counties and was forced to part with a great number of his Forces and Ammunition as aforementioned yet he would hardly have been overcome and his Army ruined by the Enemy had he but had some timely supply and assistance at the Siege of York or that his Counsel had been taken in not fighting the Enemy then or that the Battel had been differ'd some two or three dayes longer until those Forces were arrived which he expected namely three thousand men out of Northumberland and Two thousand drawn out of several Garisons But the chief Misfortune was That the Enemy fell upon the Kings Forces before they were all put into a Battallia and took them at their great disadvantage which caused such a Panick fear amongst them that most of the Horse of the right Wing of His Majesty's Forces betook themselves to their heels insomuch that although the left Wing commanded by the Lord Goring and my Brother Sir Charles Lucas did their best endeavour and beat back the Enemy three times and My Lord 's own Regiment of Foot charged them so couragiously that they never broke but died most of them in their Ranks and Files yet the Power of the Enemy being too strong put them at last to a total rout and confusion Which unlucky disaster put an end to all future hopes of His Majesties Party so that my Lord seeing he had nothing left in his Power to do His Majesty any further service in that kind for had he stayed he would have been forced to surrender all those Towns and Garisons in those parts that were yet in His Majesties Devotion as afterwards it also happen'd resolved to quit the Kingdom as formerly is mentioned And these are chiefly the obstructions to the good success of my Lord's Designs in the late Civil Wars which being rightly considered will save him blameless from what otherwise would be laid to his charge for as according to the old saying 'T is easie for men to swim when they are held up by the chin So on the other side it is very dangerous and difficult for them to endeavour it when they are pulled down by the Heels and beaten upon their Heads 3. Of His Loyalty and Sufferings I dare boldly and justly say That there never was nor is a more Loyal and Faithful Subject then My Lord Not to mention the Trust he discharged in all those imployments which either King Iames or King Charles the First or His now Gracious Master King Charles the Second were pleased to bestow upon him which he performed with such care and fidelity that he never disobeyed their Commands in the least I will onely note 1. That he was the First that appear'd in Armes for His Majesty and engaged Himself and all his Friends he could for His Majesties Service and though he had but two Sons which were young and one onely Brother yet they all were with him in the Wars His two Sons had Commands but His Brother though he had no Command by reason of the weakness of his body yet he was never from My Lord when he was in action even to the last for he was the last with my Lord in the Field in that fatal Battel upon Hessom-moor near York and though my Brother Sir Charles Lucas desired my Lord to send his Sons away when the said Battel was fought yet he would not saying His Sons should shew their Loyalty and Duty to His Majesty in venturing their lives as well as Himself 2. My Lord was the chief and onely Person that kept up the Power of His late Majesty for when his Army was lost all the Kings Party was ruined in all three of his Majesties Kingdoms because in his Army lay the chief strength of all the Royal Forces it being the greatest and best formed Army which His Majesty had and the onely support both of his Majesties Person and Power and of the hopes of all his Loyal Subjects in all his Dominions 3. My Lord was 16 Years in Banishment and hath lost and suffered most of any subject that suffer'd either by War or otherways except those that lost their lives and even that he valued not but exposed it to so eminent dangers that nothing but Heavens Decree had ordained to save it 4. He never minded his own Interest more then his Loyaltie and Duty and upon that account never desired nor received any thing from the Crown to enrich himself but spent great sums in His Majesties Service so that after his long banishment and return into England I observed his ruined Estate was like an Earthquake and his
his famous Name Blood and Office of large Honours has been eminent in so many and so great Services performed to Us and Our Father of ever blessed memory that his Merits are still producing new effects We have decreed likewise to add more Honour to his former And though these his such eminent Actions which he hath faithfully and valiantly performed to Us Our Father and Our Kingdom speak loud enough in themselves yet since the valiant Services of a good Subject are always pleasant to remember We have thought fit to have them in part related for a good Example and Encouragement to Virtue The great proofs of his Wisdom and Piety are sufficiently known to Us from Our younger years and We shall alwayes retain a sense of those good Principles he instilled into Us the Care of Our Youth which he happily undertook for Our good he as faithfully and well discharged Our years growing up amidst bad Times and the harsh Necessities of Warr a new Charge and Care of Loyaltie the Kingdom and Religion call'd him off to make use of his further Diligence and Valour Rebellion spread abroad he levied Loyal Forces in great numbers opposed the Enemy won so many and so great Victories in the Field took in so many Towns Castles and Garisons as well in Our Northern parts as elsewhere and behaved himself with so great Courage and Valour in the defending also what he had got especially at the Siege of York which he maintain'd against three Potent Armies of Scots and English closely beleaguering and with emulation assaulting it for three Months till Relief was brought to the wonder and envy of the Enemy that if Loyal and Humane Force could have prevailed he had soon restored Fidelity Peace and his KING to the Nation which was then hurrying to Ruine by an unhappy Fate So that Rebellion getting the upper hand and no place being left for him to act further valiantly in for his King and Countrey he still retain'd the same Loyalty and Valour in suffering being an inseparable Follower of Our Exile during which sad Catastrophe his whole Estate was sequestred and sold from him and his Person alwayes one of the first of those few who were excepted both for Life and Estate which was offer'd to all others Besides his Virtues are accompanied with a Noble Blood being of a Family by each Stock equally adorn'd and endow'd with great Honours and Riches For which Reasons We have resolv'd to grace the said Marquess with a new Mark of our Favour he being every way deserving of it as one who lov'd vertue equal to his Noble Birth and possess'd Patrimonies suitable to both as long as loyalty had any place to shew it self in our Realm which possessions he so well employ'd and at last for Us and Our Fathers service lost till he was with Us restor'd Know therefore c. 4. Of his Prudence and Wisdom MY Lord's Prudence and Wisdom hath been sufficiently apparent both in his Publick and Private Actions and Imployments for he hath such a Natural Inspection and Judicious Observation of things that he sees beforehand what will come to pass and orders his affairs accordingly To which purpose I cannot but mention that Laud the then Archbishop of Canterbury between whom and my Lord interceded a great and intire Friendship which he confirmed by a Legacy of a Diamond to the value of 200 l. left to my Lord when he died which was much for him to bequeath for though he was a great Statesman and in favour with his late Majesty yet he was not covetous to hoard up wealth but bestowed it rather upon the Publick repairing the Cathedral of St. Pauls in London which had God granted him life he would certainly have beautified and rendred as famous and glorious as any in Christendom This said Arch-Bishop was pleased to tell His late Majesty that my Lord was one of the Wisest and Prudentest Persons that ever he was acquainted with For further proof I cannot pass by that my Lord told His late Majesty King Charles the First and Her Majesty the now Queen-Mother some time before the Wars That he observed by the humours of the People the approaching of a Civil War and that His Majesties Person would be in danger of being deposed if timely care was not taken to prevent it Also when my Lord was at Antwerp the Marquess of Montross before he went into Scotland gave my Lord a Visit and acquainted him with his intended Journey asking my Lord whether he was not also going for England My Lord answer'd He was ready to do His Majesty what service he could and would shun no opportunity where he perceived he could effect something to His Majesties advantage Nay said he if His Majesty should be pleased to Command my single Person to go against the whole Army of the Enemy although I was sure to lose my life yet out of a Loyal Duty to His Majesty and in Obedience to his Commands I should never refufe it But to venture said he the life of my Friends and to betray them in a desperate action without any probability of doing the least good to His Majesty would be a very unjust and unconscionable act for my Friends might perhaps venture with me upon an implicite Faith that I was so honest as not to engage them without a firm and solid foundation but I wanting that as having no Ships Armes Ammunition Provision Forts and places of Rendezvous and what is the chief thing Money To what purpose would it be to draw them into so hazardous an Action but to seek their ruine and destruction without the least benefit to His Majesty Then the Marquess of Montross asked my Lord's Advice and what he should do in such a case My Lord answer'd That he knowing best his own Countrey Power and Strength and what probability he had of Forces and other Necessaries for Warr when he came into Scotland could give himself the best advice but withall told him That if he had no Provision nor Ammunition Armes and places of Rendezvous for his men to meet and join he would likely be forced to hide his head and suffer for his rash undertaking Which unlucky Fate did also accordingly befall that worthy Person These passages I mention to no other end but to declare my Lord's Judgment and Prudence in worldly Affairs whereof there are so many that if I should set them all down it would swell this History to a big Volume They may in some sort be gather'd from his actions mentioned heretofore especially the ordering of his affairs in the time of Warr with such Conduct Prudence and Wisdom that notwithstanding at the beginning of his Undertaking that great Trust and honourable Employment which His late Majesty was pleased to confer upon him he saw so little appearance of performing his Designs with good success His Majesty's Revenues being then much weakned and the Magazines and publick Purse in the Enemies Power besides several other
obstructions and hinderances yet as he undertook it chearfully and out of pure Loyalty and Obedience to His Majesty so he ordered it so wisely that so long as he acted by his own Counsels and was personally present at the execution of his Designs he was always prosperous in his Success And although he had so great an Army as aforementioned yet by his wise and prudent Conduct there appear'd no visible sign of devastation in any of the Countreys where he marched for first he setled a constant Rule for the Regular levy of money for the convenient Maintenance of the Soldiery Next he constituted such Officers of his Army that most of them were known to be Gentlemen of large and fair Estates which drew a good part of their private Revenues to serve and support them in their publick Employments wherein my Lord did lead them the way by his own good Example To which may be added his wisdom in ordering the Government of the Church for the advancement of the Orthodox Religion and suppression of Factions as also in Coyning Printing Knighting and the like which he used with great discretion and prudence onely for the Interest of His Majesty and the benefit of the Kingdom as formerly has been mentioned The Prudent mannage of his private and domestick affairs appears sufficiently 1. In his Marriage 2. In the ordering and increasing his Estate before the Wars which notwithstanding his Noble House-keeping and Hospitality and his Generous Bounty and Charity he increased to the value of 100000 l. 3. In the ordering his Affairs in the time of Banishment where although he received not the least of his own estate during all the time of his exile until his return yet maintained himself handsomely and nobly according to his Quality as much as his Condition at that time would permit 4. In reducing his torn and ruined Estate after his return which beyond all probability himself hath setled and order'd so that his Posterity will have reason gratefully to remember it In short Although my Lord naturally loves not business especially those of State though he understands them as well as any body yet what business or affairs he cannot avoid none will do them better then himself His private affairs he orders without any noise or trouble not over-hastily but wisely Neither is he passionate in acting of business but hears patiently and orders soberly and pierces into the heart or bottom of a business at the first encounter but before all things he considers well before he undertakes a business whether he be able to go through it or no for he never ventures upon either publick or private business beyond his strength And here I cannot forbear to mention that my Noble Lord when he was in banishment presumed out of his Duty and Love to his Gracious Master our now Soveraign King Charles the Second to write and send him a little Book or rather a Letter wherein he delivered his Opinion concerning the Government of his Dominions whensoever God should be pleased to restore him to his Throne together with some other Notes and Observations of Foreign States and Kingdoms but it being a private offer to His sacred Majesty I dare not presume to publish it 5. Of His Blessings ALthough my Lord hath been one of the most Unfortunate Persons of his Rank and Quality which this later age did produce yet Heaven hath been so propitious to him that it bestowed some blessings upon him even in the midst of his Misfortunes and supported him against Fortunes Malice which otherwise as it seems had designed his total ruine and destruction Of these Blessings I may name in the first place 1. The Royal Favours of His Gracious Soveraign's and the good esteem they had of his Fidelity and Loyalty which as it was the chief of his endeavours so he esteemed it above all the rest To repeat them particularly would be too tedious and they are sufficiently apparent out of the precedent History onely this I may add that King Charles the First out of a singular Favour to my Lord was pleased upon his most humble request to create several Noble-men the Names of them left I commit an offence I shall not mention by reason most men usually pretend such claimes upon the Ground of their own Merit 2. That God was pleased to bless him with Wealth and Power to enable him the better for the service of his King and Country 3. That he made him happy in his Marriage for his first Wife was a very kind loving and Virtuous Lady and bless'd him with Dutiful and Obedient Children free from Vices Noble and Generous both in ther Natures and Actions who did all that lay in their power to support and relieve my Lord their Father in his Banishment as before is mentioned 4. The Kindness and Civility which my Lord received from Strangers and the Inhabitants of those places where he lived during the time of his Banishment for had it not been for them he would have perished in his extream wants but it pleased God so to provide for him that although he wanted an Estate yet he wanted not Credit and although he was banished and forsaken by his own Friends and Country-men yet he was civilly received and relieved by strangers until God bless'd him Lastly With a happy return to his Native Country his dear Children and his own Estate which although he found much ruined and broke yet by his Prudence and Wisdom hath order'd as well as he could and I hope and pray God to add this blessing to all the rest That he may live long to encrease it for the benefit of his Posterity 6. Of his Honours and Dignities THe Honours Titles and Dignities which were conferr'd upon my Lord by King Iames King Charles the First and King Charles the Second partly as an encouragement for future Service and a Reward for past are following 1. He was made Knight of the Bath when he was but 15 or 16 years of Age at the Creation of Henry Prince of Wales King Iames's Eldest Son 2. King Iames Created him Viscount Mansfield and Baron of Bolsover 3. King Charles the First constituted him Lord Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire and 4. Lord Warden of the Forrest of Sherwood as also 5. Lord Lieutenant of Derby-shire 6. He chose him Governour to His Son Charles our now gracious King and 7. Made him one of his Honourable Privy Council 8. He constituted him Governour of the Town and County of Newcastle and General of all His Majesties Forces raised and to be raised in the Northern parts of England as also of the several Counties of Nottingham Lincoln Rutland Derby Stafford Leicester Warwick Northampton Huntington Cambridg Norfolk Sussex Essex and Hereford together with all the Appurtenances belonging to so great a Power as is formerly declared 9. He conferr'd upon him the Honour and Title of Earl of Newcastle and Baron of Bothal and Hepple 10. He created him Marquess of Newcastle 11. His
Majesty King CHARLEs the Second was pleased when my Lord was in banishment to make him Knight of the most Noble Order of the Garter And 12. After his Return into England Chief Justice in Eyre Trent-North 13. He created him Duke of Newcastle and Earl of Ogle 7. Of the Entertainments He made for King CHARLES the First THough my Lord hath alwayes been free and noble in his Entertainments and Feastings yet he was pleased to shew his great Affection and Duty to his Gracious King Charles the First and Her Majesty the Queen in some particular Entertainments which he made of purpose for them before the late Warrs When His Majesty was going into Scotland to be Crowned he took His way through Nottinghamshire and lying at Worksop-Mannor hardly two miles distant from Welbeck where my Lord then was my Lord invited His Majesty thither to a Dinner which he was graciously pleased to accept of This Entertainment cost my Lord between Four and Five thousand pounds which His Majesty liked so well that a year after His Return out of Scotland He was pleased to send my Lord word That Her Majesty the Queen was resolved to make a Progress into the Northern parts desiring him to prepare the like Entertainment for Her as he had formerly done for Him Which My Lord did and endeavour'd for it with all possible Care and Indudustry sparing nothing that might add splendor to that Feast which both Their Majesties were pleased to honour with their Presence Ben Iohnson he employed in fitting such Scenes and Speeches as he could best devise and sent for all the Gentry of the Country to come and wait on their Majesties and in short did all that ever he could imagine to render it Great and worthy Their Royal Acceptance This Entertainment he made at Bolsover-Castle in Derbyshire some five miles distant from Welbeck and resigned Welbeck for Their Majesties Lodging it cost him in all between Fourteen and Fifteen thousand pounds Besides these two there was another small Entertainment which my Lord prepared for His late Majesty in his own Park at Welbeck when His Majesty came down with his two Nephews the now Prince Elector Palatine and His Brother Prince Rupert into the Forrest of Sherwood which cost him Fifteen hundred pounds And this I mention not out of a vain-glory but to declare the great love and Duty my Lord had for His Gracious King and Queen and to correct the mistakes committed by some Historians who not being rightly informed of those Entertainments make the World believe Falshood for Truth But as I said they were made before the Warrs when my Lord had the possessiou of a great Estate and wanted nothing to express his Love and Duty to his Soveraign in that manner whereas now he should be much to seek to do the like his Estate being so much ruined by the late Civil Wars that neither himself nor his Posterity will be able so soon to recover it 8. His Education HIs Education was according to his Birth for as he was born a Gentleman so he was bred like a Gentleman To School-Learning he never shew'd a great inclination for though he was sent to the University and was a Student of St. Iohn's Colledg in Cambridg and had his Tutors to instruct him yet they could not perswade him to read or study much he taking more delight in sports then in learning so that his Father being a wise man and seeing that his Son had a good natural Wit and was of a very good Disposition suffer'd him to follow his own Genius whereas his other Son Charles in whom he found a greater love and inclination to Learning he encouraged as much that way as possibly he could One time it hapned that a young Gentleman one of my Lord's Relations had bought some Land at the same time when my Lord had bought a Singing-Boy for 50 l. a Horse for 50 l. and a Dog for 2 l. which humour his Father Sir Charles liked so well that he was pleased to say That if he should find his Son to be so covetous that he would buy Land before he was 20 years of Age he would disinherit him But above all the rest my Lord had a great inclination to the Art of Horsemanship and Weapons in which later his Father Sir Charles being a most ingenuous and unparallell'd Master of that Age was his onely Tutor and kept him also several Masters in the Art of Horsemanship and sent him to the Mewse to Mons. Antoine who was then accounted the best Master in that Art But my Lord's delight in those Heroick Exercises was such that he soon became Master thereof Himself which encreased much his Father's hopes of his future perfections who being himself a person of a Noble and Heroick nature was extreamly well pleased to observe his Son take delight in such Arts and Exercises as were proper and fit for a person of Quality 9. His Natural Wit and Vnderstanding ALthough my Lord has not so much of Scholarship and Learning as his Brother Sir Charles Cavendish had yet he hath an excellent Natural Wit and Judgment and dives into the bottom of every thing as it is evidently apparent in the forementioned Art of Horsemanship and Weapons which by his own ingenuity he has reformed and brought to such perfection as never any one has done heretofore And though he is no Mathematician by Art yet he hath a very good Mathematical brain to demonstrate Truth by natural reason and is both a good Natural and Moral Philosopher not by reading Philosophical Books but by his own Natural Understanding and Observation by which he hath found out many Truths To pass by several other instances I 'le but mention that when my Lord was at Paris in his Exile it happen'd one time that he discoursing with some of his Friends amongst whom was also that Learned Philosopher Hobbes they began amongst the rest to argue upon this subject namely Whether it mere possible to make Man by Art fly as Birds do and when some of the Company had delivered their Opinion viz. That they thought it probable to be done by the help of Artificial Wings My Lord declared that he deemed it altogether impossible and demonstrared it by this following Reason Man's Armes said he are not set on his shoulders in the same manner as Bird's wings are for that part of the Arm which joins to the Shoulder is in Man placed inward as towards the breast but in Birds outward as toward the back which difference and contrary position or shape hinders that man cannot have the same flying-action with his Armes as Birds have with their Wings Which Argument Mr. Hobbes liked so well that he was pleased to make use of it in one of his Books called Leviathan if I remember well Some other time they falling into a Discourse concerning Witches Mr. Hobbes said That though he could not rationally believe there were Witches yet he could not be fully satisfied
and what advantage they could make by their Employments My Lord smilingly answer'd That for the generality he knew not what they could get but danger loss and labour for their pains Then I ask'd him Whether Generals of Great Armies were ever enriched by their Heroick Exploits and great Victories My Lord answer'd That ordinary Commanders gained more and were better rewarded then great Generals To which I added That I had observ'd the same in Histories namely That men of great Merit and Power had not onely no Rewards but were either found fault withall or laid aside when they had no more business or employment for them and that I could not conceive any reason for it but that States were afraid of their Power My Lord answer'd The reason was That it was far more easie to reward Under-Officers then Great Commanders LXXXI My Lord having since the Return from his Banishment set up a Race of Horses instead of those he lost by the Warrs uses often to ride through his Park to see his Breed One time it chanced when he went thorough it that he espied some labouring-men sawing of Woods that were blown down by the Wind for some particular uses at vvhich my Lord turning to his Attendants said That he had been at that Work a great part of his life They not knovving vvhat my Lord meant but thinking he jested I speak very seriously added he and not in jest for you see that this Tree which is blown down by the Wind although it was sound and strong yet it could not withstand its force and now it is down it must be cut in pieces and made serviceable for several uses whereof some will serve for Building some for Paling some for Firing c. In the like manner said he have I been cut down by the Lady Fortune and being not able to resist so Powerful a Princess I have been forced to make the best use of my Misfortunes as the Chips of my Estate LXXXII My Lord discoursing one time with some of his Friends of judging of other mens Natures Dispositions and Actions and some observing that men could not possibly know or judg of them the events of mens actions falling out oftentimes contrary to their intentions so that where they hit once they fail'd twenty times in their Judgments My Lord answer'd That his Judgment in that point seldom did miss although he thought it weaker then theirs The reason is said he Because I judg most men to be like my self that is to say Fools when as you do judg them all according to your self that is Wise men and since there are more Fools in the World then Wise men I may sooner guess right then you for though my judgment roves at random yet it can never miss of Errors which yours will never do except you can dive into other mens Follies by the length of your own line and found their bottom by the weight of your own Plummet for the depth of Folly is beyond the line of Wisdom Besides said he You believe that other men would do as you would have them or as you would do to them wherein you are mistaken for most men do the contrary In short Folly is bottomless and hath no end but Wisdom hath bounds to all her designs otherwise she would never compass them LXXXIII My Lord discoursing some time with a Learned Doctor of Divinity concerning Faith said That in his opinion the wisest way for a man was to have as little Faith as he could for this World and as much as he could for the next World LXXXIV In some Discourse with my Lord I told him that I did speak sharpest to those I loved best To which he jestingly answered That if so then he would not have me love him best LXXXV After my Lords return from a long Banishment when he had been in the Countrey some time and endeavoured to pick up some Gleanings of his ruined Estate it chanced that the Widow of Charles Lord Mansfield My Lords Eldest Son afterwards Duchess of Richmond to whom the said Lord of Mansfield had made a joynture of 2000 l. a Year died not long after her second marriage for whose death though My Lord was heartily sorry and would willingly have lost the said Money had it been able to save her life Yet discoursing one time merrily with his Friends was pleased to say That though his Earthly King and Master seem'd to have forgot him yet the King of Heaven had remembred him for he had given him 2000 l. a Year SOME FEW NOTES OF THE AUTHORESSE I. IT was far more difficult in the late Civil Wars for my Lord to raise an Army for His Majesties Service then it was for the Parliament to raise an Army against His Majesty Not onely because the Parliament were many and my Lord but one single Person but by reason a Kingly or Monarchical Government was then generally disliked and most part of the Kingdom proved Rebellious and assisted the Parliament either with their Purses or Persons or both when as the Army which my Lord raised for the defence and maintenance of the King and his Rights was raised most upon his own and his Friends Interest For it is frequently seen and known by woful Experience that rebellious and factious Parties do more suddenly and nnmerously flock together to act a mischievous design then loyal and honest men to assist or maintain a just Cause and certainly 't is much to be lamented that evil men should be more industrious and prosperous then good and that the Wicked should have a more desperate Courage then the Virtuous an active Valour II. I have observed That many by flattering Poets have been compared to Caesar without desert but this I dare freely and without flattery say of my Lord That though he had not Caesars Fortune yet he wanted not Caesars Courage nor his Prudence nor his good Nature nor his Wit Nay in some particulars he did more then Caesar ever did for though Caesar had a great Army yet he was first set out by the State or Senators of Rome who were Masters almost of all the World when as my Lord raised his Army as before is mentioned most upon his own Interest he having many Friends and Kindred in the Northern parts at such a time when his Gracious King and Soveraign was then not Master of his own Kingdoms He being over-power'd by his rebellious Subjects III. I have observed That my Noble Lord has always had an aversion to that kind of Policy that now is commonly practised in the world which in plain tearms is Dissembling Flattery and Cheating under the cover of Honesty Love and Kindness But I have heard him say that the best Policy is to act justly honestly and wisely and to speak truly and that the old Proverb is true To be wise is to be honest For said he That man of what Condition Quality or Profession soever that is once found out to deceive either in
THE LIFE OF THE Thrice Noble High and Puissant PRINCE William Cavendishe Duke Marquess and Earl of Newcastle Earl of Ogle Viscount Mansfield and Baron of Bolsover of Ogle Bothal and Hepple Gentleman of His Majesties Bed-chamber one of His Majesties most Honourable Privy-Councel Knight of the most Noble Order of the Garter His Majesties Lieutenant of the County and Town of Nottingham and Justice in Ayre Trent-North who had the honour to be Governour to our most Glorious King and Gracious Soveraign in his Youth when He was Prince of Wales and soon after was made Captain General of all the Provinces beyond the River of Trent and other Parts of the Kingdom of England with Power by a special Commission to make Knights WRITTEN By the thrice Noble Illustrious and Excellent Princess MARGARET Duchess of Newcastle His Wife LONDON Printed by A. Maxwell in the Year 1667. To His most Sacred MAJESTY Charles the Second By the Grace of God of England Scotland France and Ireland King Defender of the Faith c. May it please Your Majesty I Have in confidence of your Gracious acceptance taken the boldness or rather the presumption to dedicate to Your Majesty this short History which is as full of Truths as words of the Actions and Sufferings of Your most Loyal Subject my Lord and Husband by Your Majesties late favour Duke of Newcastle who when Your Majesty was Prince of Wales was Your most careful Governour and honest Servant Give me therefore leave to relate here that I have heard him often say He loves Your Royal Person so dearly that He would most willingly upon all occasions sacrifice his Life and Posterity for Your Majesty whom that Heaven will everbless is the Prayer of Your most Obedient Loyal humble Subject and Servant Margaret Newcastle TO HIS GRACE THE Duke of Newcastle My Noble Lord It hath always been my hearty Prayer to God since I have been your Wife That first I might prove an honest and good Wife whereof your Grace must be the onely Iudg Next That God would be pleased to enable me to set forth and declare to after-ages the truth of your loyal actions and endeavours for the service of your King and Country For the accomplishing of which design I have followed the best and truest Observations of your Secretary John Rolleston and your Lordships own Relations and have accordingly writ the History of your Lordships Life which although I have endeavoured to render as perspicuous as ever I could yet one thing I find hath much darkned it which is that your Grace commanded me not to mention any thing or passage to the prejudice or disgrace of any Family or particular person although they might be of great truth and would illustrate much the actions of your Life which I have dutifully performed to satisfie your Lordship whose Nature is so Generous that you are as well pleased to obscure the faults of your Enemies as you are to divulge the vertues of your Friends And certainly My Lord you have had as many Enemies and as many Friends as ever any one particular person had and I pray God to forgive the one and prosper the other Nor do I so much wonder at it since I a Woman cannot be exempt from the malice and aspersions of spightful tongues which they cast upon my poor Writings some denying me to be the true Authoress of them for your Grace remembers well that those Books I put out first to the judgment of this censorious Age were accounted not to be written by a Woman but that some body else had writ and publish'd them in my Name by which your Lordship was moved to prefix an Epistle before one of them in my vindication wherein you assure the world upon your honour That what was written and printed in my name was my own and I have also made known that your Lordship was my onely Tutor in declaring to me what you had found and observed by your own experience for I being young when your Lordship married me could not have much knowledg of the world But it pleased God to command his Servant Nature to indue me with a Poetical and Philosophical Genius even from my Birth for I did write some Books in that kind before I was twelve years of Age which for want of good method and order I would never divulge But though the world would not believe that those Conceptions and Fancies which I writ were my own but transcended my capacity yet they found fault that they were defective for want of Learning and on the other side they said I had pluckt Feathers out of the Universities which was a very preposterous judgment Truly My Lord I confess that for want of Scholarship I could not express my self so well as otherwise I might have done in those Philosophical Writings I publish'd first but after I was returned with your Lordship into my Native Country and led a retired Country life I applied my self to the reading of Philosophical Authors of purpose to learn those names and words of Art that are used in Schools which at first were so hard to me that I could not understand them but was fain to guess at the sense of them by the whole context and so writ them down as I found them in those Authors at which my Readers did wonder and thought it impossible that a Woman could have so much Learning and Vnderstanding in Terms of Art and Scholastical Expressions so that I and my Books are like the old Apologue mention'd in AEsop of a Father and his Son who rid on an Ass through a Town when his Father went on Foot at which sight the People shouted and cried shame that a young Boy should ride and let his Father an old man go on Foot whereupon the old Man got upon the Ass and let his Son go by but when they came to the next Town the People exclaimed against the Father that he a lusty man should ride and have no more pity of his young and tender child but let him go on foot Then both the Father and his Son got upon the Ass and coming to the third Town the People blamed them both for being so unconscionable as to over-burden the poor Ass with their heavy weight After this both Father and Son went on foot and led the Ass and when they came to the fourth Town the People railed as much at them as ever the former had done and called them both Fools for going on foot when they had a Beast able to carry them The old Man seeing he could not please Mankind in any manner and having received so many blemishes and aspersions for the sake of his Ass was at last resolved to drown him when he came to the next bridg But I am not so passionate to burn by Writings for the various humours of Mankind and for their finding fault since there is nothing in this world be it the noblest and most commendable action whatsoever that
chiefly it appears by the rate as my Lords Estate is let at present there being several of the mentioned Lands that are let at a higher rate now then they were surveighed nor are they all valued in the mentioned particular according to the surveigh but many of them which were not surveighed are accounted according to the rate they are let at this present The Loss of my Lords Estate in plain Rents as also upon ordinary Use and Use upon Use is as followeth The Annual Rent of My Lords Lands viz. 22393 l. 10 s. 1 d. being lost for the space of 18 years which was the time of his acting in the Wars and of his Banishment without any benefit to him reckoned without any Interest amounts to 403083 l. But being accounted with the ordinary Use at Six in the Hundred and Use upon Use for the mentioned space of 18 Years it amounts to 733579 l. But some perhaps will say That if My Lord had enjoyed his Estate he would have spent it at least so much as to maintain himself according to his degree and quality I answer That it is very improbable My Lord should have spent all his Estate if he had enjoyed it he being a man of great Wisdom and Prudence knowing well how to spend and how to manage for though he lived nobly before the time of the Wars yet not beyond the Compass of his Estate nay so far he would have been from spending his Estate that no doubt but he would have increast it to a vast value as he did before the Wars where notwithstanding his Hospitality and noble House-keeping his charges of Building came to about 31000 l the portion of his second Daughter which was 12000 l the noble entertainments he gave King Charles the First one whereof came to almost 15000 l. another to above 4000 l and a third to 1700 l. as hereafter shall be mentioned and his great expences during the time of his being Governour to His Majesty that now is he yet encreased his Estate to the value of 100000 l which is 5000 per annum when it was by so much less But if any one will reckon the charges of his House-keeping during the time of his Exile and when he had not the enjoyment of his Estate he may substract the sum accounted for the payment of his debts contracted in the time of his Banishment which went to the maintenance of himself and his Family or in lieu thereof considering that I do not account all My Lords losses but onely those that are certainly known he may compare it with the loss of his personal Estate whereof I shall make some mention anon and he 'll find that I do not heighten my Lords Losses but rather diminish them for surely the losses of his personal Estate and those I account not will counterballance the charges of his House-keeping if not exceed them Again others will say That there was much Land sold in the time of My Lords Banishment by his Sons and Feoffees in Trust. I answer First That whatsoever was sold was first bought of the Rebellious Power Next although they sold some Lands yet My Lord knew nothing of it neither did he receive a penny worth for himself neither of what they purchased nor sold all the time of his Banishment till his return And thus much of the loss of My Lords Estate in Rents Concerning the loss of his Parks and Woods as much as is generally known for I do not reckon particular Trees cut down in several of his Woods yet standing 't is as follows 1. Clipston-Park and Woods cut down to the value of 20000 l. 2. Kirkby-Woods for which my Lord was formerly proferr'd 10000 l. 3. Woods cut down in Derbyshire 8000 l. 4. Red-lodg-Wood Rome-wood and others near Welbeck 4000 l. 5. Woods cut down in Stafford-shire 1000 l. 6. Woods cut down in York-shire 1000 l. 7. Woods cut down in Northumberland 1500 l. The Total 45000 l. The Lands which My Lord hath lost in present posession are 2015 l. per annum which at 20 years purchase come to 40300 l. and those which he hath lost in Reversion are 3214 l. per annum which at 16 years purchase amount to the value of 51424 l. The Lands which my Lord since his return has sold for the payment of some of his debts occasioned by the Wars for I do not reckon those he sold to buy others come to the value of 56000 l. to which out of his yearly revenue he has added 10000 l. more which is in all 66000 l. Lastly The Composition of his Brothers Estate was 5000 l. and the loss of it for eight years comes to 16000 l. All which if summ'd up together amounts to 941303 l. These are the accountable losses which My Dear Lord and Husband has suffered by the late Civil Wars and his Loyalty to his King and Country Concerning the loss of his personal Estate since as I often mentioned it cannot be exactly known I shall not endeavour to set down the Particulars thereof onely in General give you a Note of what partly they are 1. The pulling down of several of his dwelling or Mannor-houses 2. The disfurnishing of them of which the Furniture at Bolsover and Welbeck was very noble and rich Out of his London-house at Clarken-well there were taken amongst other Goods suits of Linnen viz. Table-Cloths Sideboard-cloths Napkins c. whereof one suit cost 160 l. they being bought for an Entertainment which My Lord made for Their Majesties King Charles the First and the Queen at Bolsover-Castle And of 150 Suits of Hangings of all sorts in all his Houses there were not above 10 or 12 saved Of Silver-plate My Lord had so much as came to the value of 3800 l. besides several Curiosities of Cabinets Cups and other things which after My Lord was gone out of England were taken out of his Mannor house Welbeck by a Garison of the Kings Party that lay therein whereof he recovered onely 1100 l. which Money was sent him beyond the Seas the rest was lost As for Pewter Brass Bedding Linnen and other Houshold-stuff there was nothing else left but some few old Feather-beds and those all spoiled and fit for no use 3. My Lord's Stock of Corn Cattel c. was very great before the Warrs by reason of the largeness and capacity of those grounds and the great number of Granges he kept for his own use as for example Barlow Carkholston Gleadthorp Welbeck and several more which were all well manured and stockt But all this stock was lost besides his Race of Horses in his Grounds Grange-Horses Hackny-Horses Mannage-Horses Coach-Horses and others he kept for his use To these Losses I may well and justly join the charges which my Lord hath been put to since his return into England by reason they were caused by the ruines of the said Warrs whereof I reckon 1. His Law-suits which have been very chargeable to him more then advantagious 2. The