instead of redressing their Injuries they have increased them About three years since they concluded a Treaty with the English and having ingaged that better order should for the future be observed they have since heaped new Injuries to the utter over-throw of all the Trade of His Majesties Subjects in the East and West-Indies Witness our Ships the Hope-well the Leopard and some others in the East-Indies And the Charles the James the Mary the Sampson the Hopefull Aduenture the Speed-well on the Coast of Africa And after all these Acts of the Highest Injustice and their utmost endeavours for driving on a War they would make the world believe that his Majesty is the first undertaker of it who from his own Mouth to their Ambassadour in England and by his Injunctions to Sir George Downing his Minister at the Hague hath given so many and such Remarkable Demonstrations to the contrary What can they say to the Memorial of the complaints which Sir George Downing exhibited to the States General importing that in the space of a very few years almost twenty English Ships with their whole Lading to a very great value have been seized upon in a horrible manner and the Men in them most Barbarously and most Inhumanely Treated being put into stinking and nasty Dungeons and Holes at Castel del Mina where they did lye bedded and bathed in their own Excrements having nothing but bread and water given them and not enough of that neither to sustain Nature their Bodies being under the Fury of Exquisite and Horrid Torments and when any of them died the living and the dead were left together and such as out-lived that cruelty were exposed in the woods to famine or to the mercy of wild beasts in those desolate Countries or to be carried into Captivity by the Natives by which means several Hundreds of His Majesties Good Subjects have perished and been destroyed And unto this hour notwithstanding all sollicitations and endeavous of his Majesties Envoy not one penny of Satisfaction can be had either for the loss of the Ships or the Persons concerned in any of them but to the contrary they have ever since hindred and shot at the English Ships that have Anchored by them and have took by force all the Boats of those Natives who have endeavoured to come aboard them and have seized also upon the English Boats that would go on shore and deprive them of all manner of Provision nor suffer so much as fresh water to be brought unto them And to give a further proof of their Confidence and Ambition they have published a Declaration wherein they assume and challenge to themselves a Right to that whole Coast to the Exclusion of all other Nations Although by Order from His Majesty Sir George Downing both in Publick Conferences with the Deputies of the Lords General as also with those of Holland in particular hath at large Remonstrated His Majesties Right and Interest in some part therein having by his Subjects bought the Ground of the King of that Country for a valuable Consideration and built a Factory thereon And yet for all this some of the Dutch-West-India Company by Fraud and ireachery have got into the place and no hopes of the Restitution of it but they are resolved to keep by violence what they have gained by deceit Moreover what can they say for themselves concerning their stirring up the King of Fantin by rewards and sums of Money and supplying him with all manner of Arms and Ammunition for the surprizing of his Majesties Castle at Cormantin in the West-Indies so that an absolute Necessity is imposed upon his Majesty and his Subjects either of losing all that have been actually taken from them and abandoning for ever that Trade it self or of betaking themselves to some other wayes for their Relief And what Hope is there of their Restoring back any place which they have once taken The Island of Polleroon hath been upon surrendring back to the English ever since the year 1622. at which by a Solemn and Particular Treaty it was promised to be done and again by another Treaty in the year 1654. and by an Order of the States General and the East Company of that Nation in the year 1661. and again by another Treaty in the year following And yet to this day there is not the least mention of any thing Restored And should any Man then think it strange that His Majesty after so long an experience of the perversness and deceitfulness of that Nation should suffer his Subjects to repossess themselves of those places which by the hand of Violence and Oppression they have forced from them Now as for the business of the New-Neatherlands as they are pleased to call it It hath been abundantly else-where prov'd that the said Land is part of the Possession of His Majesties Subjects of New England which their Charter plainly and precisely expresseth And those few Dutch that have lived there heretofore have lived there meerly upon the connivence and sufferance of the English which hath been permitted to them so to do so long as they demeaned themselves peaceably and quietly but the Dutch not contenting themselves therewith have incroached more and more upon the English imposing their Laws and Customs and endeavouring to raise Contributions and Excises on them and in those places where the Dutch had never been whereupon they have been necessitated several times to send Souldiers for the repulsing of them Since the Conclusion for the late Treaty the Dutch have made new Incursions upon the English and given them many new Provocations and have ordained a Tryal of Causes amongst themselves and a proceeding by course of Arms without any appealing into Europe at all And can any Prince then think it strange especially the King of France if His Majesty of England suffer his Subjects to rescue themselves from such continual Vexations seeing the King of France himself hath been pleased this year to Order his Subjects to re-possess themselves by force of Arms of a certain place called Cayen which the French alledge hath been wrongfully kept from them by the West-India Company of the Neatherlanders As for the business of Captain Holmes at Capo Verde in Guiney a complaint was no sooner made to His Majesty this last year in the Moneth of June But His Majesty immediately returned Answer that he had given no Order nor Direction there into Captain Holmes and that upon his Return he would examine the business and see that Right should be done according to the nature of the Offence In order whereunto when Captain Holmes was returned His Majesty sent him to the Tower and being afterwards allowed the liberty of some few dayes to follow his particular business he was again Commanded back where being strictly and throughly Examined touching the management of the whole matter complained of he so fully and so clearly upon every point did acquit himself that His Maâ—esty was graciously pleased to grant him his
HIS Majesties Propriety AND DOMINION ON THE Brittish Seas ASSERTED Together with a true Account of the Neatherlanders Insupportable Insolencies and Injuries they have committed and the Inestimable Benefits they have gained in their Fishing on the English Seas As also their Prodigious and Horrid Cruelties in the East and West-Indies and other Places To which is added an Exact Mapp containing the Isles of Great Brittain and Ireland with the several Coastings and the Adjacent Parts of our Neighbours By an Experienced Hand London Printed by T. Mabb for Andrew Kembe near S t. Margarets-Hill in Southwark and Edward Thomas at the Adam and Eve in Little Brittain and Robert Clavet at the Staggs-Head in Ivy-Lane 1665. To the Most Illustrious and Heroical George Duke of Aubemarle Earle of Torrington Baron Monck of Potheridge Beauchamp and Teys Captain General of His Majesties Land-Forces Garrisons Forts and Castlos within any of His Majesties Dominions Master of the Horse Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter And one of His Majesties Most Honourable Privy Council May it please Your Highness THese Papers concerning His Majesties Right and Propriety to His Dominion on the Brittish seas do here most Humbly Addresse Themselves to Your Highness Most Illustrious Hand and Submit Themselves as much to the Affability of Your Candour as they implore the Greatnesse of Your protection to which they are Encouraged both by Reason and Religion for Your Highness being the Great Instrument which all along attended the Divine Providence in Restoring His Majesty to His Own both by Sea and Land and in Establishing Religion as well as Loyalty The same Reason doth perswade me that these Assertions may be Acceptable to You and that your Highness will vouch-safe Your Patronage to that Subject which you so Happily and Heroically have Effected and for which all Ages shall Renown your Memory May it please Your Highness The Profits which the Dutch have made by their Fishing on the English Seas are as vast as their Ingratitude is abominable which with an Elaborate Malice they have Expressed by their manifold out-rages committed in the East and West-Indies where that no Villany may be unpractised to Improve their Interests they have added Hypocrisie to their Avarice and to their Ambition Murder The Innocent Blood which they have spilt doth cry aloud for Vengeance Nor can the guilt of it fall asleep but will be lodged in the Memories of Righteous Men and kept awake by the Industry of faithfull Historians and by this Ruder Pen of him who is May it please Your Highness Your Most Humble and most devoted Servant Robert Codrington THE PREFACE TO THE Reader THe Combinations and Endeavours of the States General of the United Provinces against His Majesty and this Nation have been so insupportably Insolent that the Parliament not long since upon the Cry of the whole Nation did sollicite him to take some extraordinary way to give Redress unto his Subjects for the many and daily Injuries they sustained from them by their Depredations at Sea for the Horrid and Barbarous Cruelties inflicted on them in the East and West-Indies which being as odious in their Nature as they are remarkable in their Number have been the onely Cause that these pains are taken to give a general satisfaction to the World by exhibiting this Brief but most true Account of His Majesties Undoubted Right and sole Propriety in the English Scottish and the Irish Seas A truth as Antient as it is Eminent and not only held forth and attested by the Laws of our Land and the Records of the Tower and the High Courts of Parliament but heretofore confessed also by divers of their own Nation as in this Book you shall find it faithfully represented to you But it hath been the late practise of the Hollanders without examining the Lawfulness of the Act to put their Oares into every Boat where Gain and Profit doth appear It was this that tempted them to invade the Islands of Moluccos Lantore and Polleroon which in the Name of the Crown of England the English for some years had possessed neither did they entertain the least jealousie of opposition from the Hollanders who they knew heretofore had been oblidged to them for many antient good Offices in a time when their greatest safety did depend upon them and who lately were conjoyned with them in a strict Alliance and Confederacy for Partnership in the East-Indie-Trade in the year 1619. Neither did they fear the Natives whom they found to express a greater Inclination of good will unto them then to the Hollanders for the English aimed at nothing more then a lawful and competent profit by Commerce and Traffick with the Natives and the Dutch And though in some places the English had erected some Forts and setled some Strength yet it was not by any Force or Violence nor against the good will of the People of the Country but with their own good liking and consent for the better security of their Trade and upon the voluntary submission of the Natives to the Obedience and Soveraignty of the Crown of England in which submission the Antient Laws and Liberties of the said Natives and all their own Immunities were comprehended and reserved In this Establishment the English did conceive themselves to be secure enough when behold the Dutch who would be no better Neighbours to us in the Indies then in Europe began to quarrel with us and to hinder us in our Trade to free Places the which the better to obtain they oftentimes seized upon our Ships and Goods and finding this violence not to Answer their Expectation they at the last contrived to make themselves the absolute Masters of the vast profits of those Places In the pursuit whereof they have razed and demolished the English Forts and laying violent hands on the English themselves who made not the least Resistance they have tyed them to stakes with Ropes about their Necks they have seized upon their Goods they have Imprisoned their Persons they have Whipped them at the Post in the open Market Place and having washed their torn and wounded Bodies with Vinegar and Salt they have again doubled their scourges to multiply their Torments they have dragged them from thence to places almost inaccessible by reason of their steepness and roughness and having thrown them down the Rocks if any Sence of life remained they have added new oppression to their weary and bruised limbs by the heavy weights of Iron To these deliberate Torments the cruelties of other Nations are but Courtesies and Death it self a Mercy And as if they were the absolute Lords in the Indies they have assumed a Power to themselves in the deciding of the controversies between the English and the Indians for matters passed quite out of their jurisdiction and when Law and Right have pleaded against them they have Executed their Decrees by violence These be they who have laid a claim to His Maiesties Interests on his own
have the main of what passed in those days in this particular with their insolent demeanour lively described in these following Collections taken out of several Dispatches that passed betwixt Secretarie Naunton and Sir Dudly Carlton Lord Ambassadour from the King to the States of the United Provinces In a Letter of Secretarie Naunton's to the said Ambassadour dated at Whitehall the 21. of December 1618. I finde these passages I Must now let your Lordship know that the States Commissioners and Deputies both having attended His Majesty at New-Market and there presented their Letters of Credence returned to London on Saturday was a seven-night and upon Tuesday had Audience in the Council-Chamber where being required to communicate the points of their Commission they delivered their meditated Answer at length The Lords upon perusal of it appointed my Lord Bining and me to attend His Majesty for directions what Reply to return to this Answer of theirs which I represented to their Lordships yesterday to this effect That his Majesty found it strange that they having been so often required by your Lordship His Majesties Ambassadour as from himself in their publique Assembly to send over Commissioners fully Authorized to Treat and Conclude not onely of all differences grown between the Subjects of both States touching the Trade to the East-Indies and the Whale-Fishing and to Regulate and settle a Joynt and an even Traffick in those Quarters but withal to take order for a more indifferent course of determining other Questions growing between our Merchants and them about their Draperies and the Tare And more especially to determine his Majesties Right for the sole Fishing upon all the Coasts of his Three Kingdoms into which they had of late times incroached farther then of Right they could And lastly for the reglement and reducing of their Coyns to such a proportion and correspondence with those of his Majesties and other States that their Subjects might make no Advantage to transport our Monies by inhansing their valuation there All which they confessed your Lordship had instanced them for in his Majesties Name that after all this attent on his Majesties part and so long deliberation on theirs they were come at last with a Proposition to speak only to the two first points and instructed thereunto with bare Letters of Credance only which His Majesty takes for an Imperious fashion of proceeding in them as if they were come hither to Treat of what themselves pleased and to give Law to His Majesty in his own Kingdom and to propose and admit of nothing but what should tend meerly to their own ends To the second Whereas they would decline all debate of the Fishings upon His Majesties Coasts first by Allegations of their late great Losses and an Esmeute of their people who are all interessed in that Question and would be like to break out into some combustion to the hazard of their State which hath lately scaped Naufrage and is not yet altogether calmed What is this put to raise an advantage to themselves out of their disadvantage But afterwards they professe their lothnesse to call it in doubt or Question claiming an immemorial possession seconded by the Law of Nations To which His Majesty will have them told that the Kings of Spain have sought leave to Fish there by Treaty from this Crown and that the King of France a nearer Neighbour to our Coast then they to this day requests leave for a few Vessels to Fish for Provision of his own houshold And that it appears so much the more strange to His Majesty that they being a State of so late date should be the first that would presume to question His Majesties Antient Right so many hundred yeers inviolably possessed by His Progenitors and acknowledged by all other Antient States and Princes That themselves in theit publick Letters of the last of Iune sent by your Lordship seemed then to confirm their immemorial possession as they term it with divers Treaties as are of the year 1550. and another between His Majesties Predecessors and Charles the Fifth as Prince of those Provinces and not by the Law of Nations To which their last Plea His Majesty would have them told that he being an Islander-Prince is not ignorant of the Laws and Rights of his own Kingdoms nor doth expect to be taught the Laws of Nations by them nor their Grotius whose ill thriving might rather teach others to disavow his Positions and his honesty called in question by themselves might render his Learning as much suspected to them as his Person This His Majesty takes for an high point of his Soveraignty and will not have it slighted over in any fashion whatsoever Thus I have particulated unto you the manner of our proceeding with them Let them advise to seek leave from His Majesty and to acknowledge Him His Right as other Princes have done and do or it may well come to passe that they that will needs bear all the World before them by their Mare Liberum may soon come to have neither Terram Solum nor Rempublicam liberam And in a Letter of the said Lord Ambassadour Carlton to Secretary Naunton of the 30. of December 1618. from the Hague we finde this Return touching the business of Fishery WHether the final resolution here will be according to His Majesties desire in that point concerning the Fishing upon the Coasts of His Three Kingdomes I cannot say And by somewhat which fell from the Prince of Orange by way of Discourse when he took leave of me on Monday last at his Departure I suspect it will not in regard the Magistrates of these Towns of Holland being newly placed and yet scarce fast in their Seats who do Authorize the Deputies which come hither to the Assembly of the States in all things they are to Treat and Resolve will not Adventure for fear of the people to determine of a Business on which the livelihood of Fifty Thousand of the Inhabitants of this one single Province doth depend I told the Prince that howsoever His Majesty both in Honour of His Crown and Person and Interest of his Kingdoms neither could nor would any longer desist from having His Right acknowledged by this State as well as by All other Princes and Common-wealths especially finding the same openly oppugned both by their Statesmen and men of War as the Writings of Grotius and the taking of John Brown the last year may testifie yet this acknowledgment of a Right and a Due was no exclusion of Grace and Favour and that the people of this Country paying that small Tribute upon every one of their Busses which is not so much as disputed by any other Nation whatsoever such was His Majesties well-wishing to this State that I presumed of his permission to suffer them to continue their course of Fishing which they might use thereby with more Freedom and less apprehension of molestation and let then before and likewise spare the Cost of some
is the Title of Successive Inheritance confirmed as well by the Law of Nature as of Nations and is so much the more considerable in regard of the infinite Advantages of the profits of it as the Brittish Ocean in its Latitude and Circumference exceedeth the small Boundaries of the Gulph of Venice But in this great Disputation where were present the most Remarkable Wits of Italy and Germany and where the Imperialists themselves and amongst them one of the most Eminent Stephen Baron of Gourz Attested openly that the Common-Wealth of Venice was Patron of the Adriatitk Sea and might impose what Customs they thought fitting and that all other the Commissaries thought so in their Consciences There is enough as may be thought in Reason to convince all Opponents that may pretend to differ in Judgement from us Yet so it is that the Indulgence of the Kings of England to their Neighbouring Nations especially to the Hollanders by giving them too much liberty hath incouraged them to assume a Liberty to themselves and what at the first was but a License they improve into a Custom and make that Custom their Authority Insomuch that some of the most busiest of them have openly declared against the Kings Propriety on the Brittish Seas Amongst these is one Hugo Grotius a Gentleman of great Ingenuity but in this particular so inclined to obey the Importunities and serve the Interests of his Country-men that he disobliged himself of the Truth and moreover to speak the truth of his Conscience it self for it you look into his Silvae upon the first Inauguration of King Iames of ever Blessed Memory he is pleased to express himself in these words Tria Sceptra profundi in magnum Cojere Ducem which is that the Rights of the English Scottish and Irish Seas are united under one Scepter neither is he satisfied with this bare profession but he goes on Sume animas a Rege tuo Quis det Iura Mari which is in English Take courage from the King who giveth Law unto the Seas In the same Book in the contemplation of so great a Power he concludeth Finis hic est qui fine caret that is This is an end beyond an end a bound that knoweth no bound a bound which even the winds and the waves must submit unto But with what ingratitude have the Dutch Answered the many Royal Favours which the Kings of England have almost perpetually conferred on them If there be no Monster greater then Ingratitude what Monsters are these Men who of late are so far from acknowledging their thankfulness that like Vipers they would feed upon and consume those Bowells which did afford them Life and Spirit We may observe that in their Lowest Condition which is most sutable to the Name of their Abode called the Low Countries they Petitioned to the Majesty of the Qâ—een of England whose Royal Heart and Hand being alwayes open to those that were Distressed especially those that were her Neighbours upon the account of Religion she sent them Threescore Thousand Pound upon the account of Sir Thomas Gresham in the year One Thousand Five Hundred Seventy and Two and presently afterwards there followed Colonel Morgan Colonel Gilbert Colonel Chester to Assist them in their Wars who were the Commanders of so many Regiments of Men And after them the War increasing there were sent over Colonel North Colonel Cotton Colonel Candish and Colonel Norris and some other persons of an Eminent Name who for the Honour of the English Nation made there Excellent Demonstrations of their Valour and Redeemed the Dutch from the Power of those who otherwise would have brought them to a better understanding of their Duties Great supplyes of monies were sent over to maintain so great a charge At the last the Prince of Orange being slain presently after the Death of the Duke Alanson Brother to Henry the third of France who if the successe had Answered the Expectation was wisely enough made Duke of Brabant the Queen of England sent over unto them Robert Duke of Leicester with great provision both of Men and Money accompanied with diverse of the Nobility and Gentlemen of good account And although the said Earle not long afterwards returned into England and the affairs of the Hollanders were doubtful untill the fatal Battel at Nieuport yet Queen Elizabeth of ever Blessed Memory out of her unspeakable goodness to the distressed and to those that suffered for Religion did as long as she lived constantly Assist the Hollanders both with Men and Monies she gave them Hope in Despair she gave them strength being weak and and with the Charity of her Princely Hand did support them being fallen And although the Hollanders do ungratefully alledge that it was a Benefit great enough for the English to Assist them in reason of state because by so doing they kept out a War from their own Country It is most certain that at that time the English had need to fear no Warr at all but onely for their Cause and for taking their parts for it was for their Cause that the English in the year One Thousand Five Hundred and seventy one had seized upon the sum of Six Hundred Thousand Ducats on the West Coast of England being the money designed from Spain to the Duke of Alva for the Advancement of the Spanish Interests in the Neatherlands And although the Hollanders do further alledge in their own Excuse that they were so grateful as that they offered unto the Queen of England the Soveraignty of the Neatherlands which she would not accept and therefore it was not their fault that she obtained it not It is in reason truly answered That the Queen of England well knowing that she was in danger to draw a perpetual Warr upon her Self and her Successours by the accepting of such a Gift to which she had no Right did wisely refuse their Liberality And yet for all that she continued still to aid them without that chargeable obligation The Hollanders do further alledge that the Queen of England had the Cautionary Town of Brill Flushing and the other places delivered into her Hands It is true she had so and thereby enjoyed only the Benefit of being at more Expence both of Men and Money and let the Reader take notice that most certain it is that the Hollander had no sooner made a Truce with the King of Spain and the Arch-Duke Albertus but he began presently to set the English at nought and to take the Bridle out of their Hands whereupon immediately insued their Forbiding of the bringing of English cloaths died and dressed into Holland and the adjoyning Provinces without ever making the King of England or his Ambassadour Leiger at the Hague Privy thereunto And to make amends for this their Saucy and Insolent Affront in a more High and Peremptory way they demeaned themselves to King Iames himself for whereas the Duke of Lennox as Admiral of Scotland had by order from
the Majesty of King Iames in the year One Thousand Six Hundred and Sixteen sent one Master Brown to demand of the Hollanders then fishing upon the Coasts of Scotland a certain antient Duty called Size Herring they began to contest with him about it and after a long Disputation they payed it as in former times it had been accustomed but not without some affronting terms that it was the last time it should be payed And it is most observable that the same Gentleman coming the year following with the same Authority and Commandment with one only Ship of His Majesties to demand the Duty aforesaid And with Order if he were denyed to take witness of the refusal in writing and so peaceably depart He came aboard one of their Ships and no sooner demanded the aforesaid Duty but by the Master of the Ship he was denyed it who as plainly as peremptority told him That he was commanded by the States of Holland not to pay it unto the King of England any more of which he took witness according to his Order from His Majesty This taking of witness did so startle the Dutch that before Master Brown had got off to his own Ship the Master of another Ship of Holland came presently aboard that Ship in which he was who demanding of Master Brown his Name he replyed that his Name was Brown Why then quoth he if you be the Man I have Order to Arrest you and to carry you into Holland whereof Master Brown gave notice to the Master of the Kings Ship requiring him to advertise His Majesty of this Insolency and Master Brown was in this manner Arrested and carried away Prisoner into Holland where for a while he was detained I do read that much about the same time one Master Archibald Ranthin a Scotch Gentleman and residing at Stockholme in Sweden where he sollicited for the payment of some sums of monies due to the English Merchants there was at the same time in the same City one Vandyke who lying there as an Agent for the States of Holland said unto some Principal Persons of the Swedes that they need not be so hasty in paying any Monies to the Subjects of the King of England or to give them any high Respect because the said Kings promises were not to be believed nor his threatnings to be feared for which Vile and Insolent Speeches bring afterwards challenged by Master Archibald Ranthin he had no better Excuse then to say he was drunk when he did speak those words for deny them he could not and by this means his Excuse of playing the Beast did excuse him for playing the Man Now from these Insolent Affronts by words let us proceed and come to what they have done by deeds where in the first place we may observe their rude demeanour to our English Nation in the Northern Seas on the Coasts of Greenland and those parts about the Fishing for Whales and the Commodity of Train Oyle where violently they have offered unpardonable abuses by giving of blows and chasing the English-men away and by procuring much loss and prejudice unto them their Pride of Heart was so high that it would not give their Reason leave to apprehend that Fishing at Sea is free for every Man where it is not upon the Coast of any Country unto which the Dominion of the Sea belongeth by antient Prerogative And yet all this is but inconsiderable in regard of their usage of our Nation in the East-Indies where in open Hostility they have as fiercely set upon them as if they had been most mortal Enemies having in several Encounters slain many of our Men and sunk sundry of our Ships And when they had taken our Men Prisoners they would use them in the sight of the Indians in such a Contemptible and Disdainfull manner as if at their own Home and in the Country of the Butter-Boxes the English in respect of them were but a sordid and a slavish Nation and the Hollanders were either their Superiours and might use them at their own pleasure or the English were so spiritless or so unpowerfull that they durst not be revenged but quietly must put up all the Affronts and Injuries which they received at their Hands And as for the Commodious Trade which the English have had in Muscovy for above these fourscore years and some other Countries that lye upon the East and North which the Hollanders have now gotten quite out of their Hands to the great Grief and Prejudice of many Merchants in this City What shall we say seeing not long since they have been acting the same again with our English Merchants in Turkey And it is a practise so usual with them to spoyle the Trade of other Nations that when they cannot find any Occasion to do it they will show a Nature so wretchedly Barbarous that they will not stick to spoyle one another so great is their Covetous and most Insatiable desire of Gain And yet all this proceedeth out of an ignoble and a sordid spirit for let them arrive to what Wealth they will they can never be the Masters of a Noble and a Generous Disposition Had it not been for their Neighbouring Nation of the English they had never arrived to the liberty of a Free State yet so ungratefull have they been that they have endeavoured to forget all the Obligations of Humanity and have digged into the very Bowels of those who did preserve them Many Examples of this may be instanced I shall look a little back again on the cruelty of their proceedings in the East Indies before their studied malice at Amboyna and afterwards of their horrid Massacre at Amboyna it self As their Avarice was unsatisfied so their quarrels with the English were many Covetousness and Ambition not long enduring a Co-partner Queen Elizabeth being translated into a better World and the Hollanders to be the more ready to set the English at nought having by the Assistance of Sir Ralph Winwood got the Cautionary Towns into their own Possession they presently began to appear in their true Colours by adding Cruelty to Hypocrisie and Avarice to Insolence The English that were Trafficking in the East Indies being sensible thereof and finding no redress preferred their Just Complaints to the Majesty of King Iames on which ensued the first Treaty in the year One thousand six hundred and thirteen in the City of London and after that another Treaty in the year One thousand six hundred and fifteen at the Hague in Holland which taking up much time to little effect there was a third Treaty which was held in London in the year One thousand six hundred and nineteen touching the Differences between the English and Dutch in the East Indies in which a full and solemn Composition was made and a fair Order set as to the Management of the Affairs for the Time to come but so restless were the Spirits of the Hollanders to make themselves the entire Masters of the