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A90787 The natural history of Oxford-shire, being an essay toward the natural history of England. / By Robert Plot ... Plot, Robert, 1640-1696. 1677 (1677) Wing P2585; ESTC R231542 322,508 394

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through those of inferior rank I come next to the remarkable curiosities of Architecture in our most stately buildings and that have a more immediate relation to mankind than any before mentioned whereof some are private others publick and may both be considered either in the whole or parts Of private buildings the most eminent in this County are the Seats of the Right Honorable the Earl of Anglesey Lord Privy Seal at Blechington the Earl of Clarendon at Cornbury the Earl of Lichfield at Ditchley the Earl of Rochester at Adderbury the Countess of Down at Wroxton the Lord Viscount Say and Seal at Broughton the Lord Viscount Falkland at Great Tew the Lady Abergavenny at Sherbourn the Lord Norreys His Majesties Lord Lieutenant of Oxford-shire at Ricot the Lord Carrington at Ledwel and of the Honorable James Herbert Esq at Tythrop in Oxford-shire though of Kingsey Parish in the County of Buckingham 129. Whereunto might be added several structures of the minor Nobility that shew a great deal either of past or present Magnificence such as that of the Right Worshipful Sir Anthony Cope late of Hanwell of Sir John Cope at Bruern Abbey Sir Tho. Spencer at Tarnton Sir Tho. Chamberleyn at Northbrook Sir Francis Wenman at Thame-Park and Caswel Sir Tho. Cobb at Adderbury Sir Anthony Craven at Caversham Sir William Glyn at Amersden Sir Robert Jenkinson at Walcot Sir William Walter at Saresden Sir Thomas Penyston at Cornwel Sir Compton Read at Shipton under Whichwood Sir John D'Oyly at Chislehampton Sir Edward Norreys at Weston on the green Sir George Croke at Waterstoke Sir Philip Harcourt at Stanton Harcourt And of the worshipful Tho. Stonor at Watlington Park and Stonor Esq Robert Dormer at Rousham Esq Richard Fermor at Tusmore and Sommerton Esq John Stone at Brightwel Esq John Clerk at Aston Rowant Esq Tho. Hoard at Coat Esq Arthur Jones at Chasleton Esq Basil Brook at North-Aston Esq and the seats of the Families of Knolles at Rotherfield Grays and Blount at Maple-Durham Esqs To which add the Parsonage House of the Rectory of Chinner little inferior to some of the aforementioned either in greatness commodiousness or elegancy of Building 130. And yet amongst all these eminent private Structures could I find nothing extraordinary in the whole But in the parts the Kitchin of the Right Worshipful Sir Philip Harcourt Knight of Stanton Harcourt is so strangely unusual that by way of Riddle one may truly call it either a Kitchin within a Chimney or a Kitchin without one for below it is nothing but a large square and octangular above ascending like a Tower the fires being made against the walls and the smoak climbing up them without any tunnels or disturbance to the Cooks which being stopped by a large conical roof at the top goes out at loop-holes on every side according as the wind sits the loop-holes at the side next the wind being shut with falling doors and the adverse side opened 131. The spacious Stair-case at Blechington-house is also remarkable not only for that it stands on an Area of 30 foot square but for its rarity too it being not perhaps at all at least not easie to be met with amongst the writers of Architecture wherefore though I cannot approve of its contrivance in all particulars yet for the sake of its magnificence and variety from most if not all others I cannot in justice but afford it a short description 132. It being placed therefore backward opposite to the most honorable entrance of the House between two wings that extend themselves beyond it and the gross of the Pile you enter upon it having past by the hall and other offices usually placed by it at the door-way A Tab. 13. Fig. 4. and land upon the half pace 1 which together with the rest marked 234 c. are 6 foot ⅓ square The figures in their natural order shew how you ascend from one half pace to another by ascents of 7 steps each about 5 inches ½ deep and near 10 inches ¾ broad The half paces marked with the same figure lye on the same level and therefore as 4 is the highest half pace in this first Scheme of it so it is the lowest in the second Tab. 13. Fig. 5. 133. In which also the order of the figures shews the manner of ascent just as in the former only it must be observed that as the ascent to the half pace 4 in the first Scheme was suppose from East and West so the ascent higher from it in the second is to North and South Of which two Schemes placed alternatly over one another the whole stair-case is framed from bottom to top which is easily apprehended if you but imagine the half pace 4 in the second Scheme to be placed over 4 in the first and such another frame as is delineated in the first Scheme to be placed on the second The Letters V V shew the vacancies that open a Prospect from the top to the bottom of the whole stair-case and a b c d shew the places of the doors into the rooms at each corner of it 134. In short this stair-case seems to be a composition of 4 half-pace-open-newel'd stair-cases as may easily be perceived by the figures 123 123 123 123 and 567 567 567 567 only communicating in the middle which indeed shews very magnificently but has this inconvenience that there is no passage from one room into another though on the same floor without going up and down many steps as in Scheme the second if from a to b and so of the rooms of any of the other sides you have no passage but from 6 to 7 and so down again to 6 i. e. 14 steps But if you are to go from corner to corner as suppose from a to c or b to d vice versa whether you pass round the sides or over the middle half pace you cannot do it without ascending and descending in all twenty eight steps 135. Of publick Buildings the most eminent in the County are certainly those of the Colleges and Halls the Publick Schools Library and Theater in the Vniversity of Oxford of which yet in the whole I shall give no account their magnificence and outward Architecture being already sufficiently shewn by the exquisite hand of Mr. David Loggan Chalcographer to the Vniversity in his Cuts of them all lately set forth It shall suffice me therefore to give a succinct account of some particular parts of them whether in the stone or Timber-work scarce to be met with elsewhere or known to few 136. Of the first sort is the flat floor of stone over the passage between the Right Reverend the Provosts Lodgings and the Chappel at Queens College born up only by the side walls without any pillar though consisting of divers stones not reaching the walls which yet indeed may very well be since as I am informed by the same Right Reverend Provost and Bishop of Lincoln who pulled up the boards of the
to be a perfect artificial memory rather than require any help to be remembred Notwithstanding it leaves a large scope enough for derivation and composition as may be seen by the Tables where several words though no Synonoma's to it may be made off from a Primitive as Queen Crown Scepter Throne from the Radical King and so from the Primitive sheep are made off ram ewe lamb weather mutton bleat fold flock shepherd c. which compositions are clear though the greatest difficulty of the Language consists in these 191. Yet I shall not offer to determine which of these is to be preferr'd leaving that wholly to the Readers judgment who may consult both Treatises It being sufficient for me that a Vniversal Character and Philosophical Language can be no more reckoned amongst the Desiderata of Learning and that the defect was first supplyed here at Oxford the Contrivances of both being first founded here and both grounded upon rational and solid principles with greater advantages of facility than can be believed possible to any that have not made tryal And this is all concerning Letters and Language but that John Basinstoke also an Oxford man Figuras Graecorum numerales in Angliam portavit earum notitiam suis familiaribus significavit de quibus figuris hoc maxime admirandum quod unicâ figurâ quilibet numerus significatur quod non est in Latino vel in Algorismo d Matth. Paris Hist Angl. in Anno 1252. pag. 835. Edit Watsiana 192. In Logick the subtile Johannes Duns Scotus Fellow of Merton College was the Father of the Sect of the Reals and his Scholar e Vid. Johannis Lelandi Collectanea de Viris Illustribus Gulielmus Occham somtimes falsly printed Holran of the same House Father of the Sect of the Nominals betwixt whom as the story goes there falling out a hot Dispute Scotus being then Dean of the College and Occham a Bachelor Fellow wherein though the latter is said to have obtained the better yet being but an inferior at parting submitted himself with the rest of the Bachelors to the Dean in this form Domine quid faciemus as it were begging punishment for their boldness in arguing to whom Scotus returning this answer Ite facite quid vultis They forthwith brake open the Buttery and Kitchin doors taking all they could meet with making merry with it all night Which 't is said gave occasion to their observing the same diversion to this very day whenever the Dean keeps the Bachelors at Disputations till twelve at night which they now commonly call a Black night 193. Rogerus Swisset alias Swinshead of the same College was the first Contriver of the Art Calculatory in disputation wherein says the Learned Selden Multiplicatis particulis negativis trajectis per esse non esse Calculo which was Beans and Peas opus erat quoties erat disputandum * Vid. Comment in Carmen Phaleucium Joh. Seldeni before Hoptons Concordance of Years But others who have consulted more of his Works than I suppose Mr. Selden ever did rather think this Art Calculatory to be some way he had to determine the proportions of matters capable of proportion or degrees such as action motion reaction intension remission c. whereof the Reader if he think it worth while may further satisfie himself from his Printed Works such as his Introductorium in Calculationem his Calculationes cum Quaest de Reactione his Treatises de intensione remissione maximo minimo to which add M. Bassani Politi Introductorium in Calculationes Swisset most of which if not all are in Merton College Library 194. The same Roger Swisset found out many things in Mathematicks which no body found before him perpauci post eum jam Inventa comprehendere valuerunt says Pitseus of him f Vid. Pitsci Relationes Hist de rebus Angl. praesertim de Scriptoribus in An. 1350. And the Honorable Robert Dudley of Christ Church College Oxon made Duke by the Emperor g Hist Antiquitates Vniversitatis Oxon. per Anthonium à Wood lib. 2. pag. 275. with the Title of Northumberland here in England whereof he fansied himself wrongfully deprived contrived many Engines and Mathematical Instruments not known before now in the possession of the Great Duke of Tuscany to whose Ancestors he applyed himself in his discontent by whom he was succor'd and highly valued for his great Learning and with whom his Children now remain to this day in Wealth and Honor retaining the Titles of Dukes of Northumberland and Earls of Warwick and Leicester which Titles others say and perhaps more rightly too were conferred on them by the Pope in whose Quarrel they were pretended at least to have been lost h Ex Itinerario Joh. Bargrave S. T. P. Praebend Ecclesiae Christi Cant. MS penes seipsum 195. Of later years the highly ingenious Sir Christopher Wren in the year 1668. first found out a straight line equal to a Cycloid and the parts thereof as is clearly made appear in his behalf by the Right Honorable and Learned the Lord Viscount Brouncker Chancellor to Her Majesty and President of the Royal Society and the Reverend and Learned Dr. John Wallis i Philosoph Transact Numb 98. The same Right Worshipful and very learned Person Sir Christopher Wren found out also several new Geometrical Bodies that arise by the application of two Cylinders and one Lenticular Body fit for grinding one another by whose mutual attrition will necessarily be produced a Conoides Hyperbolicum and two Cylindroidea Hyperbolica The Engine whereby this may be done being represented in Sculpture in our Philosophical Transactions and designed for grinding Hyperbolical glasses k Ibid. Numb 53. He also first observed that a plain straight edged Chisel set any way obliquely to a Cylinder of wood did necessarily torn it into a Cylindroides Hyperbolicum Convexo-concavum the several sections whereof are accuratly demonstrated by the Reverend and Learned Dr. John Wallis our English Archimedes l Wallisii Mechanica sive de Motu part 2 de Calculo Centri gravitatis cap. 5. Prop. 32. 196. The same Dr. John Wallis Savilian Professor of Geometry in this Vniversity in the year 1656. published his new method called his Arithmetick of Infinites for the more expedite and effectual enquiry into the Quadrature of Curvilinear figures or other difficult Problems in Geometry and therein amongst other things at the Scholium of his 38 Proposition shewd the way of comparing straight and crooked lines which gave occasion to Mr. William Neil in pursuance thereof in the year 1657. to find out the first of any Man a straight line equal to a Curve of which we have an account in the Philosophical Transactions of Novemb. 17. 1673 m Philosoph Transact Num. 98. 197. The same Reverend and Learned Dr. John Wallis amongst his other numerous and new Performances in Arithmetick and Geometry first demonstrated the impossibility