of the Second part of Purchas his PILGRIMS CHAP. I. A Voyage set forth by the Right Worshipfull Sir Thomas Smith and the rest of the Muscouie Company to Cherry Iland and for a further Discouerie to bee made towards the North-Pole for the likelihood of a Trade or a passage that way in a Ship called the Amitie of burthen seuentie tunnes in the which I Ionas Poole was Master hauhauing foureteene Men and one Boy Anno Dom. 1610. H. pag. 699. A briefe note what Beasts Fowles and Fishes were seene in this land pag. 707. CHAP. II. A Commission for Ionas Poole our Seruant appointed Master of a small Barke called the Elizabeth of fiftie tunnes burthen for Discouery to the Northward of Greeneland giuen the last day of May 1610. H. P. ibid. CHAP. III. A briefe Declaration of this my Voyage of Discouery to Greeneland and towards the West of it as followeth being set forth by the right Worshipfull Sir Thomas Smith Gouernour of the right Worshipfull Company of new Trades c. written by Ionas Poole H. pag. 711. CHAP. IIII. A Relation written by Ionas Poole of a Voyage to Greeneland in the yeere 1612. with two Shippes the one called the Whale the other the Sea-horse set out by the right Worshipfull the Muscouie Merchants H. pag. 713. CHAP. V. A Iournall of the Voyage made to Greeneland with sixe English Shippes and a Pinnasse in the yeere 1613. written by Master William Baffin H.P. pag. 716. CHAP. VI. A Voyage of Discouery to Greeneland c. An. 161â— written by Ro. Fotherbye H.P. pag. 720. CHAP. VII A true report of a Voyage Anno 1615. for Discouerie of Seas Lands and Ilands to the Northwards as it was performed by Robert Fotherbie in a Pinnasse of twenty tunnes called the Richerd of London H.P. pag. 728. A Letter of Robert Fotherby to Captain Edge written in Crosse-rode Iuly 15. 1615. pag. 731. CHAP. VIII Diuers other Voyages to Greenland with Letters of those which were there employed communicated to me by Master William Heley in the yeere 1617. 1618. 1619. 1620. 1621. 1623. pag. 732. A Letter of Master Robert Salmon to Master Sherwin In Sir Thomas Smiths Bay the 24. of Iune 1618. pag 733. A Letter of Master Th. Sherwin Bell-sound this â—9 of Iune 1618. â—bid A Letter of Iames Beuersham to Master Heley From Faire-hauen the 12. of Iuly 1618. ibid. A Letter of Iohn Chambers to W. Heley Bel-sound Iune 16. 1619. pag. 734. A Letter of I. Catcher to Master Heley from Faire-hauen Laus Deo this seuenteenth of Iune 1620. pag. 735. A Letter of Robert Salmon from Sir Thomas Smiths Bay Iuly 6. 1621. ibid. Laus Deo in Faire-Hauen the foure and twentieth of Iune 1623. pag. 736. Master Catchers Letter the nine and twentieth of Iune 1623. pag. 737. Captaine William Goodlards Letter â— Bel-sound this eight of Iuly 1623. ibid. CHAP. IX The late changes and manifold alterations in Russia since Iuan Vasilowich to this present gathered out of many Letters and Obseruations of English Embassadours and other Trauellers in those parts pag. 738. § 1. Of the reigne of Iuan Pheodore his sonne and of Boris ibid. The most solemne and magnificent coronation of Pheodor Iuanowich Emperour of Russia c. the tenth of Iune in the yeere 1â—84 seene and obserued by Master Ierom Horsey Gentleman and seruant to her Maiestie pag. 740. § 2. Occurrents of principall Note which happened in Russia in the time while the Honorable Sir Thomas Smith remained there Embassadour from his Maiestie pag. 748. § 3. One pretending himselfe to be Demetrius with the Popes and Poles helpes attaineth the Russian Empire his Arts Acts Mariage fauour to the English and miserable end pag. 755. The Copie of a Letter sent from the Emperor Demetry Euanowich otherwise called Grishco Otreapyoue pag. 758. The Copie of the translation of a Commission that was sent from the Mosko from the Emperour Demetry Euanowich alias Gryshca Otreapyoue by a Courtier named Gauaryla Samoylowich Salmanoue who was sent downe to the Castle of Archangell to Sir Thomas Smith then Lord Embassadour pag. 759. The Copie of the Translation of a new Priuiledge that was giuen to the Company by the Emperour Demetry Euanowich otherwise called Gryshca Otreapyoue the which Priuiledge was sent into England ouer-land by Olyuer Lysset Merchant and seruant to the foresaid Company ibid. The Copie of the translation of a Contract made by the Emperour Demetry Euanowich otherwise called Gryscha Otreapyoue and the daughter of the Palatine Sendamersko chiefe Generall of Poland pag. 761. § 4. The Copie of the Translation of a Letter sent from the new Emperour Vassily Euanowich Shoskey to the Kings Maiesty by Master Iohn Mericke pag. 765. Captaine Margarets Letter to Master Mericke from Hamborough Ian. 29. 1612. pag. 780. § 5. Of the miserable estate of Russia after Swiskeys deportation their election of the King of Polands Sonne their Interregnum and popular estate and choosing at last of the present Emperour with some remarkeable accidents in his time H.P. pag. 782. Pacta inter Primarium Ducem Exercituum Regni Poloniae inter Heroes Moscouiae pag. 783. CHAP. X. A briefe Copie of the points of the Contracts betweene the Emperours Maiestie and the Kings Maiestie of Sweden in Stolboua the seuen and twentieth of February 1616. pag. 792. CHAP. XI A Relation of two Russe Cossacks trauailes out of Siberia to Catay and other Countries adioyning thereunto Also a Copie of the last Patent from the Muscouite A Copie of a Letter written to the Emperour from his Gouernours out of Siberia pag. 797. The Copie of the Altine Chars or golden Kings Letter to the Emperour of Russia ibid. A Description of the Empires of Catay and Labin and other Dominions as well inhabited as places of Pasture called Vlusses and Hords and of the great Riuer Ob and other Riuers and Land passages pag. 799. CHAP. XII Notes concerning the discouery of the Riuer of Ob taken out of a Roll written in the Russian tongue which was attempted by the meanes of Antonie Marsh a chiefe Factor for the Moscouie Company of England 1584 with other notes of the North-east H. pag. 804. The report of Master Francis Cherry a Moscouie Merchant and Master Thomas Lyndes touching a warme Sea to the South-east of the Riuer Ob and a Note of Francis Gaulle H.P. p. 806. CHAP. XIII Discoueries made by Englishmen to the North-west Voyages of Sir Sebastian Cabot Master Thorne and other Ancients and Master Weymouth H.P. ibid. The Voyage of Captaine George Weymouth intended for the discouery of the North-west Passag toward China with two flye Boates. pag. 809. CHAP. XIV Iames Hall his Voyage forth of Denmarke for the discouery of Greenland in the yeere 1605. abbreuiated H. pag. 814. CHAP. XV. The second Voyage of Master Iames Hall forth of Denmarke into Greeneland in the yeere 1606. contracted H. pag. 821. CHAP. XVI The Voyage of Master Iohn Knight which had beene at Greeneland once
subtilly to draw me to take vpon me to search for those things which himselfe had stolne and accused me of a matter no lesse then Treason amongst vs that I had deceiued the company of thirtie Cakes of bread Now they began to talke amongst themselues that England was no safe place for them and Henry Greene swore the shippe should not come into any place but keepe the Sea still till he had the Kings Majesties hand and Seale to shew for his safetie They had many deuices in their heads but Henry Greene in the end was their Captaine and so called of them From these Ilands we stood to the North-east and the Easter Land still in sight wee raysed those Ilands that our Master called Rumnies Ilands Betweene these Ilands and the shallow ground to the East of them our Master went downe into the first great Bay We kept the East shoare still in our sight and comming thwart of the low Land wee ranne on a Rocke that lay vnder water and strooke but once for if shee had we might haue beene made Inhabitans of that place but God sent vs soone off without any harme that wee saw Wee continued our course and raysed Land a head of vs which stretched out to the North which when they saw they said plainly that Robert Billet by his Northerly course had left the Capes to the South and that they were best to seeke downe to the South in time for releife before all was gone for we had small store left But Robert Billet would follow the Land to the North saying that he hoped in God to find somewhat to releeue vs that way as soone as to the South I told them that this Land was the Mayne of Worsenhome Cape and that the shallow rockie ground was the same that the Master went downe by when he went into the great Bay Robert Iuet and all said it was not possible vnlesse the Master had brought the ship ouer Land and willed them to looke into the Masters Card and their course how well they did agree We stood to the East and left the mayne Land to the North by many small Ilands into a narrow gut betweene two Lands and there came to an Anchor The Boat went ashoare on the North side where wee found the great Horne but nothing else The next day wee went to the South side but found nothing there saue Cockle grasse of which we gathered This grasse was a great releefe vnto vs for without it we should hardly haue got to the Capes for want of victuall The wind seruing we stood out but before we could get cleane out the wind came to the West so that we were constrayned to anchor on the North side The next day wee weighed and doubled the point of the North Land which is high Land and so continueth to the Capes lying North and South some fiue and twentie or thirtie leagues To the North we stood to see store of those Fowles that breed in the Capes and to kill some with our shot and to fetch them with our Boat We raised the Capes with joy and bare for them and came to the Ilands that lie in the mouth of the streight but bearing in betweene the Rockie Iles we ranne on a Rocke that lay vnder water and there stucke fast eight or nine houres It was ebbing water when we thus came on so the floud set vs afloat God guiding both wind and Sea that it was calme and faire weather the ebbe came from the East and the floud from the West When wee were afloat wee stood more neere to the East shoare and there anchored The next day being the seuen and twentieth of Iuly we sent the Boat to fetch some Fowle and the ship should way and stand as neere as they could for the wind was against vs. They had a great way to row and by that meanes they could not reach to the place where the Fowle bred but found good store of Gulls yet hard to come by on the Rocks and Cliffes but with their Peeces they killed some thirtie and towards night returned Now we had brought our ship more neere to the mouth of the Streights and there came to an anchor in eighteen or twentie fathom water vpon a Râ—ffe or shelfe of ground which after they had weighed their Anchor and stood more neere to the place where the Fowle bred they could not find it againe nor no place like it but were faine to turne to and fro in the mouth of the Streight and to be in danger of Rockes because they could not find ground to let fall an Anchor in the water was so deepe The eight and twentieth day the Boat went to Digges his Cape for Fowle and made directly for the place where the Fowle bred and being neere they saw seuen Boates come about the Easterne point towards them When the Sauages saw our Boate they drew themselues together and drew their lesser Boats into their bigger and when they had done they came rowing to our Boat and made signes to the West but they made readie for all assayes The Sauages came to them and by signes grew familiar one with another so as our men tooke one of theirs into our Boate and they tooke one of ours into their Boate. Then they carried our man to a Coue where their Tents stood toward the West of the place where the Fowle bred so they carried him into their Tents where he remayned till our men returned with theirs Our Boat went to the place where the Fowle bred and were desirous to know how the Sauages killed their Fowle he shewed them the manner how which was thus They take a long Pole with a snare at the end which they put about the Fowles necke and so plucke them downe When our men knew that they had a better way of their owne they shewed him the vse of our Peeces which at one shot would kill seuen or eight To be short our Boat returned to their Coue for our man and to deliuer theirs When they came they made great joy with dancing and leaping and stroking of their brests they offered diuers things to our men but they only tooke some Morses Teeth which they gaue them for a Knife and two glasse buttons and so receiuing our man they came aboard much rejoycing at this chance as if they had met with the most simple and kind people of the World And Henry Greene more then the rest was so confident that by no meanes we should take care to stand vpon our Guard God blinding him so that where hee made reckoning to receiue great matters from these people he receiued more then he looked for and that suddenly by being made a good example for all men that make no conscience of doing euill and that we take heed of the Sauage people how simple soeuer they seeme to be The next day the nine and twentieth of Iuly they made haste to
the English and Spanish Fleets the Sea flight of the Spanish and miserable disasters in their returne Their lyes The Queenes religious triumph pag. 1895. Squadron of the Galeons of Portugall p. 1898. Don Alonso Peres de Gusman the good Duke of Medina Sidonia Countie of Nebla Marquesse of Casheshe in Africa Lord of the Citie of Saint Lucar Captaine Generall of the Occian Sea of the Coast of Andaluzia and of this Armie of his Maiestie and Knight of the honorable Order of the golden Fleece pag. 1902. The true relation of the successe of the Catholike Armie against their Enemies by the Letters of the Post-master of Logrono of the fourth of September and by Letters from Roan of the 31. of August and by Letters from Paris of the Kings Embassadour there wherein hee declareth the imprisonment of Francis Drake and other great Nobles of England and how the Queene is in the field with an Armie and of a certaine mutinie which was amongst the Queenes Armie with the successe of the said Catholike Armie since they entred in the Groyne till they came on the Coast of England with two Ballets compounded by Christouer Brauo a blinde man of Cordowa printed with licence by Gabriel Ramos Beiarano printer pag. 1913. CHAP. XII A discourse of the Portugall voyage Anno 1589. Sir Iohn Norris and Sir Francis Drake Generalls written as is thought by Colonell Antonie Wingfield imployed in the same voyage formerly published by his friend to whom it was written and here abbreuiated pag. 1914. CHAP. XIII A briefe and true report of the Honourable voyage vnto Cadiz 1596. of the ouerthrow of the Kings Fleet and of the winning of the Citie with other accidents gathered out of Meteranus Master Hackluyt and others pag. 1927. CHAP. XIIII The voyage to the Iles of Azores vnder the conduct of the Right Honorable Earle of Essex 1597. pag. 1935. § 1. The relation thereof by the said Earle and other Commissioners ibid. § 2. A larger relation of the said Iland voyage written by Sir Arthur Gorges Knight collected in the Queenes ship called the Wast Spite wherein he was then Captaine with Marine and Martiall discourses added according to the occurrences pag. 1938. The Conclusion of the Worke with some later aduertisements touching his Maiesties care for Virginia pag. 19â—0 Maps and Peeces cut in Brasse or VVood in the last ten Bookes AMerica p. 857 America Meridionalis p. 882 America Septentrionalis p. 853 Map of the Arctike Pole p. 625 Borussia or Prussia p. 626 Hondius his Map of China p. 361 Purchas his Map of China p. 402 Denmarke p. 622 England p. 1980 Florida p. 689 Great Britaine and Ireland p. 1981 Greenland p. 468 Vlphilas Gottick letters p. 658 Hispaniola p. 861 Island p. 644 Lithuania p. 629 Liuonia p. 627 Magellan Streight p. 900 Mexican hieroglyphic histor cut in 65. peeces p. 1067 c. to 1117. Moscouia p. 778 Norwegia p. 620 Polonia p. 630 Russia p. 220 Noua Scotia p. 1874 New Spaine p. 871 Tartaria p. 234 Taurica Chersonesus p. 632 Virginia p. 1692 PEREGRINATIONS AND DISCOVERIES IN THE REMOTEST NORTH AND EAST PARTS OF ASIA CALLED TARTARIA AND CHINA THE FIRST BOOKE CHAP. I. The Iournall of Frier WILLIAM DE RVBRVQVIS a French-man of the Order of the Minorite Friers vnto the East parts of the World Anno Dom. 1253. TO the most Excellent and most Christian Lord Lewis by Gods grace the Renowmed King of France Frier William de Rubruk the meanest of the Minorites Order wisheth health and continuall Triumph in Christ. It is written in the Booke of Ecclesiasticus concerning the Wiseman He shall trauell into forreine Countries and good and euill shall hee try in all things The very same Action my Lord and King haue I atchieued howbeit I wish that I haue done it like a wise man and not like a Foole. For many there bee that performe the same Action which a wise man doth not wisely but more vndiscreetly of which number I feare my selfe to bee one Notwithstanding howsoeuer I haue done it because you commanded mee when I departed from your Highnesse to write all things vnto you which I should see among the Tartars and you wished me also that I should not feare to write long Letters I haue done as your Maiestie enioyned me yet with feare and reuerence because I want words and Eloquence sufficient to write vnto so great a Maiestie Bee it knowne therefore vnto your Sacred Maiestie that in the yeare of our Lord 1253. about the Nones of May wee entred into the Sea of Pontus which the Bulgarians call the great Sea It contayneth in length as I learned of certayne Merchants one thousand and eight miles and is in a manner diuided into two parts About the midst thereof are two Prouinces one towards the North and another towards the South The South Prouince is called Synopolis and it is the Castle and Port of the Soldan of Turkie but the North Prouince is called of the Latines Gasaria of the Greekes which inhabit vpon the Sea shoare thereof it is called Cassaria that is to say Caesaria And there are certayne head-lands stretching forth into the Sea towards Synopolis Also there are three hundred miles of distance betweene Synopolis and Cassaria Insomuch that the distance from those points or places to Constantinople in length and breadth is about seuen hundred miles and seuen hundred miles also from thence to the East namely to the Countrey of Hiberia which is a Prouince of Georgia At the Prouince of Gasaria or Cassaria wee arriued which Prouince is in a manner three square hauing a Citie on the West part thereof called Kersoua wherein Saint Clement suffered Martyrdome And sayling before the said Citie wee saw an Iland in which a Church is said to be built by the hands of Angels But about the midst of the said Prouince toward the South as it were vpon a sharpe Angle or Point standeth a Citie called Soldaia directly against Synopolis And there doe all the Turkie Merchants which Traffique into the North Countries in their Iourney outward arriue and as they returne home-ward also from Russia and the said Northerne Regions into Turkie The foresaid Merchants transport thither Ermines and gray Furres with other rich and costly Skinnes Others carrie Clothes made of Cotton or Bombast and Silke and diuers kinds of Spices But vpon the East part of the said Prouince standeth a Citie called Matriga where the Riuer Tanais dischargeth his streames into the Sea of Pontus the mouth whereof is twelue miles in breadth For this Riuer before it entreth into the Sea of Pontus maketh a little Sea which hath in breadth and length seuen hundred miles and it it is in no place thereof aboue sixe paces deepe whereupon great Vessels cannot saile ouer it Howbeit the Merchants of Constantinople arriuing at the foresaid Citie of Materta send their Barkes vnto the Riuer of Tanais to buy dryed fishes Sturgeons Thosses Barbils
haue succeeded one the other in those Dominions to this present and those Countries are at this day ruled by two Brothers the one called Chapar the other Doax who haue diuided those Countries betweene them and doe possesse them peaceably 21. Baydo the second sonne of Hoccota Can with the Tartarians which his Father gaue him rode towards the North vntill he came to the Kingdome of Cumania where the Cumanians hauing many armed men opposed themselues and defended their Land against them But being at length ouer-come they fled to the Kingdome of Hungaria where are yet many Cumanians inhabiting Baydo hauing beaten the Cumanians out of their Countrie went to the Kingdome of Russia and conquered it and possessed the Land of Gazaria which is in the Northerne part of Taurica and the Kingdome of Bulgoria and by the way which the Cumanians had fled he came to the Kingdome of Hungaria Afterwards the Tartarians went towards the parts of Germanie till they came to a certaine Riuer that runneth through the Dukedome of Austria where they thought to haue passed ouer a Bridge which they found there But Frederick the Duke of Austria and others that bordered neere it had fortified the Bridge so that the Tartarians were denyed passage Baydo thereupon incensed with furie commanded that all should passe through the water and himselfe was the first that entred exposing thereby himselfe and all his followers to apparant danger of death for such was the breadth of the Riuer and the violence of the streame that their Horses were wearied before they could come to the farther banke of the Riuer Which the residue seeing which were not yet entred into the water they were confounded with griefe and returned to Russia and Cumania which they formerly had conquered as hath beene declared and neuer since that haue the Tartarians attempted against Germanie But the posteritie of Baydo hath euer since successiuely held those Lands which he subdued And he which now raigneth there is called Tochai and ruleth peaceably and quietly 22. Cangaday or Chagoday with those Tartars which his Father gaue him rode towards the South euen to the parts of India the lesser There he found many Desarts Mountaines and drie Lands not inhabited so that hee could not passe that way but hauing lost many of his People Horses and other Beasts he turned him towards the West and after much labour came to his brother Iochi to whom he related what had befalne him who taking compassion on his brother gaue him and his people a good part of those Countries which hee had and euer after those two brethren dwelled together and their Progenie vntill this day inhabite in those parts yet in such sort that those which descended of the younger brother doe beare a kinde of reuerence to the posteritie of the Elder and so being content with their Portions they liue peaceably and quietly together and that Successor of Iochi that now liueth is called Barach 23. In the yeere of our Lord 1253. Haython the King of Armenia seeing that the Tartarians had in a manner subdued all the Kingdomes Countries and Lands euen to the Kingdome of Turkie taking Counsell of the wise he resolued to goe in person to the Emperour of the Tartarians the better to insinuate himselfe into his fauour and to make league with him But first he sent his brother Lord Sinibaldy Constable of the Kingdome of Armenia to obtayne safe conduct for him who carrying with him many Presents and going attended with a goodly companie dispatched in good order the businesse for which he was sent yet stayed hee by the space of foure dayes before he came backe to Armenia but at his returne he related to the King what he had seene and done who without delay departed in secret manner disguised because it might be dangerous for him to be knowne in the Kingdome of Turkie through which hee must needes make his iourney and as God would at his comming thither he found that the Soldan of Turkie was ouerthrowne by a Tartarian Captaine whom hee met with there and made himselfe knowne vnto him who when he vnderstood him to be the King of Armenia and that hee was going toward the Emperour entertayned him very honorably and caused him to bee conducted to the Kingdome of Cumania and beyond the Iron gate And afterwards other Tartarian Captaines caused him to bee conducted ouer all other Countries and Places vntill he came to Almalech or Cambalu where Mango Can their Emperour resided who reioyced much at the comming of the King of Armenia and the rather for that from the comming of Changius Can ouer the Mountaine Belgian no other great Prince had come to meet him and therefore hee receiued and entertayned him with much honour and loue and gaue vnto him some of the greatest persons about him to attend and associate him at his pleasure and did him many other fauours But the King of Armenia hauing rested certaine dayes intreated the Emperour to vouchsafe him Audience in those affaires for which hee was come and to giue him licence to returne The Emperour very graciously answered him that he would most willingly accomplish all his desires and that it was very acceptable vnto him that he came of his owne accord The King with good deliberation made seuen Petitions First He desired that the Emperour and all his people would be baptized in the Christian Faith leauing all other Sects Secondly That there might be a perpetuall peace and friendship established betweene the Christians and the Tartarians Thirdly That in all Countries which the Tartarians either had conquered or should conquer the Churches and Churchmen whether secular or religious might be free and exempted from all seruitude and payments Fourthly That he would deliuer and free the holy Land and the holy Sepulcher of our Lord out of the hands of the Saracens and restore them to the Christians Fiftly That he would endeuour the destruction of the Caliph of Baldach who was the head and chiefe Doctor of the Sect of Mahometisme Sixtly Hee required that a speciall Charter might be granted him that of whatsoeuer Tartarians especially such as should be nearest to the Kingdome of Armenia hee should bee occasioned to demand aide they should forthwith be readie to assist him Seuenthly He craued that all the Lands of the iurisdiction of the Kingdome of Armenia which the Saracens had inuaded and were or should happen to be recouered by the Tartarians might be restored to the King of Armenia and that such as he should get from the Saracens hee might peaceably and quietly enioy Mango Can hauing considered the Petitions of the King of Armenia calling before him all his chiefe Captaines and Counsellers in their presence made him answere after this manner Because that the King of Armenia of his owne accord and not of compulsion is come vnto vs from remote parts it beseemeth the Imperiall Maiestie to yeeld him all
Mare Caspium and on the North side there is a base Towne the which hath also a Bricke wall about it and so it ioyneth with the Castle wall The Emperour lieth in the Castle wherein are nine faire Churches and therein are Religious men Also there is a Metropolitan with diuers Bishops I will not stand in description of their buildings nor of the strength thereof because we haue better in all points in England They be well furnished with Ordnance of all sorts The Emperours or Dukes house neither in building nor in the outward shew nor yet within the house is so sumptuous as I haue seene It is very lowe built in eight square much like the old building of England with small windowes and so in other points Now to declare my comming before his Maiestie After I had remayned twelue dayes the Secretarie which hath the hearing of strangers did send for mee aduertising me that the Dukes pleasure was to haue me to come before his Maiestie with the King my Masters Letters whereof I was right glad and so I gaue mine attendance And when the Duke was in his place appointed the Interpreter came for mee into the outer Chamber where sate one hundred or moe Gentlemen all in cloth of Gold very sumptuous and from thence I came into the Counsell-chamber where sate the Duke himselfe with his Nobles which were a faire companie they sate round about the Chamber on high yet so that he himselfe sate much higher then any of his Nobles in a Chaire gilt and in a long garment of beaten Gold with an Imperiall Crowne vpon his head and a Staffe of Crystall and Gold in his right hand and his other hand halfe leâ—ning on his Chaire The Chancellour stood vp with the Secretarie before the Duke After my dutie done and my Letter deliuered he bade me welcome and enquired of mee the health of the King my Master and I answered that he was in good health at my departure from his Court and that my trust was that he was now in the same Vpon the which he bade me to dinner The Chancellor presented my Present vnto his Grace bare-headed for before they were all couered and when his Grace had receiued my Letter I was required to depart for I had charge not to speake to the Duke but when he spake to mee So I departed vnto the Secretaries Chamber where I remayned two houres and then I was sent for againe vnto another Palace which is called The golden Palace but I saw no cause why it should be so called for I haue seene many fairer then it in all points and so I came into the Hall which was small and not great as is the Kings Maiesties of England and the Table was couered with a Table-cloth and the Marshall sate at the end of the Table with a little white rod in his hand which Boord was full of vessell of Gold and on the other side of the Hall did stand a faire Cupboord of Plate From thence I came into the dining Chamber where the Duke himselfe sate at his Table without Cloth of estate in a Gowne of Siluer with a Crowne Imperiall vpon his head he sate in a Chaire somewhat high there sate none neere him by a great way There were long tables set round about the chamber which were full set with such as the Duke had at dinner they were all in white Also the places where the tables stood were higher by two steps then the rest of the house In the middest of the chamber stood a Table or Cupboord to set Plate on which stood full of Cups of Gold and amongst all the rest there stood foure maruellous great Pots or Crudences as they call them of Gold and Siluer I thinke they were a good yard and a halfe high By the Cupboard stood two Gentlemen with Napkins on their shoulders and in their hands each of them had a Cup of Gold set with Pearles and Precious Stones which were the Dukes owne drinking Cups when hee was disposed hee drunke them off at a draught And for his seruice at meate it came in without order yet it was very rich seruice for all were serued in Gold not onely be himselfe but also all the rest of vs and it was very massie the Cups also were of Gold and very massie The number that dined there that day was two hundred persons and all were serued in Golden Vessell The Gentlemen that wayted were all in Cloth of Gold and they serued him with their Caps on their heads Before the seruice came in the Duke sent to euery man a great shiuer of Bread and the Bearer called the party so sent to by his name aloude and said Iohn Basiliuich Emperour of Russia and great Duke of Moscouia doth reward thee with Bread then must all men stand vp and doe at all times when those words are spoken And then last of all hee giueth the Marshall Bread whereof he eateth before the Dukes Grace and so doth reuerence and departeth Then commeth the Dukes seruice of the Swans all in pieces and euery one in a seuerall dish the which the Duke sendeth as he did the Bread and the Bearer saith the same words as hee said before And as I said before the seruice of his meate is in no order but commeth in Dish by Dish and then after that the Duke sendeth drinke with the like saying as before is told Also before Dinner he changed his Crowne and in Dinner time two Crownes so that I saw three seuerall Crownes vpon his head in one day And thus when his seruice was all come in hee gaue to euery one of his Gentlemen Wayters meate with his owne hand and so likewise drinke His intent thereby is as I haue heard that euery man shall know perfectly his seruants Thus when Dinner is done hee calleth his Nobles before him name by name that it is wonder to heare how he could name them hauing so many as hee hath Thus when Dinner was done I departed to my Lodging which was an houre within night I will leaue this and speake no more of him nor his Houshold but I will somewhat declare of his Land and people with their nature and power in the Warres This Duke is Lord and Emperour of many Countries and his power is maruellous great For hee is able to bring into the field two or three hundred thousand men he neuer goeth into the field himselfe with vnder two hundred thousand men And when hee goeth himselfe hee furnisheth his Borders all with men of Warre which are no small number He leaueth on the Borders of Liefland fortie thousand men and vpon the borders of Letto sixtie thousand men and toward the Nagayan Tartars sixtie thousand which is wonder to heare of yet doth hee neuer take to his Warres neither Husbandman nor Merchant All his men are Horse-men hee vseth no Foot-men but such as goe with the Ordnance and Labourers which are thirtie
Emperour and great Duke of all Russia Volademer Moskoe and Nouogrode King of Casan and Astracan Lord of Vobskoe great Duke of Smolenskoe Tuer Huder Vghory Perme Viatsky Bolgory c. Lord and great Duke of Nouogrod in the Low Countreyes of Chernigo Rezan Polotskey Rostoue Geraslaue Bealozera Leifland Oudorskey Obdorskey Condingskey King of all Syberia and the North Coasts Commander of the Countreyes of Iuersky Grysinsky and Emperour of Kabardiuskey of Chirkasky and of the whole Countrey of Garskey and of many other Countreyes and Kingdomes Lord and Emperour to know of his Maiesties health of England the Queene and Princes The second being a Captayne of Gunners the Emperours Guard named Kazriâ—e Dauydowich Beaheetchoue pronouncing the Emperour and Princes Title said hee was sent from them to know his Lordships health and vsage with the Kings Gentlemen The third was one of the Secretaries named Pheodor Boulteene obseruing the former order did deliuer what he had in command from the Emperor Prince and Empresse to informe the Embassador of their much fauour towards him and the Kings Gentlemen in prouiding for his Honourable entertayne and ease a faire large house to lodge in Also that they three were sent from the Emperour Prince and Empresse to be his Prestaues to supply the Emperours goodnesse toward him to prouide his necessaries and deliuer any sute it pleased the Ambassadour to make to the Emperour To all which the Embassadour very wisely gaue answere as they made report vnto the Emperour So we all presently mounted againe the Prestaues on either hand of the Ambassadour his Horse and Foot-cloth being led by his Page some small distance his Coach behind that and some sixe thousand Gallants after behind all who at the Embassadors riding through the guard that was made for him very courteously bowed himselfe Thus was he followed by thousands and within the three wals of the Citie many hundreds of young Noblemen Gentlemen and rich Merchants well mounted begirt the wayes on euery side diuers on foot also euen to the gate of the house where the Embassadour was to be lodged which was some two miles Whether being come he was brought into his Bed-chamber by the Noblemen his Prestaues where with many thankes for their honourable paines they were dismist betaking themselues to their further affaires The next morning came three other Prestaues with the former to know of his Lordships health and how he had rested the night past withall that if his Lordship wanted any thing they all or any one of them were as commanded so readie to obey therein These with the Interpreter and sixe Gentlemen were most within the walls lodged in a house ouer the gate besides we had fiftie Gunners to attend and guard vs in our going abroad The eight of October being the fourth day after our comming to Musco the Prestaues came to his Lordship to let him vnderstand they heard he should goe vp the next day wherefore they desired his speech and Embassage to the Emperour and the rather that the Interpreter might as they pretended translate it To this purpose very earnestly at seuerall times they made demand The Embassadour answered that he was sent from a mightie Prince to bee his Embassadour to their Emperour and being sent to their Master he deemed it not only a dishonour to him but a weaknesse in them to require that at his hands The â—leuenth of October his Lordship being sent for by his Prestaues there wayting hauing excellent Iennets for himselfe the Kings Gentlemen and good horses for the rest as likewise two gallant white Palfreis to carrie or draw a rich Chariot one parcell of the great Present with his followers and the Emperours guard carrying the rest on each side the streets standing the Emperours guard with Peeces in their hands well apparelled to the number of two thousand by esteeme many Messengers posting betwixt the Court and our Prestaues Thus with much state softly riding till we came vnto the vtmost gate of the Court hauing passed through the great Castle before there his Lordship dismounted Then met him a great Duke named Knase Andriay Metowich Soomederoue with certayne Gentlemen to bring him vp So in order as we rode we ascended the staires and a stone Gallerie whereon each side stood many Nobles and Courtiers in faire Coates of Persian Stuffe Veluet Damaske c. At the entry to the great Chamber two Counsellors encountred the Embassadour to conduct him through that Roome round about which sat many graue and richly apparrelled Personages Then we entred the Presence whether being come and making obeysance we staid to heare but not vnderstand a very gallant Nobleman named Peter Basman deliuer the Emperours Title Then the particular of the Presents and some other Ceremonies which performed the Embassadour hauing libertie deliuered so much of his Embassage as the time and occasion then affoorded After which the Emperour arising from his Throne demanded of the King of Englands health the Princes and Queenes then of the Embassadors and the Kings Gentlemen and how they had beene vsed since they entred within his Dominions to all which with obeysance wee answered as was meete Then the young Prince demanded the very same The Embassador hauing taken the Kings Letter of his Gentleman Vsher went vp after his obeysance to deliuer it which the Lord Chancellor would haue intercepted But the Embassadour gaue it to the Emperours owne hands and his Majestie afterwards deliuered it to the Lord Chancellor who tooke it and shewing the superscription to the Emperour and Prince held it in his hand openly with the Seale towards them Then the Emperour called the Embassadour to kisse his hand which he did as likewise the Princes and with his face towards them returned Then did hee call for the Kings Gentlemen to kisse his hand and the Princes which they after obeysance made did accordingly Afterwards his Majestie inuited his Lordship the Kings Gentlemen and the rest to dine with him as likewise Master I. Mericke Agent by name who gaue his attendance there on the Embassadour and was now as diuers times very graciously vsed of the Emperour and Prince no stranger that I euer heard off like him in all respects Being entred the Presence we might behold the excellent Majestie of a mightie Emperour seated in a Chaire of Gold richly embroydered with Persian Stuffe in his right hand hee held a golden Scepter a Crowne of pure Gold vpon his head a Coller of rich stones and Pearles about his necke his outward Garments of Crimson Veluet embroydered very faire with Pearles Precious stones and Gold On his right side on equall height to his Throne standing a very faire Globe of beaten Gold on a Pyramis with a faire Crosse vpon it vnto which before hee spake he turned a little and crost himselfe Nigh that stood a faire Bason and Ewer which the Emperour often vseth daily Close by him in another Throne sat the Prince in an
neerer the Land so that wee iudged our selues three leagues off Here we sounded againe and had but eightie fathoms The variation of the Compasse we found to be 22. degrees and 10. minutes Westward At fiue of the clocke there sprung vp a fine gale of winde at East South-east and being so neere night wee stood to the Southward thinking the next day to seeke some harbour But it pleased God the next day being the twelfth to send vs a storme of foule weather the winde being at East and by South with fogge so that we could by no meanes get the shoare Thus wee were forced to beate vp and downe at Sea vntill it should please God to send vs better weather The foureteenth I thought good to stand to the Westward to search an Inlet in the latitude of 56. degrees I haue good hope of a passage that way by many great and probable reasons The fifteenth the winde continued at the South with exceeding faire weather and our course was West We were this day at noone in the latitude of 55. degrees and 31. 〈…〉 I found the variation to be 17. degrees and 1â— minutes to the Westward And about seuen of the clocke at night we descried the Land againe being tenne leagues to the Eastward of this Inlet This Land did beare from vs South-west some eight leagues off and about nine of the clocke the same night the winde came to the West which blew right against vs for our entring into this Inlet The sixteenth the winde was at West North-west and was very faire weather and our course South-west about nine of the clocke in the forenoone we came by a great Iland of Ice and by this Iland we found some peeces of Ice broken off from the said Iland And being in great want of fresh water wee hoysed out our Boates of both Shippes and loaded them twice with Ice which made vs very good fresh water This day at noone wee found our selues to be in the latitude of 55. degrees and twentie minutes when we had taken in our Ice and Boates the weather being very faire and cleare and the winde at West North-west we bent our course for the Land and about three of the clocke in the afternoone we were within three leagues of the shoare It is a very pleasant low Land but all Ilands and goodly sounds going betweene them toward the South-west This Land doth stand in the latitude of 55. degrees and I found the variation to be to the West â—8 degrees and 12. minutes This coast is voide of Ice vnlesse it be some great Ilands of Ice that come from the North and so by windes may be â—riuen vpon this chast Also we did finde the ayre in this place to be very temperite Truely there is in three seuerall places great hope of a passage betweene the latitude of 62. and 54. degrees if the fogge doe not hinder it which is all the feare I haue At sixe of the clocke wee being becalmed by the shoare there appeared vnto vs a great ledge of roâ—kes betweene vs and the shoare as though the Sea did flye ouer it with a great height As we all beheld it within one houre vpon a sudden it vanished cleanâ— away which seemed very strange vnto vs all And to the Eastward of vs some two leagues we saw a great Rocke lying some three leagues off the Land we then supposing it to be shoald water by this broken ground sounded but could get no ground in one hundred and sixtie fathoms About seuen of the clocke there sprung vp a gale of windâ— by the South South-east which was a very good winde to coast this Land But the seuenteenth in the morning the winde being at the South it began to blow so extreamely that we durst not stay by the shoare for it was like to be a great storme then our course was East North-east to get vs Sea roome This storme still increasing our slye-boates did receiue in much water for they wanted a Sparre-decke which wee found very dangerous for the Sea About twelue of the clocke at noone this day there rose vp a great showre in the West and presently the winde came out of this quarter with a whirle and taking vp the Sea into the ayre and blew so extreamely that we were forced alwayes to runne before the Sea howsoeuer the winde did blow And within twelue houres after this storme beganne the Sea was so much growen that we thought our flye Boates would not haue beene able to haue endured it The eighteenth the winde was at North-west and the storme increased more extreame and lasted vntill eight of the clocke in the morning of the nineteenth day so furious that to my remembrance I neuer felt a greater yet when we were in our greatest extremities the Lord deliuered vs his vnworthy seruants And if the winde with so great a storme had bin either Northerly or Southerly or Easterly but one day we had all perished against the Rocks or the Ice for wee were entred thirty leagues within a Head-land of an Inlet in the latitude of 56. degrees But it pleased God to send vs the winde so faire as we could desire both to cleare our selues of the Land and Ice Which opportunitie caused vs for this time to take our leaues of the coast of America and to shape our course for England The fourth in the morning wee descried the Iland of Silly North-east and by East some foure leagues off vs. Then wee directed our course East and by North and at tenne of the clocke in the forenoone wee descried the Lands end and next day were forced to put into Dartmouth CHAP. XIV IAMES HALL his Voyage forth of Denmarke for the discouery of Greeneland in the yeare 1605. abbreuiated IN the name of God Amen we set sayle from Copeman-hauen in Denmarke the second day of May in the yeare of our redemption 1605. with two Shippes and a Pinnace The Admirall called the Frâ—st a shippe of the burthen of thirty or fortie lasts wherein was Captaine and chiefe commander of the whole Fleet Captaine Iohn Cunningham a Scottish Gentleman seruant vnto the Kings Maiestie of Denmarke my selfe being principall Pilot. The Lyon Viceadmirall being about the foresaid burthen wherein was Captaine one Godscâ—â—â— Lindenose a Danish Gentleman and Steereman of the same one Peter Kilsâ—n of Copeman-hauen The Pinnace a Barke of the burthen of twelue Lasts or thereabouts wherein was Steereman or commander one Iohn Knight my Countrie-man So setting sayle from Copeman-hauen with a faire gale of winde Easterly wee came vnto Elsonure where we anchored to take in our water The third day we tooke in our water at which time the Captaines my selfe with the Lieutenants and the other Steeremen did thinke it conuenient to set downe certaine Articles for the better keeping of company one with another to which Articles or couenants wee were all seuerally sworne setting thereunto our
Mexico dated in the moneth of December 1591. With a Letter added written 1605. of later Discoueries H. pag. 1562. A Letter written from Valladolid by Ludouicus Tribaldus Toletus to Master Richard Hakluyt translated out of Latine touching Iuan de Onate his Discoueries in New Mexico fiue hundred leagues to the North from the Old Mexico H. pag. 1565. The Prologue of the Bishop Frier Bartholomew de las Casas or Casaus to the most high and mightie Prince Our Lord Don Philip Prince of Spaine pag 1568. CHAP. IIII. A briefe Narration of the destruction of the Indies by the Spaniards written by a Frier Bartholmew de las Casas a Spaniard and Bishop of Chiapa in America pag. 1569. Of the I le of Hispaniola pag. 1570. Of the two Iles Saint Iohn Iamayca pag. 1573 Of the I le of Cuba ibid. Of Terra Firma or the firme Land pag. 1575 Of the Prouince of Nicaragua pag. 1576. Of New Spaine pag. 1577. Of the Prouince and Realme of Guatimala pag. 1579. Of New Spaine and Panuco and Xalisco pag. 1580. Of the Realme of Yucatan pag. 1581. Of the Prouince of Saint Martha pag. 1583. Of the Prouince of Carthagene pag. 1584. Of the Coast of Pearles and of Paria and of the I le of the Trinitie ibid. Of the Riuer Yuia pari pag. 1587. Of the Realme of Venesuela ibid. Of the Prouinces of the firme Land or quarter that is called Florida pag. 1589. Of the Riuer of La plata ibid. Of the mightie Realmes and large Prouinces of Peru. ibid. Of the new Realme of Granado pag. 1591. Part of a Letter written by one which saw things mentioned pag. 1596. The summe of the Disputation betweene Frier Bartholomew de las Casas or Casaus and Doctor Sepulueda pag. 1601. CHAP. V. Notes of Voyages and Plantations of the French in the Northerne America both in Florida and Canada pag. 1603. CHAP. VI. The Voyage of Samuel Champlaine of Brouage made vnto Canada in the yeere 1603. dedicated to Charles de Montmorencie c. High Admirall of France H. pag. 1605 CHAP. VII The Patent of the French King to Monsieur de Monts for the Inhabiting of the Countries of La Cadia Canada and other places in New France pag. 1619. The Voyage of Monsieur de Monts into New France written by Marke Lescarbot pag. 1620. CHAP. VIII Collections out of a French Booke called Additions to Noua Francia contayning the Accidents there from the yeere 1607. to 1611. pag. 1642. CHAP. IX The first Plantation of English Colonies in Virginia briefly mentioned pag. 1645. CHAP. X. The Relation of Captaine Gosnols Voyage to the North part of Virginia begun the six and twentieth of March Anno 42. Elizabethae Reginae 16â—2 and deliuered by Gabriel Archer a Gentleman in the said Voyage H. pag. 1647. CHAP. XI Notes of the same Voyage taken out of a Tractate written by Iames Rosier to Sir Walter Raileigh and of Maces Voyage to Virginia pag. 1651. CHAP. XII A Voyage set out from the Citie of Bristoll at the charge of the chiefest Merchants and Inhabitants of of the said Citie with a small Ship and a Barke for the Discouery of the North part of Virginia in the yeere 1603. vnder the command of mee Martin Pringe H. pag. 1654. A Relation of the voyage made to Virginia in the Elizabeth of London a Barke of fiftie tunnes by Captaine Bartholmew Gilbert in the yeere 1603. Written by Master Thomas Canner a Gentleman of Barnards Inne his Companion in the same Voyage H. pag. 1656. CHAP. XIII Extracts of a Virginian Voyage made An. 1604. by Captaine George Waymouth in the Archangell Set foorth by the Right Honourable Henrie Earle of South-hampton and the Lord Thomas Arundel written by Iames Rosier H.P. pag. 1659 CHAP. XIIII The description of the Ilands of Azores or the Flemish Ilands taken out of Linschoten with certaine occurrents and English acts pag. 1667. Of certaine notable and memorable Accidents that happened during my continuance in Tercera in which are related many English Fleets Sea-fights and Prizes pag. 1672. The Contents of the Chapters and Paragraphs in the Ninth Booke of the Second part of Purchas his PILGRIMS CHAP. I. PArt of the first Patent granted by his Maiestie for the Plantation of Virginia Aprill the tenth 1606. pag. 1683. CHAP. II. Obseruations gathered out of a Discourse of the Plantation of the Southerne Colonie in Virginia by the English 1606. Written by that Honorable Gentleman Master George Percy H. pag. 1684 CHAP. III. The Description of Virginia by Captaine Iohn Smith inlarged out of his written Notes pag. 1691. Of such things which are naturall in Virginia and how they vse them pag. 1694. Of their planted Fruits in Virginia and how they vse them pag. 1696. Of the naturall Inhabitants of Virginia and their Customes pag. 1697. Of their Religion pag. 1701. Of the manner of the Virginians Gouernment pag. 1703. CHAP. IIII. The proceedings of the English Colonie in Virginia taken faithfully out of the writings of Thomas Studley Cape-Merchant Anas Todkill Doctor Russell Nathaniel Powell William Phetiplace and Richard Pot Richard Wiffin Tho. Abbay Tho. Hope and since enlarged out of the Writings of Captaine Iohn Smith principall Agent and Patient in these Virginian Occurrents from the beginning of the Plantation 1606. till Anno 1610. somewhat abbreuiated pag. 1705. The Proceedings and Accidents with the second suppy pag. 1719. CHAP. V. A Letter of Master Gabriel Archer touching the Voyage of the Fleet of Ships which arriued at Virginia without Sir Thomas Gates and Sir George Summers 1609. H. pag. 1733. CHAP. VI. A true reportorie of the wracke and redemption of Sir Thomas Gates Knight vpon and from the Ilands of the Bermudas his comming to Virginia and the estate of that Colonie then and after vnder the Gouernment of the Lord La Warre Iuly 15. 1610. written by Wil. Strachy Esq H. p. 1734 § 1. A most dreadfull Tempest the manifold deaths whereof are heere to the life described their Wracke on Bermuda and the description of those Ilands pag. 1734. § 2. Actions and Occurrents whiles they continued in the Ilands Rauens sent for Virginia Diuers Mutinies Paine executed Two Pinnaces built pag. 1742. § 3. Their departure from Bermuda and arriuall in Virginia Miseries there departure and returne vpon the Lord La Warres arriuing Iames Towne described pag. 1747. § 4. The Lord La Warres beginnings and proceedings in Iames Towne Sir Thomas Gates sent into England his and the Companies testimony of Virginia and cause of the late miseries pag. 1754. CHAP. VII The Voyage of Captaine Samuell Argal from Iames Towne in Virginia to seeke the I le of Bermuda and missing the same his putting ouer toward Sagadahoc and Cape Cod and so backe againe to Iames Towne begun the nineteenth of Iune 1610. H. pag. 1758. CHAP. VIII A short Relation made by the Lord De la Warre to the Lords and others of the Counsell of Virginia touching his vnexpected returne home and
Ferrie-boates ouer that part of the Riuer First they ferried vs ouer and then our Carts putting one wheele into one Liter and the other wheele into another Liter hauing bound both the Liters together and so they rowed them ouer In this place our Guide played the foole most extreamely For he imagining that the said Russians dwelling in the Cottage should haue prouided vs Horses sent home the Beasts which wee brought with vs in another Cart that they might returne vnto their owne Masters And when we demanded to haue some beasts of them they answered that they had a priuiledge from Baatu whereby they were bound to none other seruice but onely to ferrie ouer Goers and Commers and that they receiued great tribute of Merchants in regard thereof Wee staied therefore by the said Riuers side three daies The first day they gaue vnto vs a great fresh Turbut the second day they bestowed Rye bread and a little flesh vpon vs which the Purueyer of the Village had taken vp at euery house for vs and the third day dryed Fishes which they haue there in great aboundance The said Riuer was euen as broade in that place as the Riuer of Sein is at Paris And before wee came there wee passed ouer many goodly waters and full of Fish howbeit the barbarous and rude Tartars know not how to take them neither doe they make any reckoning of any Fish except it bee so great that they may prey vpon the flesh thereof as vpon the flesh of a Ram. This Riuer is the limit of the East part of Russia and it springeth out of the Fâ—nnes of Maeotis which Fennes stretch vnto the North Ocean And it runneth Southward into a certaine great Sea seuen hundred miles about before it falleth into the Sea called Pontus Euxinus And all the Riuers which we passed ouer ran with full streame into those quarters The foresaid Riuer hath great store of wood also growing vpon the West side thereof Beyond this place the Tartars ascend no farther vnto the North for at that season of the yeere about the first of August they begin to returne backe vnto the South And therefore there is another Cottage somewhat lower where Passengers are ferried ouer in Winter time and in this place we were driuen to great extremitie by reason that we could get neither Horses nor Oxen for any money At length after I had declared vnto them that my comming was to labour for the common good of all Christians they sent vs Oxen and Men howbeit wee our selues were faine to trauell on foot At this time they were reaping their Rye Wheate prospereth not well in that soile They haue the seed of Millium in great abundance The Russian women attire their heads like vnto our women They embroider their Safegards or Gownes on the outside from their feet vnto their knees with partie-coloured or grey stuffe The Russian men weare Caps like vnto the Dutch men Also they weare vpon their heads certaine sharpe and high-crowned Hats made of Felt much like vnto a Sugar-loafe Then trauailed we three daies together not finding any people And when our selues and our Oxen were exceeding wearie and faint not knowing how farre off we should find any Tartars on the sudden there came two Horses running towards vs which we tooke with great ioy and our Guide and Interpreter mounted vpon their backs to see how farre off they could descrie any people At length vpon the fourth day of our iourney hauing found some Inhabitants we reioyced like Sea faring men which had escaped out of a dangerous Tempest and had newly recouered the Hauen Then hauing taken fresh Horses and Oxen we passed on from lodging to lodging till at the last vpon the second of the Kalends of August we arriued at the habitation of Duke Sartach himselfe THe Region lying beyond Tanais is a very goodly Countrey hauing store of Riuers and Woods toward the North part thereof There are mightie huge Woods which two sorts of people doe inhabit One of them is called Moxel being meere Pagans and without Law They haue neither Townes nor Cities but onely Cottages in the Woods Their Lord and a great part of themselues were put to the Sword in high Germanie Whereupon they highly commend the braue courage of the Almans hoping as yet to be deliuered out of the bondage of the Tartars by their meanes If any Merchant come vnto them hee must prouide things necessary for him with whom hee is first of all entertained all the time of his abode among them If any lyeth with another mans wife her husband vnlesse he be an eye-witnesse thereof regardeth it not for they are not iealous ouer their wiues They haue abundance of Hogs and great store of Honie and Waxe and diuers sorts of rich and costly Skins and plentie of Faulcons Next vnto them are other people called Merclas which the Latines call Merdui and they are Saracens Beyond them is the Riuer of Etilia or Volga which is the mightiest Riuer that euer I saw And it issueth from the North part of Bulgaria the greater and so trending along Southward disimboqueth into a certaine Lake containing in circuit the space of foure moneths trauell whereof I will speake hereafter The two foresaid Riuers namely Tanais and Etilia otherwise called Volga towards the Northerne Regions through the which we trauailed are not distant asunder aboue ten daies iourney but Southward they are diuided a great space one from another For Tanais descendeth into the Sea of Pontus Etilia maketh the foresaid Sea or Lake with the helpe of many other Riuers which fall there into out of Persia. And wee had to the South of vs huge high Mountaines vpon the sides thereof towards the said Desart doe the people called Cergiâ— and the Alani or Acas inhabit who are as yet Christians and wage warre against the Tartars Beyond them next vnto the Sea or Lake of Etilia there are certaine Saracens called Lesgi who are in subiection vnto the Tartars Beyond these is Porta ferrea or the Iron gate now called Derbent which Alexander built to exclude the barbarous Nations out of Persia. Concerning the situation whereof your Maiestie shall vnderstand more about the end of this Treatise for I trauailed in my returne by the very same place Betweene the two foresaid Riuers in the Regions through the which we passed did the Comanians of old time inhabit before they were ouerrun by the Tartars ANd wee found Sartach lying within three daies iourney of the Riuer Etâ—lia whose Court seemed vnto vs to be very great For he himselfe had six wiues and his eldest sonne also had three wiues euery one of which women hath a great house and they haue each one of them about two hundred Carts Our guide went vnto a certaine Nestorian named Coiat who is a man of great authoritie in Sartachs Court He made vs to goe very farre vnto the Lords gate For so
by an hideous Gulfe into the bowels of the earth and it caused many Fennes or Lakes Also I saw many Vines and dranke of the Wine thereof THe day following we came vnto another Cottage neere vnto the Mountaynes And I enquired what Mountaynes they were which I vnderstood to bee the Mountaines of Caucasus which are stretched forth and continued on both parts to the Sea from the West vnto the East and on the West part they are conioyned vnto the foresaid Caspian Sea where into the Riuer of Volga dischargeth his streames I enquired also of the Citie of Talas wherein were certaine Dutch men seruants vnto one Buri of whom Frier Andrew made mention Concerning whom also I enquired very diligently in the Courts of Sartach and Baatu Howbeit I could haue no intelligence of them but onely that their Lord and Master Ban was put to death vpon the occasion following This Ban was not placed in good and fertile Pastures And vpon a certaine day being drunken hee spake on this wise vnto his men Am not I of the stocke and kindred of Chingis Can as well as Baatu for in very deede he was brother or Nephew vnto Baatu Why then doe I not passe and repasse vpon the banke of Etilia to feede my Cattell there as freely as Baatu himselfe doth Which speeches of his were reported vnto Baatu Whereupon Baatu wrote vnto his seruants to bring their Lord bound vnto him And they did so Then Baatu demanded of him whether he had spoken any such words And he confessed that he had Howbeit because it is the Tartars manner to pardon drunken men he excused himselfe that he was drunken at the same time How durst thou quoth Baatu once name mee in thy drunkennesse And with that hee caused his head to be chopt off Concerning the foresaid Dutch men I could not vnderstand ought till I was come vnto the Court of Mangu-Can And there I was informed that Mangu-Can had remoued them out of the iurisdiction of Baatu for the space of a moneths iourney from Talas Eastward vnto a certaine Village called Bolac where they are set to dig gold and to make armour Whereupon I could neither goe nor come by them I passed very neere the said Citie in going forth as namely within three daies iourney thereof but I was ignorant that I did so neither could I haue turned out of my way albeit I had knowne so much From the foresaid Cottage we went directly Eastward by the Mountaines aforesaid And from that time we trauailed among the people of Mangu-Can who in all places sang and danced before our Guide because he was the messenger of Baatu For this curtesie they doe afford each to other namely the people of Mangu-Can receiuing the messengers of Baatu in manner aforesaid and so likewise the people of Baatu entertaining the messengers of Mangu-Can Notwithstanding the people of Baatu are more surly and stout and shew not so much curtesie vnto the subiects of Mangu-Can as they doe vnto them A few daies after we entered vpon those Alpes where the Cara Catayans were wont to inhabit And there we found a mightie Riuer insomuch that we were constrained to imbarke our selues and to saile ouer it Afterward we came into a certaine Valley where I saw a Castle destroyed the walls whereof were onely of mudde and in that place the ground was tilled also And there wee found a certaine Village named Equius wherein were Saracens speaking the Persian language howbeit they dwelt an huge distance from Persia. The day following hauing passed ouer the foresaid Alpes which descended from the great Mountaynes Southward wee entred into a most beautifull Plaine hauing high Mountaynes on our right hand and on the left hand of vs a certaine Sea or Lake which containeth fifteene daies iourney in circuit All the foresaid Plaine is most commodiously watered with certaine Freshets distilling from the said Mountaynes all which doe fall into the Lake In Summer time we returned by the North shoare of the said Lake and there were great Mountaines on that side also Vpon the fore-named Plaine there were wont to bee great store of Villages but for the most part they were all wasted in regard of the fertile Pastures that the Tartars might feede their Cattell there We found one great Citie there named Coilaâ— wherein was a Mart and great store of Merchants frequenting it In this Citie wee remained fifteene daies staying for a certaine Scribe or Secretarie of Baatu who ought to haue accompanied our Guide for the dispatching of certaine affaires in the Court of Mangu All this Countrey was wont to bee called Organum and the people thereof had their proper language and their peculiar kind of writing But it was altogether inhabited of the people called Contomanni The Nestorians likewise in those parts vse the very same kind of language and writing They are called Organa because they were wont to bee most skilfull in playing vpon the Organs or Citherne as it was reported vnto mee Here first did I see worshippers of Idols concerning whom bee it knowne vnto your Maiestie that there bee many sects of them in the East Countries THe first sort of these Idolaters are called Iugures whose Land bordereth vpon the foresaid Land of Organum within the said Mountaines Eastward and in all their Cities Nestorians doe inhabit together and they are dispersed likewise towards Persia in the Cities of the Saracens The Citizens of the foresaid Citie of Cailac had three Idol-temples and I entred into two of them to behold their foolish superstitions In the first of which I found a man hauing a Crosse painted with Inke vpon his hand whereupon I supposed him to be a Christian for he answered like a Christian vnto all questions which I demanded of him And I asked him Why therefore haue you not the Crosse with the Image of Iesu Christ thereupon And he answered We haue no such custome Whereupon I coniectured that they were indeed Christians but that for lacke of instruction they omitted the foresaid ceremonie For I saw there behind a certaine Chest which was vnto them in stead of an Altar whereupon they set Candles and Oblationâ— an Image hauing wings like vnto the Image of Saint Michael and other Images also holding their fingers as if they would blesse some body That euening I could not find any thing else For the Saracens doe onely inuite men thither but they will not haue them speake of their Religion And therefore when I enquired of the Saracens concerning such Ceremonies they were offended thereat On the morrow after were the Kalends and the Saracens feast of Passeouer And changing mine Inne or lodging the same day I tooke vp mine aboade neere vnto another Idol-Temple For the Citizens of the said Citie of Cailac doe curteously inuite and louingly entertaine all messengers euery man of them according to his abilitie and portion And entring into the foresaid
full fiftie leagues into the Countrey newly conquered It seemed vnto him a thing too much derogating from the greatnesse of the Emperour the maiestie of whose person hee represented if he went any further to see this barbarous King being more fit that he should come forward into the Countrey conquered lately from him by Odmar after he had obtayned the victory then to goe into his Countreys although he had subiected them vnto the Emperour and did pay a very great tribute So the King of China arriued within a league of Pochio with all his Court hee set forward vnto a Plaine where he and Prince Axalla did see each other who was much better accompanied from whom the King did as much differ as from the Emperours owne person They met three seuerall times together the King desired to bee admitted into a Citie which the Emperour had granted vnto him by the treatie Prince Odmar declared that it was of great importance therefore Prince Axalla was by the Emperour appointed for to bee Iudge of this controuersie In the end they required another further within the Countrey the which the King accepted so hee was put into possession of that Citie the situation whereof was very pleasant being compassed about with a Lake Axalla hauing discouered that this barbarous King did earnestly desire it onely for his pleasure and not for any other euill intent the Citie which hee deliuered being seated vpon a Riuer further within his Countrey and that other within our Countrey compassed about with our fortresses but Odmar did not allow of that and supposed it to bee for an euill purpose as for to contriue some new practises Odmar being an olde man who knew the Kings vnfaithfulnesse although hee had made him know it well enough vnto his smart hauing as I haue said wonne twenty or thirty Cities from him and aboue fourescore leagues of Countrey at such time as hee obtayned the last Battell during the time that the Emperour was in his last Voyage against the Persians So the enteruiew continued yet betweene Prince Axalla and the King of China on the Plaine a Tent being pitched whither Prince Axalla did come vnto him whom hee continually honoured as much as the Emperours owne person where after they had long time treated by Interpreters it was in the end agreed that the King of China should enter againe into Quinanci not suffering him to put any Garrison into it nor to fortifie the same but euen as a Prisoner and Subiect vnto the Emperour hee should enioy it and it should bee his owne enioying all the reuenue thereof neither should hee carrie any kingly Ensignes without the expresse leaue of the Gouernour for the Emperour hee should notwithstanding haue a guard of three hundred men for his person and should giue knowledge vnto the said Gouernour of his iourney before he entred into the Emperours Countries the which hee must passe for to goe thither Now the Citie was situated in the middest of a very great Lake in the which were many Ilands wherein there were an infinite number of houses of pleasure and it had beene alwaies a very delicate place where the Kings of China were wont to recreate themselues in all kindes of pleasures that were there to be found in so much as this barbarous King did not respect the conditions propounded vnto him so as he might make his abode there as it were in an Hermitage Hauing left vnto his brother the gouernment of his whole Kingdome through the displeasure he had of his bondage whereunto he was brought a courage certainly magnanimous and worthie a Nation made ciuill with the best learning and vnworthie the name of a Barbarian wherewith we called him Three times in the weeke at Samercand Tamerlan ministred open iustice vnto the meanest in his Imperiall Maiestie a thing which made him beloued of the people ouer whom hee commanded In the other dayes hee gaue secret audience for the affaires of his Estate and tooke aduice for matters of importance which were decided daily in his presence He had such seueritie in his counsell that they must needs deale truely before him and without all passion in discoursing notwithstanding he alwaies shewed himselfe courteous in his conuersation and made himselfe both beloued and feared of his people hee neuer changed his seruants except they committed great faults against him of all the seruants of the late Emperour his Vncle he did not change one of them but hee did withall encrease their estates making them in this change to feele his liberalitie which he made strangers for to taste also vnto whom he was accustomed to giue to binde them vnto him He drew great store of money yeerely for tribute of the Moscouite but he distributed it within the same countrey for to maintayne his authoritie there winning those for his which might haue hurt him by meanes of giuing vnto them Hee had great care of his reuenues and he had such a readinesse that he did see his estate from three moneths vnto three moneths within one houre both the ordinarie and extraordinarie expences they presented it so well digested vnto him But our haste of other voyages permits not our stay here Onely we will adde that after 〈◊〉 things ordered Sicknesse arrested and Death conquered this great Conquerour and this Traueller trauelled the way of all flesh into another world Presently after his death they ranne to call his sonne who as soone as he was come shut his eyes powring out teares as also did all his seruants The Prince Sautochio his eldest sonne within two houres after was proclaymed Emperour throughout â—ll the whole Armie and dispatches were made from all parts to aduertise the Gouernours of Prouinces thereof the Letters being signed with the hand of the new Emperour who hauing assembled all the Armie together hee made an Oration vnto the Captaines and Souldiers and caused them to make a generall muster gratifying all the ancient Seruants of the Emperour his Father he would not dispose of any thing before he had seene Prince Axalla and was ioyned with the Imperiall Armie This young Prince when he came vnto this Empire was nineteene yeeres old hee was faire and had much of the Emperor his Fathers naturall disposition They hoped that hee would wisely through the good counsell that was about him maintayne this great Empire but they feared greatly the young Prince Letrochio his brother whom his mother loued would cause diuisions as it happened in the times of their great grand-father betweene two brethren who had beene occasion of the destruction of their estate the which was releeued and lifted vp againe vnto his height by the valour of Tamerlan CHAP. IX Reports of GHAGGI MEMET a Persian of Tabas in the Prouince of Chilan touching his Trauels and Obseruations in the Countrey of the Great Can vnto M. G. BAPTISTA RAMVSIO HE said that he had beene at Succuir and Campion Cities of the Prouince of
and of Embassadors EVery one that in China hath any office command or dignitie by the King is called Louthia which is to say with vs SenÌ„or How this Title is giuen him we will in his place make mention of it There are in euery Prouince of China one thousand Louthias or according to others three thousand besides those that are resident in the Court by whom are ordayned all matters of the Kingdome and to whom come all the waightie matters of all the Realme And because they are to dispatch with the King and conuerse with him within doores and it is not lawfull for other to conuerse with them neither doe other see them and they haue entrance where the Wiues of the King are which are many they are commonly Eunuchs In euery Prouince are fiue which among the rest are most principall which haue a very great authoritie and majestie in their persons and are greatly reuerenced and honored not onely of the common people but also of all the other Lothyas The principall of the fiue is the Gouernour which in their language is called Tutom to this come all matters both great and small of all the Prouince and for the authoritie and majestie of his person he is not resident where the other Lothyas that hee may not bee frequented of them and so he may be more esteemed and feared To these come all the Rents of the Prouinces except the ordinarie expences and by him as well the businesses as the Rents that are gathered and all that hapneth in the Prouinces are referred and sent to the Court The second dignitie of the Prouinces is the Ouer-seers of the goods which in their language is called Ponchassi this hath the care to send to recouer through all the Prouince the Rents thereof for the which hee hath many Lothyas vnder his iurisdiction which are particular Officers for the businesses and recoueries of the goods This prouideth all the ordinarie charges of the Prouince and with that which remayneth he resorteth to the Tutom that he may send it to the Court this may enter-meddle in graue matters of the other Officers inferiour and hath authoritie ouer them Likewise all the matters and affaires of the Prouince resort vnto him to bee referred by him to the Tutom Another chiefe dignitie vnder this is the chiefe Iustice which in their language is called Anchasi and though there be many other Officers of Iustice this is aboue all and by him are the dispatches distributed to the rest and all matters of Iustice resort vnto him as one that hath authoritie of the other inferiour Another dignitie vnder this is the chiefe Captaine who in their tongue is called Aitao To this Aitao pertayneth to command to prepare the men of warre and all that is necessarie of shipping and victuals and all other prouision against Enemies and against Theeues to this belong also the businesses of strangers in cases which belong not to the goods The fift and last of the great dignities is of the chiefe Captaine which putteth in execution the matters of warre and is resident in the Armies which the Aitao being a land doth ordayne when it is necessarie besides the putting matters in execution and order if the matter require his presence he goeth in person and so important may the matter be that the Aitao will goe This is called in the Countrie language Inthissi In the house of euery one of these except the Luthissi which is the inferiour of the fiue are other ten which are as Assistants and are also of great authoritie fiue of these doe sit at the right hand of the Principal in fiue chaires recited before when we spake of the buildings and fiue doe sit on the left hand these in matters of importance are at the dispatching with the principall of the house and the Principall dying or by any other meanes wanting one of these according to his antiquitie remayneth in his stead and if it be necessary to goe through the Prouince about some matter of importance that appertayneth to the dignitie in whose house they assist one of these doe goe with all the authoritie of the Principall The fiue that sit on the right hand haue a greater degree and dignitie then the fiue on the left hand And as the dignitie consisteth in their Girdles and Canopies those of the right hand weare Girdles of gold and Canopies of yellow and those of the left hand weare Girdles of siluer and Canopies of blew or of changeable colour The Girdles are little lesse then three fingers broad and an inch thick and all about of gold or of siluer very well wrought made of peeces The Canopies are very large and faire which an Officer doth beare vpon a staffe a fathom long of a Cloue tree very faire and they are lined with silke Besides these Assistants and the fiue Principall there is among the inferiour one of greater dignitie which is the chiefe Iaylor whom they call Taissu which haue very great houâ—es of great receipts where they haue great prisons but neither this nor any that are vnder may weare girdle of gold nor siluer nor a yellow Canopie except hee bee an Officer or Captaine of men of warre that for fauour of a Gentleman may haue a yellow Canopie the rest weare girdles of Tartaruga or of other matter made like them of gold or siluer and their Canopies are of changeable stuffe or blew and all these Inferiour doe speake to the Superiour when they are before them on their knees and doe kneele as long as they are with them except the Taissu who when he commeth in kneeleth and riseth vp presently and is alwayes standing Euery one of the great ones haue many inferiour Officers vnder his iurisdiction for the matters and businesses necessary to the Office of euery one all which as they are the Kings officers haue the Title of Lothias and their badges or signes The fiue Principall with their Assistants doe weare for a Badge the Kings Armes on their brests and on their backs which are certayne Serpents wouen with gold thred Euery yeere there is one sent to euery Prouince as a Iustice which is called Chaen which commeth to take account of all the Lothias great and small and examineth all the Students and chooseth Louthias and visiteth the Prisons and all that is necessary to be seene and prouided for in all the Prouince He vseth all meanes to spie out their briberie and injustice and hath power to displace or preferre When this entreth newly into this Citie it is not lawfull for any to worke they shut their doores and no body walketh through the street and to preserue his worship and authoritie they will not boldly communicate in sight of the people and many Officers with Banners displayed of crimson silke and all the Louthias both great and small are bound to goe and meet him The same entertainment is vsed to euery one of
to discouer by Sea North-east and North-west named for Cathay being chiefly procured by priuiledge from King Edward the sixt and other his Nobilitie by and at the cost and sute of Master Sebastian Cabota then Gouernour for Discoueries with Sir Andrew Iudde Sir George Barnes Sir William Garrard Master Anthony Hussie and a companie of Merchants was in the last yeere of his Maiesties raigne 1553. The generall charge whereof was committed to one Sir Hugh Willoughbie Knight a goodly Gentleman accompanied with sufficient number of Pilots Masters Merchants and Marriners hauing three Ships well furnished to wit The Bona Sperança the Edward Bonauenture and the Confidentia The Edward Bonauenture Richard Chancelor being Pilot and Steuen Burrough Master hauing discouered Ward-house vpon the Coast of Finmark by storme or fogge departed from the rest found the Bay of Saint Nicholas now the chiefe Port of Russia there wintred in safetie and had ayde of the people at a Village called Newnox The other two ships attempting further Northwards as appeared by Pamphlets found after written by Sir Hugh Willoughbie were in September encountred with such extreame cold that they put backe to seeke a wintring place and missing the said Bay fell vpon a desaâ—t Coast in Lappia entring into a Riuer immediately frozen vp since discouered named Arzina Reca distant East from a Russian Monasterie of Monkes called Pechingho from whence they neuer returned but all to the member of seuentie persons perished which was for want of experience to haue madâ— Caues and Stoues These were found with the Ships the next Summer Anno 1554. by Russe-fishermen and in Anno 1555. the place sent vnto by English Merchants as hereafter appeareth Anno 1554. the said ship Edward Bonauenture although robbed homewards by Flemings returned with her companie to London shewing and setting foorth their entertainments and discouerie of the Countries euen to the Citie of Mosco from whence they brought a priuiledge written in Russe with the Kings or great Dukes seale the other two ships looked for and vnknowne to them where they were Anno 1555. the said companie of Merchants for a discouerie vpon a new supply sent thither againe with two Ships to wit the Edward Bonauenture and another bearing the name of the King and Queene Philip and Marie whose Maiesties by their Letters to the said Muscouite recommended sundry their subiects then passing whereof certaine to wit Richard Chancelor George Killingworth Henrie Lane and Arthur Edwards after their arriuall at the Bay and passing vp Dwina to Nologda went first vp to Mosco where vpon knowledge of the said Letters they with their trayne had speciall entertainment with houses and dyet appointed and shortly permitted to the Princes presence they were with Gentlemen brought through the Citie of Mosco to the Castle and Palace replenished with numbers of people and some gunners They entred sundry roomes furnished in shew with ancient graue personages all in long garments of sundry colours Gold Tissue Baldekin and Violet as our Vestments and Copes haue beene in England sutable with Caps Iewels and Chaines These were found to bee no Courtiers but ancient Muscouites Inhabitants and other their Merchants of credit as the manner is furnished thus from the Wardrobe and Treasurie waiting and wearing this apparell for the time and so to restore it Then entring into the Presence being a large roome floored with Carpets were men of more estate and richer shew in number aboue one hundred set square who after the said English-men came in doing reuerence they all stood vp the Prince onely sitting and yet rising at any occasion when our King and Queenes names were read or spoken Then after speeches by interpretation our men kissing his hand and bidden to dinner were stayed in another roome and at dinner brought through where might bee seene massie siluer and gilt Plate some like and as bigge as Kilderkins and Wash-bowles and entring the Dining place being the greater roome the Prince was set bare-headed his Crowne and rich Cap standing vpon a pinacle by Not farre distanâ— sate his Metropolitan with diuers other of his kindred and chiefe Tartarian Captaines none sate ouer against him or any at other Tables their backes towards him which tables all furnished with ghests set there was for the English-men named by the Russes Ghosti Carabelski to wit Strangers or Merchants by ship a table in the midst of the roome where they were set direct against the Prince and then began the seruice brought in by a number of his young Lords and Gentlemen in such rich attire as is aboue specified and still from the Princes table notwithstanding their owne furniture they had his whole messes set ouer all in massie fine Gold deliuered euery time from him by name to them by their seuerall Christian names as they sate viz. Richard George Henrie Arthur Likewise Bread and sundry drinkes of purified Mead made of fine white and clarified Honey At their rising the Prince called them to his table to receiue each one a Cup from his hand to drinke and tooke into his hand Master George Killingworths beard which reacheth ouer the table and pleasantly deliuered it the Metropolitane who seeming to blesse it said in Râ—sse This is Gods gift As indeed at that time it was not onely thicke broad and yellow coloured but in length fiue foote and two inches of assize Then taking leaue being night they were accompanied and followed with a number carrying pots of drinke and dishes of meate dressed to our lodging This yeere the two Ships with the dead bodyes of Sir Hugh Willoughbie and his people were sent vnto by Master Killingworth which remayned there in Mosco Agent almost two yeeres and much of the goods and victuals were recouered and saued Anno 1556. The Companie sent two Ships for Russia with extraordinarie Masters and Saylers to bring home the two ships which were frozen in Lappia in the riuer of Arzina aforesaid The two ships sent this yeere from England sayling from Lapland to the Bay of Saint Nicholas tooke in lading with passengers to wit a Russe Ambassadour named Ioseph Napea and some of his men shipped with Richard Chancelor in the Edward But so it fell out that the two which came from Lappia with all their new Master and Marriners neuer were heard of but in foule weather and wrought Seas after their two yeeres wintring in Lapland became as is supposed vnstanch and sunke wherein were drowned also diuers Russes Merchants and seruants of the Ambassadour A third ship the Edward aforesaid falling on the North part of Scotland vpon a rocke was also lost and Master Chancelor with diuers other drowned The said Russe Ambassadour hardly escaping with other his men Marriners and some goods saued were sent for into Scotland from the King Queene and Merchants the messenger being Master Doctor Laurence Hussie and others And then as in the Chronicles appeareth honorably entertayned and receiued at London This
publike audience the cause of their comming and being heard to giue them their answer according as they had determined for the which vpon a day appointed they met all together but not the Vice-roy in the house of the Cagontoc and commanded to come before the Castillos who did accomplish their request with a great good-will for that they vnderstood that they were called to entreat of their matter either to tarrie or depart So when they came thither they were commanded to enter into a mightie Hall whereas they were all set in verie rich Chayres with great grauitie and maiestie The Insuanto seemed to bee the chiefest amongst them but whether it was for that hee was the principallest next vnto the Vice-roy or as it was told them for that it was hee that sent Omoncon in the chase of the Rouer Limahon they knew not but so soone as they were entred into the Hall they were commanded to draw nigh there whereas they were all placed without bidding them to sit downe neither did they vse any particular circumstances or courtesie The Insuanto tooke vpon him the charge and demanded of the Spaniards by meanes of the Interpreters what was the occasion of their comming into that Countrey The Spaniards answered as they thought and supposed that at that time it could not bee but that Limahon was either taken prisoner or slaine Then did the Insuanto conclude his speech in saying vnto them that they should returne vnto their owne Countrey to the Ilands and at such time as they did bring Limahon they would conclude all things touching the friendship they requested and also for the Preaching of the Gospell So from that day forwards they did procure with all haste for to depart and gaue the Vice-roy to vnderstand thereof who answered them and sayd that they should comfort themselues and receiue joy and pleasure and that hee would dispatch them so soone as the Visitor of that Prouince was come to Aucheo which would bee within ten dayes for that hee had written vnto him that he should not dispatch them vntill his comming for that he would see them From that day forwards he commanded that sometimes they should let them goe foorth abroad to recreate themselues and that they should shew vnto them some particular pleasure or friendship So one of them was carryed to see the Mustering of their men of warre which they haue in a common custome throughout all the Kingdome to doe it the first day of the New-moone and is sure a thing to bee seene and they doe it in the field which is joyning vnto the walls of the Citie in this manner following There were joyned together little more or lesse then twentie thousand Souldiers Pike-men and Harquebusse shot who were so expert that at the sound of the Drum or Trumpet they straight-wayes put themselues in battle aray and at another sound in a squadron and at another the shot doe diuide themselues from the rest and discharge their Pieces with very gallant and good order and with a trice put themselues againe into their places or standings this being done the Pike-men came foorth and gaue the assault all together with so good order and consort that it seemed vnto the Spaniards that they did exceed all the warlike orders vsed in all the world and if it were so that their stomacks and hardinesse were equall vnto their dexteritie and number of people it were an easie thing for them to conquer the dominion of all the world If it so chance that any Souldier should lacke in his Office and not repayre to his place appointed hee is straight-wayes punished very cruelly which is the occasion that euery one of them hath a care vnto his charge This their Muster indured foure houres and it was certified vnto the Spaniards that the same day and houre it is done in all Cities and Townes throughout the whole Kingdome although they are without suspection of enemies Fiue and twentie dayes after that the Insuanto had giuen the resolute answer vnto the Spaniards came the Visitor thither and the whole Citie went foorth to receiue him who entred in with so great Maiestie that if they had not knowne who hee was they could not haue beene perswaded but that he had beene the King The next day following the Spaniards went to visite him for duties sake as also for that hee had a desire to see them They found him in his lodging where he began to make visitation of the Citie In their Courts were an infinite number of people which came thither with Petitions and complaynts but in the Halls within there was none but his Seruants and Sergeants When that any came for to present his Petition the Porter that was at the entrie made a great noyse in manner of an Oâ—est for that it was a good way from the place whereas the Visitor did sit then commeth foorth straight-wayes one of his Pages and taketh the Petition and carryeth it vnto him At this time it was told him how that the Castillas were there hee commanded that they should enter and talked with them a few words but with great courtesie and all was touching the Imprisonment of Limahon without making any mention of their departure or tarrying So after a while that hee had beheld them and their apparell he tooke his leaue of them saying that by reason of the great businesse hee had in that visitation he could not shew them any courtesie neither to vnderstand of them what their request and desire was but gaue them great thankes for their courtesie shewed in that they would come to visite him Three dayes after the Visitor was come thither the Insuanto departed for his owne house with order that with all speed possible hee should ordayne Ships wherein the Castillas should returne vnto the Philippinas Likewise the same day all those that were there assembled by the order of the Vice-roy departed vnto their owne houses And the Spaniards were commanded for to stay vntill the full of the Moone which should bee the twentieth of August and that day they should take their leaue of them for on that day amongst them it is holden for good to begin any thing whatsoeuer Wherein they doe vse great superstition and doe make many banquets as vpon New-yeeres day The day before the departure of the Spaniards there came some in behalfe of the Vice-roy to inuite them and made them banquet in the order and fashion as at the first although this for that it was at their departure was more sumptuous wherein was represented a Comedie which was very excellent and good whose argument was first declared vnto them All the which they did represent so naturally and with so good apparell and personages that it seemed a thing to passe in Act. There was not in this banquet the Vice-roy but those Captaynes which were there the first time and another Captayne vnto whom was giuen the charge to
preferred the Father some suspected that hee had liued some Ages which they vse to affirme of Strangers differing in countenance from them and would not let it be knowne The Chinois haue one day solemne to Confutius the Prince of the Learned in which they make a kind of Sacrifice to him not as to their God but their Master They call it a Sacrifice but in larger extent of the word Musike was prepared against that day at the triall whereof Father Ricius was present The Priests of the Learned called Tansu ordered the Musike and in the Kings Hall or Temple rather dedicated to the Lord of Heauen this triall was made The Priests came forth in precious vestures as if they would sacrifice who after their wonted rites to the President fell to their Musike in which were small brasse Bells Basons other as it were Tabors others of stone stringed Instruments Pipes Organs blowed with the mouth not with Bellowes others resembled Beasts out of the hollow bellie yeelding a sound all these sounded together with such discording discord as you may imagine the Chinois themselues confessing the concord and harmoniacall consent to bee lost onely the Instruments remayning from their Ancestors That Temple was great and magnificent built neere the Citie in a Pine-groue compassed with walls twelue miles about The wall of the Temple was of bricke the other parts of timber it is diuided into fiue Iles the Pillars were round of huge timbers as great as two men could fathome the heigth proportionable to that thicknesse the roofe is excellently carued and all gilded and although it be two hundred yeeres since it was built and the King resides not at Nanquin nor sacrificeth there yet is it little decayed from the first splendour In the midst of the Temple is a more eminent place of most precious marble in which is a double Throne both of marble the one for the King when he sitteth to sacrifice the other is left for him to â—it by to whom the sacrifice is made The Cloisters without are beautified with most elegant windings and lest the Birds should defile all the windowes are all netted with Iron wyers which is vsuall thorow all the Palace all the gates of the Temple are couered with Brasse plates gilded and wrought with neat Visages of the same metall Without the Temple were many Altars of red marble which represented the Sunne Moone Starres and Hills of China Lakes and Seas intimating that that God which is there worshipped made the rest which are placed without lest they might be worshipped for Deities It is prohibited by grieuous penalties to cut the trees of that Groue or any bough thereof whence they are great and old In the circuit of the Temple are many Cells which are said to haue beene Baths for the Kings to wash in when they were to sacrifice The Father vsed the Habit of the Learned as is said of those especially which professe themselues Preachers of the Law the Habit modest and the Cap not vnlike ours in Crosse fashion also He confuted both the Sects of Idolaters and commended that of the Learned praysing Confutius which was rather silent then would deuise any thing touching the next life and taught good Rules for the Life Family and Republike A great man flourished at Nanquin then which had some thousands of Disciples in opinion of Vertue and Learning and had set dayes in which to heare and to be heard euery moneth Chiutaiso brought the Father and this Father together and in some reasoning Ricius wrung from him that some corruptions were in the Idoll Sects which he followed not holding that only he sayd which was good It being a fashion that Learned men met in their Societies to conferre of Morall Vertues in one of those meetings this man learnedly confuted Confutius which another Magistrate tooke haynously and cryed out it was intolerable that the Sect of Idols brought out of other Countreyes should bee preferred before Confutius whom the Learned Ricius also admireth refelling the Idol-follies He answered he had spoken with the man but he was not yet well acquainted with China businesse and he would instruct him better Soone after he inuited him to a Feast for the Chinois vsually in such meetings determine Controuersies and there hee met Sanhoi a famous Idol-Priest a Learned Philosopher Orator Poet and well skilled in others Sects also When they were set this Priest and the Father together the Priest began shewing his desire to conferre of Religion Ricius first asked what he thought of the first beginning of Heauen and Earth and the Creatour of things whom we call the Lord of Heauen I deny not sayd he that there is such an one but he hath no Majesty nor Deity but I am equall to him and so are all others Canst thou saith Ricius make those things which he hath done he granted Make then such a Chasing-dish one stood before him this sayd the other was an vnworthy demand Thou sayth he art an Astronomer and makest new Sunnes in thy minde when thou reasonest thereof That sayth Ricius is but an Image or likenesse which the minde from things seene conceiueth as in reflexion of a Glasse whereon the Sunne shineth yet doth not the Glasse create a Sunne The Hoast for feare of further quarrell parted them At Dinner the Chinois disputed of a Question of humane nature how it came bad they want Logicke and cannot well distinguish betwixt morall and naturall good and neuer heard of originall sinne they discoursed thereof a whole houre after which Ricius repeating what had beene sayd entred into dispute with Sanhoi who laughed at his and their Reasons and answered all with a Tale of I know not what Floud according to his Sect but he straitned him with Arguments so that he and this Disputation grew famous They conceiue that God and the Creatures are all of one substance and that God is as a great Soule of the Vniuerse which opinion from the Idol-sects hath infected the Learned Ricius writ a summary of that point which gaue men good satisfaction and his Law seemed not so barbarous as they imagined The Kings Treasure was exhaust by the Corayan Warre whereupon contrary to the Lawes he caused the ancient Mines which were sayd to be stopped to bee sought and opened and imposed new Tributes that in all Prouinces Merchandizes should pay two of a hundreth which had beene tolerable if gathered by Magistrates but his Eunuches sent to euery Prouince without shame or mercie exacted on the people and raysed a worse combustion then that of Coray So many Impostors Counterfeits Theeues were euery-where if a man dwelt in a good House they would digge it vp to search for a Myne to force composition from the owner Some whole Cities and Prouinces compounded with these Caterpillers to free themselues from their vexations the money so gotten they gaue the King as taken out of their Mynes This caused Dearth
Ethike Oeconomike Politike this Booke for the foure parts is called the Foure Bookes These nine are the ancientest China Bookes whence the others most what are taken and contayne most of their Characters And the ancient Kings enacted that they which professe Learning should take the foundations of their Learning from those Bookes not only to learne the proper sense of the Text but to bee able on the sudden to write fitly of any sentence for which cause that Tetrabiblion is learned without Booke Neyther is there any Vniuersitie or publike Schoole as some of ours haue affirmed the Masters or Professors whereof haue vndertaken to read and expound those Bookes but euery one gets a Master at home at his owne choice and cost of which there is a huge multitude In this Science are three Degrees bestowed on them which offer themselues to be examined and are iudged meete That Examination is almost wholly in Writing The first Degree is conferred in euery City in that place which is called the Schoole by some learned man designed to that Office by the King who is by that place called Tihio the Degree is termed Sieucai A threefold Examination is premised First at his comming to any City of his Prouince all that stand for that degree in that City and the confining limits thereof resort thither and are examined by those Masters which are set ouer the Bachelours till they haue attayned further Degree mayntayned by the Kings stipend In this Examination euery one is admitted perhaps foure or 5000. assembled to that purpose The second is by the foure Gouernours of the City for none are admitted to Gouernment but the Learned which present out of all that number 200. of the better Writers to the Tihio and he in a third Examination chuseth 20. or 30. of the best which he entituleth Bachelors their Ensignes are a long Gowne a Cap and Boots which none else may weare in all places they are much respected as in a ranke aboue the vulgar Citizens and enjoy also diuers Priuiledges being in manner subject only to the Masters aforesaid and the Tihio other Magistrates scarsly medling with them This Tihio not only hath authority ouer these new created Bachelors but ouer those which were made before to re-examine them and these according to their writing hee diuideth into fiue rankes the first he rewardeth with some publike Office in the City the second with some inferiour honour the third he neyther rewards nor punisheth the fourth he causeth to be publikely whipped the last he degradeth and maketh againe Plebeians The second Degree is called Kiugin and may be compared with our Licentiates and is conferred but once in three yeares and that in the Metropolitane City about the eight Moone with greater Majesty And the degree is not conferred to all but to a certayne number of the worthiest according to the dignity of each Prouince Pequin and Nanquin haue each 150. Cequian Quamsi and Fuquian 95. others fewer Only Bachelors but not all are admitted to this Examination the Tihio sending out of each City or Schoole 30. or at most 40. of the best which number yet ariseth in some Prouince to 4000. of those Examinates or Probationers for this second degree A little before the eighth Moon which often fals in September the Pequin Magistrates present to the King 100. of the most esteemed Philosophers in the Kingdome who thence pricketh or nameth thirty for each Prouince two to take charge of the Examination of these Candidates One of these two must bee of the Hanlin Colledge the Collegians whereof are most famous thorow the Kingdome The King doth not name them till that nicke of time when they must presently packe to their Prouince diligently guarded also that they speake with none of that Prouince till the Act or Commencement be past In the same Prouince also are chosen the best Philosophers to assist these two Examiners In euery Mother City is a huge Palace built for this purpose compassâ—d with high wals with many stations for the Examiners separate from noyse and foure thousand Cels or Studies besides in the midst of the Palace wherein is a stoole and table for one man that none may see or confer with any other When the Examiners sent by the King and those of the Prouince are come thither they are presently shut vp in their stations before they can speake with other men or with each other during all the Examination time Night and day meane-whiles the Magistrates and Souldiers guard the Palace from Colloquies Three dayes the same thorow the Kingdome the ninth twelfth and fifteenth of the eighth Moone from morning to night are appointed for their writing the doores being shut A light refection prouided the day before is giuen to the Writers at publike cost When the Bachelors come to the Palace they are thorowly searched whether they haue any Booke or Writing with them and are admitted only with the Pensils which they vse in writing their Plate Paper and Inke these also and their Garments searched to preuent all fraud which found causeth the twofold punishment both of losse and sence When they are admitted the doores shut and sealed the two Royall Examiners out of the Tetrabiblium propound three Sentences for so many Theames to euery of them and foure out of the fiue Bookes of Doctrines for so many other Theames These seuen Writings must bee made for elegance of words and weight of Sentences according to the Precepts of China Rhetoricke neyther must any Writing contayne aboue 500. Characters Two dayes being passed for the Examinationn of these the next day out of the Chronicles or other three Cases of Politie are propounded wherein each which three Theames or Writing expresse their minde or Libel-wise admonish the King what were fittest to be done The third day three Law Cases such as happen in the Magistrates Offices are propounded for each thereof to expresse his Sentence These in great silence each in his appointed Cell hauing written their Theames subscribed with their owne their Fathers Grand-fathers and great Grand-fathers names and sealed so that none but men appointed may reade them offer them to certayne Officers which before the Examiners see them cause them to bee transcribed by certayne thereto appointed which Copies to be distinguished from the Originals are written in Red Inke without the Authors names the Originals laid vp safely that none might by the hand or name know the Authour In this Examination the Assistants first reiect the worst present vnto the two Examiners twice so many as are to be chosen Licentiates as if one hundred and fifty are to bee chosen three hundred are tendered to passe their last scrutinie who first lay by the best so many as are to bee elected and thence take the first second and third and set them accurately in order and then conferre them with the Originals thence taking the names which they
and blew a very stiffe gale Then we stood in for the shoare and spent most of this day in turning vp Horne-Sound And about a North North-west Sunne at ten a clock wee espied six ships lying at anchor on the South side of the Sound in a small Bay The one of them was Captaine Fopp the Dunkerker who came in before vs and was appointed by our Generall to come into this harbour and there to stay for vs and to goe to the Foreland to haue his other ship which we kept there Foure of them were Biscaines of Saint Sebastian and one of them was in the harbour where we road and found the French ship The sixt was a ship of Amsterdam wherein Thomas Bonner was Master and Pilot and aboue twentie English men more All the Biscaines came aboord of vs as soone as we were at an anchor but Thomas Bonner refused to come being sent for by our Generall Our Generall commanded our Gunner to shoot at him he himselfe discharging the second Ordnance Then presently he began to set saile and cut his cable thinking to get from vs but wee hauing shot him through three or foure times they began to weaue vs so we sent our shallop and he came aboord There were fiue or sixe more of the English men fetched aboord and some of our men sent to bring her to an anchor where shee might ride safe for shee was almost run ashoare This was about a North sunne or eleuen a clocke The Biscaines were charged presently to depart so soone as they had filled fresh water which they said they wanted and to bring what Whale finnes they had found or had taken or other things The fourteenth day faire weather the winde at East North-east This morning one of the Biscaines brought a few Whale finnes aboord of vs and the skin of a Beare which they had killed Then was our Boate-swaine sent aboord of them to search their ships and to bid them depart Our Generall kept the Holland ship wherein was Thomas Bonner to the vse of the Companie This day I obserued the latitude of this place by a Quadrant of foure foote Semidiameter and found it to stand in 75. degrees 55. minutes the Declination of the Needle vnder the Horizon is 67. degrees 30. minutes pointing to the Northwards but pointing to the Southwards it is 80. degrees The variation of the Compasse is 12. degrees 14. minutes west from the true Meridian but from our common sayling Compasse it is 17. degrees because the Compasse is touched fiue degrees and a halfe to the Eastward and the variation is to the Westward This day in the afternoone the foure ships of Biscay departed from this Harbour which is called Horne-Sound and about a North sunne I with the Master Thomas Sherin went ashoare with other to set vp another Crosse with the Kings Maiesties Armes cast in Lead nayled vpon it Then I obserued the Sunne vpon his North Meridian by my foresaid Quadrant and found it eleuated aboue the Horizon 10. degrees and thirtie minutes but because his heigth at the South Meridian and his heigth at the North did not agree in finding of the Latitude I did abate fiue minutes from each as the meane betwixt both for his altitude at the South Meridian was 36. degrees 40. minutes the declination 23. degrees and 29. minutes The fifteenth day faire weather the winde in the morning South but almost calme This day about noone we weighed anchor with the ship of Amsterdam and diuers of her men were fetched aboord vs with their Shipper and some of our men were sent aboord her with one of our Masters Mates called Master Spencer All this day it was so calme that wee were faine to towe our ship Our Carpenter did trim vp two of the Biscaine Shallops which they did leaue behinde them and they did leaue diuers Hoopes and Caske staued ashoare The eighteenth day faire weather the winde variable we stearing away Northward This afternoone wee met with another ship of Biscay being a ship of two or three hundred Tunnes Our Generall as he did to the rest caused her Master and Pilot to come aboord vs to whom he shewed his Commission charging them to depart this Countrey They seeing no remedie were content so soone as they had filled fresh water Wee met with them off the Southward part of the Iland Our Generall being so neere Greene Harbour where the Gamaliel and the Desire road wee went into the Sound to see them with this great ship of Biscay and the ship of Amsterdam We found that the entrance of Greene Harbour was quite stopped with Ice and ran our ship into it thinking to get through but wee could not Then wee got her out againe and came to the Bay where wee roade on the other side of the Sound in Pooppy Bay or Niches Coue. The nineteenth day faire weather the winde Northward This day about twelue of the clock we came to an anchor in the foresaid Bay This afternoone there came another ship of Saint Sebastian into the Bay where wee roade and about seuen of the clocke the Captaine came aboord of vs who told vs that he had lost six of his men and a shallop vpon the coast of Groineland vpon an Iland in the latitude of 72. degrees or thereabouts This was the Master which had beene here the last yeere and made a great voyage Master Woodcocke being their Pilot. His making so great a voyage was the cause that so many ships were here this yeere The twentieth in the morning we had newes that the Iohn and Francis was come about two dayes agoe and that they had killed one and twentie Whales at the Foreland and had also killed two at Greene harbour This day it was very close weather with some snowe the winde North-west This afternoone the Captaines of the two Biscay ships were commanded to depart this Coast. The one and twentieth wee perceiued another ship standing toward vs. Wee lessâ—ned our sailes and stayed for her to see what shee was At length we perceiued her to bee another Biscaine About a North sâ—nne we came to an anchor in Greene harbour by the Gamaliel and the Desire and the ship of Burdeaux and the Biscaine followed vs. So soone as they were come to an anchor their Captaine came aboord of vs to whom our Generall shewed his Commission as he had done to the rest charging him to depart those Coasts and told him that hee would take away some of their shallops They earnestly intreated him not to take them away and they would depart the Captaine offering his bond to our Generall that if he stayed either in Greenland Groineland or Cherie Iland he would willingly forfait all he was worth There was another Whale killed in Greene-harbour in the killing whereof there was a man slaine and a Boate ouerwhelmed by too much haste of following him after the harping Iron was in him The three and twentieth day
from the North-west that wee were forced back againe to seek Harbour and came to an anchor the nineteenth of Iune in Crosse-road Here we stayed two dayes much wind blowing at the North North-east till the one and twentieth of Iune and then in the after-noone the wind came to the East and by South and the weather was faire therefore at a North North-west Sunne we weighed and set sayle againe and so did the Thomas Bonauenture that came to an anchor by vs this morning beeing also bound for Faire Hauen This next day in the afternoone we were thwart of Maudlen Sound and the weather being faire and calme we sent a shallop to the Northward to see what alteration there was amongst the Ice and to seeke out some good Harbour for a ship and also to set vp the Kings Armes at Hackluyts Head-land or some other conuenient place When Master Baffin was gone from the ship in the foresaid shallop I went presently into the other shallop into Maudlen Sound there to set vp the Kings Armes and also to see if there were any Morses come ashoare when I was within the Sound I found no Beeches bare for Morses to come vpon for Ice and snow lay yet vndissolued from the shoare side but I went to the Harbour and there caused a Crosse to be set vp and the Kings Armes to bee nayled thereon vnder which also I nayled a piece of sheet Lead whereon I set the Moscouie Companies Marke with the day of the moneth and yeere of our Lord. Then cutting vp a piece of Earth which afterward I carried aboard our ship I tooke it into my hand and said in the hearing of the men there present to this effect I take this piece of Earth as a signe of lawfull possession of this Countrey of King Iames his New-land and of this particular place which I name Trinitie Harbour taken on the behalfe of the Company of Merchants called the Merchants of New Trades and Discoueries for the vse of our Souereigne Lord Iames by the grace of God King of great Brittaine France and Ireland whose Royall Armes are here set vp to the end that all people who shall here arriue may take notice of his Maiesties Right and Title to this Countrey and to euery part thereof God saue King Iames. This is a good safe harbour and is vnder the latitude of 79 degrees 34. minutes as I haue found by good obseruation and haue of Westerly variation 25. degrees When I had here set vp the Kings armes I returned toward our ship which was come to an anchor at the entrance of Faire hauen staying till the floud came because that at the Tide of Ebbe there runnes a great current out of the Sound so at the next floud we came into Faire hauen and anchored by the Gamaliel and the Thomas Bonauenture the three and twentieth day of Iune Then Iohn Mason Master of the Gamaliel came aboord of our ship and I asked him if he had any worke for our men for I would cause them to come a shore he told me that hitherto he had not seene a Whale come in but his Furnaces and Coppers were already set vp and therefore as yet he had no neede of helpe but when occasion serued he would imploy them This day about eleauen a clocke Master Baffin returned in the Shallop from the Northwards he said that he had beene at Cape Barren which is the point of an Iland three or foure leagues from Hackluits headland but further then that he could not passe for Ice which lay close to the shore and he had not set vp the Kings armes in any place On Munday the seuen and twentieth day of Iune I went forth againe in the Shallop to the Northward partly to see what alteration there might be in the Ice with the Easterly windes which had blowne hard since the Shallop last returned but chiefely to set vp the Kings armes in some place conuenient because there was none set vp to the Northwards of Maudlen sound We rowed to Cape Barren where formerly Master Baffin had bin and finding the Ice there gone from the shore we proceeded further to an Iland which now we call the Saddle in respect of the forme thereof more then a league distant from Cape Barren In our way thither it began to snow and grew to be a great and vehement storme from the West North-west therefore we hasted and got to the lee side of the aforesaid Iland and there made fast our Shallop with a grapnell laid vpon the Icie shore vsing the best meanes we could with our shallops saile to keepe vs from the extremitie of so cold an harbour we staid here eight houres and the storme continued driuing the Ice still Eastward in great abundance and with wonderfull swiftnesse when the weather began to cleere I caused the men to rowe to Leewards to another Iland a league distant which seemed then to be a Cape of the maine land purposing there to set vp the Kings armes but afterwards wee found it to be an Iland and to the maine wee could not come for broken Ice This stormie weather continued from Munday night till Friday morning during which time we had beene but eleauen leagues at the furthest from our ship yet went we so farre as we could haue gone had the weather beene neuer so faire for at foure leagues distance from Cape Barren the Ice lay firme and vnbroken two or three miles from the shore and close againe to it lay the shattered Ice thronged together with this present storme On Friday morning we came backe againe to Hackluits headland and there I set the Kings armes in the like manner as at Trinitie Harbour from thence we rowed towards our ship and as we entred into Faire-hauen there came a Whale that accompanied vs into the harbour leaping and aduancing himselfe almost quite out of the water falling headlong downe againe with great noise we hasted aboord our ship and I sent forth both our Shallops to strike this Whale if they could and told Master Mason of her comming in who also went forth in his Shallop but it seemes the Whale past vnder the Ice which lay yet vnbroken betwixt the North harbour and the South harbour for they could not see her againe The next day there came more Whales in and Robert Hambleton our Masters mate strucke two which vnluckily escaped the first for want of helpe the Gamaliels Shallop being in chase of another Whale and our owne little Shallop not able to row against a head-sea to assist the other so that at length the Whale hauing towed the Shallop forth to Sea the harping iron came out the second was also strucken within the sound and ranne vnder the Ice which lay yet vnbroken at the East end of the Sound and drew the Shallop vpon it cleare out of the water by which meanes the Harpingiron came forth Here we
destructions of their fellowes besides what hee got in Siberia and from the Pole Sweden Prussian extending his Conquests East West North and South yea his memorie is sauourie still to the Russians which either of their seruile disposition needing such a bridle and whip or for his long and prosperous reigne or out of distaste of later tragedies hold him in little lesse reputation as some haue out of their experience instructed me then a Saint His loue to our Nation is magnified by our Countrimen with all thankfulnesse whose gaineâ— there begun by him haue made them also in some sort seeme to turne Russe in I know what loues or feares as if they were still shut vp in Russia to conceale whatsoeuer they know of Russian occurrents that I haue sustayned no small torture with great paines of body vexation of minde and triall of potent interceding friends to get but neglect and silence from some yea almost contempt and scorne They alledge their thankfulnesse for benefits receiued from that Nation and their feare of the Dutch readie to take aduantage thereof and by calumniations from hence to interuert their Trade This for loue to my Nation I haue inserted against any Cauillers of our Russe Merchants though I must needs professe that I distaste and almost detest that call it what you will of Merchants to neglect Gods glorie in his prouidence and the Worlds instruction from their knowledge who while they will conceale the Russians Faults will tell nothing of their Facts and whiles they will be silent in mysteries of State will reueale nothing of the histories of Fact and that in so perplexed diuersified chances and changes as seldome the World hath in so short a space seene on one Scene Whiles therefore they which seeme to know most will in these Russian Relations helpe me little or nothing except to labour and frustrated hopes I haue besides much conference with eye witnesses made bold with others in such books as in diuers languages I haue read and in such Letters and written Tractates as I could procure of my friends or found with Master Hakluyt as in other parts of our storie not seeking any whit to disgrace that Nation or their Princes but onely desiring that truth of things done may bee knowne and such memorable alterations may not passe as a dreame or bee buried with the Doers Sir Ierome Horsey shall leade you from Iuans Graue to Pheodores Coronation The most solemne and magnificent coronation of PHEODOR IVANOVVICH Emperour of Russia c. the tenth of Iune in the yeare 1584. seene and obserued by Master IEROM HORSEY Gentleman and seruant to her Maiestie WHen the old Emperor Iuan Vasilowich died being about the eighteeenth of April 1584. after our computation in the Citie of Mosco hauing raigned fiftie foure yeares there was some tumult vprore among some of the Nobilitie and Comminaltie which notwithstanding was quickly pacified Immediately the same night the Prince Boris Pheodorowich Godonoua Knez Iuon Pheodorowich Mesthis Slafsky Knez Iuan Petrowich Susky Mekita Romanowich and Bodan Iacoulewich Belskoy being all noble men and chiefest in the Emperours Will especially the Lord Boris whom he adopted as his third son and was brother to the Empresse who was a man very well liked of all estates as no lesse worthy for his valour and wisedome all these were appointed to dispose and settle his Sonne Pheodor Iuanowich hauing one sworne another and all the Nobilitie and Officers whosoeuer In the morning the dead Emperour was laid into the Church of Michael the Archangell into a hewen Sepulchre very richly decked with Vestures fit for such a purpose and present Proclamation was made Emperour Pheodor Iuanowich of all Russia c. Throughout all the Citie of Mosco was great watch and ward with Souldiors and Gunners good orders established and Officers placed to subdue the tumulters and maintaine quietnesse to see what speede and policie was in this case vsed was a thing worth the beholding This being done in Mosco great men of birth and accompt were also presently sent to the bordering Townes as Smolensko Vobsko Kasan Nouogorod c. with fresh garrison and the old sent vp As vpon the fourth of May a Parliament was held wherein were assembled the Metropolitane Archbishops Bishops Priors and chiefe Clergie men and all the Nobility whatsoeuer where many matters were determined not pertinent to my purpose yet all tended to a new reformation in the gouernement but especially the terme and time was agreed vpon for the solemnizing of the new Emperours coronation In the meane time the Empresse wife to the old Emperour was with her childe the Emperours son Charlewich Demetrie Iuanowich of one yeares age or there abouts sent with her Father Pheodor Pheodorowich Nagay and that kindred being fiue brothers to a towne called Ouglets which was giuen vnto her and the yong Prince her sonne with all the Lands belonging to it in the shire with officers of all sorts appointed hauing allowance of apparell iewels diet horse c. in ample manner belonging to the estate of a Princesse The time of mourning after their vse being expired called Sorachyn or fortie orderly dayes the day of the solemnizing of this coronation with great preparations was come being vpon the tenth day of Iune 1584. and that day then Sunday he being of the age of twenty fiue years at which time Master Ierom Horsey was orderly sent for and placed in a fit roome to see all the solemnity The Emperour comming out of his Pallace there went before him the Metropolitane Archbishops Bishops and chiefest Monkes and Clergie men with very rich Coapes and Priests garments vpon them carrying pictures of our Lady c. with the Emperors Angell banners censers and many other such ceremonious things singing all the way The Emperour with his nobility in order entred the Church named Blaueshina or Blessednes where prayers and seruice were vsed according to the manner of their Church that done they went thence to the Church called Michael the Archangell and there also vsed the like prayers and seruice and from thence to our Lady Church Prechista being their Cathedrall Church In the middest thereof was a chaire of maiestie placed wherein his Ancestors vsed to sit at such extraordinary times his roabes were then changed and most rich and vnualuable garments put on him being placed in this Princely seate his nobilitie standing round about them in their degrees his imperiall Crowne was set vpon his head by the Metropolitane his Scepter globe in his right hand his sword of Iustice in his left of great riches his six crowns also by which he holdeth his Kingdomes were set before him and the Lord Boris Pheodorowich was placed at his right hand then the Metropolitan read openly a booke of a small volume with exhortations to the Emperour to minister true Iustice to inioy with tranquility the Crowne of his ancestours which God had giuen him and vsed these
as he sate in his Imperiall seat and the-also a famous Merchant of Netherland being newly come to Mosco who gaue him selfe out to be the King of Spaines subiect called Iohn de Wale was in like sort called for Some of the Nobilitie would haue preferred this subiect of the Spaniard before Master Horsey seruant to the Queen of England whereunto Master Horsey would in no case agree saying hee would haue his legges cut off by the knees before hee would yeelde to such an indignitie offered to his Soueraigne the Queenes Maiestie of England to bring the Emperour a present in course after the King of Spaines subiect or any other whatsoeuer The Emperour and the Prince Boris Pheodorowich perceuing the controuersie sent the Lord Treasurer Peter Iuanowich Galauyn and Vasili Shalkan both of the Counsell to them who deliuered the Emperour backe Master Horseys speech whereupon he was first in order as good reason admitted and presented the Emperour in the behalfe of the English Merchants trading thither a present wishing him ioy and long to raigne in tranquilitie and so kissed the Emperours hand he accepting the present with good liking and auouching that for his Sisters sake Queene Elizabeth of England he would be a gracious Lord to her Merchants in as ample manner as euer his Father had beene and being dismissed he had the same day sent him seauentie dishes of sundry kinds of meats with three carts laden with al sorts of drinks very bountifully After him was the foresaid subiect of the Spanish King admitted with his present whom the Emperor willed to be no lesse faithfull seruiceable vnto him then the Queen of Englands subiects were had been then the King of Spains subiects shold receiue fauor accordingly All these things thus in order performed prayses were sung in all the Churches The Emperour and Empresse very deuoutly resorted on foote to many principal Churches in the Citie and vpon Trinitie Sunday betooke themselues to a progresse in order of procession to a famous Monasterie called Sergius and the Trinitie sixtie miles distant from the Citie of Mosco accompanied with a huge armie of Noblemen Gentlemen and others mounted vpon goodly Horses with furniture accordingly The Empresse of deuotion tooke this iourney on foote all the way accompanyed with her Princesses and Ladies no small number her Guard and Gunners were in number twentie thousand her chiefe Counsellor or Attendant was a noble man of the bloud Royall her Vncle of great authoritie called Demetri Iuanowich Godonoua All this progresse ended both the Emperour and Empresse returned to Mosco shortly after the Emperour by the direction of the Prince Boris Pheodorowich sent a power into the Land of Siberia where all the rich Sables and Furres are gotten This power conquered in one yeere and a halfe one thousand miles In the performance of this warre there was taken prisoner the Emperour of the Country called Chare Sibersky and with him many other Dukes and Noble men which were brought to Mosco with a guard of Souldiers and Gunners who were receiued into the Citie in very honourable manner and doe there remaine to this day Hereupon the corrupt Officers Iudges Iustices Captaines and Lieutenants through the whole Kingdome were remooued and more honest men substituted in their places with expresse commandement vnder seuere punishment to surcease their old bribing and extortion which they had vsed in the old Emperours time and now to execute true iustice without respect of persons and to the end that this might be the better done their lands and yeerly stipends were augmented the great taskes customes and duties which were before laid vpon the people in the old Emperours time were now abated and some wholly remitted and no punishments commanded to be vsed without sufficient and due proofe although the crime were capitall deseruing death many Dukes and Noble men of great Houses that were vnder displeasure and imprisoned twentie yeeres by the old Emperour were now set at libertie and restored to their lands all prisoners were set at libertie and their trespasses forgiuen In summe a great alteration vniuersally in the gouernment followed and yet all was done quietly ciuilly peaceably without trouble to the Prince or offence to the Subiect and this bred great assurance and honour to the Kingdome and all was accomplished by the wisedome especially of Irenia the Empresse These things being reported and carried to the eares of the Kings and Princes that were borderers vpon Russia they grew so fearfull and terrible to them that the Monarch of all the Scythians called the Crim Tartar or great Can himselfe named Sophet Keri Alli came out of his owne Countrie to the Emperour of Russia accompanied with a great number of his Nobilitie well horsed although to them that were Christians they seemed rude yet they were personable men and valiant their comming was gratefull to the Emperour and their entertainment was honourable the Tartar Prince hauing brought with him his wiues also receiued of the Russe Emperour entertainment and Princely welcome according to their estates Not long after one thousand and two hundred Polish Gentlemen valiant Souldiers and proper men came to Mosco offering their seruice to the Emperour who were all entertayned and in like sort many Chirkasses and people of other Nations came and offered seruice And as soone as the report of this new created Emperour was spred ouer other Kingdomes of Europe there were sent to him sundrie Ambassadors to wish him ioy and prosperitie in his Kingdome thither came Ambassadors from the Turke from the Persian the Bogharian the Crim the Georgian and many other Tartar Princes There came also Ambassadors from the Emperour of Almaine the Pole the Swethen the Dane c. And since his Coronation no enemie of his hath preuailed in his attempts It fell out not long after that the Emperour was desirous to send a message to the most excellent Queene of England for which seruice he thought no man fitter then Master Ierome Horsey supposing that one of the Queenes owne men and subiects would bee the more acceptable to her The summe of which message was That the Emperor desired a continuance of that league friendship amitie and intercourse of traffique which was betweene his Father and the Queenes Maiestie and her Subiects with other priuate affaires besides which are not to bee made common Master Horsey hauing receiued the Letters and Requests of the Emperour prouided for his iourney ouer Land and departed from Mosco the fift day of September thence vnto Otuer to Torshook to great Nouogrod to Vobskie and thence to Nyhouse in Liuonia to Wenden and so to Riga where he was beset and brought forthwith before a Cardinall called Rageuil but yet suffered to passe in the end From thence to Mito to Golden and Libou in Curland to Memel to Koningsburgh in Prussia to Elbing to Dantzike to Stetine in Pomerland to Rostock to Lubeck to Hamborough to Breme to Emden and by
Sea to London Being arriued at her Maiesties Royal Court and hauing deliuered the Emperours Letters with good fauour and gracious acceptance he was forthwith againe commanded to repasse into Russia with other Letters from her Maiestie to the Emperour and Prince Boris Pheodorowich answering the Emperours Letters and withall requesting the fauour and friendship which his Father had yeelded to the English Merchants and hereunto was he earnestly also solicited by the Merchants of London themselues of that Companie to deale in their behalfe Being thus dispatched from London by Sea he arriued in Mosco the twentieth of Aprill 1586. and was very honourably welcommed and for the Merchants behoofe obtayned all his Requests being therein specially fauoured by the Noble Prince Boris Pheodorowich who alwayes affected Master Horsey with speciall liking And hauing obtayned priuiledges for the Merchants he was recommended from the Emperour againe to the Queene of England his Mistresse by whom the Prince Boris in token of his honourable and good opâ—nion of the Queenes Maiestie sent her Highnesse a Royall present of Sables Luzarns cloth of Gold and other rich things So that the Companie of English Merchants next to their thankfulnesse to her Maiestie are to account Master Horseys paines their speciall benefit who obtayned for them those priuiledges which in twentie yeeres before would not be granted The manner of Master Horseys last dispatch from the Emperour because it was very honorable I thought good to record Hee was freely allowed post-horses for him and his seruants victuals and all other necessaries for his long iourney at euery Towne that he came vnto from Mosco to Vologda which is by Land fiue hundred miles he receiued the like free and bountifull allowances at the Emperours charge New victuall and prouision were giuen him vpon the Riuer Dwina at euery Towne by the Kings Officers being one thousand miles in length When he came to the new Castle called Archangel he was receiued of the Duke Knez Vasili Andrewich Isuâ—nogorodsky by the Emperours Commission into the Castle Gunners being set in rankes after their vse where he was sumptuously feasted from thence he was dispatched with bountifull prouision and allowance in the Dukes Boat with one hundred men to rowe him and one hundred Gunners in other Boats to conduct him with a Gentleman Captaine of the Gunners Comming to the Road where the English Dutch and French ships rode the Gunners discharged and the shippes shot in like manner fortie sixe pieces of their Ordnance and so hee was brought to his lodging at the English house vpon Rose Iland And that which was the full and complete conclusion of the fauour of the Emperour and Boris Pheodorowich toward Master Horsey there were the next day sent him for his further prouision vpon the Sea by a Gentleman and a Captaine the things following Sixteene liue Oxen seuentie Sheepe six hundred Hens fiue and twentie flitches of Bacon eightie bushels of Meale six hundred loaues of bread two thousand Egges ten Geese two Cranes two Swannes sixtie fiue gallons of Meade fortie gallons of Aquavitae sixtie gallons of Beere three young Beares foure Hawkes store of Onions and Garleeke ten fresh Salmons a wilde Boare All these things were brought him downe by a Gentleman of the Emperours and another of Prince Boris Pheodorowich and were receiued in order by Iohn Frese seruant to Master Horsey together with an honourable present and reward from the Prince Boris sent him by Master Francis Cherry an English man which present was a whole very rich piece of cloth of Gold and a faire paire of Sables IVan Vasilowich is reported to haue had seauen Wiues and of them to haue left three children suruiuing Theodore or Pheodore and Demetrius a yongling by his last wife and a Daughter which was the wife of L. Boris aforesaid whose sister Pheodore had married in his Fathers life time who would haue caused her diuorse for her barrennesse as he had caused Iuan his eldest sonne diuers times to doe and his refusing it at last was the occasion of that angry last and fatall blow before mentioned but being protracted by faire excuses for a time the diuorse of soule and body in the Father preuented that in the marriage bed of the Sonne Yet by his Testament he ordained that if within two yeares she proued not fruitfull hee should marrie another The executers vrged this after that terme expired but Gernia or Irenia so wrought with her husband that their counsels were frustrate wherein she was assisted by the politicke wisdome of her brother Boris who was now become chiefe Pilot though not the Master in that Russian ship and is said formerly to haue beene no small doer in those cruel designes of Iuan his deceassed Master yet had he cunningly cast the blame on him now dead and wisely insinuated into the people fauour by mitigating the seueritie of his Decrees You haue read before of his great Reuenues and wealth recorded by eye witnesses Thuanus saith that three hundred of the Knazeys and Boiarens whereof the Senate of the Empire consisted by aduise of the Executors had subscribed Boris made the simpler Emperor beleeue that it was a conspiracie against him whereupon they were all committed ten of which whom he thought his most dangerous aduersaries were suddainly and priuily executed to the rest he procured the Emperours pardon and fauour seeming very sorrowfull that this clemency had beene so much foreslowed and that the hastie execution had preuented his officious indeuors for their deliuerance And that he might seem serious he got their goods to be restored to their heires so working himselfe into the good liking of all degrees But soone after yong Demetrius the Emperours brother was slaine as hee was going to Church betwixt two Boiarens by a mad man as he seemed who was thereupon suddenly slaine but the author which set him on worke could not be found whereupon Boris was suspected to affect the soueraigntie Thuanus elsewhere telleth that hee corrupted those which were about Demetrius and the great Bell being rung as is vsuall in cases of fire to bring the people together Demetrius at that noise running forth some were set in that tumult to kil him which accordingly was effected as he was comming downe a Ladder the rumour whereof caused the tumultuous people making no curious search for the doers to kil those of the Family which they met in their furie to put the suspition thereof from themselues which notwithstanding Boris exercised seuerer tortures and terrible executions vpon them and as one which hartily execrated the fact burned the fort to expiate the parricide This place being farre remote from the Court whither he was thought purposely to haue sent him could not admit so open euidence of manifold testimony but that it gaue occasion of other Tragedies by another supposed Demetrius as shall anon appeare Meane while Boris could not escape aspersion of the fact past and suspition of like
to sweepe the snowe away where he should passe and were said to bee slaues which I verily beleeue because certainly they were his Subiects Then came the Prince richly apparelled with two Tartar Princes standing before on his sled and two young Dukes behind with two hundred sleds following him The eight of Februarie the Emperor sent vs sleds to ride abroad and this day the rather that we might behold a reported victorie against the reputed Rebell Demetrie c. So we the Kings Gentlemen did behold three hundred poore Prisoners seuenteene Ensignes and eleuen Drums brought in with more glorie then victorie About this time returned Peter Basman one of the Generals who had performed very honourable seruice and certainly he was the man of greatest hope and expectation in the whole Empire who was brought into the Mosco with all the Counsell Nobles Gentlemen and Merchants a grace neuer performed before to any Subiect But not without suspition of some extraordinarie secret herein and â—â—â—ides particular fauours bountifull rewards and a promise he should neuer goe againe vntill the Emperor himselfe went he was being but a young man made a Priuie Counsellor Forth with one thing I will you shall obserue the Emperors fauour and his then noble Spirit he making diuers times sute as was thought because they were in great danger to goe againe to the warres once prostrated himselfe to obtayne his desire but falling downe too humbly hee could not easily rise againe whereby the Emperor vnderstanding of his many and great wounds was said to weepe rising himselfe vp to raise and helpe him vp but extraordinarie Causes haue the like Effects as hereafter you shall vnderstand We were lodged in the same house where the young Prince Iohn of Denmarke brother to that King and our now Queene of England did lodge who would haue married the young Princesse Oucksinia the Emperors only daughter but that he vnhappily there died but not in any of those lodgings for it is a custome there that where a Prince dyes especially a stranger not of long time after to let any other lodge there Now the Ambassador vnderstanding of the conuenience of his passage downe by sled-way also fearing as wise men had cause what the issue of these warres would be knowing the state here vsed in any sutes bethought himselfe aduisedly that it was high time being the middest of Februarie to desire a second audience for his sooner dispatch which he forthwith requested and wrote a letter to that purpose vnto the Lord Chancellor Vpon the tenth of March the Ambassador with the Kings Gentlemen all richly apparelled and all his followers decently attending very honourably as before and with the like recourse of beholders and guard of Gunners but that they were said to bee Citizens by reason of their warres but in like apparell was attended to the Court being receiued with the former grace or more he ascended the Presence the Emperour and Prince holding their wonted state onely changing their Vestments with the season but for the riches nothing inferior So soone as the Ambassador and the Kings Gentlemen were come opposite to his Throne hee commanded seates that they might sit downe then with a Maiestick countenance representing rather constraint then former cheerfulnesse he declared that He his Sonne and Councell had considered his Maiesties Letter the Maiestie of King Iames of England as also on whatsoeuer else was desired and in token of his ioyfull receiued amâ—tie with the renowmed King of England as with his Predecessor he had wrote his Princely Letters to that purpose Herewith the Chancellor from the Emperour deliuered the Ambassadors his Highnesse Letters to his excellent Maiestie Withall vnderstanding by the Chancellor hee had some farther matter to intreat of then in his Briefe to his Maiestie was remembred therefore hee had appointed foure principall Councellors to consult with him of his Requests which was done After the Ambassador yeelding courteous thanks for his Maiesties fauour his Lordship attended by many Nobles proceeded to the Councell Chamber whither presently after came foure Councellors and the Emperours Tolmach who after salutations we withdrew to the next chamber where wee passed away an houre in discourse among many young Nobles hauing the Ambassadors Interpreter In the end after three or foure goings and returnes of the Chancellor from the Emperour wee went againe before him where after hee had commanded vs to sit downe as before by the mouth of the Chancellor was openly deliuered a Briefe of the whole Embassie and that dayes particular desire according to the Ambassadors request confirmed Also in good and pleasing language was declared the great desire that the Emperour had for the continuance of peace and amitie with the renowmed Iames King of England as with the late Queene Elizabeth withall that in due time all accidents well ended he would send an honourable Ambassador for further affaires as likewise to congratulate with our King of his happinesse in so plausible comming to his Right and Inheritance Likewise a Granâ— of a new Priuiledge for the Companie which he said should be vnder the golden Seale c. Which ceremonious speech ended the Emperor called for the Ambassador and the Kings Gentlemen to kisse his hand and the Princes which done with the Emperors nod or bowing to vs as likewise the Princes desiring the remembrance of his and the Princes commendations to his Maiestie the Prince and Queene of England we were dismissed but not before the Emperor said he would send home to vs. Thus we tooke our last leaue of the Emperors Court being more graciously and especially entertayned then before or then euer any would take knowledge Ambassadors were vsed withall we are honorably attended home and a Duke of great account named Knas Euan Euaâ—â—owich Courlâ—teâ— was attended with many of the Emperors seruants within our Gates following him a dinner sent from the Emperor by some two hundred persons consisting of three hundred seuerall dishes of Fish for it was now Lent of such strangenesse greatnesse and goodnesse for their number as it were not to bee beleeued by any report but by a mans owne eye-sight with infinite store of Meades and Beere in massie plate c. The eighteenth of March the Emperor sent by Vassilly â—râ—gâ—râ—wich Tâ—lâ—pnoâ—e the Roll wherein was the Demands of the Ambassador and the particulars of the whole negotiation as there at large appeares The nineteenth his Maiestie sent 〈◊〉 Mâ—nshoy Buldâ—coâ—e vnder Treasurer a royall Present to the Ambassador of many particulars also to each of the Kings Gentlemen being rewarded he departed The twentieth of March being honourably accompanyed with thousands of Gallants of each side the streets all along as we passed the Ambassador departed from the Citie of Mosco with the whole numbers of horse-men still becking vs till we came a shore mile on this side the Citie where we made a stand and after some complement betweene the Ambassador and his
Imperiall Pallace and beganne to gouerne the Empire more inclining to the Poles and forreiners then to the Russes which vntimely expressing himselfe hastned his ruine Seuentie noble Families of Boris his kindred or faction were exiled that their Goods might be â—hared amongst strangers and new Colonies of men planted brought into Russia His clemency was remarkable to Suisky who being condemned for not onely refusing to acknowledge this Emperour but vttering also reproachfull speeches of him as being of base Parentage and one which had conspired with the Poles to ouerthrow the Russian Temples Nobility and now his prayers ended and the fatall stroake on his knees expected on the seauenth of Iuly by vnexpected mercy euen then receiued his pardon The last which yeelded to him were the Plescouites Some tell of exceeding Treasures also which hee found laid vp for other purposes which through his profusenesse soone vanished The first of September was designed to his inauguration being New yeeres day to the Russes as sometimes to the Iewes but for other causes it was hastned and his Mother was sent for out of a Monasterie into which Boris had thrust her farâ—e from the Court An honorable Conuoy was herein employed and himselfe with great shew of Pietie went to meet her embraced her with teares and bare-headed on foot attended her Chariot to the Castle whence afterwards she remoued with her women into a Monasterie where the Noblest Virgins and Widdowes of Russia vse to sequester themselues from the World His Mother was noted to answere with like affection to him whether true or dissembled on both parts At his entrance to the Kingdome after Ceremonies ended Nicolas Cnermacouius a Iesuite made him a goodly Oration the like was done by the Senate To the Iesuits was alotted a faire place of entertaynment not far from the Castle wherein to obserue the Romish Rites and Holies and euen then by their meanes he had declared himselfe in that point but for feare of Suiskie hee stayed till fitter oportunitie Hauing thus setled things his care was to recompence the Poles to enter league with that Nation and to consummate the Marriage For which purpose hee sent three hundred Horsemen with Athanasius the Treasurer who in Nouember came to Cracouia had audience of King Sigismund where he with all thankfulnesse acknowledged the Kings forwardnesse with his Nobles to recouer his right whereto God had giuen answerable successe beyond expectation that he deplored the Turkish insolencies in Hungary and other parts to vindicate which he would willingly joyne with the Pole and other Christian Princes meane whiles hee was willing to make an euerlasting league with him and to that end entreated his good leaue to take vnto himselfe a Wife out of Poland namely Anna Maria the Daughter of George Miecinsie the Palatine of Sendomir to whom for money men and endangering of his owne life hee was so much engaged The eight day after the Contract was solemnely made by the Cardinall Bishop of Cracouia and the Embassadour with her Parents feasted by the King Demetrius had sent her and her Father Iewels worth 200000. Crownes Thus farre haue wee followed Thuanus and hee Iacobus Margaretus a French Captayne of Demetrius guard of Partisans which published a Booke hereof Now let vs present you a little English Intelligence touching this Demetrius and his respect to men of our Nation in those parts and first his Letter to Sir Iohn Mericke The Copie of a Letter sent from the Emperor DEMETRY EVANOWICH otherwise called GRISHCO OTREAPYOV the which Letter was sent to Master IOHN MERRICK Agent out of the Campe as Master MERRICK was taking his Iournie to the Sea-side the eighth of Iune Anno 1605. FRom the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Demetry Euanowich of all Russia To the English Marchant Iohn Merrick wee giue to vnderstand that by the iust iudgement of God and his strong power we are raised to our Fathers throne of Vladedmer Mosko and of all the Empire of Russia as great Duke and sole commander likewise we calling to memorie the loue and amitie of our Father the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Euan Vassilywich of all Russia and our Brother Theodor Euanowich of all Russia which was held and kept by them and other great Christian Princes in the same forme and manner doe we likewise intend and purpose to hold and keepe Loue and amitie but especially and aboue all others doe we intend to send and to haue loue and friendship with your King Iames and all you his English Merchants we will fauour more then before Further as soone as this our Letter doth come to your hand and as soone as you haue ended your Markets at the shipping place of Michael the Archangell then to come vp to Mosco to behold our Maiesties presence And for your poste Horse I haue commanded shall be giuen you and at your comming to Mosco then to make your appearance in our Chancery to our Secretarie Ofanasy Vlassou Written in our Maiesties Campe at Tooly in the yeare of the world Anno seauen thousand one hundred and thirteene The Copie of the translation of a Passe giuen to Master IOHN MERRICK which was giuen him in the time of his being in the Campe at Molodoue with the Emperour DEMETRY EVANOWICH otherwise called GRISHCO OTREAPYOVE FRom the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Demetry Euanowich of all Russia from Mosco to our Cities and Castles as also to the Castle of Archangell at the Shipping place and hauen to our Generals Secretaries and all other our Officers c. There did make suite vnto vs the English Marchant Iohn Merricke and his Company that we would gratifie them to be suffered to passe to the new Castle of Archangell or to the shipping place or hauen in regard of trafficke of Merchandise Also that if he doe send home any of his fellowes and seruants from the shipping place being of the English that then they might be suffered to passe into England Also that to whatsoeuer Citie of ours the English Marchant Iohn Mericke and his fellowes doth or shall come vnto then all yee our Generals Secretaries and oll other our Officers shall suffer them to passe euery where without all delay And as for our Customes as for passing by or for head mony our custome of goods you shall not take any of them nor of their seruants Likewise when the English Merchants Iohn Merricke with his fellowes and seruants shall come to the Castle of Archangell then Timophey Matphewich Lazaroue and our Secretary Rohmaneum Mocaryoued Voronoue at the foresaid Castle of Archangell shall suffer and permit the English Merchant Iohn and his companie to trade freely Moreouer when at the shipping place they haue ended and finished their Markets and that then the said Iohn Merricke shall desire to send into England any of his fellowes or seruants with goods then likewise they shall be suffered to passe But Russâ— people and other strangers of
and as for Customes for them and their goods they shall not take any And whithersoeuer they passe with their goods without buying any commodities or selling their owne Then likewise in those Cities they shall passe and not take of them any manner of Custome whatsoeuer as before also the English Merchants shall trafficke as followeth They shall barter their owne goods by the whole Salecloth by the Packe and by the Clothes Damaske and Veluet not by the piece but by the are shine and by retaile and retaile weights they shall not barter or sell. Also goods which is sold by weight by retaile or by the zolotnicke they shall likewise not sell. And Claret wine they shall sell by the piece but by retaile as by the Veader stop or Pot and Charck they shall not sell. Likewise they shall buy and sell and barter their goods themselues but the Russe Merchant shall not sell nor barter their goods for them neither shall they carry other mens goods in colour of their owne not to any place whatsoeuer Also if the English Merchants bee minded to make sale of their commodities at Colmogro or on the Dwina or at Vologda or at Yeraslaue then they shall doe it freely And for their said goods in all our Cities within our Realme our Gentlemen and Gouernors and all manner of our Officers shall not of them take any Tole or custome according to this our Caesars Letter of Fauor And in all our Cities within our dominion they shall hyre Carryers Boats and men to row them freely as before And as the order is of the Merchants within our Realme so likewise if the English Merchants be desirous to goe out of our Realme into any other Kingdome or into their owne Countrey as also if they bee desirous in our Realme to buy any Staple commoditie and to carry it into their owne Land then shall they likewise buy and trafficke freely at pleasure and those Staple commodities which are fitting for our Caesars Treasure they shall likewise bring it to our Treasure freely at pleasure and for the said Staple commodities in all our Cities our Officers shall not take any manner of Custome but they shall suffer them to passe without any staying of them Also when the English Merchants haue ended their market and shall desire to goe from the Mosco then they shall appeare in the Embassadours Office to our Chancellour and Secretarie Euan Cowrbatou Hramoteenop Moreouer if that by the prouidence of God the English Merchants haue any shipwracke and that the said ship bee brought or driuen to any place within our Realme then our Caesars commandement to those places where the ship is brought in that our men in office doe seeke out the English Merchants goods iustly and to giue them to the English people that shall bee at that time in our Land But if at that time there bee none of them in our Realme then to gather them together and to lay them vp in one place and so when the English Merchants doe come there by our Caesars Order to deliuer those goods to the said Merchants And whereas the English Merchants according to their former Letters of Fauor had a house in the Mosco by the Church of the holy Maxim by the market which was granted vnto them by our predecessour the great Lord and Caesar of Russia the said English Merchants shall dwell in the said house as heretofore they haue done Keeping one house-keeper a Russe or one of their owne strangers but any other Russes they shall not keepe Moreouer the said English Merchants haue houses in other Cities a house at Yeraslaue a house at Vologda a house at Colmogro and a house at the shipping place at the Castle of the Archangell and those houses they shall keepe and hold by them according to our Caesars Fauour or Gratitude as in former time they haue done and for any subsidie rent dutie or any custome whatsoeuer for the said houses there shall not be any taken of them and their other houses as at Yeraslaue Vologda Colmogro and Archangell they shall haue house-keepers of their owne countrie-men or Russes but the Russes shall bee meane men a man or two at a house And they shall lay their goods in those houses and likewise shall make sale of their goods out of their houses to whom they will according to this our Caesars Letter of Fauour and their house-keepers being Russes shall not buy or sell any manner of commodities in their absence Also they shall come with their ships to the shipping place as before with their Commodities and to vnlade out of the shippe their goods and to lade their shippe with Russe goods with their owne hired labourers as also to carry their owne goods ouer in their owne Boats and Vessels to their owne house at the Castle of Archangell And whatsoeuer goods they haue our chiefe Customer and Officers and sworne men shall take a note of the goods vnder their owne firme both of goods they bring in and also of goods they carry out But they shall not looke ouer neither vnpacke their packes in any place as also they shall suffer them to passe in all places without all stay or delay according to this our Caesars priuiledge and Letter of fauour Also whensoeuer the English Merchants shall be desirous to send out of our Realme into their owne Land any of their seruants ouerland or into other Kingdomes then they shall likewise send their people ouer land with our Caesars order freely but without carying any Commodities and their passe shall be giuen them in the Embassadours office Further concerning any matter of controuersie that any man shall haue to doe with them either in bargaining or in iniury according to this our Caesars order they shall be iudged by our Counsellor and Secretary Eâ—an Cowroaton Hramoteeu Therefore as before wheresoeuer they or any of their seruants in all our Realme in what Citie soeuer haue any matter of controuersie in Bargaining or in Iniurie against any man or that any man haue any matter against any of them then in all our Cities our Gentlemen and Gouernours and all other our Officers shall iudge them doing iustice betwixt either of them with equitie and truth This priuiledge or letter of fauour was giuen at our Caesars Pallace of Mosco From the world Anno 7113. in the moneth of December The Copie of the Translation of a Contract made by the Emperour DEMETRY EVANOWICH otherwise called GRYSHCA OTREAPYOVE and the daughter of the Palatine SENDAMERSKO chiefe Generall of Poland in the time of DEMETRY his being in Poland the which was sent ouer by Master IOHN MERRICK and translated out of Russe into English for the Kings Maiestie as followeth A True Translation of a writing out of Polish into Russe giuen by a Monke who left his habit called by the name of Gryshca Oâ—reapyoue supposed to be the Son of the Emperour Euan Vassiliwich named Demeetry Euanowich who gaue this assurance
hee gaue the command of his Guard consisting of strangers to Captayne Gilbert a Scot to haue made one Buchenskoy a Learned and Religious Protestant his Secretarie and otherwise to haue beene so alienated from Russian manners and so well affected to Strangers that they conspired as aforesaid The people are said to haue entred the Castle which was a quadrant hauing a high bricke wall of seuen stories and another of stone and a Market place with stones in their pockets which are rare thereabouts and some with weapons Some report from Captayne Gilberts Relation that lying on his bed not long before his death as hee thought awake an aged man came to him which sight caused him to arise and come to Captayne Gilbert and his guard that watched but none of them had seene any thing Hereupon he returned to his Bed but within an houre after he againe troubled with like apparition called and sent for Buchinskie telling him that he had now twice seene an aged man who at the second comming told him that though for his owne person he was a good Prince yet the injustice and oppressions of his inferiour Ministers must bee punished and his Empire should bee taken from him In this perplexitie his Secretarie gaue him good and holy counsell saying till true Religion were there planted his Officers would bee lewd the people oppressed and God Almightie offended who perhaps by that Dreame or Vision had admonished him of his dutie The Emperour seemed much moued and to intend that good which that Countrey was not so happy to receiue For a few dayes after as that Relation auerreth his Russe Secretarie came to him with a Sword at which the Emperour jested and hee suddenly after sawcie speeches assaulted him with many other Grandes of that Conspiracie and like another Caesar slue him crying Libertie before his guards could apprehend the danger of which some were slaine but the most with Gilbert their Captayne got to a place called Coluga which with the helpe of some Russes they fortified and held for their defence Buchinskie the Secretarie was taken and imprisoned the strangers murthered the English except who haue in all changes been well beloued of the Russians as indeed they deserue hauing alway done good seruice to the Emperours And their interest saued the life of that worthy man Buchinskey which they requited with much obseruance to the succeeding Emperour Suiskey who comes next to be spoken of and first you shall haue his Letter to our Gracious Souereigne §. IIII. SVISKEY the Successour his Letter to our King describing the former DEMETRIVS his Acts and Tragedie The Copie of the Translation of a Letter sent from the new Emperour Vassily Euanowich Shoskey to the Kings Maiestie by Master Iohn Mericke The loue and mercie of God that guideth vs in the wayes of peace we glorifie with the Trinitie FRom the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Vassily Euanowich of all Russia sole Commander of Voladomer Mosko Nouogrod King of Cazan and Astracan of Syberia Lord of Vobsko and great Duke of Smolensko Twerskoy Yauharskoy Pearmskoy Vatskoy Bollharskoy and of other Lord and great Duke of Nouogroda of the Low Countrey of Cherneego Rezanskoy Polotskoy Rostouskoy Yereslaueskoy Bealozerskoy Leeflanskoy Owdorskoy Obdorskoy Condinskoy and Commander of all the North parts also Lord of the Land of Eeuerskoy Cartalinskoy and ouer the Empire of the Gorgians of the Land of Cabardinskoy and Eeharskoy Land likewise of many other Lordships Lord and Commander To our beloued Brother Iames King of England Scotland France and Ireland Wee giue to vnderstand that Sigismund King of Poland and great Duke of Letto in Anno 7109. did send vnto the late Emperour Boris his Embassadour named Lewis Sapeago being Chancelor of the great Dukedome of Poland requesting the said Emperour Boris that the former league and peace made and concluded vpon by the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Theodore Euanowich of all Russia and him Sigismond King of Poland might be stedfastly holden and continued till the time of that league were expired As also that the Emperour Boris would inlarge the said league for thirtie yeeres more whereupon the Emperour Boris yeelded thus farre vnto the request of the King of Poland that hee would continue the old league till the full time were expired and assent to a new league for twentie yeeres more and to that effect he tooke an Oath to hold and keepe all the contents faithfully mentioned in the said Writing touching the same league and instead of the King of Poland his Embassadour Lewis Sapeagoe was sworne in the presence of the Emperour Boris And after the Polish Embassadour was departed from the Mosko the Emperour Boris sent vnto Sigismund King of Poland his Embassadour being one of the Priuie Councell called Michailo Zleabowich Sallteecoue with some others to end and finish the aforesaid league to the which league the King of Poland himselfe was sworne in the presence of the Emperours Embassadour to hold and keepe the said league faithfully according to the tenour of their Writing But not long after Sigismund King of Poland with one Pauarade entred into such a practise as be therein falsified his Oath and made way to the shedding of much Christian bloud First by retayning and vpholding one Gryshca Otreapyoue a Runnagate a Coniurer and one that left his profession being a Monke and ran away out of Russia into Poland and being come thither tooke vpon him to be the Son of the great Emperour Euan Vassilawich of famous memorie and by name Demetry Euanowich when as it was well knowne in our Kingdome that before he was shorne a Monke he was commonly called Yowshco Son to one Bowghdan Otreapyoue dwelling at a place called Galitts and when hee had committed much villanie to saue his life he shoare himselfe a Frier and so runne from one Monasterie to another and lastly came into a Monasterie called Chowdo where hee was made one of the Clearkes being so placed there by the Patriarke of Mosko himselfe But he did not leaue off his former life for he continued still in his most Deuillish actions as he did before he was shorne committing villany forsaking God and falling to the studie of the Blacke Arte and to many such like euils he was inclined Also there was found by him a Writing which shewed how he was falne from God and the same was made well knowne to the holy Patriarch of Mosko and of all Russia and to the Metropolitanes Archbishops and Bishops and to all the holy Cleargie whereupon the said Rulers of our true Christian Faith which is from the Grecian Law for these his most vngodly works consulted to send him to perpetuall Prison there to end his life Whereupon this notorious Instrument of Satan perceiuing this his ouerthrow and that his vile practises were discouered ran away out of the Kingdome of Mosko beyond the borders and into Letto to a place
Gracae permittimus earumque secundum constitutiones Patrum Sanctorum tuebimur in nullo puncto violandam immutandam Et vniuersam vener abilium Patrum Ministrorâ—m Dei Confessariorum vestrorum Coronam debito in honore sumus habituri Heroes Aulicos cuiuscunque sortis alios deligere promouere patriam possessionem pecunialem aliamque omnem prouisionem à nemine abalienando sed suum vnicuique attribuere promittimus secundum antiquam consuetudinem insuper nostra Imperatoria prouisione vnumquemque secundum ipsius dignitatem merita promouere Qui autem in malitia contâ—macia sua perseuerare non cessabunt ij Deum Opt. Max. â—astissiman eius Genitricem strictissimo illos gladâ—o punituros certo sciant nostrum Imperatorium beneuolum animum in iram vindictam mutatum experientur Non vult enim Deus Omnipotens vt ob malitiam contumaciam Rebellium innocentium vlterius sanguis effundatur Templa Dei spolientur gloria sancti Nominis eâ—us magis ac magis deprimatur Vos omnes apud animum vestrum diligentius perpendite his qui adhus nobis tergiuer santur renunciate vt animo mutato ad veritatis agnitionem redeant seditiosos pacis publicae diremptores reliquant Iam vero ad quas Arces Ciuitates hae literae nostrae peruenerint Mandamus vt eorum Capitanei Tenutarij omnia ad victum necessaria pecuniam colligant in paratisque habeant ad nostrum aduentum Interea Exercitus sacrae Regiae Maiestatis Domini Parentis nostri nostrique proprij ne vllum detrimentum patiantur sed vna in fraterno amore quoad venerimus viuatis Et donec Opt. Max. ex mera gratia sua nostraque Imperatorium cura diligentia toto Imperio Moscouitico firmato restaurato vobis petiri concesserit Dabantur Varsourae Anno Domini 1612. 9. die Martij The points of the Embassage of the Russian Messenger sent to his sacred Maiestie briefly collected BY what manner their naturall Lords ruled ouer them they alleaged to wit beginning from Borâ—k who was of the bloud of Augustus Caesar Emperour of Rome euen vnto the last Lord and Emperour Pheodor Euanowich in whom their Race ceased That Boris Godonoue abiding with Pheodor Euanowich was created by his owne force and power Emperour or Lord but after a little time the pleasure of God so working being thrust-out of the Imperiall seate departed this life shamefully and by violent death together with his Wife and Children That Christophorus Otropitij the Rostrige being of base descent vnder the Name which he did beare of Emperour otherwise Demetrij Euanowich slaine at Owglets did fraudulently and by deceit wherewith he deceiued the common people and others that beleeued them obtaine the Imperiall Seate by force without the consent of the Spiritualtie and all the chiefe Bishops and Lords and great men of the Kingdome who durst not withstand the same seeing the Commons to yeeld thereunto How the excellent Lord Palatin of Sandomire gaue his daughter in marriage to the Rostrige and himselfe many Gentlemen both of the Kingdome of Poland and great Duchy of Litow accompanying him came into Moscouia Then that Vasili Euanowich Suiskey with his brethren and many others associated to this attempt and stirring vp other great men of the Land did kill the Rostrige with many Gentlemen of Poland and the great Duchy of Litow and put the rest into diuers Castles And himselfe was made Emperour although he were not elected by all the States Whereupon many of our sort did not willingly acknowledge him Emperour and many would not obey him How another named the Wor did rise vp at Kalusia and caused himselfe to bee named Demetrij and so accounted Whereof when many both Russes and Poles heard they assembled vnto him thinking him to be the true Demetrij and the Russes did so much the more willingly draw vnto him because of the murtherers How others called Wors did name and call themselues sonnes of the slaine Emperour as Iuan Peter Pheodor and by many and diuers other names and vnder the same names did consume the State and shead much bloud How the Kings sacred Maiestie comming to Sâ—olensko sent his Messengers the Lord of Praemislaue and other noble men who comming vnto the Campe the forenamed Wors fled away but diuers of the Russes came vnto his Maiestie And taking counsell with the Boiarins at that time remayning with Suiskey in the chiefe Citie we sent our Messengers to his Maiestie at that time being at Smolensko viz. Michael Salticoue and others requesting that his Maiestie would grant vs his Sonne to be our Lord. How they were dispatched away and what answere they brought from his Maiestie with conditions engrossed and signed with his hand and seale How that after the deposing of Suiskey the noble Lord Generall of the Kingdome comming into Moscouia concluded all the said businesses and treaties and confirmed them with the oath of himselfe and his fellow Souldiers And that they after that oath likewise made their oath for the same Then that for the greater defence of the said principall Citie from the Wors they sent Souldiers into the Citie and sent also their Messengers from the whole Countrie Fidareta the Metropolitan and Vasili Galichin with others vnto the Kings Maiestie and required an oath in his Maiesties behalfe of all the seuerall Prouinces How that his Maiesties Souldiers dwelled and behaued themselues in this capitall Citie of Mosco before the troubles began without iniuring any man punishing the euill according to their deserts How the Boiarins handled other Gentlemen and principall persons of the Russe Religion although more inclined vnto them but especially the Officers and Seruants of the Wors as also such as had fled ouer It followeth how they often sent word vnto the Citie of Smolensko and willed them to deliuer vp the Citie vnto his Maiestie to bee vnder his prosperous gouernment and power As for the secret plots of their Messengers Galechin and others they said they were ignorant as also of some vnknowne practises handled with the Wor called Halusin But they said that they had written very often to the Citie of Smolensko and commanded them to doe whatsoeuer stood with his Maiesties pleasure and liked him without further effusion of bloud How also it befell in the chiefe Citie to Lepun and Saâ—usky and the other Rebels when they violated their fidelitie That they certified his Maiesties Souldiers thereof and that they with them did rise against the Rebels and that euen to this present they doe keepe and will keepe their oath once made and their due obedience vnto their Lord. And in that Lepun was punished of God for his treacherie and departed this life with so shamefull a death wee thinke it to bee for the good example of others to reduce them into their former estate to reuoke others vnto their
fidelitie and for keeping their oath alreadie giuen Therefore after many circumstances they inferred that they would presently send their Messengers to the generall Parliament but mooued with the perswasion of the honorable Lord Generall to wit that his Maiestie would bee contented with their fidelitie once made and performed vnder oath and with their griefe for the same cause and will cheerefully forgiue them and doth not refuse to giue his Sonne to raigne ouer them Adding withall that many Kingdomes to wit the Kingdome of Hungarie the Kingdome of Bohemia and a great part of Russia doe earnestly request that he would receiue them vnder the happy gouernment of his Maiestie that they might enioy the priuiledges of Poland and Litow to which none in the whole world can be compared But because his Excellent Maiestie as a Christian Lord reiecting all other Kingdomes and Dominions will graciously receiue vnder his Rule and gouernment the said Dominions and that he is sorry for their destruction he therefore now admonisheth them if they will bee vnder his prosperous Rule and enter into an vnion together with the Kingdome of Poland and the great Duchy of Litow and liue friendly with them if they will performe and consent therevnto His Excellent Maiestie promiseth to remit their offence and to receiue them vnder his happy gouernment and authoritie and refuseth and by no meanes will alter or change their faith and conscience or places dedicated vnto God or builded for deuotion neither will impose on them any other Religion or alter their ancient Manners or Customes but will bestow on them priuiledges and offices and that the Rights and Priuiledges which the Poles with the great Duchy of Litow doe enioy shall be conferred on them and that they shall be equalled with the Kingdome and great Duchy of Litow c. which iurisdictions and priuiledges in former times their Predecessors wanted For this perswasion therefore of the honourable Lord Generall which he had in charge from his Maiestie to make they yeeld all thankes but notwithstanding they propound and plainly adde that their oath shall be so that his Maiesties sonne shall succeed in their gouernment with certaine additions to wit that they will haue none other ouer them but onely his Maiesties sonne and that the whole Land doth make it knowne and propound their iudgement and sentence by way of denunciation that by no meanes but by offering his Maiesties sonne these troubles of Moscouia can be extinguished Adding withall that at that time in the first troubles when the honourable Lord Generall came into the Country of Moscouia and required the oath for the Kings Maiesties sonne if his Maiestie had made any mention thereof it is certaine that the Commons and all the Nobilitie would not haue consented thereunto by any meanes and that greater effusion of bloud had risen thereupon And that they had taken for their Prince Klutzinsky called the Wor to whom all were not assembled who also at that time had a great power of men as well of Poles as Russes and Litowes They therefore seeing the great discord amongst the people taking counsell did freely choose for their Lord and Emperour his Excellent Maiesties sonne vnto whom they had a great affection and who had a long time before layen in their hearts assuring themselues also that by this election of his Maiesties sonne many troubles and dissentions would be pacified and so reiected the aforesaid Wor Klutzinsky As also they receiued into their chiefe Citie the chiefe Generall But when it was heard that his Excellent Maiestie would by no meanes giue vnto them his sonne for their Lord and to rule ouer them they fell into such effusion of bloud and insurrections As also the same time the whole Country of Moscouia looked and expected nothing else then his Maiesties sonne Calling to memorie for their better aduice that it was to be feared least whilest his Maiestie came too late with his sonne diuers parts of the Land should choose vnto themselues seuerall Lords As to the Southward the Castles Strachen and others to the King of Persia part of Pomerland and Siberia to the Kings of Denmarke and England Nouogrod Plesco Iuanogrod and others to the King of Sweden and that the other Cities would choose to themselues other Lords separate from the rest In the meane season they desire his Excellent Maiestie to make a speedy end of these warres according to his Obligation and promise ratified by the oath of the honorable Lord Generall and the whole Armie and that his Maiestie himselfe with his sonne would come into Moscouia They request also that his Excellent Maiestie would retayne with himselfe and his Sonne Counsellors and Messengers of their Commonwealth for the ordayning and concluding of perpetuall Conditions They request also that his Maiestie in the name of his Sonne would send vnto all the Inhabitants of the Townes and write vnto the seuerall Cities signifying his comming into their Dominions and willing that out of the seuerall Prouinces all sorts of men send their Messengers to treate and conclude of the affaires of all sorts of People and of peâ—petuall tranquillitie Promising after the said Charge and Letters to all people in generall and notifying from their said Lord that by Gods grace there may bee throughout the whole Land of Moscouia tranquillitie peace and securitie To conclude they pray heartily vnto the Lord God to grant vnto his Maiestie in this businesse begun a prosperous and speedy end Thus haue wee seene dissolute resolutions or resolute dissolutenesse men onely constant in inconstancy resolued vpon irresolution As we often see sicke persons turning euery way and no way eased in the night time longing for day and in the day for night such was now the Russian sicknesse they would and they would not and yet would againe and againe would not they scarsly knew what or why fluctuating in an inward storme of diuersifyed hopes feares desires distracted affections no lesse then in that outward broile of State For it was not long that they looked toward Poland whether for breach of conditions of that part or out of inueterate hate to the Pole or their Nationall iealousie and distrust of Strangers or a naturall inconstancy they fell off from that Prince and their Chancellor Father to the now raigning Emperour employed there with others in Embassage were detayned thereupon prisoners It is also reported that they made secret ouertures to His Maiestie of Great Britaine and that Sir Iohn Merick and Sir Willam Russel were therein employed but the strong conuulsions and sharpe agues and agonies of that State could not or would not endure the lingring of such remote pâ—isicke the wheele of Things being whirled about before such a Treatie might admit a passage of Messengers to and fro Once that Russian Head grew so heady and giddy that at last it bred innumerable Heads yea the whole Body became Heads in the worst of tyrannies a popular
make them his heires of Heauen which models of Deity seeke to establish the peace of God vpon Earth And let it not seeme tedious here to present these His Majesties Trauels amongst our other Trauellers but in a more glorious manner lâ—ker to God vnmoueable which moueth all things who hath not only been our Sunne and with lightsome heate and influence filled our Brittish Hemisphere but hath dispersed his bright rayes of Light and warmed with sweet quickning beames of heat those remoter frozen Climates of Sweden and Russia not to mention or but to mention the quarrels of Denmarke and Sweden and after their long frostie Night such is the nature such was the state of those States to reduce the faire day-light of Peace the warmth whereof hath thawed the Icie hardned hearts of Enmity and filled all things with sweets and cheere of a returning Spring Nulla salus bello pacem te poscimus omnes CHAP. X. A briefe Copie of the points of the Contracts betweene the Emperours Maiestie and the Kings Maiestie of Sweden at Stolboua the seuen and twentieth of February 1616. INprimis and especially that all matters by set aside forgotten pacified and renounced which passed these former yeeres since the conclusion of peace at Taffina in the yeere 7003. betweene the former great Lords Emperours and great Dukes of all Russia and afterwards our great Lord Emperour and great Duke Michaelo Phedorowich of all Russia Sam. his Imperiall Maiestie and Empire of Russia and betweene their late high mightie Lord King Charles the Ninth of Sweden the aboue named Kings Maiesties highly honored and beloued Father especially their high mighty Lord King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden his Kingly Maiesty and the Crowne of Sweden As also both the Princes their Dominions Lands Cities and people chance or hap of the Subiects which happened or was done by robbery burning killing or other enmities whatsoeuer might bee or by whom it was done that all those griefes and troubles in all matters shall be set aside and hereafter not be reuenged or remembred of neither party for euer and by this present strong conclusion of peace betwixt our great Lord Emperour and great Duke Michaelo Pheodorowich of all Russia Sam. and betwixt their great mightie Lord King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden c. and of other Dominions Lands Castles aswell those of old as those which by this conclusion of peace are giuen and yeelded vp and betwixt all the Subiects and people to bee renewed established confirmed and held vnremoueable in the manner of a peace for euer and euer and sure friendship perpetually Also that the Emperours Maiesty and the Kings Maiesty shall desire one anothers best in all matters and neyther seeke a better friend but to deale faithfully and truly in all matters reciprocally 2. Item is giuen vnto our great Lord Emperour and great Duke Michaelo Pheodorowich of all Russia Sam. his heires successors and hereafter comming great Lords Emperors and great Dukes of all Russia and the Empire thereof by their great Lord King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden for himselfe his successors and hereafter being Kings of Sweden and for the whole Crowne of Sweden doth deliuer and cleere by the power of this conclusion of peace these Castles of the Empire in Russia with the Townes and Suburbs which were taken in these yeeres namely great Nouogrod Stararousse Porcoue Lodiga Odo with their Territories Somerskey Volost with the Villages belonging to the Emperors Houshold to Metropolie Monasteries Gentlemens Lands Inheritances Farmes with all their profits and reuenues according to former Borders and Limits except those Castles which the Emperours Maiestie doth yeeld by power of this Contract of peace as hereafter more certainly shall be exprest 3. Item The Kings Maiestie of Sweden doth giue vnto the Emperours Maiestie with the aforesaid Castles and Townes all manner of Church ornaments which are in the Church of Sophia The Sapience of God and within all Churches and Monasteries in Nouogrod and in other Castles and Townes which the Kings Maiesty hath giuen to the Emperour's Maiesty without carrying any thing away Also the Kings Maiesty doth giue the Metropolite and all the Spiritualtie with all their goods as also all manner of Russe people what calling soeuer they be which are in those Townes Castles and Territories dwelling now or planting themselues there with their Wiues Children and all their goods whatsoeuer any hath As also the Kings Maiesty shall giue all manner of Writings and Bookes which are in those Castles and Townes to be found in Roserades iudgement houses or elsewhere with all Russe Ordnance Munition and Prouisions there belonging and the Bells in those aforesaid Castles and Townes in such manner as they were the twentieth of Nouember last past according to agreement made with the Kings most excellent Maiesty of Great Britaines Ambassadour Sir Iohn Merick except those Bells which the people of Nouogrod themselues did sell after that agreement for the payment of Souldiers and were carried away from Nouogrod but those Bells which the Kings seruants and people did take perforce without buying shall be in right manner sought out and brought backe againe to Nouogrod and restored there Also which Bells the Kings Maiesties people bought at Nouogrod it shall bee free for the Nouogrod men to redeeme them backe againe at the same price they sold them for and the Kings people hereafter shall not buy any more Bells of the people of Nouogrod by no meanes whatsoeuer 4. Item the Kings Maiesties people of Sweden at their departure out of the Emperours Maiesties Castles and Towns aforesaid namely great Nouogrod Stararouse Porcoue Lodaga Somersko Volosco c. shall vse no violence to the Emperors Maiesties people by burning robbing or killing neyther carry any Russe people with them to the Kings Maiesties side neither men nor women nor children nor any of their goods and if any goods remayne of the Swethish people at their going out of the aforesaid Towne which at that time they cannot take all with them such goods shall be kept in safetie by those with whom they are left till such time as euery one of them shall come thither for his owne goods or send some bodie for them and these people shall haue free libertie to goe without all molestation or let to come for their goods and to returne againe at their owne conuenient time 5. Item the Kings Maiesties Gouernours and Officers shall deliuer vnto the Emperours Maiesties Voyauodes and Commanders the aboue named Townes and Castles to say great Nouogrod Stararouse Porcoue with their Territories and Somerskey Volost in presence of the great Lords Iames King c. his Maiesties great Ambassadour Sir Iohn Merike Knight c. or the said Kings Maiesties Gentlemen the which the aboue said great Ambassadour shall send to that end clensing and giuing ouer the said Castles and Townes two weekes after this contract is confirmed betweene vs both great Commissionors by Writings Hand
Pilot from Venice dated the 20. of Nouember 1596. which came not to his hands And also another Letter dated the 24. of Ianuarie 1596. which came to his hands And thereof he wrote me answere dated the 28. of May 1597. which I receiued the first of August 1597. by Thomas Norden an English Merchant yet liuing in London wherein he promised still to goe with me into England to performe the said voyage for discouerie of the North-west passage into the South Sea if I would send him money for his charges according to his former writing without the which money he said he could not goe for that he said he was vndone vtterly when he was in the ship Santa Anna which came from China and was robbed at California And yet againe afterward I wrote him another Letter from Venice whereunto he wrote me answere by a Letter written in his Greeke language dated the 20. of October 1598. the which I haue still by me wherein he promiseth still to goe with me into England and performe the said voyage of discouerie of the North-west passage into the South Sea by the said streights which he calleth the Streight of Noua Spania which he saith is but thirtie daies voyage in the streights if I will send him the money formerly written for his charges The which money I could not yet send him for that I had not yet recouered my pension owing mee by the Companie of Turkie aforesaid And so of long time I stayed from any furder proceeding with him in this matter And yet lastly when I my selfe was at Zante in the moneth of Iune 1602. minding to passe from thence for England by Sea for that I had then recouered a little money from the Companie of Turkie by an order of the Lords of the Priuie Counsell of England I wrote another Letter to this Greeke Pilot to Cefalonia and required him to come to me to Zante and goe with mee into England but I had none answere thereof from him for that as I heard afterward at Zante he was then dead or very likely to die of great sicknesse Whereupon I returned my selfe by Sea from Zante to Venice and from thence I went by land through France into England where I arriued at Christmas An. 1602. safely I thanke God after my absence from thence ten yeeres time with great troubles had for the Company of Turkies businesse which hath cost me a great summe of money for the which I am not yet satisfied of them A Treatise of the North-west passage to the South Sea through the Continent of Virginia and by Fretum Hudson THe noble plantation of Virginia hath some very excellent prerogatiues aboue many other famous Kingdomes namely the temperature of the aire the fruitfulnesse of the soile and the commodiousnesse of situation The aire is healthfull and free both from immoderate heate and from extreme cold fo that both the Inhabitants and their Cattell doe prosper exceedingly in stature and strength and all Plants brought from any other remote climate doe there grow and fructifie in as good or better manner then in the soile from whence they came Which though it doe manifestly prooue the fruitfulnesse of the soile yeelding all kindes of Graine or Plants committed vnto it with a rich and plentifull increase yet cannot the fatnesse of the earth alone produce such excellent effects vnlesse the temperature of the aire be likewise so fauourable that those tender sprouts which the earth doth abundantly bring forth may bee cherished with moderate heate and seasonable moisture and freed both from scorching drought and nipping frost The North part of America Gerardus Mercator a very industrious and excellent Geographer was abused by a Map sent vnto him of foure Euripi meeting about the North Pole which now are found to bee all turned into a mayne Icie Sea One demonstration of the craftie falshood of these vsuall Maps is this that Cape Mendocino is set in them West North-west distant from the South Cape of California about seuenteene hundred leagues whereas Francis Gaule that was imployed in those discoueries by the Vice-roy of New Spaine doth in Hugo Linschotten his booke set downe their distance to be onely fiue hundred leagues Besides this in the place where Sir Thomas Button did winter in 57. degrees of latitude the constant great Tydes euery twelue houres and the increase of those Tydes whensoeuer any strong Westerne winde did blow doe strongly perswade vs that the mayne Westerne Ocean is not farre from thence which was much confirmed vnto them the Summer following when sayling directly North from that place where they wintered about the latitude of 60. degrees they were crossed by a strong Current running sometimes Eastward sometimes Westward So that if we finde either Hudsons Bay or any Sea more neere vnto the West wee may assure our selues that from thence we may with great ease passe to any part of the East Indies And that as the World is very much beholding to that famous Columbus for that hee first discouered vnto vs the West Indies and to the Portugal for the finding out the ordinarie and as yet the best way that is knowne to the East Indies by Cape Bona Speranza So may they and all the world be in this beholding to vs in opening a new and large passage both much neerer safer and farre more wholesome and temperate through the Continent of Virginia and by Fretum Hudson to all those rich Countries bordering vpon the South Sea in the East and West Indies And this hope that the South Sea may easily from Virginia be discouered ouer Land is much confirmed by the constant report of the Sauages not onely of Virginia but also of Florida and Canada which dwelling so remote one from another and all agreeing in the report of a large Sea to the Westwards where they describe great ships not vnlike to ours with other circumstances doe giue vs very great probabilitie if not full assurance that our endeuours this way shall by Gods blessing haue a prosperous and happy successe to the encrease of his Kingdome and Glorie amongst these poore ignorant Heathen people the publique good of all the Christian world the neuer-dying honour of our most gracious Soueraigne the inestimable benefit of our Nation and the admirable and speedie increase and aduancement of that most noble and hopefull Plantation of Virginia for the good successe whereof all good men with mee I doubt not will powre out their prayers to Almightie God H. B. VOYAGES AND TRAVELS TO AND IN THE NEW WORLD CALLED AMERICA RELATIONS OF THEIR PAGAN ANTIQVITIES AND OF THE REGIONS AND PLANTATIONS IN THE NORTH AND SOVTH parts thereof and of the Seas and Ilands adiacent THE FIFTH BOOKE CHAP. I. A Description of the West Indies by ANTONIO De HERRERA his Maiesties Chiefe Chronicler of the Indies and his Chronicler of Castile To the Licentiate PAVL of Laguna President of the Royall and Supreme Councell of the Indies THe
The Gouernment and Prouince of Guatemala on the South Sea coast in length of it may be about seuentie leagues and in breadth North and South thirtie it is a Countrie of a good temperature plentifull of Millet Cotten wooll Corne and other fruits though they preserue not the Seede of one yeare for the other the waters are few but when it raineth they are very violent from Aprill to October the windes are North and South and the North lasteth but fifteene or twentie dayes and it is very cold and furious There are in it fiue Spanish Townes buildings of the President Don Pedro of Aluarado in the yeare 1524. and 25. The Citie of Saint Iames of Guatemala whose situation was called Cachequill which signifieth an Eagle because the Generall of this Nation when hee went to warre did beare an Eagle for his Plume it is the head of the Gouernment where the Counsell is resident in 24. degrees and a halfe of height and 93. degr from the Meridian of Toledo from whence it may bee distant by a greater circle of one thousand sixe hundred and sixtie leagues and it is twelue from the Sea and a towne of sixe hundred Spanish housholds the Officers of the goods and Royall Treasure are resident there the melting house and the Cathedrall Suffragane to Mexico with one Monasterie of Dominicans and another of Mercenarie Friars and one Hospitall and in the bounds fiue and twentie thousand tributarie Indians This Citie is seated in a very pleasant Valley with fruits of diuers sorts and all kinde of prouision and dainties The Citie of Saint Sauiour which in the Indian language is called Cuzcatlan is fortie leagues from Saint Iames to the South-east with one Monasterie of Dominicans The Village of the Trinitie which in the Indian tongue was called Conzonate sixe and twentie leagues from Saint Iames to the South-west foure leagues from the Port of Axacutla It is a chiefe Commissionership with title of his Maiestie with one Monasterie of Dominicans in a plentifull soile of Cacao and the Indians of it are of the iurisdiction of Saint Iames it is a place of great trafficke and the Port a touch for the ships of Peru and of New Spaine The Village of Saint Michael sixtie two leagues from Saint Iames and two and twentie from Saint Sauiour to the South-west two leagues from the Sea and Bay of Fonseca which serueth it for Hauen and in the bounds are eightie Townes of Indians The Village of Xerez of the frontier in the Indian speech called Chuluteca in the confines of Guatemala and Nicaragua eightie leagues from Saint Iames and twentie from Saint Michael to the South-east both plentifull of Cotton wooll and Millet Neere the Citie of Saint Iames is that Volcan so famous of Guatemala and in all the Indies are many of these Volcanes but the most famous are those of Guatemala which hath burst out diuers times casting fire stones and ashes with great hurt of the Countrie That of Arequipa of Tlascala Quito and others In this Countrie are many springs of water hot and of sundrie properties and colours there is much and good Balme which the Spaniards knew without learning it of the Indians against the which some Author speaketh and also liquid Amber Gumme anime Copall and Suchicopall and other Gummes and Liquoris most perfect and beasts that breed the Bezar stone they gather great store of Cacao which is great riches it is a meane Tree the leaues like a Chesnut though bigger it giueth flower and fruit euery Moone and the same doe in that Countrie the Orange trees The Cacao is a tree that loueth moisture better then the Sunne and therefore they plant neere him another tree to shadow him The Ports of this Gouernment in the South Sea beside the rehearsed are the Bay of Fonseca neere to Saint Michael in twelue degrees and a halfe of height Gil Gonçales of Auila gaue it the name in the yeere 1522. for the Bishop Iohn Rodrigues of Fonseca President of the Councell of the Indies And within the Bay is an Iland which he named Petronilla by a Neece of the Bishop The Port of Acaxutla neere to the Trinitie in twelue degrees height is the best of this Gouernment for New Spaine and Peru and the Bay of Guatemala twelue leagues from it and the Riuer of Xicalapa seuen leagues from the Bay to the West On the North side this Prouince hath no coast for it commeth not to the Sea by fortie leagues vnto a landing place which they call the Port of the fresh Gulfe from whence the merchandize that goe from Spaine are conueighed by the Gulfe of Honduras into the Land with carriages vnto Guatemala Saint Sauiour and the Trinitie and twelue leagues before Guatemala in the high way of Mexico is the great Lake of Atulau of ten leagues in compasse and foure in breadth without bottom The Prouince and Gouernment of Soconusco is the furthest West from Guatemala vpon the coast of the South Sea of length and breadth about foure and thirtie leagues plentifull of Cacao the greatest trafficke of it and of all that in it is sowne except Wheat there is no more then one Spanish towne which is called Guencolan founded by Don Pedro de Aluarado where the Gouernour is resident her coast which is in the South Sea beginneth seuen leagues from the Riuer of Ayutla to the West and presently the Riuers Coatlan Capanercalte Colatl Haztatlan Amituc and Quizatatlan The Prouince and Bishoprick of Chiapa is Mediterranean betweene Soconusco by the South and the vttermost of New Spaine by the West and by the North and the East betweene Tabasco an◠Verapaz in length East and West about fortie leagues and some lesse in breadth some lesse fertile of Wheat and Millet and other Seedes and of Cattell except Sheepe that are not many It hath one Towne of Castilians which is called Citie Royall seuentie leagues from Saint Iames of Guatemala toward the North-east which by a particular priuiledge is gouerned by ordinarie Iustices The Cathedrall is resident here with one Monasterie of Dominicke Friars and many Indian Townes in her limits Chiapa is the principallest Towne of them from whence the Prouince tooke the name The Countrie-men haue skill in breeding of Horses that those of this Countrie become the best that are in New Spaine they are Musicians and Painters and learne any Trade that doth consist in arte they were in old time of Nicaragua and the Captaine Iames of Mazariegos the yeere 1531. built this Citie in a Valley where now it stands round of a maruellous situation in 18. degrees and a halfe sixtie leagues from the North Sea and as many from the South The Prouince of Verapaz a name which the Dominicke Friars gaue it because they pacified it with preaching is also Mediterranean betweene the bounds of Soconusco Chiapa Yacatan Honduras and Guatemala of thirty leagues ouer and
it a loyall man to the King by order of the President Don Iames of Almagro which left him for Gouernour of the Prouince when hee went vnto it hauing ended the agreement with the President Don Peter of Aluarado The Riuer Bamba in the Prouince of the Pâ—râ—aes is a Countrie to Castile in the temperature of herbes flowres and other things it is a towne of shepheards it stands fiue and twentie leagues to the South-west of Saint Francisce of Quito the way to the Kings wherein are fortie thousand head of cattell the greatest part sheepe Here the Yugas had certaine Royall houses and here the President Belalcazar had a tedious battaile with the Indians and ouercame them and in this place was the agreement rehearsed of Don Iames of Almagro and Don Peter of Aluarado and in it was the Citie of Quito first built The citie of Cuenca which the Marques of Cauyete commanded to be built being Vice-roy of Piru which by another name is called Bamba one and fiftie leagues from Quito to the South is a Corregidorship prouided of the Vice-roy with one Monasterie of Dominicke another of Franciscan Friars In her iurisdiction are rich mynes of gold some of siluer and rich mynes of quick-siluer copper Iron and Brimstone The citie of Loxa otherwise called la Zarça eightie leagues from the citie of Quito toward the South and thirtie from Cuenca is a Gouernourship prouided by the Vice-roy it hath Monasteries of Saint Dominicke and of Saint Francis it stands in the way from Cuzco to Quito from whence it is eightie leagues in the faire Valley of Cuxibamba betweene two Riuers Captaine Antonie of Mercadillo built it in the yeere 1546. for to pacifie the countrimen which were somewhat disordered The citie of Zamora which is called of the Alcaydes is ninetie leagues from Quito South-eastward hauing passed the Rowe of the Andez it is a Gouernment prouided by the Vice-roy it hath a Monasterie of Franciscans they reape no Wheat because the countrie is very raynie it hath rich Mynes of gold wherin they find graines of foure pound waight and more the Captaine Mercadillo peopled it the yeere 1549. by a couenant with Captaine Benauente It stands twentie leagues from Loxa hauing past the Rowe which diuideth the bankes of the South Sea from the North the Indians did call it Zamora that part of the countrie is called Poroauca which signifieth Indians of warre much gold is gotten there and there hath beene graines brought to his Maiestie of twelue pound waight and there are Salt-pits of salt-water The citie of Iaen is fiue and fiftie leagues from Loxa and thirtie from the Chachapoyas Captaine Iames Palomino built it 1549. in the Prouinces of Chuquimayo in that of Chacaynga The citie of Saint Michael of Piura is in the Prouince of Chila one hundred and twentie leagues from Quito South-eastward and fiue and twentie from the Port of Payta where the bounds of this Councell doth end It is a Gouernment at the prouiding of the Vice-roy it hath one Monasterie of Mercenaries Though in this countrie rayne is holden for a wonder there are good watered grounds that beare good Wheat and Miller and the seedes and fruits of Castile The port of Payta stands in the iurisdiction of this Citie in fiue Southerne degrees which is good great and secure where the ships that goe from Guatemala to Piru doe touch The Marques Don Franciscuâ— Piçarro built it in the yeere 1531. the first of these Kingdomes and where the first Temple was erected in the honour of God and the holy Mother Church of Rome All the Prouince and borders of the Valleys of Tumbez are drie and the high-way of the Ingas passeth through these Valleys of Piura betweene trees and pleasant shadowes and betweene the principall Valley are ioyned two or three Riuers the Citie was built at the first in Tangazala from whence it was remooued because it was a sickly situation and now it stands betweene two Valleys and yet is somewhat sickly especially for the eyes for the great windes and dusts of the Summer and great moistures of the Winter The Citie of Saint Iames of Guayaquil by another name las Culata sixtie leagues from Quito and fifteene from the Sea to the South-west it is a Gouernment prouided by the Vice-roy the President Belalcazar peopled it and many of the Indians hauing rebelled and slaine many Spaniards the Captaine Franciscus of Orellana peopled it againe 1537. it is a most plentifull and pleasant Countrie and hath great store of hony in the hollow places of trees The waters of this Riuer which runne almost vnder the Equinoctiall are thought healthfull for the French disease and other sâ—ch like Many people went to the Riuer to recouer health for the multitude of the rootes of Zarçaparrilla that are in the Riuer it is not very great nor those that run to the South Sea are so bigge as those that runne into the North Sea because they runne but a little way but notwithstanding they are strong and with sudden flouds because they fall from the Mountaine The Indians doe vse many shiâ—ts for to passe them they haue in some places a rope ouer it and a basket on it and the passenger being put into it they pull him from the other side In other Riuers the Indian goeth riding on a trusse or straw and earneth the passenger behinde him in other places they haue a great Net of gourds vpon the which they lay the cloathes and the persons and the Indians fastened with certaine coardes goe swimming and pulling as coach-horses and a thousand other artes they vse for to passe the Riuers The Port of this Citie stands neere vnto it for the Riuer is very broad whereby they bring vp the merchandise from the Sea and they goe by land to Quito The yeere 1568. Captaine Contero planted the citie of Castro in the Valley of Vili the Licentiate Lope Garcia of Castro being Gouernour Vili is in the Prouinces of Bunigando Imdiuono and Gualapa which they call the Prouince of the Emeralds and he went about it from Guayaquil and discouered all these Prouinces from Passao vnto the Riuer of Saint Iohn which entreth into the South Sea The Citie of Puerto Viejo is about eightie leagues from Saint Francis of Quito to the West though not of open way and other fiftie from Saint Iames of Guayaquil whereby yee goe from Quito in her borders stands the Passao which is the first Port of the countrie of Piru and from it and from the Riuer of Saint Iames began the gouernment of the Marques Don Franciscus Piçarro and because this countrie is so neighbour to the Equinoctiall line that it stands in one degree some beleeue it is vnwholsome but in other parts as neere the Line men liue with much health plentie and abundance of all things for the sustenance of man against the opinion of the ancient
because of her euill sight I thinke her to be a night Beast and the friend of darknesse Sometimes the Christian men find these Beasts and bring them home to their houses where also they creepe all about with their naturall slownesse insomuch that neither for threatning or pricking they will mooue any faster then their naturall and accustomed pace And if they finde any Trees they creepe thither immediately and mount to the top of the highest branch thereof where they remayne continually for the space of eight or ten or twentie dayes without eating of any thing as farre as any man can iudge And whereas I my selfe haue kept them in my house I could neuer perceiue other but that they liue onely of Aire and of the same opinion are in manner all men of those Regions because they haue neuer seene them eate any thing but euer turne their heads and mouthes toward that part where the wind bloweth most whereby may be considered that they take most pleasure in the Ayre They bite not nor yet can bite hauing very little mouthes they are not venemous or noyous any way but altogether brutish and vtterly vnprofitable and without commoditie yet knowne to men sauing onely to mooue their minds to contemplate the infinite power of God who delighteth in the varietie of creatures whereby appeareth the power of his incomprehensible wisdome and maiestie so farre to exceed the capacitie of mans vnderstanding In these Regions there are likewise found certaine Fowles or Birds which the Indians call Alcatraz these are much bigger then Geese the greatest part of their feathers are of russet colour and in some parts yellow their bils or beakes are of two spannes in length and very large neere to the head and growing small toward the point they haue great and large throates and are much like to a Fowle which I saw in Flanders in Brussels in your Maiesties Palace which the Flemmings call Haina And I remember that when your Maiestie dined one day in your great Hall there was brought to your Maiesties presence a Caldron of water with certaine fishes aliue which the said fowle did eat vp whole and I think verily that that fowle was a fowle of the Sea because she had feet like fowles of the water as haue also these Alcatrazi which are likewise fowles of the Sea and of such greatnesse that I haue seene a whole coate of a man put into the throats of one of them in Panama in the yeere 1521. And forasmuch as in that Coast of Pama there passeth and flyeth a great multitude of these Alcatrazi being a thing very notable I will declare the manner hereof as not onely I but also diuers other now present in your Maiesties Court haue oftentimes seene Your Maiestie shall therefore vnderstand that in this place as I haue said before the Sea of Sur riseth and falleth two leagues and more from sixe houres to sixe houre so that when it increaseth the water of the Sea arriueth so neere to the houses of Panama as doth our Sea called Mare Mediterraneum in Barzalona or in Naples and when the said increasing of the Sea commeth there commeth also therewith such a multitude of small fishes called Sardines that it is so maruellous a thing to behold that no man would beleeue it that hath not seene it Insomuch that the Cacique that is the King of that Land at such time as I dwelt there was bound daily as he was commanded by your Maiesties Gouernour to bring ordinarily three Canoas or Barkes full of the said Sardines and to vnlade the same in the Market place which were afterward by the Ruler of the Citie diuided among the Christian men without any cost or charge to any of them Insomuch that if the people had beene a much greater multitude then they were and as many as are at this present in Toledo or more and had none other thing to liue by they might haue beene sufficiently susteined by these Sardines beside the ouerplus which should haue remayned But to returne to the fowles whereof wee haue spoken As the Sea commeth and the Sardines with the same euen so likewise come the said Alcatrazzi therewith and flye continually ouer it in such a multitude that they appeare to couer the vpper part or floore of the water and thus continue in mounting and falling from the ayre to the water and from the water to the ayre during all the time of their fishing and assoone as they haue taken any of these Sardines they flye aboue the waters and eate them incontinently and suddenly returne againe to the water for more continuing thus course by course without ceasing in like manner when the Sea falleth they follow their fishing as I haue said There goeth also in the company of these fowles another kind of fowles called Coda inforcata that is the forked tayle whereof I haue made mention before and assoone as the Alcatraz mounteth from the water with her prey of the Sardines suddenly this Coda inforcata giueth her so many strokes and so persecuteth her that shee causeth her to let fall the Sardines which shee hath in her mouth the which assoone as they are fallen and before they yet touch the water the Coda inforcata catcheth them euen in the fall in such sort that it is a great pleasure to behold the combat betweene them all the day long The number of these Alcatrazzi is such that the Christian men are accustomed to send to certaine Ilands and Rockes which are neere about Panama with their Boates or Barkes to take these Alcatrazzi while they are yet young and cannot flie and kill as many of them with staues as they will vntill they haue therewith laden their Barkes or Canoas these young ones are so fat and well fed that they cannot bee eaten and are taken for none other intent but onely to make Grease for Candles to burne in the night for the which purpose it serueth very well and giueth a cleere light and burneth easily After this manner and for this purpose innumerable of them are killed and yet it seemeth that the number of them that fish for Sardines doe daily increase There are other fowles called Passere sempie that is simple Sparowes these are somewhat lesse then Seamewes and haue their feet like vnto great Malards and stand in the water sometimes and when the ships saile fiftie or a hundred leagues about the Ilands these fowles beholding the ships comming toward them breake their flight and fall downe vpon the Saile yards Masts and Cables thereof and are so simple and foolish that they tarrie vntill they may easily bee taken with mens hands and were therefore called of the Mariners simple Sparrowes they are blacke and vpon their blacke haue their head and shoulders of feathers of a darke russet colour they are not good to bee eaten although the Mariners haue sometimes beene inforced to eate them There is another kind of Birds in the firme Land
the Tree as doe the fingers out of the hand wreathing themselues one within another and so spreading abroad these Trees are high and are found in great plentie in the Coast of the Sea of Sur in the Prouince of Cacique Chiman These Date Trees bring forth a Fruit after this sort being altogether vnite as it groweth on the Tree it is of greater circumference then the head of a man and from the superficiall part to the middest which is the fruit it is inuolued and couered with many Webs much like vnto those Hirds of Towe which they vse in Andalusia Of this Towe or Web the East Indians make a certaine kind of Cloth of three or foure sorts and Cordes for the Sayles of Ships but in these Indies of your Maiestie they passe not for these Coards or this Cloth that may be made of the Fruit of Coco by reason of the great plentie that they haue of the Bombage or Cotton of Gossampine Trees The Fruit which is in the middest of the said Tow is as I haue said as bigge as a mans fist and sometimes twice as bigge and more It in forme like vnto a Walnut oâ— some other round thing somewhat more long then large and very hard the rinde or burke hereof is as thicke as the circle of Letters of a Riall of Plate and within there cleaueth fast to the rinde of the Nut a carnositie or substance of coornell of the thicknesse of halfe a finger or of the least finger of the hand and is very white like vnto a faire Almond and of better taste and more pleasant When this Fruit is chewed there remayne certaine crummes as doe the like of Almonds Yet if it be swallowed downe it is not vnpleasant For although that after the iuyce or moysture be gone downe the throat before the said crummes be swallowed the rest which is eaten seeme somewhat sharpe or sowre yet doth it not so greatly offend the taste as to be cast away While this Cocus is yet fresh and newly taken from the Tree they vse not to eate of the said carnositie and Fruit but first beating it very much and then strayning it they draw a Milke thereof much better and sweeter then is the Milke of Beasts and of much substance the which the Christian men of those Regions put in the Tartes or Cakes which they make of the grain of Maiz whereof they make their Bread or in other Bread as we put Bread in Pottage so that by reason of the said Milke of Cocus the Tartes arm more excellent to be eaten without offence to the stomacke they are so pleasant to the taste and leaue it aswell satisfied as though it had beene delighted with many delicate Dishes But to proceed further your Maiestie shall vnderstand that in the place of the stone or coornell there is in the middest of the said carnositie a void place which neuerthelesse is full of a most cleere and excellent water in such quantitie as may fill a great Egge shell or more or lesse according to the bignesse of the Cocos the which water surely is the most substantiall excellent and precious to bee drunke that may be found in the World insomuch that in the moment when it passeth the palate of the mouth and beginneth to goe downe the throate it seemeth that from the sole of the foot to the crowne of the head there is no part of the bodie but that feeleth great comfort thereby as it is doubtlesse one of the most excellent things that may bee tasted vpon the earth and such as I am not able by writing or tongue to expresse And to proceed yet further I say that when the meate of this fruit is taken from the Vessell thereof the vessell remayneth as faire and neate as though it were polished and is without of colour inclining toward black and shineth or glistereth very faire and is within of no lesse delicatenesse Such as haue accustomed to drinke in these Vessels and haue beene troubled with the Disease called the fretting of the guts say that they haue by experience found it a maruellous remedie against that Disease and that it breaketh the stone and prouoketh vrine This fruit was called Coca for this cause that when it is taken from the place where it cleaueth fast to the Tree there are seene two holes and aboue them two other naturall holes which altogether doe represent the gesture and figure of the Cattes called Mammons that is Monkeyes when they cry which cry the Indians call Coca but in very deed this Tree is a kind of Date Tree and hath the same effect to heale fretting of the guts that Plinie describeth all kinde of Date trees to haue There are furthermore in the firme Land Trees of such bignesse that I dare not speake thereof but in place where I haue so many witnesses which haue seene the same as well as I. I say therefore that a league from Dariena or the Gitie of Sancta Maria Antiqua there passeth a Riuer very large and deepe which is called Cuti ouer the which the Indians laid a great Tree so trauersing the same that it was in the stead of a bridge the which I my selfe with diuers other that are at this present in your Maiesties Court haue oftentimes passed ouer And forasmuch as the said Tree had lyen long there and by the great weight thereof was so shrunke downeward and partly couered with water that none could passe ouer it but were wet to the knee I being then in the yeere 1522. the officiall or Iustice in that Citie at your Maiesties appointment caused another great Tree to bee laid in that place which in like manner trauersed the Riuer and reached more then fiftie foote ouer the further side This Tree was exceeding great and rested aboue the water more then two Cubits in the fall it cast downe all such other Trees as were within the reach thereof and discouered certaine bynes which were so laden with blacke Grapes of pleasant taste that they satisfied more then fiftie persons which ate their fill thereof This Tree in the thickest part thereof was more then sixteene spannes thicke and was neuerthelesse but little in respect of many other trees which are found in this Prouince For the Indians of the Coast and Prouince of Cartagenia make Barkes or Boates thereof which they call Canoas of such bignesse beeing all one whole Tree that some containe a hundred men some a hundred and thirtie and some more hauing neuerthelesse such void space within the same that there is left sufficient roome to passe to and fro throughout all the Canoas Some of these are so large beside the length that they conteine more then tenne or twelue spannes in breadth and saile with two sailes as with the Master saile and the trincket which they make of very good Cotton The greatest Trees that I haue seene in these parts or in any other Regions was in the Prouince of
Prouince or at the least in the Citie of Golden Castile otherwise called Beragua and in the coasts of the North Sea and of the South Sea called the Sea of Sur not omitting to note one singular and maruellous thing which I haue considered of the Ocean Sea whereof hitherto no Cosmographer Pilot or Mariner or any other haue satisfied me I say therefore as it is well knowne to your Maiestie and all such as haue knowledge of the Ocean Sea that this great Ocean casteth from it selfe the Sea Mediterraneum by the mouth of the Straight of Gibralterra in the which the water from the end and furthest part of that Sea euen vnto the mouth of the said Straight either in the East toward the coast commonly called Leuante or in any other part of the said Sea Mediterraneum the Sea doth not so fall nor increase as reason would iudge for so great a Sea but increaseth very little and a small space Neuerthelesse without the mouth of the Straight in the mayne Ocean it increaseth and falleth very much and a great space of ground from sixe houres to sixe houres as in all the coasts of Spaine Britaine Flanders Germanie and England The selfe same Ocean Sea in the firme Land newly found in the coasts of the same lying toward the North doth neither rise nor fall nor likewise in the Ilands of Hispaniola and Cuba and all the other Ilands of the same lying toward the North for the space of three thousand leagues but onely in like manner as doth the Sea Mediterraneum in Italie which is in manner nothing in respect to that increase and decrease which the said Ocean hath in the coasts of Spaine and Flanders But this is yet a greater thing that also the selfe same Ocean in the coasts of the said firme Land lying toward the South in the Citie of Panama and also in the coast of that Land which lyeth toward the East and West from that Citie as in the Iland of Pearles or Margarita which the Indians call Tarrarequi and also in Taboga and Otoque and in all other Ilands of the South Sea of Sur the water riseth and falleth so much that when it falleth it goeth in manner out of sight which thing I my selfe haue seene oftentimes And here your Maiestie may note another thing that from the North Sea to the South Sea being of such difference the one from the other in rising and falling yet is the Land that diuideth them not past eighteene or twentie leagues in breadth from Coast to Coast So that both the said Seas being all one Ocean this strange effect is a thing worthy greatly to bee considered of all such as haue inclination and desire to know the secret workes of Nature wherein the infinite power and wisedome of God is seene to be such as may allure all good Natures to reuerence and loue so diuine a Majestie Of the straight or narrow passage of the Land lying betweene the North and South Sea by the which Spices may much sooner and easilier be brought from the Ilands of Molucca into Spaine by the West Ocean then by that way whereby the Portugals saile into the East India THe firme Land in some parts thereof is so straight and narrow that the Indians say that from the Mountaines of the Prouince of Esquegua or Vrraca which are betweene the one Sea and the other if a man ascend to the top of the Mountaines and looke toward the North he may see the Water of the North Sea of the Prouince of Beragua and againe looking the contrarie way may on the other side towards the South see the Sea of Sur and the Prouinces which confine with it as doe the Territories of the two Lords or Kings of the said Prouinces of Vrraca and Esquegua Some measure this way in this part to bee from Sea to Sea eighteene leagues which I suppose to bee rather twentie not for that it is any more by measure but because it is rough and difficult as I haue said and as I haue found it by experience hauing now twise passed that way by foote counting from the Port and Village of Nombre de Dios vnto the Dominion of the Cacique of Iuanaga otherwise called Capira eight leagues and from thence to the Riuer of Chagre other eight leagues So that at this Riuer being sixteene leagues from the said Port endeth the roughnesse of the way then from hence to the maruellous Bridge are two leagues and beyond that other two vnto the Port of Panama So that all together in my iudgement make twentie leagues It is a maruellous facilitie to bring Spices by this way which I will now declare From Panama to the Riuer of Chagre are foure leagues of good and faire way by the which Carts may passe at pleasure by reason that the Mountaines are but few and little and that the greatest part of these foure leagues is a plaine ground void of Trees and when the Carts are come to the said Riuer the Spices may be carried in Barkes and Pinases For this Riuer entreth into the North Sea fiue or sixe leagues lower then the Port of Nomen Dei and emptieth it selfe in the Sea neere vnto an Iland called Bastimento where is a very good and safe Port. Your Maiestie may now therefore consider how great a thing and what commoditie it may be to conuey Spices this way forasmuch as the Riuer of Chagre hauing his originall onely two leagues from the South Sea continueth his course and emptieth it selfe into the other North Sea This Riuer runneth fast and is very great and so commodious for this purpose as may bee thought or desired the maruellous Bridge made by the worke of Nature being two leagues beyond the said Riuer and other two leagues on this side the Port of Panama so lying in the mid way betweene them both as framed naturally in such sort that none which passe by this voyage doth see any such Bridge or thinke that there is any such building in that place vntill they be in the top thereof in the way toward Panama But assoone as they are on the Bridge looking toward the right hand they see a little Riuer vnder them which hath his Channell distant from the feete of them that walke ouer it the space of two speares length or more The water of this Riuer is very shallow not passing the depth of a mans legge to the knee and is in breadth betweene thirtie and fortie paces and falleth into the Riuer of Chagre Toward the right hand standing on this Bridge there is nothing seene but great Trees The largenesse of the Bridge contayneth fifteene paces and the length thereof about threescore or fourscore paces The Arch is so made of most hard stone that no man can behold it without admiration being made by the High and Omnipotent Creator of all things How things that are of one kinde differ in forme
and qualitie according to the nature of the place where they are engendred or grow and of the beasts called Tigres IN the firme Land are found many terrible beasts which some thinke to be Tigres Which thing neuerthelesse I dare not affirme considering what Authors doe write of the lightnesse and agilitie of the Tigre whereas this beast being otherwise in shape very like vnto a Tigre is notwithstanding very slow Yet true it is that according to the maruailes of the World and differences which naturall things haue in diuers Regions vnder Heauen and diuers constellations of the same vnder the which they are created wee see that some such Plants and Herbes as are hurtfull in one Countrie are harmelesse and wholesome in other Regions And Birds which in one Prouince are of good taste are in other so vnsauourie that they may not bee eaten Men likewise which in some Countries are blacke are in other places white and yet are both these and they men Euen so may it be that Tigres are light in some Region as they write and may neuerthelesse be slow and heauie in these Indies of your Maiestie whereof wee speake The Sheepe of Arabie draw their tailes long and bigge on the ground and the Bulls of Egypt haue their haire growing toward their heads yet are those Sheepe and these Bulls Men in some Countries are hardie and of good courage and in other naturally fearfull and bruitish All these things and many more which may be said to this purpose are easie to bee prooued and worthy to bee beleeued of such as haue read of the like in Authors or trauelled the World whereby their owne sight may teach them the experience of these things whereof I speake It is also manifest that Iucca whereof they make their bread in the Iland of Hispaniola is deadly poison if it be eaten greene with the juyce and yet hath it no such propertie in the firme Land where I haue eaten it many times and found it to be a good fruit The Bats of Spaine although they bite yet are they not venemous but in the firme Land many die that are bitten of them And in this forme may so many things be said that time shall not suffice to write whereas my intent is onely to prooue that this beast may be a Tigre or of the kinde of Tigres although it bee not of such lightnesse and swiftnesse as are they whereof Plinie and other authors speake describing it to bee one of the swiftest beasts of the Land and that the Riuer of Tygris for the swift course thereof was called by that name The first Spaniards which saw this Tyger in the firme land did so name it Of the kind of these was that which Don Diego Columbo the Admiral sent your Maiesty out of New Spaine to Toledo Their heads are like to the heads of Lions or Lionesses but greater the rest of all their bodies and their legs are full of black spots one neere vnto another diuided with a circumference or fringe of red colour shewing as it were a faire work and correspondent picture about their croopes or hinder parts they haue these spots biggest and lesse lesse toward their bellies legs heads I haue seen some of three spans in height and more then fiue in length They are beasts of great force with strong legs and well armed with nayles and fanges which we call Dog-teeth they are so fierce that in my iudgement no reall Lyon of the biggest sort is so strong or fierce Of these there are many found in the firme Land which deuoure many of the Indians and doe much hurt otherwise but since the comming of the Christians many haue beene killed with Crosse-bowes after this manner Assoone as the Archer hath knowledge of the haunt of any of these Tygers hee goeth searching their trace with his Crosse-bow and with a little Hound or Begle not with a grey-hound because this Beast would soon kill any Dogge that would venter on him When the Hound hath found the Tigre he runneth about him baying continually and approacheth so neere him snapping and grinning with so quicke flying and returning that he hereby so molesteth this fierce Beast that hee driueth him to take the next Tree at the foot whereof he remayneth still baying and the Tigre grinning and shewing his teeth while in the meane time the Archer commeth neere and twelue or fourteene paces off striketh him with the querell of his Crosse-brow in the brest and flyeth incontinent leauing the Tigre in his trauell for life and death byting the Tree and eating earth for fiercenesse then within the space of two or three houres or the day following the Archer returneth thither and with his Dogge findeth the place where hee lyeth dead The Indians and especially they of the firme Land in the Prouince which the Catholike King Don Ferdinando commanded to bee called Golden Castile call this Beast Ochi This thing is strange that chanced of late that whereas the Tigre whereof we haue made mention before would haue killed his keeper that then kept him in a Cage was in few daies after made so tame that he led her tyed only with a small coard and plaid with her so familiarly that I maruelled greatly to see it yet not without certaine beliefe that this friendship will not last long without danger of life to the Keeper forasmuch as surely these Beasts are not meet to be among men for their fiercenesse and cruell nature that cannot be tamed Of the manners and customes of the Indians of the Firme Land and of their women THe manners and customes of these Indians are diuers in diuers Prouinces Some of them take as many Wiues as them list and other liue with one Wife whom they forsake not without consent of both parties which chanceth especially when they haue no children The Nobilitie aswel men as women repute it infamous to ioyne with any of base Parentage or Strangers except Christians whom they count Noblemen by reason of their valiantnesse although they put a difference betweene the common sort and the other to whom they shew obedience counting it for a great matter and an honorable thing if they bee beloued of any of them insomuch that if they know any Christian man carnally they keepe their faith to him so that hee be not long absent farre from them for their intent is not to be Widdowes or to liue chaste like religious women Many of them haue this custome that when they perceiue that they are with childe they take an Hearbe wherewith they destroy that is conceiued for they say that only well aged women should beare children and that they will not forbeare their pleasures and deforme their bodies with bearing of children whereby their Teates become loose and hanging which thing they greatly dispraise When they are deliuered of their children they goe to the Riuer and wash them which done
Calphacks double dealing The Soldans sudden on-set He dealeth politikely He ouer-commeth Caneto Gazara Beduines are wilde Arabs Aâ—â—â—n yeelded Ayton present at these and the other Expeditions from Haloon till this time Casans dwarfish stature and ill-fauoured feature 1307. Cotolusa Calfachs treason Gaur Tyron Casan reneweth the warre of Syria The Saracens burne and waste their owne Countrey Caccabe Sir Baydo 〈◊〉 againe 〈◊〉 tâ—ken Damascus besieged The obstinaâ—ie of Cotulossa The Soldan a wary Warrior Cotulossa his fruitlesse attempt The Tartars indangered by the waters He aydeth him with men and money Carbanda his Successor The Soldan maketh roades into Armenia The King of Armenia ouerthroweth his Enemies The Victorie brings peace The Author of himselfe He taketh the Habit of a Premonstratensis An. Doâ— 1305. The credit of this Historie Tamar Can. Iong or Ions see sup 19. §. 1. Three inferior Kings of the Tartars Chapar Hoctai Carbanda Chapar Hoctay of whoÌ„ came the Zagatay Tartars and Tamerlane * That is the Huns of whom the Hungarians had originall Carbanda The diuision of Asia The Derbent The Citie called the Iron Gate The Birds called Seyserach Barca in the Latine Copie is called Abcas The Religion of the Cataians or Tartarians of those parts Impunitie of Manslaughter Polygamie Warfare Eating of Horse-flesh Their Hospitalitie Delight in lying Ogerus a Dane of whom they write that hee conquered India c. Odericus in M. Hak. publishâ—d Epitaphium Epistola Pars prima continens capita 23. Cap. 1. Commendatio breuis terrae Hierosolymitanae Ioannis Mandâ—villi peregrinatiâ— per tres triginta annos continuaâ—a Cap. 2. Iter ab Anglia tam per terras quam per aquas vique in Constantinopolim Regis Hungariae olim potentia Mons Aetna Aeolides Insulae Temperies Siciliae Insulae Leuea Lombardica Quid sit dieta Cap. 3. De vrbe Constantinopoli reliquijs ibidem contentis Ecclesia Sanctae Sophiae Regina Helena Britanna Imago Iustiniani Aristotelis tumba festum Cap. 10. De conductu Soldani via vâ—que in Sinai Literae Soldani in gratiam Mandevilli concessae Cap. 11. De Monasterio Sinay reliquijs bearae Catherina Omittuntur seqq vid. supr l. 8. c. 13. Cap. 14. De Ecclesia gloriosi Sepulchri Domini in vrbe Ierusalem Templum Sepulchri Melech Mandybron Soldanus Mandevillus de hoc dubitat vid. sup l. 3. c. 2. Tumba Godefridi de Bollion Cap. 15. De tribus alijs Ecclesijs specialiter de Templo Domini Literae Soldani traditae Mandiuillo Cap. 16. De pluribus locis sacris iuxta vrbem Colloquium Soldani cum Mandeuillo Reprehensio Sacerdotum Reprehensio vulgi iustâ—ssima Vestimentorum varietas reprehensa Secunda pars Cap. 26. De Aethiopia Diamantibus de infima India India triplex Cap. 28. De Ecclesia corpore sanctae Thomae Apostoli Regio Mabron vel Malaber Calamiâ— vel Calumè Idolum in Templo sancti Apostoli erectum Occidunt se in honorem Idoli Cap. 29. De Iaua quibuâ—dam alijs meridionalibus Insulis Mandeuilâ—us vsus astâ—olabio Iaua Insula grandis Multa Aromata in Iaua * Vel Tholomaffi * Vel Paten Farina ex arbore * Taddie Calanoch Testitudines grandissimae Australis latitudo 33. grad 16. minut Haec erat Eratosthenis computatio Cap. 32. De bona Regione Manchus forte Mangi Christiani Sunt huiusmodi etiam caneâ— in India occidentalâ— teste Petro Martyre in Decadibus Cansay vel Quinsay eius descriptio Eâ—dem narrat Odericus Cap. 33. Iamchan * Cuman Ciuitas Meke Maâ—imae naues quales hodie ostentat China a Siue Lanterin b Vel Caremoron Cathay Calay c Engarmago Vilitas serici Vel Cambaleck Caydo Ciuitas Cap. 34. De Palatio Imperatoris Grand Can. Mandeuillus suis pedibus mensurauit aulum Imperatoris Haitonus meminit long Cap. 35. De quatuor solennitatibus quas Magnus Can celebrat in anno Vixit in Cambalu tribus annis Sex cuman faemulorum Quinque Cuman equitum Decem Cuman pèditum Medici Christiani 200. in aula Grand Can. Vnus Cuman continet decem millia vt in cap. 33. Moneta de corio vel papyro Quatuor festa Circumcisio quaedam Cap. 36. De ludis praestigijs in suo â—esto de suo comitatu Semel in die comedunt Magi insignes Insignis sententia 1. Sam. 11.2 Cap. 37. Qua de causa dicitur Grand Can. Vera ratio huius nominis Can. Guis Can. Vel Belgiam Cur albi equi nouenarius numerus Tartaris sint in pretio Grand Can. Ochoto Can. Gui Can. Mango Can. Cobila Can. Echiant Can Imperator Tartarorum tempore Mandeuilli Serochan vxor Grand Can. Yroga Deus Naturae Cap. 38. De Territorio Cathay moribus Tartarorum 12. Prouinciae Chinae Cathay Asia triplex Vestitus Tartarorum Porcus panis rariss Formae domorum Tartari Hamaxouij 1. in plaustâ—is viuentes Nouilunium in precio Ceremoniae Tartarorum peccara Arma Tartarorum Tartari retrâ— sagittantes Tartari habent parâ—os oculos raram barbam Mos sepulturae Cap. 39. De sepultura Imperatoris Grand Can creatione successoris Cap. 40. De multis regionibus Imperio Tartariae subiectis Turquestan Octopar Corasine Regnum Commanorum Bocura vel Bohare Samarkand Seu Nessabon Spahan Sarmasane Tertia Pars. Cap. 41. De magnificentia Imperatoris Indiae preciositate Palatij Sâ—u Pentoxoria Ciuitas Nyse Fabula de rebus gestis Ogeri Ducis Dâ—niae quales de Orlando Guidone 〈◊〉 c. Vnde Presbyteâ— Ioannes sit dictus 4000 â—nsulae This is taken out of Ramusios discourse of this voyage Desart-deuills Baldac Ormus Calatia Bisnagar Pelagonga Nestorians dispersed thorow India Malabar Cinamon Aua. This Bell or Ball fashion is there still in vâ—e Either this story is not true or this Mangi is not China but Polos Miâ—n or some other place Cataio Note Zaiton Pauconia perhaps Paquin No compasse which yet in the next age was there in vse Aen. Syl. de 2. Asiae parte c. 10. Macinum hereby appeares his Macin is about Siam or Pegu c. * And yet how many things more incredible are now found true The History of Tamerlan famous amongst the Turkes and Arabians Alhacen The Franke Tongue amongst the Turkes Yee often haue reade that Franke in the East euer since the Frankes taking Ierusalem signifies all the Wâ—st of Europe Tamerlan his learning The Tartarians strange kinde of Astrologie The off-spring and stocke of Tamerlan The flockes of the Tartarian Kings are theiâ— stockes and the Tartâ—rs beasts are theâ—â— best wealth * This name seems deriued from Sochtai mentioned before in Haiton of whom these Tartars are still called Zagetai Tamerlans name some make it to signifie Lame-leg by reason of that accident falling from his Horse Michou Tamerlan his studies and learning Maiestie in his eyes The like is reported of Augustus The custome of the Tartarians Tamerlan wore long haire and why The description of Tamerlan Our Authors tell vs he
of a Biscay ship The fourth and fifth Whales killed The sixt whale killed Three hundred Morses Biscainers enuie The seuenth Whale killed The eight Whale killed The ninth and tenth Whales killed The eleuenth twelfth and thirteenth Whales killed Ascension day Greenland attayned in eighteene dayes A ship of Saint Iohn de Luz Eight Spaniards on the coast The Generall was Captaine Beniamin Ioseph after slaine in fight with a Carrike Dutch ship No night the 23. of May. Diuers strangers Lat. 78. deg 24. minut Ship of Biscay Snowe Greene harbour Low sound His Maiesties Armes and a Crosse set vp at Low-nesse Snowe Thomas Bonner English man Master and Pilot. 76. deg 55. min. declination 67. deg 30. min. Variation 12. deg 14. min. Abundance of Ice An Iland in 72 degrees on the Coast of Groinland Three and twentie whales killed A man slaine Latitude 78. deg 7. min. Note A South South west Moone maketh a full Sea here A Biscayn ship of 700. tuns Many rockes full of Fowle Lisets Ilands Eighteene Whales killed Three Whales killed by the English Eight thirtie Whales killed August 1. Latitude 77. degrees 40. minutes Variation 13. degrees 11. minutes Latitude 79. degrees 14. minutes This was Maâ— Cudners ship of London Latitude 79. degrees 8. minutes Sunnes refraction Note M. Cudner of London William Gourdon Variation 1. degree 5. min. Rost Ilands or Rosten 68. dâ—g no min. Thâ— variâ—tion 4 degrees 8. minutes East Variation 5. dâ—g 3. minutes East The lying of the land about Scoutsnesse We went forth to Sea We met with Ice in 75. deg 10. minutes Eleuen Sayles fast in the Ice M. Th. Sherwin Iune We goe cleere off the Ice Wee met with the Mary An-Sarah We came to the Fore land We proceeded to the Northwards Maudlen Sound Hackluyts Head-land We anchoreâ— in Maudlen Sound I went forth in a shallop We set sayle out of Maudlen Sound and followed the Ice Prince Charles Iland in 78. degrees 40. minutes Wee stood againe for shoare Eleuen Holland ships We anchored in Sir T. Smiths Bay We went forth of Sir T. Smiths Bay We were driuen backe againe into Crosse-road We set sayle out of Crosse-road One shallop to the Northward The other into Maudlen Sound The Kings Armes set vp in Trinitie Harbour Trinitie Harbor is vnder the parallel of 79. degrees 34. minutes We came to an anchor in Faire Hauen No Whales were yet come in The shallop returned from the Northwards Cape Barrèn Saddle Iland A Storme Iulie The Whales began now to come in Two Whales escaped We came forth of Faire hauen We met with Ice and stood to the Northwards Our Shallop came to vs. We returned towards Faire hauen We intended to discouer in Shallops I went forth in the one Shallop Master Baffin came to me in the other Shallop Red-beach Wee hailed our Shallop vpon the Ice We returned to our Shallop We were vnder saile and came to an anchor againe We killed a Whale August We went to the Northwards with our Shallops We got to the shoare of Red Beach with out Shallops We walked ouer Red-beach The Kings armes are set vp at Wiches Sound We passed ouer Wiches Sound We found Beach Finâ— We met with the Hartsease Shallop Note The end of Sir Thomas Smiths Inlet discouered We returned towards our Ship A storme began when we were amongst Ice We get forth of the Ice We came aboord our ship The Holland Discouerers go homewards Our Ship went forth to Sea We met with Ice eight leagues from the Shore We plyed off and on the Ice two dayes Wee anchored againe in the North Harbor I went to the Eastwards in a shallop Ice was newly frozen in Red-cliffe Sound I intended to go once to Point Desire A great snow began I could not passe for Ice The originall cause of Ice at Sea I went backe againe to Red-beach I returned towards our ship Point Welcome The Kings Armes are set vp againe at Point Welcome I went into Red cliffe Sound Point Deceit I came aboord our ship A Whale lay sunken fourteene dayes The Hartseasâ— anchored by vs. Warme weather in the end of August We set sayle to the Eastward The Thomasinâ— returnes for England We stood to the westwards Wee met with Ice We left the Ice and came for England A storme beganne A Corpo Santo It is often seen at the end of stormes Hackluyts Headland Perill and escape Note Errour of Grouland Fogges High Hill Drift wood Note Sir T. Smiths Iland Mount Hackluyt Hudsons Hold-with-hope questioned as before also Ships of the King of Denmarke Terrible Disaster Flemmings Peter Goodford drowned Cold and heate strangely variable Tobacco lighted by the Sun at midnight Gods mercy to England whiles warres haue infested thâ— rest of the World A. Thuan-bister l. 135. Iam. 3. Exod. 1. Al. Gwagninâ— descript Mosc George brother to the Emperor done to death Hee addes principal Nobles here omitted * 700. women at one time 378. prisoners at another 500. Matrons and Virgins of noble bloud exposed to be rauished by the Tartars in his sight at another time c. * A Secretarie cutting off his priuities he died presently which the Emperour construing to be done purposely caused him there instantly to eate whâ—t he had cut off * Or Theodor Sir Ierom Horsey The death of Iuan Vasiliwich 1584. April 18. Lord Boris adopted as the Emperors third sonne The day of Pheodor his coronation Iohn de Wale Chare Sibersky Prince of Siberia taken prisoner brought to Mosco Sophet Keri Alli King of the Crims arriuall at Mosco The new Emperor Pheodore Iuanowich his Lâ—tters and Requests to the Queene Master Horseys voyage from Mosco to England ouer land 1586. Thuan. hist. lib. 120. Diuorce vrged D. Fl. S.I.H. Boris his plot Thuan. hist. lib. 135. sec. Demetrius slain some tell that one pretended his colâ—er stood awry in mending it cut his throate * It was in the Northern parts at Duglets * Some write that he caused diuers places in Mosco to be fiâ—red and then afterwards out of his owne cost repaired them D. Flet. Death of Theodore The Empresse succeedeth Russians vse of fortie dayes mourning for an Emperours death The Queene turneth Nun. Boris his willing vnwillingnesse Boris his speech Boris Emperor His Wife Son Daughter Tartars Russian New yeere Boris crowned His policies P. Basman * Where the censorious bitternesse also seemeth too much to insult on Bâ—ris his dâ—sasters Tedious Title Strange request His audience P. Basman Emperours glorie Princes splendour Pollaxes Counsell and Nobilitie Plate Dining roomâ— Change of Rayment Two hundred Nobles guests Three hundred noble Seruitors Garlike and Onions Drinkes Meads Memory of Q. Elizabeth Gifts Newes of Demetrius Princes pomp Peter Basman Oucsinia the Princesse Second audience Citizens Souldiers Golden Seale Great dinner Ambassadors departure Sled-passage Emperor Boriâ— his death New christened Emperors person His respect to his sonne * Because he had done more for him then might lawfully be commanded
gouernment shall I say or confusion Neither were Hydras heads monstrously multiplying two for each cut off like this for besides so many Wor's after the first and second Demetrius which might make vp that comparison each limbe nay almost each haire of this Hydra not the Nobles alone but the basest which had nothing but themselues and were nothing but Numbers became so many prodigious Heads they also like Pharaohs leane kine deuouring the fat and vpon light pretences beheading themselues in cutting off the heads and nobler Persons amongst them When they had thus made away almost all the Grandes and left the South parts to the spoile of the Poles which once againe were drawing neere to Mosco to besiege it the Poles also suffered some disaster their Souldiers mutinying for want of pay and banding themselues to returne into Poland there inuaded the Mints and Custome-houses and some gouernments detayning them for their pay sending also threatning Letters to diuers Cities and Townes forced diuers Nobles and Plebeians to composition The Turkes and Tartars brake likewise into Walachia Moldauia and Polonia so that Zolkiewsky or Sulcosky the Generall was forced to goe against them of whom he made so great a slaughter that the Great Turke committed the Polake Embassadour at Constantinople to Ward and threatned the Poles with inuasion These mutinous Souldiers continued meane while that and the next yeere to spoile Poland doing much damage to the King and the Bishops challenging many millions due as they said for pay Yea they passed further into Prussia and made spoile in euery place on the eight of Nouember 1613. passing with a great prey to Thorn being parted into three Bands the Sapians the Sborouians and Smolenskians Another companie of them terrified Silesia The Tartars likewise made impression and committed great spoile in Podolia Thus an Armie diuided could not conquer nor so vtterly exterminate Russia as otherwise opportunity was offered the Pole Souldiers being herein like angry Elephants which sometime recoyle vpon their owne troupes and doe more spoyle then the enemy could either haue effected or expected But whiles the Inuaders were thus inuaded the Russes were forward to worke those executions on themselues which their enemies could haue wished to them till at last awakened with the horrour of their owne euils some began to thinke of a better course In the North about the Dwina a bold fellow a Butcher rayling at the Nobilities basenesse and the Officers corruptions said if they would choose a good Treasurer and pay Souldiers well they might haue those which would fight and expell the Poles their Enemies prouided that they would first choose a worthy Generall for which place he recommended to them a poore maymed Gentleman called Pozarsky who had done good seruice but being neglected now had retyred himselfe not farre off The multitude approued the Butchers counsell and chose Pozarsky for their Leader and that Butcher for a Treasurer deliuering into his hands what money they had which he so faithfully disbursed Pozarsky also discharging so well the trust reposed that a great Army was gathered and the siege of Musco thereby raysed And joyning with Knes Demetry Mastroukswich a kind of Tartar which commanded an Army of Cossaks in seruice of the Russe they â—ell in consultation with Boris Liciu the third Great Souldier of that Countrey vpon choice of an Emperour Their mindes herein disagreeing some naming one some another some named Mastroukswich himselfe other for further securitie against the Poles and to recompence the sufferings and imprisonment of the Russian Chancellor in Poland named his young Sonne Micallowich vnder whose Empire hauing a good Councell appointed they might liue happily This was first approued by the Cossaks and then by the other Armies the Butcher also was taken to become a Counsellor and those three Leaders aforesaid were made Militarie Commanders for the present Emperour against the Poles Embassadours also were sent to diuers Princes to mediate betwixt them and the Pole and betwixt them and the Sweden and by his Majestie of Great Brittaine whom God long preserue to reigne ouer vs his countenance and intercession there hath beene some agreement and the young Emperour hath setled his Dommâ—ons in peace making at last a truce for fourteene yeeres with the Poles obtayning also in that Treatie his Father the Chancellour his libertie and returne out of Poland who since is consecrated Patriarke of Russia His Embassadour to the Emperour came to Lintz in December 1613. and thence was conueighed by the Emperours Officers to the Court where hee had solemne audience where after rich presents of Furres and his Letters he deliuered his speech that Michael Phedorowich was now by vnanimous consent aduanced to the Russian Empire and willing to entertayne and continue the ancient confederacie betwixt both Empires desiring the Imperiall Majestie to dehort the Pole from his vniust attempts to deliuer the Russe Captiues and not againe to infest the recouered Musco but to enter into peace and abstayne from Christian bloudshed Likewise to send an Embassadour to his Court c. This mediation Caesar promised and gaue the Embassadour liberall entertainment and gentle dispatch Not long after in May 1614. the Russian Embassadour had audience with the States of the Vnited Prouinces at Hage and before that in England I was present both at his arriuall at Grauesend and his honourable entertaynment into London and saw him also presently after the running at Tilt and White-hall the foure and twentieth of March admitted to his Maiesties presence performing that Russian Rite of bowing with his face downe to or neere the ground c. Anno 1615. The Turkish Embassador treated with the Caesarean Majestie about the mediation betwixt the Pole and the Muscouite who employed to that purpose Erasmus Heidel and the Baron of Dohn The Pole notwithstanding sent an Army in his Sonnes challenge who was shortly to follow to Smolensko into Muscouia Pontus Tellagard the Sweden Commander infesting also the Russians at the same time But the next yeere 1616. Sir Iohn Merike Knight a man of great experience in those Northerne parts was employed his Majesties Embassadour to negotiate betwixt those two Great Princes the Moscouite and the Sweden the Articles of whose composition I obtayned by the mediation of Sir Thomas Smith my ancient Benefactor in this kind and haue here communicated to thee but in another Chapiter as being now past our Tragicke Thunders as also the following Russe-China Newes that you may see not only the face of Russia washed from her bloudy pollutions but her hands further then euer extended fortunate in treaty of Commerce as far as China likewise the Russe Patent to the English Sweet is the name of Peace and the thing it selfe a Heauen vpon Earth BLESSED ARE THE PEACEMAKERS His Maiesties word else-where here his deed for they shall be called said the only begotten Son the Children of God euen the God of peace will