of the Bishop of Lincoln's Life and within less than three Years after he became Arch-bishop got the Bishop of Lincoln fined and imprisoned and his Estate to be sequestred by an Order of the Star-Chamber and at last acknowledged he had never read the Commission by which he acted These things see in the Bishop of Litchfield par 2. fol. 125. tit 119. Tho Laud had never read the Commission by which he acted yet so zealous was he for the Execution of the Sequestration of the Bishop of Lincoln's Estate that he sends this Warrant to the King's Solicitor I think Sir John Banks It is his Majesty's Pleasure that you prepare a Commission to the Prebendaries of the Collegiate Church of Westminster authorizing them to keep their Audits and other Capitular Meetings at their usual times and to treat and compound with the Tenants for Leases and to pass the same accordingly chuse Officers and confirm and execute all other lawful Acts for the good and benefit of the College and said Prebendaries And to take out the Common or Charter-Seal for sealing such Leases and Grants as will be agreed upon by the Sub-Dean and the major part of the Prebendaries and also to pass all the Premisses under the Title of the Dean and Chapter of the Collegiate Church of St. Peter in Westminster during the Suspension of the Bishop of Lincoln from the Deanary of Westminster and for doing whereof this shall be your Warrant Lambeth-House 22d of November 1637. W. Cant. See Whitlock's Memoirs fol. 25. a. Whether the King ever granted any such Warrant to W. Cant. non constat for the King never speaks to his Subjects but either personally in Parliament or under the Broad-seal which here does not appear besides all Warrants of Courts are signed by the Seals of the Courts and executed by their proper and sworn Officers neither of which were W. Cant. or the King's Solicitor Yet at this rate was this Nation ridden during the Regency of W. Cant. This Phaeton thus mounted up on high being the first Peer of England was yet higher in the King's Favour than Richlieu was with the French King But as the Temper of these Princes and their Favourites were different so had they different Fates Lewis was steady and true to his Word from whence he acquired the Title of Just Charles fickle and unstable easily put upon things by his Favourites and as suddenly altering them and doing quite contrary from whence it was that Lewis supported the Cardinal in all his Shocks of adverse Fortune and to the Indignation of his Mother whereas Charles in the Adversity of their Fortunes gave up Laud and all his Favourites as a Sacrifice to their Enemies As the Fates of these Favourites were different so were their Parts Richlieu's High Generous and the ablest Statesman of the Age Laud's Pedantick and Narrow After the marrying the Lady Rich to the Earl of Devonshire he spent his time in seeking Preferment at Court and in setting up Factions in the University of Oxford for promoting Arminianism Richlieu was a Constant Assertor of the Privileges of the Gallican Church and a Hater of the Jesuits who bring in Innovations and exalt a Papal Power above them whereas Laud not only brought Innovations into the Church of England but was the Head of the Arminian Party under whose Banners the Popish Party sought to undermine and destroy the Church of England Richlieu laid the Foundation of the French King's Greatness by Sea and Land Laud put King Charles upon such Ways as proved the Ruin of the King Himself and the Church and State of England But before we proceed herein let us stay a little and consider the unhappy State of the Education of the Youth of England in Grammer Schools and Universities The End designed by God and Nature by Instruction of Youth is to honour and worship God and how to subsist and converse after they become Men for without the latter it will be impossible to perform the former I say this latter no way conduces to the End by breeding Youth up in Grammar-Schools and our Universities for no Man lives out of Society and Commerce and every Man stands in need of being supplied by another in things he stands in want of so that the great End by Education of Youth is to instruct Youth how to supply another so as to be able by another to supply himself of such things as he stands in need of but this is utterly neglected in Grammar-Schools and our Universities and yet double more are bred up in Grammar-Schools and our Universities than the Revenues of the Church can maintain and this Breeding fits Youth for no Conversation and Business but only puffs them up with a Conceit of their Learning when they understand not that of all Mankind they are the most unlearned and unfit for any Business The Supernumeraries of these unhappy Men who can get no Maintenance in the Church and by their Breeding are of no use in Church or State yet desire to live but can get no Living but by nourishing Factions against those who are preferred in the Church and State Poor Men they know no better and if this be taken from them they know not how to live From whence it follows that unless these Supernumeraries be restrained in their Education which cannot be but by rooting out of Grammar-Schools and the chopping Logick in our Universities whereby I say no rational Proposition in any Art or Science was ever inferred from Aristotle Descartes or any since these Supernumeraries will as necessarily nourish Factions in England as the Jesuits do here and in the rest of Christendom Many of these Supernumeraries got their Maintenance by being Chaplains to Noble-men and Gentlemen but in both they regarded more the Humour of the People where they were Lecturers and Disposition of their Patrons and Patronesses where they were Chaplains than the Liturgy of this Church The Diocess of London was too contracted to restrain the boundless Ambition of this Bishop for the last Parliament was no sooner dissolved but Laud presented the King with Considerations for the better setling Church-Government in both Provinces of York as well as Canterbury The 4th of these was That a special Charge be given against frequent and unworthy Ordinations but Latet Anguis in Herba None shall be worthy but Arminians The 5th was That special Care be had of our Lecturers in every Diocess which by reason of Pay are the Peoples Creatures and blow the Bellows of their Sedition But if the Bishop will not let them do this they know no other way to live and willingly would not starve For abating the Peoples Power the 2d Consideration is That every Bishop in his Diocess ordain that every Lecturer do read in his Surplice Divine Service before his Lecture which if he does 't is twenty to one those that pay the Lecturer will pay no more What then becomes of the Lecturer for there 's no other
See the Life of General Monk p. 23 24. written by his Chaplain Dr. Gumble The Parliament having recruited the Earl of Essex's Army he forced his Passage and relieved Glocester the King's Army retreat to Newbury where it was charged by Essex and worsted and in the Fight the Ornament of the Age the learned and most ingenious Lord Falkland tho weary of his Life and presaging his own Destiny was slain as were the Earls of Sunderland and Carnarven If the King's Army had such bad Success before Glocester my Lord of New-Castle had worse before Hull for lying in a moorish unhealthy place in a sickly season of the Year viz. September and October the whole Army fell into Fluxes and other Distempers so as they were forced to raise the Siege having done nothing considerable in it besides at this time Lyn-Regis in Norfolk a Place near as considerable as Hull was seized by the Gentry of Norfolk and might have been relieved if New-Castle had not been engaged in besieging Hull Tho the English and Scotish Parliament agreed in their Solemn League and Covenant yet so did not Sir John Hotham and his Son with the Preferment of Sir Thomas Fairfax and others in the North so that Sir John Hotham refused to serve under Fairfax Hereupon the Parliament intended to have displaced Hotham which when he heard of both he and his Son treated with the Marquess of New-Castle to deliver Hull to the King and the Parliament suspecting the Design sent Sir Matthew Bromton Sir John's Brother-in-law to seize both Father and Son which Sir John little suspecting till it was too late fled to Beverly where he was seized by his own Soldiers and carried to Hull from whence Sir Matthew sent both Father and Son to London where soon after both lost their Heads When the Parliament sent Commissioners to invite the Scots to come to their Assistance the King sent Letters to disswade them from it urging the manifold Grants he had given to them when he was in Scotland last which compleated all they could ask and their solemn Protestations to be for ever his Majesty's most obedient Subjects See the Act cited by Sir Rich. Baker fol. 514. That it should be detestable Treason in the highest degree for any of the Scots Nation conjunctly or singly to raise Arms or any military Force upon any Cause whatever without the King's Commission But now unprovoked by the King and against his express Command they in open Hostility enter England a second time against him so little Faith or Honour was to be trusted to from these Covenanters for the Scots having made their Market with the King resolve to improve it with the Parliament and besides their Pay or Wages of Iniquity will have the Covenant and Kirk-Government imposed upon the English as well as Scots Nation and tho the King's Letters were signed by 19 Lords the Scots ordered them to be burnt by the common Hangman and in order hereunto General Lesley now Earl of Leven upon the 16th of January enters into England again with an Army of above 20000 Scots The King to add Reputation to his Arms summoned the Members of Parliament which followed him to meet at Oxford upon the 22d of January where they voted the coming of the Scots to be Treason and Rebellion but because they would not come up to the King's Desire in Voting the Members at Westminster to be no Parliament the King in great Displeasure with them and in his Letters to the Queen calls them his mungrel Parliament such was the Kindness the King shewed those Noble Lords and Gentry for sacrificing their Lives and Fortunes for his Service And to oppose the Scots the King makes a Cessation of Arms with the Irish and draws back into England the English which he sent to oppose the Irish but these were every where beaten 1500 of them cast away by Sea and the greatest Body of them commanded by Sir Michael Ernley Major General Gibson Sir Francis Boteler and Colonel Monk who shall unravel all the Parliament and Scots were now weaving were totally routed and dispersed by Sir Thomas Fairfax joining with Sir William Brereton near Nantwich and all these with Colonel Gibs Harmon Sir Ralph Dawns with 14 Captains 26 Ensigns and other inferiour Officers and 1500 common Soldiers taken Prisoners with the loss of their Cannon and Baggage So that as Serjeant Whitlock observes f. 79. a. these Irish never did the King any considerable Service But to sweeten this Prince Rupert at the close of this Year beat Sir John Meldrum a Scot who besieged Newark and his Army surrendred up their Arms Upon which the Parliament-Garisons in Gainsborow Lincoln and Sleford quitted these Places to the King's Forces And here we will end the Year 1643. and take notice how Mr. Serjeant Whitlock f. 64. b. errs in point of Time where he says the Scots passed the Tyne in 1642 under General Lesley to assist the Parliament and f. 67. a. he says the Queen was brought to Bed at Exeter of the Princess Henrietta Maria which for ought appears was before the Queen landed from Holland for she was born the 20th of June 1644. See Sir Baker's Hist f. 434. a. Anno Reg. 20. Dom. 1644. The Wonders which succeeded these two Years in England will better appear if a View be taken of the present Posture of Affairs as they stood in the beginning of this Year England and Scotland are united in one Solemn League and Covenant in January last Lesley or Leven enter'd England with an Army of 18000 Foot and 3500 Horse and Dragoons and soon after the Earl of Calendar enter'd England with an Army of 10000 Scots more these commanded by old and experienced Officers and the English Parliament's Armies were commanded by as brave and resolute Commanders as were to be found in Europe The Fleet wholly at the Parliament's Devotion and so was the City of London So that if you look upon the Superstructure nothing could appear more strong and lasting And all this time you hear little of Oliver Cromwel more than that he was a Captain of Horse and being of a bold and active Spirit secured the Town of Cambridg for the Parliament and was very diligent in obstructing several Levies for the King in Cambridgshire Essex Suffolk and Norfolk For these Services he had a Commission to be a Colonel of Horse and having an insinuating and canting way of preaching and seeming very Godly raised such a Regiment of Horse as was no where to be found the Riders spirited with Zeal to the Cause yet not of the Scots mode and to secure them without Oliver took care to provide them able Horses and to be well arm'd and accoutred so as every one of them beside Sword and Pistol had Pot Back and Breast Musquet-proof He was Nephew to Sir Oliver Cromwel who had a very great Estate but his Father being a younger Brother had not above 300 l. per Annum as was said Their
to procure a private Audience of the King tho he often desired it but what the Duke assisted at Inoiosa impatient of any longer Delay about the latter end of April 1624 contrived this Expedient to put the following Paper into the King's Hand he and Don Carlo de Colonna came adventurously to White-Hall and whilst Don Carlo held the Prince and Duke in earnest Discourse Inoiosa put this Paper into the King's Hand with a Wink that the King should put it into his Pocket wherein 1. He terrifies the King that he was not or could not be acquainted with the Passages either of his own Court or of the Parliament for he was kept from all faithful Servants that would inform him by the Ministers of the Prince and Duke and that he was a Prisoner as much as King John of France in England or King Francis at Madrid and could not be spoken with but before such as watched him 2. That there was a strong and violent Machination in hand which had turned the Prince a most obedient Son to a quite contrary Course to his Majesty's Intentions 3. That the Council began last Summer at Madrid but was lately resolved on in England to restrain his Majesty from the Exercise of the Government of his Kingdoms and that the Prince and Duke had designed such Commissioners under themselves as should intend great Affairs and the Publick Good 4. That this should be effected by beginning of a War and keeping some Companies on foot in this Land whereby to constrain his Majesty to yield to any thing chiefly being brought into Straits for want of Monies to pay the Souldiers 5. That the Prince and Duke's inclosing his Majesty from the said Ambassador and other of his own Loyal People that they might not come near in private did argue in them a fear and distrust of a good Conscience 6. That the Emissaries of the Duke had brought his Majesty into Contempt with the potent Men of this Realm traducing him for slothful and unactive for addiction to an inglorious Peace while the Inheritance of his Daughter and her Children is in the Hands of his Foes and this appear'd by a Letter which the Duke had writ into Holland and they had intercepted 7. That his Majesty's Honour nay his Crown and Safety did depend upon a sudden Dissolution of the Parliament 8. They loaded the Duke with sundry Misdemeanours in Spain and his violent Opposition to the Match 9. That the Duke had divulged the King's Secrets and the close Designs between his Majesty and their Master King Philip about the States of Holland and their Provinces and laboured to put his Majesty out of the good Opinion of the Hollanders 10. That the Duke was guilty of most corrupt dealing with the Ambassadors of divers Princes 11. That all these things were carried on in the Parliament with an head-strong Violence and that the Duke was the cause of it who courted them only that were of troubled Humours 12. That such Bitterness and Ignominies were vented in Parliament against the King of Spain as were against all good Manners and Honour of the English Nation The 13th is a flat Contradiction to the Precedents wherein they made the Prince privy to dangerous things yet in this they say That the Puritans of whom the Duke was Head did wish they could bring it about that the Succession of the Kingdom might come to the Prince Palatine and his Children in right of the Lady Elizabeth In a Postscript the Paper prayed the King That Don Francisco Carondelet Secretary to the Marquess Inoiosa might be brought to the King when the Prince and Duke were sitting in the Lords House to satisfy such Doubts as the King might raise which was performed by the Earl of Kelly who watch'd a fit Season at one time for Francisco and for Padre Maestro a Jesuit at another time who told their Errand so spitefully that the King was troubled at their Relations How far the Spanish Ambassador Carondelet and the Jesuit Maestro could make good this Paper I cannot tell nor does the Bishop say however the King was apprehensive that the Parliament was solicitous to engage him in a War for the Palatinate which he so dreaded that as the Bishop says he thought scarce any Mischief was so great as was worth a War to mend it wherein the Prince did deviate from him as likewise in his Affection to the Spanish Alliance But he stuck at the Duke more whom â—e defended in one part to one of the Spanish Ministers yet at the same time complaining That he had noted in him a turbuleâ—â— Spirit of late and knew not how to mitigate it so that casting up the Sum he doubted it might come to his turn to pay the Reckoning These Thoughts so wrought upon the King that his Countenance fell suddenly that he mused much in Silence and that he entertained the Prince and Duke with mystical and broken Speeches this nettled them both and enquiring the Reason they could not go further than that they heard the Spanish Secretary and the Jesuit Maestro had been with the King and understood that some in the Ambassador's House had vaunted that they had nettled the Duke and that a Train would take fire shortly to blow up the Parliament In this Perplexity the King prepared to take Coach for Windsor to shift Ground for some better Rest in this Unrest and took Coach at St. James's Gate and the Prince with him and found a slight Errand to leave Buckingham behind as the King was putting his Foot into the Coach the Duke besought him with Tears in his Eyes and humble Prayer that his Majesty would let him know what could be laid to his Charge to offend so good and gracious a Master and vowed by the Name of his Saviour he would purge it or confess it The King did not satisfy him but breathed out his Disgust that he was the unhappiest alive to be forsaken of them that were dearest to him which was uttered and received with Tears from his own Eyes as well as the Prince's and Duke's and made haste to Windsor leaving the Duke behind this was upon Saturday at the end of April The Duke forlorn retires to Wallingford-House and was in such Confusion and Distraction that when my Lord Keeper who had notice of all these things and was more careful of the Duke than he could be of himself came to him he found the Duke lying upon his Couch in that immoveable Posture that he would neither rise up nor speak tho the Keeper invited him to it twice or thrice by courteous Questions The Keeper told him by the Faith of a deep Protestation that he came purposely to prevent more Harm and to bring him out of that Sorrow into the Light of the King's Favour That he verily believ'd God's directing Hand was in it to stir up his Grace to advance him to those Favours which he possessed to do him Service at this Pinch of Extremity