THE SWEDISH INTELLIGENCER The first part WHEREIN OVT OF THE TRVEST And choysest Informations are the famous Actions of that warlike Prince Historically led along from his Majesties first entring into the EMPIRE vntill his great Victory over the Generall TILLY at the Battell of Leipsich The times and places of every Action being so sufficiently observed and described that the Reader may finde both Truth and Reason in it LONDON Printed for Nath Butter and Nicolas Bourne 1632. ¶ The Contents and Methode of the whole I. A Discourse vpon the Dyet of Ratisbone which Dyet bred the Discontents of the Protestants and enforced them to the Conclusions of Leipsich II. The Dyet of the Protestant Princes of Leipsich and their Resolutions and Actions vpon it Historically led along vnto the day of their joyning with the King of Sweden III. A briefe Chronicle of the King of Swedens Actions from his first landing in Germany vntill his great Victory over Tilly. IIII. The Proceedings of Monsieur Tilly Generall of the Catholike League by himselfe from his first comming against the King vntill his great defeate before Leipsich ¶ THE PREFACE TO THE READER IVdicious and favourable Reader Out of our high respect vnto that Caesar and Alexander of our times that admirably victorious King of Sweden wee haue here and for thy pleasure too adventured vpon an Essay of his Story which if liked may encourage vs to continue it Not out of any confidence that ours is a Chronicle worthy enough for such heroick performances a Polibius or a Tacitus were little enough for that but our intention chiefly is to provoke some abler Pen some better instructed Intelligencer to doe it and if such a one controll or mend vs wee will not be angry If you here demaund out of what Instructions wee haue furnisht our Intelligencer be pleased to know that nothing is willingly feigned or wilfully falsified The errors that be in it are errors of ignorance all Some part of it was received from the papers of an honourable personage a Commaunder of prime credit and activitie with that victorious King Wee haue beene made to vnderstand much of these Actions by discourse with another gallant Gentleman and he also a great Commaunder in the Army Some printed High Dutch bookes wee haue had For some things we haue had private writing and from good hands too In other things we haue made vse of Gallobelgicus especially where he deales vpon publick Record and where we thought the poore man durst speake freely Some times sure he writes but by Commission and is every where sparing in reporting the Emperours losses And yet in this to take away all exception we haue followed him too notwithstanding wee by others found greater numbers and defeates specified Very good vse haue wee made of the Weekely Currantoes too which if a man of judgement reades he shall for the most part finde especially of latter times very true and very punctuall Whosoever will be cunning in the Topography of Germany and would vnderstand these warres let him not despise Currantoes All this lastly hath passed the allowance of a Gentleman of the best judgement and intelligence for these matters in the Kingdome Wee haue every where dealt candidely not magnifying the King nor derogating from his enemies not left out or put in for favour or advantage Our methode is this to handle every Story by it selfe and then to bring all together at the day of Battell Carefull haue we beene yea no small paines haue we taken to note the times and to describe the places of the most famous actions We haue examined the dates with diligeÌ„ce and still had fiue Maps before vs of the same place The Imperiall Dyet of Ratisbone which was well hoped would haue mended all leaving things farre more desperate on the Protestants partie necessitated a Resolution in the Princes of that Confession rather to dye free then to liue slaues Hence their Dyet of Leipsich And because these Leaguers were at first of an Vnion by themselues we haue briefly therefore and vpon the Bye first handled their warlike preparations vntill the day of their joyning with the King The same haue we done with the Kings Story gone along with it from his Majesties first landing The Kings having of many Armies in the field at once troubled vs not a little at the first to finde with which of all these Armyes the King in person should be but wee after a while perceived that this most industrious Chieftaine was able to serve more Cures at once then one and that he was so vigilant vpon every occasion that there were few great Actions which himselfe was not at one end of Many a brave Generall he hath The Lord Oxensterne a Sweden borne and Lord Chancellor of that Kingdome Generall all this while of a particular Army in Prussia to waite vpon the Poâ—e and his motions The Lord Falkenburg a Germane borne and Lord Chamberlayn of his Majesties houshold vnfortunately slaine in Magdenburg The Lord Gustavus Horne a Finlander and still Generall of a particular Army by himselfe with whom the Lord Marquesse Hamilton is associated The Lord Otho Todt for brevities sake call'd Otty-todt or Todt a Swede Generall of his Majesties Horse Sir Iohn Bannier a Germane and a braue Souldier Generall of the Foote or Infantery all these you finde frequent and honorable mention of and yet hath the King himselfe beene at the most of the businesse All particular actions it had beene impossible for vs to haue toucht vpon therefore haue we endevored to relate the famousest whether Sieges Battels Marches Encampings or Removings orderly leading all along vnto the great day of battell It would haue perplexed our methode to haue mentioned every particular supply that the King hath had those therefore wee desire the Readers to imagine For example he landed but 11. Regiments or thousands of Foote at first yet within a moneth was his Army full 20000. strong which daily increased also His numbers indeede were never great he had but 5000. men for the most part and never aboue 7000. in all his late warres of Prussia against the Pole and yet with them hath he fought severall Battels beaten out or wearied out two Imperiall Armies taken in the great and strong Citie of Elbing with others and obtained his purpose finally vpon his enemy who was able at once to haue come downe with such a power of Horse vpon him as had beene sufficient to haue carryed away himselfe and fiue such Armies That which hath made his Majestie so victorious next to the assistance of Almightie God is his most exact observing of military Discipline wherein with an admirable temper he is both strict and sweete the Majestie of a King in him commanding more willing obedience from his Army then the awfull directions of a bare Generall alone possibly could Adde to his strict Discipline his many poynts of new invented Discipline peculiar vnto himselfe too long here to describe His
by which they thought to swimme over vnto the Castle were all miserably drowned Those within the Sconce thus perceiving their fellowes misfortune in great hast retyred into their boates where being hardly charged by the Kings men the most of them were also drowned Their confusion was so great that three hundred of them then perished by the sword or in the water The whole night following the Canon from the Castle playd very hard vpon the Kings folke but with little or no losse vnto his Majestie Vpon the 8 th of Iuly his Majestie leaving Sir Iohn Bannier to keepe the Sconce that was taken marched from thence vnto a Cloyster called Pudegla which was a strong passage vpon the I le of Vsedome But the enemy before the Kings comming had spoyled and pillaged all that there was and then ranne away Here the King lodged all night The I le of â—ellin taken Vpon the 9 th of Iuly the King marched to the Swing on the East-side of the Iland where the other mouth of the Oder disemboketh into the Baltick Sea There found he a Sconce strongly builded indeede yet but weakly defended the Garrison vpon the first sight of the Kings troopes abandoning the place and shifting themselues over the River into the neighbour I le of Wollin This place which the Oder the Frischhaff the Sea and a little Fret of water make into an Iland lyes on the East-side of Vsedome and here the King having found Boates immediately followes the Imperialists Here had the Duke of Saxonyes Sister a Castle which the enemy fleeing out of miserably deface with fire And now those that lately fled into the I le as also the rest that were there in severall Garrisons before did not onely abandon their strong Sconces and Fortifications but left not their Canon onely for hast but their very Horses also together with a great deale of their baggage with two Leopards in a Cage left there by the Duke of Freidlandt who had thought to haue presented them vnto the Emperour In these two Ilands of Vsedome and Wollin the King remained some twelue dayes vntill he had made sufficient provision of Gallyes and other Vessells for the transporting of his Army through that great Frisch haff and from thence vp the River of Oder vnto Stetin which was done the 26. of Iuly This Towne of Stetin is the Seate and Title of the Duke of Pomeren and Stetin Scituate within Land it is Stetin taken South of the Frisch haff being the chiefe Towne of the Countrey and the onely good Towne of the Countrey in sole possession of the Duke that was free from Imperiall Garrisons And now the King landing his men at a Castle within an English mile of the Towne about ten a clocke in the forenoone presently puts them into Battalia Grave Neeles and the Lord of Reay commaunding foure hundred Muskettiers that day had the Vantguard and were both commanded to march towards the North Port of the Citie called the Mill-doore the King in the meane time with three hundred Muskettiers making towards a Horn-worke that was then a building within a Musket-shot of the Dukes Palace While this was a doing all the Ladies and Gentlewomen were in the windowes and vpon the Leades looking vpon the King and his folkes All this while there appeared not any one man out of the Towne to make any defence which the King now observing at last sends a Trumpet towards the Ports to demaund entrance This message made knowne vnto the Duke a Colonel who had the Commaund of some 1200. Muskettiers within the Towne is sent to parlie with the King His message was an Assurance from the Duke his Maister that he had resolved to stand Neuter His Majestie nothing contented with this message sends the Colonel backe againe vnto the Duke commaunding him to tell his Maister from him That he was not come into Germany for any private ends of his owne but sent for by him especially and other distressed Princes that by the force of his Armes they might be free from the yoke which lay so heavie vpon their necks and therefore great reason had the Duke to open his Ports and to receiue him into his Towne And this if the Duke refused to doe he bad the Messenger assure him that he would enter it by a breach made through his Castle giving present order thereupon to haue the Canon mounted The Duke vpon the receipt of this round message advises with his Counsell a while who having concluded what was on the sudden to be done the Port is opened and the draw bridge let downe and the Duke in his Coach issues out waited vpon by some Gentlemen on Horsebacke addressing himselfe directly towards the King Vpon the meeting much conference passes about surrendring of the Towne the King pressing and the Duke excusing altogether desirous to stand Neuter Of this would not the King heare at any hand making vse of that which in Dutch is a Proverbiall saying They that are not with me are against me And now the King taking notice of the Ladies and Gentlewomen on the Leades and Windowes Cosin sayes he to the Duke if you meane to keepe me out of the Towne you must set other manner of people to guard it then these Ladies for I le assure you they will never be able to hold out against any one company of my Souldiers The Duke perceiving his Majestie though pleasant yet earnest desires leave to goe againe into the Towne The King consents vnto the motion but sent order withall vnto the Lord Reay to guard the Dukes person thitherward and that when the draw-bridge was let downe and the Ports set open for the Dukes Coach to enter the Towne together with it and if it were possible to make good the Port. The Lord Rcay having enough of his instructions so disposes his Muskettiers which were Scottish that two hundred of them marcht before the Coach and must needs therefore enter before the Dukes Coach could so that this peice of service was done even as the King would haue it Thus the Lord Reay being entred within the outter Port the Towne Garrison retyred from thence within the inner Port and the Scots entring pell-mell with them that Port was also taken By this did the King presently enter the Towne with his whole Army The Duke seeing this dismisses his owne forces which he had till then there kept in Garrison who thereupon tooke present oath and pay for the Kings service The next morning the King commaunds Sir Iohn Bannier Generall of his Infantery to take with him 600. Swedish Muskettiers vnder the commaund of Grave Ioachim and 600. Scottish Muskettiers vnder the commaund of the Lord Reay to make an assault vpon the Towne of Damme lying a mile to the South-East of Stetin The Towne had on that side but one approach vnto it and that was a narrow causey leading thorough the marish vpon which the Towne stood Those 12000. men now advanc't
Imperiall Garrisons these aydes are sent from Stralesundt along by Sea landing beyond all Mecklenburg at Dassow not farre short of Lubeck These the Duke of Saxon-Lawenburg aforesaid vndertakes to let into Magdenburg thorow his owne Country and the passages of Lunenburg in the Kings name also levying forces from about Hamborough Lubeck and those quarters with whom about the end of September he makes himselfe Master of the townes of Boutzenburg Lawenburg Nyehusen and other places vpon the Elve Against him towards the end of September is the Generall Pappenheym sent with more Imperiall forces Is taken prisoner by Pappenheym who quickly snaps vp the Duke taking him prisoner in his owne brother Duke Augustus of Saxon-Lawenburg his Castle of Ratzenburg and there an end of him for that time And Colonel Bock defeated Colonell Bock with ayde of the Administrators forces takes the Citie of Hall and otherwhere holds some play a while but in October following is he taken off also In the end of November the King sends a noble Gentleman and well-beloved by him the Lord Diderick Falkenburg The Lord Falkenburg sent by the King Lord Marshall or Chamberlayn of his Majesties owne houshold He being with his forces come into the towne of Magdenburg the Country-Gentlemen and the Souldiery resort apace vnto him and the course of things begin to turne about againe Then is Colonell Schneidewin sent out with 600. Muskettiers and 200. horse and he in December takes in New Allensleben slaying there some 60. Imperialists and bringing 100. more away prisoners with him The towne of Egelen is a little after that taken also In the beginning of Ianuary an Imperiall Captaine surprises some 50. or 60. of the Magdenburgers and they falling out vpon a strong Partie fetch in a bootie of 800. sheepe and some 84. head of cowes and oxen setting fire at the same time vpon some of their owne Dorps vpon the Elbes side that the Enemie might not there nestle I will not stand vpon every pettie encounter that passed this Winter time The Spring comming on they become more busie on the second of March the Count Ladron together with his Lieutenant Colonell Kirckner are snapt vp and slaine by the Magdenburgers at Coswick neere vnto the Citie The Citizens making out all their strength cast vp three Out-workes hard without their Ports and the Imperialists falling on vpon two of them at once Falkenburg with 2 peices of Ordnance sallying the same time out of the Citie sets vpon their Quarters fires and spoiles all their Huts and Cabbins where they had all this while wintered Thus these lesser fishes play a while with one another till at length the great Pike Generall Tilly comes amongst them and devoures them altogether To him now turne we Suppose him now at Mockeren where wee last left him already within the Bishoprick of Magdenburg and within two or three leagues of the very Towne in which of Souldiers and Burgers there were some 4000. fighting men Vpon the 12 th of Aprill he first presents himselfe in full Battaglia within a mile of the Citie The â—iege of â—â—â—â—â—enburg at which time beleeved it was that he would at least haue fallen vpon the great Starre-Sconce by the old Elve but that day attempted he no more then to beate some Guards out of their Redoubts into the Citie The 13. he planted 12. peices of Canon against the bridge over the Elve against which he made 568. shot that same day his intent being to cut that passage off that the Towne by it might send no succours to the foresaid Sconce or Toll-house but the Generall Falkenburg conveniently planting some peices vpon the Toll-house quite at last dismounted the enemies Canon This not succeeding Tilly falls pell mell at once vpon both these places giving eight severall assaults vnto them but the Lord Falkenburg with foure whole Canon double charged with stones old iron c. about 12. a clocke at night made them to giue over Some prisoners the next day taken confesse there were 2000. men that day slaine of the assaylants This 〈…〉 Toll-house was a nocable peice of Fortification built on the other side the Elve To this Tilly now turnes all his battery here falls he to myning and all to no purpose On the 15th both by land and water he layes at it but 300. Muskettiers being by him sent in boates to assayle it on the waters side were by those of the Fort driven ashoare and eyther all drownd or slaine by the Citizens 200. also at the same time lost their liues on the land-side Now was there newes brought into Tillyes Camp of the King of Swedens being vpon his march for the relieving of the besieged a Councell of war being thervpon being call'd some troupes are sent towards Wittenberg and the Dessau bridge there to staue off the Kings forces The newes of his comming now slackning Aprill 21. to worke he falls againe and giving on vpon the Toll-house he finds that notable peice forsaken by the Magdenburgers who at their retreate offering to fire it the place was rescued by the Imperialists Vpon this were all the Forts on that side of the Elve eyther taken or given over the bridge also by Tilly burned and approaches made vnto the Citie which was from thence immediately battered Now were the besieged forced to burne their owne new Towne where 2000. Imperialists immediately lodging themselues fell to myning and shooting of Granadoes into the Towne The 29. by a sally out vpon these in the new Towne are some 100. slaine The mynes doe no hurt vntill one Farenbacke a notable Enginer takes them in hand who sapps himselfe vnder the Towne-ditches to the very hard walls in reward of which service the Emperour makes him a Colonell granting him Commission to rayse two new Regiments May 2. the Imperialists in the new Citie having suddenly in the night-time cast vp a battery shrewdly punish the besieged May 7. Generall Tilly comes himselfe into the new Towne together with Pappenheym then Generall of the Ordnance and Schomberg Sergeant Major generall a great show of Ladders is made as if there were a purpose of a generall scaladoe Tillyes hope was that the Towne would presently parly vpon sight of these preparations but they taking the Alarme at it instantly man all their bullwarkes The 8th day is spent in shooting at a certaine high Tower from which the Towne-Canon much plagued the besiegers This day Tilly sends a Trumpet to summon the Towne they send another to him signifying their willingnesse to yeeld might but their Administrator still enjoy his Bishopricke and the Towne their priviledges This not consented vnto the 9th day Pappenheym attempting to scale the walls is by a sally beaten off in which some of the enemies mynes being discovered are by countermynes in the Towne defeated That day is another Trumpet sent into the Towne towards Evening was there much bustling observed and carriages too and againe in the enemies
justice finally and his mercy his exemplary and his indefatigable industry his affabilitie and his easinesse of accesse the goodnesse of his cause and the common Libertie which his victories bring with them haue conquered more then his sword What now shall hinder this braue and princely Warriour to arriue vnto that height of reputation which Gonsalvo did in the warres of Naples whom the Historians of that age worthily stile the great Captaine yea so great a Conquerour hath the King hitherto beene that I dare challenge the skilfullest Historian to set for all particulars such another by him God blesse the King of Swedens Majestie and thoroughly enable him to be the glorious Assertor of the Germane Libertie Vale. If the Readers desire the continuance of our Relations our Intelligencer shall be much the better furnished to giue Content if they please to send vs in their owne Intelligence For that it seemes impossible for vs English to avoyde that observation of Philip de Commines That in all great actions wee are still harkning after Prophecies which the taking of some things in this kinde hath even now verified wee will therefore feede the humor of the times a little with a Prediction of a great Astronomer of our owne Nation vpon that great Conjunction of Saturne and Iupiter Iuly 18 1623. And the second a Prophecy of the famous Paulus Grebnerus his Booke now in Trinitie Colledge in Cambridge The Astronomers judgement is this That the effect of that Conjunction would be felt in the North and Northeast parts of Europe in particular and in generall over all That it would produce Famines Plagues Warres c. Places subiect to this he nameth Italy France Bohemia Silesia and Germany Of Provinces he nameth Prussia Brandenburg Stiria Hassia and Saxony Yea he descends to Cities naming Rome Prague Magdenburg Coblents betwixt Mentz and Cullen Vlmes Brunswick Ausburg c. He sayes it is likely to goe hard with the Romane Empire Clergie and Iesuites He speakes of a King of a true Religion that should doe all this and of much happinesse that should succeede it The whole Discourse will perchance shortly be imprinted PROPHETIA IN LEONEM DOMVS SAXONIAE DIV aspectavi connivi ego huic actui fidem Domui Austriacae Philippo synceram praestiti ne in victissimum Regis Philippi Belgium jamdudum ad extraneos de veniret quod mihi Hispania acceptum referre habet I am vero diutiùs sopitum quiescere quasi micare in tenebris mihi filio meo Christiano intoleranda irrecuperabilis jactura et damnum videtur Ideo arcum intendo meum jacula mitto sagittae meae ac tela fortunae filij mei Christiani etiam directè collimant metam invadentes feriunt ac disijciunt Burgundicum illum ac Austriacum Leonem vnde meum ac filij mei regnum ac dominatio amplè dilatatur Quod ego Haerésque meus faeliciter consummavimus A Prophecy of Paulus Grebnerus vpon the Lyon of the House of Saxony I Haue long lookt on and winked at the businesse and still haue I kept my faith vntainted vnto the house of Austria and to Philip that so the vnconquered * The Low-Countries and the Wallon Countries Belgium might not long agoe haue falne into the hands of Strangers and thus much Spaine owes me But for me to lye still asleepe and to be hoodwinkt as it were any longer seemes an intollerable and an irrecoverable losse and detriment vnto my selfe and my son Christianus Now therefore bend I my bow and shoot abroad my darts whereupon the arrowes and darts of mine owne fortune and Christianus my Sonne doe directly hitte the marke and smite those that invade me yea they cast downe that Burgundian and Austrian Lyon wherupon is the Kingdome and Dominion of my selfe and Sonne very amply enlarged Thus much haue I and mine heyre most happily atchieved OF THE MEETING Given by the Emperor vnto cercertaine Electors of the Empire at the Dyet of Ratisbone 1630. Acurately and truely described in a Letter by one that very well vnderstood how matters were there carryed Faithfully translated out of the Latine Printed Copie with some Marginall Notes added for cleering of the Story The Letter COncerning the passages of the Electorall Dyet truely my noble friend N N I had according to my promise dispatcht a more early advice vnto you but that vpon my returne to Ratisbone there were more dayes spent in mutuall visits and Entertainments of friends then indeed I was willing withall But having now gotten loose of this troublesome kinde of Courtesie and that the dispatch of my businesse together with the retyrednesse of the place where I now reside had afforded me some leysure I would no longer delay the discharge of that obligatiō in which I stood engaged vnto you Now after twelue yeares of most bloudy warres and almost vtter desolation brought vpon a goodly Countrey very probable surely it was that a peace would be desired on all hands and that for the full concluding thereof this very Dyet had principally beene Convoked As for the Protestants they verily had even vnto this day vndergone the hardest of all hardship being still overlaid with most heavy impositions and with the billettings of the Souldiers of the Catholike * The Catholike Princes of the Empire who haue entred into a League for the recovery of the Church lands and for the rooting out of the Protestant Religion Leaguers Yea the Catholickes themselues having had often tryall of the insolencies of the Imperiall Souldiers and of the chargeablenesse of the warre beganne now also mightily to distast the Covetousnesse of their owne partner the Duke of Bavaria Vpon this discontentment was the Palatine of * The Duke of Newburgh a yonger house of the Palsgrave who put in for the Electorate lately before turnd Papist Newburg reported to haue fallen off from the League as for the Archbishop of Saltsburg he as having no share among the other Princes in what should be conquered or recovered by the warre had for many yeares past withdrawne his Contribution The Bishop Elector of Triers also very earnestly complained of the damages received by the Spanish namely of the pillaging of his Country and the plundering of his Subjects houses yea and the Bishop * Brother to the Duke of Bavaria Elector of Colein also gaue off among the rest In this one point notwithstanding did the counsels and desires of the Protestant party differ from the Catholickes for that They out of a well meaning simplicitie desired an vtter forgetfulnesse of things passed and a right downe peace whereas These t is true seemed to be contented to lay downe Armes but not except the Church goods withheld by the Protestants might first be restored Furthermore that the Emperour was for his part heartily desirous both of the Peace and this Dyet we are in courtesie bound to beleeue it For when it was talkt on in every mans
and his associates Mansfeild Brunswicke and the King of Denmarke That himselfe being the forwardest there had beene divers Conferences concerning an Agreement but through the stubbornnesse of the adverse partie all the Treaties had come to nothing now at length therefore high time it was seriously to bethinke themselues of a good Peace or if that could not at the best hand be obtained then to devise vpon the way of a joynt league both betweene themselues and with the Emperor against the disturbers of this so necessary a Peace be they natiues of the Empire or be they forreigners and in as much as the Palsgraue Fredericke the Causerboth of these warres and miseries after those most equall Conditions propounded to him by the Elestors in their Dyet at Mulhausen is not to this day come in nor hath ever since desisted from such Courses as haue beene troublesome both vnto his Countrey and common peace but hath stirr'd vp others heretofore and the Hollanders of latter times vnto the destruction of his owne Countrey The Emperors request therefore was that the Electors would be pleased to passe an Act of Counsell whereby the Palsgrane should continue a banished man without all hopes of returning and that they would never vouchsafe to entertaine eyther peace or amitie with him He furthermore declared how that the Hollanders having long since shaken off all due reverence vnto the Empire had with a sacrilegious boldnesse of late both besieged and taken in certaine of his good Cities and Dominions now therefore it must be lookt vnto that the Empire suffer no damage and the remedies must now be consulted vpon how the boldnesse of these robbers might best be restrained and how that which vnjustly they had taken away might be recovered The fourth poynt to be considered vpon was the warres of Italy and the French King who now invaded the rights of the Empire and made himselfe an Vmpire of such matters as belong'd not vnto his Cognizance which is not to be endured But the King of Sweden sayd otherwise in his Defence which see afâ—erwards sayth the Emperour As for the King of Sweden there be no causes of enmitie betwixt vs but if he will not condescend vnto the Imperiall Ambassador the Burgraue of Dhona and the King of Denmarke the Mediator of the Peace then verily he is to be threatned with the power of the Romane Empire and if he gaue not over then was his bold attempt to be chastised by force of Armes Last of all were the Princes advised to consult vpon the meanes of maintaining a standing Army and of the restoring of Martiall Discipline and of the manner of laying and of levying the Impositions So soone as ever these Propositions were noysed abroad The Peoples construction of the Emperours Oration they were variously descanted vpon by diverse most men admiring that whereas the first Proposition tooke care how to establish a good Peace the fiue other Articles breathed out nothing but menaces of warres and Armies That the Soveraigntie of the house of Austria and the base enduring of servitude by the other side was the thing forsooth that must be called Peace That all was now excused by the rebellion of the Bohemians the oversight of the Palsgraue and the stubborne spirits of Mansfeild and the rest That those Armes which were at first taken vp against enemies were now turnd against the Common-wealth For after the differences were compounded with the King of Denmarke there remained no enemy in the whole Empire and yet the Army and the Impositions were neverthelesse commanded to be kept on foote But now plainely was this driven at that the private quarrels of the house of Austria might be maintained by the power of the Romane Empire which must thereby make another mans quarrell her owne interest But as for * The King of Bohemia Fredericke the Hollanders the * Novv Duke of Mantua vvhose Ancestors being of a yoÌ„ger house of Mantua setled themselues in FraÌ„ce to whom for want of Issue MaÌ„tua is now falne the Investiture wherof being denied him by the Emperour and the King of Spaine set on the French King appeared with an Army in favour of him Duke de Nivers and for his sake the French King and the King of Sweden to conclude they all professe themselues injuried by the Austrians and to keepe firme amitie with the Empire And suppose that Frederick had invaded the Crowne of Bohemia vnjustly and had merited punishment in that regard yet had his Electorall dignitie beene taken from him and conferred vpon the Duke of Bavaria before ever the consent of the Princes of the Empire had beene asked the Electors gainesaying it yea the King of Spaine himselfe being vtterly against it People moreover were bold to Prophecy That never should Peace returne into the Empire vnlesse the Prince Palatine were first restored into all or into a good part of his lost dignitie and Dominions For not he in his owne person alone and his so many Children and their posteritie which soever of them were so minded would sometime or other become the subject of more troubles but the Austrians and Spaniard with the Hollander and the Protestants who by putting the Prince Palatine out of the Colledge of Electors should alwayes hereafter be too weake in number of voyces with the Catholikes would ever jarre with a perpetuated heart-burning But were that Prince re-estated in his ancient place then should that too great power of the Duke of Bavaria the heart-burning against the house of Austria and the feares which the Protestants now stood in be all taken away And now that the Duke of Bavaria might neither be afraid nor asham'd to lay aside the Electorship obtained by his valour and * Deserts to the Emperor vnderstand and not to his Cosin the Prince Palatine deserts they interposed this Counsell to leaue namely a part of the Palatinate vnto him and his heires for ever and which is sayd not to be without example to haue the Electorship goe by turnes between them from one vnto another eyther by terme of yeares or liues Moreover as for the Hollanders notwithstanding they had renounced their allegiance to the King of Spaine yet they fayrely conserved the Majestie of the Empire yea and that with their neighbouring Princes though Catholikes they did religiously maintaine the Articles and Quarter of Neutralitie True it is that by the right of Warre they had made theÌ„selues Masters of certaine places which either the Spaniard before held or they feared he would take in whereas the Emperour on the contrary not by them provoked by any injury had without any Decree of the Empire to that purpose all out of a private desire of his owne for the assisting of the King his Cosin sent the Count de Monte-Cuculi even into the very heart of * While the Prince of Orange lay before St. Hertoghenbosch Holland it selfe with an Army This was the cause of the revenge which they
Walensteins so easie quitting of his Armie body much admired at Walenstein immediately obeyes the commandement of the Emperour Some indeede surmised that he being a fast servant to the Emperour though a gallantly magnificent spirited person yet being now become inexorable by the many faults committed by his Souldiers he would never be wrought to it eyther by gifts or threatnings or by any other devises such as vulgar spirits vse to be troubled withall did therefore in his owne judgement account it his better course to giue way vnto envie being in possibilitie one day to see both times and men favourably disposed towards him who turning with the times might be changed to repentance Others suspected him to be weighed downe with great promises and to haue that way fallen off from the Emperour There were some that said that even by the skill of some in the Starres wherein besides others he made vse of Kepler a great Master and by the Chaldeans art was fore-signified his times and fates to be come and that they gaue him this Counsell Others to conclude beleeved him to be forced vnto it by necessitie and that by the cunning even of Caesar himselfe he was fetcht over and quit that way of his great forces and that his vaine heart out of a hope and desire of warres with France and the glory of a new prey was thus suddenly taken off from his mightie Army and that he now remaind at Memmingen a prisoner as it were But what ever the matter was a very great thing it is and neere vnto a prodigie first that Caesar condescended vnto the Electors and secondly that Walenstein so soone yeelded vnto the Emperour Another thing there is which the Electors now obteined namely that those innumerable numbers should be lessened and the greatest part of the Souldiers disbanded Then Caesar promised also that there should be no warres made vpon any without the consent of the Princes And that no Impositions should hereafter be layd at the pleasure of the Generall of the Army but in the Land-dayes of the severall * The whole Empire is divided into ten Circles or Provinces each of which besides their â—â—verall Princes hath a President and 〈◊〉 Counâ—â—llâ—rs to assist 〈◊〉 who call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Land-dayes to 〈◊〉 for the publike All the Princes of the same Cirâ—le be of one League Circles as they call them Beyond all this the desires both of Caesar the Electors and of the French Ambassador conspired in one consort to make vp a Peace so vnwelcome and hated of the Spaniard seeing that by it sure order was taken first for re-estating of the Duke de Nivers in the possession of Mantua and Montferat secondly that the Germane Troopes should be recalled out of Italy and lastly that the passages of the mountaines in the Grisons * The Valteâ—â—â— Countrey should be layd open as before None of which Lawes verily are of that nature that for the obteining of them there was any neede to disturbe the quiet of so many Nations to expend such vast treasures and to shed the bloud of so many thousands The Treatie with the English Ambassador and the Prince Palatines Procurator although it came to no head yet thereby way was obteined for Prince Frederike to finde Grace and that those parts of his Dominions which are in the Spaniards hands are now to be quitted vnto him and he hath the libertie yet left him to fulfill the Conditions offered him at Mulhausen And thus which God turne to a good end doe we owe vnto Gustavus Adolphus King of Sweden Goths and Vandalls that we are not vtterly despoyled of our Armes nor too streightly curbed by the Electors nor finally made the tenants of the Clergie For when as in the heate of these contentions yet continuing newes was brought both that the Baron of Dhona was come away from Dantzik without any hope of a Peace and that the King of Sweden had already landed an Armie in Pomerlandt made himselfe Master of Stetin and at the same time put the Imperialists to flight Caesar supposing that to be an occasion to be made vse of affirmed that his despising of the Majesty of the Germane Empire ought to be revenged vpon him and that that error was to be rectified by vertue which they had run into * In the time spent in the Treatie of Peace which had better bin employed in sending an Army to withstand his so neare approaching by delaying These Propositions of Casars were not a little helped forward by a private feare of the Catholikes which was least that not Gustavus alone a Prince but of small power did thus stirre vp the massie weight of so great a warre but that there were more of the Protestants who out of a hatred to the present estate of things and a desire of innovation and those perchance forreigne Princes too should be deeply in the plot with him These Catholike Princes therefore thus drawne vnto it not so much out of their loue vnto the Emperour as out of their owne feares agreed to the warres and aydes against him In the meane time which thing was cunningly and closely conveighed and whereof there had beene no mention made among any of the heads of the Consultation was the designe for the Election and Crowning of the King of the Romanes mainly intended and that by most cunning sollicitations and the earnestest of their devises Egenberg * The Emperours Counseller a man continually troubled with the Gowt for which he seldome vsed to come out of his bed gaue particular Visites vnto the foure Electors present and vnto the Ambassadors of the Duke of Saxony and the Marquesse of Brandenburgh at their severall lodgings finely insinuating vnto them how that the Emperour now well in yeares was even weary of paines taking and was a man subject to many diseases besides that his affection was very good towards the Common-wealth which he was now able to doe no greater service for then to settle in it a good Successor He put them in minde now and then of the miseries of an Inter-regnum intimated vnto them the high deservings of the house of Austria wonderfully setting out the towardly hopefulnesse of King * The Emperours Sonne King of Hungarta whom the Emperour would fayne now haue procured to haue beene chosen King of the Romans which is as much as Heyre apparant to the Empire Ferdinand To the same purpose for that the Ambassadours of the two absent Electors excused themselues as having no instructions or Commission to treate vpon that poynt were there Letters dispatched vnto the Electors themselues yea the Electors good will was so little doubted of that a certaine Physician of the Emperours Court and he none of the obscurest as having a speciall veyne in Poetry in a set Poeme which was printed at Norimberg congratulated the Father for the Crowne set vpon his sonne Ferdinand the third his head none almost contradicting it Vnto which intimation of
and Peace of the Empire Thirdly How to maintaine correspōdency with the Catholike Princes And fourthly What to answer for themselues both in generall and particular as well concerning the maintenance of the reformed Religion as to the Emperours Edict concerning the Church-Lands when they should come to meete at the Dyet of Franckford The Princes thus invited and the time now come vpon the fourth of February 1631. the Elector of Saxony enters Lypsich in great state and the Elector of Brandenburg a little after him The Protestant partie in the Empire Thither in person came these Protestant Princes also Christianus another Marquesse of Brandenburg Iohn William and Bernard Dukes of Saxon Weymar William Landtgrave of Hessen Frederick Marquesse of Baden Augustus Prince of Anhalt Frederick Count of Solmes Iohn George and Ernest Lodowike Counts of Mansfeilt and the deposed Dukes of Mecklenburg These Princes sent their Ambassadors The Duke of Deuxponts Iohn Ernestus another Duke of Saxony Frederick Vlrick Duke of Brunswicke The Duke of Lunenburg The severall Princes of the Circles of Schwaben and Franckenlandt The Lady of the Abbey of Quedlinburg The Bishops Administrators of Mecklenburg and of Bremen The Counts of Stolberg The Barons of Reussen and Schonberg These Townes and States send their Agents also Norimberg Strasburg Franckford Lubeck Bremen Brunswick Hildesheim Mullhuisen and Northhuisen Duke Lodowick Frederick Administrator of the Dukedome of Wirtenberg was newly dead and Duke Iulius not yet setled and therefore being not able to come himselfe he sent the Vice-Chancelor of the Dukedome called Doctor Loester and some other Counsellors as Deputies for that Dutchie And these be the Protestant party in the Empire some whereof being Lutherans and some Calvinists they first of all agree to haue that distinction of names which had caused so much schisme and hatred heretofore to be vtterly taken away making a generall Decree that both Professions should from thence forth be called by one name of Evangeliacalls That is Professors of the Gospell No man was suffered to stay within the Towne whose businesse was not knowne the streets ends were chained vp and barricadoed guards set at the severall ports and the keyes of the gates every night brought into the Dukes chamber And all this was to prevent Spyes and surprisalls The Duke Elector of Saxony on whose greatnesse and countenance the Partie and Action very much depended makes a speech first of all Saxonyes Oration which had reference vnto his former Letters of Invitation vnto them protesting withall his owne firmenesse and forwardnesse for the peace of the Empire and the maintenance of the Religion and that he would be ready to adventure both life and goods in the Cause so desiring every man freely to giue his Counsell in such manner as they might be able to render a fayre accompt of it vnto the Emperour Vnto this meeting the King of Sweden also sends his Ambassador Doctor Chemnitius who in his Maisters name delivers them this assurance That his Majesties intentions were no other then to restore the Empire to her ancient peace the Princes to their liberties and to defend the Church in her Religion telling them moreover how that the French King was newly entred into a League with him for fiue yeares to come The Ambassador had both speedie Audience and honorable entertainement The Dyet to be briefe brake vp vpon Palme-Sunday the third of Aprill following The Conclusions agreed vpon themselues expresse in their Letters in humble and complaining manner enlarged in many sheetes of Paper sent by an expresse Curryer vnto the Emperour in which their joynt desires were thus signified Their humble Remonstrance vnto the Emperor Their Complaint and Remonstrance I reduce into these Propositions That the Golden Bull and Constitutions of the Empire had of late beene all abused That the Emperours late Edict for restitution of the Church Lands and his endevours to roote out the Protestant Religion were the maine Causes of these late troubles The first of these breeding jealousies and discontents betwixt the Protestants and the Papists and the second tending to the vtter ruine of the two Electors of Saxony and Brandenburg Then they complaine of injustice done vnto particular Princes and Cities some of which were injuried by the violent taking away of their Church Lands as the Dukes of Wirtenberg and Brunswick the Prince of Anhalt the Counts Hohenloe Stolberg Lippe Valdecht Verthimb Erpach c. the Towne of Ausburg and others Some hindered in the exercise of their Religion as Augustus and Frederike Princes Palatines and yonger brethren vnto Wolfgang William Palatine of Newburg now turnd Papist Others had their Estates confiscated as the Lady * The mother and brother of the King of Bohemia Lewis being Duke of Simmern Electresse Palatine and her Sonne Lewis Prince Palatine the Dukes of Mecklenburg c. for whom the whole Colledge of Electors had interceded in the late Dyet but not prevayled Others complaine of the violent altering of their Feods and Tenures of their Lands and Lordships as the last before named Princes and Iohn Casimire Elector of Saxony into whose Lands the Imperiall Commissaries haue with force and Armes intruded changing the tenures of the tenants and altering the Religion Ernestus Marquesse and Elector of Brandenburg complaines of the same wrongs offered vnto his Pupils the yong Marquesses * Which are of the house of Brandenburg their Lands lying by Nurenberg of Onspach Vlme Duke of Brunswick complaines first of the ravages of his Lands done by Tilly vpon pretence of moneyes owing to the King of Denmarke and made over by the said King vnto the Emperour who imployed Tilly thus to streyne for them Secondly of the seisure of his Bishopricke of Hildesheim and thirdly that the chiefe Towne of his owne residence Wolffenbuttle had beene forced to take an Imperiall Garrison Others complaine how they might not haue the benefit of the Law but were driven away by threatnings and discourtesies The Electors and Princes complaine of contempts and indignities offered vnto their persons some of them having beene threatned the Bastonado by some of the Emperors Souldiers The Cities and Circles of the Empire complaine that vndue and excessiue Impositions and Taxes haue beene layd vpon them not by the consent of themselues as the Imperiall Lawes command but at the pleasure of any of the Emperours Commissaries That vnder colour of protecting them they haue beene forced to afford Quarter and maintenance vnto the Imperiall Armies who when they should indeede haue defended them most cowardly ran away That when they would not endure the Souldiers insolencies they haue beene declared enemies of the Empire and forbidden to defend themselues That their Lands haue beene given to Souldiers as if they had beene Conquered That they haue beene forced to contribute to imaginary companies of Souldiers perchance to foure or fiue as if they had beene a compleat band That the Commissaries haue assigned Quarters and passages vnto the Souldiers
inclination and confidence in the Duke towards the King So that notwithstanding his shirt knew nothing yet this may we guesse to haue beene the great secret That if so be the Emperor would not come off or did so fiercely presse vpon him to take in his Country that then if the King of Sweden by his joyning with him were likely to prevaile he would rather side in with him then suffer himselfe to be over-run by the Emperour And that he carried a more private good affection vnto the King then he thought it convenient as yet to discover appeares by his desiring of some expert Commanders of the King and Colonell Teuffell by name to leade his Army But this did not the King at this present yeeld vnto because that had rather engaged the King vnto him then him vnto the King Surely it is that Teuffell was not sent vnto the Duke he being one of those that were on the Kings side slaine afterwards in the great Battle Where the Battell was after fought About the twentieth of August Saxony Musters his forces vpon that fayre plaine or heath by Leipsich namely sixtie Companies of foote ten Companies to every Regiment and 1000. Muskettiers for his owne guards Horse 4300. of which 1000. to a Regiment and 400. for his owne guards over and aboue all which were 1400. Curiassers or men at Armes These be the names of his chiefe Commanders On Foote Swalbach Generall of the Artillery Arnheim Feild-Marshall Hans-George of Solms Glitzwick Looser Star-Schedel Colonels Of the Cavallery these The Duke of Saxon Altenberg Generall Bindtorp Sergeant Major Hoftkerk Steinau Colonels Dove Lieutenant Generall All these troupes being thus Mustered they were presently furnished with 400. Wagons of Provision and Ammunition and sixe peices of Ordnance out of the Dukes Magazine While the Armie stayes thereabouts there is first a Trumpet sent from Tillyes Hoast to demaund passage of the Duke He returning with no satisfying answere Tilly sends these foure Propositions vnto him to which he must haue a sudden and a Categoricall Answere 1. Whether he would like other Princes yeeld vp his forces to the Emperour to beate Sweden out of the Countrey 2. And as a Subject furnish the Imperiall Army with provisions 3. And renounce the Conclusions of Leipsich 4. And restore the Church Lands To all which the Duke about the beginning of September returnes not onely a negatiue resolution but aggravated it also with some Circumstances of vnkindnesse offered him by the Emperour in requitall of his so many good services bemoaning himselfe of the vntrustinesse of the Catholike Princes yea even before the Emperours Ambassador then with him he protests that they should not finde a Duke of Wirtenberg of him he would not suffer himselfe to be led by the nose but bade the Ambassador tell his Lord and spare not that he would liue and dye in defence of the Conclusions of Leipsich This resolution in the Duke was quickned perchance by the French Ambassador then with him so that having discovered himselfe thus farre against the Emperor he sees no way but eyther to be vndone by Tilly or to joyne with Sweden And now while the termes of vniting might be concluded with that King to meete with whom and the Marquesse of Brandenburg himselfe the Tuesday following goes vnto Wittemberg the Duke thinkes of keeping out of Tilly. Having gotten intelligence therefore that the Count of Furstenberg now joyned with Tilly was by him sent as a Vantcurryer vnto Hall and that he made provisions of Bridges the Duke fearing that his meaning was to passe over the Rivers of Sala and Mulda and so to make for the Citie Torgau vpon the Elve which Towne lying betwixt Leipsich and Wittemberg had he once made himselfe Maister of he had quite cut off the King of Sweden from ever comming into Saxony and had gotten all the commaund of the Elve besides Saxony therefore suspecting Furstenbergs intention rises with his whole Army from about Leipsich and makes with all speed towards Torgau both to secure that and there to meete with the King of Sweden also By this time was the sayd Kings Army drawne downe as farre as Wirtemberg himselfe is now at the Consultation of Torgau Brandenburg was already joyned with him and nothing hindred Saxonyes vniting too but some termes partly of caution and partly of honour whether he were to yeeld the whole Command of his owne Army vnto the King or not Which the King absolutely desiring and the Duke making some Objections against the Vnion was the longer a concluding Well! if Saxony will not joyne Tillyes hast for he longs to be beaten shall quicken his slownesse For no sooner doth Furstenberg perceiue his designe for Torgau defeated but thitherward marches he Tilly was now come vp to him With 3000. foote and 1500. horse therefore first he takes in Mursenburg Tilly going towards Welsenfels and other places about Leipsich blocking vp by this meanes even the Towne it selfe And now there was no remedie Saxony must joyne or be lost vpon the 14. of September therefore he thoroughly condescends vnto the King of Swedens Propositions And thus haue wee brought Saxony and Brandenburg into the King of Swedens Army Turne wee backe againe vnto that King to shew by what degrees and approaches he gained thus farre into the Empire The SVVEDISH Intelligencer RELATING THE PROCEEDINGS Of that PRINCE from his first Landing in GERMANY 1630. vntill his great Victory over TILLY HISTORICALLY DIGESTED For the Readers better vnderstanding of the King of Sweden wee haue here given you his Majesties Pedigree which may serve in stead of an Introduction THE PEDIGREE Of the High and Mightie Prince Gustavus Adolphus by the Grace of God King of Swedens Goths and Vandals great Prince of Finland Duke of Esthonia and Carelia Lord of Ingria Gustavus Ericus Ericus Iohannes Sigismundus Ladislaus Carolus Gustavus Adolphus GVSTAVVS ERICVS Briefe notes vpon this Pedigree first of that name and bloud was one of those six Hostages sent vnto that scarce to be paralleld Tyrant Christiern King of Denmark Anno 1518. Which Hostages he having gotten into his power most perfidiously reteined as his prisoners carrying them away with him into Denmarke But Gustavus having found both favour and libertie one day to goe a hunting disguises himselfe and escapes after many dangers arriving in his owne Countrey Anno 1520. About which time the sayd King Christiern contrary vnto his promise made vnto the Swedes vpon their submission vpon which he promised to remit all offences beyond all examples of Christianitie within foure dayes after his Coronation causes all the Nobilitie Gentry Bishops Counsellors and prime Citizens of the Kingdome of Sweden to be eyther hang'd or beheaded the streetes of Stockholme where he was Crowned to runne with bloud the carcasses to lye three dayes vnburied and then to be burned c. Amongst the number of the massacred the Father of Gustavus was one When Gustavus had once heard of this hideous
appeares by his Answere vnto the Duke of Saxonyes Letters in August giving him intelligence how farre the King was alreadie advanced in Pomerland Which was how that himselfe was so well provided for him that he was confident to scatter any power of the enemy A despised enemy we haue by experience seene to haue made fowle worke and God mostly workes by such despised meanes that himselfe may therein be observed to be the Lord of Hosts Further then this wee will neither Comment nor Devine Before the Kings setting foote within the Empire he in Aprill sends forth his gracious Declaration of his intent to maintaine Stralesundt c. Which the Emperour might well take for a Herald at Armes to proclaime his comming and so prevent it and not complaine afterwards as he did that he stoale in vpon him His Majestie having thus declared himselfe for Stralesundt makes his first warre for the freeing of that A small Iland there is in the Baltick Sea within some halfe league off Stralesundt called Rugen A ragged square plot it is some seaven Dutch leagues over This Ile being a Principalitie of the Duke of Pomerlands was like other of his Lands rather infested now then guarded by the Imperialists That the King therefore might cleare that I le and his owne way both at once and leave no enemy to trouble his Landing or to come vpon his backe he giues order before his owne setting forth of Stockholme the chiefe Citie of Sweden to haue that Iland begunne withall The I le of Rugen taken About mid Aprill therefore did the people of Stralesundt assisted with some 18. shippes of Sweden which had wintered in the Pilau and other Ports thereby prepare to fall vpon that and Hiddenzee another little Ilet hard-by on the North-west both which being open places were by the end of May well cleared of the Imperialists One indifferent strong Sconce by Brandishagen vpon Rugen there is into which the Imperialists betooke themselues not so easie to be taken as the rest These of Stralesundt therefore now newly strengthned from Sweden vpon the 17 th of Iune following with 3000. foote and foure troupe of horse resolue to set vpon the Fort. Marching vp therefore from the old Ferry into the I le they in Battle array showe themselues before the Fort twelue great Shallops and two Gallyes well mand and furnisht with shot in the meane time besieging them by water The Fort perceiving this by a resolute Sally labour to hinder their Landing but the Swedish discharging eight peices of Ordnance from their Boats amongst them quickly make them to retyre Landing being thus gained and their batteries raised they readily dismount the enemies Canon and put him from his Ordnance The 18. day the Swedish Generall demaunds vp the Fort their answere was to defend it to the last drop of bloud The next morning there was from Brandishagen which lyes over against the Fort a boate of fresh water sent vnto their reliefe The Swedish Shallops giue fire apace vpon the Boate in rescue of it doth the Garrison sally out a great smoake arising from their shooting in the skirmish is by the winde carryed full into the Fort the Swedish apprehending the advantage fall pell mell vpon it getting among the sallyers into the Fort ere ever they were aware of it The Fort of Brandishagen taken Thus was it taken without the losse of one man The Swedish being Maisters of the peice put all to the sword whom the next day they found in Armes Two hundred prisoners they tooke six peices of Ordnance sixtie barrels of Bisket much Beere and provisions Whilest these things were there a doing his Majestie is in his owne Countrey busie about imbarking his men Some 12000. brought he out of Sweden with him for so many were seene march His Fleete was about some hundred and thirtie Shippes of all sorts With these having beene fiue weekes at Sea whereof a whole moneth in one place he came to an Anchor neare the Iland of Rugen which lyes a mile distant from one of the mouthes of the River Oder called Pennemundt The King of Sweden lands Immediately hereupon his Majestie gaue order for the Landing of the Foote or Infantery which was done in great Sloopes or flat bottomd Boates provided for that purpose whereof each one would well carry an hundred Souldiers with two Feild-peices His Majestie himselfe in person landed first at that Dorp or Village in the I le of Vsedome called Pennemundt being at that present waited vpon by two Swedish Earles that were brethren Grave Neeles and Grave Ioachim by name Next him were landed Colonel Lillie Colonel Cag and Colonel Hansson all Swedish with their Regiments Next to them Landed the Lord Reay Colonel together with Colonel Spence and Colonel Magdongall with their three Scottish Regiments Last of all landed the Lord Falkenberg Lord Marshall of his Majesties household together with Colonel Hall and Colonel Derickson with their three Regiments of High-Dutch-men All these eleven foresayd Regiments were landed and entrenched before day-light Vpon the second of Iuly after the Souldiers had a little reposed and refreshed themselues his Majestie commaunded the Canon baggage and victualls to be landed and because the Army had beene so long at Sea he thought it expedient to rest them there for two dayes in which space he landed his Cavalry or Horse also This I le of Vsedome where the King was new landed The I le of Vsedome taken is scituate not farre from Stralesundt and to the South-east of it towards Stetin betwixt the Baltick Sea on the North the mouth of the Oder which from the River Pene disemboguing into it is called Penemundt on the West the great fresh Lake called the Frischhaff on the South and the I le of Wollin on the East Vpon the fourth of Iuly twelue troupes of the Kings Horse together with three thousand Muskettiers went out vpon a partie the King himselfe commanding them They marched vpwards three miles into the I le of Vsedome where they saw diverse troopes of the enemies but all of them ranne away The 5 th and 6 th dayes were spent in hearing of Ambassadors from the Dukes of Mecklenburg Pomeren and the Towne of Stralesundt On the 7 th day his Majestie leaving Colonel Knip-howsen then Sergegeant Major Generall with two Regiments of foote to defend the workes at Penemundt with the rest of the Army passing over the water on the West side of the I le marches vp to the Towne of Wolgast Here had the enemy a strong Sconce on the water-side directly against the Castle vpon the I le of Vsedome which Sconce his Majestie thought fittest to be first assaulted As he marched towardes this Castle the Crabats falling out begun the Skirmish with the Kings Horse who being presently seconded by the foote constrained the Crabats to giue ground with great losse Those of them which were not killed in the fight making great hast vnto the River
Countrey as right against Gartz and Grippenhagen is desired by these of Stetin to besiege these two Townes because the Garrisons that lay in them vsed to ramble over all the Countrey to spoyle and plunder and fetch in Contribution But the King perceiving those strong places would take vp too much time and he having a designe to cleare the Dutchy of Mecklenburg as well as Pomeren turnes his Army backe againe to these quarters with a purpose in time to take the chiefe passages thither before the enemy should prevent him and put him thereby to more trouble Passing therefore beyond Stetin and towards Stralesundt againe he sets him downe before Wolgast whose Port as you heard he had before taken Wolgast besieged This is the chiefe Citie of the little Dutchy of Wolgast in Pomeren The Towne he by fine force tooke in wherein he found good store of provision both of Corne and Ammunition In the heate of the assault the Garrison and chiefe Citizens retyre themselues into the Cittadel or Castle This now the King asseiges Torquati Conti the Emperours Generall in those parts lay with his Army at that time at Ancklam a Towne hard by Wolgast he hoping to rescue the peice comes with three Regiments towards the reliefe of it but is well beaten for his labour said to loose 12. Ensignes and 3. Cornets in the Skirmish The Castle thus defeated of her succours parlies the conditions desired by the Garrison were To march out like Souldiers with full Armes Colours flying matches lighted and their swords by their sides The King will let them goe out with no more then white staues in their hands Those termes refused the King falls to mining and with two boats well mann'd and furnisht with Ordnance he comes to the Oder-bridge there landing and enquartering his men Sends for the Duke of Stetin he come they make their approaches towards the walls which he round besets from the Oder-bridge vnto the mill-gate raysing Sconces and Batteries every where where the ground was highest Eight thousand Canon-shot are bestowed vpon the walles They parlie againe and the King condescends six hundred Souldiers thereupon in fiue Companies all vnder the command of Colonel Sclecter come forth The Castle taken Three Companies of these fiue presently take Oath and pay for the Kings service the rest march away This was done in the end of August about which time the Queene of Sweden being newly come over the Castle is repayred and furnished for her Majesties residence In this Siege the King lost an hundred and twentie men Whilest the King besieges this Castle Aucklam taken Torquati perceiving no good to be done vpon him and that the Queene of Sweden had newly brought over 8000. fresh men as it was reported with her which might make the place too hot for him rises with his Army from his Quarter at Ancklam marching directly towards Gartz about which the Imperialists by the King turnd out of other places and others newly sent into Pomerland began now to assemble There he formes a Camp which continued till the Towne was taken He thus departing from Ancklam leaues Eystat Governour in it before which so soone as the King presented his forces the Citizens rise vp for the King against the Garrison and let the Swedens into the Towne This was done while the King was yet at the siege of Wolgast Ancklam thus obtained the King purposing a designe for a voyage into Mecklenburg Stolp taken first causes the passage of Stolp to be taken This Towne is neere vnto Ancklam some fiue Leagues to the West of Stetin and towards the Sea by which he had a full passage into Mecklenburg After which he at severall times also takes Trebbeses Gripnitz and Treptow three other chiefe passages as we shall tell when we speake of the Kings expedition into Mecklenburg A Fast We are now come to September vpon the first Friday whereof the King commaunds a solemne Fast to be kept throughout his Army and Leaguer at Stetin Vpon that day the Imperialists being led by one * This Quint was set on to haue killd the King Quint who had before run away from the King fall vpon the outter Guards of the Kings Camp and cuts them off putting the whole Army into danger But they taking the Alarme fall out vpon Quint and beate him off with losse and shame enough The next day also making a bravadoe againe some thirty more of them are taken prisoners by the Swedens The King a little after this Musters and payes his Forces newly arrived to him out of Prussia for which he a while stayed without doing much and now abroad are they againe going his Army being very much encreased by these and thirtie-six troopes of horse newly entertained Towards the middle of this September he sends abroad 3000. horse and 12000. foote to be doing and to take in passages sends also to view the strong places of Gartz and Grippenhagen of which more when we come to those Seiges But here let me insert an vnheard-of Crueltie of the Imperialists vpon the Townes of Pasewalk and Vckermund some few leagues West of Stetin about mid September old stile the Imperiall Garrison vnder the Commaund of the cruell Colonell Gâ—â—ze having plundred and forsaken the Towne and carried the chiefe men away on the 4 th of September 2. troupes of Swedish horse being 140. strong enter the forsaken Towne fall with the Citizens to repayre and fortifie 3000. Imperialists of the Army by Gartz hearing of this The crueltie of the Imperialists at Pasewalk take it againe from them Sept. 7th and after most valiant resistance beate kill and driue out the Swedish fall to torturing of the Townesmen for their money crying giue vs money or bloud ravish women and girles even in the open streets and Church-yards yea women in Child-bed kill and abuse the men fire the houses and the people in them thrust strawe into Cellars where Children are hidden and then set fire to it burne the Churches massacre the Ministers and then maske vp and downe the streets in their Coapes Surplisses and at length burne downe the whole Towne laughing at it how finely doth Pasewalk burne Thus their rapes and ravages continue till the 11 th or 12 th of September and at Vekermundt After which they goe to Vckermundt a Towne hard by from whence these 140. Swedish were thought to haue come this they fall vpon and take vse as before keepe the gates shut and so burne the people in the Towne To returne to the King About this time it seemes had his Majestie taken the oppressions and complaints of the people of Magdenburg into his royall consideration and therefore sends some forces by Sea thither to joyne with the Duke of Saxon Lawenburg which Swedish aydes Sept. 25. land at Dossou three leagues from Lubeck of which more when we handle the whole Story of Magdenburg * Namely where wee speake of Tilly. together
side standing there vpon their owne defence with matches Cockt and Muskets vpon their Rests The Swedish comming vp to them they demaund Quarter proffering to serue the King of Sweden vpon condition every Officer to be vnder the King the same they were vnder the Emperour otherwise they would dye like braue men and sell their liues as deare as they could Quarter and Conditions are both granted them so that there still a while they stood But to see the lucke of it just in the meane time returnes Bauditzen who having beene pursuing the enemies horse that fled and now so vtterly rowted them that scarce ten of them remained in a Company and lost them in the mist withall he seeing the enemy stand whole in a body together and not knowing of the agreement falls to charge them with his horse They perceiving this began to suspect trechery in it that the Swedish horse should fall vpon their Reere and the Foot vpon their Van so they should perish betwixt both To prevent which they putting themselues into two divisions turne backe to backe those next to Bauditzen all at once giving fayre fire vpon him That volley made a Fell of many a braue man Bauditzen charges againe charges home and thorough them vtterly breakes and defeats them The other Swedish body of horse hearing the fight and the mist not suffering them to discerne the matter imagined verily that the enemy had beene come backe againe yea messenger comes vpon messenger with the newes A strange cofusion mistake among the Swedish Our men are vtterly defeated And when as some of the horse that had the Van of the Swedens Foote came towards them they certainly beleeved them to be enemies and their owne men to be defeated and thereupon giue fire vpon them The other thinke the Devill to be in it and that their Foote had beene defeated and these to be enemies and therefore fly backe againe to their fellowes Others also comming vpon our Van they fall to charge them the other as fast letting fly at them againe Thus having no Colours with vs wee knew not friends from foes our enemies from our fellowes In this miserable error and mysticall meddly wee continue vntill 4. a clocke at night when by finding some of our owne to be slaine whom we well knew we began to find our mistake The Emperours whole forces both foote and horse were defeated their Canon all their baggage and foure Cornets taken from them All our owne horse except Bauditzens owne Regiment ran away as also the body of our Foote did which were led by the yong Grave of Thurne and Colonell Wallenstein onely the Van of the Swedish Foote stood firme Commanded by Baron Teuffell the Lord Reay and Sir Iohn Haibron So that both the Armies had run away in the mist except Bauditzen and his Regiment of horse and the Van of Foote aforesaid These stayed after the fight to bury their slaine fellowes This prettie kinde of battell hapned vpon the 11 th of November 1630. In which what with those that were slaine by the enemy and what they had killed themselues were 500. men lost The rest partly laughing at their owne mistake partly sorry for their fellowes and Comrades and partly glad to haue defeated the enemy they returne homewards againe Bauditzen and Kniphowsen vnto their siege and the other vnto their Leaguer Presently after this in the middle of the same November were there 182. houses burnt within the Citie the fault was layd vpon the negligence of a servant though others suspected it to be a villany of the besieged Sure it is that there were Letters intercepted by the Swedish which should haue perswaded the Garrison that seeing they could not be relieved the best way were to fire the Towne and by a resolute sally to breake through the enemy This is like vnto the Imperialists practises in other places who at Gartz and Grippenhagen about the same time made stay of all the Boats that came vp the Oder having a designe to fire Stargard with them by that meanes to haue delivered Colbergen The same they threatned vnto Stetin also which made those Townes stand vpon their guard the surer Towards the end of November the Swedes cut off the fresh water that serv'd the Citie In the beginning of December the besieged vpon an advantage sallying out surprize a Lieutenant with some thirtie of their enemies and the Swedish within a while after cut off a Convoy of 180 Wagons laden with Corne and other provisions which was going into the Citie an hundred of which they bring away the rest which they had not time nor meanes to doe they set fire on In February when the King was gone towards Mecklenburg the Garrison making abroad fetch in 500. head of Cattell one with another Thus past there encounters too and againe betwixt them till the end of February the 26. whereof they now finding their provisions to fayle within their hopes without send to parlie with the Swedish Generall who acquaints the King with it His Majestie condescends Colbergen yeelded vp to let them come out with Colours flying matches light full Armes bag and baggage and two peices of Ordnance They were in all 1500. men whereof 9. Companies of foote and two of horse all which were by the Swedish conueyed to Schiffelben whence they were to march vnto Landtsbergen Thus that strong Towne which had been three yeares in fortifying the Country-people for ten or twelue miles compasse having beene enforced to labour at it is now after fiue moneths siege vpon the second of March old stile taken in by the King who found in it 51. peices of Ordnance of a greater bore and 19. smaller Feild-peices 224. barrells of powder with proportionable Ammunition The day after the yeelding a shippe comming with men and victualls for their reliefe not knowing of it falls into the hands of the Swedens A report was also spread abroad in the Country that before their giving vp of the Towne they had digd mines and layd gun-powder and burning matches by it which after two or three dayes should take fire and blow vp the Towne which the Swedes in good time discovering sent after them in all hast to call them backe to an account for their base trechery But this we cannot affirme True it is that they were sent for backe and stayd at Friberg in the New-Marke but this was by reason of Tillyes crueltie at his taking of New Brandenburg at this very time where he put all to the sword The day before Colberg was taken A new league betwixt the Kings of France and Sweden was there a League concluded betwixt the Kings of France and Sweden in these termes 1. That it be for the defence of either of their Friends respectiuely for the securing of the Ocean and Baltick Seas and the freedome of Commerce in them as also for the restoring of the oppressed States and Princes of the Romane Empire and that
some 18. Regiments of Foote and 86. Cornets of Horse and now by mid Ianuary was Generall Tilly come vp to Franckford Tillyes comming there to succour and take on those troupes which the King had before scattered which as we sayd began now to gather head againe about this Franckford Of his comming the King now hearing sends Gustavus Horne with a reasonable Army towards the Frontiers of Silesia to staue off Tilly from comming downe that way vnto any of the new conquered places himselfe instantly marching into the Land of Mecklenburg The whole story of which and his Majesties proceedings in that Country we will now present you with altogether beginning with his former expedition thither This Country of Mecklenburg lyes Westward of Pomerland along the coast betwixt Brandenburg and the Sea Two Dukedomes it hath Schwerin and Gustrow lately possessed by two brothers Iohn Albert the elder brother and Adolph Frederike the younger both the right heires and both stiled Dukes of Mecklenburg These Princes had the Emperour of late very injuriously devested of their Estates and given them vnto Walensteyn his great Generall with the Title of Duke of Mecklenburg The disseized Dukes complaine vnto thâ—ir Cosin the King of Sweden their reliefe was another mayne cause of his comming in Germany His Majestie therefore having made so victorious an entrance into Pomeren and cleered all those parts vpon the confines of Pomerland except Gripswald next vnto Mecklenburg resolues vpon an expedition thither in person About August 6. 1630. he prepares his owne way by taking the passage of Stolp neere Ancklam some fiue leagues below Stetin towards the Sea whereby he hath a full passage into Mecklenburg The Kings first expedition into Mecklenburg Towards the end of September his Majesty makes stay of all great boats and ships vpon the Oder and the mouth of it wherein having shipt some 12000 men and their Ammunition he sayles by Wolgast taken some moneth before and Stralesundt He takes Bart Damgarden Rubenitz passing vnto Bart a Towne in Mecklenburg standing vpon an arme of the Sea a little within the shoare That takes he in first Then hasts he to Damgarden the next Towne on the East side of that arme of the Sea which Towne the Sconce to it he presently takes in by assault many of the Souldiers being flung out at the windowes and some others by mischance burnt Three dayes after this to Rubenitz he comes a Towne in the very bottome of that Indraught or arme of the Sea and that he by force takes also Mescord the Governour is taken prisoner and his Lieutenant Iers slaine with a Musket shot Here pitches he his Camp giving order for the fortifying of this and Damgarden and Trubbesees another late taken passage towards Pomeren Being here setled He summons the Country he first of all by a Proclamation dated from Rubenitz Sept. 28. summons the Gentry and people of the Country to remember their oath once taken to their naturall Princes to forsake Walensteyns title and service to come armed into his Camp or other his troupes to prosecute and kill all the Walsteyners and to fight with him for the libertie of their Countrey Those which doe not he threatens to pursue as traytors and enemies those which did to affoord his royall protection vnto A second mandate he then sends to the Towne of Rostock of which more when we come to speake of that City Sir Iohn Bannier his Majesties Lieutenant for those parts being about that time also vpon the frontiers of Mecklenburg towards Pomeren directs his Letters vnto these borderers to this purpose That seeing the Imperialists thereabouts did nothing but pillage and plunder them of their Cattell and goods and that the King his Maisters intention was onely to defend them therefore they should send their Corne and Cattle towards Rubenitz or Stralesundt Which if they refused the King would thinke those pillages wilfully endured by them to relieue his enemies and that they meant to fall away from their owne Princes and must therefore take their goods where ever he found them persecuting them as traytors and enemies Whilest here at Rubenitz the King lyes encamped and his forces in the meane time busie about the Country there arriues an Imperiall Curryer in his Camp The Emperours Letters vnto him His Letters contained an admiration of the Emperours why the King should come armed into the Empire offering him a treatie of peace if so be he would first lay downe Armes These seeme written from Ratisbone The Kings answere To this he answers That his Imperiall Majestie would cease to wonder if he pleased to remember the two Armies sent against him into Prussia the wronging of his Friends and the endangering of his owne Sweden As for the offer of peace he desires pardon if he thinkes it not sincerely meant seeing it had beene before scorned and that now the Emperour while he spake of peace did still continue his Levies As for laying downe of Armes he vtterly refuses that or to trust any more vnto verball promises and for treatie of peace he would be most glad to entertaine it which vpon these termes he will agree vnto namely That all Germany be so setled and re-estated as it was before the beginning of these warres This was written after the Kings returne to Stralesundt the same moneth of October in which it was received The Emperour perceiving that words and papers would not beate Swedens sword out of his hand at the breaking vp of the Dyet of Ratisbone in the beginning of November sets out his Imperiall mandate for the continuing of the warres and against the King of Sweden by name procuring the Electors also to decree the same and to agree to ayde him in it And by this time was the King come from Stralesundt againe vnto his Army at Rubenitz where he for a while held the head quarter of his Camp the rest of the Army being partly neerer advanc't vnto Rostock and part employed with Bannier in other places And now it seemes some of his * These I suppose were some of those forces which the King had sent towardes Magdenburg which had landed at Dassow within a leaâ—ue or two of Lubeck about Sept. 25. having beene as farre as Lubeck one of the Hanse Townes vpon the Frontiers of Mecklenburg and Holsatia and there imprisoned and vncourteously vsed the King writes his Letters vnto the Towne to this purpose That seeing such discourtesie had beene offered he could not but admonish them to forbeare as they would looke for the like vsage where he had to doe And now had not the King an Army alone hereabouts but a navy too vpon those coasts to confront the Imperiall Navy gathered amongst the Hanse Townes thereabouts For in the beginning of December I finde a Sea-fight betwixt Gabriel de Roy the Emperous Admirall with 15. shippes and 9. Swedish men of warre neere vnto Wismar another Hanse Towne betwixt Rostâ—ck and
and almost so scituate but the haven much larger Here did Duke Adolph and the Generall Toodt entrench themselues by land the Swedish fleet waiting vpon it by Sea as it did vpon Rostock also Of this siege I can adde but this vnto the former Sea-fight That about the beginning of August the Swedish Shallops boldly going into the haven brought away the Admirall and another Ship brauely towing them both away with them The Kings â—econd expeâ—â—â—ion into Mecklenburg Tilly about the 24. of Ianuary being now advanced as neere the King as Franckford on the Oder his Majestie fearing if he marcht vp into Mecklenburg he might there make fowle worke leaues Gustavus Honne with the Army about Coninxberg and writes his Letters vnto those of the New Marcke on the East side of the Oder to this purpose That seeing he haddow cleered their whole Country from their oppressors the Imperialists every man should a Gods name returne to his owne house His Letters to 〈◊〉 of the â—â—w Marcke trade and husbandry he professing to be their friend and promising to be their protector That which he desired of them was such provisions for his Army left amongst them as they could well spare and the other wanted Those that did not he would take for his and their Countries enemies Vpon which gracious Monitory divers return'd againe without molestation falling vnto their businesse This done the King calls off the most of his Army from the siege of Landtsberg and his troupes from other places appoynting their Rendezvous to be at Dam the 28. of Ianuary Stilo novo and so Feb. 4. he againe passes Stetin towards Mecklenburg where with an Army of 16000. horse and foote he vnlookt for arrived There he first of all takes in New Brandenburg within 8. leagues of Stetin Takes New Brandenburg Cononel Marezan the Governour taking composition and marching with six Companies of foote and three of horse of Monte-Cuculi his Regiment and 120. of Colonell Putlars Regiment There did the King leaue Colonell Kniphowsen for his Governour To this Towne Feb. 6. he summons the people of the Country of Stargard with whom he treates concerning the maintayning of the forces left for their guard The newes of this being brought to those of Treptow Treptow the same day another good Towne and a passage thereby away run the Imperiall Garrison of which his Majestie having speedy notice he the same day sends some troupes thither and takes it Those of Dammin a very strong Towne fearing to be taken vnfurnished with all speede send to Gripswald nere Stralesundt for more Ordnance but neyther this nor their so strong fortifications will serue their turne For Feb. 14. The strong Towne of Dammin assaulted the King sets downe to the siege after a hideous battery is the Castle first of all taken by assault and the Garrison put to the sword of whom there were seaven Companies as 't is sayd besides 150. others that had newly joyned with them Finding the Citie too strong to take by assault the 15 th day he thunders vpon that againe beates downe the workes and makes so vast a breach in the very hard walles that the Governour the Duke de Savelli an Italian finding the place not to be tenable against such thunder and resolutions Taken parlyes and yeelds Vpon the surrender he receiues the King vnder the gate and the King carryes him backe towards the Market-place Here the King sitting armed vpon his horse makes a speech vnto the Townesmen assuring them of all favour and turning to the Duke wills him to depart the Towne to salute the Emperour from him and to tell him That he was no enemy vnto his person and that his endevour should onely be to restore the libertie of Religion and of the Princes Thus with six Ensignes flying bag and baggage and two peices of Ordnance the Duke marches out of the Towne leaving 36. peices of brasse Ordnance behinde him 60. barrells of powder with victualls and Ammunition proportionable The King lost about 200. men himselfe as some say receiving a light shot Letters were intercepted from the Generally Tilly desiring the Governour to hold out but foure dayes longer at which time he should vndoubtedly be relieved Some say that Savelli was afterwards questioned vpon his life for that being over-confident of his owne strength he had refused to take in some more forces that came to offer their service This Towne much stronger then Rostock is now by new fortifications doubly strengthened Whilest the King himselfe is here busied his Lieutenant Banier goes to Loczin hard by Dammin and takes in that And Malchin another good Towne is by a stratagem surprised also Freidlandt is likewise so served and all the other strong places vpon the Frontiers of Pomerland and so is Westrow by the Sea-side Yea all the strongest places to conclude in that Dutchy except the foure strong great Townes of Wismar Rostock Butrow and Dammitz which last is an exceeding strong Towne vpon the River Elve Thus betwixt Iuly the first and February the last that is in eight moneths space hath he which is scarce credible to report taken full 80. Cities Castles and Sconces in Pomerland and in Mecklenburg Tilly marches â—â—to Mecklenburg By the end of February hath Tilly heard of the Kings proceedings in Mecklenburg and from Franckford on the Oder beginnes to set forward into that Dutchy against him The King now after the taking of Dammin sets downe with his Army betwixt it and Treptow himselfe in person one of the last dayes of February going through Pomerland vnto Berwalt neere Coninxberg where the first of March he concludes the League with France as is aforesaid Within a day or two that is March the third was Colbergen taken as hath beene sayd The next day the King goes from Stetin towards New Angermund on the same side of the Oder with Mecklenburg By this time are some forces come to him out of Scotland and there being no more neede of any Garrisons in the I le of Rugen those he calls out Thus drawes he all that might well be spared out of all his other Garrisons of Pomerland taking to him the 9000. which before were in Brandenburg those that lately besieged Colbergen the States and Gentry of Pomerland he now commaunds at their owne charge to levie 10000. men for their owne defence which forces should take oath to himselfe the Duke and States of Pomeren And now hath he 13. Regiments newly come to him out of Prussia also Thus makes he himselfe as strong against Tilly as possible may be bringing his Army from Coninxbergen over the Oder and forming an Army of some 15000. men betwixt this New Angermund Frejenwald at a little Dorpe called Swedt Hither he brings some 60. peices of Ordnance The Leaguer of Swedt hither also brings he his Ship-bridge from Stetin which here he layes over the Oder over which he hath a free passage both towards
taking of Franckford demaund Conditions and haue them The next day therefore being Satterday by eight a clocke in the morning out they march with bag and baggage and 4. feild peices and as much powder as would discharge them foure times over The Garrison was some 4500. in all of which 25. companies of foote and 12. troupes of horse whom the Swedes convoyed vnto Great Glogow in Silesia And that you may not wonder why so strong a Garrison would so soone giue vp so strong a place know this that they had no more provisions but for one day more which had the King but gotten intelligence of he had had the glory by holding out that other day to haue had them all at his mercy and to haue given them their liues which now they had vpon bargaine About this siege first and last the King of Sweden lost 600. men Thus are all those parts of Pomeren and Marckland quite cleered and all passages open into Silesia At the same time therefore that he sent one Army against Landtsbergen he dispatches the Rhynegrave and Bauditzen with other forces into Silesia which is hard by Franckford They fall vpon Crossen Crossen in Silesia taken the next great Towne vpon the Oder which they presently take vpon agreement after which they fetch in Contribution out of the Countrey as farre as Sagan and Great Glogow also This put the Imperialists in such feare that with all speede namely about the end of Aprill the Emperour sends his Ambassadours to the States of Silesia vnto whom now met at Breslaw the chiefe Citie of Silesia are these grating Propositions offered The Emperor demaunds a terrible Excise of Silesia 1. That for every Oxe pastured betwixt the Rivers Oder and Baber the Country people should pay the Emperour three Cretzers a weeke and for those beyond two Cretzers And for every 25. sheepe as much two Pfennings make 1. Creitzer 4 Creitzers 1 Baizen 5 Raizen are about an English shilling 21. Grosh make a Ryxe Dollar 2. For every bushell of Corne grownd in Silesia a Toll to be payd to the Emperour 3. Out of every hundred Rixe Dollars lent vpon Vsury the Emperour to haue one Florence 4. Out of every pound of flesh two Pfennings 5. Out of every tunne of Beere twelue Grosh to be payd And this Excise to continue for two yeares The Emperour is now enforced to lay Contributions vpon his owne natiue Subjects and Tenants of Gratz and thereabouts whom as the Princes of Leipsich sayd he had hitherto spared And now he victualls and new fortifies Vienna also Thus begins the Eagle to looke to her owne nest And now is the Dyet of Leipsich concluded which brake vpon the same Palme Sunday that the King tooke Franckford vpon And now are Don Balthasar and the Baron Dhona sent with more forces into Silesia which Diepenbach Generall for those parts complaines vnto the Emperour that he much wanted By this time is the most of Aprill spent Franckford Crossen and Landtsbergen Garrisond and fortified by the King and his Armyes from severall parts now come together and refreshed Vpon May-day therefore 1631. himselfe the next day being to come into Franckford he sends some ten Regiments of foote from Furstenwald which is about a league from Franckford towards Kopenick backe againe into the Land of Brandenburg after whom are 80. troupes of horse presently dispatched Vpon which May-day is Count Ortenburg sent in ambassage from the King vnto the Marquesse Elector of Brandenburg the Propositions were to desire Spandan and Custrine to be consigned over into his hands during the time of these warres because they lay so convenient for him both for the passage of his forces out of Mecklenburg and Pomerland vnto him and for his owne retreat backe againe vnto them if he should be put to it A moneths pay was further required for the Armie or else will the King leaue all Ortenburg returning without a satisfying answere Gustavus Horne is sent and he fayling the King himselfe goes to the Elector taking fiue troupe of horse 1000. Muskettiers and foure feild peices along with him May 3. the Elector meets him in a little wood vpon the Copenicker-heath some English mile from Berlin here the King receiving no contentment offers to returne to his Leaguer againe but the Electresse and the Court Ladies prevaile so farre with their feminine irresistibilitie that his Majestie takes his lodging in Berlin for that night with a thousand Muskettiers for his guard May 5. the treatie begins againe and by this time was the Kings whole Army come vp to Berlin the sight of an Army is a very fierce argument 't is a very prevailing Logike The Elector is with much adoe brought to yeeld Spandau vnto the King for one moneth whereupon the next day the Governour Buckersdorp with a Garrison of six hundred men goes out of the Towne and the Kings forces come in Custrine the strongest Fort of all the Country over whose bridge the Imperialists fleeing from * See pag 70. Gartz had escaped into Franckford he could not obtaine from the Elector Crachten the Governour mainly resisting the Kings desires in it That which made the King now all on the sudden to desire these passages and Retreates of the Elector was that now despayring both of the holding out of the Towne of Magdenburg and of his owne relieving of it he feared Generall Tillyes comming backe vpon him over the Dessau bridge after the taking of the Towne which was now at the last cast Cause withall had he to suspect that if Tilly should indeede come backe the feare of his fame and Armes would so prevaile with his brother of Brandenburg that he might perchance be enforced to the cooping of him vp at these Townes whereby he should be hindered of his retreate backe into Pomerland Hearing by this time that the Towne of Magdenburg The King encamps at Potstayn was actually now taken May 10 th his Majestie with all speede encamps at Potstayn a Towne in the Old Marck of Brandenburg betwixt Berlin and the Towne of Old Brandenburg whither a little before he had caused his Army to retyre At this Leaguer the mayn of his Army stayes from about the 8th or 10th of May vntill Iune following Here having formed a Camp he first of all sends a Trumpet to summon the Imperialists in old Brandenburg Rattenaw two good Townes vpon the River Havel laying his passage this way towards the River of Elve so to blocke out Tilly Old Brandenburg and Rattenaw taken from breaking in that way vpon him Brandenburg and Rattenaw thus summoned and Tilly yet so busied at Magdenburg that he could not helpe them and the King presenting his Canon before their towns granting them no respite to consider vpon it and laying hold of all the boats vpon the river Havel from thence even to Havelberg towne they are forced to yeeld and to be packing Some actions in Silesia In this time
foote the Dutchies of Pomerland and Mecklenburg being at the charges of maintaining most of the horse Some may imagine that this was but a colourable deniall in Brandenburg and rather Art then force in the King Their reason is because the King of Sweden is brother in Law to the Elector of Brandenburg as having married his sister and therefore not likely to doe him violence he besides being one of those oppressed Princes whom the King came to relieue So that this they judge to haue beene such a practise as that as they say before of the Duke of Pomerlands was and that Brandenburg seem'd to be vnwilling with what he was glad of that he might haue this answere to giue the Emperour That he was forced to it I cannot tell but this I beleeve that would Brandenburg haue done the King a service he might haue before done it by granting Custrine vnto him and that might haue beene the saving of Magdenburg This I rather beleeue that Magdenburg being thus taken and destroyed the Elector was terribly affrighted and therefore durst not but desire Spandau againe but hearing now that Tilly was gone a fortnights march from him engaged otherwhere and the Dessau bridge broken downe that he could not returne he cōsented vnto the King Well! the agreement being made the King on the same 12. of Iune goes thence by water vnto Stetin there to giue audience vnto the Russian Ambassadour which he did vpon the 14th after By this time there having beene some murmuring amongst the Protestants against the King concerning the taking of Magdenburg as if he had beene too slow or defectiue in his aydes or counsells vnto that Citie His Majestie though in himselfe guiltlesse yet considering that he is cruell to himselfe who is negligent of his owne fame or reputation he thinkes himselfe bound in honour to excuse himselfe and therefore sends abroad this his Apologie which wee haue here abbreviated That he could never by any perswasions or assurances draw in the Citizens of Magdenburg The Kings Apologie concerning Magdenburg to disburse any moneyes towards the levying of any forces for his service and their own safeties no nor so much as to billet or quarter any of his troopes vpon them vntill by the blocking vp of their towne they were compelled vnto it That neither could their owne Prince the Administrator of Magdenburg when in the end of Iuly 1630. he came into their Citie obtaine so much of them which had it beene done Pappenheim had then beene diverted an inexpugnable Fort might haue beene raysed and the Seate of warre haue beene turn'd off from the Citie That the enemy had such potent Agents within the Towne that all good resolutions in others were hindered by them and vnto their trecheries is the ruine of their owne Countrey to be imputed That notwithstanding all this the Citie can witnesse his great care in borrowing moneyes from Hambrough and Lubeck for them which had beene sent vnto them As for any promise from his Majestie which the Citizens may alledge that they relyed vpon they must know that this is to be regulated according to conveniencie possibilitie and the present state of things so that the King might not then endanger the whole action for the particular of one Citie especially seeing their owne negligence had now made his promise impossible to be kept Moreover other most insuperable difficulties haue since fallen out and made his relieving of them impossible As that Imperiall Armie in Pomeren and Mecklenburg which besides that it was farre too strong for him in horse had even then blockt vp all passages from the East Sea vnto Magdenburg That it had beene in vaine for him to haue attempted any further vntill he had first taken in those two mightie passages of Gartz and Grippenhagen That notwithstanding all his diligence he could not conveigh any troopes vnto Magdenburg to any purpose vntill November last by which time the enemy had encroached too farre vpon them That Gartz and Grippenhagen being taken he might haue ruined the whole Emperours Army could he but haue obteined the passage of Custrine but this had bin denyed him by Krachten then Governour of it That hereupon he was faine to let the enemy escape in their flight from Gartz into Landtsbergen nor was he able after that to cleere the Elve of the enemies all this through Krachtens deniall If it had beene expected that his Majesty should then haue joyned battell with Tilly they are to consider the many labours and weaknesse of his forces the hardnesse of the winter and the over-matching power of the enemy who had he wonne the battell had at that blow conquered both Magdenburg and Germany That after Tillyes retyring from him to besiege Magdenburg he had strengthened the Imperiall Army left against his Majesty with 12000 new men laying them vpon all the passages and advantages of Pomeren Brandenburg and Silesia and especially vpon the River Oder and in the Townes of Franckford and Landtsbergen that had he stirr'd to relieue Magdenburg they had come vpon his backe That to shew his willingnesse to relieue Magdenburg he had adventured vpon the taking of Franckford and after that advanced as farre as Spandaw and Potstayn towards it That notwithstanding the Towne so much concerned the Elector of Saxony yet could his Majesty never obtaine of him any aydes towards the reliefe of it or any passage by Wittenberg or the Dessau bridge towards it That the Elector of Brandenburg had not or could not in time deliver him such victualls and shipping as were necessary to it as having a respect vnto what the Elector of Saxony did or would doe That he yet knew not whether these two Electors were or would be his friends or his enemies All this considered his Majesties Councell of warre assured him That with so over-wearied an Army first to passe so many enemies in the way and then to haue set vpon Tilly had ruind all Lastly that he would haue relieved the Towne appeares by the neede himselfe stood in of it seeing vpon the newes of the taking of it he was faine to retyre with his Army and project new designes for his securitie and proceeding This was his Majesties Apologie Suppose now in the meane time the Generall Tilly to be removed from Magdenburg whence in Whitsun weeke about the end of May he departed This knowne the King presently hath a designe of recovering those places and he having forsaken the Elve the King sends towards it Now doth the gallant Bauditzen all of a sudden one night with his Dragonniers passe a shallow place or Foord of the Elve whereby the Imperialists in Werben are taken sleepers kill'd Werben taken and Borg. rowted or imprisoned their Lieutenant-Colonell their chiefe Quarter-maister and their Towne surprised Others at the same time doe as much to Borg within 4. leagues of Magdenburg Tilly now vpon his march hearing of these tydings and fearing withall that the King had an
let flie amongst them The other Imperialists cannot bee said to haue taken the Alarme but the fright at it some get horses to fight and some to flie well which way soever they issue out of the Towne one Troupe or other of Collenbach's muskettiers are ready to entertaine them Thus are 1500 slaine all the 4 Regiments defeated Bernsteyn kild Holck and Coronino fled some 28 or 29 Cornets taken wherof of Bernsteyns 10 of Holcks 6 of Monte Cuculies 5 of Coroninoes 7 besides those that were burnt Great bootie gotten of silver-vessell c. some one souldier lighting vpon 1000 Rix-Dollars and another vpon as many Duckets This defeate hapned vpon Sunday morning Iuly 17 vpon which day these Imperialsts were dispenced withall for being at Morrow-Masse as having before day light beene at a Black-Sanctus This defeate was given Tilly himselfe being in sight of it Generall Tilly resolving now vpon a revenge vpon Tuesday and Wednesday following he musters and over-veiwes his Armie and Ammunition gets all things ready for a battell Vpon Thursday Iuly 21 forward he sets towards the King by faire and easie marches not to over-tyre his Armie comming vnto Tangermund where the King had before encamped and from whence he had given order for his Garrison to retyre if they perceived Tilly about to come vpon them Tilly at this time reckoning those that were before slaine brought some 26000 men along with him and all these like himselfe full of anger resolution and desire of revenge Before he would assault the Kings Trenches he was said secretly to haue sent vnto some confederates and well-wishers of his or otherwise corrupted with promises to doe a peice of trecherous service for him and that was to naile the Kings Ordnance at least in that part of the Camp where he meant to fall on that so it might be made vnserviceable against him Tilly 3 times assaults the King in his Trenches The plot being by I know not what remorse in the conscience of one of the vndertakers discovered The King t is said gaue not Tilly one Canon shot when hee first fell on notwithstanding he were come even vnder the Ordnance and that Tilly was said to haue made about 60. This made him confident and his men braue who pressing now on in great multitudes all of a sudden was such a tempest of shot chaine-shot murthering-shot and what ever was cruellest to doe execution showred in amongst them that there was made a miserable butcherie By another Avenue at the same time out sallies Bauditzen with 3 Regiments of horse who set so rudely vpon the Enemies Curiassers that had the King seconded him with the rest of the Armie it had beene as t is thought a very miserable defeate Thus is the retreat sounded for that night Within a day or two another revenge must be attempted before which t is reported also that Tilly should haue hired some Boores to haue fired the Towne of Werben round about which the Kings Leaguer was but these two reports wee doe onely relate but presse not vpon our Readers these perchance are but devised Well Tilly can make nothing of it neither this day nor the next which was S. Iames his day Iuly 25 and the last day that hee attempted any thing vpon the Trenches Tilly beaten off and is therefore forced to retire towards Tangermund In which retreat the King himselfe setting vpon him so over-laid the Crabats that they were driven backe vpon their owne Foote who to keepe them from disordering of their rancks were faine to staue them off by charging their pikes vpon them Tilly perceiving the King comming made Alt or a stand putting his men in order bringing forward his Canon as the King also did A skirmish now beginning was by the night taken off both sides retyring to their quarters Some say that the King himselfe was in one of these fights in some danger and too farre engaged and that Bauditzen was so hemb'd in that he was faine by maine force to breake through and that in the comming off he should breake his sword in the body of a great Commaunder bringing out nothing but the hilts and some two handfuls of the blade and that his horse was 4 times shot and a peice of his saddle carried away The Generall Tilly not vsing thus to be foiled and having a good mind to be revenged layes a Bridge over the Elbe at his Campe at Tangermund daily sending some out to spie their opportunitie and advantage but perceiving many of those which he sent out never to returne againe and victuals to proue excessiue deare yea scarce to be gotten for any money he having beene almost a whole moneth about the King and all that to doe as the blind cat did to the flie Tilly retires from the King lickt the skinne off her owne tongue about the 10 of August hee dislodges with his Armie marching directly towards Garleben Wolmerstadt Hall and so to the Duke of Saxonies Countrie His wants may well be beleeved to be many seeing he was now enquartered vpon that Country which himselfe had before dispeopled and eaten up Fiue hundred starved horses left he behind him a most rich prey for a kennell of hounds and 800 wagons for want of horses to draw them with much else perchance which otherwise he would not haue left behind Some report him to haue lost 6000 or 7000 men perchance in all these 3 great defeates of Papenheyms Bernsteyns and his owne hee might and yet is halfe so many a great many for so great a Generall to loose nor would the side haue it so many confessed Generall Tilly thus marcht off and the King having now no need to keepe so many Forces together it being both inconvenient and chargeable besides he divides his Army into 3 severall Quarters of which we shall by and by tell you more During this time The Queene of Sweden arriues in Pomeren her Majestie the Queene of Sweden arrives with 8000 men at Wolgast by Stralesunt where the King had before appointed a Pallace to entertaine her And now also is the Lord Marquis Hamilton arrived His Lordship after his going from London vpon Iuly 18 met with the Forces that were to joyne with him out of Scotland in Yarmouth roade in Norfolke which was their appointed place of meeting Thence setting saile the 19th being a fleete of some 38 or 40 on the 25th they came before Elsemore Castle in the Sowndt of Denmarke Marquis Hamilton arriues in Pomeren There went the Marquis a shoare to kisse the King of Denmarkes hand who then lay at Frederickstadt The 29th they set saile againe comming to anchor the next day by the Isle of Rugen The 31th they sail'd into the mouth of the Oder betwixt Wolgast and the Isle of Vsedome The 2 and 3 of August were the Forces landed being vpon muster found to bee aboue 6000 able men amongst which but a very few sicke and two dead in all
the voyage The two next dayes they were all armed and wafted over the river from the I le of Vsedome vnto Wolgast side and there billetted in 5 Villages Here-abouts for a while they stay and that for the comming of 4 or 5000 Swedish which were to be sent vnto them These being at hand to meete them about September 20 vp the Oder from Stetin they goe being about some 41 Companies some peices of Ordnance they carry with them by water and some t is said are drawne over-land along by them Their way was towards Silesia where Gustavus Horne was now with an Armie They were afterwards engarrison'd in Custrine Franckford Landtsbergen His men put into Garrison and Crossen in whose places the old souldiers were drawne out into the field A report we here had of a defeate they should giue but this we leaue to be confirmed in our second part The newes of the English-mens comming being reported at the Emperours Court at Vienna did something startle and amaze some of the Courtiers but the Hubbub was ere long well allaied by a letter from a good Catholicke hand no doubt received out of England Catholike Intelligence The Contents were how that few or none could here in England bee gotten to come at the beating of the drummes or to serue against the Emperour wherevpon a most strict presse was faine to be set abroad vpon which few or none except rogues or jayle-birds were taken so that those Forces were not much to be feared You see how much this Army was beholden to their Countrey-man this Spaniolized Intelligencer Suppose his Majestie of Sweden employed all this while about the emptying of his great Camp at Werben The King dislodges his Arâ—â—ie into other Stations Some he keepes there still others are sent into Rattenaw and a third division into old Brandenburg This was about mid August About which time he hath 4000 new men come to reenforce him out of Sweden Some Ordnance and Engines of warre they brought with them and they tooke their way thorough Brandenburg-land towards Franckford And these I suppose were the men whose comming the English stayed for The King leaving Bauditzen with chiefe Commaund for the time in the Camp at Werben with some ten Regiments of horse and six of foote vpon the 29. of August himselfe in person departs from Rattenaw towards old Brandenburg carrying foure Regiments of Dutch and one of Finlanders along with him By this time was the Generall Tilly a very busie enemy in taking of Townes in Saxony and that Duke with an Army of 20000. men in the field about Torgau one of his chiefe Frontier Townes towards the Kings Army The Duke must now declare with the King or perish vnder Tilly and there had not onely many treaties passed with the Duke concerning the conjoyning of their Armes but as it seemes some assurances of late times little or nothing now remaining to be concluded but some circumstantiall particulars poynts of honour and proportions of payments to the Kings Army All these it was not hard to be fayrely accommodated and the Dukes pressing necessities his Majestie well perceived would suddenly enforce him to condescend Vpon these grounds The King moues towards the Duke of Saxony the King moues forward towards the Duke of Saxonyes Country So then the Kings Infantery or Foote being fayrely sent a little before the Cavalry the same 29. of August in number 73. Cornets of horse and 1000. Dragoniers marches from old Brandenburg taking vp their Quarter the same night some two leagues from that Citie and for that he would not hinder his march by taking of Townes or going thorough them A hard Quarter he that night pitcht in the feilds neere the Towne of Zegesern where the Army was but very poorely accoÌ„modated as being constreyned to content themselues with the hospitality of the warres and to lodge all night in the open ayre vnder the blew skies and to accept of as cold Commons vnto it and all by reason that the Kings carriages in which their baggage and necessaries were was not yet come vp vnto them The next day August 30. so soone as the Army appear'd in battell array his Majesty the King of Sweden rode vp and downe amongst them from Regiment to Regiment and from ranck to ranck giving them this gracious Encouragement The Kings Oration to his Souldiers Yee Lords and Gentlemen much grieved I am at this your hard lodging and entertainement But courage my hearts we are now as good as in the Dukedome of Saxony and there indeede our intention is to enter Assure your selues that things will mend there there shall you haue victualls sufficient and provision enough then also shall we fully pay you the arrier of whatsoever meanes is now due vnto you Let vs onely make this condition with you that you there behaue your selues more civilly and gentely then in some other places you haue done and in the Marquisate of Brandenburg especially where in deede it much grieved Vs to see things carryed so ill-favouredly Hearke at this present the Drummes beate a march and the Trumpet sounds to Arme the signals and summons of our moving forward To morrow our Army breakes vp from Werben and that also is to follow vs. Tilly notwithstanding his great Army stands already in so much awe of vs that he proceeds with more leisure and warinesse then he was heretofore wont to doe for they haue beene beaten to it It doth nothing daunt your valiant hearts I know that his Army is called Invincible seeing you haue found it not to be so On therefore my hearts a Gods name Wee daily pray vnto the LORD of Hoasts for you and we desire you to doe the same for Vs that he would be graciously pleased to goe along with vs to assist vs and to giue vs good successe in whatsoever just and religious enterprise we vndertake The Army thus encouraged and assured of their enterprise now rise and march So that taking their way by Beltzig they arriue at Coswig within two leagues of Wittenberg August 31. Hither now the same day came the Lord Arnheym Feild-Marshall to the Duke of Saxony and at this time his Ambassadour to the King Saxons vnion with the King The case is now altered with that Duke Tilly had taught him to request of the King what he had before eyther denyed him or would not time enough declare himselfe in aydes and joyning with him Arnheym humbly now declaring his Maisters estate requests his Majesties speedy assistance the Conditions and manner whereof being Sept. 1. on the Kings part consented vnto and sent vnto the Duke are the next day returned in writing and signed The Vnion had these foure Conditions now yeelded vnto by the Duke which he so much before stood vpon And the conditions of it 1. That his Majestie of Sweden might freely from henceforth passe and repasse through Saxony 2. That the Elector of Saxony should at
in carrying home spoiles of the warres though not of their Enemies Yet all fled not for the Lord Arnheym Field-Marshall to the Duke and an old Souldier together with Colonell Bindauff * Some write him Taub Doue and Vitzthimb with their 4 Regiments brauely yet stood vnto it Steinau a Colonell of Horse was with 4 Cornets taken prisoner by the Enemie who at length perceiving the Kings partie to prevaile brake through the Enemie and assisted his owne side The Imperialists now seeing the Saxons flying cry Victoria Victoria follow follow follow but the old Lad their Generall quickly countermaunded that saying Let them goe wee shall overtake them time enough but let vs beate the Swede too and then all Germany is our owne In this medlie Furstenberg with his old Regiment of Italian Horse having charged quite thorow the Saxons The Count of Furstenberg defeated was now comming vpon the Swedens backe which they perceiving with such resolution second his charge and follow their owne that they chase him almost an English mile from the place so vtterly cutting off dispersing the whole Regiment that they could not recover it all that battell Slaine and here perchance himselfe was slaine In this time the Duke of Holsteyn with his left wing having charged the King The Duke of Hossteyn defeated â—nd slaine was with such resolution and valour answered that after 5 or 6 charges bewixt them the Duke was mortally wounded and taken prisoner his whole Armie defeated and 3 peices of Ordnance taken By this time the King having notice of the Duke of Saxonies leaving the field and that Tilly was ready to charge his battaile presently drawes out 2000 commaunded Muskettiers of the braue Scottish Nation led by Colonell Havord they having some 2000 horse vpon their flancks to staue off the enemie a while The Scots of the Lord Reayes Regiments as t is said first breake Tillyes rancks The Scots ordering themselues in severall small battagliaes about 6 or 700 in a body presently now double their rankes making their files then but 3 deepe the discipline of the King of Sweden being never to march aboue 6 deepe this done the formost rancke falling on their knees the second stooping forward and the third rancke standing right vp and all giving fire together they powred so much lead at one instant in amongst the enemies horse that their ranckes were much broken with it This advantage the Swedish Horse lined with Muskettiers apprehending resolutely falling amongst them vpon their Croopes vtterly now disperse them The foote perceiving their horse vpon whose braverie they so much depended to be thus put to rowte stand sore amazed at that which they so little expected And now the King with his Foote falling in vpon their Van and with his Horse vpon their flancks Tilly vtterly defeated and taken prisoner after 4 houres hard fight vtterly defeated them In this hot service was the Generall Tilly himselfe much distressed and some say prisoner a while though vnknowne vnto the Kings Armie certaine it is that he was twice or thrice wounded with pistoll-shot Wounded which the Saxon writers say was done by their men most affirme that he was fetcht off by the valour of * Brother to him that Papâ—enheym had before taken prisoner about Magdenburgh Rodolp Maximilian Duke of Saxon-Lawenburg that day serving on the Emperors side who fought like a lyon with whom and two other horsemen Tilly came and conjoyned himselfe vnto the valiant Baron of Cronenberg This bold Baron and his Regiment serving in the right wing had 4 times in those 4 houres Tilly rescued charged the Kings Forces and hee at last when no more could be done brauely carried away his Generall in the midst of his owne now flying Troupes Thus notwithstanding that the left wings of both Armies had beene rowted and defeated yet the right wings vnder their old and experienced Cheiftaines stood stiffely brauely to it from 2 in the afternoone till 6 at night by which time the Imperialists were quite defeated and beaten out of the field The Chase being miserably slaine and trodden downe in the chace Had the King had but 3 houres more of day light scarcely had 1000 Enemies come off aliue but the darkenes which was safest for them to flie being not so for him to pursue the joyfull retreate is sounded and the chace given over for that night There were full 15000 of the Enemies slaine vpon the place of battell or in the chace the same night and the dayes following as one of our High-Dutch Relations assures us 14 peices of halfe The Dutch word is Kartunen whence ours The bootie and losses Curtoes or Demi-canons and 16 lesser peices of 8 or 10 pound ball taken Some of them having the Armes of the Emperour Duke of Bavaria and Wallensteyn others those of the Pals-graue the Elector of Brandenburg Duke of Brunswick c. The Enemies whole Leaguer neere vnto Leipsich was taken full standing and in it 3000 Wagons and all their baggage Tents and Pavilions together with a great number of Cattell oxen sheepe Asses poultry bread wine much costly stuffe with some gold and silver Before the Leaguer was there a great square sconce which the Defendants had forsaken And this was as compleate a victorie as possibly could bee gotten Not stolen by night which Alexander scorned but atcheived by fine force in the broad day-light betwixt 12 and 6 in the afternoone No advantage of place to assist the King t was vpon a faire levell and Campagnia No casuall advantage but was against him the wind the wood and higher ground all possessed by the Enemie No advantage in numbers or reputation of men Tillyes were the more the older Souldiers and their Armie was called Invincible Nay one disadvantage had the King as great as possibly could be a maine fleshing to the Enemy a weakning of halfe his own Armie and a discouragement to the rest by the early defeat of the Duke of Saxonie So that all the advantages lay on the Enemies side and the disadvantages vpon the Kings His Majesty lost not aboue 1200 men in the whole fight Cheife men slaine on the Kings side the Duke of Saxonie not full 2000. Of cheife CoÌ„maunders on the Kings side these slaine Baron Teuffell Collenbach Corwille Hall Adergast all Colonells with divers Captaines and Lieutenants On the Duke of Saxonies side these Coll * He is called Bâ—udâ—orp page 36. Bindtauff Starchedell Serjeant Major Holbeirsdorff and Lemminger both Lieutenants Colonells Hans George of Humrott Generall Adjutant On the Dukes Gerstorff Musculus Count Mansfield Lubers Lemminger Carlowitz Willenstein Rockonitz Henneger Lord Otto of Villaz all Captaines of Foote or Horse with Serjeant Major Drandorff whereof some died the same day and some the next Of Tillyes side slaine Of Tillyes side slaine these following Duke Adolp of Holsteyn the Generall the Count of Furstenberg Schomberg Generall of