was to applie the same medicine which they desired viz. That his Majestie would bee pleased to grant to Toledo what their Commissioners had petitioned him in Parlament That his Eminence would command Ronquillo the Judg to rais his Siege before Segovia and return with his men in regard the Citie was much scandalized at his coming in such an hostile manner they having sent two Prelates with their submission and begging pardon of his Eminence that hee knew how all the chief Cities of the Kingdom beeing guiltie of the like Commotions every one would exspect the like punishment and out of that fear they would rather join all their Forces to succor Segovia then bee liable to anie such rigorous sentence that he should be very careful in that point for if the people once lost their respect hee would not bee able to correct them That for the present although there were tumults and Commotions everie where yet there was no publick War declared onely dissentions amongst the people But if they joined and assisted one another it would occasion great miserie and ruine to the Kingdom as it afterwards fell out These and som other instances the Gentleman pressed to the Cardinal who finding much reason and weight in them bad him come again to him the next daie in the Evening in the mean time hee would call a Council concerning those particulars The Gentleman punctually observing the time appointed the Cardinal told him that hee had consulted about that business but they were not all of his opinion so that there could bee nothing done but what was formerly commanded The Iurate beseeched him to bee very warie and well advised for som of his Council hee told him were men o're-swaied with passion and more wedded to their private interests then his Majestie 's service and that to his knowledg both Toledo and Madrid were raising men to send to reliev Segovia and if they went thither hee might easily see what mischief would ensue The Cardinal thereupon said hee would call a Council again about it SECT LI. TOledo and Madrid as beeing nearest fearing that if Segovia were subdued they should bee in danger chose Captains and raised men to send to succor it Toledo pitched upon Iohn de Padilla to whom they gave Commission to rais a thousand Foot and a hundred Light-horsmen whereof Hernando de Ayala was Captain with som pieces of Artillerie Madrid sent out four hundred Foot and fiftie Hors. The Toledians beeing joined with those of Madrid they marched together to a place called Espinar where John Bravo Captain of the Segovians came forth with his men to receiv them They made all together two thousand Foot and one hundred and fiftie Horse after some Conference they agreed all three to go to Santa Maria de Nieva where Ronquillo was quartered and do as much mischief as they could whil'st those of Salamanca and other places might join and come to the succor of Segovia But Ronquillo and his Captains persevering in their design although they went out into the field seeming to incounter the Enemie would not ingage in Battle but marched soberly and in good order another waie the Cardinal hearing of the setting forth and joining of these Captains determined to increas the strength of his own forces and make a formal Camp able to suppress and subdue the Contrarie Partie To this effect hee sent to Antonio de Fonseca Captain General of the Kingdom that vvith the King's standing forces and with all the rest hee could make of Foot and Hors hee should go help Ronquillo and of that Artillerie which was at Medina del Campo hee should take what hee thought fitting Moreover hee sent to command Râ—nquillo that by no means hee should give those Captains battle but should first join with Antonio de Fonseca for the better effecting thereof Fonseca's March could not bee kept so private but Valladolid where the Order was made perceived it Whereupon although they were cried up for their Loialtie they began to mutinie much more then before they had done which was no slight matter neither for they made private meetings every daie Yet notwithstanding the Commotions of Valladolid Antonio de Fonseca cunningly got out of the Citie and marched with all the Hors and Foot hee could rais to Arevalo where Ronquillo and the Captains that were with him met him with theirs and concluded of their journie to Medina Segovia having notice of their march and knowing their intention which was to bring Artillerie thence for their hurt and dammage immediately dispatched an Express to Medina with a Letter to this effect That by no means they should condescend to deliver the Artillerie to Fonseca notwithstanding the persuasions of the Bishop of Burgos his brother who had been long there solliciting and pressing them to it alleging how unjust a thing it were since Segovia sent their Clothes to inrich the Fairs of Medina that Medina should send Cannons to batter and beat down the walls of Segovia urging moreover that if they did so it would bee the utter ruine of Segovia and Medina would suffer likewise in their Fall And in the Close they desired Medina to hear and give full credit to their Messenger who should impart som things to them which they thought not fit to write SECT LII UPon receit of this Letter those of Medina resolved not to deliver the Artillerie Antonio de Fonseca with the best part of those men that were at Arevalo marched thence on Tuesdaâ—e morning the 21. of Angust towards Medina with intention to take the Artillerie away by force in case they refused to deliver it as already they had upon Ronquillo's demand They beeing advertised by the Letter from Segovia and other parts of these preparations against them put on a resolution to stand out and not deliver the Artillerie Antonio de Fonseca having friends within the Town besides the Corregidor himself Gutiere Quijada beeing well inclined to the deliverie thereof began first to treat fairely with them shewing them the Orders and Power hee had to that effect But the Towns-men replied that they kept the Artillerie for and in the name of the King and that they saw no reason they had to deliver it but rather to keep it in defence of their Town and people Yet to do his Majestie service they were willing to deliver some of it if need required upon condition that they themselvs might go with it and bring it back againe from this contention they grew to higher language thence to blows and planting their ordnance at everie street's end great multitudes of people presently flocked thither all in armes Antonio de Fonseca seeing this commanded his men to storm the Town the Towns-men killed some of his men with cannon shott and some of theirs were likewise killed defending the entrance of the Town Antonio de Fonseca thought to catch them with a wile not intending any such mischief as fell out
the Kingdom That the Parlament should bee adjourned and held in Castillia and not at Santjago nor in the Kingdom of Galicia That the Offices and Governments should not bee vendible That som good order should bee taken in the Inquisition which might tend to the service and glorie of God and that no bodie should bee molested That the grievances and wrongs of private Persons of the Kingdom should bee righted and repaired These were the principal heads of the demands Toledo then sent to his Majestie but the Commotions increasing gave them the boldness to add new matter to their Petition as you shall see hereafter SECT XI I Have declared already the combustions that were in Valladolid and the Emperor's determination to depart thence purposing to take his waie by Tordesillas to visit the Queen his mother Which beeing known and noised through the Citie moreover that hee would carrie his mother out of the Kingdom with him the Citizens and Common People were so much troubled at it that they vented divers as bitter exclamations as a furious passion could dictate to their disturbed mindes But the chief Burgesses Deputies and other Officers met in Consultation at the Monasterie of St Paul to take order for investing their Commissioners with a general Power to grant what the Emperor should demand in Parlament to petition his Majestieâ—om â—om things in their favor and to kiss his hand before his departure While they were thus assembled on Mondaie morning Don Pedro Lasso with his Companions arriveing the same daie at Valladolid and beeing alighted went to visit them But Alonso Ortiz his fellow Commissioner who resided in Court said in regard the Emperor was gon to Church to praie for his good journie to Tordesillas that hee thought it convenient for them to go first to the Palace for perchance his Majestie beeing informed of their arrival would vouchsafe to staie a little and give them Audience In this interim som Inhabitants of Valladolid beeing told of the Toledo-Commissioner's coming went to salute them desiring that they would indevor to procure som Remedie against those miseries and grievances under which the Kingdom then so much groaned Hereupon it was agreed amongst them that the Towns-men should presently put themselvs in a readiness to oppose and hinder the Emperor from going out of the Kingdom or depart that Citie in which attempt Don Pedro Lasso offered to venture his fortune with them if they would stand to him and that they should seiz upon Xeures and som Flemings of the chief of his Majestie 's Council and Bed-chamber binding first those Towns-men with a solemn oath not to desert him in that enterprize Beeing pricked with this over-dilligent itch of putting in execution the orders and Commands which their Citie had imposed upon them before they went to kiss the Emperor's hands which had been the right waie beeing accompanied with a gang of Common People and som Deputies of the Wards who by this time were come in to them they went directly to the Monasterie of St Paul to salute and communicate their design with the chief of the Citie there assembled To whom they made a speech signifying the Causses of their comming and what they intended to desire of his Majestie in behalf of their Citie justifying their demands and coloring them with the most specious pretences that could bee And indeed as at first their meaning was their affection and zeal to their Prince were such that their thoughts I believ differed nothing from their expressions until things were brought unto such a pass that there was no hopes of remedie and that those that had the power or the wisdom made a breach through their miseries as did Don Pedro Lasso and divers other gentlemen And at the last they desired that as they had written and offered to the Citie of Toledo they would send their Commissioners with them to make a Joint-demand of the same things which Salamanca and other Cities desired for a Petition beeing countenanced by so manie Cities would bee much more available Their speech beeing thus ended by the general consent of the Assemblie Don Hernando Enriquez brother to the Lord Admiral returned them this answer That as yet they were not fully determined what to do and for that caus they were there assembled That they would resolv upon that which should tend most to the King's service and the good of the Kingdom That they might do what they saw good The Commissioners of Toledo perceiving Valladolid otherwaies inclined then they exspected went forthwith to the Palace leaving them in consultation SECT XII THey came to the Emperor's Chamber of presence just as hee was risen from dinner With his Majestie were the Marquis of Villena the Earl of Venavente the Earl of Miranda the Duke of Alburquerque the Earl of Haro the Earl of Castro the Earl of Palma the Marquis of Brandenbourg the Archbishop of Santjago the Bishop of Palencia Monsieur de Xeures and Don Pedro Giron the Earl of Urenia's eldest son It hapned as those Commissioners came in Don Pedro Giron was talking with the King so loud that everie one might hear him Hee said that his Majestie might remember that beeing at Barcelona the first of March anno 1519 hee did him the honor to give him a writing under his hand wherein hee promissed that at his arrival in Castilla hee would command the Judges to examine and determine according to Law the right which hee pretended and claimed to the Estate of Medina Sidonia as the portion and inheritance of the Ladie Mencia de Gusman his wife Daughter to the Duke Don Iohn deceased and that his Majestie beeing since at Burgos hee had again refresh't his memorie by waie of Petition that hee had don the like there in Valladolid and yet his Majestie was upon his departure without giving anie order for the performance of that which hee had promised under his hand and hereupon hee fell into a vain of very presumptuous language such as savored of too much sauciness and audacitie Amongst other things hee said That since his Majestie did not do him Justice hee intended to right himself with his own hand and that for so great an injurie and without reason so publick and so known as his Majestie had made it to all the world by suffering him to bee so abused against Equitie or Justice and contrary to that which his Majestie did owe to his own Royal word hee having so punctually performed all the duties that could bee required of his Loialtie hee had now no more to saie or do but onely to let his Majestie understand That for fault of the remedie which hee did not give him and for the great injurie which hee now did him hee could and would make use of all those provisions which the Laws of the Kingdom of Spain did ordain in favor and for the redressing of oppressed and injured Gentlemen and to this effect it was sufficient to ask his Majestie 's permission
where the Parlament was held when hee met the Arch-Bishop and the Earl coming forth The Bishop perceiving the Earl of Villalva much incensed to pacifie his choller accosted him with very smooth and civil Language expressing much sorrow that his brother had so much forgotten himself Amongst other words that passed between the Bishop and the Earl Villalva chanced to let slip these You have a prettie fellow to your brother my Lord Bishop and withall hee swore that if they supported him hee would join with Don Pedro Lasso And in regard Don Pedro Lasso was so fixed to the interest of the Kingdom which was not very pleasing to Xeures and others that sate at the helm These words of the Earl's were presently carried to the Palace whereupon an Alcalde de Casa y Corte that is an officer in the nature of our Judges of oyer and terminer commanded the â—arl to quit the Court within one houre and not to return to it without his Majestie 's permission At the houre 's end hee went from Santjago to the Groyne where his hous and estate laie But soon after the Emperor going from Santjago to the Groyne readmitted him into his presence and favor SECT XVII IN this Occurrence som Grandees of the Kingdom which followed the Court accused Xeures highly to Emperor and bid him beware that the Fleming did not counsel him for his own ends Hereupon there passed som angrie expressions betwixt Xeures the Earl of Venavente and the Arch-Bishop of Santjago and they began to breed factions in the Court This Arch-Bishop and som others began to make private meetings and consult how they might provide themselvs with arms and men secretly The Emperor perceived it and if hee had not remedied it in time hee had found it troublesom enough The Earl of Venavente and others left the Court discontented The Emperor knew the sidings and dissentions that had been in Toledo and how they had refused to give a full power to their Commissioners Don Iohn de Silva and Aguirre which considered the Emperor and his Council were of opinion that it would not be amiss to send to som of the chief Officers that opposed it to come to Court and send others his Majestie 's servants to supplie their places for taking som out and supplying their places with others they might do whatsoever his Majestie commanded To that effect were presently dispatched Orders whereby Hernando de Avalos Iohn de Padilla Iohn Carrillo Gonzalo Gaytan Don Pedro de Ayala and Pedro de Herrera all Regidores and Officers of the Citie were commanded under great penalties everie man of them to make his personal appearance at the Court within such a time And Lope de Guzman Rodrigo Ninio and Martin de Ayala were commanded under the same penaltie to go to supplie their places at Toledo to the end that these beeing gon thither and the others com away the Citie might revoke the powers which they had given to Don Pedro Lasso and Don Alonso and give others to Don Iohn de Silva and Alonso de Aguirre These Orders beeing signified to the above-named they all excused themselvs onely Herrera who in obedience to his Majestie 's Commands went to the Court These weeds of dissention increased daie by daie in Toledo and the other Cities of Castilla and in the Court it self manie bitter words were buzzed up and down countenancing and approving these proceedings and the demands of Don Pedro Lasso and others as tending to the general good of the Kingdom SECT XVIII THe Messingers and Commissioners of Toledo and Salamanca with other associates made this Request to the Rest that in regard the Commissioners which Toledo was to send particularly for that Parlament were not yet com and those which were there from Salamanca were not admitted there should bee nothing granted or determined until those of the one and of the other Citie were present If otherwise they protested That it should not bee anie Prejudice to their Cities This beeing ingrossed verie fair they carriyd it to St Francisco where the Parlament sate taking a Notarie with them called Antonio Rodriguez who was afterwards Clerk of the Iunta And they demanded Audience But notwithstanding manie voted for them those of Toledo were refused and forbidden to enter in respect they were not Commissioners appointed for that Parlament Thereupon they made their Acts and Protests at the dore saying that the King's Commissioners could not assemble in Parlament without the Commissioners of Toledo that their non-appearance proceeded from their own particular negligence not anie fault of their Citie 's in regard they had their Powers delivered them that they beeing members of the said Citie did require them not to assemble in Parlament until those Commissioners of Toledo were arrived and against the contrarie they protested And whatsoever should be enacted in anie such Parlament without them they declared to bee void and of none effect and should bee no waies prejudicial to the Citie of Toledo nor the whole Kingdom Manie persons of note were witnesses to this Protest and it occasioned much scandal in the Court Don Pedro Lasso and his companion slighted his Majestie 's commands which were signified to them by the Secretarie Covos Which beeing told the Emperor hee gave immediate command to banish them that verie daie beeing Palm Sundaie and accordingly in the evening his Secretarie Francisco de los Covos and Iohn Ramirez Secretarie to the Council of Iustice went to the lodging of those Toledo-Commissioners and in the Emperor's name signified to each of them severally his Mâ—jestie's pleasure commanding Don Alonso de Suarez the next daie beeing mundaie to leav the Court and that within two moneths hee should go serv â—nd reside where that Companie of men laie whereof hee was Captain where hee should remain until further order from his Majestie under pain of forfeiting his goods and the said Captain's place Don Pedro Lasso was likewise commanded to absent from Court the same Mundaie and within fortie daies to go and reside in the Government of the Fort of Gibraltar which was his own inheritance and not to depart thence without the Emperor's leav under penaltie of forfeiting that Command and all the rest of his estate whatsoever The Iurates were also commanded to leav the Court immediately And there was order given in their lodgings that they should not entertein them anie longer They demanded Copies hereof but were refused so they went to Iohn Ramirez chamber and by much importunitie they obteined one but not signed The Toledians beeing extreamly troubled that they were banished the Court with so much rigor two hours within night Don Pedro and Don Alonso with the Iurate Ortiz went to the Palace Ortiz went in to Xeures and acquainted him thaâ— such gentlemen were come to speak with him Xeâ—res bad him speak to his servants to set up lights in his chamber and that they should stay there for him Xeures beeing come they spent above two
other rents in their own Countries Item in regard his Majestie had given away the Archbishoprick of Toledo before hee was received and sworn King in the Parlament at Valladolid That his Majestie may make a new presentation of the said Archbishoprick and confer it upon a Native and Inhabitant of the Kingdom of Castilla who may deserv it beeing a person of learning and conscience answerable a Divine or Civil Lawyer for the bestowing it on the Nephew of Monsieur de Xeures contrarie to the Laws of the Kingdom hath been and is very prejudicial to the Kingdom and the said Dignitie hee beeing under age and absent and although hee were a Native of the Kingdom it was not fit nor just to give it him That the Revenue of the said Dignitie was transported out of the kingdom wherewith if hee were a Native and resident in the said dignitie hee might entertain manie Nobles and Gentlemen in his hous as hath been the custom formerly And if his Maâ—estie would bee pleased to graâ—ifie the said Nephew of Monsieur de Xeures with som other lands in his own Countrie It might very well bee done Item that all Letters of Naturalization whatsoever that have formerly been given may bee revoked and never anie granted hereafter And if anie should bee granted although with derogatorie clauses and by an absolute power that they may bee respectively received but not fulfilled That there may bee no penaltie for the non-performance of anie such supplication and whosoever should bee strict therein may bee apprehended and severely punished by the Justices of the kingdom where hee was taken Item that the Judges Notaries and other Officers of the Ecclesiastical Courts may not have or demand more fees then those of the Secular Courts according to the â—tatutes of the kingdoms And if in anie case the Apostolical Autoritie bee requisite their Majesties may bee pleased to send to their Embâ—ssador to procure it from his Holiness and send it Item that the Archbishops Bâ—shops and Prelates of the kingdoms may reside in their own Diocess the greatest part of tâ—e year whereoâ— if they fail that they may lose proportionably a paâ—t of their fruits to bee emploied for the building or repairing of their Churches for by reason of their beeing absent the Divine Service is not performed as it ought to bee That his Maâ—estie send for a Bull to this effâ—ct from his Holiness within the space of one year And if his Majestie did not send for it within the said term that the kingdom might have power to demand it and take by his Autoritie out of the fruits of the said dignities as much as would diffraie the charges of the Journie and sollicitation to procure it Item forasmuch as his Holiness at his Majesties râ—quest had sent a Licence to the Archbishop of Granada purposing that whosoever should have his said power although secular persons might judg and give sentence in som cases against Priests in criminal matters That his Majestie would bee pleased to caus the said Licence to bee enrolled within six months and send a Copie thereof into these kingdom to excuse and avoid the scandals which arise thereby Concerning Regidores THat henceforwards their Majesties or their Successors never give or grant anie Licence to the Regidores Veyntiquatros Iurados and other Officers of the Council of Cities Towns or Villages of these kingdoms to live with or have anie dependance upon Noble-men That all Licences to this effect whatsoever granted in former times may bee revoked That the Laws of the Kingdoms may bee herein observed and executed That whosoever shall procure or make use of anie such Licence may bee deprived of his office And that their Majesties dispose thereof as beeing vacant but that hee or his children may never re-injoy it Item That the Regidores of the Cities and Towns of these Kingdoms who are Lawyers may not execute the office of Advocates nor plead in the said Cities or Towns but for them and their Commonalties Alienation of Goods or Lands from the Royal Crown THat his Majestie command effectually to restore the Towns Villages Forts Jurisdictions Revenues and all other Rights whatsoever to the Cities and Towns of his Royal Crown which they had formerly in their possession and which the most illustrious Queen Donia â—sabel our Ladie commanded in her will to bee restored And to the end this may bee effected and the wills of the Catholick King Don Fernando and his Queen Donia Isabel may bee fulfilled That executors may bee appointed with sufficient power to perform the same within six months without further delaie Item to the end this may remedied henceforwards That their Majesties or Successors for no reason or caus neither in paiment or satisfaction of services or anie other waies whatsoever may alienate anie thing from the Royal Crown or Patrimonie and in case anie alienation bee made that it may bee restored Concerning Forts and Alcaydias or Governments THat the Forts and Alcaydias of the strong holds of these Kingdoms may not bee given to anie forreiners but intrusted to the Natives and Inhabitants of these Kingdoms although they may produce letters of naturalization And that the same order bee observed herein as in the Dignities and Ecclesiastical preferments Item That his Majestie take away all command or governments whatsoever of Castles and Forts possessed by strangers or transferred by them for monie to anie natives of these Kingdoms Item that Antonio de Fonseca may bee dispossessed of the offices and command hee hath in these Kingdoms in regard of the great mischiefs and scandals which they suffer by his occasion Item that the Forts and Alcaydias may not bee given to anie Noble-men or persons of high birth and qualitie And that the Alcaydes or Commanders thereof may take the oath of fealtie to his Majestie and give securitie to the Cities and Towns where they are that by or from the said Forts they shall receiv no dammage or prejudice Item that his Majestie give order forthwith and every two years from this time forwards to visite and repair as occasion doth require the Forts and places of strength upon the frontiers of these Kingdoms Concerning Cloath THat the Cloath that is imported from other Countries may bee of the same size and goodness as those which are wrought in these Kingdoms according as it is ordered by the Statutes and Act of Parlament That the said Act may bee executed aswell upon forreign Clothes as those which are made in these Kingdoms That what deferring of the time of the Act or Licences soëver have been granted to sell and disperse them in these Kingdoms may bee revoked and declared void That hereafter no such Licences bee granted but in case there bee that they may not bee fulfilled And that without stopping or arresting them the Justices may proceed according to the Act under pain of losing their offices and paying one hundred thousand Maravediz towards the reparations and charitable uses of the Citie
eternal in the sixtie fourth year of his age having reigned and governed as King fourtie two years compleat Som saie it was the Dropsie that brought him to his end others report that his young Queen to quicken his Spirit and thaw the ice that contracted the blood in his aged veins gave him a certein provocative potion which instead of raising a part cast the whole bodie into the grave After his death arose manie differences amongst the Grandees concerning the Government Adriano Dean of Lovain and Tutor to Don Carles produced a Commission which the young Prince had given him to succeed Don Fernando in the Government until his coming into Spain this was opposed by Cardinal Ximenez who alleged that by virtue of his Catholick Majestie 's last Will and Testament hee was to bee Governor of the Kingdom until the Prince should com himself or give som special order to the contrarie that Adriano's Commission was dated long before Don Ferdinando's deceas therefore not valeable besides that hee was a foreigner which was sufficient reason to bar his pretensions But at last they agreed to govern both together until they received further order from Don Carles This joint-Government continued a great while during which time several Grandees of the Kingdom were much discontented and murmured that a Frier and a stranger in a manner of the same stamp should bee raised to such a height above them as to rule and command the whole Kingdom and them they alleged that Don Fernando had no power to substitute or appoint anie one to administer the Government of that kingdom in regard that since the Catholick Queen 's death hee was not King but onely Governor thereof himself and that considering Donnia Iuana would not undergo the trouble of the Crown according to the Laws of that â—and they agreed that the Duke del Infantado the Lord High-Counstable and the Earl of Venavente should examine the Cardinal by what autoritie and power hee took upon him to bee Governor of those kingdoms Whereunto hee boldly made them answer By the Power of his Catholick Majestie And they replying that the Catholick King had no autoritie â—o to do hee led them to a brest-work which hee had made about the hous where hee then lodged and shewed them a great rank of Artillerie commanding his servants to discharge them all which don hee told them this is the power by which I do and will govern Spain until the Prince our Lord com to take charge of it himself they were not very well satisfied with this answer neither did that manner of discours bode anie good to the Kingdom Notwithstanding the oppositions and murmurations of the Grandees and others in Castillia the Cardinal continued at the helm in despight of all until his Majestie 's coming into Spain which was anno 1517. At which time the Cardinal finding himself indisposed was retired into a Monasterie of his own Order at Aquilera whither his Majestie beeing received at Valladolid sent him a letter thanking him for his former services and requiring him to repair with those of the Council to Mojados where hee might consult with him concerning the present settling of his affairs after which hee should bee eased of the weightie burthen of that troublesom emploiment and have libertie to solace and retire himself This Letter was said to bee penned by the Bishop Mota who envious of the Cardinal's power and studying nothing more then which waie to eclips his greatness perswaded his Majestie to write to him in those terms which his Eminence having perused it struck him into a high distemper and the violent passion of his minde joined with the infirmitie of his bodie increased his fever in such manner that hee rendred his soul into the Creator's hands within eight daies after and was buried at Alcala de Henares in the College of St Illefonso whereof hee was Founder After whose death the Arch-Bishoprick of Toledo was given to Guillermo de Croüy Bishop of Cambray and nephew to Monsieur de Xeures his Majesties chief favorite which bred no small discontent amongst the Castillians seeing the principal Jewel of their kingdom bestowed upon a foreigner Yet the general report was that the Marquis of Villena with other Grandees of Castillia desired and earnestly importuned his Majestie so to do and that of himself hee had no such Intention neither did Monsieur de Xeures ever mention it And it is not to bee thought that those Noblemen tooke pleasure in seeing anie stranger advanced above them in their own Countrie But they were induced hereunto out of hopes to ingratiate themselvs thereby to the Flemings and chiefly to Xeures who had the King's ear above anie at that time Such is the force and power of over-swaying Ambition which so bastardiseth and adulterate's the hearts even of Noble-men that they will descend or stoop to anie thing to currie favor with a Prince's Minion Don Carles at that time could not reckon above seventeen years and a half at most from his Nativitie which was a verie tender age to undergo so weightie a charge as was that of ruling so manie and so considerable Countries especially those of Spain where according to their Laws and Customs it never had been seen that a Youth so young and one that had been born and bred in foreign parts should sit in their King's Throne Hee understood no Spanish neither was hee acquainted with the inclinations and dispositions of the people therefore although hee was verie ingenuous and of as excellent and sweet a nature as could bee desired in a truly Christian Prince hee could do no less then suffer himself to bee advised and guided by som of more mature years and experience And having been bred and tutored from his infancie by Guillermo de Croüy Lord of Xeures who was Duke of Sora in the kingdom of Naples and afterwards Duke of Arschot in Brabant a man of ripe age solid Judgment and eminent parts answerable to his birth beeing descended of the illustrious stock of the Kings of Hungarie and recommended to bee his Governor by his Grandfather Maximilian the Emperor hee committed himself with the management of all State-affairs wholly to his wisdom and Xeures in matters concerning Spain beeing a stranger to that Countrie was led by Maestro Mota a Native of Burgos Bishop of Badajos and som other Castillians who were more ambitious then virtuous SECT VI. AFter the reception of the Prince Don Carles in Valladolid which was most splendid and magnificent all the Procuradores del Reyno or the Commissioners of the Kingdom were summoned to assemble in Parlament wherein the Castillians were highly distasted becaus the Lord Chancellor a Fleming assisted as President for his Highness and that other strangers were admitted to sit in Parlament Som of the Commissioners took the oath of Allegeance to his Highness as King others refused to acknowledg him to bee their King as long as
thing from the Roial Crown and if anie should desire Iustice of him for their grievances that hee would give order to have it don them Hee answered That hee would do therein according to his Oath and would redress all those that came to complain 6. That whatsoêver the Catholick King and Don Philip his father had given away by waie of Dowrie or Legacie hee would command to bee fulfilled for the repose and discharging of their consciences Hee answered That hee would provided that it might bee don without prejudice to the Roial Patrimonie Sixtie seven more Articles they propounded which becaus they are more at large specified hereafter I shall forbear to trouble the Reader with them in this place His Majestie gave so gracious an answer to them all thanking the Comâ—issioners in a very courteous manner that they remained very well apayed and satisfied The Subsidie which they granted him in this first Parlament according to Fray Antonio de Guevara's relation was one hundred and fiftie millions of Marauediz Aâ—d Pero-Mexia saith it was six hundred thousand Duâ—kets tâ— bee raised the three first years The Parlament beeing ended there was celebrated a Iust or Turnamâ—nt Royal in the chief market place of Valladolid five and twentie against five and twentie Som Spaniards and som Flemish Noblemen who strove to out-view each other aswell in the ricâ—neâ—s of their habits and livâ—ries as in feats of arms Seven of them were killed and som hurt therefore it was commonly said That for a Combat in earnest the loss was not great but for a jest it was too much After this solemnitie which â—ontinued certain daies the King having visited his moâ—her Donnia Iuana and the Queen Germana leaving all things in good order in Castillia departed â—ith his Court for Aragon taking his sister Donnia Leonor and the Queen Germana with him Hee made the town of Aranda in his waie whither his brother the Infante Don Fernando was returned with small contentment becaus they made such haste to pack him out of Spain There the King remained som few daies during which time the Infante was dispatched for Flandâ—rs as was before determined for the Kiâ—g â—ot beeing yet arrived in Castillia som men of note about the Inâ—ante's person put thoughts into his head of succeeding his grandfather in the Crown and it was greatly to bee feaâ—ed that the Casâ—illians wâ—uld have declared for him to the prejudice of Don Carles hee beeing of their Countrie and his brother a Fleming besides his name Fernando was enough to gain him the affection and hearts of all Spain for his Grandfatâ—ers sake whose memorie was held in great honor and adoration amongst them But God disposed it otherwise for the good and quiet of those Kingdoms Don Fernando beeing fitted with attendants and all necessaries for his voiage the King continued his progress into Aragon hee was received in Saragosa with very great solemnitie and joie the 15 of Maie 1518. The Castillians expressed much discontent at the departure of the Infante Don Fernando and began to murmur every where they beeing of opinion that hee ought not to bee sent out of the Kingdom until his brother were married and had children They were likewise distasted and the Aragoneses also at the present Government for they could not endure that strangers should bear so great swaie in their Countrie that all businesses must pass through the hands of Xeures and his friends who had the name of beeing over-greedie and covetous the same brand was laied upon the rest of the Flemings that attended his Majestie But that was no wonder for all Prince's Favorites bee they never so just and well deserving are generally envied and abhorred by most people They said moreover that the King was wilful untractable disdainful and gave small testimonies of affection to the Spanish Nation with divers other such like discontented speeches which are mentioned more at large hereafter But to saie the truth the King was no waie to bee blamed for hee was so young that of necessitie hee must suffer himself to bee directed by those who had bred him up from his infancie Time made the Spaniards plainly see when hee came to riper years that hee loved respected and esteemed them above all other Nations which appeared by his placing them in offices of the greatest Honor and Trust not onely in Spain but in Italie Flanders and Germanie SECT VII THe King having been som daies at Saragosa the Parlament began which continued so long that hee was forc'd to remain there eight moneths there the grand Chancellor dyed not much lamented by the Spaniards who abhorred the verie memorie of him and hee cared more for his gold then for their favor or displeasure This Monsieur de Laxao left a very bad name behinde him in his place by his Majestie 's command succeeded Mercurino de Gatinara a man of singular wisdom and learning a friend to Iustice and Equitie and a great Iurisconsult The Grandees of the Kingdom of Aragon beeing assembled in the Arch-Bishop's Palace who was unckle to the King they desired him to let them understand his pleasure for they were very willing and desirous to serv him as they had don his Predecessors but conditionally that they might enjoie the antient Customs and Privileges of the Kingdom the King answered they should But considering the indisposition of the Queen his mother hee willed and required them to acknowlegd him their King as those of Castillia had don Whereunto the Iurados or Iurates in the name of the kingdom replied they would though it was against the Laws his mother beeing yet living So that his Highness would bee pleased to swear the Infante Don Fernando Prince of Spain the same daie as they should swear him King not that the Infante should remain Prince and heir to the Crown but onely until such time as hee should bee married and God should bless him with som hopeful issue to succeed him whereunto if his Highness would not consent they would swear him Executor and Administrator of the Queen his mother's estate and if hee would not condescend to this they told him in plain terms that they had no leav nor power to do otherwise and although they had they would not put it in execution for that would much prejudice and damnifie their exemptions The King was much displeased at their peremptoriness and answered them not one syllable the Grandees of Castillia beeing present grew out of patience at the Aragoneses sawciness and the Earl of Venavente told the King openly that if his Majestie would take his Counsel hee should make them com under the yoke that hee would venter his life and fortune to serv him in that design that his Majestie 's onely waie was to rais a powerful Armie and subdue that Kingdom by force of Arms and so hee might impose upon them what Laws hee pleased not such as they desired and fancied At which words
the Earl of Aranda answered the Earl of Venavente in such harsh and bitter tearms that all the Palace and the Grandees of the Court were com almost to daggers drawing So that the King had much to do to pacifie them commanding everie one of them to repair to their own houses and not to stir abroad upon pain of death But his Commands were not fully obeied that time for night beeing com divers of both parties met in the streets and manie of them were sore wounded and questionless the dispute had been more bloudie if the Arch-Bishop had not left his supper and com out with other Noblemen to part them The next daie the King made the Earls of Venavente and Aranda friends which don the Aragoneses were brought to reason and beeing willing to conform themselvs with the Castillians they took the same Oath and acknowleged the King to bee their King and Lord jointly with Donnia Iuana the Queen his mother as had been don in Castillia SECT VIII IN the beginning of the year 1519 the Parlament of Aragon beeing ended the King went to visite his Dominions of Barcelona and would have don the like in the Kingdom of Valencia if his occasions had permitted Beeing at Barcelona news was brought him that Maximilian the â—mperor his Grandfather died at Belsis the 12th of Januarie 1519 whereat hee was not a little troubled all the Court was forthwith put into mourning and his Obsequies celebrated with very great solemnitie according to the honor and greatness of his person who was one of the most virtuous and wel-deserving Emperors that ever had command in Germanie hee was of a most noble and generous disposition pious and valiant The ten first years of his age hee could make no use at all of his tongue insomuch that the Emperor Frederick his father thought hee would bee dumb or a fool But coming to mature years hee gave great evidences of very rich endowments of his soul. Hee died of a Flux in the sixtie third year of his age having governed the Empire twentie five years after his Father 's deceas Francis the First of France stood in competition with Don Carles for the succession to the Imperial Crown and left no waie unattempted to corrupt the Elâ—ctors and make them of his partie But the major part after manie long and serious debates thinking it more fit to continue that Dignitie to the Hous of Austria who were Natives of that Countrie then to transfer it upon a strange Prince made the election in favor of Don Carles King of Spain to the great contentment of all Princes and people of Germamie The Electors of the sacred Empire at that time were Alberto Archbishop of Maguncia or Mâ—ntz Hertnao Archbishop of Colonia Ricardo Archbishop of Trâ—ues Frederico Duke of Saxonia Lewis King of Bohemia and Hungaria Ioachim Marquis of Brandeburg Lewis Count Palatine of the Rhyne The Election beeing past in Franckfort and published all over Germanie the Electors sent Frederick Duke of Baviers into Spain to his Majestie in mean time they ordered all matters concerning the Empire and made Casimire of Brandeburg Captain General of the Imperial forces until the new Emperor should com to receiv his Crown Whilst these things passed in Germanie the King celebrated in Barcelona the feast of the Order of the golden Fleece there the Lord high Counstable of Castillia Don Innigo de Velasco Don Iadrique de Toledo Duke of Alva Don Alvaro de Zunniga Duke of Vejar Don Fadrique Enriquez Lord Admiral of Castilla Don Estavan Alvarez Cesorio Marquis of Astorga received the Order But the Earl of Venavente refused it saying that hee was a right Castillian and cared not for anie badges of foreign honor those of his own Countâ—ie beeing as good and in his opinion far better The Duke of Cordona in the Kingdom of Aâ—agon and the Prince of Bisâ—â—gnano a Neapolitâ—ne stood not upon those nice tearms but accepted the Order as a particular favor from his Majestie About the same time the Queen Germana finding more contentment in the Companie of a Husband then in the solitarie condition of a widow was married with great solemnitie to the Marquis of Brandeburg brother to the Elector who though of a very illustrious extraction was so incomparably inferior to the Majestie and greatness of her former husband Don Fernando that her judgment was much censured for her chois and the Courtiers thought so slightly of her that divers would not give her the style of Highness until his Majestie commanded it who assisted personally at the solemnitie thinking thereby to endeer thâ— Elector of Brandenburg the more to vote in his behalf At the beginning of Julie in the same year arrived at Barcelona Frederick Duke of Baviers brother to Lewis Duke of Baviers Elector and Count Palatine with the dispatches from the Electors and having delivered his embassage the Chancellor Mercurino de Gatinara answered that his Majestie did receiv very willingly the â—lection of the Empire which the seven Princes Electors had conferred upon him that hee would take that weightie and honorable care upon himself out of the great affection which hee bore his native Countrie and that hee would endeavor with all convenient speed to settle his affairs in Spain and make a voiage into Germanie Thus the Empire beeing setled upon Don Carles of Spain and the King of France deprived of all his hopes notwithstanding the vast summs of monie and presents wherewith hee thought to purchase the Elector's Votes his envie and choler grew beyond the bounds of moderation and hee resolved forthwith to act what mischief hee could and interess the power of all other Princes his Allies against the Emperor Elect. SECT IX WHilest the King or Emperor Elect was at Barcelona hee demanded the Catalanes to receiv and acknowledg him their King which they refused for a while neither would they consent that hee should call anie Parlamemt in their Countrie but at last they were perswaded to reason and swore Alleageance to him as Castillia and Aragon had don The Emperor upon notice of his Election and solicitation of the Princes of Germanie for his going hither had not the leisure to visit the Kingdom of Valencia as hee intended therefore hee desired that those of that Kingdom would swear and acknowledg him King without obliging him to bee personally present in regard it was imposslble for him to perform that journie at that time by reason of his new and unexspected occasions which called him another waie But they would not hearken to anie such motion and scornfully made answer that they were as good as Aragoneses or Catalanes and since hee had spent two years time in those Countries why could not hee staie two moneths at Valencia The Emperor beeing readie to depart from Barcelona sent Cardinal Adriano to Valencia to pacifie that Kingdom and gave Commission to the Infante Don Enrique and the Arch-Bishop of
Saragosa both his Unckles to call a Parlament in his name ordering that the monie which should bee granted him therein by waie of Subsedie should bee all distributed amongst the aggrieved and needie of the Kingdom Don Alonsa de Cordona Admiral of Aragon and the Duke of Gandia with several other persons of account gave their Votes to acknowledg and swear his Majestie their King But the rest told the Cardinal Adriano and wrote besides to the Emperor that they would lose their wives Children and Estates rather then the Liberties and Privileges of their Countrie whereat the Cardinal much displeased returned to Court leaving the Citie of Valencia in great distraction the out-rages and disorders whereof shall bee hereafter more at large related SECT X. IT was agreed and his Majestie toke Oath in the Parlament at Valladolid That no Offices should bee given to strangers nor the kingdom surcharged with new Impositions but should continue in the same manner as was ordered by the Catholick King at a Parlament which hee called in Burgos Yet there was nothing less observed or wors kept then these Articles for the treasure of the kingdom was publickly exhausted and Offices were daily given to the Flemings who sold them to those that would give most monie and likewise divers spiritual livings were so bestowed which the Castillians seeing and taking notice how small account was made of the Grandees and Nobles Natives of that Countrie they began to bee distasted and muttered out manie things in a discontented manner which ought not to bee rehearsed These murmurings began from the time of his Majestie 's departure from Valladolid to Aragon which was in March 1518. And beeing in Barcelona som troubles arose about Segovia and Avila by reason of certain persons that had farmed the Customs and Roial Revenues which enhaunced the charges of the Countrie whereat those Cities much aggrieved the contrarie having been promised by the Emperor Elect in Parlament They acquainted the Citie of Toledo with their grievances and desired that all the Cities of the kingdom should make a joint-complaint thereof to his Majestie and appoint their Commissioners to importune him for a redress desiring him to stand to the Ordinances of Parlament made in Valladolid and to grant what hee then refused moreover that hee would visit the whole Kingdom before his departure into Germanie Whereunto the Lord Chancellor in his Majestie 's name made answer That hee would very speedily send an Express to give the Citie of Toledo thanks for their expressions of fidelitie to him and satisfie them more fully But the Empire beeing without Head hee could not defer his going thither to receiv the Crown and settle the Government which don hee would make all convenient haste back again into that Kingdom of Castillia whose good hee tendered in a very particular manner The Commissioners beeing answered the Chapter of Toledo as beeing the Chief of the Kingdom presented their grievances to his Majestie concerning the Tenth which the Pope had granted to him through all the Churches of the Kingdom complaining that it was a new heavie and intolerable tax and not onely grievous to the Ecclesiasticks but prejudicial to all his kingdoms That in former times when the said Kingdoms were over-run by Moors and Infidels although there were manie and bloudie wars which continued until the blessed reigns of the Catholick King Don Fernando and Donnia Isabel of glorious memorie his Grâ—ndfather and Grandmother who conquered the Kingdom of Granada and extirpated the Moorish race which wars were very necessarie and of extraordinarie expence yet there were no Tenths raised nor demanded It beeing an unheard of thing and a request as unjust as insupportable much less reason had his Majestie to require anie such thing of the Clergie his case beeing far different and his wars nothing so important That hee should rather encourage the Clergie to praie for his good success then diminish anie thing from their subsistence Praiers beeing of more avail then anie Martial Discipline as appears by the holie Scriptures wherein it is read that the victorie is more certainly obteined by the praiers of devout Priests then by the force of Horsmen and Arms. But if his Majestie 's temporal Revenue was not sufficient to maintein a just war in such case hee might demand assistance of the Church-men as far forth as the present necessitie did require wherein they would willingly supplie his Majestie making Levies amongst themselvs and rather abate their own subsistence then suffer him to bee disfurnished which they should not bee able to do if his Majestie in the verie beginning would exact a Tenth from them Divers other reasons they alleged in their Petition to his Majestie whereunto there was no time to give answer SECT XI MEan time the Emperor Maxmilian beeing dead and Charls the Fift beeing long before hee went thither to to take possession the People of Austria having lost all fear and respect of autoritie fell into the greatest disorder and mutinie that had been within compass of the memorie of man turning out and discarding all antient Officers of Justice and constituting others of their own combination the like they did with Ecclesiastical benefices The Loial Partie which was the fewer in number durst not open their mouths fearing the furie of the seditious vulgar who had possessed themselvs of all the Arch-Duke's Revenues and were grown to such a height of arrogancie that they sent to the Emperor beeing at Barcelona to ratifie and confirm what they had don for the publick Weal and good Government as they termed it of that Countrie and to allow the new Officers of Iustice whom they had constituted But the Emperor returned them such an answer as made them understand that hee knew himself to bee Arch-Duke of Austria and not they These distractions and perturbations continued in that Countrie almost two years after which his Majestie returning into Germanie pacified all those dissentions and factious spirits setled the Government and received the Imperial Crown as shall bee expressed hereafter Finis Libri Primi THE SECOND BOOK SECT I. IN this and the following Books I am to relate the the Insurrections or rising of the People commonly called Communidades or Communalties which continued in Spain from the year 1519 to 1522. A Subject truly very sad and unpleasant and which I would willingly pass under silence becaus som Illustrious Families Noble Cities and principal Towns of the Kingdom were interessed therein which never had been disobedient to their Kings but alwaies esteemed for their loialtie Neither do I conceiv that they thought anie waie to disserv his Majestie but rather to releas him out of that oppression as I may term it in which his Favorites held him And it is manifest in that they so earnestly importuned and petitioned that their King would not go out of the Kingdom that they desired and delighted to see and enjoie his Roial presence which was no sign that they intended to
of pardon And that the things which they had done had been the occasion of disaffecting and disquieting the mindes of other Commissioners and of the whole Kingdom by reason of the precedence and Autoritie which Toledo had amongst all the Cities of Castilla which they should do well to consider and seriously to reflect upon After this they went to the President of his Majestie 's Council who was the Arch-Bishop of Granada as the Emperor had commanded them The President told them that what hee had to give them for answer was that his Majestie was going to hold a Parlament in the Citie of Santjago where all the Commissioners of the Kingdom were to assemble That Toledo should send theirs thither with a memorial of the things they desired which beeing perused and examined The Emperor would give such Orders as should bee most expedient for his service and the general good of his Kingdoms and Subjects moreover hee willed them to desist from medling anie further in those matters but to return and deal with their Citie to send their Commissioners as the other Cities of the Kingdom did and not to affect such innovations as they had begun Whereunto they made answer that indeed they were not imploied by the Kingdom but they desired however that those things might bee granted for the good of the Kingdom And refusing to follow his advice but rather thinking it a point of honor to persist in what they had begun they followed the Emperor to Santjago SECT XV. THe Emperor passing through Leon Astorga and Villa Franca del Vierso was in everie place petitioned that hee would bee pleased to keep the Parlament in Castilla but they availed nothing And these Commissioners of Toledo beeing arrived at Santjago sollicited very hard the Commissioners of the other Cities that were likewise com thither indeavoring to draw them to their opinion pressing them to stand upon the same tearms Toledo did as their Cities had offered Those from Salamanca did the like shewing themselvs much of the Toledo faction The Emperor would by no persuasions bee brought to hold the Parlament in Castilla but neer the Sea-side becaus Xeures would have it so and the Fleming desired it the rather out of fear that the People would murther him for hee knew how ill hee was beloved amongst them and hee perceived that if there were anie tumult or uproar they would begin with him Besides seeing himself verie rich hee desired exceedingly to bee out of Spain and that if there should fall out anie mutinie or disorder in Parlament beeing near the Sea-side hee could with more facilitie secure his person and goods As for the Emperor 's own particular it concerned him no more to call a Parlament at Santjago then at Valladolid or Burgos or anie other Citie of Castilla At last beeing arrived at Santjago at the end of March with manie Grandees and Nobles of Spain the Parlament began on Mundaie the first of April following anno 1520 whereof was President Don Hernando de Vega Commendador Mayor de Castilla Father to Don Iohn de Vega who was Vice-King of Sicilia a person of great note Don Garcia de Padilla and Zapata were his Assistants The Emperor sitting the first daie himself in Parlament commanded that the Propositions should be made in his own hearing which declared the just and great occasions that pressed him to undertake the Journie hee was then upon the extraordinarie exspences it did require and the vast charges hee had been at in coming into that Kingdom besides the great Armies hee had raised and maintained against the Infidels and the charges of sending the Infante Don Fernando his brother out of that Countrie desiring them that they would assist him with the accustomed Subsidies and that in his absence they would keep the Peace and fidelitie as from such loial and good Subjects might bee exspected Although som Commissioners would have opposed the granting him anie such Subsidie they did not however discover their intention that daie onely the forenamed of Salamanca who openly refused the solemnitie of the ordinarie Oath unless his Maiestie would first grant them the things which they desired Which beeing condemned for a great unmannerliness and disrespect they were forbidden to come anie more into the hous Then Don Pedro Lasso said that hee had brought a memorial and instructions from the Citie of Toledo what hee was to do and grant in Parlament and that his Majestie might see them that hee could not go beyond his Commission but would perform and execute it in that manner as should be most agreeable to his Majestie otherwise hee would rather choose to bee cut in pieces or have his head cut off then to give his consent to a thing so prejudicial to his Citie and the whole Kingdom This answer was back't by the Commissioners of Sevilla Cordova Salamanca Toro Zamora and Sancho Zimbron Commissioner of Avila from which they could not bee drawn Whereupon the Parlament was adjourned for three or four daies there beeing amongst them such jealousies and fears as usually proceed from discontented mindes SECT XVI THe Kingdom of Galicia was much distasted at this Parlament becaus they had no Commissioner allowed and that Zamora spake for them notwithstanding Galicia was one of the greatest and most ancient Kingdoms of Spain and the source of the greatest Nobilitie The Arch-Bishop of of Santjago Don Alonso de Fonseca who was afterwards Arch-Bishop of Toledo the Earl of Venavente and the Earl of Villalva Don Hernando de Andrada went all together to St Francisco where the Parlament was kept and having obtained entrance they thus spake to the high Chancellor who was President and the Commissioners there present It is not unknown that Galicia is a distinct Kingdom from Castilla that in former times they had their Votes in the Parlaments held in Castilla and that from a certain time only they were subject to the Votes of the Citie of Zamora which was of the Kingdom of Castilla and Leon which was a great grievance and prejudice to them therefore they did desire out of favor of the Commissioners there present and if need were they would require them that they would admit of the Commissioners which that Kingdom of Galicia should nominate who should bee ready to obey whatsoever his Majestie should command them And in so doing they would oblige them very much but in case they were refused they protested that they would not stand to anie thing that the Commissioners of Zamora should denie or grant and of that they desired witness Hence grew som hurlie-burlie and tumult in the Parlament For one Garci Ruyz de la Mota Bishop Mota's brother who was Commissioner for Burgos took upon him to answer and thwarted the Earl of Villalva with language that was much displeasing This was forthwith noised in the Court whereupon the Emperor sent presently the Bishop Mota to qualifie the matter Hee was hardly at the gate of the Cloister
hours together and the result of their conference was That it seemed they took it verie ill to bee thus forbidden the Court therefore it was agreed that in testimonie of their obedience they should go onely four or five leagues from Santjago and should leav som bodie in their steads to put him in minde to sollicite the Emperor to revoke their banishment The next daie beeing Tuesdaie in the morning they went away lâ—aving Alonso de Ortiz onely to sollicite Xeures and to put him in minde of what was agreed betwixt them and to tell him that Don Pedro Lasso and Don Alonso Suarez were gon to Padron four leagues from Santjago in obedience to his Majestie 's Commands Alonso de Ortiz returned to the Palace and meeting Covos hee desired him to help him to the speech of Xeures Xeures beeing com forth Ortiz beseeched him to perform what hee had promised to those gentlemen Xeures told him that hee had moved it alreadie to the Emperor but could not prevail And that for ought hee saw there was no remedie but that they must obeie the extremitie of his Commands Ortiz replied that they should have a care what they did therein and that it would not redound to the Emperor's service not so much becaus those Commissioners were of the chief gentrie of the Kingdom as that they were deputed and sent by the Citie of Toledo who must take upon their accompt what trouble or injurie soever they suffered in regard they had done nothing beyond or contrarie to that which their Citie had encharged them for the good of the Kingdom Xeures answereâ— that they had not shewn the respect which they oweâ— to their King and for that they deserved the punishmenâ— which hee had inflicted upon them and much more Ortiz replied That since hee had the greatest privacie and freedom with his Majestie hee was the more obliged to see to this matter and to consider with attention that the whole Kingdom knew that Toledo had sent those gentlemen to treat of that which concerned them all and that seeing them thus banished the Court they would not think it was for anie disrespect to his Majestie for if any such thing were they deserved double punishment but that they were turned out of the Court that they might not solicite the Kingdom 's good and thereupon they would bee all scandalized and such mischiefs would insue as they would not bee able to remedy when they listed Whereto Xeures very formally thus replied what lightness is this of Toledo what lightness I say is the King no King why doth no body think of putting Kings in and out at their pleasure Alonso Ortiz answered again that hee wondred hee should speak so much against Toledo it beeing of such consequence that it was reputed the best and most considerable Citie of the Kingdom and had the greatest priveleges and immunities which the natives did enjoie for the notable services they had don to the deceased Kings Therefore it could not bee thought that Toledo treated or intended anie thing but what might suit with his Majestie 's service Moreover if hee pleased to look upon what gentlemen had gon into Flanders to serv his Majestie against King Fernando's will venturing there not onely their own lives and fortunes but their friend's and Kindred's also hee would finde that the most of them were of Toledo And that those of that Citie were the cheif means of paying the subsidies to King Phillip And since that Citie produced such gallant men hee ought not to beleiv that It 's intention ever was other then to do his Majestie service The Secretary Francisco de los Covos heard all this discours These and divers other means the Toledian Commissioners used by favor of som great one 's about the Emperor to obtain a revocation of their banishment but nothing would do for Xeures and other Castilians of the privie Council opposed it Don Alonso Suarez prudently considering that their business was foyled and in danger of beeing utterly lost performed what hee was commanded and never after put himself into those troubles neither did hee meddle during all the commotions of Castilla whereby hee lost nothing Don Pedro Lasso did the like though late not understanding sooner that hee disserved the King Thus ended the Embassage of Toledo which was so boldly and couragiously performed by these gentlemen Before the Emperor departed from Santjago hee installed Knight of the Order the Earl of Santisteuan the Marquess of Villena's son The ceremony was celebrated with great solâ—mnity at the great Altar in Santjago's Church SECT XIX ON Tuesday in the Holie week before Easter a Post came from Toledo with an express to recall their Commissioners This Post was dispatch't before there was any notice of their beeing banished from Court Hee brought letters to his Majestie som from the Assemblie of the Citie others from the Chapter of their Cathedral Church and from the Monasteries and Fryeries humbly begging therein a favorable treatment of their Commissioners not as yet knowing what had passed Moreover they mentioned how Don Antonio de Cordoua the Earl of Cabra's brother their Governor then beeing at Toledo had produced certain orders from his Majestie to Iohn de Padilla Hernando de Avalos and Gonsalo Gaytan whereby they were commanded to make their personal appearance at Court within a certain time under penaltie for default The reason that Toledo gave why these gentlemen did not obey was that they were emploied about som affairs concerning the publick good and that their absence would bee prejudicial to the whole Citie And therefore they beseeched that his Majestie would suspend his command for the present The gentlemen that stayed at Padron sent this dispatch with the instructions they had from Toledo to Alonso Ortiz who remained at Court Hee presently went to the Monasterie of San Salvador half a league from the Citie where the Emperor had retired himself for the Holie week and desired to enter to deliver the letters to his Majestie but hee found no admittance Meeting Secretarie Covos hee acquainted him with his business and told him that hee had letters to deliver to the Emperor from Toledo Covos told Xeures this who forthwith sent for Ortiz and bad him give him the letters But Ortiz desired to bee excused for hee had order to deliver them into the Emperorâ—s own hands and to none els Xeures told him that the Emperor having received the Sacrament that morning was yet at his devotion and hee could not speak with him Then they fell to discours again about those gentlemen's banishment and grew so hot at it that Xeures went away distasted and Ortiz remained with small satisfaction A little after Covos came and told Ortiz that Xeures called him Ortiz went and Xeures told him that resolvedly hee could say nothing as touching their banishment so without any more words hee went into another room Ortiz stayed behinde with Don Garcia de Padilla who blaming exceedingly the
proceedings of Toledo said if his counsel might bee taken the Emperor should go thither it would bee but ten daies work and inflict som exemplary punishment upon them that were occasion of those troubles whereby the rest might bee deterred and quieted I wish to God hee would said Ortiz for then his Majestie would see the great damages they suffered and give order for som redress So they parted and Ortiz went that night to speak with the Lord Chancellor for hee saw there was no possibilitie of delivering his letters to the Emperor nor of speaking with him The Chancellor and Ortiz spent a great part of the night without concluding anie thing to the purpose The Emperor remained at Santjago untill the thursday in Easter week and then departed for the Groyn where hee made his entrance on Saturday following Thither repaired also the Parlament-men and Commissioners to conclude all their businesses There were produced the testimonies supplications and Acts which the Regidores and Council of Toledo had made concerning the commanding them to appear at the Court and the Power which the Citie sent to Alonso Ortiz charging him to do all the diligences therein expedient which hee did and presented himself to the Secretary Ramirez And moreover were delivered the second Orders for their appearance with greater penalties which had bin sent to Toledo and notified to the gentlemen there SECT XX. BY this time Toledo had notice of their Commissioner's banishment and of the ill success of their affairs in Court which added to the distaste those Orders had bred in them so exasperated their mindes that their passions grew beyond the bounds of moderation Som were seazed with fear others with vaporing speeches carried it very high and set themselvs to excite the People against the Iudges and those that shewed themselvs desirous to advance their Prince's service possessing them that this was for the publick good and that it was their interests and profit that then was in agitation especially Hernando de Avalos Iohn de Padilla and som others of their faction It is true at the beginning of these disorders Iohn de Padilla was the onely Bouttefeu Hernando de Avalos and other gentlemen were his Abettors and Promoters who added fewel to the fire beeing persons of mature age and experience and had acquired the repute of wise men amongst the Common people Iohn de Padilla's fault was that hee was young not above thirtie years of age and not verie readie witted either but good natured and easie to bee perswaded to any thing they would put him upon and hee wanted no instigation from these gentlemen and his wife Donia Maria Pacheco who was one of the Kingdome 's firebrands They possessed the vulgar with a thousand follies and lies intermingled with som trueths That the Emperor deserted the Kingdome that hee left Strangers to govern that his favorites and Officers had robb'd the Kingdom leaving the Countrie lean poor and dismantled of all it's fruits and wealth These things they caused to bee published in the Pulpits And to the end they might the better communicate their passion and give everie one a dose of this infectious drug they advised to assemble the people In that Citie there is a great Congregation or fraternitie called the fraternitie of Charitie which used every year to make a Solemn Procession upon this occasion there was one ordained to go from St Iusta's Church to the Cathedral Som especially Don Hernando de Silva Antonio Alvarez de Toledo and others of their opinion knowing to what end this Solemnitie was ordayned highlie opposed it saying that it was prejudicial to the King and that it was onely a plot and cunning trick of those that were disaffected and Don Hernando required the chief of the Congregation not to make anie such tumultuous meetings under color of devotion to disturb the People to the King's prejudice and dishonor of justice for if they did hee with his friends and servants would hinder it They valued not these words but rejoiced that Don Hernando de Silva did appear in the business for that would open them the way as they desired to augment the distemper of the People and enkindle their indignation And it fell out so for the People resenting and condemning highly Don Hernando's request looked on him as an enimie of the Countrie and as one that did not onely contradict and hinder the good of the common people But also the most sacred practices of devotion To bee short they did go in Procession and in the Letanie they praied that God would enlighten the understanding and direct the Heart of the Emperor well and piously to rule and govern those Kingdoms Don Hernando did not execute his Intention beeing advertised to the contrarie by the Governor to avoid further scandal In the Procession there were som things done more then needed in scorn and derision of those that did not follow that opinion and much murmuring against them Wherewith the People generally thence forwards were so infected and divers grew so audacious that justice had no force nor respect among them The disorder and confusion became excessive and there was nothing in the Citie done for the most part or concluded in Council or without but what was dictated or approved by Hernando de Avalos and Iohn de Padilla So Don Hernando de Sylva resolved to leav Toledo and go to the Emperor SECT XXI THe Emperor knew all this when Alonso Ortiz petitioned concerning the Orders for the Officers of Toledo to appear in Court and Commanded to bee delivered the Second Orders that I mentioned which were notified Iuan de Padilla delt with two gentle-men his kinsmen one called Pedro de Acunia who married one of his sisters the other Diego de Merlo who married a Cousin-german of his both powerful men in Toledo telling them they knew that the Emperor had sent for him and other gentlemen of the Citie to make their personal appearance at Court. And that upon the first and second Orders they had excused themselvs but the third Command beeing com they could not bauk it They had a thought becaus they would not have their not obeying seem to bee their faults but rather that they could not go That those gentlemen with their Allies Abbettors friends and servants assembling together should make a kinde of mutinie in the Citie and apprehending them should detain them and by no means consent to their departure whereof having certificate they might send it to the Court for their defence and by that invention bee freed from the Penalties mentioned in the Orders Those two gentlemen Pedro de Acunia and Diego de Merlo who had bin bred at Court prudently considering what Iohn de Padilla and the rest of his Consorts demanded told them that Proposition sounded not well in their ears and they desired to bee excused for not ingaging in so rash and unadvised an enterprise Iohn de Padilla and the rest perceiving there was no
Andrade Earl of Andrade Don Diego Hurtado de Mendoza who did great services to the Emperor and Monsieur de Xeures with the rest of the Flemings So with a most harmonious noise of Minstrels and Trumpets they weighed ancker and set saile with great acclamations of joy leaving sad Spaine over-charged with sorrow and misfortunes They shaped their course directly for England and the sixth day the whole Fleet arrived at the Downs The same day being whitsunday The Emperor landed with all his nobility and servants where hee was received by the Cardinal of England favorite to King Henry the Eight and by whom hee was much governed The same night the King of England came by post thither the expressions of affection and the great contentment which the King of England seemed to take in his Majestie 's company were beyond relation The next day the two King 's went to visite St Tho of Canterburie's tomb where Queen Katherine wife to King Henry and Aunt to the Emperor attended them in a sumptuously adorned Palace wherein they spent the three dayes of whitsuntide with great Jollity and feasting The holy-daies being past and the Princes having treated sufficiently of what concerned them and confirmed a Peace with great testimonies of affection on both sides the Emperor took leave of his Aunt and the King and went to Deal a harbour in the same Island And so imbarked again and sailed to Flushing His arrivall was incredibly welcom to the Inhabitants of all those Provinces the same expressions of joy were all Germany over assoon as they knew of his landing where hee was infinitely desired Hee went from Holland into Flanders without anie stay but in all places where hee did pass hee was most Splendidly entertained especially at Gant where Margarita his Aunt and the Infante Don Fernando his brother who was Arch-Duke of Austria exspected his coming Thence hee went towards Calis to visit again the King and Queen of England who mean time the Emperor was at Sea met the King of France there who endeavoured all hee could to possess the King of England with a disaffection of the Emperor whose power and greatnesse hee envied and repined at Having made this second visit the Emperor returned to Gant where hee put himself in fit equipage to receiv the Crown at Aquisgran Where we will leave him for the present and return to relate the the miseries and troubles of Spain SECT XXXIII THe Emperor's departure was diversly resented in Spain Those that were honestly minded and of sober and quiet dispositions approved of it esteeming it just and requisite but feared much what after did ensue But the factious and Seditious Party were otherwise affected They rejoiced at it and hugged themselvs in the fancie and vain hope of increasing their estates and reputation with these dissensions and alterations delighting as the Proverb saith to fish in troubled water The Emperor being gone from the Groyn all the Nobilitie and Gentrie which stayed behinde returned to their owne houses and the Commissioners or Burgesses of Parlament repayred to their respective Cities and towns with feare enough of their Republicks The Cardinal and those of his Council tooke their way towards Valladolid and before they arrived there newes was brought them of the Commotions of the Cities of Castilla The Emperor was very ill advised in not leaving the government of those Kingdoms to some Nobleman of that Countrie as was desired of him in Parlament whom as a Grandee of note and power they might feare and love honor and respect him as their Countryman Or if they had done as when necessitie constrained them they did afterwards all had been well The fault being laid upon Xeures hee sayed That it was not so ordered that his Majestie thought there were no Noblemen in Castilla worthy of that honor but because of the factions and partialities amongst them the conferring it upon one should not disgust the others SECT XXXIIII THe Cardinal and his Council being arrived at Venavente an express from Don Iohn de Acunia Governor of Segovia came to them purposely to inform them of a notoriously haynous accident befallen in that Citie which was thus One of the Commissioners or Burgesses that was sent thence to the Parlament at Santjago named Iohn or Antony de Tordesillas Regidor and native of that Citie gave his consent to the granting the Subsidies his Majestie demanded Hee brought for the Citie the Pole-money to bee payed by way of excise and a gratuity of one hundred thousand Maravediz for reparation of the walls and for himself hee had procured a very good governement and received an office which the Mint or coyning house had given for lost It is a custome in Segovia every Tuesday in whitsonweek that the Collectors meet to treat concerning the Revenue of Corpus Christi Church It hapned that being all together one of them inconsiderately sayed Gentlemen you know that Don Iohn de Acunia is Governor of this Citie and that hee never set foot in it and yet not satisfied to under value us hee maintein's here certain Officers to robb us rather then to administer Iustice. And I vow to God if the former stole away our Cloaks these strip us to the very Skins Moreover know that the Governor hath put in here a Deputy more fool then valiant Hee is not satisfied with the injuries hee doth us by day but hee leads a dog to catch men in the night And my opinion is That if any one hath done what hee ought not to doe Hee should apprehend him in his house like a Christian and not hunt him with doggs in the Mountains like a Moore For a man of any credit is more troubled at his being apprehended in the open street then at his Imprisonment A certain old man called Melon chanced to bee present at these words who had for many years executed the office of a Sergeant or Catch-pole as they call them and therefore was hated and abhorred by all the people This poore man having heard the other out and every body else holding their peaces stood up and spake these words in favor of the Justice Indeed Gentlemen that which this man hath sayed seemeth to me not well and mee thinks it is wors that men of such honor and credit as here are should give eare to such a man for hee that will speak in publick of the Ministers of Iustice ought to have some respect and moderation in his tongue and in an officer of the King 's hee ought not to look onely at his person but to consider what his staff represent's As touching the dog hee speak's of that my Master carrie's with him I sweare by this cross that being a yong man hee takes him with him more for his pleasure in the day time then to catch men in the night and if it had been so you doe not I hope take me to be so base but that I should haue made it known to the
Common People then neglect or forsake that which conduced to the King's service SECT XXXVI THis message which the Post brought from Segovia to the Governors declaring the crueltie done in that Citie possessed them with much trouble and care These risings touched the Cardinal to the heart and hereupon hee entred into consultation with those Gentlemen whom his Majestie had appointed to assist him After this the Gentlemen and Regidores of Segovia sent another Messinger to make their excuse to the Governor alledging That they had nothing to doe in the Death of Tordesillas nor the other two men neither were they able to hinder it in regard of the Mutinie of a great multitude of teazers of Wooll who made that scandalous uproar and outrage men of strange places vagabonds and who were already dispersed and fled from the Citie That if it could bee proved that anie man of account or worth in the Citie was amongst them or but anie waie favoured assisted or so much as consented to their barbarous proceeding they would willingly submit themselvs to anie Punishment that could bee inflicted on them The President of the Council Don Antonio de Rojas Arch-Bishop of Granada grew so cholerick and furious that through excess of passion hee gave the Messengers whom the Gentlemen Regidores and Citizens had sent to make their excuses such reproachful language and high threatnings that it spoiled all For returning to their Citie much distasted with this answer They were all scandalizâ—d at it and those that before were very quiet and peaceable began to incline to the Mutiniers The Cardinal beeing arrived at Valladolid the 5th of Iune 1520 the day before Corpus Christi eve the Arch-Bishop beeing gon thither two daies before Hee assembled all the Council and asked their opinions which were very different concerning this matter And becaus they are of so much importance to the Historie I will set down som of the most remarkable which were then taken in writing The first that spake was Don Antonio de Rojas President of the Council who declared himself in these words The opinion of Don Antonio de Rojas concerning Segovia MY LORDS wee who are dedicated to the Divine Sacraments have not the libertie to speak over boldly iâ— matters which concern humane rigors and chastisements becaus our profession is to shed tears for those which transgress against the God of Heaven and not spill the blood of those who offend earthlie Kings You see My Lords if the dignitie of Arch-Bishop invite's me to Clemencie the office of President which is conferred upon mee constrain's me to Iustice. This I say My Lords that you mâ—y not bee scandalized if I declare my self in this my vote I denie not that our Lord God giveth a beginning to all things with his Providence but yet manie of them hee persu's and concludeth with his rigor and Iustice. And this hee doth that the Good may bee incouraged to serv him and the wicked refrain from displeasing him According to this saying of the Prophet Misericordiam Judicium cantabo tibi Domine To com to the Purpose which now is in agitation This action of Segovia for my particular I hold it so hainous and scandalous that I cannot think of any Punishment great enough for it For where the offence is without weight the Penaltie ought to bee beyond measure Those of the Citie of Segovia have offended God in so barbarously putting to Death a man who better deserved to live then They. Which wicked action is of no less consequence then that it should wreak God's Iudgments upon them for the blood of his Innocencie is no other then the Crier or Proclaimer of Vengeance Again in my sense they are guiltie of Crimen laesâ—e Majestatis and it is very palpable for they did not murther Tordesillas for any offence hee had done them but for the service hee did the King in the Parlament And since for the King hee lost his life the King is obliged to see him revenged and in respect his Majestie is gone out of Castilla to receiv the Imperial Crown in Germanie It will bee sufficient if hee return in prosperitie that hee reward his wife and Children with some gratuity And wee are to proceed according to Iustice considering that the offence is as hainous as if it had been done to his own person For if I have served his Majestie beeing here present in giving him good Counsel I shall serv him more now My Lords in punishing misdeeds in his absence Moreover Since the King our Sovereign took shipping at the Groyn This is the first act of disobedience in Spain Wherefore I judge their crime the greater For an offence committed in absence alwaies argueth the more malice and where the malice is so great the Punishment ought to bee correspondent Item it is alleadged by those of Segovia that the Citie in general is not guiltie of this fact but only som particular men Carders did hang Tordesillas upon the Gallows I would fain know of them what was the reason why they did not punish those fellows since they were but few for there is no such testimonie of Innocence as to execute Iustice upon offenders In my opinion the Citie of Segovia cannot plead Non-Guiltie in this case for Five Thousand Citizens if they had listed might easily have withstood the furious insolence of Fiftie Teazers and those Strangers too But some secretly with their counsels others publickly using violence committed this insolent outrage For if it bee a crime in Wicked men to murther the good It is no less crime in good men not to resist the Wicked You have seen My Lords the peremptoriness of those of Toledo The King our Lord beeing at his Parlament in Santjago and the Groyn which was so great and scandalous that for my part I know not which was more to bee condemned their malicâ— in so doing or Xeures his negligence in not remedying it Wherefore I say that if that which was done hee being here hath pas't unpunished and this which hath bin committed in his absence be not remedyed from henceforwards I give all Castilla for lost and ruined For this is a General maxime if Iustice once lose her force presently start's up insulting Tyrannie Item since his Majestie 's departure out of this Kingdom This is the first scandal wherein it is requisite that the Council make appeare their Counsel and wisdom And there is nothing that can give a greater evidence thereof then in governing the People in such sort that wee may gain the affections of the good and bee no less feared by the evil If the death of this Regidor bee thus smothered and the insolence of Toledo dissembled the Carders of Segovia will thinke and the Cap-makers of Toledo will Proclaime that wee doe not let these things pass with our good wills but that wee dare not punish them And by this means Iustice will bee defamed in that shee cover's Feare and which is worst of all will
Torrejon de Velasco one of the chief Gentlemen of the Kingdom of Toledo of an Antient and Noble â—amilie But hee beeing very disâ—reet exceedingly valiant answered them That hee would have nothing to do with anie suâ—h broils and that hee desired to live peaceably at home without ingaging on either side yet upon better consideration like a faithful servant to his King having gathered one hundred and fiftie Hors with as manie Foot and a competent quantitie of Artillerie hee went to reliev the â—ort vvhich beeing known at Toledo and Alcala by messengers from Madrid they sent multitudes of People who joining all in one bodie fell upon his Town of Torrejon de Velasco vvhilest hee vvas upon his march tovvards Madrid They sacked and burned it quite dovvn and hurt divers of the Inhabitants som they killed This nevvs beeing brought to Arias hee returned much troubled and incensed to Torrejon swearing that hee would bee revenged and if hee could not get satisfaction from Madrid hee would not leave one Town there-abouts undestroyed Som of his followers advised him to join with Diego de Vera who was come from Gelves with whose help and the good provision of Artillerie which hee had hee might besiege Madrid hereupon Don Iohn Arias demanded Don Diego's assistance but hee exâ—used himself saying that hee was tyred with his march neither would hee fight against any of the King's Towns Iohn Arias did all the mischief hee could in the Towns adjacent to Madrid and the people were so fearful of his Souldiers that they durst not leave their cattle abroad It fell out one night that the Village of Mostoles which was near Torrejon having notice that Ioâ—n Arias would fall upon them they barricadoed their streets and put themselvs in a posture of defence but hee entred at another part where the inhabitants suspected not and sacked the Town and at their going away again all loaden with plunder the Townsmen all at once fell upon them and took all from them again but killed not a man SECT XLIX DOn Iohn Arias de Avila afterwards seeing the inconstancie and fickleness of the Common People who neither kept oath nor promise desiring to serve his King and pacifie the tumults of Toledo went with som few servants to the Town of Illescas where the chief promoters of those combustions were with divers men in Arms and coming thither to treat of composing the matter in a peaceable waie hee expressed himself in such efficacious terms and gave them such undeniable reasons and friendly exhortations representing unto them the dangers whereunto they exposed their lives and fortunes by withdrawing themselvs from their obedience to their King that somtimes hee prevailed so far with them as to harken to an accommodation but they continued not long in that mind for the business depending of so many several People that which was concluded one day vvas quite broke off the next and at last they fell into such a popular madness that throvving aside all respect they vvould lay violent hands upon Don Iohn Arias peremptorily bidding him deliver up to them the places of strength vvhich hee had under his command and seeing hee would not do that they demanded the Artillerie vvhich vvas in them and becaus hee denyed that also vvith great nois and tumult they gathered together in the hous vvhere the Assemblie vvas kept and made an order that Iohn Arias should presently deliver the Artillerie and in case of default hee should suffer death as an enemie of the common good This vvas intimated to him by a Notary Publick But Iohn Arias vvith solid and good reasons ansvveared that hee could not do it The People of Illescas hereupon vvent againe into the council and ordred that Iohn Arias should vvithout replie deliver the Artillerie or bee killed vvhereunto hee made ansvvere soberly and undauntedly That the life hee yet injoyed vvas onely his ovvn but the honor and good name descended from his Ancestours and should continue as an inheritance intailed upon his Successors That it vvas in their povvers to take avvay his life but not his honor for that hee could neither give nor lose That if they did take his life it would cost them many lives That they had best take heed what they did and that they could not take away the loyaltie which hee owed to his King though hee should lose a Thousand lives and that this should bee his resolution in despight of their cruiltie The Common People seeing the resolute courage and constancie of Iohn Arias de Avila suspended for the present the mischief they intended against him so hee tooke horse and rode with a stayed serious countenance through the Town attended onely with those few servants hee brought with him and thence returned to Torrejon whereof the People of Illescas presently repented themselvs and condemned one another of unadvisedness in that they had not killed or at least kept him prisoner But John Arias mainteined stoutly three Forts well provided of men and armes in the King's service against them which were of great importance for the suppressing and hindering the outrages of Toledo and those neighbouring places to the great hazard of his life and fortunes And as soon as hee heard that the Lord Constable was Vice-Roy of Castilla hee sent him the seal of his hous and armes offering himself wholie to accomplish the obligation hee had to his Majestie 's service for which the Lord-Constable returned him thanks promissing to acquaint the Emperor with his loyaltie and moreover recommended to his care the charge of those parts which John Arias performed with great diligence skermishing often-times with the Commoners For this and other services and in consideration of his illustrious extraction the Emperor gave him the tiâ—â—e of Earl of Punio en Rostro and vvrote him very favorable and gratious Lettres expressing the great esteem and account hee made of his services to his Majestie In a hundred small Villages the People rose against the Earl of Chinchon but hee suppressâ—d them quickly and punished them severely Alcala was infected with the like disturbances and revolts vvith divers other places of the Kingdom imitating their chief Tovvn vvhich vvas the ring-leader of all those distempers SECT L. CArdinal Adriano who was a Saint-like man sought all means possible to remedie these disorders with a sweetness and Clemencie answerable to his Charitie and hearing of a Gentleman that followed the Court who was a native and Iurate of Toledo a discreet man hee sent for him and beeing come hee asked him what cours in his opinion was fittest to bee taken for the pacifying of that Citie saying That if hee could devise anie waie to do it hee should bee exceeding glad to embrace it and hee would procure his Majestie 's approbation thereof The Gentleman thanked him in the Citie 's behalf as beeing a member of it and said Hee did not certainly know their intention but according to his judgment the onely waie to cure those mischiefs
which was thus hee privately commanded certain fire-bals of pitch to bee made and flung into St Francis street thinking that the people would presently run all thither to quench the fire and quit the gates by which meanes hee might enter and seize upon the Artillerie but it succeeded not according to his exspectation for the fire began to rage exceedingly in so much that St Francis street and the linnen draperie was quite through of a flame yet the inhabitants shewed so much courage that although their houses goods and children were burning before their eyes they would not depart from the Artillerie fighting with Antonio de Fonseca and his men until they had driven them quite from the Town Fonseca was very angrie and ashamed that hee could not effect his intention and no less grieved for the great harm and damage the fire had done which hee intended not The Monasterie of St Francis was burnt to the ground with all the rich ornaments and librarie besides great store of Monie Cloath Silks Clothes of Gold and Silver and other rich commodities which divers Genua and Segovia Merchants had layed up there all consumed to ashes And nine hundred houses more in whâ—ch not so much as one bed was preserved It was a lamentable thing to see how the poor people women and children went crying and groaning up and down the streets having no hous left to go into nor any thing to cover theiâ— nakedness calling upon God for justice against Fonseca In this sad condition remained Medina more inflamed with the fire of wrath in their hearts then their houses were with the bals of pitch The Corregidor durst not stay becaus hee had been with Fonseca Whereupon the people began to call an Assemblie of the Commonaltie and took the same form of government as the other Cities did They wrote forthwith to Iohn de Padilla and the other Captains declaring their miseries and imploring their assistance to revenge their losses upon those that had sided with Fonseca against them and their chiefest spleen was against the Town of Arevalo becaus Fonseca had carried his men thence Arevalo feared as much from those of Segovia and in it self there were partialities and sidings thereupon som taking the Commoners part others the Contrarie Medina wrote likewise to the other Cities imparting to them their calamities Segovia answered their Letters expressing manie thanks for their defending so couragiously the Artillerie and exceeding sorrow for the great losses they had susteined SECT LIII ADriano the Cardinal of Tortosa beeing a holie man was grieved to the soul at the disaster of Medina and in excuse of himself hee wrote a Letter to them expressing his sorrow in good and Saint-like tearms Whereunto they returned an answer giving his Eminence thanks for his resentment of their miseries and making a large relation of the cruelties of Fonseca and his Souldiers besides the great losses they had susteined by fire which they esteemed to bee of so high value that they doubted the King's whole Revenue for som years would not bee enough to make them reparation And at last they desired his Eminence would bee pleased to condemned and declare for Traitors and disturbers of the Kingdom Antonio de Fonseca Gutiere Quijada and that bloodie robber as they called him Iohn de Avila and disband their men with Command that everie one should repair to their own home and not burn the houses of his Majestie 's faithful Subjects for under colour of serving the King they did him great disservice therein Finis Libri Secundi THE CIVIL WARS OF SPAIN THE THIRD BOOK SECT I. ANger supported on the shouldiers of Autoritie is like lightning from heaven Antonio de Fonseca Captain General of the Kingdom was inraged beyond the measure of discretion against Medina Hee burned like a flash of lightning their houses and their goods but hee incensed their hearts and wills much more like men in despair to commit a thousand absurdities And to revenge the furie of his passion all the people of the Town took Arms dispersed Letters of their grievances through the whole Kingdom desiring vengeance and hee that could do most mischief was held the bravest fellow Amongst these broils and mischiefs there was one particularly noted for his courage and boldness a Cloth-worker by trade his name was Bobadilla a mean fellow dull but cruel of disposition hee was followed as their Captain by divers that were undone and therefore grown furiously passionate First hee fell upon Gil Nieto who had been his Master cutting and slashing till hee had killed him then hee killed a Book-seller called Tellez next a Regidor of the Town called Lope de Vera. And so hee and his Associats served all those whom they knew or did but imagine had anie hand in Fonseca's coming to demand the Artillerie or had consented to the delivering of it They pluckt down the houses which Don Rodrigo Mexia had there and committed divers other cruâ—lties and outrages This active audaciousness of Bobadilla got him very much credit and esteem amongst the people and hee Lorded it and took so much upon him that from that time forwards nothing was done but what hâ—e would so hee commanded and governed as Head of the people Hee presently took a great hous set Porters at his Gates and gave himself the style of Lord. Such Heads as this Cloth-worker was had the Commonalties in other places as Villoria a skinner in Salamanca and Antonio Casado in Segovia and others such like who beeing bold and without honor or shame were followed and esteemed by the common and meaner sort And indeed divers Gentlemen were to blame herein who did very much harm som by kindling and fomenting the fire secretly others publickly not with design to do the King anie disservice but by reason of parties and factions amongst themselvs som siding with the Commonaltie purposely to destroie others so that it was more their particular factions and seditions then their disobedience to his Majestie that occasioned all these disorders Medina soon after this disaster sent Letters to Valladolid conteining a most pitiful relation of their unfortunate and deplorable condition with high exclamations against the crueltie of Antonio de Fonseca and Ronquillo SECT II. THe Emperor wrote to Valladolid giving them thanks that they had preserved Peace and quietness in that Citie and for the good entertainment they had given in his absence to the Cardinal his Governor and those of his Council Whereunto they returned an Answer the 8th Iulie 1520 with manie acknowledgments of his favor praising God that hee had given them such a Prince and Emperor who they hoped should conquer the Holie Land and bee a great Defendor of the Church as the Emperors and Kings his forefathers had been And moreover they beseeched with all humilitie his Sacred Majestie forasmuch as that Citie had not onely shewed their Loialtie in serving with their Arms the Kings his Ancestors as Don Alonso the Eleventh Don
Gentrie opposed it saying it was a great dissâ—rvice to the King and contrarie to Justice Manie distastfull words passed amongst them but at last the Commons prevailed and turned all those Gentlemen out of Salamanca One stately hous that belonged to the Archbishop of Santjago's Steward they burned down to the ground Neither did those Gentlemen hold themselvs secure until they were got into Valladolid where they gave a full account of all these passages This was the beginning of the rising publickly in Salamanca After which they kept their Rounds and Guards in the Citie and sent Hors to the relief of Segovia but before they departed Salamanca with other Cities sent two men to the Cardinal and Council beseeching them to forbear from chastising Segovia for if they did not the Citie of Salamanca could not refrain from sending them succor Their chief Captain in this uproar was Don Pedro Maldonado Nephew to the Doctor Talavera who drove the rest of the Gentlemen that were not of his faction out of the Citie and made the Corregidor go away also leaving the administration of Justice more out of fear then otherwise which done the Citie ordered the Justice and did what you shall see hereafter SECT XVI THe Cardinal Governor seeing these troubles and disorders increas daily without anie hope of remedie notwithstanding all the endeavors and gentle means hee and those of the Council had used to procure it The President and the rest agreed to give his Majestie an exact account of all the Commotions and particular exigencies of the Kingdom of Castillia and in what danger they themselvs were by reason of the people's furie desiring his Majestie to take som speedie order for the rectifying of so great disorders SECT XVII THe Emperor had already received som intelligence of these troubles in Spain by means of Flemish Merchants and other particular letters But when those from the Cardinal and Council came to his hands at Lovain Hee was seized with unexpressible sadness The necessitie of his going to bee crowned in Germanie was very urgent and his returning into Spain seemed yet of more importance The Letter 's sad Contents brâ—d divers discontents and no less different opinions as the custom is amongst the Courtiers of the nearest relation about the Emperor The Flemings condemned the Spaniards for raising these tumults ond commotions in their King's absence The Spaniards retorted the blame upon the Flemings saying That their ill Government had been the occasion of the ruine and loss of Spain and that they had robbed it and indeed to saie the truth They were both in fault for the Flemings were as short of discretion and prudence to Govern as they abounded with a too insatiable Covetousness And the Spaniards although they had som reason to complain could not bee excused for rising up in Arms. Monsieur de Xeures grew much discontented and ashamed upon the report of this breaking out of Spain partly becaus hee knew what opinion went of him in the Court but chiefly becaus hee thought as justly hee might the Emperor would derive the fault upon him who whil'st hee was in Spain commanded with so absolute a power that it was commonly said The Emperor Don Carlos is King by right and Monsieur de Xeures in effect The Emperor beeing thus disquieted called a Council and desiring to have their advices hee propounded That they would consider what means was to bee vsed that Hee might go into Germanie and receiv that Crown which Hee so much desired and provide som remedie to settle the disturbances of Spain which was of no less importance to him for his Coronation could bee no longer suspended and the remedying of Spain ought not to bee differred Hee had of his Council in this occurrence Germanes Flemings Italians Aragoneses and Castillans and their opinions were as different as their Nations For the Germanes urged that it was repuisite his Majestie should continue his journie into Germanie The Italians said it was necessarie that hee should makeâ— a progress into Italie The Flemings were very importunate for him to staie in their Countrie The Aragoneses pleaded that Valencia was also risen up in Arms. And the Castillans used all means possible to persuade him to reâ—urn into Castillâ— The case beeing so general and nearly concerning so manie Kingdoms the Emperor did wisely to take the advice of manie But at last the resolution of the business was given by few as great Princes use to do in like occurrences The result of this Consultation was That the Emperor should continue his journie into Germanie and having received the Imperial Crown there to remain until hee had fully settled the affairs of that Countrie not being everie daie to return thither It was likewise resolved That his Majestie should send amiable and gracious Letters to all the Cities and Towns of Castilla requiring som of them to return unto themselvs and his service and expressing his thankfulness to others for their good intentions towards him That hee should desire and encharge the Nobles and Gentrie to favor and assist those of his Roial Council promising to all upon the faith of his Roial word that with all possible expedition hee would return into Castilla for the thought of the Emperor 's never returning into Spain bred in the Common people the boldness to commit such outrages and exorbitances Moreover it was determined That the Emperor should write unto the President and Council condoling their troubles and persecution commanding them withall that in one place or other six of them should alwaies bee about the Cardinal and hold Council To the end they might serv as a Refuge for the good people to appeal unto and bee a terror to the evil for if the Council omitted the doing of Justice the Roial Autoritie must needs fall And also That the Emperor should appoint two other Governors to bee joined in Commission with the Cardinal and those to bee men of noble extractions well experienced and advanced in years of generous dispositions powerful in estates but chiefly Natives of that Kingdom This advice seemed very sound and pertinent to the Emperor whereupon hee gave order it should bee put in execution accordingly and those whom they Voted to bee joined in Commission with the Cardinal were Don Fadrique Enriquez Lord High Admiral of Castilla and Don Inigo de Velasco Lord High Constable who were both antient Gentlemen of great generositie and gallantrie Which Election gave no small satisfaction to the Castillan partie for they had shewen themselvs in their commands not onely wise but valiant and were alwaies fortunate in their undertakings These Noblemen governed with such valour and prudence that the Emperor in his Letters to the Lord High Constable give 's him thanks for his services acknowledging that by his means hee was King of Castilla And indeed the Emperor said but what was true Besides all this his Majestie sent an especial Command That the subsidie which was granted him at the
beeing Sunday they returned in the morning much time was spent in controversie whether they should kneel or sit before her but the President telling her that those of the Council ought not to bee treated in that manner shee commanded they should sit but chairs beeing brought in shee cryed out no chaires but bring a form that was the custom in my mother's daies onely give the Bishop a chair Six hours they were with her in private and the result of all was that they should return to Valladolid and consult with the rest of the Council what orders they should issue out which done shee would sign them They came to Valladolid and in the interim Iohn de Padilla arrived at Tordesillas as you shall finde hereafter those of the Council were presently afraid to bee taken and some report that hee sent a Captain in persuite of those that came from Tordesillas SECT XXIII THe same daie that Valladolid rose up publickly in Arms which was Wednesday the 29th of August Iohn de Padilla having beaten Ronquillo from Segovia Iohn Bravo and Iohn Zapata with the men which they brought from Toledo Segovia and Madrid arrived at Medina del Campo Which the Towns-men taking as a great favour went out to receiv them with their flags and mourning colours besides manie teares which moved these Captains to great compassion especially when they saw the Town reduced to ashes they comforted the People the best they could and Iohn de Padilla took thereupon occasion to tell them Gentlemen If you had reflected well upon the Letter which I sent you giving you notice that Foâ—seca was raising forces with intent to fetch the Artillerie thence peradventure you had not been suffâ—rers in so high a nature Those of Medina wondred that they never had heard of anie such Letter and after divers circumstances it was found out that the Regidor Gil Nieto had received and concealed it from the people whereupon they grew to an excessive passion and whilest this was yet in agitation Gil Nieto unfortunatly came amongst them Some of whom discoursing of the Town-affairs said to him If there were no Traytors in Medina the miseries wee suffer never had befallen us Who are those Traytors replyed Gil Nieto At which words started up Bobadilla the Cloth worker and with a great Oath answered you are one of the Traytors then drawing his sword hee violently flew upon him and with one blow separated his head from his shoulders which done and having found in his bosome Iohn de Padilla's Letter they flung him out at the windows of the Regimiento upon the Souldiers pikes which stood below Hee was afterwards taken up and interred by his friends and kindrid Iohn de Padilla remained five daies in Medina and the Tovvn having given him tvvo great peeces of Ordnance hee departed thence vvith his men for Tordesillas Hee pretended that hee went thither to kiss the Queen's hands and give her an account of what passed in Castilla Others said that hee went audaciously to seiz on her and take her into his power Beeing arrived hee drew up his Armie in Batalia charged his Ordnance and remained in that Order until hee had given notice of his coming to her Highness and the Town The Queen presently gave order they should go forth to receiv him which the Town did in the best manner and with the greatest companie they could and as they were even ready to meet hee commanded his two Guns to bee shot off with great showting and nois of Trumpets The Salve being past they took Iohn de Padilla in the midst of them and so entred the Town with the greatest applaus that might bee imagined after hee had rested himself a while hee went to the Pallace where the Queen received him very graciously gave him Audience and asked him who hee was To which hee answered That his name vvas Iuan de Padilla son to Pedro Lopez de Padilla vvho had been Captain General in Castilla and served the renovvned Queen Donia Isabella her mother and that also hee came to tender his service to her Majestie with the people of Toledo That hee did give her to understand that since the deceas of the Catholick King her father there had been and were in that Kingdom great disorders mischiefs and dissentions for want of a Governor Although the Mightie and Illustrious Don Carlos her son had governed Spain yet by reason of his sudden departure the Kingdom was risen in such Commotions and Disordrous manner that all Spain was ready to bee destroied and that now hee was com with a certain Armie of Toledians to serv her Highness whom hee desired to see and know what Commands shee had to laie upon him for hee was ready to spend his life in her service The Queen was much astonished to hear such things and said shee never knew any thing of it before For shee had been sixteen years shut up within a chamber under the Guard of the Marquess of Denia and wondred to hear anie such stories but if shee had known of her Father's death shee would have gon abroad and set som remedie to those mischiefs So forgetful and void of Judgment was the Queen Then shee said to Iohn de Padilla Go you now I command you take the charge and execute the office of Captain General in the Kingdom and give you order for all things as need shall require until I provide otherwise This said shee retired into her chamber and Iohn de Padilla returned to his Quarters well attended and very jocund for the favour the Queen had done him in giving him that Commission Manie times after this Iohn de Padilla had conference with the Queen and she seemed to give Audience to him and others of the Iunta very willingly They told her once that the King her son had done great damage to the Kingdom whereunto shee answered That her son was not greatly in fault for hee was but a youth but the Kingdom rather ought to bee condemned for suffering it Then shee commanded that the Assemblie of the Kingdom should bee kept there that shee would autorize it Hereupon an Order was forthwith issued out That Proclamation should bee made in Medina and other places for all the Commissioners that had assisted in Parlament at the Groyn to make their appearance and render an account at Torâ—esillas under pain of death SECT XXIV THe Iunta was yet held at Avila whither was sent an Order from the Queen commanding them to remove to Tordesillas which they presently obeied for it was their only waie so to do The Queen understanding nothing what belonged to businesses The Antagonists of the Junta gave out That those Dispatches which were produced and publshed in the Queen's name were fals and the testimonies likewise made by counterfeiting hands The Junta took a resolution to turn the Marquess of Denia out of the Queen's service for the ill opinion hee beeing a loial subject conceived of the Commoners alleging that shee
generous spirit and the sens of Loialtie which was Hereditarie to that noble familie I do not finde that any of the Grandees of Castilla were very forward to break the ice in this undertaking though afterwards like honest men they all set their helping hands The Lord High Constable at first prudently feared the Event and was loth to engage himself in so perillous an enterprise hazarding no less then his life and whole estate in endeavouring to oppose so manie especially without arms monie or order from the Emperor For the enemies were very manie and powerful no less then thirteen of the most considerable Cities of Castilla with divers other Towns and Villages beeing declared for the Commonaltie besides that many Gentlemen of qualitie great estates much animated against the Emperor and his Ministers had involved themselvs in the same Interest It vvas an attempt of so much consideration and danger that the other Grandees thought it the best vvay seeing they vvere not able to do otherwise to sit still and look on and manie of them advised the Lord High Constable to do the like But his Ladie Donia Maria de Tovar onely daughter and heir to Don Luis de Tovar Marquis of Berlanga beeing one of the discreetest and most magnanimous Ladies in all Spain of her time was not of the opinion of those that gave her husband that Counsel but she never ceased representing to him the advancement of his Majestie 's service and that for the good of the Kingdom hee ought to resist and suppress the exorbitances of the insulting Commoners although hee put himself to the hazard of losing both life and fortune in regard hee bare the Office of Lord High Constable Captain General and the second person of the Kingdom next his Majestie The Dutchess beeing at her own hous at Haro wrote to the Lord High Constable her husband this ensuing Letter which is worthie to bee Chronicled The Dutchesse's letter to the Lord high Constable YOur Letter I received by Pedro de Velasco And my opinion is since his Majestie from the place where hee is doth what hee can to give you his power and Revenue here That you determine to preserv it For if hee lose his right no wonder if you and all those that have done what they were obliged to do bee dispossest of your's But if you maintain his interest you and his other Servants will bee all secured That which in my judgment your Lordship and the Lord Admiral are now to do is to raise men and monie with all possible expedition and trie your fortunes I write to Pedro de Melgosa to use all means and shifts that may bee to procure you monie The greater the danger more glorious is the attempt Trust in our Lord God for since herein you doe both him and the King service bee confident hee will bee favourable and give a blessing to your indeavors So becaus I intend to write more at large to you by the Treasurer I rest praying God to preserv your Lordship's most Illustrious person with more tenderness then I wish to my self From Haro this 19th of June 1520. Finis Libri Tertii THE CIVIL WARS OF SPAIN THE FOURTH BOOK SECT I. THere is no Republick or Change of Government whatsoëver so barbarous as to bee ignorant how important and necessarie a Cement Concord is to make it long subsist Wherefore those of the Iunta dreading and not without caus the dangeâ— wherein they stood desired the Citie of Valladolid to agree and bee all of one heart for the high consequence of the matter wherein they were ingaged did require it promising them that within fevv daies they should see the Ordinances which with incessant labor and watching the Holie Iunta had agreed to publish and dispers through the whole Kingdom whereby they hoped to make that Republick flourish as one of the most happie and best governed in the whole world The people were big with glorious hopes of injoying a second golden Age and those of the Iunta were so well pleased with the thanks and applaus of the People that their Ordinances beeing finished they resolved to send them to the Emperor by two Gentlemen and a Frier not doubting but therefore his Majestie would confer som honorable dignities upon them But what these were I will not mention onely I may say that hee was so incensed at their message that they held it a great mercie they escaped with their lives They wrote moreover a kinde of requisitorie letter for the Cities and Towns where their Embassadors were to pass and therein they inclosed their Letters to the Emperor with the Articles and Ordinances which in the name of the Kingdom they desired his Majestie to confirm and though already I have declared the substance thereof I will set them down in the same form they sent them that the curious and patient may read and see the pretensions of the Commonalties and what the Kingdom demanded Let every one judg what reason they had for my own part I will neither excuse nor condemn them but onely relate faithfully the truth which is as much as can bee required of mee considering my office In their Letters to the Emperor they give his Majâ—stie an account of all the troubles and insurrections of the Kingdom which they told him proceeded from the evil Counsel which his Majestie entertained about his Roial Person who for their disordinate Covetousness private passions and interests besides other sinister ends they said might more properly bee styled the Deceivers Cheaters and Enemies of his Majestie 's Kingdoms and the publick good thereof then Counsellors such as they ought to bee For they were the occasion that the Kingdom of Castilla which abounded in riches and all other things that could bee required of the most opulent and flourishing Kingdoms of the World was now beecom the poorest and most miserable of all the neighboring Kingdoms Which did not onely concern the publick but was also particularly prejudicial to his Majestie 's Roial Patrimonie and which was insufferable That the desolation of his Majestie 's Kingdoms and the exhausting of his treasure to his own exceeding inconvenience and the ruine of his subjects was to no other purpose then to enrich his evil Counsellors and divers other persons strangers who bare no affection to his Majestie nor had any zeal to advance his service or the publick good but to build their own fortunes Next they complained that the Commissioners of several Cities who desired his Majestie in the name of the Kingdom at Santjago and the Groyn not to demand any Subsidies were by his Counsel sentenced rather worthie of punishment then audience and order given that they should not bee admitted to sit in Parlament but bee confined and banished som of them to the remotest parts of the Kingdom That since his Majestie 's departure out of the Kingdom the Cardinal with the President and rest of the Council had given Commissions to Antonio de Fonseca
and the Alcalde Ronquillo to sack and make desolate the Citie of Segovia notwithstanding they sent to excuse and submit themselvs to the Council and that becaus of their so rigorous proceeding they sent to Toledo and other Cities for assistance who before they raised any forces to succour them desired the Cardinal and Council by waie of Petition to deal more favorably with those of Segovia but receiving no satisfactorie answer they sent an Armie into the field They aggravated the crueltie of Antonio de Fonseca in burning Medina whereby the Town was endammaged above two millions of Ducates and which occasioned the rising of divers other places They declared how the Queen had commanded the Iunta to remove from Avila to Tordesillas That they had undertaken the care of the Queen's person and put the Marquis of Denia and his Ladie from her holding them destructive to the advancement of the publick good They alleged reasons for dissolving the Council which his Majestie had settled before his departure And why they paied their Armie out of his Majestieâ—s Revenues At last they desired his Majestie would bee pleased to grant and confirm all those Articles which their Embassadors should present him from the Kingdom the intent and scope of them beeing meerly for his good and the peaceable Government by regulating and repairing the miseries and great dammages that had been occasioned through the evil Counsel of those which thitherto had abused and mis-led his Majestâ—e urging moreover that for the benefit of the Publick and the improving of his Roial Patrimonie it was necessarie and expedient that until such time as his Majestie should appoint other persons of better temper and uprighter intentions to reside in his High Council then the former were his Majestie should give power to those Cities and Towns which had Vote in Parlament to provide and see to the Administration of Justice and other things wherein those of his Council ought to have been more circumspect and moderate And also that hee would revoke the Commissions and Autoritie which hee had sent to the then ruling Governors becaus they were men whom the Kingdom could not endure Besides this letter to the Emperor they sent another to those of the Citie where hee then was desiring them to join with them in supplication to his Majestie and procure his consent and approbation of all the Kingdom 's desires in regard they tended to his Majestie 's service the publick good of the Kingdom the increasing of his Roial Patrimonie and were exceedingly conducing to a peaceable and quiet government Dated from Tordesillas the 20th of October 1520. Under the the Letter was written I Lope de Pallares Secretarie of the Parlament and Iunta of the Kingdom caused this to bee written by their Command SECT II. ARTICLES Of The KINGDOM DON CARLOS and DONIA IUANA c. To our Infantes well-beloved Children Brothers and Dukes Greeting Know yee that for the remedying and repairing the great dammages and exorbitancies which have been and are in our Kingdoms of Castilla and Leon by reason of the former evil Counsel and Government of our said Kingdoms The Commissioners or Procuradores of those Cities and Towns that have Vote in Parlament are assembled as becometh our Loial Subjects and Servants with zeal to our servicâ— and the publick good of our Kingdoms fulfilling that which the Laws of our Kingdoms oblige them to do And by special Command from us the Queen are com to Tordesillas to take care and provide for the reparation and remedie of the said dammages and exorbitancies To which effect they have made and ordeined certain Articles which are conducing and expedient for our service the good Government of the Kingdom and the increasing of the Revenue and Partrimonie Roial The Tenor whereof is as followeth MOST HIGH AND MIGHTIE CATHOLICK PRINCES QUEEN AND KING OUR SOVEREIGNS That which the Cities Towns Villages Commonalties and Natives of your Kingdom of Castilla and Leon do desires your Majesties will bee pleased to grant for a perpetual Law is here ensuing That which concern's his MAIESTIES ROIAL PERSON FIrst These Kingdoms humblie supplicate your Majestie will bee pleased speedily to return into these Kingdoms and beeing com to remain ruling and governing them For staying here your Majestie may give Laws and Command over the whole World as your Predecessors have done And nothing of all that which they desire of your Majestie will bee so pleasing to these Kingdoms although you should grant them much more for they hope your Majestie will condescend to all these things then your speedie coming to them For it is not the custom of Castilla to bee without their King neither can they bâ—e governed by others in peace and quiet which is very necessarie for your Royal service Item These Kingdoms humbly beseech your Majestie at your return to bee pleased to marrie it beeing necessarie for the universal good of these Kingdoms that there should bee some issue to succeed your Royal Person as they desire your Majestie 's age now requiring it And that you would bee pleased to take a wife according to the Vote and good lâ—king of these your Kingdoms for so shee shall bee of some Countrie in amitie with them as is most convenient for your service and the contentment of your Royal Person That which concern's the Royal Familie THat our Ladie and Sovereign the Queen's Royal hous bee put in such order and estate as is becoming her Royal Person and the honor of these Kingdoms That the Officers about her bee persons of qualitie That her hous bee sufficiently provided of all thing befitting her dignitie for so her Highnâ—ss will bee well pleased with these Kingdoms and they obliged Item That his Majestie would bee pleased at his return into these Kingdoms to bring neither Flemings French nor other strangers whatsoëver to bear any Office in his Royal Familie But that hee would confer all such Offices upon Natives of these Kingdoms there beeing multitudes of able and sufficient persons who will serv his Majestie with much affection and loyaltie and that his heirs and successors for ever should continue the like order Item That neither his Majestie nor his successors bring in or entertain any forreign souldiers for the guard of their Persons or defens of their Kingdoms in regard there are war-like and courageous men enough amongst the Natives not onely to defend their own Countrie but to conquer others as they had done heretofore Item That his Majestie beeing in these Kingdoms and having none but Natives about him would bee pleased to order his Familie in all respects as Don Fernando his grandfather and Donia Isabel his Queen and the rest of the Catholick King 's his Progenitors of glorious memorie had done before him For in so doing hee would save a number of unnecessarie expences which were made in his table and houshold and this would palpably appear for his Majestie will find that in the dishes for his own table and
Leases of Abbie-lands may remain taxed for ever and no higher for they may not bee raised nor abated at anie time since such was the pleasure of the most Illustrious Queen Donia Isabel our Ladie and Sovereign as appear's by her last Will and Testament And it is better for the augment of the Roial Revenue as well as the good of the kingdom for there was more gold and silver brought to his Majestie 's Exchequer by the simple Penie-rents then by these racking enhancements considering the breaches and failings which have been and are amongst those that farm the Subsidies neither is that burthensom to the kingdom Item That the people may take in the said perpetual Tax the said Customs and Thirds and be obliged to rent the Situados that there was upon the said Customs and Thirds restoring to their Majesties the over-plus having paid the Situados and rights at the accustomed places and summons By this means their Majestie 's servants and retainers would bee duly paied and all those bribes and selling of Librancas would bee saved neither would there be any need of so many Officers their Majesties might spare great sums of monie much wages and a multitude of discharges or bills of receipt which were given to Officers more then needed Item That the Queen and King our Sovereigns and their Successors in these kingdoms bee contented for ever to have and rais their Customs by and according to the fore-mentioned imposition and no otherwise in regard so they are certain and not variable neither will there bee anie thing diminished of the Revenue there still accruing to the Crown other profitable rights as Fines Confiscations of goods the Salt-pit-rents the Mountain-Tributes Subsidies Customerships and Puertos secos besides currant monie taxes and ordinarie paiments of the kingdom with the rents of Maestrazgos And that which com's from the Indies Isles and Firm-land amount's to so great a sum that thereby his Majestie may sufficiently maintein his state without pressing the Kingdom in Parlament and out of Parlament to grant any other extraordinarie Subsidies whereby the people is much aggrieved and tâ—eir Roial Consciences can bee no less burthened with the oppression and great dammages of these kingdoms Item That all the Inhabitants of the Cities Towns Villages Burroughs and Lordships may enjoie the said perpetual taxes in general that none amongst them may rent or farm any particular part thereof at a higher rate then the said taxes nor â—hat anie more sesments bee made amongst the Inhabitants of the said places then what shall bee necessarie for the recovering and gathering of the said taxes Item that everie Citie or Town that is chief of the Countie do caus a Chest to bee set in som secure place wherein they may put or gather the Roial Revenue and that they see to and provide that which shall bee necessarie for the estate of the Kingdom And chiefly to have a care that the Queen our Soveâ—eign â—adie's familie bee maintained and furnished with all things suitable to the Dignitie of her Royal Person and the honor of the Kingdoms next to paie the Searchers Counsels and Chanceries with other ordinarie offices of the Kingdom and beeing payed that it remain stated in the offices of the Puertos Secos mountain-Tributes and Customerships and in case any bee wanting in the hous of the Contratacion of Sevilla And the remainder of the Revenue and Royal Patrimonie to bee kept in the treasure and delivered to his Majestie when it shall pleas God that hee return into this Kingdom or to supplie his necessities and those of the Kingdom if any real and urgent occasion doth require it Item That the residue or any thing that is unpaied of the Revenue after ten years may not bee farmed or recovered For by recovering debts of so long standing may arise great extorsions and grievances on the Natives of the Kingdom or their sureties children and heirs who after so many years can not perchance produce the discharges and acquittances that had been given Concerning Commissioners or Burgesses of Parlament Subsidies THat the Subsidie granted to his Majestie by some Commissioners at the Parlament in the Citie of the Groyn bee neither demanded nor received nor any other imposed hereafter Nor that any other impositions or tributes extraordinarie bee layed upon the Kingdom by their Majesties or any of their Successors Item That when any Burgesses or Commissioners are to bee sent to Parlament the Custom of each Citie is to bee observed in the state of the Regimiento moreover one is to bee sent from the Chapter or Clergie another from the state of the Gentrie a third from the State of the Commonaltie and every State to elect and nominate their Commissioner severally in a distinct assembly Which Commissioners are to bee payed by their own Citie or Town except the Commissioner of the Clergie who is to bee maintained by the Chapter Item When any Parlament is called and the Cities and Towns which have Vote bee summoned to send their Commissioners That their Majesties or any their Successors in these Kingdoms send not to the said Commissioners any Power Instruction or Command in what manner and form their Powers are to bee granted nor appoint or nominate any particular persons to bee Commissioners But that such Citie or Towns may have free libertie to grant Powers according to their own sence and to such persons as they shall think most convenient for the good of their Republick Item Wheresoëver the Parlament bee assembled That the Commissioners may have the freedom to meet confer and discours with one another as often as they shall think good and that no President bee ordered to com amongst them for that would hinder them from attending to those things which particularly concern the Cities and the good of the Republick which they represent Item that during the time of the Commissioners beeing at Parlament nor before or after their return to their houâ—es as having been or beeing Commissioners in the said Parlament they may not receiv directly or indirectly under what colour or pretence soêver any present or gratuitie from their Majesties or their Successors in these kingdoms of what value or qualitie soëver neither for themselvs their wives children or kindred under pain of death and confiscation of goods which goods may bee emploied for the publick reparations of the Citie or Town whereof any such Delinquent was Commissioner For they beeing free from Covetousness and without hopes of receiving anie bribes in that nature will bee more attentive and zealous for the service of God the King and the publick and more careful to perform what was encharged them by their Towns and Cities Item that the Commissioners may onely have the bare stipend which shall bee allowed them by their Cities or Towns and that the said stipend or Salarie bee competent according to the condition and qualitie of the person and the place from whence hee is emploied as Commissioner And that
And that the Officers of Justice may take the said Woolls from the Shepherds or buiers and deliver them to such persons as is before-mentioned not suffering any fraud or contention to arise hereupon but the truth beeing known speedily to deliver them to the said Merchants and others to be wrought in these Kingdoms paying in ready mony or giving the said securitie And in case any Officer neglect his dutie herein that hee may lose one whole years Salarie and be obliged to make good the dammage and interest of the Partie Concerning the Council Courts and Iustices THat his Majestie would bee pleased to dismiss those of the Council whom hitherto hee hath kept in regard they have advised him to the great prejudice of his Majestie 's Roial Crown and the excessive dammage of the Kingdoms That they never bee admitted to bee of his Privie Council the Queen's Council or Council of Justice That their Majesties would select som of the Natives of those Kingdoms to bee of their Roial Councils who were known to bee loial and zealous for their service and which would set aside their particular interests for the people's good Item that the President Council Judges Alcaldes and Officers of the Courts and Chanceries may bee visited every four years according to the usual manner That those who are found faultie may bee punished as the Laws of the Kingdom have ordered according to the hainousness of their crime and those who are found otherwise may bee acknowledged to bee good men and rewarded by his Majestie Item that the said Offices aswel of the Council as of his Majestie 's familie Chanceries and other Courts bee not given by favor or procured by the Petitions or importunate sollicitations of any Grandees or other persons near about his Majestie but that they may bee bestowed upon able and deserving men and that the provision may bee to Offices not to the Persons that enjoie them And if any shall have or procure them contrarie to the tenour hereof the kingdom may not acknowledg such as Officers but that they may bee disabled to keep or execute any the aforesaid or other publick Offices Item that the said Offices of the Council Roial Alcaldes de Corte Chanceries or other Courts may not bee provided or possessed by such as com but newly from their Studies but by persons â—ndued with qualities and parts necessarie and fit for his Majesties service having been experienced and practised in the exercise of the Office of Counsellors at Law and Judges for the contrarie having been don hitherto hath been the occasion of great inconveâ—iences and dammages to these Kingdoms Item that the Judges of the Council Roial Chanceries and other Courts which Voted in the first sentences may not Vote nor sentence anie processes upon review but pass the View and Votes of such Suits by order to the Judges of another Court as is usual in Suits which by reason of discoâ—d are remitted from one Court to another for of the sentences pronounced by those of the Council and Judges of the said Courts beeing reviewed by them have proceeded and do proceed great inconveniencies For they shew themselvs very passionate and desirous to confirm their sentences defending them as if they were Advocates for the partie in whose favor they formerly had given sentence And that all Suits may bee determined by two Courts without any inconvenience that that those Writs may bee useless which they that are in Suit procure in like cases to make their Suits pass through all Courts Item That his Majestie provide and appoint a Superintendent to bee constant and resident in every one of the Courts and Chanceries as was accustomed in the time of the Catholick Queen Donia Isabel our Ladie and that they bee persons of Autoritie and good intention who may provide that the ordinances bee observed and see that the suites bee conformable thereunto That Clients applying themselvs to them may finde redress and help for their grievances and that his Majestie may bee informed by them of the State of his Courts and of the justice administred in them Item That the said offices of the Council Chancerie and Alcaldias bee not perpetual in regard it is so expedient for his Majestie 's service and the good of the Kingdoms That the Judges and Alcaldes may not hold themselvs Lords of those offices nor think it to bee an injurie to them to bee displaced and others appointed to officiate Concerning the Council and Courts THat the offices of the privie Council in what concerns the Kingdoms of Castilla and Leon and judges his Majestie 's Alcaldes de la casa e Corte Chanceries and all other offices of justice may not bee given to any strangers but to the inhabitants and natives of the said Kingdoms And that for this respect no act or letters pattents of naturalization may bee given and if any should bee given that they may bee respectively received but not fulfilled That the number of the judges of the Council of justice may bee twelve neither more nor less and those to bee of such qualities and parts as the Laws of the Kingdom do require Item That Suits bee determined in the Council and Chancerie in their order and as they stand registred and by the Courts where they are depending without joyning of any others to them That concerning this particular his Majestie may give no writs in derogation of ordinances Also that those which were to bee pleaded and determined in Chancerie bee not kept still nor removed by wrâ—ts to the Council And that those judges that can take recognisance of Suits and causes may not bee put by from hearing and determining the said Suits by writ or order from his Majestie And in case the judges bee suspected the Parties may have the remedie of appeal Or if his Majestie have given any such writs that hee revoke and annul them That henceforwards it may remain as a perpetual and inviolable Law that the Judges of the Council and Chancerie present or to com may not obey the said writs under pain of beeing deprived of their offices and paying one hundred thousand Maravediz each for his Majestie 's exchequer And that the same may bee observed in the writs which shall bee given by his Secretarie the Suites depending Item That those of the Council Judges of Courts and Chancerie and Alcaldes de Corte may not possess or hold more then one office And in case they should have two or more that they may bee taken from them and that they may receiv Salarie for no more then one office Item that matters of Justice which may bee prejudicial to the parties henceforwards may bee determined and dispatched by those of the Council and not by the privie Chamber for by this means things will bee carried according to Justice and without grievances Item that the Secretaries appointed for the Chamber may not have Vote in the Council of Justice concerning those matters which depend on private Writs
levie or recover any thing of that which some Cities Towns Villages and Corporations have expended in their own houses in feasting Bull-baitings or acts of Charitie although they do it from an ancient custom by vow or what other waie soëver they can pretend Item That the monies levyed by the Cruzadas and Compositiones which were granted for the war against the Moores costs and charges of the Armies which had been or are to bee raised against the enemies of our Catholick faith and to releiv the Kingdoms and Cities of Africa may bee expâ—nded and imployed to the same end for which they were granted and that they may not bee granted hereafter upon any other pretence whatsoëver nor the said monie or any part thereof may bee given or bestowed as a Merced or gratuitie upon any bodie becaus besides the publick dammage men's Souls are indangered by the not imploying it to the use for which it was granted Which if it were applyed to the proper and right intent the Royal Revenues would remain free for the service and augmentation of the Royal estate Item That the Mercedes and Librancas of any monie of those said Bulls Cruzadas and Compositiones which have been given to any particular persons as well natives as strangers may bee revoked and made void Concerning the Indies Isles and Continent THat henceforwards for ever no Mercedes may bee made of Indians whereby the Gold or any other Commodities may bee taken thence to anie person or persons of what qualitie soëver That these which hitherto have been may bee revoked for by that means their Majestie 's Roial Patrimonie hath been and will bee much damnified in stead of beeing advantaged by reason of the great quantitie of Gold exhausted thence Besides that they are used more like Infidels and slaves then Christians as they are Item that the hous of Contratacion at Sevilla for the Isles and Continent of the Indies may remain for ever in the said Citie and not bee removed to anie other Citie or place within this Kingdom or without In regard the said Citie of Sevilla is so famous and fit a place for it and it would bee a great hinderance to these Kingdoms and a disservice to their Majesties if it should bee altered Concerning Mercedes THat their Majesties or the succeeding Kings may not make anie Merced of goods confiscated or to bee confiscated or of anie part or parcel thereof to anie Judg or Judges who have given or are to give Sentence in the said Causes That the said Judges or anie of them may not receiv anie such Mercedes either in paiment or lieu of their Salaries or for Ayuda de Costa or in anie other kinde whatsoëver directly or indirectly either for themselvs or their wives children friends or kindred for by this means they beeing free from all covetousness and interests may with more equitie and Justice proceed and give their Sentence That whosoëver shall do the contrarie may bee obliged to restore four times as much into his Majesties Exchequer and that they may for ever remain incapable of enjoying the same or anie other publick Offices Item that their Majesties or their Successors may not give or make anie Mercedes or Librancas of goods and monie which hath not been brought into their Exchequer or in their own hands for by this means they will know what they give and how they endammage themselvs which not knowing they easily grant the said Librancas and Mercedes as their Majesties had given away in that nature great quantities of pearls and monie which if preserved had been sufficient to have mainteined their Roial Houshold without making such shifts as they were driven to by taking up monie at Interest or demanding Subsidies of the Subjects and Natives of their Kingdoms Item that their Majesties or their Successors may not give or grant anie Merced of goods demanded in their Majesties names or of the Roial Crown of these Kingdoms concerning which there is anie Suit depending unless sentence bee first pronounced against the possessors thereof and that they bee absolutely condemned That whatsoëver hath been done to the contrarie heretofore may bee revoked Otherwise it would hinder the free Administration of Justice according to right and equitie And that whosoëver should receiv or procure anie such Mercedes may for ever bee held incapable and unworthie of receiving for themselvs or others anie Merced from their Majesties or their Successors in these Kingdoms Item that their Majesties may pleas to revoke all Mercedes whatsoever which had been made or granted since the death of the Catholick Queen Donia Isabel as well by the Kings Don Fernando and Don Felipe as by Don Carlos our present Sovereign And whatsoever Confirmations have been made of anie Towns Villages Vassals Jurisdictions Salt-pits Mines of Gold and Silver Copper Lead Tin or Allum In regard besides that they are contrarie to the Laws of the Land the most illustrious and Catholick Queen Donia Isabel our Ladie did absolutely prohibit and forbid them when by her last Will and Testament shee left the government and rule of these Kingdoms to the charge and care of the Catholick King Don Fernando And that all this may bee applied to the proper use and benefit of the Roial Crown of these Kingdoms and that those persons who have obteined anie such Mercedes may make no further use of them hereafter Item forasmuch as since the deceas of the Queen Donia Isabel have been made divers Mercedes and manie Patents and Privileges of Gentilitie given for monie to several persons without anie just caus or consideration of services done to their Majesties that might deserv the said favour whereby the Towns Commonalties and those which paie the taxes have been much damnified and injured That their Majesties may revoke all such Patents Mercedes and Privileges whatsoever and those to whom they were given may not anie waies enjoie them And that henceforward no such Mercedes Patents or Privileges may evâ—r bee granted or bee in force to benefit those to whom they were given And that this may never bee derogated or abrogated with anie claus general or particular or by anie ordinarie or absolute Power Item forasmuch as contrarie to equitie and the tenour and foâ—m of the Laws of these Kingdoms have been granted and made divers Mercedes of the Reversion of Offices Benefices Dignities and other things in the hands of men yet living That their Majesties may revoke all of them without exception that hitherto have been made or granted either by their Majesties or their Predecessors That nothing in this nature bee ever granted hereafter and if anie should bee granted that they may not bee fulfilled nor take effect notwithstâ—â—ding any derogatorie clauses with penalties and confirmations whatsoever but to the end they may bee resisted and bee of no value that they may bear no penalâ—ies at all And that whosoever shall procure anie such Merced may bee made incapable of anie place in Court or
anie other publick Office Item that his Majestie discard and put away the Officers of his Roial Familie and Kingdom as Treasurers and their substitutes and all others whosoëver have behaved themselvs amiss in their offices to his Majesties great disservice the universal dammage of these Kingdoms who having as when they first entred into their Offices little or nothing of their own patrimonies and their profits much exceeding their expences have raised themselvs vaste Estates to the prejudice aswel of the publick good of the Kingdoms and the Natives thereof as the impairing and diminishing of the Roial Patrimonie Item That the offices of his Majestie 's Royal familie and the Kingdom those of the Royal Courts and the Alcaldes Fiscales or Attournies thereof Corregimientos Assistencias Alguazilagos Regimientos Veyntiquatrias Escrivanias of the Audiencias and Council and whatsoever other offices of the Cities Towns and Places of the Kingdoms which are at their Majesties and their successors disposal now and from this time forwards may never bee fold or given for monie or bestowed as Mercedes upon any who beeing unfit to execute the said offices may make sale of them in regard the sale of them is very detestable and forbidden by the Common Laws and rights of the Kingdoms for the great dammages and prejudices which have accrewed thereby to the good of the Publick And that the said offiâ—es may bee freely given and bestowed upon persons of sufficient parts and abilities to perform and execute them Item Tâ—at if the said offices or any of them bee provided otherwise or bestowed contrarie to the tenour and form mentioned in the precedent Article That they may bee held as vacant and whosoever is so placed in them may bee discarded And their Majestâ—e's and successors provide and bestow them as above said Item That the officers which are to serv in the Court or in any the Cities or Towns of these Kingdoms aswell of the Iuzgados as of the Veintequarto Escrivanias and other such like offices may not possess more then one office And if they bee such as may bee supplied by Substitutes or â—ievtenants that these may bee paied by the principal officers And that their Majesties or successors grant no stipend or Salarie to the said Substitutes nor the Principals consent thereunto under pain of losing their offices and others to bee put into their places Item as touching the Confirmations of the priviledges of the Right or Custom called Maravediz de Iuro That no confirmation of the said Priviledges may bee required and that their Majesties give Command to the officers who have raised great summs thereby to restore the said monie to the persons of whom they received it and that speedily and freely without any trouble or suit Item that those of the Offices Roial as well High Treasurers as those of the Cruzadas Compositions or the Islands and Continent of the Indieâ— may bee obliged to certifie and declare unto their Majesties and their Successors whatsoever debts remain conceâ—led and forgotten and all other things in the said Offices appertaining to the Roial Patrimonie but that they give no intelligence thereof to anie particular or private persons lest they should beg them under pain of paying twice as much into the Exchequer or Roial Patrimonie and of beeing deprived of the said Offices and made incapable not onely of them but all others Item that those who have had or have anie Office Roial or charge of the Registers of the Roial Revenues may not have the said Remainders of the farming thereof and in case anie have made use of them that hee or they bee obliged to paie the double of what hee hath received thereof into their Majesties â—xchequer and lose their Offices with the Salaries and benefits thereunto belonging Item that all those who have bought anie Offices since the deceas of the Catholick King Don Fernando which could not bee sold according to tâ—e Laws of the Land and the Contents of the preceding Articles may not execute the said Offices under pain of death and loss of good and their Majesties may provide and dispose them to other able and sufficient persons Concerning Residencia's THat all those Officers who had charge of his Majesties Estate in the time of the Catholick King Don Fernando his Grandfather may bee brought to an account for what they did in their Offices and Charges concerning his Majesties Estate aâ—d the Roial patrimonie which passed through their hands and that they produce these accounts before such persons as shall bee nominated and appointed by his Majestie and the Kingdom That his Majestie appoint and nominate these said persons within thirtie daies after these Articles and Laws bee granted by their Majesties and in case his Majestie doth not nominate anie within the said term of thirtie daies that then those Accounts may bee produced before such persons as the Kingdoms shall appoint who may receiv them for their Majesties Exchequer and condemn and laie penalties upon those whom they finde guiltie according to equitie and the Laws of the Kingdoms Item that the like Account bee also given by the Treasurers and other Officers whosoever have been encharged heretofore with the Cruzadas Bulls and Compositions or with the Gold and Pearls brought from the â—slands and Continent of the Indies and the same order to bee observed therein as is above-specified Item that those of the Council and the Officers of his Majesties Familie and Court who have been or are to bee dismissed may make their Residencia or render their accounts before the Persons mentioned in the preceding Arcicles Item that the said Officers bee thus called to account becaus they have given advise and notice of manie things which have been begged and given as Mercedes to the great Prejudice of the Roial Patrimonie which advices and informations they gave either to enjoie a share thereof themselvs or to purchase them wholly or to procure others to buie or farm them by which means for very small matters they have gained vaste sums of monie Therefore in regard this hath been a great dammage and prejudice to the Roial Patrimonie their Majesties may ratifie and allow the above mentioned persons to take the said Accounts and Residencia's And whatsoever shall bee thus discovered by them that it may all accrew to their Majesties Exchequer for if they had rightly and truly performed their Offices they ought to have given their Majesties those Informations and not to private persons Concerning Prelates and other Particulars THat the Bishopricks Archbishopricks Dignities Canonicates other Ecclesiastical preferments whatsoever or the pensions thereof may not bee conferred upon anie â—trangers but upon the Natives and Inhabitants of these Kingdoms That if anie were disposed of contrarie to the tenour hereof his Majestie may bee pleased by Apostolical Autoritie to order that they may bee resigned and conferred upon Natives of these Kingdoms satisfaction beeing given to those that are dispossessed of them to their full value in
Town or Village where their Residence is Contribution IN regard it is ordeined by the Laws of the Land that certain Towns and Villages which now are under the possession of som Noblemen should proportionably as the rest of their neighboring Cities and Towns bear a share in the Tributes and Contributions and Taxes for Hedges Bridges Fountains Watchmen Suits in Law Defences and enlargement of Territories yet by the favor of Noblemen and persons of great qualitie to whom they belong they do not observ or fulfil his Majesties Commands herein That henceforwards they may bee obliged to perform them and in case of default to lose their Offices and all the Salarie thereof and that the Lords of the said places may not oppose or do any thing to the contrarie under pain of losing the Lordship and proprietie of the said places or Towns which afterwards shall bee as Crown-Lands never to bee alienated from the Royal Patrimonie GENERALS FOrasmuch as his Majestie in the Parlaments which hee called at Valladolid and the Groyn did grant som things which for the profit and publick good of the Kingdoms ought to bee effected That his Majestie command all provisions and power necessarie for the performance thereof to bee given to the Cities Towns and other places of the Kingdoms Item that his Majestie give order to proceed rigorously against Antonio de Fonseca Alcalde Ronquillo Gutiere Quixada El Licenciado Iuanes and the rest that had any hand in the burâ—ing and destroying of the Town of Medina del Campo And that his Majestie approve and allow of what the Kingdom shall do concerning the confiscation of their or any of thâ—â—â— estates and goods Item that their Majesties approve the Assemblie which the Cities and Towns of the Kingdoms have made and do make to the end they may repair and remedie the exorbitancies and grievances of the Publick to make and ordain these Articles and all which they have done in order to the suspending of those of the Council and Officers of their Majesties Familie and Court placing and displacing Officers of Justice taking and demolishing of Forts pulling down of houses killing of men tumults and uproars and judging and sentencing other matters of the Kingdoms their endeavors in taking away all that might stop or hinder their proceedings herein and any other excess whatsoever as in the order and form of the premisses is conteined The assembling the people raising of Arms and the punishment which certain Cities and Commonalties have inflicted upon the persons houses and goods of â—om men whom they esteemed enemies to the publick good of the Kingdoms And that their Majesties acknowledg to bee well emploied all and every the sums of monie which they have taken out of the Roial Revenue and other things and disbursed in paiment of the said men and Armies or otherwaies in prosecution of the above-said premisses And whatsoever taxes they had imposed and recovered to that effect or expended in any kinde That their Majesties would command all to bee remitted and absolutely pardoned as also not onely their Assemblies and Councils of the Cities and Towns of the Kingdoms but likewise that every particular person or persons that had been active therein might bee free from anie trouble or question therefore in anie Courts civil or criminal That their Majesties would revoke and declare void all and everie information or informations commands sentences and provisions which those of the Council or the Alcalde Ronquillo or any other Judg whatsoever had made or given against any of the Cities or Towns of the Kingdoms or against any particular persons and that for this caus they nor any of them might bee deprived of their privileges or offices but might remain free and indemnified In regard they were moved thereunto out of their respects to their Majesties service and the publick good of the Kingdoms and for the encreasing preserving of the revenues and Patrimonie Roial in order to the obligations and duties which they owed to their natural Sovereigns according as the Laws of the Kingdoms have ordeined And that his Majestie would grant autorize and confirm the said Articles as a perpetual and inviolable Law for ever and that he would promise swear by God and his holie Evangelists never to revoke or consent to the revoking or altering of them or do or suffer to bee done any thing contrarie to their true intent and meaning in Parlament or out of Parlament And that hee would not demand of the Pope or other Prelate whatsoever any dispensation or absolution for the said oath and promise SECT III. THese Articles were sent to Flanders by those of the Iunta to bee delivered to the Emperor Antonio Vazquez de Avila carried one Copie of them and Maestro Fray Pablo a man of an exemplarie life and holie intentions onely blinded with a zeal for his Countrie seeing the Kingdom ruined another They went several waies but neither of them durst appear before the Emperor and som saie they never came into Flanders Antonio Vazquez de Avila arrived at length at Worms in Germanie which the Emperor hearing commanded him to bee apprehended and imprisoned in a Fort but after som time beeing better informed hee gave order to releas him Fray Pablo and Sancho Zimbron who went together hearing before they came to the Emperor how Antonio Vazquez had been welcomed went no further then Bruxels These Articles were applauded and held for holie things amongst the Commonaltie they said The Emperor must bee verie cruel if hee did not confirm them That those of the Iunta deserved an immortal Crown and a never-dying fame for their pains and care in making such excellent and holie Ordinances whereby their Kingdoms should bee made the happiest and most opulent in the world SECT IV. THe Lord Admiral beeing desirous to compose these differences and disorders of the Kingdoms before they broke out anie further resolved to go and convers with those of the Iunta at Tordesillas and beeing at Torrelobaton hee sent to them desiring that they would give him the libertie and safe conduct to go to them Those of the Iunta answered That they knew very well that his Lordship came to speak with them concerning the Commonalties of the Kingdoms but they desired him not to put himself to the trouble of coming thither until he had dismissed those Gentlemen with their souâ—diers out of Medina and his own lands those of the Council likewise in regard they disserved his Majestie and hindred the good of the Kingdom which don they should be very glad to serv him and shew him all the respects due to his person The Admiral replied that hee was well contented to discharge all those souldiers and send away all those of the Council except the Cardinal and the Lord High Constable of Castilla who were the Governors and principal men of the Kingdoms Those of the Iunta would not bee satisfied unless they were all sent away Whereupon they sent two Heralds
moved with a good zeal and affection to their Countries good came with all expedition to Rioseco to treat with the Lord Admiral and other Noblemen about some fair accommodation whereby the Kingdom might avoid the imminent perdition which through that unnatural war in all probabilitie it was like to suffer They found amongst the Nobles very courteous entertainment and expression of a desire to condescend to anie reasonable propositions all the difficultie and obstacle laie in those of the Iunta's Partie and especially in the Bishop of Zamora From Rioseco the President with the other Judges went to Villabraxima where the Bishop with his five thousand men was quartered The President beeing admitted entreated him with great earnestness and humilitie the tears standing in his eies to consider and leav off in time the evil and wrong cours they had taken and noâ— to give waie to much less to bee the occasion of so great mischiefs murthers and scandals which inevitably must fall upon the Kingdom if they continued inexorable alleging That it would bee much more advantageous for their Countrie 's good which they so much pretended to accept of an honorable peace and accommodation whereby with the help of God the Kingdoms might bee preserved from the present ruine and restored to their former flourishing condition for admit the Commoner meet with the success which they desire vanquish the Cavaliers reduce his Majestie to such streights that hee will bee glad to grant them more immunities then formerly they did desire yet they must live under him and when hee find's an occasion hee will put the yoke again about their necks and load them with taxes at his pleasure That these violent uproars and mutinies of the Commonalties in disrespect or disobedience to their Princes were fickle and very unsecure That those Gentlemen and Commanders which then engaged with them if fortune gave them victorie over their enemies would Lord it over them no less insupportably then the others neither did those Gentlemen Defendors of the Commonalties shew any great discretion setting themselvs in opposition to all the Grandees and Nobles of the Kingdom especially in a matter of so much prejudice and disservice to his Majestie That it would bee an act of greater wisdom to accept of any fair propositions of agreement to remain in peace with a due respect obedience to their Princes whereby to gain their loves and not to expose themselvs to the various uncertain Chance of War The Bishop answered Lord President Since in the condition and estate our business now stand's we have moved advanced hitherto I know what is convenientest for us to do and therefore I will not flinch nor recede one step but rather persevere in my enterprise and pursue to destruction those wicked disturbers of the Kingdoms The President seeing the Bishop would not hearken to what hee desired of him hee required him in their Majestie 's names by virtue of the Roial Seal which hee brought with him not to stir from thence until hee had been to confer about the same business with the Lord Admiral and other Noblemen at Rioseco but the Bishop gave him no answer thereunto neither did hee make any more account of him then if hee had been his servant this was the perfection of this great Prelate successor of the Apostles So the President the Judges leaving him went to Medina where by reason of the pervers Cross-grainedness of those of the Iunta they could effect nothing to any purpose and the Bishop's Conscience was pricked with such remors at the President 's discours and his tender heart so moved with his tears that hee scarce had turned his back but his Reverend Lordship called for his Armor for the head-piece and pouldrons were the Pontificial robes wherein hee most delighted And having commanded his Artillerie to bee secured in the Rear-guard hee marched forth with his men to encounter a great partie of Foot and thâ—ee hundred hors which hee had notice was advancing towards his quarters But they having intelligence that the Bishop was com forth in quest of them with a stronger Partie retreated to Rioseco By this time were com into the Armie of the Iunta three thousand souldiers more from the Citie of Leon besides great numbers from Valladolid and other places but chiefly Iohn de Padilla was exspected with a supplie from Toledo and Madrid SECT V. THose of the Council proceeded against those of the Iunta and all the Cities of their League according to Law and having erected a Scaffold they caused them publickly to bee proclaimed Traitors and Rebels to the Roial Crown Whereat they were so incensed that thenceforwards they fought not so much for the â—nterest of the Kingdom as for reputation and to revenge particular quarrels the off-spring of those troubles and dissentions or for ancient grudges betwixt particular persons or places The Bishop swore that hee would keep the field with his men onely until hee were either dead or crowned with Victorie The Cavaliers were as resolute on the other side insomuch that although the President of the Chancerie insisted for peace hee prevailed nothing The Cavaliers had manie skirmishes with the Bishop's men At last hee and Don Pedro Giron seeing that the Cavaliers would not com out to give them battle they sent a Trumpeter to them with this message That they should meet them in the field to the end they might in one battle set a period to all their Contentions which caused so great disturbances in the Kingdom That Winter was coming on apace and it was to no purpose to stand dallying in that manner and ruine one another by delaies That if they refused to fight they would go to their Towns and Lordships and having plundered them burn their houses to the ground But the Lord Admiral could not resolv to put all to so great a venture In Valladolid besides the men which they sent to the Armie as is said having mustered again they found seven thousand more Cross-bow-men Pike-men and Musketiers which they could well spare leaving moreover enough to guard the Citie whereupon they sent to the Iunta that shortly they should receiv another supplie from them and that if occasion served they would go everie man in person with their general Standard to serv them for they esteemed the Caus which they defended to bee Just and Holie SECT VI. THe Countess of Modica wife to the Lord Admiral beeing a very virtuous and devout Ladie was grieved at the Soul to see these disorders and miserable condition of the Kingdoms wherein so many innocent persons suffered and desiring to compose the sad differences shee spake to the Lord Admiral her husband and the Earl of Venavente earnestly desiring them to stop the current of those miseries which would proceed from that unnatural War The good Ladie prevailed so much that the Lord Admiral the Earl of Venavente Don Pedro Giron who called himself Duke of Medina
High Constable out of the Citie But hee seeing fair words and gentleness prevailed nothing at all with them determined to carrie it with an high hand and make them to submit per force having taken the Command of the Fort from them To bring this resolution to effect one daie hee drew up his souldiers and servants all in Arms in a broad place before his own hous thither repaired to him forthvvith Don Iohn de la Cerda Duke of Medina Cely Don Luis de la Cerda Marquis of Cogolludo his son Don Alonso de Arellano Earl of Aguilar Don Antonio de Velasco Earl of Nieva with his two sons Don Hernando de Bobadilla Earl of Chinchon Don Bernardino de Cardenas Marquis of Elche eldest son to the Duke of Maqueda and son in Law to the Lord High Constable besides divers other persons of honor with their kindred and servants who were all resolved to venture their lives with him in this design which the people perceiving they all assembled likewise intending to fight with these Noblemen and they were so near engaging that som Arrows were interchanged from each partie and the bullets began to flie also but the chief of the Citie seeing the advantage the Nobles had over the People they speedily sent to require and command the Commoners to bee quiet and peaceably laying down their Arms to obey the Commands of the Lord High Constable as their Vice-King and Governor which they did without much contestation and followed very submissively and quietly the Lord High Constable who went directly to the Fort requiring the Governor to deliver it him presently otherwise hee protested hee would enter it by force and execute Justice upon him and all the rest with him Som disputes and controversie there was thereupon but before night it was surrendered and the Lord High Constable put in another Governor for his Majestie placed a Corregidor in the Citie and re-established the government in the same manner it had been formerly Thus Burgos not beeing able to resist was pacified and reduced to the obedience of his Majestie wherein that Citie continued ever after SECT XVI THis done the Lord High Constable sent Don Iuan Manrique the Duke of Naxara's eldest son to suppress those of the Merindades and by reason hee was very young Martin Ruiz de AvendanÌ„â— and Gomez de Butron Gentlemen of great account in those parts and in Biscaya were appointed to go along with him beeing arrived there those Gentlemen carried the business so discreetly that there was a peace concluded betwixt the Lord High Constable and those of the Merindades But it lasted not long for Gonsalo de Barabona the Abbat of Rueda Garcia de Arce but chiefly Don Pedro de Ayala Earl of Salvatierra infringed it who was grown very powerful in those mountainous parts and so besotted with that inconsiderate passion that by his obstinacie hee brought himself to a miserable end to the utter ruine and destruction of one of the most honorable and most antient families of Castilla and the Mountains SECT XVII AT the time that most of the Cities of Castilla declared for the Commonaltie in the province of Alava and Citie of Vitoria that opinion was not generally received nor allowed although som did take the libertie to speak over lavishly especially against those of the Council In this season was brought to the said province and Citie of Vitoria a Letter from Burgos wherein that Citie as the chief of Castilla desired those of that province to send two persons whom they pleased to confer with them at Burgos At the same time were brought other Letters from the province of Guipuzcoa and the Countie of Biscaya desiring that they might all unite together The Citie of Naxara and Town of Haro desired that they would assist them against the Lord high Constable and the Duke of Naxara who they said did tyrannize too much over them Vitoria returned civil answers to all Burgos onely excepted to whom they would not write becaus they made themselvs their Superiors in styling that the Metropolitan Citie of Castilla for the Citie of Vitoria did presume that they and their province of Alava were absolute of themselvs without any dependencie or relation to Burgos as their Head But they sent Iohn de Alava who at that time was Merino Mayor that is Chief Judg of Vitoria to let their Embassadors understand by word of mouth the preheminence of that Countrie and that they could not condescend to the Union which they desired for they understood that Burgos had shaken hands with their obedience to his Majestie and they would not bee participant of their disloialtie This answer was no less unexpected then unwelcom to those of Burgos About the same time some Towns of the Province of Guipuâ—coa infected with the Common Contagion fell foul upon the Citie of San Sebastian becaus they would not approve of their extravagant opinions cutting down and spoiling their Orchards for they have no Vineyards and doing them divers other mischiefs But prevailing not there they wrote and held correspondence with divers other places by means of Pedro Ochoa de Santa Maria de Mondragon a subtil fellow who was their Mercurie At length Vitoria tainted with the same diseas had joyned in confederacie with them but that Diego Martinez de Alava Deputie-General of that province with others his allies and kinsmen endeavored to restrain them from a design so wicked and prejudicial to his Majestie SECT XVIII THe Earl of Salvatierra beeing at difference with Madama Margarita his Ladie insomuch that hee would not live with her shee addressed her complaints to his Majestie of her grievances and of the indignities which through his cross and unworthie disposition shee was enforced to suffer Whereupon it was ordered by his Majestie that the said Countess with her Children should remain in Vitoria and that the Earl should allow them maintenance according to their qualities and an exprâ—ss Command from his Majestie was sent to Diego Martinez de Alava Deputie general of that Province to see the said order punctually observed who desiring to execute this Command by the Autoritie and means of the Council the Earl thought to counterpois that power by making the Commonaltie of his side who did him little good in this particular although those of the Iunta sent to that Province and to the Citie of Vitoria a Judg called Antonio Gomez de Ayala who afterwards was executed for a notorious Commoner at Valladolid with orders and power to give sentence in favor or against any that should bee brought before him his addresses were particularly to the Earl of Salvatierra to the end that hee might assist and support him The Eaâ—l gave him fiftie men who attended on him at his coming into Vitoria which the Deputie Diego Martinez de Alava and Pedro Martinez his brother with others of their kindred seeing and knowing that hee brought particular orders against them from the Iunta at Tordesillas
the several Cities with the Bishop of Zamora and Iohn de Padilla agreed to draw all their forces into the field to stop all correspondence betwixt Valladolid and Tordesillas that the Treatie might not go forwards and to destroie and spoil all the Towns or houses they could thâ—t belonged to any of the Gentrie in Tordesillas With this resolution the Bishop of Zamora Iohn de Padilla with his Toledians Iohn Zapata with those from Madrid Iohn Bravo Captain of the Segovians and Francisco Maldonado who commanded the men of Avila and Salamanca went to the Iunta desiring that they would appoint a Captain General over them all and it is reported out of craft thereby to render him more odious to the Common People that they press'd to have that office conferred upon Don Pedro Lasso which plot was imputed to Iohn de Padilla who never was Don Pedro's friend The Iunta to satisfie them did name Don Pedro but hee desired som time to think upon it before hee would accept it and those that bare him no good will began to divulge his beeing made General in a disparaging manner saying It was more honor then hee deserved in regard hee had given them so much reason to suspect his fidilitie for holding correspondence with the Governors to sell them and that Iohn de Padilla was much more fit for that Command This was so much buzz'd amongst the people that they began to murmur highly against Don Pedro. The mutinie growing to such an height that Don Pedro and his friends not thinking themselvs secure prepared to make resistance in case they should assault them in their houses as som gave out they would And they saie the very school-boys instructed by their masters so to do ran crying up and down the streets Let Iohn de Padilla bee General and not Don Pedro Lasso The Bishop of Zamora sent him word that his safest waie would bee to absent himself from the Citie or at least to retire into some secret place for the people were very jealous of him and in their furie would bee apt to do him some displeasure but this was onely a plot to entrap him Don Pedro very resolutely returned the Bishop this answer That hee had done nothing that hee was ashamed of or ought to run awaie for and that hee would not stir out of his hous if the people had any thing to saie to him there they should finde him The people's design upon Don Pedro Lasso beeing publickly known some principal persons of the Citie came amongst them and so handled the matter that they all retired to their houses and there was no harm done SECT XXXIV THose of the Junta beeing in consultation about the ordering of their Armie for there was no more thought of peace some said that it was very requisite that they should have a Captain General and although Iohn de Padilla had executed the office ever since Don Pedro Giron had left it yet hee had not his Commission from the Junta neither had the present Armie which the several Cities had raised acknowledged him Som stood for Don Pedro Lasso de la Vega but the major part of the Junta and all the Common people Voted for John de Padilla Hee seeing that they would make him their Captain General out of a feigned modestie refused it earnestly desiring them all to give their Votes rather for Don Pedro Lasso who was more worthie and capable of so high a Charge then hee not that hee declined their service however but hee would content himself with the Command of the two thousand men which hee brought from Toledo with whom and with his own person hee would serv the Commonaltie to the last breath The people hearing that John de Padilla was like to bee outed they came crying in a tumultuous mannertothe Junta and presâ—ing them to make John de Padilla their General for no man els should bee And thinking that Dom Pedro Lasso was the onely man that hindred the election of John de Padilla the multitude ran presently to apprehend him in his hous laying to his charge that hee had used means to reduce them to his Majestie 's service that hee had been caus that the Cavaliers had taken Tordesillas having been in the conspiracie with Don Pedro Giron But the Bishop and John de Padilla followed and staied them in the great market place Assoon as ever the rabble saw the Bishop and him they flocked round about them crying out Let John de Padilla live let the Bishop live long may live John de Padilla who take's away the taxes of Castilla In this manner did the multitude carrie him up and down the market place hooting and shooting as if they had been all mad insomuch that Iohn de Padilla could not speak to them if hee would have said any thing they kept so horrid a nois saying Hee should bee their General and no other Iohn de Padilla and the Bishop seeing this fond madness of the people withdrew themselvs into a hous out of a window whereof Iohn de Padilla spake to them in this manner Sirs You know how I came hither Captain for the Citie of Toledo in favor of the Commonaltieâ— of this Kingdom to serv you you must know likewise that Toledo is not inferior to Valladolid but a fâ—iend to it and all the other Cities of the Kingdom who all agreed to send mee to assist you and with the same affection and willingness I have performed my part and whil'st I have breath I will omit nothing wherein I may serv you and I thank you for your good wills to mee But the Lords of the Iunta have determined to choos a Captain General for thir Expedition Believ mee sirs it is most fit that place should go by Election and I assure you that I was the first man that made that motion for that is the best and safest waie moreover those Gentlemen know very well what they do Hee scars had uttered these words but they all cried out Wee will have none but John de Padilla and the Bishop Thus they continued for the space of a long hour and more Iohn de Padilla entreating them to give their consents that Don Pedro Lasso might execute that office for nevertheless hee should bee readie to spend his father's and his own estate besides the ventring of his life in that Holie Caus for the service of the Commonaltie But no reason would stop their mouths they still continued crying hee and non els should bee their Captain Which obstinacie of the people beeing reported to those of the Iunta they Voted Iohn de Padilla Captain General of â—ll their forces From that daie forwards Don Pedro Lasso began to relinquish the Commonaltie and divers of his friends did the like seeing how blind and void of reason the people were and how much prejudice they did themselvs in following a people so overswaied with passion and the greatest part of them too but men of mean
Whilest they were in a treatie during the eight daies of Truce two things hapned which destroyed all the Impostume or poison wherewith their hearts were swoln bursting out into the disorders which in this Book shall bee related and shall conclude this deplorable Historie Insomuch that the clouds which hung over Castilla threatning a cruel storm were all dissipated in one short and not bloodie battle betwixt the Cavaliers and the Commoners in the plain of Villalar the success whereof struck such remors of Conscience into the people's hearts and the Cities acknowledging their errors returned to their obedience unto him whom God had given them for their King serving and loving him as shall bee â—een hereafter During the fore-mentioned occurrences Francisco de Mercado Corregidor of Medina del Campo with twentie hors which in those daies were called Esquiers and other persons who by command of the Iunta were coming to Valladolid at the pass over the River Duero which is two leagues from Valladolid and one from Simancas they were encountred by a partie of one hundred and fiftie light-hors of the Earl of OnÌ„ate's who were going to seek adventures Four of those of Medina were killed upon the place Francisco de Mercado the Master of the Ordnance and two more were taken prisoners and carried to Simancas Notice hereof beeing given at Valladolid they sent out a strong partie to rescue them but it was too late and the Corregidor of Medina who was immediatly released again hindred them somwhat for meeting with them hee told them They might go back again for the business was nothing But afterwards knowing the truth of the storie they apprehended the Corregidor of Medina for a suspicious person laying to his charge the loss of those men and would have executed him presently but upon more serious consideration they held it best to dissemble and forbear a while lest they should thereby indanger the lives of those that were prisoners at Simancas So they sent first to demand them making great complaints that during the Truce they should commit such acts of hostilitie and break their words with them But they found no amends SECT II. THat which chiefly incensed the mindes of all the Commonaltie was that before the time of the Truce was exspired there was set up they knew not by whom in the market place of Valladolid a Proclamation made and signed by the Governors of the Kingdom wherein they named divers Citizens of Valladolid Toledo Salamanca Madrid Guadalaxara Murcia Segovia Toro Zamora and all the rest of the Commonalties to the number of five hundred persons and som Gentlemen declaring them Traitors Violaters of their faith to God and their King and calling the Bishop and Iohn de Padilla and other Officers of the Commonaltie treacherous enemies to his Majestie This was dispatched in Burgos and proclaimed with great solemnitie before Anton Gallo Chancellor and Secretarie of his Majestie 's Council then at Burgos and divers other persons of note The names of the parties mentioned beeing very many and that importing little or nothing to the substance of the Historie I shall not trouble the Reader therewith SECT III. VAlladolid in revenge of this Proclamation set up against them and the rest of the Commonalties the next daie after it was found in the market place they pasted upon the door of Santa Maria Church which is now the Cathedral a Paper with a direction to the Citie of Valladolid animating them to persevere in their holie purpose and not to bee intimidated for any practices of the Enemies or bee troubled at their reviling them with such opprobrious terms and encouraging all those of the Commonaltie to make all forces possible and march speedily into the field with so numerous an Armie that the sight of them onely should serv to overcom their enemies without fighting by which means they should save the lives of many men which would bee lost if their Armies met with equal strength besides the hazard to which they should expose their Caus. And if they were successful the War would bee at an end peace and plentie vvould encreas the libertie and publick good of the Kingdom ensue and the name of Traitors remain upon the Conquerred vvho never vvould dare to face them again This vvith som other things to the same effect vvas the substance of that Paper vvhich the Common people read vvith great content and applaus crying it up exceedingly and sending copies of it through the vvhole Kingdom SECT IV. Padilla's staying so long at Torrelobaton was very prejudicial to the Commonalties for besides that hee lost many men hee gave the Cavaliers time to recruit and strengthen themselvs notably whereas questionless if hee had fallen upon Tordesillas assoon as hee had taken in Torrelobaton hee had driven them to extraordinarie straits But he remained there hugging himself with that small victorie and the applaus of the people which hee had thereby procured Hee fell to repairing the walls which hee had battered down as if hee intended to make that the seat and residence of his Armie which lasted not long after The Cities of Toro and Zamora sent him som fresh supplies whereof the Cavaliers having notice they sent out a Partie of seven hundred Lances to cut off their waie and their lives too if they could near Pedrosa they met and after a prettie hot skirmish the Cavaliers forced them into the Town where they besieged them close but Iohn de Padilla having notice of his men's distress soon came to reliev them with three thousand Foot and five hundred Hors leaving a sufficient Guard in Torrelobaton whom when the Cavaliers saw with so great force they made their retreat good to Tordesillas And Iohn de Padilla marched with his men to Castromonte another Town of the Lord Admiral 's and having taken it left a Garrison in it and thence returned to Torrelobaton intending to exspect the succor for which hee had sent to the Cities of his Combination in the mean time hee repaired and fortified the Town as I said before lest the Cavaliers of Tordesillas should fall upon him before the forces hee exspected were com to him There hee began to be sensible of his own ill government and of the dammage which hee received by his too great confidence which soon after hee more plainly saw to the loss of his libertie and life For it is a blindeness and imperfection of a man's intellect to thrust himself upon imploiments beyond the reach of his capacitie and having undertaken them to bee râ—miss in the execution of them To bee the occasion of any troubles or disturbance in a Common-wealth is not Justifiable but beeing once ingaged it is an act of prudence for a man to bee vigilant and active in the atchievment of his design SECT V. IT were unjust that the great zeal wherewith the Lord high Admiral of Castilla was moved to reduce the people of that Kingdom which were up in Arms by fair means and
without bloodshed to peace and due obedience to his Majestie should pass without mentioning for the eternal memorie of so noble a person and the honor of his generous familie who as it is well known was of the blood Roial Having advertisment that DonÌ„a Maria Pacheco Mendoça wife to Iohn de Padilla had a great hand with her husband and might contribute much to the withdrawing him from that imployment nay that hee had done the more by her instigation and spurring him on And that Pedro Lopez de Padilla his father was yet living in Toledo but very old and decrepit the Lord Admiral sent a Gentleman one of the Emperor's servants to them with instructions full of prudent and sage counsels and advice and strong arguments to convince and persuade them to induce Iohn de Padilla to moderate his over-violent passion and admit of a Treatie with him advising him not to bee so extreme careful and earnest in advancing the affairs of Valladolid as to forget his own assuring him that if hee would as then it was in his power but contribute his consent to the concluding of a Peace hee would not onely procure a pardon from his Majestie of all past-offencers but set him highly in his esteem and obtein divers favors and Mercedes to bee confirmed upon him and his children These and divers other good remonstrances hee gave Alonso de QuinÌ„ones to urge at Toledo to the above-named persons but hee might gave saved that labor SECT VI. THose of the Iunta hearing of the great Power which the Earl of Salvatierra had assembled in the Mountains wherewith hee had possessed himself of the Artillerie which was coming from Navarra to the Cavaliers and of the Forces which the Bishop of Zamora had in the Kingdom of Toledo besides those which were with Iohn de Padilla had their hearts at eas thinking their game cock-sure Moreover divers of the Kingdom who had look'd on till then seeing the Grandees so hard bestead took up Arms to make good the Caus of the Commonaltie And had things been as those of the Commonaltie could have wished they would have had partakers and abettors enough But there is no Law in this life for the good or the evil to overcom or bee overcom for favorable or an advers fortune Yet seeing themselvs in so good a condition and highly resenting the Proclamation which was published by the Governors against them and the Cities they resolved to paie them in the same coin They fulminated a Process as they pleased themselvs and having commanded a great Scaffold to bee erected in the chief market-place of Valladolid adorning it with hangings of rich cloth of gold and silk and steps and seats placed in good order on Sundaie the 17 of March 1521 all the Commissioners of the Iunta and Deputies with a great number of Attendants and sound of trumpets drums and other musick came and seated themselvs upon it Before them went the Kings at Arms with the Maces and Coats of the Kingdom and beeing placed in their throne their Attornie general read with a loud voice That they had made a process against the Admiral and Constable of Castilla the Earl of Venavente Earl of Haro Earl of Alva de Lista Earl of Salinas Maâ—quis of Astorga the Bishop of Astorga against the Secretaries and other Officers of the evil Council for so they termed his Majestie 's Council and against the High Treasurers and under Treasurers the Merchants and other Inhabitants of Burgos Tordesillas â—imancas and other places declaring them Traitors and breakers of the Truce expressing divers reasons especially the burning of Medina del Campo with the cruel and inhumane sacking of Tordesillas wherein they alleged the Cavaliers shewed neither respect to God nor his Saints nor the person of the Queen who was present and that two Souldiers without fear of God or their own consciences broke into a Church and stript the image of our Ladie and cut off one of her arms for greediness of som gold which there was upon it That som others took away the Custodia whereof one eat up the consecrated Hostia They ripped up a thousand more such like things which I shall now omit to rehears Thus our Spaniards treatâ—d each other beeing all of the same Nation and language and yet all this was for their King's service as they pretended and to free the Kingdom from Tyrants SECT VII AFter this the War grew very hot and their passions on both sides implacable and no daie passed without some sallying out of the Garrisons to robb and spoil each other Som Companies of musketiers having notice of provisions and munition that was carrying to Tordesillas marched out of Torrelobaton to intercept them Whereof the Earl of Haro beeing informed took a stout partie of hors with him and gave such a hot charge to Iohn de Padilla's men that hee left divers of them dead upon the place and took one hundred and fiftie prisoners which so scared the rest that they never durst quatch afterwards nor make any incursions upon his Territories as when they came first thither they boasted they would do Those of Medina del Campo roving in like manner on the other side the Earl of Haro with all the Nobles and Gentrie in Tordesillas except the Lord Admiral whom in respect of his age and charge of Governor they desired to staie with the Queen went one daie purposely to face it and scour the whole Countrie about it at whose appearing those of the Town sallied forth and skermished with them in which encounter some of them were sorely wounded others taken prisoners amongst whom was Alonso Luys de Quintanilla their Captain Son to Don Luys Quintanilla to whom as is alreadie said those of the Iunta committed the charge of her Majestie when they took Tordesillas Iohn de Padilla having intelligence from some Inhabitants of Tordesillas of the Earl of Haro's grand sallie Determined with his Armie to assault it in his absence and put the Governors to a rout and some report that hee had a promiss from those inhabitants to make one of the Gates for him Which beeing told the Lord Admiral and that Iohn de Padilla was alreadie upon his march hee sent word immediately to the Earl of Haro who lost no time after this notice but with all his gallant partie came thundring back to Tordesillas which Iohn de Padilla perceiving hee durst not prosecute his design but wheeled back to his Garrison of Torrelobaton After this they remained some daies prettie quiet without any encounter or action considerable For by reason of Iohn de Padilla's obstinate resolution of staying in Torrelobaton his Armie was so diminished that hee had not men enough left to make a sallie of any consequence Wherefore hee sent to Salamanca Toro Zamora and other Cities demanding fresh supplies On the other side the Governors agreed to put in effect what they had discussed amongst themselvs which was That the Lord high Constable coming
they having intelligence thereof soon railed their siege and returned to Toledo for fear of beeing put to the worst Some daies after Don Alonso de Caravajal brother to Don Diego beeing quartred with some light-hors-men at Maxcareque four leagues from Toledo six hundred Foot and fiftie Hors sallied out of the Citie and taking by-waies that they might not bee discovered by the Enemie's Centinels by break of day they fell upon the Village surprised Don Alonso and his men and carried them all prisoners to Toledo before any of their partie could com to rescue them They did several other such exploits and on the other side the Prior did them what mischief hee could The Governors were much troubled hereat but could not pass with their Armie to Toledo until they had quieted all the old Castilla But that which put them to the greatest plunge was the news of the King of France his Armie advancing into the Kingdom of Navarra It was told them that Padilla's wife with all her kindred in Toledo mainteined and fomented chiefly this humor in the Inhabitants therefore they resolved to send thither and use som means to get her out of the Citie believing that if shee were gon thence the rest might bee more easily reduced To this effect they sent a Captain with a few men disguised who offered himself to go to Toledo and carrie her out of the Citie by fair means or by foul Being arrived at Toledo hee went directly to the Fort where DonÌ„a Maria was desiring to speak with her But the people having some intelligence of his designe presently made an Alarme and came in great multitudes to the Castle where finding the Captain in discours with DonÌ„a Maria they straight laid hands on him and flung him out at the window which beeing high hee broke himself all to peeces with the fall after this they cut the throats of all those that came with him insomuch that the Citie was in greater disorder by this means then before In the moneth of September 1521. the French beeing beaten out of Navarra the Governors were in the minde to march with all their forces into the Kingdom of Toledo and subdue that Citie but they were again diverted by a second intelligence which was brought them that the King of France was come to Bayona vvith a very povverful Armie And Don Antonio de ZunÌ„iga vvho had begun that enterprise beeing desirous to bring his design to perfection drevv all his forces out of their Garrisons and pitcht his Camp before the Citie on the one side the River and Don Iohn de Ribera had his men quartred neer the Citie on the other Don Antonio had with him eight hundred lances which scoured all the Countrie about and had daily smart skermishes with the Toledians vvherein divers fell on both sides In this expedition vvas Don Pedro de Guzman third Son as you have heard to the Duke of Medina Sidonia vvho beeing yong and full of mettle and ambitious to shevv his valor engaged himself too far amongst the enemies by vvhom hee vvas taken close by the Castle of San Sernan so desperately vvounded that the Toledians vvere enforâ—'t to carrie him off the field upon a board hee not beeing able to go any other vvaies DonÌ„a Maria Pacheco beeing at a vvindovv in the Fort obsâ—rved vvith great attention all the passages of the fight and distinguishing Don â—edâ—o from the rest shee vvas much taken vvith him seeing â—im bâ—have himself so gallantly And beeing brought to the Fort shee vvent out to receiv him partly out of respect to Pedro's noble birth but chiefly out of a private inclination vvhich proceeded from the esteem shee made of his valor and animositie Shee treated him vvith much civility and demonstrations of affection commeâ—ding highly his provvess vvhereof her eies vvere vvitnesses and told him that his generositie vvas vvorthie of an eternal mâ—morie onely this was wanting him that his Valor was not emploied in the King's service and in favor of the Citie of Toledo for the Commonalties pretended in all the Cities That whatsoever they did was in order to his Majesties service DonÌ„a Maria would suffer none of Pedro's retinue to staie with him or any bodie els to visit him neither would shee permit him to write to Antonio's Camp But treating him with very great care and complements shee spared nothing that was necessarie for his recoverie his wounds beeing throughly cured shee endeavored to win him to their side promising that if hee would renounce the other partie they would make him General of the forces of Toledo But finding her time lost in persuading him shee resolved to get him exchanged for other prisoners which Don Antonio had taken of the Toledians which was done for the better effecting whereof those of Toledo gave Don Pedro his Parolle for eight daies to go to his Uncle's Armie having made him swear first that hee would return again in case hee procured not the libertie of those whom they demanded Amongst other exceptions which they made him renounce in the Oath they administred to him one was Thâ—t hee should not allege that those of Toledo were Traitors and therefore hee was not obliged to make good his Word or Oath to them which was fulfilled accordingly The Citie was very well provided for a long time and they had broken down all the Mills for twelv leagâ—es compass that Antonio's men might have no means â—o grinde their corn They took all the Plate of Silver and Gold out of the Cathedral Church which beeing coined did much enrich them and made them so stout that they said They would never consent to Peace unless there were first a pardon general granted for the whole Kingdom of Spain and that Don Pedro Lasso de la Vega were delivered into their hands for they said hee was the principal caus of all those Troubles and the onely man that put them upon that insurrection SECT XXIV THe Marquis of Villena beeing entred into Toledo by consent of the Citie began to bring them to a right understanding whereupon hee wrote to the Governors that they might follow their business in Navarra as for the Toledians hee would undertake to reduce them to their due obedience The Governors glad to bee eased of an affair of such care and trouble emploied all their industrie and force to resist the incursions of the French as shal bee said hereafter Hernando de Avalos and som othâ—r of the Inhabitants would gladly have received a pardon from the Marquis of Villena's hands therefore beeing sent to by them hee came accompanied with the Earl of Oropesa and som Hors and Foot but nothing could bee effected for the contrarie Partie mutinied in such a tumultuous manner that the Marquis was forced to go out of the Citie after hee had spent som daies time to procure a Peace The same effect had the endeavors of Don Diego de Cardenas Adelantado of Granada Duke of Maqueda who with the same
intention came to Toledo very well attended and was driven out by the Common people Such was the confusion of that Citie which DonÌ„a Maria Pacheco did uphold with as much courage as if shee had been a Captain long exercised in Martial affairs and therefore shee was generally callâ—d la Muger valerosa the valiant Woman The report goe's that shee made use of the Crosses in stead of Colors and to excite the people to compassion shee made her son to bee carried up and down the streets upon a Mule with a mourning Hood and Cloak on and in a Streamer the picture of her husband Iohn de Padilla beheaded Divers other things were said of her it may bee they were but feigned Amongst the rest That shee had a fancie that shee should bee a Queen which was put into her head by som Morisco witches at Granada At length her partie began to weaken and diminish Don Estevan Gabriel Merino prevailing against her who shewed himself a person of great conduct and prudence This Prelate who afterwards was Cardinal of San Vidal then governing the Bishoprick of Iaen and beeing Dean of Toledo assisted by the Marshal Payo de Ribera and other â—entlemen of that Citie having routed DonÌ„a Maria and her adherents turned them out of Toledo and shee having disguised herself in a Countrie-woman's habit and riding upon an Ass with som Gees in her hands escaped otherwise shee had lost her head aswel as her Husband So shee spun out the rest of her daies in exsile After this the Citie was reduced and enjoied the benefit of the general pardon with other good conditions which by reason of the War of Navarra were granted them and as they desired neither Don Iohn de Ribera nor any of his kindred were permitted to com into the Citie until the King returned into Spain they received Don Estevan Gabriel Merino and Doctor Zumel for their chief officers of Justice They pull'd down Padilla's hous to the ground which done they ploughed it and sowed it with Salt becaus the soil where the Captain of so great troubles and mischiefs had his birth and habitation should not produce so much as grass or weeds erecting there a pillar with an Inscription declaring the manner of his life and deplorable end SECT XXV ALthough the whole Kingdom almost was reduced the fear of punishment exceeding the hopes they had of carrying on their design Yet the Fort of Fermosel which was under the command and properly belonging to the Bishop of Zamora stood peremptorily upon their defence The Governors hereupon sent the Earl of Alva de Lista with a competent number of men to take it who requiring the Governor to deliver it to the Emperor hee answered that hee kept it in the Bishop of Zamora's name for his Majestie that if his Majestie did com thither and bring the Bishop with him whom the Duke of Naxara had taken prisoner hee would presently surrender it otherwise not The Earl laid siege to it hereupon but to small purpose for it was very strong The Duke of Naxara not long after sent to the Governors desiring them to command the siege to bee raised before â—ermosel becaus it belonged to his son the Bishop having â—xchanged it with him The Governors gave order forthwith that the Earl of Alva should give them Truce for twentie daies whilest they sent to the Emperor to know his Majesties pleasure The taking of the Bishop of Zamora was in this manner Hee seeing all his partie routed and that it was no boot for him to staie in Spain resolved to make France his refuge But beeing in the confines of Navarra at the same time the French King made his attempt upon that Countrie at a place called Villamediana a league from LogronÌ„o although hee had disguised himself hee was discovered and taken prisoner by an Alferez named Perote Who carried him thence to Navarrete a Town two leagues from Naxara where hee delivered him to the Duke Don Antonio who kept him there until the Emperor commanded him to bee carried to the Castle of Simancas where hee ended his daies as you shall hear SECT XXVI THe Citie of Valladolid wrote to the Lord Admiral desiring him to stand their friend as his Ancestors had done in former times Whereunto hee returned a very kind answer assuring them all the favor hee could do them or procure them from his Majestie so that they continned their contrition and acknowledgment of their errors and refrained from acting any thing misbecoming the obedience of Loyal and faithful subjects And to conclude this tedious relation I shall tell you onely that the Emperor beeing returâ—ed into Spain called a Counsel in Palencia where hee consulted of and concluded a general pardon for the whole Kingdom But some of the Commoners beeing brought to execution as shall bee hereafter mentioned the Castillians not knovving what had past in his Majesties Counsels began to bee possest with fears For the absolute distruction and banishing whereof the Emperor upon the 28th of October 1522 caused a great scaffold to bee erected in the chief market place of Valladolid and covered with rich cloth of gold and silk whereon his Majestie cloathed with long robes after the Antient manner all his Grandees and Council about him beeing seated his Attornie General with a rich Herald's Coat and one of the Clarks of the Exchequer named Gallo having made a long narration of the troubles and insurrections of Castilla read with a distinct loud voice the general pardon which his Majestie granted to the whole Kingdom wherein were excepted onely some threescore or fourscore persons whom in regard the greatest part of them were but ordinarie people some of them Friers and others already punished I shall not trouble my self to particularize onely the execution of Don Pedro Pimentel de Talavera who was taken at the battle of Villalar and his head was cut off in the publick place of Palencia The Commissioners of Guadalaxara and Segovia with some others beeing prisoners at la Mota de Medina del Campo the Alcalde Leguizama was sent thither to do Justice upon them Beeing there arrived hee commanded seven of them to bee brought out of the Common Gaol vvhere they were put with ropes about their necks and set upon Asses until they came into the chief market place of Medina where all their heads were cut off In the Citie of Vitoria a skinner of Salamanca and two or three more of his complices were executed on Fridaie the 14th of August 1522. That which was chiefly laid to the charge of the Commissioners and other Gentlemen vvas their daring to take possession of the Queen at Tordesillas turning avvaie the Marquis of Denia and his Ladie vvho had commands from his Majestie to attend her person And besides that some of them held correspondence vvith the King of France SECT XXVII THe Bishop of Zamora beeing taken as is related vvas brought aftervvards prisoner to the Fort of
Simancas vvhere hee continued a good while During which time with a brick which hee had cunningly put into a bag wherein hee used to carrie his Breviary hee knockt out the Governors brains that had charge of him beeing in discours with him by the fire side So leaving the father dead hee had made his escape but that his Son discovered him and having brought him back lock'd him into his Chamber without doing any thing els to him for murthering his father which was held and commended for a peice of great wisdom and patience in the yong man The Emperor upon notice hereof commanded the Alcalde Ronquillo to go thither who having too much Justice on his side and bearing no great affection to the Bishop by vertue of a licence the Emperor had from Pope Adrian to punish the said Bishop and other Priests and Friers for their exorbitances bearing date the 7th of March 1523. Hee câ—used him to bee strangled within the said Fort And some report that hee hung him upon one of the Pinacles of the Tower to the end hee might bee a spectacle to all that passed that waie This was done contrarie to the Emperor's knowledg and it grieved him very much although hee had reason and power enough to do it This was done Anâ— 1526. SECT XXVIII THe end whereunto Don Pedro de Ayala Earl of Salvatierra was brought may serv for an example of the various vicissitudes of Fortune in this life After hee was taken hee was carried to Burgos where hee was kept prisoner in the Earl of Salinas his hous where hee was let blood to death Anno 1524 the Emperor then beeing at Burgos after which hee was carried to his grave his feet hanging bare over the Bier with irons upon them exposed to the publick view of all This unfoâ—tunate Earl was reduced to so much povertie beeing forsaken of all his friends in his imprisonment that hee had nothing to eat but a poor mess of pottage which Leon Picardo a domestick servant and Painter to the Lord High Constable somtimes brought him His son Don Athanasio de Ayala then Page to the Emperor out of compassion and pietie which a childe oweth to his father sold a hors which hee had to buie the Earl victuals for which the Master of the Pages would have him punished and complained of him to the Emperor whereupon the Emperor calling Don Athanasio to him and asking him for his hors hee presently answered That hee had sold him to buie Victuals for his father The Emperor was so far from beeing displeased at so pioâ—â— an act that hee forthwith commanded fortie thousand Maravediz to bee given him Thus this great Earl who as hee said of himself was lineally descended from the mightie Gothes ended his daies by an untimely death SECT XXIX THe Emperor beeing desirous to express the Contentment which hee received by the Pacification of his Kingdoms and that hee might shew himself a gracious Prince to those that had offended his Majestie in so high a measure hee commanded that two daies after the general pardon was proclaimed there should bee great Feasts celebrated in Valladolid with great solemnitie with Tiltings fighting on hors-back with Bulls and a Turnament or Just-Royal And the Emperor himself beeing in compleat Armor and so disguised that no bodie could know him entered the List and brake several Lances with those that had gotten the greatest honor that daie behaving himself with such dexteritie courage and gallantrie that hee drew the eies of all the Spectators upon him and kindled a curiositie in their brests to know who hee was which beeing discovered their gusts increased with their admirations Light-winged Fame having filled the World with the Emperor 's good success many Princes and Embassadors from all parts thereupon came flocking to his Court The King of England sent his Embassadors and Don Luis de Silva in the King of Portugal his Master's name came to congratulate his Majestie 's return his reception of the Imperial Crown and the pacification of the troubles in Spain desiring moreover that hee would give order that the Castillians might go no more into the Moluccas which his Majestie remitted to bee determined by judicious and experienced men SECT XXX HIs Majestie 's goodness and clemencie to his Subjects had it been in the antient Greek's or Latine's ages should have been celebrated with a never dying memorie since of so many offendors so few were excepted in the general Pardon and well near all those too obteined an exemption from all punishments aswel of Persons as Estate And the Nobles were restored to the same height of honor and esteem as they possessed formerly the Emperor shewing as much favor and liberalitie towards them and their children as if they never had committed any offence against him Whosoever take's the pains to peruse the historie of these fore-related Commotions will finde that Hernando de Avalos a Gentleman of Toledo was one of the greatest sticklers for the Commonalties one of the chief Ring-leaders of these disorders and one that persevered in them with as great obstinacie and perversness as might bee for which hee was excepted yet nothing was done to him But whether out of fear or otherwise hee privately slunk away out of the Kingdom for which the Emperor as hee had reason was the more displeased at him And having continued in this voluntarie exile some time at last having disguised himself as hee thought sufficiently hee took the boldness to return to the Court and endeavor to procure his pardon which coming to the knowledg of one that was neer his Majesties person hee thinking to do an acceptable piece of service went presently and told the Emperor that Hernando de Avalos was in the Court and that if his Majestie was so pleased hee would apprehend him for hee knew where to finde him The Emperor took no great notice hereof at the first time Two or three daies after the Gentleman thinking his Majestie had not well understood him or els had forgotten what hee had told him gave him a second advice of Hernando's beeing there Whereunto the Emperor with a countenance that express'd no great pleasure in any such like actions answered Thou should'st have done better to have advised Hernando de Avalos to leav the Court then to press mee to give command to have him apprehended So the pick-thank remained ashamed and confounded as all those which delight in such base unworthie offices for the most part are when their malicious practises do not take effect It is moreover reported the testimonie of the goodness of this Emperor that beeing told hovv fevv had been executed of those offendors hee replyed It is enough let there bee no more blood spilt Which vvas a saying indeed becoming the Dignitie of so great a Prince SECT XXXI THe general pardon beeing known through all Spain the hearts of all the people were filled with no less rejoycing then affection to their Prince having such
Burgos riseth up in Arms against the Lord High Constable The Engagement of those of Valladolid The Infantâ— of Granada having been put out of his Office with fourteen other Officers of the Citie by the people of Valladolid who accused them of keeping correspondencie with the Enemie Their Capâ—aâ—ns were good enouâ—h if â—hey had not hâ—d som â—â—eacheâ—rous great ones amongst them Here the Autor conâ—â—â—leth in a manner the justnes of the Caus and sâ—emeth himself to justifie it Here Don Pedro and other Gentlemen begin to plaie the Traitors The President of Valladolid's Speech to the Bishop of Zâ—mora A gallant and resolute answer of the Bishop of Zamorâ— to the Lord President An heroick and generous Spirit in the Bishop of Zamâ—ra beeing a man indefatigable Don Pedro and the Bishop of Zamora's messâ—ge to the Cavaliers The Earl spoke with much cunning dissimulation purposely to plâ—as and blind the Bishop that hâ—e might not suspect wâ—at they had in private concluded with Don Pedro Giron by which conference it appear's plainly that they wâ—re betraied solâ— as Antâ—nio de Gueâ—ara declareth at large in his Epistles No hâ—ng but the private treacherie of Don Pedro Giron could have deluded the Bishop and destroied â—heir Aâ—mie Tâ—râ—â—sillas tâ—ken by the Earl of Haro Captain General of the Cavalier forces Som of the Commissioners of the Iunta make their escapes Som are taken and again released Don Pedro de Giron's and the Bishop of Zamora's Letter to Valladolid Valladolid's answer to Don Pedro. The Lord Admirals Letter to those of the Iunta at Valladolid Their Vote concerning the Letter Couâ—agious explâ—it of the Biâ—hop oâ— Zâ—mora Oâ—her exploit of the Bishop of Zamora'â— The Governor of Valdâ—perâ—â—aken â—aken and the place plundred by the Bishop'â— mâ—n Here the Autor gâ—veâ—h Kings a lâ—sson â—dmonishing tâ—em not to oppres their Subjâ—cts Mormojon taken by Iohn de Padilla Empudia taken by Iohn de Padillâ— and the Bishop The Bisâ— speech to hiâ— mâ—n in the Assault The Lord High Constablâ—'â— plot discovered Mutinie in the Citie of Burgos The Common people submit to the Lord High Constable The Fort is surrendered to him Troubles in the Countrie of Biscaya First ground of Salvaâ—â—erra's diâ—â—aâ—ie against his Majestie Diego Martinez de Alâ—va and his allies apprehend imprison the Judg whom the Iunta sent to Vitoria Thâ— Earl of Sâ—lvatierra faceth Vitoria with his Armie Dâ—n Pedro Xuarez de Velasco routeth those of the Merindades The Earl of Salvatierra by order from the Iunta intercept's the Artillerie which waâ— going to the Lord High Constable and causeth it to bee broken in pieces The Earl of Salvâ—tiâ—rra's Armie enter's into Vitoria Disâ—osition of Don Pedro de Ayalae Earl of Salvaâ—ierrâ— His Letter to the Iunta an â—he Citie oâ— Valladolid The Eâ—rl of Salvaâ—ierrâ— put to flight His Captain Gâ—nsalo Vaâ—ahona taken prisoner by those of Vitoâ—ia and beâ—â—aâ—ed in the maâ—ket place of thâ—ir Citie Here Don Pedro Lasso begin's to treat privately with the Council by means of Alonso Ortiz who was a Iurate of Toledo and his fellow Commissioner in the Parlament at Santjago A brave resolution of Valladolid The Lord Admiral 's Letter to those of Valladolid The Iunta's and Valladolid's answer to the Lord Admiral Note that seldom hath there been any Treaâ—herie committed but a Frier or som Clergie man had a hand in it Pâ—dilla's speech to the Commoâ— peoplâ— in Valladoâ—id Here the Auâ—or though â— Frier expresseth moreâ— splâ—en and passion â—hen Christian charitie to his brâ—threâ— Here the Autor â—xtend's himself as far in flatterie as in other places in passionate railing Iâ—hn de Paâ—â—lla besiegeth Torrelâ—bation John de Padilla take'â— Torrelobaâ—oâ— and the Tower Wholsom counsel of the Frier Alonso Ortiz obtain's a Truce fâ—om those of the Juntâ— with the Cavaliers By order from the Junta the Truce is proclaimed in John de Padilla's Armie The Câ—andee's exceptions against the Truce Thoâ—e of Valladolid discontenâ—ed against the Comâ—anders of their Armie for yielding to a Truce The Truce brokâ—n off again Here the Frier mâ—keth a digression falling into his usual manner of flatterie John de Padilla was not so incapable as the Frier makeâ— him thâ—ugh over-seen in this oâ—casion Here Don Pedro Giron discover's himself to bee a Traitor on both sides Another notorious Traitor to the Commons Here the Frier flattereth again the familie of the Girons The Relation of the first Autor who in probabilitie was Gueuara is â—he â—ather to be believed Two months hee staid there A Priest dissuade's Iohn de Padilla from encountering the Cavaliers His Answer A private plot of Don Pedro Maldonadâ—'s with the Earl of Venavente to betraie the Artillerie Notable courage of Ioâ—n de Padilla Iohn de Padilla taken prisoner Don Pedro Mâ—ldonado was sâ—ved for beâ—raying the Arâ—â—â—â—erie Resolute Answer of Jâ—hn Braâ—o Christian admonishment of John de Padilla Here these three noble Gentelmen died as gallantly as they had lived beeing Patriots of their Countrie whose memories deserv an everlasting same The manner of the Cavaliers entering into Valladolid The Freâ—ch advance into Navarra The Fâ—encâ— Armie repulsed The Freâ—ch enter into Biscaya by Bâ—yona Dâ—n Pâ—dâ—o de Guzman soâ—ely wounded and takâ—n prisoner â—y the Tolâ—dians Dâ—nia Maria Pacheco's escape out of Toledo Som saiâ— shâ—e died in Portugal They should rather have erected a Statue in memorie that he died a Martyr for his Countrie The manner of the Bishop of Zamora's beeing tâ—â—ken prisoner They died gallantly as Martyrs for their Countrie The Bâ—shop of Zamorâ—'â— death His Majestie had great reason to gâ—â—â—â— for the loâ—s of the gâ—â—â—test Prelaâ—e thâ—t ever Spain bâ—â—d bâ—eing so aged and so resoluâ—e to the lâ—st for the good of his Countrie Thus died this brave Earl whom if the other Nobâ—es had seconded they had made Spaiâ— the most glorious Reâ—ublicâ— of tâ—e woâ—ld Notaâ—â—â— pieâ—ie of Doâ— Atâ—anasio dâ— Ayala to his fâ—â—ther the Earl of Salvatierra being ready to starv in prison The French make it cursions into Navaâ—ra The French are forcâ—d to rais their siege before Logâ—onio Thâ—ir Armie routed in the Pyrenean mountains and Navarra also reduced by the Governors of Castilla The Emperor and the Pope combine against the French King Their forces take the Citie of Paâ—ma Milan Pavia The French advance into Flanders and are repulsed The French take Fuente Ravia Henrie 8. of England assists the Emperor against the French The Venetians assist the Emperor in Lombardie Francis the first of France taken prisoner at Pavia Francis the Fâ—rst exchang'd for his two sons The Kings of England and France sent Letters of Defiance to the Emperor Peâ—ce made between â—he Emperor and King of France by the Archdutchess of Austria and the Dutchess of Angulâ—mâ— His two sons ransomed for 2000â— of Crowns of Gold The Emperor's sister Lâ—onora married to the French King A plot betwâ—xt Hen. 8 and Fâ—an King of Fâ—ance against the Emperor
those that are made for the fâ—vorites and great persons of his familie is daiely spent one hundred and fiftie thousand Maravediz and that the table-expences of Don Fernando the King and Donia Isabel who were excellent and powerfull Princes besides the Prince Don Iohn whom God receiv in his glorie and the Infantes with a multitude of attendants amounted to no more then twelv or fifteen thousand Maravediz per diem And hence proceed's his Majestie 's wants and the impoverishing of the People and Commonalties by â—ubsidies and other taxes imposed upon them Item In regard it hath been and is a very excessive charge to allow wages to such as are not domestick's That hence-foâ—wards there bee no Salaries given to any Courtier 's wives or children or any other persons whatsoëver noâ— in immediate service or shortly to bee entertained and admitted But if any man should die in his Majestie 's service in satisfaction or equivalence thereof hee might allow a pension or stipend to the wife or children of the deceased although they bee not of age to serv. Item In regard after the most â—llustrious Queen our Ladie Donia Isabel his Majestie 's Grandmother was taken with the sickness whereof shee died divers superfluous offices were crept into the Royal Familie which never were before That whosoëver injoyed any such office or offices might forthwith bee discarded and bee allowed no Salarie And all such superfluous expences bee imployed for necessarie uses more conducing to his Majestie 's service Item That in his Majestie 's houshold no Grandee might have any office concerning the Revenue or Royal Patrimonie and if any enjoy any such office at present that it maie bee taken from them For this is very inconvenient and maie greatly impaire the said Patrimonie and Royal Revenue Item That during his Majestie 's absence from these Kingdoms his houshold officers and other persons who have relation or attendance upon his Majestie bee payed out of the Royal Revenue Concerning GOVERNORS THat In regard in his Majestie 's absence it is requisite to have one or more Governors in the Kingdom such Governor or Governors might bee Natives of the Kingdoms of Castilla and Leon appointed and chosen with consent of the Kingdoms and that with their beeing Natives may concur the other qualities which by the Law established by the King Don Alonso called Ley de La Partida is required That the said Law may bee observed and fulfilled to perpetuitie As also the Order of Election and Provision with the Conditions which dispose in what case a Governor or Governors are to bee chosen as in respect of minoritie absence or whatsoëver other occasion Item that the Provisions Orders or Commissions which his Majestie had given in those Kingdoms contrarie to the above specified form might be declared void and that hee would command those and every of those Governors whom hee had autorized to forbear the execution of that office Item that the Governor or Governors beeing constituted in the abovesaid manner and form may bee invested with power to confer dignities offices administration of Justice and to redress grievances And this not onely in the Kingdoms of Castilla but also in the Isles and firm land alreadie discovered or to bee discovered and that they provide them within ten daies That they may present Dignities and places Vacant and do as much therein as the King himself in person but not give any gâ—ft or gratuitie out of the Royal Patrimonie nor any tâ—ing thereunto belonging Concerning BILLETS THe lodging by Billets which is practised no where neither amongst Infidels nor Christians but in this Kingdom beeing a thing most exorbitant and whence have proceeded and do proceed inconveniences and dammages so excessive that a small volume cannot contain them and his Majestie 's subjects suffer thereby not a little aswell in their honors and lives as in their estates That for ever henceforth they may bee freed from so abominable and prejudicial a servitude And that in these Kingdoms no such Billets bee given in any kinde neither by the King 's themselvs nor any Lords Noblemen or Prelates whatsoëver and in case any should bee given That the People may not bee obliged to accept of them unless with their own conâ—ents they paying for their lodgings as shall bee agreed upon with the owners or inhabitants of the houses whither such Billets shall bee brought or directed But in his Majestie 's progresses That lodging and linnen should bee allowed Gratìs for those of his houshold and Court so that hee exceed not the term of six daies in one place which expired they should paie for their lodging according to the ordinarie rate and custom Likewise That the Souldiers of the Guard should have free quarter after the usuall manner Item That their Majestie 's the King's Princes and Infantes his predecessors had given and allotted convenient lodgings for their Royal Persons and Familie and to the number of seventie but no more for the officers which were of necessitie to bee neer the Palace were appointed in the same Citie or Town where the Court was and in such houses as the Council Iustice and Regidores of the said place should finde convenient and suitable to the conditions and qualitie of the persons to bee lodged and the said seventie lodgings to bee paid according as the said Council Iustice and Regidores should rate or tax them And that for paiment hereof all the Cities Towns Villages or Burrougsh should contribute without exâ—mption according to the cessment made by the said Council Iustice and Regidores without troubling or asking leav of his Majestie insomuch that under colour thereof there should bee no more cessed or gathered then what the rent of the said lodgings would amount to under penaltie of the Law Item That these lodgings which are allowed for his Majestie 's familie are not intended for those of the Council for the Alcaldes of his hous and Court nor the Alguaziles or other Judges or Officers whatsoëver nor the High Treasurers or any such like for these are to paie for their lodgings by the order and form before mentioned Item That his Majestie or the Kings or Princes his Successors might not give anie Billets in general or particular or other Command whatsoëver that the Inhabitants of such Cities Towns or Villages should furnish lodgings contrarie to their own wills and consents And that in case any such Billet general or particular by waie of intreatie or command should bee given it might bee received with respect but not fulfilled neither the Owners or Inhabitants of the said houses bee obliged to accommodate the bearers thereof Coâ—cerning Customs Taxes the Revenues Roial Pole-monie and Fee farms THat the Customs and Thirds which belong to the Crown may bee reduced to the same number and quantitie as they were instituted by the Catholick King Don Fernando and Donia Isabel Anno 1494. That at the same rates and value all the Cities Towns Villages with their several Lordships and