we shew his Majestie of the Dutches delay on whom the Lot had falne his Majestie considering better resolved the partie should be commanded proportionally of all Nations alike and to cast Lots who should send a Captaine to command them the lot falling upon the English they command a Lievetenant that supplied the place of his Captaine in his absence the partie made ready were sent from his Majestics Ship ashoare being twelve Musketiers in every Boate with their Muskets in readinesse the enemy perceiving them coming gives a Salve of a thousand shot amongst them twice before their landing so that the halfe of them were killed yet the Lievetenant valourously led on the rest and begins the fight ashoare and continues the skirmish hot on both sides for one halfe houre till the most part of our partie were killed their powder spent and perceiving no reliefe was to come his Majestie having considered the danger the reliefe though in readinesse was stayd The Lievetenant being the last man retired with credit being thrice shot did come off and died the next night A Sergeant of Captaine Mac-Kenyee his Company called Mac-Clawde an old expert Souldier and a diligent sonne to Neale Mac-Clawde was killed and twenty-two Souldiers of the thirtie that I commanded out of our Regiment the rest being wounded for fault of Boates came swimming in their cloathes to his Majesties Ship and were taken in The partie thus lost the enemy begunne to thunder amongst our Fleete with two halfe Cartowes and six Sling-pieces where leaving our Anchors he was thought the best Master that had his Ship first under saile His Majesties Ship being the last was twice shot through and two Constables were shot in two in the waste Thus forced to retire with great losse we hold on our course towards the Isle of Feamer againe The thirteenth Observation IN time of this hot service no man could perceive any alteration in the majestie of this King his Royall face but rather seemed notwithstanding of his losse as it were triumphing over his enemies and comforting others most graciously said We ought not to be astonished when things happen unto us beyond our expectation and that which was more esteemed as a God amongst the Pagans was extraordinarily changeable sometimes taking part with one and sometimes with another In a word this Magnanimous King did abate nothing of his former courage or of his gravitie So that his very enemies if they had seene him at so neere a distance as I did they could not but have humbly reverenced his Majestie for his magnificke stature higher than any ordinary man by the head yet ashamed he was to stoope for a Cannon Bullet when they flew thickest And for the accomplishment of his vertues Nature hath given him an extraordinary rich Presence to wit a face as manly as possible may be seene worthy of a great King well mixt in complexion his eyes flaming and shining full of courage his beard browne his nose A quiline or Emperiall his voice manly winning the hearts of those that see or heare him in effect A Royall King full of assurance without any feare at all in respect of man yet full of Majestie amiable to his friends and terrible to his enemies Here then we may see that it is the LORD that Guards and keepes Kings and Princes from imminent dangers that environ them whereof Histories both ancient and moderne are full of examples of the miraculous deliverance of great personages from dangers One notable Story I will bring to confirme this divine protection in saving Titus sonne to Vespasian appointed for the ruining of Ierusalem to subdue and punish the Iewes Flavius Ioseph in his sixt booke and second Chapter of the Warres of the Iewes records of him that before the siege was layd to the Towne of minde to recognize he fell unawares amongst an Ambushcade of his enemies where then it was knowne as much as ever that it is the LORD who disposeth of the moments of warre and of the life of Kings for though Titus had no head-piece nor Corslet on his backe having not gone to fight but to recognize of an infinite number of shot shot at him none touched him though many were shot behind him those darts shot aside at him he rebated them with his sword and those shot low he made his horse skip to eschew them The Iewes perceiving his resolution made great noise exhorting one another to runne at him and to follow him where ever he went A rare example of a rare deliverance where we see that he is well guarded whom the Lord keepes Here also we may see what difference there is betwixt Commanders he in Feamer shewed himselfe no Souldier neither yet the Captaine in Aickleford but this brave follow that commanded in Keele preserved himselfe and others and that with credit where we see that where wisedome and valour doe meer oft-times the successe is answerable and a mans discretion is seene when he abides a fit occasion as this brave fellow did where I sinde alwayes that those are the best Commanders that are resolute and remisse not hunting before he sees his prey and then with advantage if he would catch Here also experience deare bought did teach us that it is better in commanding men on exployts to command them proportionally out of divers Regiments than to command them all out of one which were to undoe a Regiment and we see often that the examples of the noble carriage of Officers doe much animate and encourage their followers to well-doing and it is a comely thing for the servant of the publique to teach by example which makes his fame live after death as this worthy English Cavalier did especially being in the publique view of the King his Master his Camerades and his enemies carrying their Characters from service as the marks of his valour without fainting though wounded to death Here also our Scottish High-land-men are prayse-worthy who for lacke of Boats made use of their vertue and courage in swimming the Seas notwithstanding of their wounds with their cloathes shewing their Masters they were not the first came off but with the last following the example of their Leader they would not stay to be Prisoners as many doe at such times and never returne I did also observe after this dayes service an alteration in the common Souldiers behaviour while as before we were to send out a partie of commanded men we were troubled with the Souldiers striving who should goe out on the partie every one desiring it should be he but after this dayes smart once felt by their Camerades they learned to be more wise and to stay till they were commanded and then they obeyed though not so freely as before Here also I will entreat thee Iudicious Reader to give me leave to digresse somewhat to discourse a little of Sea-fights which occurred in the discharge of the last dutie though not properly belonging to my scope Yet in this retreat-making as we
shall we be sorry for them No we will rather rejoyce and thinke we must follow them when we have fought that good fight against our enemies we shall be crowned with them in glory and rejoyce following the Lambe where ever he goeth and till then his right hand will sustaine us as before for he is our helper and hath sworne by his right hand and the Arme of his strength that he will not forsake us till we rest with him in glory Here also we see that his Majestie having trusted our Nation more than his owne or the Dutch he doth leave them ingaged with the enemy till his Majesties retreate were made sure both first and last Where we see that friendship and true service is best tryed in extremitie for no greater testimony can be given of true service than when the servant doth endanger his own life and honour for the reliefe of his Master as that young Cavalier Captaine Mac-Kenyee did here being a generous act for the safetie of a King which ought to be recorded to vindicate his honour from oblivion whose memory merits to be rewarded that others might imitate his noble example Here also we see that sufferance in a noble manner causeth love for that young Cavalier Henry Lindesey then an Ensigne not able to helpe himselfe his Camerades loving him dearely and the more for his noble sufferance they helpt him off from the crueltie of his enemies to preserve his life for a better occasion who by Gods providence was miraculously healed having lost a great part of his shoulder a wonder in an age such wounds to be cured The twenty-one Dutie discharged at Copemanhagen where the Regiment was completed againe with the Recreut AS all things are preserved by a glorious order so his Majestie after his retreate beginneth againe to make up the body of an Armie to be setled all Winter in quarters within Denmark that against the Spring he might either beate the enemy out of Holsten or otherwise with his sword in his hand make an honourable peace after which resolution taken there was order sent to my Colonell to bring his Regiment to the fields and to reforme the weake Companies that have no Recreut brought over and to strengthen the rest of the Companies till the Regiment was made complete Sir Patrick Mac-Gey having stayd in Scotland his Company was cashier'd and Captaine Annans also in place whereof the Colonell did get from his Majestie two Companies that were sent over by Colonell Sinclaire viz. Captaine George Stewart and Captaine Francis Trafford which were both joyned to the Regiment The Lord of Fowles having leavied a Company in Scotland joyned also to the Regiment Iohn Sinclaire was made Captaine Lievetenant to the Colonels Company Lievetenant Stewart being married having stayd in Scotland with his wife his place was given to Eye Mac-Key and William Brumfield was made Ensigne to Captaine Mac-Kenyee The Lievetenant Colonell having quit the Regiment I succeeded to his place and his Lievetenant Andrew Stewart the Earle of Traquairs brother succeeded Captaine to the Company Ensigne Seaton being made Lievetenant the Captaines brother William Stewart was made Ensigne Tullough his Company was recreuted and was full by his old Officers Beaton and Iohnson Iohn Monro his Company being recreuted long David Monro was made Lievetenant and long William Stewart Ensigne Captaine Monro of Obstell his Company being complete William Carre was made Lievetenant and Hector Monro Ensigne The Regiment thus complete was mustred and received a moneths meanes together with a reckoning of their by-past rests with an assignation on his Majestie of great Britaine for the payment of the moneys The Regiment thus contented the Colonell Captaine Monro of Obstell and Captaine Mac-Key returning for Britaine the Regiment being left under my command was directed to winter Garrisons as followeth The Colonels Company commanded by Iohn Sinclaire as Captaine Iohn Ennis Lievetenant and William Mac-Kenyee Ensigne were quartered in Langland Captaine Monro of Fowles his company was sent to lie in Feamer Andrew Monro being his Lievetenant and Iohn Rhode Ensigne Captaine Monro of Obstell his company was quartered there also and the foresaid Officers Captaine Iohn Monro his company and his Officers were also quartered there Captaine Forbesse of Tullough his company and Officers were quartered in Malline in Skoneland Captaine Mac-Kenyee his company and Officers foresaid were quartered with me in Malline in Skoneland Captaine George Stewart Robert Hume Lievetenant and Iohn Sanders Ensigne were quartered in Alzenburgh Captaine Francis Trafford his company being Welsh with his Officers were quartered in a Dorpe in Skoneland Captaine Andrew Stewart his company and Officers were quartered in London in Skoneland My company which was Lermonds with the Officers did lie in Garrison in Luckstad in Holsten The Officers that were reformed went to seeke their employments viz. Captaine Sanders Hay went to Sweden and was made Major to Sir Patricke Ruthven in Spruce Patricke Dumbarre was made Captaine to a Company of Danes Souldiers There happened also a mis-fortune this Winter in Feamer where Lievetenant Andrew Monro a valourous young Gentleman was killed in Combate by a Dutch called Ranso and Lievetenant William Mac-Key succeeded in his place being made Lievetenant to Fowles when William Gunne was preferred by me as Ensigne to the Colonells Company the rest of the Garrisons lay in quiet all Winter during which time his Majesties Commissioners lay at Lubeck treating for a peace with the Emperour The twenty-one Observation IN the Firmament we see all things are preserved by a glorious order the Sunne hath his appointed circuite the Moone her constant change and every planet and Starre their proper course and place the Earth also hath her unstirred stations the Sea is confined in limits and in his ebbing and flowing dances as it were after the influence and aspect of the Moone whereby it is kept from putrefaction and by strugling with it selfe from over flowing the land So that in this world order is the life of Kingdoms Honours Artes for by the excellency of it all things florish and thrive and therefore we see that this order is requisite to be observed in nothing more than in military discipline being the life of it Regiments then maintained in good order the Army can be but well ordered and the Army well ordered the King and country cannot but stand both in peace and warre for seldome we see any goodnesse in the refusing to obey good orders And we heare ordinarily that one bad voice puts twenty out of tune and that it is the chiefe property of a good Souldier first to learne to obey well in keeping of good order and then doubtlesse in time being advanced he cannot but command well so that here in ordering of this as in all things we see vicissitudes and alterations some Regiments made up and continue in florishing order other Regiments reduced taking an end as occasion and accidents of warre doe happen Spynies Regiment was reduced and my
The Enemy being gone wee preserved the rest of the Towne in quenshing the fire Here also wee may see the benefit we reape when Frontier Garrisons are well beset if the Enemy fall into our Land as wee are able to affront him in his comming so in his going taking alwayes Prisoners of him and this is the right use of Strengths that when wee suffer losses in the Fields wee have time to draw breath againe our Garrisons being well beset as was seene in the Peace made betweene the King of Denmarke and the Emperour For if his Majesty of Denmarke had not built Luckstad on the Elve hee had hardly recovered Holsten againe even so this Garrison being set here gave time by the holding up of the Enemy to his Majesties Forces that were come from Statin to bee before the enemy at Colberge for if they had fought better I had observed the more The third Dutie discharged of our March to Prymhaussen neere Stargard and from thence to Statin BEeing recalled from Shevelben wee joyned with the Felt-Marshall Horne at Griffinberg taking our march towards Prymhaussen a great Dorpe neere Stargard his Majesty being then at Colnoe drawing his Forces together hee intended to try the Enemy before Winter having met with the most part of his Forces at Prymhaussen the word was spred his Majesty had dealt out winter Quarters to move the enemie to doe the like that they drawing to Quarters his Majesties Armie being together they might take advantage of the Enemy being setled in their Quarters Wee having stayed with the Felt-Marshall till the Colonell went for Scotland accompanied with Major Monro Captaine Francis Sinclaire Master Hugh Mowat and Lieutenant Barrie they being gone his Majesty commanded I should march to Statin and joyne with the Regiment and to receive Orders from Generall Major Lesley beeing Commandant for the time where by the way at Colnoe I did speake with his Majesty who told mee hee was to preferre Captaine Bullion being one of my Captaines then to be Generall quarter Master to Horse As also shewed to me that hee had imployed my Colonell for new leavies and therefore he had recalled mee to remaine with the Regiment in his absence recommending unto me diligence in keeping good Discipline and in defending of the Postes which should bee intrusted to our watching seeing wee were to watch on Here Tyvell his Poste Thus his Majesties admonitions received I was dismissed to continue our march to Statin where wee being no sooner arrived but Generall Major Lesly appointed me my Quarters and Poste to watch at The next day his Majesty directed Captaine Dumaine to mee with an Order under his Majesties Hand and Seale to place him Captaine over Bullion's Company The Order I reverently received and appointed the Cavaliere the next day in the afternoone to come to mee seeing the next morning I was to ride to his Majesty being loath his Majesty should diminish my priviledge having the freedome by his Majesties capitulation to place the Officers of the Regiment as they were vacant and not his Majesty having once disposed of that priviledge Being come to Colnoe I moved Sir Iohn Hepburne to accompany me towards his Majesty to assist me his Majesty asked whether I had placed the Captaine or not I answered that finding it prejudiciall to his Majesties service I had resolved to acquâ—int his Majesty first therewith seeing the Cavaliere though otherwise sufficient hee lacked Language to command the Company being Dutch his Majesty replyed hee would soone learne so much Dutch as to coÌ„mand a Company and thus sayd his Majesty asked on whom would I bestow the Company I answered to a Cavaliere that deserved well of his Majesty called David Monro then my Lieutenant his Majesty turning to Generall Bannere replyed disdainfully what shall I thinke Hee would place his own Cozen and not obey my Orders whereupon I returned to place Captaine Dumaine in obedience to his Majesties will for that time Major Iohn Monre gone for Britaine with his Colonell disposed his Company to his Lieutenant William Stewart who was younger Lieutenant then David Monre yet once comming before him hee was still elder Captaine and consequently neerest preferment under that Regiment through this change onely Likewise by the death of Major Synnot at Statin Captaine Iohn Sinclaire being a worthy Cavaliere was preferred to bee Sergeant Major and Synnots Company was put by the Lieutenant and disposed to Captaine Semple In like manner Lieutenant Pringle dying at Statin Henry Lindesey was advanced to be his brothers Lieutenant During this Harvest 1630. the Pest raged so at Statin that divers brave Souldiers of the Regiment were buried there Neverthelesse a great deale fewer dyed of them then eyther of Dutch or Swedens which was seene on our march towards Brandenburg being stronger then other Regiments that at their landing were twice stronger then wee for no extremity of Hunger Pestilence or Sword could ever make one of them runne away from their Colours The Colonell being gone for Leavies ingaged my brother Obstell to bring over a Regiment of Foot for his Majesties service Major Iohn Monre being preferred to bee his Lieutenant-Colonell and Captaine Ennis his Major being gone for Scotland after the in-taking of Brandenburg The Colonell gave another Commission for a Regiment of English to Sir Thomas Conoway to whom Captaine George Stewart a brave and a valorous Gentleman was preferred to bee Lieutenant-Colonell and Captaine Mon-gorge Major but the misfortune happened that in their over-going both the Colonell and Lieutenant-Colonell were cast away being drowned on the Coast of Denmark and afterwards the Regiment having three lost Companies by Sea the overplus were commanded for a time by the Major which afterwards were disposed by his Majesty to Sir Iohn Cassels to bee made up againe to a Regiment At this time Colonell Lumsell having brought over also a Regiment of Scots Captaine Robert Stewart came over his Lieutenant Colonell having served at first as Ensigne and Lieutenant to Captaine Macken-nyee under this Regiment and there after came againe unto Spruce Captaine under Sir Iohn Hamiltons Regiment in May 1629. And was preferred after the In-taking of Virtzberg having beene before at the Battaile of Lipsigh during this time wee lay at Statin his Majesty did take in both Garts and Griffen-hagan and after retyring to Statin did prepare for his march towards new Brandenburg The third Observation AS Vicissitude maintaines the world so all temporall things here below are subject to Changes and alterations for the world it selfe was never wholly under one long and in Commandment changes are most frequent being caused through the manifold accidents occuring in Warres as by the frequency of our mortalities in the profession of Armes And also by the severall intentions of men according to their capacities and severall wits which tending some times to good sometimes to evill and oft to nothing or to worse Likewise by example here wee see inferiours must yeeld to their betters in some
have brought himselfe and others to the slaughter for he who delayes to embrace time when it is offered must not presse to recover it and oft-times good occasions in warfare are lost when Commanders are ignorant of their enemies doings Therefore while time is we ought to be diligent and carefull for it is better to be in safetie through preventing than basely to suffer under our enemies occasion being past which oft-times in warres helpes more than vertue it selfe for if Kniphowsen had embraced Tillies offer when he might our worthy Camerades had not suffered as they did which sufferance after that made Cavaliers being freed out of prison to seeke Conditions else-where for their advancements such as Captaine Enuis being first made Major to Colonell Monro of Obstell was afterward Lievetenant Colonell to the Master of Forbesse after the death of that worthy Cavalier Sir Arthur Forbesse Likewise Captaine William Gunne being come out of prison was after advanced by Sir Patrick Ruthven Generall Major and Governour of Olâ—â— to be his Lievetenant Colonell over the Dutch in Schwabeland Captaine Beaton was made Major and afterward Lievetenant Colonell to young Colonell Skeutte Captaine Lermond also was advanced to be Captaine of Dragoniers and Iames Lyel having served long under Sir Iohn Ruthven his Regiment the Regiment reduced and the Captaine leavying againe for the French service was pittifully murthered by knaves in Westphalia Henry Lindesey advanced to be Captaine of his Majesties Leeffe Regiment under Grave Neles after for reward of his vertue and valour was preferred to be Lievetenant Colonell to Colonell Alexander Lesly the younger Captaine Brumfield was made Major to Colonell Gunne and after that Regiment was reduced being under Sir Iohn Ruthven was pittifully hurt in Combate and then resolutely died of his wounds at Buckstechood being much lamented by all that knew him for as valourous and expert an Officer as any of his qualitie was under our Armie so that we see here that though the Regiment suffered great losse at Brandenburg neverthelesse the valiant Officers were advanced according to their former good carriage Likewise I cannot with silence here passe by the valourous carriage of Major Iohn Sinclaire at Trepto in making a faire shew of a bad game while as the enemy came before Trepto with a partie of a thousand Musketiers he not having a hundred Musketiers within the Towne in all neverthelesse fell out with fiftie amongst a thousand and skirmished bravely and orderly with the enemy and retired againe with credit making the enemy thinke that he was a great deale stronger within walles I confesse as it was well ventured so the Cavalier was beholden to Fortune in coming so safely backe But I will not advise my friend to make use of the like for if the enemy had haply got a prisoner of his who could have shewed his true strength that might have caused the losse of all But the Cavalier did hazard faire to gaine credit for as he was valourous in Conduct and amongst others even so being fingled out he feared no man as you shall see in the subsequent observations before we end our march Here also I did observe the difference betwixt the King our Master and old Tilly where I did see his Majesty though younger out-shoote the elder in experience who by winning of a Dorpe which was afterwards slighted with the losse of two thousand men over and above the toyle sustained by his Army and the losse of some cannon he lost Francford on the Oder where three thousand were put to the sword in requitall of his cruelty used at Brandenburg The seventh Dutie discharged of our march to Swede and of our reformation there being made into Briggades Tillies Army being marched backe to Rapine the Felt-marshall with his Army did breake up from Freedland with Horse Foote and Artillery towards Swede to joyne with his Majesty continuing our march for three dayes to the passe at Lecknetts where we rested two dayes sundry Officers having taken Forloffes of his Excellence to goe unto Statine to provide themselves of cloaths and necessaries expecting for a long march where I went also to see my wife and Family and having stayed but one night our march continued so farre in prosecuting our victories that the enemy coming betwixt me and home I was not suffered in three yeares time to returne so long as his Majesty lived which was much to my prejudice Being arrived at Swede on the Oder and joyned with his Majesties Army after our coming being drawne out to the fields we were made into Briggades both horse and foote where Sr. Iohn Hepburne being made Colonell of the Briggad his Regiment Colonell Lumsdells Stargates and ours made up the Briggad where Lumsdell I had the Battaile Colonell Hepburne his Regiment made up the right wing and Colonell Stargates the left which on our march was changed by turnes and thereafter was still called the Scots Briggad commanded by Hepburne Sundry other Briggads were made up as the yellow or leeffe Briggad commanded by the Baron Tyvell the blew Briggad commanded by Colonell Winckle and the white Briggad called Dametts where having lien some few dayes we were preparing for our march towards Francford on the Oder The seventh Observation GEnerall Tilly was no sooner marched with his Army but incontinent the Felt-marshall did follow his example to joyne with his Majesty Where we may see that these two wise Generalls did soare in the skies with their Armies casting boards like warre ships to get advantage one of another We see here that Cavaliers though tied by Gods ordinance to live with their wives being once severed and tied to serve they cannot with credit quit their charge to come to their wives The King himselfe being once engaged in the Dutch warres was deprived for two yeares from the sweete society of his Queene which should teach women and men of meaner quality after their examples to be patient in absence for more love was never betwixt two than was betwixt his Majesty and his Queene no love could goe beyond their love each to others except the love of Christ God and man towards man For the love of this Queene to her husband the King did equall the love of the wife of Hieron whom we read of in Plutarch his Apophthegmes for her rare continence and respect carried to her husband shee never felt the breath of anothers kisse but her husbands Which in my opinion this Queene of Sweden could well for her love to her husband have done if it were possible as is reported by Plinius of Arria wife to Cecinna Paetus who being condemned to die with liberty to choose the forme of his death his wife going to visit him did exhort him to die valiantly with great courage and taking good night of her husband she strucke herselfe with a knife in the body and drawing out the knife againe presented it to Paetus her husband with these words Valnus quod seci Paete non
though expert in military vertue he resolved to weary the enemy having a strong and mightie Armie to be entertained with all sort of provision which must needs be brought from a farre out of Bavaria upon the Axell or Waggons being a labour of infinit paine and toyle to transport entertainment for fiftie thousand men daily and Corne for Horses such a farre way and having appointed their Magazin-house in the upper Paltz to weary them the sooner his Majestie very wisely as we see plotted the ruine of it to be effectuated by Colonell Dowbattle being knowne for a Cavalier of much worth that formerly had done his Majestie divers notable good services as at this time which made his Majestie to be the more carefull of his safe retreate in comming himselfe with a partie betwixt the enemy and him to be his second being no small honour where in the first Rancounter Colonell Ree was killed and then a little Captaine of the Leeffe Regiment throwing off his Doublet did valourously command supplying the place of the Colonell till such time as his Majestie tooke notice of his noble carriage and then lighted from his Horse taking the Command to him selfe Neverthelesse at his Majesties returne to Quarters he did give his own Pourtraict with a gold chaine to the Captaine and advanced him to a Lievetenant Colonells place for reward of his vertuous carriage in sight of his Master Colonell Ree being kill'd I being then the eldest Lievetenant Colonell under his Majesties Armie of foote having served three yeares before as Lievetenant Colonell I sought of his Majestie as my due according to the custome then used that I might be made Colonell to Rees Regiment which his Majestie confessed openly to have been my due Neverthelesse on other considerations shewed by his Majest ie unto me I was contented to give way to his Majesties will whereupon his Majestie urged me to be Colonell to the Regiment I had commanded so long in absence of my Lord of Rhees seeing his Lordship had advertised his Majestie he was not to returne to his Charge As also he had sent his Warrant under his hand unto me to deale with his Majestie to get the Regiment being weake to be made up for my selfe but I being desirous to have commanded strangers the other Regiment being strong and ours very weake my intention was to have joyned them both in one seeing at that time his Majestie would not admit me to recrue the Regiment from Scotland but having given me Patent as Colonell his Majestie assigned a Muster-place for me in Schwabland from whence I was to receive moneys to strengthen my Regiment being then but seven Companies to twelve and before the next Summer I made them up to ten Companies His Majestie having the eighteenth of August 1632 placed me Colonell over the Regiment at which time Major Iohn Sinclaire was placed my Lievetenant Colonell and Captaine William Stewart was made Major The thirty-sixt Dutie discharged of the joyning of our Armie with the Succours and of our service at Nurenberg THE sixteenth of August the succours being come from Saxon Hessen and During brought up by the Rex-chancellor Oxensterne and Duke William of Wymar being come together at Ventzhame the eighteenth at Aiorach and Prugg and the twenty-one at Furt by foure of the Clocke in the morning they presented themselves in Battaile before Furt where did lie above a thousand Emperialists which were presently chased away taking their Retreate unto Walestines Leaguer which done Duke Barnard of Wymar and Generall Banier continued the Armies march being thirtie thousand strong through the fields towards a Dorpe called Grosseroote and draws up in Battaile in plaine Champaigne halfe a mile from the enemies Leaguer his Majestie then marching out of his Leaguer with the Armie from Swyno towards Clyneroote incontinent presented himselfe in Battaile before the enemies Leaguer but the Emperialists unwilling to be seene in the fields they kept themselves close within their Leaguer playing on us with their Cannon having done no more hurt than the killing of one Constable and a few Souldiers and we attending their resolution and out-coming enterprized nothing all day but stood ready in Battaile till night that the foote Briggads had orders to advance within Cannon reach of their Leaguer where our Batteries were ordained to be made all in Front as our Armie stood alongst the face of the enemies Leaguer where we had cast up a running trench before the front of our Armie from the right hand to the lef t going from one Battery to another on which Batteries were planted seventy-two pieces of Cannon great and small well guarded with strong guards of Musketiers and Pikemen the Briggads lying ready at hand to relieve them in time of need and our horse-Briggads being appointed without them to stand in readinesse for to second the foote The day peeping the Emperiall Generalls were saluted with a salve of Cannon which untimely stirred some from their rest making them retire unto their Strengths not having the courage to shew their faces in the fields This service of Cannon having continued the whole day in the night the Emperialists retired their Forces towards their workes on the old hill being mighty strong on that quarter so that there was no possibility to harme them any more with Cannon His Majestie thinking if it were possible to get in the hill he was then able to beate the enemy out of his Leaguer and therefore in the night gave Orders to draw off the Cannon from the Batteries and having the Armie in readinesse we marched in the night through Furt towards the other side of the enemies Leaguer of intention to take in the hill and then to beate them out of their Leaguer and his Majestie having got intelligence the enemy had marched away and left but a Reare-guard on the Hill to make his Retreate good we marched neere the Hill and drew up in Battaile alongst the side of it horse foote and Cannon by seven of the Clocke in the morning where incontinent on slight information his Majestie resolved in earnest to pursue the Hill Duke William of Wymar then Lievetenant Generall next unto his Majestie had the command of the Armie Generall Banier had the Command of the foote and Duke Barnard of Wymar Commanded the Horse Colonell Leonard Richardson had the Command of the Artillery divers other Cavaliers of note were ordained to attend his Majestie for giving assistance in Command to be directed by his Majestie as occasion offered such as Grave Neeles a Sweden then Generall Major of foote Generall Major Boetius a Dutch Sir Iohn Hepburne then having left command of the Briggad being out of employment he attended his Majestie Generall Major Rusteine being then Stallemaster to his Majestie attended also Generall Major Striffe commanded the Horse next to Duke Barnard The Armiethus in Battaile and the whole Officers of the field attending his Majestie and their severall Charges the service being but begunne Generall Banier
membris hoc decorata bono Spiritus aethereas Heroum scandit in oras Ac desiderium linquit in orbe sui IO. NARSSIVS M. D. Ann. 1633. MONRO HIS EXPEDITION AND OBSERVATIONS The first Dutie discharged in Holsten at Crempe THE old Proverb is A good beginning makes a good ending and to lead a good life is the way to a happie death Immediatly after our landing at Loughstad on the Elve by command of his Majestie of Denmarke we were quartered in the fat and fertile soyle of Holsten nothing inferiour in fertilitie to any part of Dutchland except in Wines having Corne in abundance to the increase Communibus Annis of the twentie eight Corne Wheat and Barly in milke nothing inferiour to Holland and for the most part inhabited by Hollanders especially the Cities This Soyle hath also abundance of fresh and salt-water fishes their Gentry live like Noble men and their Communaltie live like Gentlemen During our enquartring with them our entertainment was answerable to our charges where some Officers had allowance of a peece a day for keeping good Order Lievtenant Colonell Arthur Forbesse had the Command over the Regiment in the absence of the Colonell being hindred by sicknesse Shortly after our going over the Lievtenant Colonell departed this life being a Gentleman of much true worth and a valourous Commander much regrated by the whole Regiment Immediatly after his death Captaine Sanders Seaton was by his Majesties Patent made Lievtenant Colonell to the Regiment who did bring a strong Company of well exercised Souldiers which were joyned to strengthen the Regiment Captaine Iames Dumbarre who did get Lievtenant Colonell Forbesse his Company was placed Sergeant Major Captaine Sinclaire Captaine Boswell and Captaine Ennis Companies were reduced to strengthen the other Companies of the Regiment which being made complete were mustred cloathed and payd of their muster-moneth Who then would disdaine to follow warres might be thought unwise The Baron of Fowles comming over a voluntier was allowed a free Table to entertaine an Earle being ordinarily above sixteene persons at Table his Visitors horses and servants entertained accordingly The Regiment mustered received colours wherein his Majestie would have the Officers to carry the Danes crosse which the Officers refusing they were summoned to compeare before his Majestie at Raynesberge to know the reasons of their refusalls at the meeting none would adventure fearing his Majesties indignation to gainestand openly his Majesties will being then his Majesties sworne Servants and for the eschewing of greater inconvenience the Officers desired so much time of his maiestie as to send Captaine Robert Ennis into England to knowe his Majestie of Great Britaines will whether or no they might carrie without reproach the Danes Crosse in Scottish colours answere was returned they should obey their will under whose pay they were in a matter so indifferent During the tedious winter the Regiment was well exercised and put under good discipline as well the particular companies as the whole Regiment so that mine eyes did never see a more complete Regiment for bodies of men and valiant souldiers as shall be seene in the discharge of their duties begun with the sheding of Duch-bloud A Duch captaine having out of a mad humour mutilated a souldier of my Captaines company of one finger The souldier complaining to me I made my Lievtenant-colonell acquainted with the manner who sent to the Captaine to know his reason The Captaine not repenting of the wrong done but rather bragging he would second the first with a greater he comming through my Quarters I being exercising the company the Sergeant overtakes him and almost kill'd him who made no defence neither pressed ever to be repaired of his wrongs This duty begun with the shedding of Duch-bloud by one of my name and kindred In the continuance of the storie you shall heare much bloud shed of all Nations in Europe and of ours not the least But of my freinds and myne too much The first Observation THE land of Holsten full of prosperitie at this time having all things in a golden swimme and waving carelesly in a swallowing plentie having her heart full of pleasures disdaining what was to come ruine seazed vpon this land within six months after our rising from quarters to our first expedition towards the Waser streame At our comming into the land the proudest sort of them disdained souldiers saying they had no neede of strangers they were sufficiently able themselves to hold out the Emperors forces their passes were strong their power in Armes were mightie of Horse and foote as any Province in Germanie notwithstanding whereof in a short time they felt the wrath of Heaven and were ruinated in the middest of their fortunes I wish my Country by a timely prevention to avoide the like by suspecting the smooth streame being ordinarily deepest lest they should become subject unto their enemies their land wasted with fire and sword their buildings and plantings destroyed their riches and Iewels made spoyle of their wives abused and their daughters deflowred themselves banished and their Religion persecuted in so much that their Pastors flying to the Altar for refuge were cruelly put to death Since therefore their enemies are our enemies we ought to beware We ought also not to deny our betters in things indifferent lest the askers love waxe drie and his revenge grow great for to a generous spirit as it is hard to begge so it is harsh to be denyed Our Officers refusing to carrie the the Danes Crosse in their colours disobliged his Majestie so farre by their denialls of a thing indifferent that after the death of our worthy Lievtenant Colonell Arthur Forbesse Lievetennant-Colonell Seaton was preferred against the Officers wills who once placed would refuse nothing unto his Majestie he would command By his Majesties authoritie against the Colonells will Captaine Duncan Forbesse and Captaine Iohn Forbesse for alleaged insufficiencie were put off their command and their companies given to others whom his Majestie favoured But time that alters all things having favoured them they were restored to their companies againe When we have good dayes we slight them when they are gone we sinke under the wring of sorrow for their losse and want teacheth vs the worth of things more truely and it is a true saying Blessings appeare not till they bee vanished Our Officers that were discontented under the King of Denmarke without reason having had both good quarters and money there after in other services would have been contented with lesse We ought then to make use of the present preserving that we have and if it goe to grieve as little as we may yet we ought to owe a deare respect to the memorie of the good we lost Certainly a good resolution is the most fortifying Armour a discreet man can weare that can defend him against all the unwelcome frownes that the poore world puts vpon him with this we can be servants as well as Lords and have the same inward pleasantnesse
this service I referre to the next Dutie discharged The Major being killed I having discharged the duty in his absence by my Colonels respect to me and his Majesties favour I had Patent given me under his Majesties hand and Seale as Major to the Regiment as likewise Captaine Lermond his company then at Luckstad being vacant through the death of the Captaine at Hamburgh was also disposed unto me and orders were given unto the Commissary that mustred us according to my Patent to place me as Sergeant-Major over the Regiment which all duely obeyed by the Commissary the Drummer Major accompanied with the rest of the Drummers of the Regiment being commanded beate a bancke in head of the Regiment The Commissary having his Majesties Patent in his hand makes a speech signifying his Majesties will unto all the Officers of the Regiment and without any contradiction placed me Segeant Major and delivering me my Patent takes me by the hand as the Colonell did Lievetenant-Colonell with the whole Officers of the Regiment wishing me joy with the generall applause of the whole Soldateska which ceremony ended the Regiment marched off by companies unto their severall quarters as before The Colonell conveyed by his Officers unto his quarters the Officers were appointed the next day to meete at the Colonells quarter to receive money and to understand further of the Colonells resolution concerning the standing of the Regiment At their returne the next day they received two monthes pay for the Officers and one moneths pay for the Soldateska with promise of winter clothes But the Souldiers coming into a good fat soyle clad themselves honestly which made them want commisse clothes Yet none of us could say but we served a liberall and a bountifull Master the money first payed by the Commissaries they give orders in his Majesties name for keeping of good discipline over the Regiment whereby the Boores should not complaine on the Souldiers Isolencie which they needed not to use getting willingly from the Boores both meate and mony with some clothes Neverthelesse there were alwayes amongst the one and the other some churlish Rascalls that caused complaints to be heard which made our proforce or Gavileger get company and money for discharging his duety for neither Officer nor Souldier escaped due punishment that was once complained on untill such time as his Majestie was satisfied with justice and the party offended Thus continuing in our duety the Colonell anew doth Capitulate with his Majesty for bringing over from Scotland a thousand men to recreute the Regiment Officers were appointed of every company to go for Scotland and for the most part the Captaines went themselves leaving their Lievetenants in their absence to command their companies The Lievetenant Colonell taking a fore-loofe did go unto Holland I being left to command the Regiment the Colonell and his Captaines Sr. Patrick Mac-Gey Captaine Annane Captaine Monro of Obstell Captaine Forbesse Captaine Sinclaire Captaine Iohn Monro and Lievetenant Robert Stewart the Barron of Fowles followed them in the spring for leavying a company also They being gone I was commanded by his Majesty to take orders from Generall Major Slamersdorph then resident at Odensee in Funeland who immediatly after their going away commanded me to take my quarters in Assens where we kept our watch seeing that part of the country was most in danger of the enemies pursute where I had question with the Major of the Rhinegraves Regiment of horse who should give out the orders in the Garrison which did bring an emulation betwixt our Souldiers and the horsemen so that in severall rancounters had in the Garrison three or foure on each side were killed To prevent this disorder the Generall Major with some other associats came to Assens and held a Councell of warre the businesse considered the Major of Horse is removed to another Garrison and Rut-master Cratsten is put with his Troupes in Assens and the command of the Garrison was given unto me Notwithstanding whereof our camity with the horsemen did continue a long time till the Rhinegrave himselfe had given orders to his whole Officers examplarily to punish those insolent Rutters who should be found to live otherwise then brethren with the whole Scots Regiment so that by that time the coldnesse removed we lived at more quiet during my being there which was not long The eighth Observation FIrst here we may see the wisdome and magnanimity of this King not cast downe with the losse of his Army nor with the losse of the halfe of his country but preventing his further losse for the safety of his country and good of his Subjects he with expedition drawes himselfe and the remnant escaped of his Army within Denmark to preserve them for a second fitter opportunity As also to encourage his Subjects that through feare were on the flight by water unto other Nations carrying their substance with them feare comming unawares having heard of their Kings losse and overthrow abroade fame dispersing the rumours of the losse much worse then it was the people were so afraid and so fearefull that they enjoyed nothing without a frighted minde no not their sleepe they trembled at the present miseries that might but come they were anticipated in a more horrid habit then any enemy could put them unto meeting with evill before it came making things but probable as certaine as when one may sit even in a boate he is in no danger yet through feare stirring he may drowne himselfe and others as we see often in battell that the valiant man constantly keeping his ranke doth live when as the feeble coward by stooping thinking to save his life he loses it when the brave soule knowes no trembling Caesar spake like Caesar when he bad the Marriners feare nothing And this invincible and Magnanimous King though ruffled by Caesar yet he encourages his subjects by exhorting them to feare nothing going at all times himselfe betwixt them and all dangers he being the first many times ingaged and the last coming off casting as it were through his valour a kinde of honour upon God believing in his goodnesse casting himselfe in danger trusting and confiding in his care onely Not like an unworthy coward that eclipses his sufficiency unworthily doubting that God will bring him off unjustly accusing God his power or his will making himselfe his owne Saviour he becomes his owne confounder But this magnanimous King setting his care upon God and using the lawfull meanes for his country and kingdomes preservation winning the love of God and of his subjects establisheth himselfe and his Throne in despight of his enemies Here also I have observed that good service done to a noble and liberall Master as this King was cannot be without reward Therefore let the servant deserve and the Master will recompence if he be such a just Master as we served where both loved each others for their generous worthinesse Who ever then is a servant if he suppose his lot hard let him
knowing how to command in warres Edward seeing his sword thus blunted and the course of his victories by the wisdome of Charles interrupted said who did ever see one out of his chamber to give a man so much adoe without Armes Thus Charles was so wise that his enemies did make no difficulty to praise him for he not onely freed his people from misery but also gathered afterward a great treasure for his sonne being called rich as he was wise and being respected of his subjects and of his enemies as this Magnanimous King of Denmark is for his prudence after his warres is as much to be commended as his valour was in preserving his subjects Throne from his enemies being redacted to a corner and his counsell served also well for the good of his subjects the estate of his Throne and for the recovery of his losses And therefore Cicero said that counsell availed for the good of the State as well as Captaines for it is oft seene in effect that by the good advice of the one the others have happily drawne and governed their swords And in another place he saith that Agamemnon Generall of Greece did never wish for ten such great Captaines as Ajax was but rather ten wise counsellours as Nester was which made Cicero so often to proclaime the honour due to eloquence above valour saying Cedant arma togae concedat laurea linguae but joyned together as in this Magnanimous King of Denmark they worke one to anothers hands for the establishment of his Throne which I wish so long to continue as the world Here also we may learne to eschevv vice by the punishment inflicted upon this souldier for his exorbitancy in having ravish'd a virgin of her honour he was bereft himselfe of life by Gods justice punishing man for sinne examplary to others Against this sinne of ravishing Emperours ordained punishment to wit to lose their heads and their goods also to be confiscate but the law of the Canonists treates more meekely with ravishers suffering them to marry those whom they ravished But the Lord judgeing more severely steeping his rods in viniger ordaines stricter punishment for such malefactors To eschew therefore the committing of such villanies I will here set downe some remedies to hinder man from such vices that we may eschew the like punishment The first remedy then is to abstaine from the excesse of wine and meates not to be drunke with wine wherein there is dissolution The second remedy is to eschew idlenesse and too much sleeping which is enemy to travell and diligence The third to eschew the company of uncleane persons whose delight is in filthy communications for he that will touch pitch must be defiled with it Evill speeches corrupt good manners and with Wolves we learne to howle and cry Dina the daughter of Iacob desiring to see what was not convenient neither for her shamefac'tnesse nor for the respect she ought to have carried to her fathers house was ravished violated and was the cause of greater evill The fourth remedy is to keepe both women and maides in a convenient modesty of a chast behaviour without which there is a doore opened to all villany and filthinesse which is able of vertue to make vice The other remedies are to live soberly and vertuously in ourcallings eschewing evill company and filthy communitations loving rather to take paines in our callings remembring our duty we owe to God in not delighting in any uncleannesse that we may eschew the malediction hanging over the heads of those which continue in their filthinesse without repentance abusing the long suffering and patience of the Lord our God and Father To conclude this observation there are lawes and justice observed as well among souldiers as in other governments and the strictest justice that is with least partiality our lawes are the Kings Articles we are sworne to obey our President or Iudge he amongst us present having the command to whom his Majesty joynes as assessor to the Iudge an Auditor for doing of justice our Assisers or Iury we have not to seeke viz. a competent number of thirteene of our owne Regiment Officers Captaines Lievetenants Antients Sergeants and Corporalls till our number be full our Proforce or Gavilliger brings in the complaints and desires justice in his Majesties name to the party offended and to his Master the Kings Majesty or Generall that fuers or leades the warre and every Regiment is bound to have an executioner of their owne which if the Regiment wants the Colonell is obliged to hire another to doe the execution for paiment and sometimes as the crime and the person is respected that is to suffer he is honoured to be shot by his camerades or beheaded not suffering an executioner to come neare him Other slight punishments we enjoyne for slight faults put in execution by their Camerades as the Loupegarthe when a Souldier is stripped naked above the waste and is made to runne a furlong betwixt two hundred Souldiers ranged alike opposite to others leaving a space in the midst for the Souldier to runne through where his Camerades whip him with small rods ordained and cut for the purpose by the Gavilliger and all to keepe good order and discipline for other lesser faults there is ordained slighter punishments as Irons standing at a poast his hands bound up above his head likewise sitting on a Treen or woodden Mare in some publicke place to make him ashamed of his fault As also sometimes to stand fix or seaven houres longer than ordinary at the centrie posture as I was once made to stand in my younger yeares at the Louver gate in Paris being then in the Kings Regiment of the Guards passing my prentiship for sleeping in the morning when I ought to have beene at my excercise for punishment I was made stand from eleven before noone to eight of the Clocke in the night Centry Armed with Corslet Head-piece Bracelets being Iron to the teeth in a hot Summers day till I was weary of my life which ever after made me the more strict in punishing those under my Command The eleventh Dutie discharged of our expedition by water unto the Isle of Feamer and of the in-taking of it THE twenty-second day of March 1627. his Majestie having come in person to Lowland with two thousand five hundred foote having appointed Randezvouz at Rubie I had orders to repaire with all diligence to the Randezvouz with the foure Companies commanded by me of our Regiment his Majesties intention being to ship at Rubie to fall on the Enemy upon the Isle of Feamer as being too neere in neighbourhood unto Denmarke for preventing of their evill his Majestie resolved to visit them before they should visit his Country and in the extremitie of a bitter frost we were all shipped in open Skouts or Boats where we lay three dayes with contrary winds in the Road very much perplext and troubled with the extremitie of cold weather being hard frost and snow the
till I made them throw fresh water and then it was quenched having before read the like in Plutarch treating of the naturall causes And Venice seated on the sea hath beene often in danger of burning as Sabellicus writes in his sixt booke in the story of Venice where he reports that the Temple St Marke was almost all burnt and the Dukes Palace was preserved with great difficulty which verifies that fire and water are good servants but evill masters God make us thankefull for this deliverance and from many more since having beene in danger of fire water sword famine pestilence and from the cruelty of our enemies The fourteenth Duty discharged at Grottenbrode in Holsten THis Magnanimous King yet still preferring the good of his country before his owne rest and quiet with the hazard of his person landed againe in Holsten his forces not exceeding three thousand foote without horsemen of intention there to bring his Army together he drew out himselfe a Royall Leager with a strong Forte in the middest of it having the Isle of Feamer sufficiently provided of victualls and of Ammunition to furnish his Army during that Summer and leaving the most part of his strength a shipboard he advanced himselfe with a thousand men to a Dorpe called Grottenbrode a mile from the shore naturally well situated which might be put in defence with little paines to hold up an Army His Majesty having drawne the draught of the Retrenchment the Boores set to worke I with the English and two Dutch companies were made choise of to Guard his Majestie and the workemen the enemie lying strong with horse and foote within two miles of us The first nights watch was laid on me and my souldiers by breake of day a Corporall and twelve horsemen of the enemies were sent to try our watch or rather to betray us which were holden up by our outer centry who calling to the Guard the Guard taking Armes I directed a Sergeant and a Corporall with twelve musketiers to advance and to speake with those horsemen The enemies Corporall finding himselfe wrong pretended an excuse alleaging he was come to offer his service to his Majestie and then retired whereof incontinent I did informe his Majesty who presently considered he was a spie sent from the enemy before midday he returned with fifteene hundred horse and some Dragoniers our intrenchment not ready we draw to Armes his Majesty directing the two Dutch companies to beset the passes and finding his person in danger retired with a few musketiers and leaving me and the English being of equall strength to defend the Dorpe promising to provide me of amunition and to send us reliefe his Majesty thus retired I caused a barricade of waggons to be made a hundred paces without the Dorpe where I placed a Lievetenant and thirty musketieres giving him charge if the enemy should advance to discover or recognize then to give fire on them and not otherwise This done the rest of our Souldiers were placed for maintaining the entry of the Dorpe and the English were appointed as our reserve to lye at Armes to be in readinesse to second us the enemy finding us provided and their foote not being come up they stand in Battell and direct two Troupes of horse to try the passes meaning to come betwixt us and our ships to cut off our retreat but finding we had the passe beset with musketiers they were forced to retire backe with the losse of three horsemen By this time his Majesty did send Colonell Holck unto me being come loose from the enemy on Parole to solicite his Ransome to desire me if the enemy forced entrance unto the Dorpe that I should retire to the Church-yard which was but cold comfort so being his Majesty had no intention to relieve us and consequently at last we should be the enemies prisoners after losing of our Colours which grieved us most But I desired the Colonell to shew his Majesty that seeing I knew of no reliefe if the enemy pursued us hard I would choose rather to set the Dorpe on fire behinde us and then commit my selfe and the rest to the hazard of fortune in making our retreate rather then to become prisoners to the enemy The Colonell gone we pressing to make a faire shew of a slight game doubling our Guards before night and making great Guard-fires in view of the enemy his foote not come up and seeing our resolution he retired before night where incontinent we imbraced the opportunity and leaving some Dragoniers behinde us we retired to our ships giving orders to the Dragoniers to follow after us so soone as they thought we were safely retired Before midnight the enemy having gotten his foote joyned with him returned to the Dorpe and the next morning advances towards us till he was holden off by the fury of our Ordinance of the ships In the meane time his Majesty had above foure thousand Boores at worke finishing the Leager and royall Fort in the midest of it whereon were placed eight pieces of Cannon the Fort being higher then the Leager did command the fields about which being complete the two Dutch companies were left to maintaine the Fort and the rest had orders to ship their men and to retire to Lowland his Majesty having understood that the enemy had beleagerd Trailesound The second night after our going away the enemy coming to pursue the Fort the Dutch retire quitting the same and their Cannon also with the losse of fourescore men so that his Majesties paines taken in Holsten was in vaine the Dutch retiring from it unfoughten The foureteenth Observation IT is much to be lamented when Kings or great men preferre their owne ease and rest to the publique weale suffering it to be overthrowne on the contrary part it is worth much commendation when a King or a Prince undertakes toyle and travell of his body for the safety of his people to keepe them in quiet from imminent ruine with the hazard of his owne life preserving his subjects Therefore men ought to call to minde often the wise counsell of Pericles who said that when the publique state was ruin'd he that lived well at his ease for his owne particular should not escape unruin'd where on the contrary the publique state being well the poore feele the lesse discommodity and is comforted in some manner Caesar was of this opinion when he said unto his Captaines and Lievetenants no man could so well establish his condition as that it could not perish if the publique state were hurt But if the publique state did florish he might helpe and mitigate all the misery of all particular persons And the Emperour Antony called the Debonnaire was of that minde when he tooke away the pensions of some pensioners of the publique that did no service saying there was no people more cruell or more villanous then those that did eate up the publique Would to God this magnanimous King had done so with a number of his Commissaries
was directed to the Rex Chancellor there with Orders from his Maiesty to his Excellence to direct me and my Squadron with all diligence after his Maiesty unto Dutchland according to which having arrived in Spruce and delivered my Commission to his Excellence I was immediatly directed to my Garrison to order the Companies for a Muster and being mustered and payed of two moneths meanes there was Shipping provided for mee and my Companies at the Pillo in August 1630. for transporting of us into Dutchland according to his Maiesties will and Orders given unto me to follow his Maiestie and our Ships being victualed wee attended the winde THE SECOND PART OF MONRO HIS EXPEDITION VNDER HIS Majestie of SVVEDEN discharged in severall Duties and Observations The first Dutie discharged in the Swedens service of our Expedition by Water from Pillo in Spruce vnto the Coast of Pomerne at Rougenvalde THE twelfth of August 1630. having received his Excellence Orders the Rex Chancellor for to Ship my Souldiers at the Pillo and from thence to transport them unto Dutchland towards Wolgast in Pomerne in obedience to the orders having divided the Companies at the Pillo my owne Company Captaine Hector Monro's and Captaine Bullions Company were put with my selfe in a Ship of his Majesties called the Lilly-Nichol The other three Companies viz. Major Senotts Captaine Iohn Monro's and Lermonds were put on another Ship of his Majesties called the Hound our Horses and Baggage being put on a small Skoote or Boat the winde favouring us we being victualed for a weeke we make sayle from the Pillo towards Pomerne having calme weather for two dayes The third day with a strong winde and a great tempest from the West wee were severed from the Fleet and our Ship striking a leake we were driven unto Burnehollem Roade in Denmarke where the tempest being past wee goe a shore to victuall our ship anew the winde favouring us we weigh Anchor againe and setting sayle we take our course to wards Wolgast being neere the Coast the winde contrary wee were not able to double our Course and our ship being leake we durst not adventure farre from land and putting forty eight Souldiers to pumpe continually by turnes they were not able to keepe her dry and being overcharged with much water though there blew a great winde after us wee made but a slow Course our resolution was being turned backe and before the winde to make for Dantsick as our best refuge But keeping so neere the land under night wee bayed within lands the winde blowing hard with a great tempest on the shore being a shallow sandy Coast all sayles being up by Eleven a clocke at night we struck on ground our Ship old and weake breakes in the middest below but kept fast above our Souldiers comming all above hatches they were pittifully drenched and wet with the waves and being in danger of out-washing they tye themselves with Ropes to the ship sides yet two that tooke a pride in their swimming a Dane and a Scot called Murdo Piper thinking by swimming to gaine the shore were both drowned the Mariners setting out one Boate after another were both broken and they being feeble fellowes they lost courage thus under the mercy of the raging Seas and waves going higher then the Mastes over the ship sides wee patiently attended the Lords mercy with prayers till One of the clocke the next day during which time I forced the Mariners and Souldiers that could best worke having cut the Masts and the ends of the Crosse yards with Deales and the Deckes of the ship to make a floate being made it was tyed to the ship within with Towes hanging at it which the waves could carry ashoare the floate thus ready with strength of men was let downe by the Ships side whereon foure of the most couragious Souldiers did adventure to goe some Boores a shoare having got hold of the Towes that were bound to the Floate with the helpe of the waves drawe the Float ashoare and being drawne backe to the ship wee did continue in this manner ferrying out our souldiers till at last the most part were landed who being landed sought along the Coast and finding a Boate did bring it with Horses on a Waggon whereof wee made use in landing the rest of our souldiers whereof I remayned the last till I saw our Armes landed But our Amunition and Baggage being lost we were in a pitifull feare being neere unto our Enemies and above Twenty Dutch miles from his Majesties Army being without fixe Armes and lacking Amunition wee had nothing to defend us but Swords and Pikes and some wet Muskets the enemy being neere our resolution behoved to be short where having learned of the Boores how neere the Enemy was unto us I suffered none to goe from us lest we might be discovered to our enemies After advisement I sent Captaine Bullion with a Guide to the Captaine of the Castle of Rougenvalde belonging to the Duke of Pomerne offering if hee would furnish us some fixe Muskets with some dry Amunition and Bullets wee would cut off the Enemy that lay in the Town and defend Town and Castle from the enemy for his Majesty till such time as his majesty might relieve us the proposition so pleased the Captaine that hee gave way to my suite and withall hee for feare of such suspition goes unto the Countrey having sent a Gentleman with Amunition to me to convey me a secret way unto the Castle where I should receive Fifty muskets my Captaine retiring to me with the Gentleman and Amunition I marched till I came safe to the Castle and then from the Castle falling on the Towne with commanded Musketiers under the command of Captaine Bullion I stayed my selfe with the reserve my folkes entering the Towne the Enemy a loft drew to Armes thus service begun my partie being strongest some of the enemy shot the rest got quarters and mercy our Watch duely set the Keyes of the Towne and Castle being delivered unto me my greatest care was then how to put our selves in safety against our Enemies being at Colberge within seven miles of us I begun to learne from those on the Castle what passes did lye betwixt us and Colberge I was told of a little River did lye two miles from us which was not passable but at one Bridge where I went to Recognosce and finding it was so I caused them to breake off the Bridge where I did appoint a company of Boores with Armes and Horses by them to watch the passe and if in case the enemy should pursue them they had Orders from me to defend the passe so long as they could commanding them also at the first sight of the Enemy to advertise me wherby they might be supplyed and I put on my Guard Being retyred from the passe immediately I did send a Boore on Horsebacke in the night to acquaint his Majesty of Sweden the Army then lying at Statine twenty Dutch miles from us
Bridge were suffered to enter within the Castle before the Garrison could get to their Armes and being thus surprized they got worse quarters then if they had fought The Soldiers and Officers that first entred made good booty and having got gold chaines and mony in aboundance by reason the Emperialists had lyen long there who though they gathered the whole money of the Country yet they had not the wit to transport it away being silly simple Italians and without courage the poorest Officers that ever I looked on and unworthy the name of Souldiers for though they knew of our march they suffered themselves pittifully to be surprized The Fourth Observation NOtwithstanding of the extremitie of cold we see his Majesties diligence neglecting no time making use of Winter as of Summer being an expert Generall who in his judgement was nothing inferiour to the greatest Generall we read of as doe witnesse his valorous actions He seeing at our comming to Brandenburge what advantage the ground yeelded to the enemy to have hindered our comming unto it As also perceiving what hurt the enemy was able to have done us before our down-lying having known their strength that were within both of horse and foot if hee had beene a resolute and a couragious Commander as hee was not hee had tried our fore-troopes before our comming so neere which made his Majesty judge they would not hold out long Here at this time a young Cavaliere desirous of honour and greedy of good instruction could have learned frō this King the way to command well as likewise with order to direct all things fitting how to pursue any place or strength he came before as his Majestie did there being the first part wherein I did observe his Majesties dexteritie in Command discharging the dueties of severall Officers being but one man he never doubted to put in execution what he once commanded and it was well done and no alteration was to be found in his Orders neither did he like well of an Officer that was not as capable to understand his directions as he was ready in giving them Neverthelesse hee would not suffer an Officer to part from him till hee found he was understood by the receiver of the Order Such a Generall would I gladly serve but such a Generall I shall hardly see whose custome was to bee the first and last in danger himselfe gayning his Officers love in being the companion both of their labours and dangers for hee knew well how his souldiers should bee taught to behave themselves according to the circumstances both of time and place before they were led to fight and being carefull of their credits hee would not suffer their weakenesse or defects to be discerned being ready to foresee all things which did belong to the health of his souldiers and his owne credit Hee knew also the devices and Engines of his enemie their Counsell their Armies their art their discipline As also the nature and situation of the places they commanded so that he could not bee neglective in any thing belonging to his charge and he understood well that an Army being brickle like glasse that sometimes a vaine and idle brute was enough to ruine them and to breake them like the bricklest glasse that is His Majesties further diligence after the intaking of Brandenburg we see he giving neither time nor leasure to the neerest Garrisons that were at hand to resolve what they had to doe for one strength was no sooner taken but incontinent the commanded Musketiers and horsemen were presently closing up the passages of the rest before they could either retire or send for supply And so being long sleeping in a carelesse securitie some of them were taken before they could bee prepared for to fight or to take about their ports or bridges so farre were they out of use with hunting and making good cheere that they were surprized inter pocula having regarded their bellies more then their credits Where I did see the saying of the Prophet cleered that saith Men doe annoy themselves in gathering goods and cannot tell who shall enjoy them For I thinke the Italians never minded that the riches which they gathered in Pomeren should be suddenly transported from the Sunne unto the Northerne cragges and cliffes of Sweden being led by the Lyon of the North the Invincible King of Sweden of never dying memory The fifth Dutie discharged of the Intaking of Dameine by Accord GEnerall Major Kniphowsen being come with a supply of horse and foote to our Army at Letts and being joyned with us his Majestie did give him orders to desire from the Colonells of all Regiments of foote and horse according to a Swedens custome used at such times the List of their marching men and of their sicke the Lists being severally given our Army did effectivè consist of fifteene thousand men of foote and horse able to fight The next morning every Regiment of foote according to custome was commanded to have a competent number of Cannon baskets ready made to be transported the next day on Waggons before Dameine which we were to beleaguer Therefore this preparation was made before hand for the Batteries the wood being scarce and farre from thence The fourteenth of Februarie we did breake up horse and foote and marched towards Dameine from Letts our horsemen were directed to lie without us on both sides of the Towne alike so that the Towne could get no supply without they would first beate our horsemen and next our foote His Majestie remaining with the Infantry as his choice we incamped on a hill and about it within Cannon shot of the Towne being our best Quarters in the extremitie of the cold without house or shelter to defend us from the winde At our first drawing up in battell a worthy Gentleman called Robert Rosse one of our Regiment was kill'd with the Cannon being blowing of Tobacco before the Regiment died instantly and was transported to Letts where he was honourably buried in the Church whose last words were worth the noteing saying Lord receive my Soule His Majestie having first disposed of the Horsemen in giving them their directions the foote was standing in battell under the mercy of the Cannon behinde this hill for two houres while his Majestie was in viewing and recognoscing both Towne and Castle which done the Guards were commanded forth to their severall Posts to the Artillerie and to his Majesties baggage then his Majestie directed Generall Major Kniphowsen and his Forces with the thousand commanded Musketiers to take in the passage that went to the Castle on which service was commanded Here Tivell his Lievetenant Colonell called _____ who commanded the partie under whom was with the commanded men of our Regiment Lievetenant George Heatly the service beginning hot on both sides striving for the passe the Lievtenant Colonell was killed At which time Lievetenant Heatly being shot notwithstanding behaved himselfe valourously being the first with his Musketiers that cleered the passe
his Majestie before his march finding the enemy lay strong in the Silesian and at Lansberg lest he might fall downe unto Pomeren and Marke to disturbe the new forces that were expected to come from Spruce and from Scotland his Majestie directed Feltmarshall Horne with a part of his Horse that crost the bridge at Swede unto Pomeren and the Wart to collect the forces there for to be fured and led towards the Wart and Lansberg to give the enemy somewhat to thinke on while as his Majestie might march with the rest of the Armie consisting then of ten thousand foote and horse towards Francford whereunder the command of the Feltmarshall Tuffenback and the Grave Fon-Sehonberg Governour of Francford on the Oder there were drawne together of the Emperialists neere nine thousand foote and horse Generall Tilly with this maine Armie then lying at Rapin after his returne from Brandenburg with two and twentie thousand foote and horse his Majestie then not being sure neither of his brother in law the Duke of Brandenburg nor yet of the Duke of Saxon though the League was ended with the King of France his Majesties affaires thus standing doubtfull we marched towards Francford with a resolution to prie into the enemies designes more than any wayes resolved for a beleaguering having such strong enemies and Armies about us without assurance of our pretended friends and confederates yet having continued our march till within a mile of Francford our enemies retiring out of all quarters were come into one body at Francford who having joyned we did heare the enemy was almost as strong within as we were without and he having of us the advantage of the Towne behinde him for his retreate we expected no other thing than that the enemy should come out and offer us Battell Wherefore his Majestie himselfe discharging the dutie of a Generall Major as became him well having sought the ayd and assistance of Sir Iohn Hepburne beginneth to put the Armie horse foote and Artillery in order of Battell the commanded Musketiers as his forlorne hope advanced before the Army having placed plottons of them by fifties to march with his squadrons of horse all being in even front the signe given for advancing Trumpets sounding Drummes beating Colours displayed advanced and flying every Commander directed and appointed on his Command and Station the magnifick and Royall King leads on this Royall Army marching in battell order for halfe a mile as comely as one body could doe with one pace and one measure advancing stopping moving and standing alike till at last coming neere the Towne and finding no Hostile Ranconter made by the enemy we hault standing a while in Battell and then resolved being the enemy durst not meet us in the fields we would presse on the sudden to be Masters of Francford or not at all knowing of the neerenesse of our enemies and of the great strength they had together and seeing we were not sure of the Princes we resolved the taking of time was the best for us and incontinent his Majestie commanded out the most part of his Cavalerie to make a Carracolle behinde us betwixt us and Berleine fearing Generall Tillie with his Armie might come behinde us whiles we were ingaged with the Towne keeping onely of all the Cavalerie the Rhinegrave and his Regiment besides the Infanterie in case of out-falling to second us against the horsemen that were within the Towne The Cavalerie thus directed his Majestie then perceiving the feare of his enemies having voluntarily fiered their fore-Towne tooke their feare as a presage of his future victory commanded a part of the commanded Musketiers to goe in through the fore-Towne being on fire and to lodge themselves being advanced to the very port till such time as his Majestie should dispose of the rest of the Armie in directing every Briggade apart to their severall poasts The yellow and the blew Briggade were directed to lodge in the Vineyards on the side of the Towne next Castrene being commanded to advance their guards before them while as the rest of the Briggade should lodge and lie in one body at their Armes to be still in readinesse in case of an out-fall the white Briggade called Damits Briggade was appointed to lodge in the fore-Towne to guard the commanded Musketiers that lay betwixt them and the danger at the Port right under the walles Hepburne his Briggade was commanded to lie neare unto the other Port and to advance their guards also the rest of the commanded men to lie neare vnto the other Port and to advance their Guards also the rest of the commanded Musketiers being commanded by Major Iohn Sinclaire were commanded to lye on a hight neere a Church-yard that was direct before the enemies workes besides which there was a Battery made and the Artillery and Amunition of the Armie as commonly was usuall was placed behinde our Briggade and the Rhinegraves horsemen behinde us all things thus ordered and placed commanded folkes out of all Briggads were commanded out proportionally for making of Cannon Baskets and for casting of Trenches Then according to custome his Majestie himselfe and Colonell Tyvell went to Recognosce neare the wall where Colonell Tyvell was shot in the left arme his Majestie then making openly great moane for him alleaging he had no helpe then but of Hepburne in the same instant my Lievetenant David Monro was shot in the legge with a Musket Bullet and my Major Iohn Sinclaire commanding the commanded Musketiers neere to his Majestie where the Battery was making the enemy hanging out a Goose in derision they presently fell out above two hundred of them upon our Guard who received them with volees of Musket and they being too strong for the guard his Majestie commanded the Major to send an Officer and fiftie Musketiers more to second the Guard Neverthelesse the enemy still pushing our guard backwards making them give ground incontinent his Majestie commanded the Major with a hundred Musketiers more to fall on and to resist the enemy in relieving the Guard which the Major suddenly obeyed making the enemy retire with greater haste than he advanced where their Lievetenant Colonell and a Captaine were taken prisoners and after the Major taking in a Church-yard that lay right before the enemyes workes and keeping his Guarde there he did keepe the enemy under awe so that we were no more troubled with their out-falling though diverse of our Officers and souldiers were hurt by them from their workes the Church-yard being no shelter for our Guard that lay just under their workes On Sunday in the morning being Palme-sunday his Maiestie with his whole Armie in their best apparell served God his Maiestie after Sermon encouraging our souldiers wished them to take their evill dayes they had then in patience and that he hoped before long to give them better dayes in making them drinke wine insteade of water they were then drinking and immediately his Maiestie gave orders unto Generall Bannier to command
Circles of the Empire to offer to joyne with his Majestie in confederacy having seene the appearance of the strong partie his Majestie could make being assured of the friendship and concurrence of great Britaine they were both graciously accepted of and so much the more that they were the first did hazard with a private Convoy to come to his Majestie through their enemies for which his Majestie did thanke them who the next day were dispatched to returne for advanceing of the cause in doing his Majestie good service by collecting of more forces as they did soone after They being gone the twenty-two of Inly Generall Tilly with his mightie Armie did present himselfe before our Leaguer about two of the clocke in the after-noone and begun to salute us with thirty-two pieces of great Ordnance of their carriage discharging through and through our Leaguer till he made us to draw to our Armes and stand in Battaile horse and foote under the walles which did shelter us from his Cannon where we stood till night looking for his on-falling requiting and honouring him now and then with interchange of Cannon-Bullets till it begun to grow darke that he retired his Cannon to the body of his Armie having lyen all night in Battaile without being intrencht though strongly fortified without him with strong Guards both of horse and foote having his Crabbats and Dragoniers without them againe His Majestie having commanded out strong Horse-guards to watch without the Leaguer I was commanded as least worthy of a thousand that night to watch without the Leaguer with five hundred commanded Musketiers which were ordained to lye in readinesse betwixt the enemies Armie and the Leaguer almost a Cannon-shot from our workes getting orders from his Majestie himselfe how I should keepe good watch and how to behave my selfe in case of the enemies pursute and being come the length of the ground appointed for me to watch on having consolidated the body of my Musketiers in the safest ground I could finde for them to stand on their Armes rested and in readinesse First I caused set out my Perdues without my other Centries not trusting the giving of an Alarum altogether to our horse Centries and then to the end the enemy might not surprize us being sleeping I ordained the halfe of our Musketiers to stand for two houres in readinesse till the Centries were relieved and then I suffered the other halfe to rest them so long as the other did before and thus orderly wee past over the nights watch having had sundry naughtie Alarums in the night without continuance Our dutie was to be the more strict having received command of his Majestie not to quit that ground except the enemy by greatnesse of strength would beate me from it and then I should retire orderly skirmishing with the enemy our faces to them still and our Armes giving fire on them till we came under our walles so that by that meanes the Leaguer would get time to be in readinesse to receive them By the breake of day friend to valour and courage the enemies Horse-guards begun to skirmish with ours who being stronger made our Horsemen to give ground the Commander of the Watch sent to me for a supply of fiftie Musketiers which I accordingly did send with a Lievetenant giving him charge how to behave himselfe who having a little skirmished with the enemies Dragoniers and Horsemen was made to give ground also and having commanded out a Captaine with fiftie Musketiers more he was also repulsed I wondring at their carriage advanced to recognosce the bounds they were on and spying an advantage of ground I tooke out a hundred Musketiers giving a Captaine charge to remaine by the remnant of my Musketiers and putting a hedge betwixt us and the enemy we advanced till we were in even line with them and then giving a Salve amongst them incontinent we made the enemy retire so that our Horsemen did advance to their former stations His Majestie having heard the service ordained the Armie should be in readinesse and coming forth from the Leaguer accompanied with Generall Lievetenant Bawtish and Baron Tyvell where his Majestie begun to enquire of me how all passed which accordingly I related But though his Majestie was pleased yet he checked me for leaving of the Reserve to another when I went on service which I confesse was more suddenly done than wisely and ever after I promised to his Majestie to avoide the like over-sight though it succeeded well His Majestie incontinent since they had tryed his guards he would also try in earnest what for Officers and Souldiers they did command and to that effect his Majestie sent Orders to the Leaguer to command out eight hundred Horsemen of Hagapells and a thousand Musketiers with foure small Field-pieces of Cannon with the five hundred Musketiers I commanded on the Poste which all being set in order his Majestie directed the Colonell of his Leefe Regiment Here Tyvell to leade on the foote towards a Dorpe that lay neere the enemies Armie and his Majestie with Generall Lievetenant Bawtish commanded the Horse taking the Cannon along with them and comming neare the enemies Guards consisting of a thousand Currassiers having given fire with the Cannon amongst them they charged furiously with the Horse in middest of the enemy and putting them in disorder they cut them downe from their Horses as they retired at the spurres being still followed unto the body of their Armie And our Musketiers falling up alike discharging amongst them the enemy at first in great feare was almost put in confusion the most part of their Horsemen being abroad on Forrage their Guards did stand to their Armes till the Armie was drawne in Battaile and their Horse spanned or put before their Cannon during which time our Souldiers continued in giving fire amongst them till his Majestie did give orders for our Retreate which we softly made giving now and then faces about skirmishing with Cannon and Musket and then retiring againe orderly being pressed thereto by their Cannon giving fire after us and their Horsemen calling up ours in our Reare till at last we being retired the length of my Poste our Cannon being able to reach them they were made to make a stand and I was ordained with my Musketiers to remain on our former Poste his Majestie and the rest of the partie being retired within the Leaguer Incontinent from our Batteries our Cannon did play againe within the Leaguer which continued the whole day doing great hurt on both sides where the whole time I with my partie did lie on our Poste as betwixt the Devill and the deepe Sea for sometimes our owne Cannon would light short and grase over us and so did the enemies also where we had three shot with the Cannon till I directed an Officer to our owne Batteries acquainting them with our hurt and desiring they should stell or plant their Cannon higher In the morning also we lost on the skirmish thirteene Souldiers besides
me whereby I might timely beset the Strengths The Spaniard having set over his Army at Spier being ten thousand strong getting intelligence of the Rhinegraves Quarter they marched on it where he lay in open Dorpes in a manner trusting and reposing too much unto himselfe and his strength mis-regarding his enemies being a Cavalier who was both couragious and resolute who had also resolute and valourous Officers and Souldiers under him a sudden alarum had no power to fright him or his being his watch was commanded by Rutmaster Hume of Carrelside who was a Cavalier of courage and of good experience finding by intelligence the enemy was approaching on his Guard he advertised his Colonell timely to draw out on horse-backe and to expect his enemy in the field who did take no notice of the first advertisement till the Rutmaster rode to him and advertised him to draw to the fields he commanded him againe to retire unto his watch he knew his owne time the Rutmaster scarce returned when he with his watch were charged by three Troopes which charge he received and charged them againe and then retired on the Colonels quarter being so hard followed that by the Colonell was on horse-back he was invironed by three Regimēts of the enemies whom he bravely charged home with foure troops of his and making them to retire he did caracolle about from the enemy having suffered losse on the charge The young Grave of Nassaw then a Rutmaster being hurt and taken and divers more inferiours being retired he commanded Rutmaster Hume with the other foure Troopes to make astand before the enemy to hold them off till such time he were retired The Rutmaster seeing the enemies strong coming up in full squadrons one after another he drew up very wisely his foure troops in the entry of a wood making a large and broad front whereby the enemy might judge he was stronger than he was as also that they might thinke he had Musketiers behinde him in Ambuscade for a reserve or hinderhalt which made the enemy give them the longer time and the better opportunitie to his Colonell to retire with ease The Rutmaster finding the enemy to fall off a little he retired his troopes at an easie trot till he overtooke the Colonell who thought before their coming they had beene all cut off Immediatly the Rhinegrave sent to me to beset the Garrisons as I did and then he sent Poste unto his Majestie acquainting his Majestie how all had past and of the enemies strength which his Majestie having knowne he drew his Armie together at Mentz with a resolution to fight with the Spaniard before he were suffered to relieve Franckendale but the enemy hearing of his Majesties preparation they retired over the Mosell againe and they being retired I was recall'd with the partie unto Mentz where having left a Captaine and a hundred Musketiers with the Rhinegrave to be disposed on having got orders to that effect from his Majestie which afterwards were all cut off by the enemy the rest of the partie dismist I retired to my Commands The twenty five Observation THE duty of an Officer leading a party is almost alike to the duty of a Generall leading an Army in fight in march in quartering in command and those he commands ought to give the like obedience unto him though strangers as if absolutly they were of his owne Regiment and his care for them should be as for himselfe He ought also at the undertaking of the command or charge over them to foresee to be sufficiently provided of all things necessary for such service as he is commanded on of Amunition spades shovels materialls for his Cannon and Pettards with his Guides to convey him from one place to another till he come to the end of his intended march doing all things by wise and deliberate stedfastnesse in Command without wavering not altering his Orders as he must answer to his Generall to whom he is to give account and his best is to have his Orders in writing that in case of variance betwixt Commanders Writing may beare him thorough when Orders by mouth will be denied neither ought he in his command to be timorous or rash but rather resolute and remisse as occasion offers and on occasions apart when his Command must be relative to anothers direction that is but subordinate to a Generall he must deliberat wisely what to doe and he must foresee the best and worst of things but having once deliberated let him be as resolute in the execution as he can Likewise here we see in the Rhinegrave a rare example both of remisnesse and courage in one person For first being made foreseene of the enemies comming he shewed his remisnesse having refused to give eare to the severall advertisments till in th' end he was pursued unawares and then he did testifie his inward courage and resolution in charging the enemy being three Regiments with foure troopes putting them to a retreat Neverthelesse we see him alike beholden to the Rut-master for his advertisment as for his safe retreat having first and last suffered the dint of the enemies Armes on him and houlding it off his Commander A brave example to be imitated and followed of all Cavaliers that would gaine honour and reputation The twenty sixth Duty discharged of the accidents occurred in our warres during our lying in Mentz THIS following discourse being no direct part of the discharge of duty intended of the Regiment neverthelesse for lacke of emploiment in my calling at that time being idle in Garrison I remarked so farre as I could by report the actions of others as they occurred then being out of action my selfe yet I can affirme what I relate will be found true if not let me be no more blamed than those that gave the intelligence His Majesty having gone to meete the Queene being come from Leipsigh to Hanow the twenty second of Ianuary 1632. his Majesty conveyed the Queene to Francfurt where all the Cannons went off after their entries At this time also the Rex-chancellour Oxensterne came from Spruce conveyed by our countriman Sr. Patrick Ruthven then eldest Colonell of Scots under his Majesty being then Governour of Mariburg and Colonell of a Dutch Regiment lay there with whom did come fro Spruce Lievetenant Colonel Hugh Hamilton who was Lievetenant Colonell then to Sr. George Cuningham his Regiment of Scots that lay in Spruce Captaine Mongomery came also with them who soone after was made Lievetenant Colonell to a free Squadron of foote and after that was killed in combat on horsbacke by the Generall Quarter-master Bullion at first Captaine under me At this time also came with him Quarter-master Sandelence who afterwards was Captaine Major and Lievetenant Colonell having ascended by degrees according to worth and deserving The Chancellor being come his Majesty and he sat ordinarily all day in counsell treating on weighty matters At which time the Cullens Ambassadour was treating apart with his Majesty for neutrality affirming
he had given no assistâ—nce to the last League neither yet was he of the League As also he affirmed that at the last Westphalia convention he refused assistance to the rest of the League his Majesty replied to the Cullens Ambassadour how hardly and unchristianly they had dealt with the Evangelists Stends worse then if they had bin Iewes or Turkes in taking their Churches from them and in banishing themselves Neverthelesse there were some Articles proposed unto them concerning the Neutrality viz. First of all molesting the Evangelists under whatsoever pretence to be abolished and put away Secondly the free liberty of the Religion to be granted and suffered and that the Students of the Religion should be taken aswell in the Colleges as the Papists Thirdly in all Cities the Evangelists to be as free to traffique as the Papists Fourthly they should give no assistance unto the Kings Majesties enemies nor no contribution nor Bills to answer monies on exchange Fifthly to give free passage through their land aswell to his Majesties Army as to his enemies not to hinder them of it both alike Sixthly that his Majesty of Swedens servants should have the Passes open when they pleased to passe and repasse Seaventhly that his Majesties Agents might lie at Cullen to see the Neutrality were justly observed Eightly that his Majesty of Sweden his friends and confederats should have free traffique in their Townes and Territories The Cullens Ambassadour returned from Francfurt with these sleight points to be granted by their Bishop The Swedens were come so neere Cullen that the Superiours were reprehended for it by the Clergy out of the Pulpits for giving such liberty to Hereticks to come againe so neere unto their jurisdictions By this time the Landgrave of Hessen with his Army being neere ten thousand strong of horse and foote for our assistance did lie on the other side of the Rhine over against us and from thence they fell strong on the Spaniards which were in Rinckoe making them also quit those parts and the inhabitants for feare forsaking their houses his Majesty promised them his gracious protection to stay and remaine in their houâ—es they paying their weekely contribution which they payed before to the Bishop of Mentz Being here also at Mentz the French Ambassadour Idid see get audience The reason of his coming being to shew his Majesty of Sweden that the Kings Majesty of France was offended his Majesty of Sweden had crost the Rhine against his paction and confederacy made with the King of France and therefore desired he should retire againe with his Army His Majesty answered he did but prosecute his enemy and if his Majesty of France was offended he could not helpe it and those that would make him retire over the Rhine againe it behooved them to doe it with the sword in their hand for otherwise he was not minded to leave it but to a stronger if his Majesty of France should anger him much he knew the way to Paris and he had hungry Souldiers would drinke wine and eate with as good a will in France as in Germany Therefore he hoped his Majesty would be better advised in sending the next Ambassage in milder termes This interchange of message went betwixt them till at last they were setled on secondary conditions of a new League offensive and defensive At this time the Felt-marshall Gustavus Horne tooke in Mergenhem on the Sawler streame Hailburne on the Necker Wmpviniphen and Necker Olin. Likewise Kunickstene in the Vetre was taken in by accord after Mentz as also the Spaniard left Vieitzler and Geylhousen leaving them both unto the Sweden without shot of Musket or Cannon His Majesty at this time caused publish an Edict where all Marchants of whatsoever Religion or Nation they were of should be free to passe and repasse with their goods to the Francforder Masse and that none of his Majesties Army of whatsoever condition they were either of horse or foote should trouble them under paine of death where the concealer of the wrong being got notice of should be punished to death as the Actor Likewise the twelfth of Ianuary Babenhousen was taken in by accord by his Majesties order and direction and in the end of December Manhem was taken in by Duke Barnard of Wymar having surprized their guards where about two hundred and fifty were cut off of the strangers and quarters and service given to the Dutch where a Captaine and his Ensigne were taken prisoners and let loose againe for the paiment of their Ransome and being come to Heidelberg they were executed by the Governours direction there for over-seeing their duties and these of the League lying at Heidelberg were mightily troubled with the neerenâ—sse of the Swedens neighbour-hood having gorten Manhem their passage unto the Rhine was altogether cut off from them Likewise the Spaniard did quit Garmarsham and retiring to Franckendale they had no more in the Paltz but that and Heidelberg His Majesty wonderfully having gotten in Creutznach and the Castle Where the valorous courage of my Lord Craven a Noble and worthily renowned English Lord was to his great commendation taken notice of by both the Kings For he out of affection and desire to advance the cause following his Majesty of Bohemia of worthy memory at the storming of the workes at Creutznach in sight of his Majesty of Sweden leading up his Company of Voluntiers to the good example of others gave outward testimony of his inward courage in so much that his Majesty of Sweden and all the beholders openly extolled his Lordships noble praise-worthy carriage for having endeavoured so farre as lay in him on this exploit to make his memory out-live himselfe As afterward his Lordship did shew his prowesse Heroicke spirit at the intaking of Donavert Where he did merit so much that I having reason to have said more could say no lesse His worth being knowne his affection to the cause his respects to his Majesty of Bohemia whom he followed merits a well deserving reward from his Majesties Royall Issue Before Creutznach Lievetenant Colonell Talbot was killed and the worthy Captaine Dowglas was shot in the arme Colonell Alexander Ramsey was placed Governour of Creutznach by his Majesty of SwedeÌ„ as a beginning of reward for his old service attendance who loved nothing better than nobly and kindly to entertaine his friends and strangers being the common receptacle and refuge of all his Country-men that liked to honour him with their company As also he was most willing to entertaine and respect strangers of the best quality and most of all he was peremptory in maintaining his Countries credit obliging all Cavaliers to his power but most unwilling to be beholden to others carrying still a noble minde At this time his Majesty being in Mentz Bingen Bagherach on the Rhine and Shaule were taken in by Scalade with a surprise by the Scots of Sir Iames Ramseys Regiment where those within were thrice stronger
finding us alwayes ready on our Guards attending their nightly comming our outward watches being a mile from us so farre as Furt on the side of the River having also Perdues a foote without the Leaguer our Centries on the walles at Batteries Colours and Corp-du-guards so that it was hard to surprize us But the greatest hurt they did us was by their Crabbats while as our servants and horses went forth to forrage for in one day for my part I lost three of my servants and five of my best horses But in th' end our forrage grew so scarce that many did quit their horses for want of entertainment Neverthelesse twice every weeke strong parties of hor se with strong Convoyes of Musketiers were sent forth to bring in forrage where it was my fortune to have bin oft commanded with the foote little skirmishes we had without great hurt being alwayes in hope of reliefe in neede Neverthelesse whatsoever streete we went out on their Garrisons were still ready to snap some or other amongst us on our wings and then away they went unto their Strengths sometimes they came from Forchem sometimes from Buche and sometimes from Rottenburg so that alwayes some Devilish Garrison or other snatched at us aside though they durst not draw neere our bodies neither could the enemy know on what quarter we went forth on and if they knew sure that quarter we went out on was beset by Ambuscades of our people to attend them in case they should fall in betwixt us On the twenty-eight of Iuly his Majestie had commanded out Colonell Dowbattle with some Troopes of Horse and some Dragoniers towards Furstat in the upper Paltz which lay but two miles from Newmarck where the Emperiall Army had their Magazin-house for their Victualls and Amunition which was beset with five hundred Souldiers Dowbattle the thirtieth of Iuly coming before it ere it was day he divided incontinent his folkes in two Deales putting the one halfe to the over doore or Port and the other halfe to the other Port the over Port made up with a Pittard the Swedens entring they gave fire and at their entry they killed the Lievetenant Colonell Revenheller being one of their owne thinking he was an enemy being shot in the shoulder he died shortly after at Nurenberg All the Emperiall Garrison was almost cut off the Proviant waggons were plundered and the Towne was burnt having brought foure hundred Oxen that were both great and fat unto Nurenberg His Majestie immediatly after Colonell Dowbattle was marched followed with a partie of a thousand Musketiers and some eight hundred Horse towards Bergthane on the Dorpes thinking if the enemy got intelligence of Dowbattles march they would set after him And therefore to make his Retreate good his Majestie went towards Bosbowre At the same time Generall Major Sparre with eight hundred horse twenty Cornets of Crabats and five hundred Musketiers commanded by Lievetenant Colonell Gordon and Major Lesly which partie of the enemy had an enterprise on Lawffe to take it in for hindring us from Forrage having no doore open to goe out on but that onely and having met with his Majestie in the fields his Majestie most Heroickly charged them and killed many with the first charge Generall Major Sparre kept himselfe by Colleredo his Horsemen and the foote were commanded by Gordon and Lesly two Scots Cavaliers who then serving the Emperour did behave themselves valiantly for a time as I did heare his Majestie of Sweden give testimony of their valour alleaging if the Emperours Horsemen had behaved themselves like the foote his Majestie had not returned victorious for Sparre intending to have broken through his Majesties Horses the Crabats having runne away the rest of the Emperiall horsemen were overcome and then most part of their foote were cut downe Generall Major Sparre was taken prisoner with Gordon and Lesly and were brought all three unto Nurenberg with three Cornets In obtaining this victory Colonell Ree was kill'd his Majestie after his death being forced to light from his Horse and command the Musketiers having skirmished well for an houre on both sides the praise whereof his Majestie did give to the Scots Cavaliers that commanded the Emperialists to whom he promised before they were taken within three dayes to let them loose againe Ransome-free Neverthelesse they were kept for five weekes with us their Country-men where we made merry as friends Here also in this Conflict was killed his Majesties Camerjounker called Boyen and an other Chamberman called Cratzistene that attended his Majestie About the ninth of August the Emperialists catched a great number of our Horses at forrage and waited on us so well that there was no more hopes to bring forrage unto the Leaguer so that many of our Horsemen for want of Horses were put to their feete till our succours were come unto us The tirty-fift Observation HEre we have two mightie Armies waiting to take advantages one of another being resolved for to gaine credit to endure all toyle and misery and they contemned all hazard and danger to winne glory to themselves being armed with courage and military vertue contemning spoyle and riches leaning to their vertue they delight in the warre being taught by discipline heartily to embrace povertie for their Mistresse and here the Souldier wearied is content to make the ground his bed to lie on as also making the first morsell that chances to his hand to satisfie his appetite and in stead of sleeping out the whole night he is contented with a nod nothing seeming impossible or impregnable unto his couragious and resolute minde glorying more in his contented povertie than others doe in their greatest riches for he thinkes he hath not to doe with gold being able to command his owne desires as the bravest Leaders and most valiant Captaines of Armies have ever made greater esteeme of honour and renowne than deceivable riches or of the spoyle of their enemies reserving glory and honour unto themselves they allowed the spoyle for the common Souldier hunting after an immortall name to leave behinde them after death rather than with the spoyle of others to be thought rich robbing themselves of a good name and their soule and conscience of eternall rest We see then that it is much better to contest with honest men for vertue and a good name than with the avaritious or niggard that hath come to an estate with the spoyle of his enemies or perhaps with the spoyle of his friends or worst of all by detaining their meanes from them who did serve valiantly for it with the losse of their bloud Such Conquests unlawfully made by some Officers are rather to be pittied than envied and I am of the minde he hath provided well for his wife children and friends that leaves an immortall name behinde him for himselfe and his after death rather than to leave them rich in the Devills name by unlawfull Conquest His Majestie of Sweden having had here but a weake Armie
humble friends not as servant under command and he ought by all meanes eschewe to come in question or publique hearing with his Officers the onely meanes to make himselfe famous and his Regiment of long continuance The third dutie discharged of our March from the Waser towards Bysenbourg on the Elve HAving thus remained the space of ten weekes under the command of Generall Morgan on the Waser side we got orders to breake up and to continue out march over the Elve under Hamburgh and from thence toward Bysenbourg Skonce to joyne with the rest of our Regiment the Colonell and Lievetenant Colonell being absent Major Iames Dumbar commanded then in chiefe receiving all necessaries fitting for our march as ammunition proviant and waggons for our baggage our sicke souldiers being cared for were left behinde and we brake up from the Waser the tenth of Iuly 1627. a Regiment of Horse being commanded with us for our Convoy to the Elve the first night we quartered at Rottenburg a strong passe having a great Marrish on both sides accessible onely by one narrow causey which leades through the marrish to the Castell which is well fensed on both sides with Moates Drawbridges and slaught bomes without all The next day our march continuing in the morning our fore-troopes having gotten Alarum retired on us whereupon we drawing into Battaile resolved to fight and provided our selves accordingly for the enemies comming which being found but a false conception nothing followed on it but the continuance of our march without further interruption The next night we lying in Quarters our Guards orderly disposed before day we had another Alarum our duety duely discharged of all both horse and foote if the enemie had come we were provided But the Alarum proving false we brake up continuing our march toward Buckstehood appointed for our first Randez-vouz where we were commanded to send to his Majestie at Stoade for receiving of further Orders and a company of Horse being directed with me for my convoy I was made choise of to go to his Majesty for bringing Orders unto the Regiment His Majesty being absent Orders were given to me by a Generall Commissary to continue our march thorough Buckstehood and to quarter over night in the old land by the Elve side till the next day we should crosse the River of the Elve at Blanckeneas and from thence to march by Hamburgh through their Territories and passe towards Lovenburgh where we quartered a mile from it continuing our march the next morning towards Bysenburgh where we quartered in the fields for five nights till we knew of his Majesties further resolution The third Observation ALl marches are occasioned by the accidents of the warfare The reason of this march was the enemies Army drawing strong to a head in Luniburgh land of intention to force a passage over the Elve to come the easier to Holsten his Majestie being weake of foote in this quarter having no great feare of his enemie on the Waser where we lay before we were therefore called to joyne with the rest of our Regiment at Bysenburgh Another reason of this march was the Kings forces in Silesia being also weake of Foote standing in great neede of a timely supply we being able to endure a long march his Majesty resolved after besetting well the passe on the Elve to send us for a supplie unto the Silesian Armie Neverthelesse many times we see in warres though things be long advised on and prosecuted after advise duely yet the event doth not alwayes answer to mans conjectures For it is a true old saying Man proposeth but God disposeth A Commander having the charge of a Regiment or partie on a march ought in all respects to be as carefull and diligent as a Generall that leads an Army being subject to the like inconvenience of fortune Wherefore he ought to be well provided of all things fitting for his march that in time of Rancounter with the enemy he might the better discharge his duty especially being provided with good store of Ammunition both for the mouth and service with sufficient fix Armes He ought also for his march ever to have good intelligence lest his enemie should circumvent him He ought also to order his march according to the countries scituation he marches thorough appointing his Randez-vouz nightly short or long as his Quarters may fall in best security He ought also to keepe his Officers and Souldiers in continuall good order of discipline without suffering the one or the other to fall off from their Stations without great and urgent occasions and if any of them chance to fall off he is obliged to foresee to their timely returnes Likewise he ought not in any manner of way suffer violence to be used to Boores or strangers in his march and if such doth happen he is obliged to do justice to all and to see examplarie punishment done to terrifie others from the like He ought also to be carefull to give none under his command just occasion of complaint for want of their dues either in quarters or in distributing of their victualls according to their strengths He ought also on his march to be provident in causing to bring their Proviant timely to their Randevouz or Hawlts seeing it to be rightly distributed for avoiding of contentions happening most commonly at such times Also he must foresee before he makes a hawlt that the ground be convenient where he drawes up whether he be in feare of an enemie or not and at such times he must be carefull that centries be duly placed at all parts needefull and that no man be suffered to wander or go astray from the haulting part for feare he be to seeke when occasion should present either to breake up to march or otherwise in case of Alarum to have his Officers or souldiers wandering while as the enemie should charge were a grosse error Likewise he ought to be of strict command and authority to punish those that on a march leave their Armes behind them or that are carelesse in keeping their Armes both fix and cleane In quartering either in village field or Citie he must give orders for his posts to keepe Guards upon and he ought himselfe to recognize all avenues and inquire of the knowne countrimen the passes whereby his enemies may come unto him and of the distance he is from his enemy he must also direct parties on all quarters of Horsemen to get intelligence and Conschaift of his enemie lest unawares he should be surprised Likewise at his upbreaking from quarters he should take notice of all complaints and do justice accordingly And he should have a speciall care of the sicke either to transport them or to foresee for their good usage in case necessitie or weakenesse force him to leave them behind He ought also to foresee before he march for his Guides and to give charge to keepe them from running away and he ought to learne of the guide the inconveniences on the way
Councell of warres having our Auditor with us of the Regiment Officers the businesse exactly examined according to his Majesties Articles the souldier was condemned to die and to be shot at a post to terrifie others by his example from the like hainous sinne The souldier getting time for that night to prepare himselfe for death the minister instructing him of his duety the next morning the companies drawen to Armes a Guard was directed to see the execution the souldier couragiously and Christianly resolved being tied to a post was shot dead by his camerades who without any delay executed the command laid on them by the malefactor whose Corpes was presently buried The next day having shipt we crost over unto Lowland where according to his Majesties orders we were well quarteredand courteously received The Colonells company and Sr. Patrick Mac-Geys with the staffe were quartered with me in Marbe Captaine Mac-kenyee his company were quartered in Rubee and Captaine Monro his company in Necoppine where the Queene mother did remaine The tenth Observation HEre I did observe that wisdome and vertue were the best Guards of safety the one securing the soule the other the estate and body for this magnanimous and wise king by his fore-sight and wisdome did prevent the evill by a timely fore-sight which his enemies might have brought upon this isle of lowland being the richest part within the kingdome for corne a magazin and a garner for forraine countries it abounds also in all sorts of fishes the ponds belong to the gentry making great commodity of their fish being sold in the cities and country that are not licentiat to have the like of their owne the gentry of this land are much given to policy and oeconomy following the example of their king having great stalles and stables containing above foure hundred oxen and their stables some threescore horses being well fed and made lusty they are sold to the germaines which yeerely brings unto the gentility great store of money this iland abounds in deere and wilde foule this country is also plentifull of wood for building of ships where his majesty every yeare hath some builded by his owne master builder a worthy gentleman begotten of scots ancesters called mr sinclaire who speakes the scottish tongue and is very courteous to all his countrimen which come thither the citizens also of this iland being very rich build ships for their owne use and some they sell unto strangers my hoste the burgomaster of marbo sometime furnish'd his majesty for building of his ships to a reckoning of one hundred thousand rex dolors so that in a word in this little ile of lowland I did observe vertue to be habituall in it and so was the peoples goodnesse distributive unto us and our souldiers so that during our residence there we were so welcome that all things smil'd upon us where it was my fortune one night to have gotten his majesty to be my ghuest having then my quarter in the burgomasters house and though he was a king I perswade my selfe he was contented with his entertainment being both good and rare whereof truely I had a good deale but my ghuest departed by three of the clocke in the morning without bidding me farewell yet being his majesties will I was well pleased having sate up all night I was not for attendance in the morning which his majesty at his departure gratiously did excuse to returne then to my observation I did see and learne here the truth of that proverbe in his Majesties person that the wise man only is the cunningst sencer no man can give a blow so soone or ward and keepe himselfe so safely as the wise man and nothing is to be placed above him but God the King of Kings and giver of wisdome To live is common to be wise and good particular and granted to a few many I see wish for honour for wealth for friends for fame for pleasure I desire but those two vertue and wisdome which both I saw in this Magnanimous King and in his country people following his Majesties example We finde not a man that the world ever had so plentifull in all things as was Solomon yet his request was but one of these two though indeed it includeth the other for without vertue wisdome is not or if it be it undoes us at last and to returne to my observation in my judgement it may be said of this Magnanimous King as was said of Caesar Semi-Deus est for as he is valiant so he is learned Ex utroque Rex being valiant and wise a Prince of an excellent spirit capable of all good things as I have seene and observed in him he is learned in the liberall sciences and understands well the Mathematicks and the practise of fortifications as a souldier studied in the Lawes joyning Armes with Iustice two great helpes for the government of a Princely dignity he handles well his Armes and is expert in riding of horses a strong man for wrestling as all Europe affords able for to give strokes and the levellest shooter with a peece that ever I did see for with a pistoll he never misses a dogge in the head he shoots at for experience in warfare nothing inferiour to the greatest Captaines we reade of easie to come to and very affable patient to beare with heate cold hunger and most durable in travell and if I were to wish for the personage of a man mine eyes did never see his like for a stately majesticke person whom ever I will greatly respect and love for the good received and shall be ever ready to serve him against all his enemies my Gracious Soveraigne onely excepted and his deerest Sisters Royall Issue to whom I have vowed my best service Here also in this Kingdome I did observe that there is nothing mooves subjects more to obedience then the opinion they conceive of their Princes care and diligence in the conservation of his Kingdome and subjects and experience teacheth us that the obedience due to Kings by their subjects is weake if it be not grounded on feare and respective reverence As authority is gotten by honourable and convenient carriage so oftimes we see it is lost by evill carriage So that all greatnesse destitute of vertue doth vanish in an instant and therefore the Poets did say that honour and reverence were the childrenbegotten of Majestie and authority the example wherof we have in the person of Charles called the wise who having seene France ruin'd by the former warres under his predecessors Philip and Iohn Normandie and Piccardie possessed by the English and having Edward the third to deale with the best and happiest King ever England had who defeated the French in two Battells This Prince resolved to keepe the rest finding it to be as good to governe by counsell as by force of Armes he did nothing rashly nor unfore-seene but his designs were all well prem editated and digested making choice of men wise valiant and
that had misguided his rich Treasure and were the undoing of his Army where they should rather have died then wronged their King and country and should rather have left by will and testament to their children an example of their fidelity and honesty then a rich Patrimony The Rogues the Commissaries did much differ in their love to their King and Country from that worthy gentleman of famous memory we reade of in our owne Stories called William Seaton who is worthily recorded of for his love to the publique preferring it to his owne children who being Governour of Barwicke he and his wife did choose rather to quit their owne lives and the lives of their children then to give over the place unto the English choosing rather to keepe it for the weale of the publique and for the honour of their King and Country preferring the publique-weale to their owne particular the story I neede not amplify being well knowne This Magnanimous King scorning the attempts of his enemies ceaseth not still to hazard his owne person and Crowne for the safety of his people for he trusted and confided so much in God that he knew well the Scepter was ordained for those that slighted it and not for those did cover it greedily as his enemies did Here also we see that the enemies forces being drawne towards Trailesound minding that way to come unto Denmark his Majesty was diverted from his resolution and was forced to joyne with Trailesound to make a defensive warre for the safety of his Country and people for if the enemy had gotten Trailesound he had an easie way to come into Denmark wherein there were no great strengths and getting shipping Artillary and Amunition whhereof his Majesty was well provided he had then the passe open unto Britaine when he pleased But he was wisely prevented by his Majesty and his Councell God bringing things to passe according to his secret decree and not according to the will of man Here also we see that it is the duty of a Generall lying neere an enemy to know all avenues well and betimes to beset them well with diligence and good watches for if this passe at Gottenbrode had not beene timely well beset his Majesty might have fallen into the enemies hands the passage being cut off betwixt his Majesty and the ships Also in all extremities it is the duty of Commanders to encourage their inferiours otherwise the passengers may be affraid if the Skipper or steers-man gives over as Commanders do looke to their owne credits so they ought to be carefull of their followers saferies The English and our Nation are good seconds one of another being abroade for commonly they take part one with another against any other Nation as happened here at Grotenbrode where I did see fifty English and Scots chase above a hundred Danes with swords into the sea deeper than their waste running into the Sea for their safeties whereupon there was a complaint made unto his Majesty by the Commissary on my Camerade Captaine Chamberlaine and me for not suppressing our Souldiers insolency from abusing of the Danes Souldiers The occasion of their quarrelling was the Danes Boores being commanded out for the Kings service and for the defence of their Countrey they had fortie dayes provision with them and being well furnished with dry Beefe and Bacon while as our Souldiers did get nothing but hard Bisket and Beere they devised that one coming behinde the Danes Souldiers for taking up his knapsacke while as another should cut the strings before and then to runne away with it this Stratagem being oft practised by the English and Scots against the Danes at last the Danes resolved being stronger in the fields than they both were to fight for their Knapsackes the occasion being offered they yoake or joyne with swords and fight in the Leager and the Danes were forced to give ground and to retire within the Sea for their safeties sundry on both sides being hurt their Officers appeased the Tumult and after Captaine Chamberlaine and I though innocent of the fault were mightily chidden by his Majestie his Majestie assuring us if the like happened againe he would punish us and not our Souldiers which made us afterwards looke more narrowly to their behaviour and carriage making them live more peaceable with their Camerades in not oppressing them for it is a hard time when one Wolfe eats up another The fifteenth Dutie discharged of our March from Lowland to Alzenheure and from thence to Trailesound by water THE eight of May 1628. I being at Copemanhagen soliciting for our Regiment orders were given unto me to be sent to Lowland and to Fune to make our Regiment march in all haste to Alzenheure and there to attend for their orders the orders I did direct to Captaine Mac-Kenyee commanding him to keepe good discipline in his March and strict being in his Majesties owne Land he receiving the orders breakes up the twelfth of May from Lowland and continues his March to the Randezvouz The Garrisons also in Funeland breake up the said day and continued their March towards their Randezvous On the March through Zeland Captaine Mac-Kenyee his Souldiers being quartered in a Dorpe the Boores take Armes stayd not to be led by their Officers but entered the skirmish with the Boores where at the first Salve foure of the Boores were killed dead and sundry hurt the rest flie away leaving the Dorpe to the Souldiersto be quartered in the blame of this accident was laid on the Commissary appointed for the Convoy who being absent was to answer for the wrong but the Commissary caused for revenge a Boores daughter to complaine on three Souldiers of Captaine Mac-Kenyee his Company alleaging they had all three forced her so that the Souldiers were apprehended conveyed in Irons to Copemanhagen to be examined there before the Generall Commissary the State-holder and me who being examined no proofe was found against them but accusations whereupon they were remitted to prison till further triall where there was an act made they should suffer no tryall except I were present Neverthelesse in my absence they were all three executed viz. Donald Rosse Iames Dumbarre and Alexander Caddell who went to death without acknowledging the fact still pleading their innocency The Lieverenant Colonell Alexander Seaton being then come from Holland was ordained by his Majestie in all haste to ship three Companies and to goe with them for the reliefe of Trailesound I being appointed to stay for the other Companies comming they being come to Alshenure were shipped also and arriving at Copemanhagen it behoved me in all haste to ship and follow the Lievetenant Colonell for reliefe of Trailesound being hard beleager'd where I entred the twenty-eight of May and was no sooner drawne up in the Market place but presently we were sent to watch at Franckendore to relieve the other Division that had watched three dayes and three nights together uncome off that being the weakest part of
to our Lievetenant Colonell to dissolve the treaty seeing his Majesty of Denmark had folke in readinesse to come in all haste with Colonell Holke for their reliefe Whereupon my Lord Spynie a Scots Noble man with his Regiment with sufficient provision of money and Amunition were sent unto the Towne and being entred the treaty was rejected and made voide At this time also Sr. Alexander Lesly an expert and a valorous Scots Commander with some Swedens forces was sent to governe the Towne his Majesty of Sweden having condescended with his Majesty of Denmark that his Majesty of Denmark should dismisse the protection of Trailesound in favour of his Majesty of Sweden and to that effect the Danes forces should be drawne out of the Garrison for to give place to the Swedens in the meane time the command was turned over upon Sr. Alexander Lesly whom Colonell Holke did assist with the Danes forces till they were removed the absolute command being given to Sr. Alexander Lesly as Governour for his Maj sty of Sweden In time of the still-stand I tooke a foare loffe under my Lievetenant Colonell his hand scale to goe by Sea to Copmanhagen to be cured there seeing no Chirurgian in Trailesound would undertake to cut the bullet out of my knee without hazarding me to be lame which to prevent I choosed rather though with infinite paine to keepe the bullet a fortnight till I came to Copmanhagen where happily I found better cure The eighteenth Observation TWo things we must respect so long as we live our inward integrity and our outward uprightnesse our piety towards God and our reputation amongst men the one makes our life famous the other our death happy so both together bring credit to the name and felicity to the soule Then whensoever our breath is made but aire we shall be blessed leaving a sweete odour behinde us and men will regrate our losse as at this time they did our hurt He whom before I was wont to obey and visite came now and visited me I not being able to stirre my Lievetenant Colonell came to comfort me having neede to be comforted himselfe by good advise how to defend the workes the second night a generall feare having possessed the hearts both of Burgers and Souldiers and I to encourage him did tell him a story of Augustus the Emperour who being neere death commanded that after his decease all his friends should clap their hands and laugh unfainedly as the custome was when a Comedy was well acted even so said I though I was sorry at our losse yet I was glad for being hurt when I looked to be kill'd and having acted my part of the play for that time and retired off the Stage all I could doe was but to minde my Camerads of their duties In the meane time the Enemies cannon having shot foure great bullets of a hundred and sixty pound weight out of morters through the top of my lodging even to the bottome where I did lie affrighting me still when my feete were not able to shift away my body yet recommending my soule to God I resolved he was well guarded whom the Lord had a care of and having delivered me from many dangers I still confided he would not suffer me to be smother'd under walles For which and all his blessings I doe infinitly thanke his Majesty in giveing me time to doe any thing that may please his Majesty for my deliverance To make my Lievetenant Colonell laugh I did tell him a story of a vision that was seene by a Souldier of the Colonells company that morning before the enemy did storme being a predictive dreame and a true One Murdo Mac-claude borne in Assen a Souldier of a tall stature and valiant courage being sleeping on his watch awakened by the breake of day and jogges two of his Camerades lying by him who did finde much fault with him for sturring of them he replied before long you shall be otherwise sturred a Souldier called Allen Tough a Loghaber-man recommending his soule to God asked him what he had seene who answered him you shall never see your country againe the other replyed the losse was but small if the rest of the company were well he answered no for there was great hurt and death of many very neere the other asked againe whom had he seene more that would dye besides him sundry of his Camerades he tould by name that should be killed the other asked what would become of himselfe he answered he would be killed with the rest in effect he describeth the whole Officers by their cloathes that should be hurt a pretty quicke boy neere by asked him what would become of the Major meaning me he answered he would be shot but not deadly and that the boy should be next unto me when I were hurt as he was This discourse ended I wished my Lievetenant Colonell to set all care aside and to looke to himselfe and to the credit of his Nation in maintaining of the place till the reliefe should come and so we parted Here I did observe that no city be it never so strong or so well beset nor no Armour be it of what proofe it will is able to encourage a fearefull heart as in this City and at this time were many of the Burgars Souldiers strangers Officers of women and children who were tormented by the feare of death and of their meanes whose feare was generally so great that they were bereft both of wisdome and courage as people given over so that their feare in some sort did frustrate their lawfull defences the like I did never see neither wish to see againe for the enemy could not though victorious put them in a worse habit nor make them seeme more miserable than I did see them at this time making themselves unfit to resist their enemies and they were all of them in mine eyes like to the sword-fish having weapons but they wanted hearts they had quaking hands without use and in a word if the enemy had seene them as I did he would rather pitty them as cowards then kill them like gallants Notwithstanding of this feare which possessed the burgars and those Souldiers that had not beene on occasion yet our Nation that are ever most couragious in greatest extremity failed nothing of their wonted valour but having once retired to the Ravelin maintained it couragiously repelling the enemies valour with resolution built on vertue and love of credit so that they made their enemie with great losse to be frustrate of his hoped for victory finding the valour of the Scots tempered with constant resolution and vigorous spirits his fury was made to setle by little and little till at last resolution the strong Armour of the descreete Souldier prevailed against all the shuffles and cries of the enemy and the defender seeing the storme past and the tempest cease he laughes and smiles with as much honour quiet and safety as before he suffered toyle griefe or
Lord of Rhees Regiment is made up againe Where we see that as vicissitude maintaines the world even so concord is a great meanes of continuance as discord is too often of discontinuance and ruine Likewise we see that no estate is free from mutability and change which is the great Lord of the World who will be adored and followed as soone as order doth faile but where order is kept and concord as in this Regiment change hath no place to ruine though well to alter for order was so kept by this Regiment like to brave Souldiers who in a running skirmish come up discharge fall off flie and yet reinforce themselves againe having kept order in their proceedings which though now she admits of some change being reinforced againe and joyned together with the chaine of love and respect she admits of no confusion or ruine but is ready againe with her brave Souldiers being reinforced in a strong body to make head unto their enemies one day to be revenged of their former losses as God willing shall be cleered in the sequell of my discharge of dueties and observations of this new reformed body of the old Regiment My cozen Lievetenant Andrew Monro being killed in combat I have more then reason to condemne and disallow of that miserable sort of fight where oftimes the victorious puts himselfe in a worse case both of soule and body than he that is killed Yet this kinde of fighting hand to hand called Monomachia hath bin much practised both amongst Pagans and Christians even amongst all Nations as it is yet Of old it did serve for proofe of things hidden being in one rancke with the burning iron and scalding water to the end men might discerne the innocent from the guilty this kinde of violence of proofe was so common that Fronton King of Denmark made a law as reports the Saxon history that all differences whatsoever should be decided by the combat and Leoden reports that yet to this day they observe the same in Muscove But wise men finding this custome deceivable in deciding the truth and so uncertaine that many times the innocent doth succumbe and therefore it was forbidden by the civill and canon law as is evident by severall ancient constitutions inserted in the Decretalls Notwithstanding whereof amongst the Romans it became so common as to be thought but a sport which made the name of fighters esteemed of amongst the Romans as we reade in the Cod. Titulo de gladiatortbus and therefore this custome being displeasing unto the Emperour Iustinian he commanded all should be subject unto the Iudge and said that valour without justice was not to be allowed of This combat betwixt those two was well fought of both in presence of many witnesses where it was thought that the Dutch-man was hard so that a sword could neither pierce him nor cut him This fashion of fighting is so common that we neede not illustrate it by examples of Histories either ancient or moderne but who so would satisfie their curiosity in this point let them but reade Preasack his Cleander a story well worth the reading And truely dayly experience teacheth us as in this accident that the end of combats doth shew often that he who appeales often times doth receive the reward of his temerite which might be cleered by many examples amongst the ancients We have one very notable written by Quintus Curtius where Dioxippus the Athenian that brave fighter being all naked and smered over with oyle as the fashion was then with a hat of flowers on his head carrying about his left Arme a red sleeve and in the right hand a great batton of hard greene timber durst enter in combat against Horrat Macedonian carrying on his left Arme a bucler of brasse and a short pike in the right hand a jacdart-staffe as we terme it or something like it and a sword by his side at their approaching Dioxippus with a nimble slight and a pretty cunning shift of his body eschewed the stabbe or thrust of the staffe and before the Macedonian could have wielded the Pike the other doth breake it in two with his cudgell and quickly closing with his adversary gives him such a knocke on the shinnes that he fell to the ground his heeles above his head tooke his sword from him and would have kill'd him with his batton had not the King saved him Thus much of combats which for my part though I cannot allow of neverthelesse I should be loath to refuse to fight in a just quarrell but would rather referre the successe to God to determine of then to let that be called in question which is dearest unto me The twenty-second Dutie discharged being the last under his Maiesties service of Denmarke of our expedition by water unto Holsten HIs Majesty being resolved in Aprill 1629 with his sword in his hand to conclude a settled and a sure peace with the Emperour or otherwise to free Holsten and Yewtland from the tyranny of the Emperiall Army and to that effect his Majesty did gather his forces together to a head in Denmark where they were to be shipp't for landing at Angle in Holsten so that orders were given to me his Majesty having provided shipping to transport our Regiment from all quarters and to meete at Angle Before our parting Captaine Forbesse of Tullough and Captaine Andrew Stewarts Companies were put on warre ships to lie before Wismar I having shipped with the rest of the Regiment we sailed unto Holsten and landed at Angle where the Regiment being come together we were one thousand foure hundred strong besides Officers and having lyen at Angle till the peace was concluded his Majesty did thanke off or dismisse his Army save a few number that was kept a moneth longer till the enemy had marched out of the country we being discharged of service and having gotten our honourable passes we were directed by his Majesty to the Rex-marshall toward Funeland with orders from his Majesty that he should reckon with us and give us contentment accordingly The reckoning made we were forced to accept of two parts and to discharge the whole having made no reckoning but for us who were present leaving our Colonell being absent to make his owne reckoning thereafter with his Majesty Likewise his Majesty did give orders to the Rex-marshall to provide shipping and victuall for our Officers and Souldiers to transport them for their country which accordingly was obeyed As also his Majesty did give orders to ordaine us both Officers and Souldiers free quarters in Alzenheur till the shipps were ready to saile So that we being free from our honourable Master his service we were ready to imbrace new conditions from a new Master The twenty-second and last Observation on our Danes service HEre concluding our Danes service we see that the end of warres is peace and that the end of this peace was the beginning of greater warre under a new Master Happy therefore is that man or that
Regiment that can say while as they are thanked off we have served truely and with credit our last Master and then they may be assured of a second Master having wonne a good name as this Regiment did under his Majesty of Denmarke in whom the least omission could never be found much lesse to have committed any grosse errour worthy imputation And therefore we were Graciously dismissed and honestly rewarded according to the time Captaine Andrew Stewart brother to the noble and worthy Earle of Traquaire being soliciting businesse at Copmanhagen contracted a feaver and died there being in his Camerades absence honourably buried by the Stathoulders direction whose death as untimely was much regrated by all his Camerades he being a valorous and expert Commander Likewise Iohn Hampeseede an old true servant to my cozen the Barron of Fowles he dying of a feaver at Angle leager was honourably buried there This Danes warre thus ended was the beginning of a greater warre as is said for the Emperour in Summer 1629. The Danes peace being made in August 1629 did send assistance of men unto the Pole against his Majesty of Sweden under the command of the Felt-marshall Arnhem which the next summer did bring the sword of the Sweden against himselfe So that we see there is nothing here on earth to be expected by us more then a continuall warfare Lord therefore make us dayly to warre in that spirituall warfare serving truely the King of Kings and Lord of hosts fighting that good fight against our spirituall enemies where he that overcomes receives for a reward instead of worldly glory an immortall Crowne of Glory in the Heavens The Colonells Observation of the Kingdome of Denmarke HAving had the honour to have dined with his Majesty at his Table then in the gorgeous pleasant Palace of Freddesborree taking leave of his Majesty having kissed his hand I retired to Alzenheur where I began to thinke that this King could have said of his whole Kingdome as Scipio said you see not a man amongst all those but if I command him he will from a Turret throw himselfe into the Sea even so this Magnanimous King to my knowledge was of absolute authority in his Kingdome as all Christian Kings ought to be in theirs ever obeyed in the Lord without asking the head a reason Why doe you command us thus For we reade that the favour of the Lord was in Iuda in giving them one heart in doing and obeying the commandements of the King and of their Magistrates and Principalls as I did cleerely observe in this Kingdome of Denmarke the goodnesse of government for the florishing of the Kingdome wher 's Totus orbis componebatur ad exemplum Regis He commanding they obeyed both lived in prosperity the Ruler or King Heroick wise noble magnanimous and worthy The Gentry Citizens and Communalty obedient which made their joy and felicity to continue in despite of their mighty foes and that by reason of his Majesties Government in military discipline who doth entertaine a great number of Officers yeerely having good allowance for commanding of Souldiers trained up in peace against warre such as Colonells Lievetenant-Colonells Majors Captaines and other inferiour Officers which are still entertained at the countries charge in exercising of Souldiers for his Majesties emploiment being alike ever ready in all Provinces for peace or warre Would to God we were so well provided in our owne country at home and then we needed not to feare any forraine enemy that are enemies to God to our King and to our Religion And for the better maintaining of warre no Kingdome or King I know is better provided of a Magazin then this magnanimous King for Armes brasse ordnance whereof every yeere his Majesty doth cast above a hundred peeces being sufficiently provided of Amunition and of all sorts of fiery Engines to be used by Sea or Land together with Armour sufficient for to arme a great Armie of Horse His Majestie is also sufficiently well provided of shipping and yearely doth adde to the number which ships are built by two worthy Scottish-men called Mr. Balfoure and Mr. Sinclaire being both well accounted off by his Majestie who in like manner hath a Reprobane at Copmanhagen for making of Cords and Cables for his shipping and Kingdome where I was informed that in twenty foure houres time they were able to furnish the greatest ship the King had of Cables and of all other tackling and cordage necessary to set out the Ship Likewise by his Majesties Artizens within the Kingdome all sort of stuffes and silkes are woven sufficient to serve the Kingdome and his neighbours that please to buy Moreover this Kingdome is worthy commendation for the order of Iustice and Lawes having their Law-books deciding all controversies amongst them and if it come to any great difference the Kings Majestie as being above the Law sits in judgement as the Interpreter and Director of Iustice and according to his Princely dignity mitigates as pleaseth his Majestie the law and decides the controversie This Kingdome also is praise-worthy for the purity of their Gentry being as ancient and noble as any other Kingdome and can bragge of a puter and cleerer bloud of Gentility then many Nations can for they never ally or enter into marriage with any inferiour to themselves be they never so rich if they be Burgars or Plebeians they never marry with them and if one of their daughters will through love miscarry in her affection to marry a Citizen they will not thereafter doe so much as to honour her with their company but on the contrary shee loseth both her portion and honour not suffering her to carry the armes of her familie Moreover this Nation is praise-worthy for their entertaining of learning and of the liberall Sciences professed in their owne Vniversities where their children are well taught and trained up after a noble and heroick manner within their owne Kingdome not onely in their Studies of the liberall Sciences but also in their exercise of body as fencing dancing singing playing of Instruments and riding of horses and what else are noble Recreations as learning of forraine languages Spanish Italian French Dutch and such like and afterwards their youth being well travell'd returning from their Travells they attend on the Chancellarie as under-Secretaries to States-men to enable them to be profitable members in the Common-weale And being foris familiat according to their gifts and qualities they are preferred to Government and charges under his Majestie in all Provinces of the Kingdome of Denmarke Tewtland Holsten and Norway His Majestie also is praise-worthy for his Oeconomie in keeping of Store-houses to feed Oxen and stalles for keeping of milch Cowes whereof is received yearely great income of moneys for Butter and Cheese made in great quantitie by Hollanders in Denmarke Holsten and Yewtland which parts abound also with all sorts of Fish which inricheth his Majesties treasure infinitely together with their trading by Sea to the
are well rewarded when their followers are well disciplined 37 H. The opinion Subjects doe conceive of their Princes care in the conservation of his Kingdome moves them to obedience 43 P. Officers by their noble carriage and good example doe often encourage their followers to well-doing 55 B. Officers ought never out of ostentation to make choice of a weake Poste to defend as Seaton did at Trailsound 62 F. Officers or Souldiers that preferre their safetie before the reliefe of their Camerades may be justly called simple 72 S. P. The Properties of a valiant Souldier 72 S. Poule Leaguer called the Flesh-Leaguer where a great Oxe-hide was sold for a Can of Beere 15 N. The publique State being ruin'd he that lives at ease for his particular shall not escape from being ruin'd 59 D. Panick feare entering into Towne Strength or Armie is most dangerous in the night 73 W. Our Piety towards God and our reputation amongst men are the two things we ought to respect so long as we live 75 Y. Pittie never shines more cleerely than when shee is clad in steele 53 Z. A Pigeon carrying a Letter unto a beleaguered Towne taken and let loose 71 Q. R. Resolution is the most fortifying Armour a discreet man can weare 3 B. A Roman Captaine did tremble being victorious 16 N. Our Regiment was beholding to Duke Barnard of Wymar 19 R. A Reliefe in time is the most comfortable thing can come to a Souldier in time of hot service 23 W. The Roman Empire too little for a possession for the Prince Elector Palatine 37 I. Ravishers were punished with the losse of life and goods 44 Q. Remedies to hinder men from vice 44 R. Rutmaster Hoome and his Camerades helped to make the Scots retreat safe at Volgast 80 F. S. Scots readiest of all Nations to take a true Alarum 7 F. A Scots Suttler punished by Bees for his long stay 10 H. The Scots at Bisenberg resisted well the Storme 11 I. Souldiers of all professions should looke nearest to credit 14 M. Sinewes are added to the vertuous mind by noble actions and every one shall smell of that he is busied in 46 T. Scots Highland-men before Keel in necessitie made use of their swimming though wounded in their Clothes 55 B. Scots and English in forraine warre ever good seconds 60 E. A Souldier at Trailsound made a prettie reply to his Camerade being jeering 65 I. A Story notable of a Dragon and a Lyon 66 L. Sergeant Mackey and seven more killed in one night at Trailsound being all of our Regiment 68 M. A Stratagem whereby the Boores in Scotland made the English Horses to breake loose 70 Q. Seven hundred and threescore Shot of Cannon in one day were shot upon Frankendore in Trailsound 71 R. Spiney's Regiment entered into Trailsound 74 X. Souldiers are in policie like to the Crocodile for to make one another to fall they slime the wayes 76 Sir Alexander Lesly being made Governour of Trailsound conferred the credit of the first out fall on Spiney's Regiment 78 C. Sir Iohn Hume of Ayton being pittifully wounded was taken prisoner and dyed with the Enemy 78 C. A Servant that doth endanger his owne life for the reliefe of his Master testifies his true service as Mackenyee did 81 G. Sufferance in a noble manner begets love as Henry Lindesey dyed at Wolgast 80 T. T. Treatie or Still-stand the use of it 76 Trailsound became flourishing by their hopes having got Sir Alexander Lesly for their Governour 77 B. V. Vertue and wisedome are the best guards of safetie 42 M. VV. The Watch on the Elve surprised 24 X. Wounds gotten with credit are the best tokens of courage in a Souldier 23 W. Women are forbidden to shed teares for their children that dyed standing serving the Publique 26 Z. The wise man is onely the cunningest Fencer 42 N. Watch in beleaguered places is the maine point to be looked unto 64 H. In Warres Summum Ins is found to be Summa Injuria 64 H. Walestein his pride was great when he caused to kill the hurt Officers retired with slight wounds 69 O. A worthy Enemy reconciled can be a worthy Friend 77 A. That man is wise that is kinde to his Friend and sharpe to his Enemy but he is wiser that can entertaine his Friend in love and make his Enemy like him 77 A. THE LIST OF THE SCOTTISH OFFICERS IN CHIEFE CALLED the Officers of the Field that served his Majesty of Sweden Anno 1632. THE Marquesse of Hamilton Generall of the Brittish Army Sir Iames Spence Generall over Scots Sir Patrike Ruthven Governour of Vlme and since Generall Sir Alexander Lesly Governour over the Cities along the Baltique Coast and since Felt-marshall over the Army in Westphalia Generall Major Iames King since Lievetenant Generall Sir David Drummond Generall Major and Governour of Statin in Pomeren Sir Iames Ramsey Generall Major had a Regiment of Scots and since was Governour of Hanaw Colonells that served then of Scots My Lord of Rhees Mackey Colonell to a Briggad of Scots Sir Iohn Hephurne Colonell succeeded to command the Scottish Briggad and since was slaine in France Sir Iohn Ruthven Colonell to a Briggad of Dutch and since Generall Major Sir Iames Lumsdell Colonell to a Regiment of Scots Alexander Ramsey Colonell and Governour of Creutzenach Robert Lesly Colonell to a Regiment of Scots Robert Monro Baron of Fowles Colonell of Horse and Foore over Dutch and since died of his wounds at Vlme Iohn Monro of Obstell Colonell to a Regiment of Scots and since slaine on the Rhine in the Weteraw Lodovicke Lesly Colonell to a Regiment of Scots which was Sir Iohn Hamiltons Robert Monro Colonell to a Regiment of Scots which was my Lord of Rhees Iames Carre Colonell to a Regiment of Scots and since Generall Major Sir Fredricke Hamilton Colonell to a Regiment of Scots and Irish The Master of Forbesse Colonell to a Regiment of Scots Alexander Hamilton Colonell to a Regiment of Scots The Earle of Crawford Lindesey Colonell to a Foote Regiment of Dutch and since slaine William Baily Colonell to a Regiment of foote of Dutch Sir Iames Hamilton Colonell to a foote Regiment of Scots Iohn Forbesse Colonell to a foote Regiment of Dutch slaine in France Hugh Hamilton Colonell to a fote Regiment of Dutch Sir William Ballentine Colonell to a foote Regiment of English Sir Iames Ramsey Colonell to a foote Regiment of English and since died at London Alaxander Forbesse called Finnesse Forbesse Colonell to a Regiment of Finnes Walter Leckey Colonell to foote The English Colonells served then Colonell Austin Colonell to an English Regiment served in Germany Sir Iohn Cassells Colonell to a foote Regiment of English English Colonells which was levied by Sir Thomas Conway who was cast away on the coast of Denmarke with his Lievetenant Colonell George Stewart Sir George Fleetwood Colonell to a foote Regiment of English that served at this time in Spruce Scots Colonells that served at
this time in Sweden Leefland and Spruce Iames Seaton Colonell to foote of Swedes Colonell Kinninmond Colonell to foote of Swedes since dead Colonell Thomson Colonell to foote of Swedes since dead Colonell Scot Cloonell to foote of Finnes since dead William Cunninghame Colonell to foote of Scots in Spruce Francis Ruthven Colonell to foote of Dutch in Spruce Sir Iohn Meldrum Colonell in Spruce to foote Lievetenant Colonells who served then whereof since some have beene advanced Thomas Hume of Carolside Lievetenant Colonell of Horse since a Colonell in France Lievetenant Colonell Dowglas since a Colonell of Horse in Germany under the Swede Henry Muschamp Lievetenant Colonell since was a Colonell and was slaine at Nerling Alexander Lesly Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell to foote Alexander Cunninghame Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell to foote Lievetenant Colonell Vavazer since a Colonell to foote William Gunne Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell to foote of Dutch Iohn Lesly Lievetenant Colonell since Colonell to foote of Scots Lievetenant Colonell Finnesse Forbesse since a Colonell Alexander Forbesse called the Bald Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell Robert Stewart Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell Hector Monro Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell and being made Knight Baronet died at Hamburg and was buried at Buckstehood in the Oldland on the Elve Sir George Dowglas Lievetenant Colonell Lievetenant Colonells since Ambassadour for his Majesty of Great Britaine in Spruce died in Germany and was transported and buried in Scotland George Lesly Lievetenant Colonell since Colonell Iohn Lindesey of Bainshow Lievetenant Colonell since slaine at Newbrandenburg Lievetenant Colonell Monypenny Lievtenant Colonell to horse Alexander Lindesey Lievetenant Colonell since slaine in Bavier Iohn Sinclaire Lievetenant Colonell was slaine at Newmarke William Stewart Lievetenant Colonell succeeded to Sinclaire Henry Lindesey Lievetenant Colonell to Lesly the younger William Lindesey Lievetenant Colonell to Horse Iames Henderson Lievetenant Colonell to Foote Sir Arthur Forbesse Lievetenant Colonell to foote was slaine in combat neere Hamburg Robert Weere Lievetenant Colonell since slaine in Saxony Iohn Lyell Lievetenant Colonell to foote Iames Dickson Lievetenant Colonell since slaine in the Paltz Sandelens Lievetenant Colonell since slaine in the Paltz William Borthwicke Lievetenant Colonell to foote Macdowgall Lievetenant Colonell since slaine in Schwabland Iames Hepburne Lievetenant Colonell since slaine in France Robert Hannan Lievetenant Colonell to foote died in Alsas Iohn Monro Lievetenant Colonell to foote Robert Lumsdell Lievetenant Colonell to foote William Herring Lievetenant Colonell to foote Sir Iames Cunninghame Lievetenant Colonell to foote William Spence Lievetenant Colonell to foote Iohn Ennis Lievetenant Colonell to foote Poytaghee Forbesse Lievetenant Colonell to foote Iohn Forbesse of Tullough Lievetenant Colonell was slaine at Nerling George Forbesse Lievetenant Colonell to foote Alexander Hay Lievetenant Colonell of Dragoniers David Leslie Lievetenant Colonell to Horse Iames Drummond Lievetenant Colonell to horse Kinninmond the elder Lievetenant Colonell to foote Kinninmond the younger Lievetenant Colonell to foote Francis Sinclaire Lievetenant Colonell to foote Gordon Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell to foote of Dutch under the Crowne of Sweden Iohn Henderson Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell under the Emperour William Troope Lievetenant Colonell slaine in the Paltz Potley Lievetenant Colonell to foote under Sir George Fleetwood Arthur Mon-gorge Lievetenant Colonell to foote Iames Mongomry Lievetenant Colonell slaine in combat Scots Majors Major Ruthven slaine at Nerling Major Mill. Major Cunninghame Major Iohn Forbesse Major David King slaine at Nerling Major Bodwell slaine at Wertzburg Major Mackenyee since Generall adjutant under the Felt-marshall Lesly Major Sidserfe slaine at Nerling Major David Monro Major William Falconer Major Francis Sinclaire Major William Keith Major Sanderson Major William Bruntfield died of his wounds at Buckstehoode in the Oldland Diverse Captaines and inferiour Officers of the Nation followed the Army being in charge whom J omit out of this List MONRO HIS EXPEDITION JN GERMANY The first Part.  Moneths Weekes Dayes Dutch Miles TVesday the tenth of October 1626. from Cromartie in Scotland to Lugstad on the selve by Sea Dayes 5 300 Wee wintered in Holstein in good Quarters Moneths 6  From Lugstad on the Elve we marched to the Weser streame above Bremen Dayes 4 12 On the Weser streame we remained weekes Ten. 10  The tenth of Iuly 1627. we marched from the Weser to Bucstihoode Dayes 3 12 From the Oldland we crossed the Elve at Blanckenesse and continued our Expedition to Beysenburg on the Elve in Mechlenburg Dayes 3 10 At Beysenburg we rested Dayes five 5  From Beysenburg to Rapin in the Marke of Brandenburg we marched Dayes 6 18 At Rapin we rested daye Eight 8  From Rapin we retired to the Isle of Poole on the Baltique Coast having marchea Dayes 6 28 At Poole Leaguer we rested five weekes   From Poole by water to Heligenhoven Dayes 2 40 From Heligenhoven we marched to Oldenburg Day 1 3 At Oldenburg we were dayes three 3  From Oldenburg we retired in a night 1 3 From Heligenhoven on the Coast of Holsten to Flensborre by water Dayes 2 40 From Flensborre to Assens in Denmarke by water Dayes 5 50 Having arrived in Funeland in Denmarke we were quartered in Denmarke till we went to Trailsound being Eight Moneths 8  From Assens in Funeland we marched unto Lowland and crossed the Palt twice being on the March Dayes 5 14 Having arrived at Marbo in Lowland we quartered our Companies in Marbo Rubie and in Nicoppen where we lay in good Quarters foure Moneths   From Marbo we marched to Rubie in a Day 1 4 We lay three dayes and nights in extremity of cold weather in open Boats before Rubie attending a faire winde and in the end were forced to land and march a Day backe 1 4 The sixt of Aprill we marched to Rubie againe in one Day 1 4 From Rubie we sayled to Feamer and landed in a Day 1 16 From Feamer to Aikel-ford by water alongst the Coast of Holsten in one Day 1 16 From Aikel-ford againe being shipped we sayled alongst the coast before Kyel in one Day 1 18 From Kyel we returned by water unto Grottenbrodde in Holsten Dayes 2 34 At Grottenbrodde in Holsten we lay weekes three where we did worke and complete a Royall Leaguer and a Fort within it   From Feamer to Rubie by water we sayled backe unto Lowland 1 16 From Rubie to our Quarters in Marbo and Nicoppen where we lay weekes six in good Quarters 1 4 From Lowland to Alzenheur in Denmark we marched through Falster and Zealand Dayes 4 18 From Alzenheur we sayled unto Trailsound in Pomeren 2 60 At Trailsound being beleaguered we lay seven weekes where we had great paines and sustained great losse   From Trailsound we marched unto Wolgast Dayes 2 6 At Wolgast wee remained dayes Ten.   From Wolgast we sayled to Copmanhagen Dayes 2 60 At Copmanhagen in Denmark the Regiment was made complete againe and wee were
from the enemy in making them give ground he possessed the mill on the other side of the passe till the rest of the commanded Musketiers did follow the enemy to the Castle where Kniphowsen with his Forces did advance the passe being free His Majestie having given Orders where the Batteries should be made giving Generall Banier charge to attend the Armie as it begunne to grow darke his Majestie accompanied by Colonell Tivell went to appoint the place where the approaches should beginne where the Guards should be kept that were to guard the workmen in case of an out-fall where presently both the Guards and the men that should worke were commanded forth with sufficient Officers to oversee them Likewise there were men commanded from every Regiment proportionably for making the Batteries and a strong Guard was appointed to guard the Cannon against an out-fall others were commanded from every Regiment to make more Cannon Baskets and the Furiers with Convoyes were ordained to returne to Letts for bringing of Proviant to every Regiment This all orderly done he that had meate in his Knapsacke being free of dutie could invite his Camerade to supper and make merry till he were commanded on dutie himselfe where divers did eate that were not sicke on the morrow The enemy perceiving the next morning the Guards by the approaches saluted them with Cannon and Musket and were saluted againe though not so kindly as friends doe one another The service continued the whole day his Majestie oft visiting the Castle being hardest prest as of most consequence for the Castle once wonne the Towne could not hold out Vpon the Castle were seaven Companies of Colonell Holks Regiment who fearing to be blowne up by a Mine entred in treatie and were content to take service under his Majestie and to render their Colours which immediatly was agreed upon and their Colours brought to be planted and spred on our Batteries as tokens of his Majesties victory The Cannon in the meane time from our Batteries thundring till night on their workes they begunne to be discouraged finding the Castle was given over they were out of hopes to maintaine the Towne longer The next morning Captaine Beaton of our Regiment having the guard in the Trenches the enemy falling out strong the Dutch retired and gave ground while our folke maintained their Poast valiantly in sight of his Majesty who commanded Generall Bannier with some Musketiers of Here-Tyvells Regiment and ours led on by Major Potley an English Cavalier of good worth to second the Guards and to beate backe the enemy in plaine champagne Generall Bannier advanced the enemy playing hard with cannon on them Notwithstanding whereof entering the skirmish the enemy was beate backe not without great losse on both sides where I cannot but commend Bannier his carriage being in sight of his King as his Majesty did commend our Nation for their good behaviour and charity for a Captaine of Banniers Regiment being left for dead on the field his countrimen for feare refusing to bring him off he was voluntarily brought off by our countrimen to their great praise who after disdaining his Camerades and thanking our countrimen he died of paine and agony before night After this show made of courage by the besieged they being discouraged desired a Parle where Major Greeneland an English Cavalier then serving the Emperour was sent out to make the accord with his Majesty pledges delivered by both the accord agreed on was subscribed where it was concluded the Governour should march out with flying Colours and Armes and with two peeces of Ordinance with bâ—g and baggage and a convoy to the next Emperiall Garrison providing the Governour should leave behinde him all cannon being threescore peeces of Brasse all store of Amunition and victuall and all spare Armes and to march forth precisely the next day by twelve of the clocke But had the Governour the Duke of Savellie bin so valorous as those he commanded he might in respect of the season situation of the Towne have kept the City a moneth longer so that to our Iudgments he was no good Souldier knowing his Generall was able to relieve him The enemy thus march't away and his Majesty having beset the Garrison heareing Generall Tylly with a strong Army had taken resolution to visit his Majesty in Maclenburgh he stood not long on advisement but out of hand disposed of his Army couragiously wisely and circumspectly as the event did witnesse his Majesties good command an resolution Damaine beset with Swedens Generall Bannier was ordained to stay there for to command the Garrison and to keepe correspondence with his Majesties and with others in case of Tyllies coming Generall Major Kniphowsen was sent with his owne Regiment and six companies of my Lord of Rhees commanded by his Lievetenant Colonell Bainshâ—w to lie at new Brandenburg Major Sinclair with two companies was ordained to lie at Triptowe the Grave Fonottenburg with his Majesties Regiment of horse and my squadron of Foote was appointed to lie at Malchene his Majesty himselfe with the rest of the Army were to lie at Pooswell being the passe unto Pomeren and to the Oder Felt-marshall Horne being recall'd with his forces from Landsberg was ordained to lie at Freedland all having their instructions and orders in writ which they durst not passe one jot to th' end that where ever Tyllies Army would settle the rest of our Army from the severall Garrisons should come together to relieve the party besieged if his Majesty thought fitting So leaving Damaine having lost three hundred men before it our march houlds out according to our severall orders and instructions The fifth Observation ALL things were atchieved unto here by the goodnesse of a glorious order being seconded with skilfull and valorous Officers and Souldiers obedient even unto death every one by revolution keeping his certaine time and turne and that with strictnesse each being greedy of their owne honour and advancement under this noble King and Generall who liked of no wicked Souldier living out of compasse and rule such as were birds of the Divells hatching all such were banished from this Army that was led by Pious and religious Gustavus of never dying memory who could not abide any that would profaine Gods ordinance or that refused to give obedience to good orders Here at Letts before our rising to Dameine I could not but pitty though an enemy the Italian Governour that commanded in Letts who suffered himselfe the place and his followers to be surprised knowing of the Armies approach for we see by his example that goods evill conquest with great paines are soone lost going away with wings swifter then the winde whereof Histories are full of examples to which purpose I will inferre one story I have reade of Hugolene Gerrardesque Depise as records Paulus Aemilius in the eighth booke of the French story This Hugolene being a Commander for the Pope over the Guelfes having chased a part of the Gibelins
that were with the Emperour terrifying the rest he became so greatly renowned amongst his owne folke that he commanded what he pleased and was made Lord and Governour of a City as this Italian was here being accounted noble rich magnificent and learned he was married having good issue he abounded in all riches more then he could desire or wish being counted happy and at his case according to his owne minde and the opinion of his friends he made a feast on his birth day and having assembled his friends being merry he fell in commendation of his owne worth and honour extolling himselfe above the Clouds so farre that he begun to aske of one of his neerest friends if he thought he lacked any thing to make him happy the other considering the uncertainty of worldly affaires and the deceitfull vanities thereof that perish in a moment when the Lord pleaseth but to breath said certainely the wrath of God cannot be farre from this thy great prosperity Incontinent the Forces of the Gibelins begining to stirre unexpected come about the lodging breake in through the Ports kill his children and take himselfe who begging life being refused was miserably murthered and all his goods taken by the enemy in Italy in the yeare 1288. to teach all mortall men not to glory too much in uncertaine riches that come but slowly and goe away swiftly Those men that are meanely risen may justly be checked here that when they have attained unto wealth riches and honour presently they will begin to counterfeit the Nobility pressing to tread in their foote steps though not belonging unto them for wealth attained unto it may be by unlawfull meanes should not make the owners too proud of it lest suddenly it may be lost as chanced to Hugolene Neverthelesse some fantastick Officers that cannot governe themselves nor their wealth they will hunt and hawke with traines on Princes bounds as I have knowne some doe being abroad thinking themselves equall to Princes whereof they were farre short and they will have their silver plate their gold their silver their Iewells their Coaches their horses their traines and Officers of houshold counterfeiting greatnesse and great men having it may be but little worth besides suffering themselves in their Pompe to be surprized their goods taken from them and then to be cast in a close dungeon or prison till they die for want the reward of their pride whereas it had beene better they had lived with greater sobriety and modesty and then if misfortune should happen unto them they would be the more respected and consequently the sooner set at liberty I have read of Cavaliers that served long and truely with credit whose mindes were not set on outward things perishable but rather their hunting was after a good name renowne and credit to leave behinde them when all other things might be stripped from them which in my opinion were more to be commended then those that would counterfeit worth being without it But on the contrary I have knowne some Cavaliers that hunted after credit did gaine much renowne and were rich in credit though poore otherwise leaving no more houshold stuffe behinde them but a spit and a pot being so given to sobriety in their life times that sometimes they were contented with a morsell of dry bread from a souldier Not that I would have any Cavalier that hath merited well to be carelesse to maintaine himselfe in credit according to his charge if by lawfull meanes he can doe it and if plenty increaseth I would wish him timely to dispose of it for his neerest friends or succession in a part and the overplus I would wish him to bestow for the weale of the publique and the adorning of his country that after his death the monuments of his vertue and Trophees of his victories might live and speake to succeeding ages that such a one hunted well in attaining unto honour and perpetuall renowne and credit Here also by the example of a worthy Master and Leader being the Phoenix of his time for a Generall that he who hath seene his variable essaies and learned to lay up the same in store if he follow but his Masters precepts and observe his orders he cannot but in time merit the title of a judicious Commander and doubtlesse one day having past his prentiship well under such a Master he cannot but merit honour and reward and then may be made choise of for the service of his King and country before those who had not such experience under such a Leader In remembrance of whom I will inferre an accident happened his Majesty of famous memory the time of his beleaguering His Majesty walking alone on a marrish that was frozen of intention with a prospective glasse to spie into the enemies workes the Ice breaking his Majesty falls up to the middle in water being neere my Guarde where Captaine Dumaine did command who seeing his Majesty fall in went towards him of intention to helpe him out which his Majesty perceiving lest the enemy might take notice of them both his Majesty wagged his hand that the Captaine might retire which the enemy perceiving shot above a thousand shot of Musket at his Majesty who at last wrought himselfe loose coming off without hurt and sat a while by our guardefire The Captaine being a bold spoken gentleman well bred and of good language begun very familiarly to finde fault with his Majesty for his forwardnesse in hazarding his Majesties person in such unnecessary dangers on whom at that time the eyes of all Europe were fixed expecting their freedome and reliefes from the tyranny of their enemies to come from his Majesty and in case any misfortune or sinister accident as God forbid should happen unto his Majesty what then would become of his Majesties confederates and which was worst what would become of many brave Cavaliers of fortune who had no further hopes then to live and to be maintained under his Majesty their Leader His Majesty having heard the Captaine patiently thanked him for his good counsell and he could not but confesse his owne fault which he could not well helpe seeing his minde was so that he thought nothing well done which he did not himselfe and so went to dinner where before he changed his wet clothes in a could Tent he called for meate and dined grossely and taking a great draught of wine went and changed his clothes and immediatly coming forth againe while as the enemy had fallen out as was said before in the discharge The time of this out-fall our Souldiers being commanded under Major Potley to beate backe the enemy going on service there happened a merry Accident to one of our Country-men then Ensigne to my Colonells Company called Iames Lyle being in sight of his Majestie going downe a a steepe hill the enemy playing hard with Cannon the Ensigne happened to fall forwards the winde blowing off his Periwigge which tumbled downe the hill the Major sware a great oath the
defender but rather according to the time and circumstances sometimes to try Fortune as well by pursuing as by defending that our credit may not be called in question neither for too much slownesse nor for too much forwardnesse but still to presse for the Medioerity being the true vertue of Fortitude without which no Souldier can attaine commendation if he doe participate of either extreames as this Felt-marshall did staying within walles Yet some I know will object that I ought rather to praise the actions of the enemy to make ours the more glorious to which I answer ours at all times as here were so splendid that no Lustre could be added unto them our Leader Gustavus being Illustrissimus himselfe and the favourite of Fortune to whom all things succeeded fortunatly by taking of time the most pretious of all things especially in warres which sometimes helpes as much as vertue it selfe The forwardnesse and courage of Major Iohn Sinclaire and of his Colleague Lievetenant Heatlie is not to be over-past they being the first gave good example to enter this Towne in going over the walles with ladders with a weake party of fifty musketiers that ventured to follow them which were hardly received by the enemies horsemen neverthelesse they valorously defended themselves and made their enemies to retire with losse so that as my intention here is not to over-praise my friends vertue I would not on the other part be filent in giving them their due answerable to their merits and no more We see also by experience dayly that at all times as here no man ever served God for nought who rewardeth men though not through merit in respect of his God-head of whom we can merit nothing yet of his infinit bounty is ever ready to reward them truely that doe serve him his Majesty with his Army having served God in the morning at night he was made victorious over his enemies And that his Majesty in the afternoone on the Sabboth pursued his enemies there was a necessity in it Generall Tillies Army being on their march for the reliefe of the Towne his Majesty was forced to take the opportunity of time which once being past doth never returne Here we may see the evill that seare bringeth within a City or Strength causing disorder and confusion but if all those within this Towne had stood to their defence as Lievetenant Colonell Butler did and the Irish Francford had not bin taken Therefore when resistance is not made as it ought to be the victory is easily attained for nothing encourageth more then good example Et contra And I did observe here that no nation esteemed good Souldiers are inferiour to the Dutch in maintaining a storme or in extremity of danger they being otherwise good Souldiers for obedience to command in watches marches working about workes and in doing all other dueties befitting their profession being in company of others Pike-men being resolute men shall be ever my choyce in going on execution as also in retiring honourably with disadvantage from an enemy especially against horsemen and we see oftimes as we found here that when musketiers doe disbandon of greedinesse to make booty the worthy pike-men remaine standing firme with their Officers guarding them and their Colours as being worthy the glorious name of brave Souldiers preferring vertue before the love of gold that vanisheth while vertue remaineth This vice of avarice is alike common to the superiour Officer and to the inferiour Souldier which oftimes makes the superiour to be despised as well by the common Souldier as by his betters And therefore publique imployments of command should never be given to such greedy persons for as sparing in a private person is commendable being done without hurt to another even so the vertue of liberality is due to him that is publiquely imployed as also he ought to have splendor in his carriage and not to give evill example to others his inferiours if once he be honoured with command in leading of others I must then againe condemne this kinde of avarice that makes men for booty abandon their Colours and their duety they being the cause of times of the overthrow of their worthy Camerades standing to fight when they were employed in making of booty for which many time they are contemned and their money taken from them by the multitude with disgrace and danger of their lives for though sometimes they make booty they have not the fortune to enjoy it one quarter of an houre thanking God to be rid of it with their lives though not with their credits It is the duety of valiant Commanders and of brave Souldiers when ever fire entreth into a City strength or Leager suddenly with their Armes to repaire to their Colours lest at such times the enemy being neere hand should be ready to take advantage but here the baser sort of Souldiers neither for obedience to his Majesties command nor for love of their Officers nor of their owne credits would stirre to attend their Colours though the enemy had shewed himselfe to pursue the City Here also the enemy was to blame for leaving provision and Amunition behinde them whose duety it was rather to destroy it by fire or water then to leave it to their enemies But we see there is no counsell against the Lord invented by man able to worke blessed be his name for ever The ninth Dutie discharged of the intaking of Laudsberg on the Wert by accord THE fifth of Aprill 1631. his Majesty having left Francford on the Oder well beset under the command of Generall Major Lesly who had direction to see the fortifications repaired as likewise Generall Bannier was left to command over the Army his Majesty having taken two and twenty hundred commanded musketiers eight hundred horsemen twelve peece of Cannon great and small with Amunition answerable with spades shovels and axes where the Colonell of the Artillery called Leonard Richardson was commanded to goe with them for to attend his charge As also Colonell Hepburne was commanded to leade the party and I was sent as Lievetenant Colonell to second him in this employment Colonell Hepburne having viewed the party and taken notice that all things were in good order commanded the party to march having had a blacke-smith that dwel't at Landsberg for our guide we continued our march the first day being come within foure miles of the Towne we quartered at a passe on the high way and the next morning breaking up we marched forwards till on the way our fore troopes did meete with a Regiment of Crabbats where after long skirmish and losse sustained by both the parties in th' end the Colonell that led the Crabbats being deadly wounded retired to the Towne casting off all bridges behinde them which hindered us for a day The eight of Aprill we lay downe before a skonce royall built on a strong passe betwixt us and the Towne This skonce well fortified was well provided of Cannon It had also a wide
Graffe of running water and a draw-bridge which was taken up at our coming and then they discharged their Cannon on us where at first there were killed some six Souldiers the night drawing on our watches set forth I was appointed by his Majesty to be Captaine of the watch being ordained to oversee the making of the Batteries As also I was commanded to set forwards our workes both for intrenching and for running our lines of approach to the skonce wherein I was so busied that the whole night I went never off my feete but from one part to another having had sundry Alarums though not of continuance His Majestie having taken quarters in the neerest Dorpe he left two Rutters to attend on me that if the enemy should fall out against us incontinent one of them might be sent to acquaint his Majestie who having rested for that right coming before day to visit the workes and finding them not so farre advanced as he did expect he falls a chiding of me notwithstanding of my diligence used the whole night in keeping the Souldiers still at worke with the small number of materialls we had to worke with But no excuse though true would mitigate his passion till he had first considered on the circumstances and then he was sorry he had offended me without reason But his custome was so that he was worse to be pleased in this kinde than in any other his Commands being ever impatient when workes were not advanced â—o his minde and the truth is our Country Souldiers cannot endure to worke like the Dutch neither when they have taken paines can they worke so formally as others Our batteries being readie against the morning the whole day our Cannon played on the Skonce so fast as they could be charged but to no purpose the earthen wall being so thicke and so well set together that they scorned us and our Cannon both His Majestie seeing nothing to be effectuated this way resolved to try a second way by the advise of the Black-smith that knew all the passages towards the Towne notwithstanding that the whole land on that side was covered over with water This Black-smith advised his Majestie to cause a Float-bridge to be made and then setting over the water he would lead us through shallow passes where we might come behinde the Skonce cutting off their passage from the Towne and then the Skonce wanting reliefe might be ours According to this plot his Majestic commanded Lievetenant Colonell Dowbatle with two hundred and fiftie Dragoniers for foote and me with two hundred and fiftie Musketiers to follow the Black-smith and to surprize the enemies Guard which being done by us we were commanded to make the place good till Colonell Hepburne with a thousand Musketiers should be sent after to second us Dowbatle and I having fortunately surprized the Guard making them retire to the Towne leaving the Skonce in our power Colonell Hepburne being advanced towards the Skonce tooke it in on accord and the Souldiers were made to take service and their Officers made prisoners In this time Dowbatle his Dragoniers having followed the enemy with hot skirmish within shot of their walles his powder being spent desired I should fall on and relieve him and his as I did continuing the service till we made the enemy retire over a bridge that was hard by the Towne so that I was forced for our owne safeties having lost divers Souldiers that were killed with the Cannon to divide my Souldiers making the halfe of them to cast up a running Trench while as the rest were hot skirmishing with the enemy being in danger of both Cannon and Musket but my Souldiers once getting in the ground we fortified our selves against their Cannon and resolved in case of their out falling to maintaine the ground we had formerly wonne with the losse of our bloud having lost in one halfe houre above thirtie Souldiers whereof fix were killed with the Cannon The enemy finding the Skonce was lost and us so farre advanced on the strongest side Feltmarshall Horne with his Forces marching on the other side that was weakest they presently did send a Drummer on our side to parlé for quarters whom I received and being hood-wink't he was sent with a Convoy to his Majestie who condescended to the Treatie and pledges being delivered the Treatie went on the Accord subscribed his Majestie came and thanked Dowbatle and us for our good service where large promises were made unto us of reward and to Colonell Hepburne also for taking in of the Skonce The enemy being strong in the Towne and above twice our strength his Majestie resolved to send to Francford for more Forces both of horse and foote to come to him before the enemy was suffered to march out of the Towne to whom conditions were granted to transport foure pieces of Ordnance and the Souldiers to march out with full Armes bagge and baggage with Drummes beating and flying Colours and a Convoy of Horsemen towards Glogoe His Majestie having beset the Garrison as soone as they marched out having seene their strength we were ashamed of their carriage being the eldest Troopes and the choice by report of the whole Imperiall Armie who cowardly did give over such a strong Towne being without necessitie and in hope of reliefe One of my Captaines called Dumaine having contracted a feaver here before Lansberg being removed to Francford died there and being buried my Lievetenant David Monro was preferred to be Captaine of his Company and Ensigne Burton was made Lievetenant and Bullion his brother having taken his passe my Sergeant Andrew Rosse was made Ensigne to Captaine David and William Bruntfield was preferred to be my Lievetenant and Mongo Gray Ensigne This Towne being taken both Pomeren and the Markes of Brandenburg were cleered of the Emperialists being sent up unto Silesia The next Sabbath his Majestie that was ever ready to reward good servants for vertue he caused to make our guide the Black-smith being a stout fellow and a craftie Burgo-master of the Towne who did get from his Majestie two hundred Duckets besides His Majestie on the Sabbath day in the afternoone suffered the principall Officers of his Armie such as Generall Banier and Lievetenant Generall Bawtis and divers others to make merry though his Majestie did drinke none himselfe for his custome was never to drinke much but very seldome and upon very rare considerations where sure he had some other plot to effectuate that concerned his advancement and the weale of his State The ninth Observation THis Towne of Lansberg being a Frontier Garrison lying neare the borders of Pole on the Wert the having of it made Pomeren sure and the Marke giving unto his Majestie the freer passage unto Silesia and therefore it was that his Majestie did use the greater diligence and celeritie in obtaining of it with as great honour and reputation as could be imagined in respect of the inequalitie of strength betwixt us and our enemies As also in
one of the Duke of Brandenburgs hunting houses and from thence we marched to Berlin where his Majestie was Royally entertained by the Duke and that his Majestie might thinke he was welcome after the feast the Castle of Spandaw was delivered in his Majestie custodie where incontinent Colonell Axellilly with foure hundred Swedes were left in Garrison being a strength one of the fastest in Germanie fortified well with Fossées and Countersharpes of free stone and an earthen wall above having one hundred and fiftie pieces of Cannon on it and Armes for twentie thousand foote and horse with Amunition answerable Provided also sufficiently with store of victualls for an Armie of ten thousand men for a long space and though the Garrison were Swedes they were sworne to obey the Duke and his Majestie was obliged by his Royall word past to the Duke to restore it againe when ever the Duke desired to have it if the Duke of Saxony should not joyne with his Majestie against the Emperour The third day after the agreement the whole Armie brake up and marched to another passe three miles from Spandaw called Spotsdamme where we lay not intrencht the space of ten dayes till his Majesties Ambassadours were returned from the Duke of Saxon with an answer that the Duke would not assist his Majestie for the reliefe of Madeburg neither yet would the Duke grant to his Majestie free passage through his Country which was the losse of many poore soules within Madeburg being cut off by the crueltie of Generall Tillies Armie having surprized the Towne that was never taken before sparing neither man woman nor childe but putting all alike cruelly to death and in the end the Towne was burnt downe which was occasioned by the breach of the Dukes promise in not assisting his Majestie of Sweden being on his march to relieve it His Majestie not assured of the Duke of Brandenburg behinde him our Armie turning faces about we marched backe to Spandaw and lay downe in the Fields in order of Battaile where we remained certaine dayes till such time as it behoved his Majestie for keeping of his Royall word to restore backe to the Duke the Castle of Spandaw and his Majesties Garrison being brought out it was manned againe by the Dukes Forces The castle restored his Majesty was so incensed against the Duke though his owne brother in law that he sware to take in Berlin which was the Dukes residence as also he was resolved to take the Duke prisoner except he would joyne in confederacy with him without the Duke of Saxon whereupon our Army did breake up and marched towards Berlin in hostile manner and lying downe before it the Duke not able to resist entred in a Treaty with his Majesty and to move his Majesty the more the Dutchesse and her mother with a traine of Great Ladies came to the fields to entertaine his Majesty with offering in the Dukes name all due respect to his Majesty and promising all things should be done by the Duke what his Majesty would desire To which his Majesty answered merrily that if the Duke would not end with him friendly before night he would send the Dutchesse and all the Ladies prisoners to Sweden and the Duke should follow Incontinent the treaty begun the Duke getting short time to resolve was forced to end with his Majesty and to joyne in confederacie with him offensive and defensive against the Emperour and that without the Saxons consent and in the treaty it was concluded the Duke should give a great supply of men monies and Artillery to his Majesty for the advanceing of the warres besides the ordinary inquartering of his Majesties Army and the paiments of the monethly contribution out of the Dukes lands was also agreed upon and Commissioners were appointed for the ingathering of the first tearmes contribution during which collection his Majesties Army was laid in quarters to refresh them till his Majesty should retire from Statin being gone thither to give presence to the Russian Ambassadour and his Majesty being returned from Statin the twenty ninth of Iune he quartered in my quarters in Barnow where we had orders given us to be in readinesse to march to old Brandenburg on the first of Iuly The tenth Observation HIS Majesty could never be assured of the Princes friendship till first he had forced their enemies to give ground being made to leave behind them Pomeren Maclenburg and the three markes of Brandenburg without any Emperiall Garrison except one was left in Gripswald but so soone as the Duke of Brandenburg did see the enemy retiring and his Majesty prevailing he then begun to enter in treaty and to give his Majesty assurance of his loyall friendship by subscribing of certaine Articles condescended upon betwixt them at Barleene in Iune 1631. On this march though short we had many variable resolutions and changes which wëre caused by the changable accidents happening in the course of this warre which made his Majesties resolutions to vary as the time changed sometimes through feare of his strong enemy sometimes by suspecting the Princes who were also affrighted and feared being astonished in their mindes they were not able to discerne what was most profitable for them so that their doubting and feare suffered them not to hazard any notable thing in assisting his Majesty against their common enemy but still lingred to joyne with his Majesty expecting the enemy would prevaile and then they would joyne with the Master of the fields as ordinarily is done over all Dutchland in all degrees from the highest to the lowest they wagge as the bush doth resolving ever to quit their best friends in adversity Here we see the inconstancy of the Dukes friendship that will not be friends as well in adversity as in prosperity for when fortune favours us all the world would seme to laugh on us but when we are but once kik'tin the heele with any malignant chance of misfortune then our supposed friends fly from us at a farre distance while they see us like to be tossed by the Tempest of adversity But as soone as they see the Tempest over-past and fortune beginning to smile on us againe then begin they as the Princes did to returne and to defire to be made partakers of our good fortunes though they had no minde to taste of the bitter cup of his Majesties adversity but once seeing the sweete commodity of the peace which they their country and subjects did reape by his Majesties valour with the hazard of his person and the lives of many Cavaliers who followed him then their enemies being farre removed from them they desire his Majesty for their Admirall to attend when he makes saile having seene he did valiantly ride out the storme promising againe when his sailes were full to bide by him and to follow him till death should sunder them But if they had bin generously minded they had imbraced the danger and taken part with his Majesty when honour was to be
certaine quantity of the workes about the Leaguer appointed for us within foure dayes to complete and make ready during which time Robert Monro Furer to Captaine Hector his Colours died of the Pest and was much regrated being a youth of good hopes Here also did dye of the plague Segeant Robert Monro Cull-crags sonne and Andrew Monro was executed at Statin for having contrary to his Majesties Articles and discipline of warre beaten a Burger in the night within his owne house for whose life there was much solicitation made by the Dutchesse of Pomeren and sundry noble Ladies but all in vaine yet to be lamented since divers times before he had given proofe of his valour especially at the siege of Trailesound in his Majesties service of Denmarke where he was made lame of the left arme who being young was well bred by his Parents at home and abroad in France though it was his misfortune to have suffered an examplary death for such an over-sight committed through sudden passion being Summumjus in respect that the party had forgiven the fault but the Governour being a churlish Swede would not remit the satisfaction due to his Majesty and justice The eleventh Observation THIS Regiment in nine yeeres time under his Majesty of Denmarke and in Dutch land had ever good lucke to get good quarters where they did get much good wine and great quantity of good beere beginning first with Hamburg beere in Holsten and after that in Denmarke they had plenty of Rustocke beere and now at Barnoe and thereafter they tasted the good Calvinists beere at Serbest and our march continuing out of low Germany towards the upper Circles of the Empire as in Franconia Swabland Elsas and the Paltz they were oft merry with the fruits and juice of the best berries that grew in those Circles for to my knowledge they never suffered either penury or want I being the Leader but oftimes I did complaine and grieve at their plenty seeing they were better to be commanded when they dranke water then when they got too much beere or wine But my choice of all beeres is Serbester beere being the wholsomest for the body and cleerest from all filth or barme as their Religion is best for the soule and cleerest from the dregs of superstition Being once at dinner with the Rex Chancellor of Sweden having drunke good Seebester beere he asked me what I thought of that beere I answered it pleased my taste well he replied merrily no wonder it taste well to your palat being it is the good beere of your ill religion I asked his Excellence how the good wine on the Rhine would tafte at Mentz being the good wine of a worse religion he answered he liked the wine and the beere better than both the Religions But I said to be his Excellence neighbour neare Mentz in the Paltz at Crewtsenach I would be content to keepe mine owne Religion and to drinke good Rhinish wine for my life time Nothing is more necessary on a march then to keepe good discipline without which there is no order nor feare of God amongst Officers that will suffer their Souldiers to grinde the faces of the poore by oppression from whence oftimes doth come the unfortunat and unhappy events of warlike enterprises and expeditions for where the feare of God is taken away there the common-weale must needes decay and then the ruine of the people doth follow Likewise we see here that all that come to the warres as many foolish men doe thinke are not killed but some die through one kinde of death and some by another so that we ought ever be prepared and ready not knowing how when or where to die Happy then is that man that is prepared to die as if he should die to morrow for many have I seene rise well in the morning the time of these warres who went not to bed at night Our care then should be still to meditate on the end that it may be good and then doubtlesse we shall die well The infection being great at this time in Brandenburg I contracted a sodaine fit of sicknesse that was vehement and therefore did not continue above forty eight houres It was so vehement that if I had not suddenly overcome it doubtlesse it had overcome me but praised be God then I banished death by imagination as I did divers times before yet at last I know he will have about with me but my confidence is that by the helpe of the Conqueror I will overcome him in th' end as my Captaine and Leader hath done who is gone before me and opened a Dore to me to enter at where I may sing Triumphing over my enemies with those that follow the Lambe in the Communion of the Saints blessed for ever The twelfth Duty discharged of our March from Brandenburg over the Elve at Tangermound and from thence to Werben IN the middest of Iuly our Army did breake up from Brandenburg and marched towards Ratenough the Emperialists having left it being marched towards Tangermound his Majesty advanced with the commanded Musketiers and a strong party of horse who having set through the River of the Elve they surprized the enemy at Werben where a Lievetenant Colonell was taken prisoner and then after Colonell Dowbatle with his Dragoniers did take in by surprize also Tangermound before his Majesty was come with the party and being come immediatly he caused to set over the River a ship-bridge which was fortified before the entry over which our foote Army did passe and our horse with the Cannon Amunition and baggage did wade through the River where never one was seene to passe with Cannon before so that without impediment our Cannon and baggage for the most part came safely through but those waggons that were lightest being loaden with Boores trash as it came lightly so it went lightly with the streame Et meritò The Emperialists at Carleben hearing we had crossed the Elve tooke them to their flight to provide betimes for their winter quarters Wolmerstat also was taken by a weake party of our horsemen having heard our Army had crossed the River of the Elve such a feare came among them that they never looked behinde them but still fled directing Poast upon Poast to Generall Tillie to retire backe from During being minded unto Hessen who receiving newes of his Majesties crossing the Elve he turning faces about with his whole Army continued his expedition backward to finde us at Werben before we could be intrenched as he thought But where he did but march with his Army in the day time we with spades and shovells wrought our selves night and day in the ground so that before his coming we had put our selves out of danger of his Cannon Generall Bannier with the rest of our Army coming after us tooke in Hagleberg in his way and beset it with a strong Garrison where Generall Major Kagg did command to whom was conjoyned my cozen Fowles his Regiment after he
those were hurt The day thus past I was relieved at night and the next morning before day Generall Tilly made a shew of on-falling on our Leaguer by making all his Trumpets to sound and his Drummes to beate making a great noise we being prepared to receive them The morning being darke with a cloudy mist so that none could see the enemy being retired with his Army having broke up at night he marched towards Tangermonde and the day being cleared up his Majestie with a strong partie went forth to drive up their Reare with six small pieces of Ordnance even to the body of their maine Armie which consisted then of twenty-six thousand men while as we were not in the Leaguer and at Hagleberg twelve thousand men foote and horse till afterwards that the Feltmarshall Gustavus Horne did come from the Oder towards Ratene with foure thousand complete Souldiers and Generall Tilly having lyen some few dayes at Tangermonde suffering daily losses by his Majesties parties at length through scarcitie of victualls he was forced to march unto Hall and in the Saxons Country being made weaker by six thousand men than he came downe having had to doe with the Invincible Gustavus who still did out-shoot him out of his owne Bowe having had the right hand of the LORD for his assistance The thirteenth Observation HIS Majestie wisely made choice of a fit place for his Leaguer being commodious for transportation of victualls unto his Armie without being in danger of his enemies In like manner we see his Majesties wisedome in making his friends sure behinde him viz. the Duke of Brandenburg the Dukes of Pomeren and Machlenburg from whence his victualls and his supplies must needs come and as his Leaguer was commodious for furnishing the Armie so it was commodiously situated for defence against the enemy the one halfe or backe being naturally defended by the course of the water running by and on the other side it was defended by the Towne and by the helpe of the old Dike which easily was fortified His Majesties wisedome also was seene by keeping of his Souldiers still in Action never suffering them to be idle as a wise Generall ought to doe for either they were imployed on marches or lying still in working or in fighting by parties or in grosse as occasion offered For this Generall knew well that he was but the carrion of a man and not a man that did live idle having in a living body but a dead minde Here also I did remarke and observe Homo homini quid interest for we finde a great difference betwixt his Majesties welcoming of Tilly to Werben and the Felt-marshall Twifenbacke his welcome made to his Majestie before Francford on the Oder who never did present himselfe in the Fields though almost as strong as we were but here we finde the contrary that notwithstanding of Tillies strength being twenty-six thousand men Gustavus was not afraid to have invaded his fore-Troopes with a weake partie and did defeate them shewing unto us the difference betwixt Commanders by his owne valourous example incouraging his little Armie before the enemies coming he would not first meete his enemy with an Army but having strengthened his Leaguer with Baniers Forces and called in his weake Garrisons from danger and then taking all victualls out of his enemies way bringing it within his Leaguer he then armed with courage and resolution adventures to Rancounter his enemy with a partie and having tryed them to their losse he retired againe with credit preparing his Leaguer being strongly beset with men Amunition and victualls he was not afraid to be taken unawares as the French were within Philopsburg not being provided to oppose their enemies for their sloath they were cruelly muichered Teaching others by their examples not to trust too much in securitie be the place never so strong if they be left unto themselves and grow carelesse they must needs suffer under the Tyranny of their enemies Likewise his Majestie not trusting to his owne wisedome he did call his chiefe Officers to Counsell asking them what was to be done as wise Commanders ought to doe and finding them all by silence to relie on his Majesties will giving Orders for all things that were to be done before their coming he resolved to stand to it being truely couragious as he did not adventure rashly without asking his Officers advice knowing once their resolution agreeable to his owne he was not inconsiderately afraid of his enemies strength though mightie and strong neither was he unprovided against their coming His Majesties dexteritie of Command is seene here by the order of his discipline in giving good orders for watching First he divided the Postes and appointed what footmen or Briggad should watch on the severall Posts as they were severally fortified by themselves to the end no man might blame their owne worke for insufficiency to hold out the enemy As also he appointed severall Briggads of horse to second the Postes severally every one knowing where to repaire in time of service As also he did instruct them of the manner they were to fight in resisting the enemies entry As also in case of their entry he did instruct both foote and horse how and in what manner they should be repulsed againe promising according to his wonted Custome to be a Companion both of their travells and dangers and that he should never leave them till first they should quit him and that he would promise as he was a Royall King A worthy saying of a worthy King and Generall whose prudence and wisedome in Command was ever answerable to the dignitie of his majesticke person that ought and should be endued with infinite vertues since infinite were those things he had to foresee and which are needfull for a man of his place Infinite chances and altogether divers every moment were set before him in so much that Arges Eyes were too few for him not onely in respect of the weight of his Command but also in respect of the wit and prudence which was requisit for him All other commands belonging to a Souldier are so inferiour to this of a Generall that almost they are nothing in respect of this who amongst others his great gifts he must know severly to command and softly to beare with others As also he must learne patiently to give place to others contumacy and he must not onely be powerfull to strengthen for his owne affaires but also he must weaken his enemies and chiefely he must make warre by policy without giving battell or travell as this wise Generall did deale twice with old Tillie who was forced after a long march having but visited him and seene his orders to retire againe with the losse of many men without any detriment or hurt at all to his Majesties owne litle Army which he kept ever to the best by preserving them from their enemies and by supplying of them as they became weake so that their weaknesse could never be
truly discerned Who would not then admire the wisdome and foresight of this Generall in preserving this little Army at this time for a second fitter occasion Who ever then was so worthy of the honourable title of a Generallas hee For though he had bin no King he was a brave warriour and which is more a good man magnificent wise just meeke indued with learning and the gift of tongues and as he had strength of body and a manlike stature he had also the ornaments of the minde fitting a brave Commander he knew how to dally and weary an Army led by such an old Generall as Tillie was for though he did vaunt he had beaten two Kings before in an open field the third King made him for all his experience and old yeares to be thought but a child againe having made him traverse with his Army before in the winter from Rapin to new Brandenburg and backe againe to Madeburg finding the King did lie in suerty at Swede till he was gone and then tooke in both Francford and Lanseberg and againe he made him retire from During to Verben for a visit and then forced him to returne againe to Saxonie with the losse of six thousand men without effecting any thing for his coming not the least advantage undoing himselfe and his Army by the seasons sometimes with the extremity of cold in the middest of winter and at this time he made him march in the middest of the dogge dayes for lacke of victualls and his Majesty having discouraged this old Generall and his Army he thought then it was fit time to follow and to search him out till he was made to fight This resolute King did not sleepe long in suffering Tillies bravade made before Verben to be unrepayed having the next morning hunted and chased his courrasiers with a few number of Haggapells to the middest of their Army having with honour retired againe he thought Tillie was ingaged to storme his Leaguer in reveng but all could not winde or draw him to it But was forced through hunger to retire all provisions being taken out of his way for his Majesty knew well when they should be oppressed with hunger at their coming they could thinke on no generous exploit for oftimes an Army is lost sooner by hunger then by fighting and hunger it selfe is crueller a great deale then the sword For to hunger and to fight valiantly doth not agree with nature and in an Army hunger is more intolerable then the thundering of Cannon and Musket Armes doe resist Armes but to resist hunger no Fort no Strength no Moate or Fossie is able to doe it To conclude then this my observation when God is with us all things succeede well unto us as did with this fortunate King Gustavus who I knew did feare God and I perswade my selfe by his example and after him by the example of another Gustavus Felt-marshall Horne who truly feared God in his calling without pride or ostentation many others under them following their examples though Souldiers did the like Therefore no wonder that they and those who followed them were happy in their enterprises having had such Leaders for that is most sure and infallible where most feare of God is and true piety there is most happinesse and this piety is enough to save Princes And on the contrary withouther Armies can doe nothing Horse or strength of man gold or money can doe nothing Let us then following the example of this King who was Godly seek to the King of Kings for his Kingdome the righteousnesse thereof then surely all other things will goe well with us as it did with our Master and Leader The fourteenth Duty discharged of our March from Wirben to our Leaguer at Wittenberg THE certainty of Generall Tillies march with the Army unto Saxonie being come unto his Majesty and that he was to joyne at Leipsigh with the forces were come to him from the upper Circles of Germany as also out of Italy which being joyned together his resolution was to spoile the Dukes country or to force him to turne Emperialist which being understood by his Majesty his Majesty very wisely resolved to prevent him in this as he had done in his former intentions And therefore with diligence bringing together the whole strength of his horses with two thousand Dragoniers he marched towards Rattino where Felt-marshall Horne did lie with a part of the Army to whom he gave orders to be in readinesse on his first advertisment as also he appointed Generall Bannier to recollect and bring up such forces as were levied in the Markes of Brandenburg and to be in readinesse at his Majesties appointment for a march In like manner his Majesty did leave the care of commanding the Leaguer at Werben to Generall Lievetenant Bautis so farre as concerned the command of the Cavalerie and Sr. Iohn Hepburne was ordained to command and to care for the foote which being done his Majesty continued his march towards the passe of Wittenberg for to meete Felt-marshall Arnham who was appointed by the Duke of Saxon to treate with his Majesty for confirming of the Aliance and confederacy formerly treated betwixt his Majesty and the Duke in time of the Treaty his Majesty being in hopes of a happy conclusion he did direct orders to the Felt-marshall Horne and to Generall Lievetenant Bawtis to breake up with both their forces of horse and foote and to march towards Wittenberg Likewise order was sent to Colonell Cagge to breake up from Haggleberg with his Regiment and with Colonell Monro of Fowles his Regiment for to joyne both with the Army on their march which continued orderly to the Randezvouz appointed to meete with the Felt-marshall being within foure miles of Wittenberg where we did come together and immediately the Felt-marshall did put the Army in good order of Battell horse foote and Artillery The baggage also was placed and directed to march a part from the Army On Sunday the twenty eight of August 1631. we continue our march towards Wittenberg where a mile from the Towne we rejoyced at the sight of our Master and Leader Gustavus the invincible who with the party did joyne with us and immediately he tooke the paines to bring that Royall Army in order of Battaile where on the sudden his Majesties dexterity in command did appeare to the great contentment of the whole Army and marching a while in Battell order having halted neere the part where our Leaguer was appointed to be we were commanded to incampe for that night on the field as we stood in Battell The next morning the Leaguer being divided in severall quarters and our Quarter-masters and Furriers having made their right designation of every Regiments quarter and having divided their quarters proportionally amongst the companies they being ready every Briggad whose quarters were first design'd marched unto the Leaguer possessing themselves with their Quarters they begun orderly to place their Colours and their watch then
that ranne away in time of danger Here also we see that it is the dutie of the longest livers to see to the honour and credit of their dead friends in taking care of their burialls as the last dutie as also to shew their compassion to their hurt Camerades alive who perhaps received their wounds in rescuing of others whose skinnes were kept sound though theirs torne Here also we see that death is fatall unto all both to feeble and couragious but a glorious death is onely proper unto the valiant who oftest doth eschew death when the fearefull perisheth in an instant and therefore it is that the valiant man doth choose rather to die honourably than to live in ignominy as the feeble doth but these died here valiantly the brightnesse of their Actions done in their life time remaines firme in the minds of men unto all ages And to their posterities in writing never suffering their memories to rotte with the time whose burialls though meane on this place of Battaile yet they are commemorations of their vertuous lives to posteritie whose killing was no punishment say the world what they list but rather the beginning of their glory And therefore how ever a man dies he dies well that dies in Christ ending his dayes with honour At this dayes service I was rich in friends that helped to the obtaining of this victory with credit but soone after we found the fruits of mortalitie death having seased more on our kindred than on any other Family of our Nation that were employed in this warre and the unthankfulnesse of those we served hath beene such that those who suffered most were least rewarded as we may justly say having lost our Master and King who did see our actions and had rewarded them had he lived And though I will not vaunt neither of my friends nor of our travells none can blame me to say as the Puppie said wee Dogges kill'd the Hare since we were with the rest at Leipsigh the center of Germanie which was and is and shall be Sedes Belle till the cause be wonne and those we fought for be restored and then I would bee content to lay up my sworde and live a retired life serving God and the Publique at home as we did abroade The eighteenth Duty discharged of the intaking of Hall and of the Castle and of our March from Leipsigh to Hall HIS Majesty having left Felt-marshall Harnam with the Dukes forces to accord with Leipsigh and the Castle the eleventh of September we continued our march towards Hall and coming at the appointed Randezvouz we halted in the fields where we were to quarter over night his Majesty accompanied with a great and honourable traine of Cavaliers lighted from his horse on the head of our Briggad the Officers whereof coming together about his Majesty in a Ring his Majesty made a speech in commendation of the Briggad thanking them for their good service and exhorting them for the continuance thereof promising as he was a Royall King he would not forget to reward them and turning him towards the supreme Officers they in all humility did kisse his Majesties hand in confirmation of their loyalty in time to come the whole inferiour Officers and Souldiers cried aloud they hoped to doe his Majesty better service then ever they had done His Majesty taking horse againe with his Royall traine he directed Generall Bannier to goe and distribute the three thousand foote prisoners that were willing to take service under the Dutch Regiments Whereupon I approached unto his Majesty intreating his Majesty to consider the great losse our Regiment had sustained on all the former occasions of service that seeing we were become weake like to other Regiments Therefore his Majesty might be gratiously pleased to give order to Generall Bannier that I might have all the Britaines and Irish that were amongst the prisoners to strengthen our Regiment which his Majesty granting directed a Cavalier with me unto the Generall commanding I should have them I was overjoyed thinking to get a recreut of old Souldiers and the Cavalier having declared his Majesties will unto the Generall the Generall said with all his heart I should have them and when I had made tryall to finde out the number there were but three Irish amongst them all and being disappointed of a strong Recreut I did over-see those to follow their Camerades and being returned his Majesty asked me how I sped I told his Majesty Britaines were so farre addicted to his Majesty and the cause that few of them served the Emperour whereupon I intreated his Majesty for some Dutch but his Majesty refusing promised to put me and the Regiment alone upon an occasion where I should get not onely the prisoners but good booty also The next morning continuing our march towards Hall the most part of my folkes were commanded for the intaking of the Castle of Hall the party being commanded by the Colonell of the Artillery Captaine William Stewart Clare his brother then Captaine under our Regiment was commanded with the commanded men the Castle being taken by accord we did get fifty old Souldiers that tooke service under our Regiment His Majesty on the Sabboth day in the morning went to Church to give thankes to God for his by-past victories this church being the Bishops Cathedrall seate I did heare there sung the sweetest melodious musicke that could be heard where I did also see the most beautifull women Dutchland could affoord The next day the Duke of Saxon with a princely traine came unto Hall to congratulate his Majesties victory and was invited to sup with his Majesty where they made merry and the next day held counsell how to maintaine the warres and how they should prosecute their victory where it was concluded that his Majesty with his Army should advance towards Erford and then over Duringer Valt unto Franconia and that the Dukes Army should march unto Silezia and towards the Crantzis or Frontiers of Bohemia After this conclusion his Majesty sent post unto Spruce to call the Chancellor of Sweden from thence to he at Hall as Legate for his Majesty to disburden him of the politicke affaires having burthen enough of the military employment and of the receiving and dispatching of forraine Ambassadors and till the Chancellors coming he did leave Colonell Winckle with a strong Garrison in Hall having wisely fore-seene both the way how to prosecute his victory as also to maintaine his Conquest The eighteenth Observation THIS great Army of Generall Tillies being defeated did separate themselves in great Troopes and bands especially the foote who ought ever to stand well and fight with courage bouldly in field and not to suffer themselves to be rent though the horsemen should runne away and being they cannot runne so fast for their safeties my counsell then shall be ever to them to fight well for victory and though they should lose all hope of victory I would not have them to disbandon or scatter
but rather to stand together till at last they might get honourable quarters for themselves rather then shamefully to be cut off in flying away Here we see that the foote Souldiers suffer ever the greatest losse in extremity and they have ever least gaines though most credit but we see his Majesty with clemency doth follow the example of the ancient Romans who of all victories thought that victory best which least was stained with bloud having given quarters and service to three thousand Emperiall Souldiers without drawing one drop of bloud Likewise we see here the continuance of his Majesties industry and diligence aswell in prosecuting his victory as he was valiant in obtaining of it in the one as in the other vindicating his owne honour and the honour of his noble friends shewing after the fury was past his clemency and meekenesse towards his enemies yet who ever was more valiant than he being ever in all his on-sets a Leader And as we see his Majesties valour and diligence in prosecuting his victory so we see also his care in supplying the weakenesse of his Army as a wise Generall should doe in not letting his enemies see the weakenesse of his Army which ought never to be knowne to those who would rejoyce at the same Likewise here I did observe a great thankefulnesse in a King in acknowledging openly in view of an Army the good service done by his servants wherein I did especially see his love to our Nation beyond all others that did serve him to make other Nations emulous of their glory in following of their vertues and though his Majesty used them here rather like unto friends then to servants it should not make them the more sawcy but rather the more humble as both Officers and Souldiers did verifie in promising the continuance of their faithfull obedience and of better service as the Lord would enable them on the next occasions Likewise we did see here how few of our Nation are induced to serve those Catholique Potentates and for my part I finde the reason good for if we have any enemies in Europe it must be those that would not onely overthrow our estates at home if they could but also would force us if it lay in their powers to make shipwracke of our consciences by leading us unto Idolatry Moreover we see here that his Majesty and the Duke of Saxon having once beene companions of danger together they were then entertaining one anothers familiarity in renewing of their friendship confirmed againe with the German custome in making their League the firmer by drinking brother-ship together where I having entred the Hall and being seene by his Majesty I was presently kindely embraced by houlding his Arme over my shoulder wishing I could beare as much drinke as old Generall Major Ruthven that I might helpe his Majesty to make his Guests merry and holding me fast by the hand calling to the Duke of Saxon declared unto him what service our Nation had done his Father and him and the best last at Leipsigh commending in particular to the Duke Colonell Hepburne and Lumsdell and having called Colonell Hepburne unto him he did reiterate the former discourse and much more in commendation of the Scots In the continuance of this warre in Germany as the sequell of the Story will prove from the Balticke coast unto the Alpes and Tyroll where Colonell Hepburne was sent out as Colonell to command a party I was sent with him as his second being ever much obliged unto him not onely for his love on those occasions but also for his good counsell he being long before me in the Swedens service And as we were oft Camerades of danger together so being long acquainted we were Camerades in love first at Colledge next in our travells in France at Paris and Poictiers Anno 1615. till we met againe in Spruce at Elben in August 1630. Nothing therefore in my opinion more worthy to be kept next unto Faith then this kinde of friendship growne up with education confirmed by familiarity in frequenting the dangers of warre and who is more worthy to be chosen for a friend then one who hath showne himselfe both valiant and constant against his enemies as the worthy Hepburne hath done who is generally so well knowne in Armies that he needes no testimony of a friend having credit and reputation enough amongst his enemies To conclude then this observation as I begunne it I cannot but commend his Majesties wisdome and fore-sight in bringing the Rex-chancellor Oxensterne on the Dutch bottome to be second to his Majesty and to free him of a part of his buthens by placeing him at Hall as Legate being Centrum Germania The ninteenth Duty discharged of our March from Hall towards Erfort in Duringland HIS Majesty having left Colonell Winckle at Hall as Governour with a strong Garrison to command the Towne he ordained and left the Duke of Anhalt as Stat-houlder not only over the Towne but also over the whole Stifft of Madeburg having taken leave of the Duke of Saxon after many protestations and promises of mutuall friendship our march did continue towards Erfort and before our up-breaking the Castle of Leipsigh was given over by accord unto the Duke of Saxon and the Dukes Army was also marching towards Silesia and Bohemia The seventeenth of September our first nights quarter was taken at a Dorpe two miles from Hall where those of Erfort being so displeased at our coming as unwilling to entertaine such Guests they being all Catholiques Iesuits and Monkes being mightily afraid they did send their Commissioners before them to treate with his Majesty but his Majesty did give them their answers by Duke William of Wymar that they should quit the Catholique faction and give their oath of fidelity to his Majesty of Sweden and that they should take in his Garrisons within their Towne and render up to his Majesty the Castle of Eryackburg with the Colleges to come in his Majesties will who should suffer them to be untroubled in their Religion paying their contribution to the warres like the other Burgers and country The Commissioners thinking their conditions to be hard they tooke leave of his Majesty promising to referre the businesse to the Towne and Clergie and they being departed the Duke of Wymar with a Regiment of horse was directed after them having charge to ride as hard as they could and entering the Portes with a few horse at the first commanded the Guard to lay downe their Armes which hardly they could refuse the rest being so neere they entred the Towne and marched peaceably unto the market place which caused an extraordinary feare amongst the Burgers and yet a greater terrour amongst the Clergy The Councell being called to come on the market place they were commanded to render the Towne keyes unto the Duke who getting the keyes the Towne was taken without bloud The twenty two of September his Majesty having quartered the greatest part of the Army without the
Towne he entred the Towne with eight thousand men foote and horse which were all quartered within the Towne and Cloisters having all free entertainment in abundance some of the Clergy removed themselves those who pleased to stay were not troubled but in their meanes and his Majesty promised unto the Towne and Councell the free enjoyment of their former liberties His Majesty having rested the Army some few dayes Duke William of Wymar was made Stat-houlder who had absolute command over three thousand horse and foote getting also full power to take in the contribution and to give out Patents for leavying of horse and foote Regiments for his Majesties service My cozen the Baron of Fowles with his Regiment of foote being left there in Garrison tooke afterwards Patent of the Duke of Wyman for leavying a Regiment of horse which he after brought to passe His Majesty giving direction for repairing the fortifications of the Towne there were Orders given to the Armie to be in readinesse for to march over Durengerwalt unto Franconia and the Regiment had orders to provide their Souldiers sufficiently of Pikes and Muskets being desired to send unto Erfort for such as they stood in need of The nineteenth Observation HIs Majestie as he was valourous and diligent in conquering so hee was carefull to maintaine his Conquest the one being as necessarie as the other Likewise we see his Majesties wisedome in appointing the Duke of Anhalt in respect of his power in those quarters to be Stat-holder at Hall and over the Stifft of Madeburg till the Chancellor of Swedens comming where we see that His Majestie for his owne Aimes did make no difference betwixt Protestants and Lutherans but made a like use of them both For though the Duke of Anhalt was a Protestant he being powerfull in those Quarters to doe His Majestie service being Father in law to Duke William of Wymar this Commaund was imposed upon him Here also at Erfort being the first part in Dutchland belonging unto the Catholique League as appertaining to the Bishopricke of Meniz notwithstanding we see His Majestie clemencie towards the Papists in using no violence against them save onely Iure Belli as those who were conquer'd by the sword His Majestie did exacte of them contribution to the warres and their fidelitie in giving their Oathes to be true unto His Majestie in doing no harme unto his person or Armie by entertaining correspondence with his enemies and on those termes His Majestie was pleased to let them remaine untroubled in their consciences and those that were scrupulous to give this Oath were suffered to depart in peace and those who were contented to give it could not say they were injured Here then we see that Princes Charters are no others over their conquered lands than their sworde and the Oath of fidelitie It is reported of Peter Count of Savoye that he coming to give his Oath of fidelitie to the Emperour Otto the fourth he came presenting himselfe before the Emperour the one halfe of his body clad over with cloth of gold and his left side clad over with glittering Armour the one to testifie the honour and respect he carryed to the Emperour the other how ready he was to fight against his enemies or those that durst speake evill of His Majestie and being asked for his Charters which he had of lands given him in time of warres he drew his sworde saying here they are signifying thereby that brave warriours Kings or Princes had no better right than their swordes Here also we see that nothing is more powerfull to bring our enemies to an accord than a strong Armie while as they want strength to oppose them for the Conquest will render and give such conditions to the Conquerour as he pleaseth to further good or bad We see also here as formerly His Majestie in respect of the Duke of Wimar his power in those Quarters which in effect is great appointed him Stat-houlder and supreame Commissioner in His Majesties absence in governing the Countrie and in strengthening the Armie by leavying of forces of horse and foote being a fit man for such employment that part of the Country being the most populous part in Germanie and cheapest to entertaine them through the fertilitie of ground in those parts rendering increase beyond any part of lower Germanie The twentieth Dutie discharged of our March towards Wurtzburg in Franconia THE twenty-six of September his Majestie divided the Armie in two Deales or parts considering the difficultie he had to march over During-vault with a strong Armie And therefore being minded to march unto Franconia to visit the Bishops of Bamberg and Wurtzburg he tooke the one halfe of the Armie with himselfe crossing over the Vault towards Konickhoffen and Swinfort and directed Lievetenant Generall Bawtish and Sir Iohn Hepburne with the other halfe of the Armie to march over the Vault unto Franconia upon Smalka and Newstat the Randezvouz appointed for the Army to meet at was Wurtzburg on the Maine being the Bishop his chiefe residence where there was a great Citie and a strong Citadell or Castle wherein lay a strong Garrison and the most part of the riches of the Country being esteemed by them as impregnable in respect of the Situation being seated on a high hill unaccessible save onely from the Towne so that it was hard to doe it any hurt by Cannon being so strong by nature and fortified with divers out-workes on the accessible side that lay to the Citie The Army thus divided and marching alike to one centre or Randezvouz his Majestie was provided to take in the strengths that lay in his way and Bawtizen and Hepburne had Orders to bring under Contribution such Cities as they marched on as they did His Majestie tooke in his way Konickhoffen by accord being strong and having beset it with a Garrison he marched from thence to Swinfort and tooke it in also and having beset it with a Garrison the Burgers being made to give their Oath of fidelitie Duke Ernest of Wymar was appointed Stat-holder over Franconia In this time we marched over the Vault to Smalka and from thence to Newstat Milerstad Gemond and Carlestat on the Maine The first night we quartered on the side of the Vault next unto Franconia in a Citie called Smalka where we were well quartered and the next morning we marched to Mainigen from thence to Mellerstat and then to Newstat on the Salt from thence to Hamelburg from thence to Gemond and from Gemond to Carlstat and these six Cities we tooke in by accord and having gotten a Composition of moneys of them they being sworne to give their obedience unto his Majestie having quartered in them as we past they were free paying the moneys they had promised and the monethly Contribution In this march though the Generall Lievetenant commanded in chiefe and made the Accord most to his owne advantage having got of these Townes above fiftie thousand Dollers whereof he made neither accompt to
his Majestie nor yet was he any wayes beneficiall to the Colonells who did the service but put all in his owne purse neither yet did be acknowledge Sir Iohn Hepburne with the least token of his bountie whose merit at this time was not inferiour to his owne His Majesty having taken in Swinfort and beset it he continued his march to Wurtzburg and coming before the Towne he summoned them to render whereupon they did send Father Ogleby Abbot of the Scots Cloyster at Wurtzburg to capitulate with his Majestie in the behalfe of the Burgers who got granted unto them the like accord as was made with Erfort in all degrees the accord subscribed his Majestie entered the Towne the same day that our forces arrived at Carlstat being within two miles of them that night The Citie given over the Castle refusing to heare of any Treatie they begunne from the Castle-workes to plague his Majesties Armie with Cannon where ever they could lie or stand within or without the Citie on either side of the Maine they were cruelly tormented by the enemies Cannon so that at last it went on in earnest on both sides for his Majestie having had intelligence that Generall Tilly with a strong Armie of fiftie thousand men being joyned with the Duke of Loraine were coming for the reliefe of the Castle his Majestie resolved that taking of time was best and that it behooved him on the sudden to have it or not at all This Castle being a strong Strength sequestred on a height from the Towne and the Souldiers as they retired from the Towne they did breake off one Arch of the Bridge to hinder his Majesties passage over the Bridge unto the Castle being the onely way he could get to it and the Castle-workes did so command the Bridge that a single man could not passe over without great danger of life being the whole Bridge did lie open just under the Castle where there was one long plancke laid over the broken Arch being distant in height from the water neere eight fathom so that it seemed a hazard or torment to any man to passe over alongst the plancke where some valourous Officers and Souldiers would rather adventure to goe before the mouth of the Cannon than to crosse over the plancke though there were no danger of the enemies Cannon or Musket which still played furiously on that passe of the Bridge to hinder his Majesties Souldiers in setting over where at first two valourous Gentlemen of our Nation being brethren were killed on the Bridge viz. Sir Iames Ramsey his Major called Bothwell and his brother Neverthelesse before our coming from Carlstat being within two miles his Majestie had ingaged the rest of our Country-men that were with him on this piece of service being the most desperate and of the greatest importance that was ever done in Dutchland during the continuance of the warres And therefore Sir Iames Ramsey and Sir Iohn Hamilton were made choice of with their Regiments by his Majestie who knew both their worth and valour being perswaded if they refused it none would undertake the service after them the passage being so dangerous and of such hazard that without great difficultie there was no probabilitie to gaine much credit there and his Majestie resolved except those Cavaliers with their followers would make way to others the wished event could not be hoped for at that time seeing the enemy was within three dayes march to relieve it and to the end they might shew good example to others they were commanded with their fellowes being all Musketiers to crosse the Bridge and to beate the enemy from the water side and then to force a passage for the rest of the Armie towards the Castle the orders were as hard as the passage was difficult yet Cavaliers of courage being daring men and once resolved nothing could seeme difficult unto them to gaine honour and credit to themselves and Country especially being made choice of by a King out of his Armie to give testimony publikely in view of the whole Armie of their valour and resolution exemplary forcing their enemies to give ground for them and theirs having had not one foote of ground on that side of the water till they should gaine it at their landing for I was none of the actors nor yet of the spectators till I had viewed it the next day being informed particularly by my Camerades of the manner of their on-falling The bridge day over the Maine with six Arches in length being a very faire and spatious bridge over which sixtie men could well march in front lying open unto the Castle batteries and workes the middle Arch whereof being broke a plancke was set over where with difficultie strong-headed Souldiers might crosse one after another under mercy of Cannon and Musket and while as they could but file over the enemy could receive them with full bodies of pikes and muskets which was a great disadvantage and the distance betwixt the water and the plancke would terrifie any to venter over for feare of drowning though he were in no feare of an enemy so that many who went with resolution to passe over returned againe choosing rather to crosse alongst the water in small boates Notwithstanding the enemy would emptie Salves of muskets on them before their landing Neverthelesse Sir Iames Ramsey and Sir Iohn Hamilton in obedience to his Majesties commands with a few Souldiers adventured to crosse the River with small Boates their Souldiers giving fire before their landing and in their landing against their enemies and being happily once landed and beginning to skirmish their Souldiers they left behinde them who before durst not adventure to crosse alongst the plancke seeing their Officers and Camerades ingaged with the enemy to helpe them they ranne over the plancke one after another so fast as they could runne till at last they past all and made a strong head against the enemy till by the valourous Conduct of their Leaders and their following they forced the enemy to give ground retiring unto their workes Their Leaders desirous to gaine further honour and reputation pursued the enemy so hard till they had beaten them out of a Torne they had fled unto At which time Sir Iames Ramsey was shot lame in the left arme and then his Camerade Sir Iohn Hamilton succeeding him both in command and courage notwithstanding of the enemies strength and great fury used against them having disputed with long service for the ground at last it was made good by Sir Iohn and his followers till such time his Majestie had set over after them the most part of the Armie so that they were blocked up on all quarters and forced to remaine within their workes till that against night the service being ceased we with the rest of the Armie were come from Carlstat and quartered that night without the Towne on the other side of the Maine His Majestie before day gave Orders to the Swedes and some Dutch Regiments to
Duty discharged at Oxenford on the the Maine in Franconia HIS Majesty having intelligence that Generall Tillie had intention to have fallen on Oxenford to patronize the passe over the Maine where his Majesty had sent but one hundred and fifty musketiers whom he judged to be too weake for defending of the Towne and considering with himselfe the enemy might likewise pursue Wurtzburg having made but a faint at Oxenford and perhaps his intention might be to pursue both alike his Majesty under night coming alone on horsebacke from the Castle towards my quarter being then in the remotest part of the whole Towne I being at supper his Majesties foote-man tould me the King was below and desired I should come unto him being come to his Majesty he commanded me in all haste to bring our Briggad in Armes and to draw them up on that part against his returne and to command Sr. Iohn Hepburne in his name to meete him there which immediatly being obeyed accordingly his Majesty being returned commanded Hepburne to leade off the Musketiers of the whole Briggad being then eight hundred and to follow his Majesty whether so ever he went who commanded me to bring up the Reare leaving our Colours and pike-men behinde us there till further orders we marched on in the night halfe a mile without the Towne before we knew whether we were going or what the exploite could be that we were going on having left both our horses and servants behinde us at last his Majesty acquainting Colonell Hepburne with his designe he marched towards Oxenford being convoyed with foure score horses alongst the side of the Maine and we followed with our foote marching in seven houres those foure miles and before two of the clocke in the morning we arrived there without halt or drawing of breath by the way At our coming we were let in alongst the bridge unto the market place where our Souldiers after this wearisome march were commanded to stay by their Armes all night in readinesse and houses were appointed for the Officers to remaine in all night The next morning by day light his Majesty did send for Colonell Hepburne and me and tells he was going to visit the walles without and he commanded to send two hundred musketiers of our Regiment towards the Port before him which being done his Majesty accompanied with some Cavaliers walked out and the night before at his Majesties coming to Towne he had directed fifty horse to watch halfe a mile without the Towne betwixt him and the enemy At his Majesties out-going we heare the enemies Dragoniers with some horsemen making service against the watch who were forced to retire whereupon his Majesty commanded me to send forth fifty musketiers with a Lievetenant to skirmish with the enemy till the horsemen might retire the musketiers being advanced they skirmished with the enemy in view of his Majesty houlding up the enemy till the horsemen were by but the enemy being too farre strong made our musketiers lose ground in retiring and his Majesty suspecting the enemy was back't with stronger forces his Majesty commanded me to command a hundred musketiers more with a sufficient Officer to march incontinent for reliefe of their Camerades and commanded me to goe withall and to place them in the most advantagious ground which I did and incontinently the reliefe begun the service a fresh forcing the enemy to retire backe over the top of the hill which his Majesty perceiving was wondrous glad saying the Scots skirmish well who had made the enemy quit their ground which they possest and kept the other side of the hill being all plaine his Majesty commanded out a troope of horse for to recognize the enemies designe and calling Colonell Hepburne unto him he said he would leave us there and fearing the enemy might have a designe upon Wurtsburg he would returne thither being of greatest moment and so he gave orders to Hepburne to defend the Towne so long as he could and then in case of necessity to retire over the bridge and to breake it off behinde him His Majesty being gone Colonell Hepburne begun to put all things in good order preparing for the enemies coming casting downe houses and walles which might serve without the Towne for the enemies advantage as also cutting downe trees and hedges which might serve to shelter the enemy As also making Scaffolds about the walles for musketiers to make service from ordaining the severall postes to be repaired and defended in case of the enemies pursuite ordering also the watches and by watches to observe their precise houres making also provision betimes for store of Amunition and giving diligent and capable men charge over it and appointing guards for it with severall other directions befitting an able Commander to give out at such times being looking for a mighty enemy to pursue a skurvy irregular hole where no Cavalier could gaine credit without overmuch hazard yet such a Master would be so served All things thus provided the Curriers went night and day betwixt his Majesty and the Governour for mutuall intelligence till the third night before day the enemies Trumpets and Drummes made such a noise as though Heaven and earth were going together continuing as if the enemy were marching to the walles for a generall storme our horse guards being beaten in under the walles were refused of entry and the out-guards of foote also and then every man within walles did repaire to their posts expecting a generall storme and the pitterding of the ports The Colonell having visited the whole guards and made the Rounde of the whole Towne seeing all things were in good order and the day drawing neere we found the enemy was retiring from us having begun his march at midnight towards Newringburg and the upper Paltz The day cleering our horsemen having come from the other side of the Maine being led and commanded by Duke Bernard of Wymar whereof foure hundred were commanded towards the enemies quarters to take order with those were left bâ—…inde who did get but slight quarters The enemies Army being marched his Majesty was advertized who sent orders incontinent to Sr. Iohn Hepburne to breake up in the night with five hundred musketiers and to march by the enemy in the night towards Wintzsen which by appearance was too hazardous The enemy being too farre before and in his way also which made his Majesty to countermand his former orders against his custome and then the Colonell being commanded to beset the garrison he was recald with the party to returne to Wurtzberg After Tillies departure his Majesty caused publish an Edict over all Franconia that both Clergy and Laikes none excepted should come and sweare their fidelity to his Majesty Whereupon the full liberty of their profession in religion should be granted unto them untroubled As also they should have his Majesties safeguards for the conservation of their worldly estates and in this Edict were contained a great part of his Majesties former victories obtained
had commanded had made shipwracke of all As his Majestie was wise and moderate in his Command so those who obeyed were faithfull and intire to their Superiour Here inferiours whom Fortune favoureth though weakest were subject in all things to him who was Fortunes Minion and Mars his equall Gustavus the Invincible that by his wisedome and foresight forced old Tillie to retire to Nurenberg having gained nothing but losse which retreate was the presage of his future ruine at the Leacke where it enters into the Danow Here also we are instructed as well by his Majesties politique government as by his military He being alike expert in both discharging the dutie of a King and a Generall Tam Arte quam Marte for the enemy was no sooner gone but incontinent his Majestie caused serve his publique Edicts for bringing in the Country-men to give their oaths of fidelitie moving them thereto partly by compulsion and partly by promises of dutie and of libertie to their Consciences two strong Arguments to move those to obedience who had seene their friends forced to turne backes upon them from whom under God they did expect Reliefe to come Moreover we see here that those who are honoured by God are also worthy of honour from their equalls other Kings Princes and Confederates sending their Ambassadours unto them to congratulate their good Fortunes and successe as also to Treate with them in matters belonging to their mutuall States and standing at this time also there were Commissioners sent from Vlme Strasburg Nurenberg and Francford treating with His Majestie for themselves apart as free from the bodie of the Empire And such feathers his Majestie was glad to get out of the Emperours wings knowing the more he wanted of such feathers the worse he could flie and some of them were light changing as the winde To conclude then whom fortune favoures the world laughs on as may be seene here by the example of Lievetenant Colonell Howbalt after the intaking of Hanow by meere fortune being surprized which was the occasion this Cavalier was so suddenly made up in getting Command over horse and foote from Livetenant Colonell who foure yeeres before was Sergeant under the blew Regiment Yet notwithstanding the good he had received under his Majestie and his Crowne he afterwards quit them and their service in their greatest extreamitie which was unthankfully done of him being more unkindly then friendly The twenty second Duty discharged of our March from Wurtzburg to Francford on the Maine HIS Majesty having beset Wurtzburg Castle with a strong Swedens Garrison under command of Colonell Axellille preparation being made for the march the Colonell of the Artillery Leonard Richardson a Swede was directed downe the Maine with the great Cannon and three hundred commanded musketiers of Scots of Sr. Iames Ramfey his Regiment comanded by Alexander Hanan being a discreete Cavalier of good command and conduct and valorous also they had abundance of Cannon fire-workes Amunition and all other furniture belonging to Artillery with them by water having got orders to take in all strengths on the Maine which lay in their way where they and he who commanded them made good booty having taken in severall Castles and Miltenburg also and from thence continued their course downe the water towards Ashaffenburg a City and a Castle on the Maine belonging to the Bishop of Mentz where they had orders to remaine till his Majesties coming with the Army This march continued for five dayes where we had nightly good quarters by the way being in feare of no enemy we kept the whole march the Maine on our right hand our horsemen upon the left having had the Felt-marshall with his Army lying at Bambridge betwixt us and the enemy so that this march though in winter was not so troublesome unto us as their travelling is to them who journey in forraine countries for to see strange faces where they must needs lay out monies for their entertainment some of us on this march were well entertained and did get mony besides to spend at Francford Likewise when it behoved travellers to hire guides and sometimes to hire convoies for their safeties we had Gustavus a King under God our Leader and a powerfull Army to convoy us and at night the sweete and sociable society of our countrimen and strangers the one to season the other which made our march pleasant alongst the pleasant and fruitfull River of the Maine that runnes through faire Franconia into the Rhine at Mentz Having come with the Army the length of Hanow leaving Ashaffenburg behinde us we marched to Steinhem which presently we tooke in by accord where the most part of the Souldiers did take service which being done his Majesty did send unto the Lords of Francford desiring them for the well of the professours of the Evangell to take in a Carrison with a protestation if they refused to doe it willingly it behoved him otherwise to deale with them which was not his desire They having taken the proposition for two dayes in advisement his Majesty the sixteenth of November did let quarter the Army before their Ports in Offenback Ober and Nider Rode the next day they consented his Majesties Army should march through leaving six hundred men in Garrison in Saxenhowsen the Lords giving their Oath to secure the Garrison of Saxenhowsen of all dangers and on the seventeenth of November his Majesty with the whole Army in comely order marched alongst the bridge from Saxenhowsen through the Towne of Francford to wards Hechst where there lay two miles off the Towne a Garrison of the enemies In this march through Francford such order was kept without any disorder as if it were the solemne procession of a King and his nobles in parliament every one admiring of his Majesties good order and discipline kept over his Army The nineteenth of November Hechst was taken in by his Majesty with accord where the Souldiers for the most part tooke service The next day the Army lying still in Dorpes his Majesty returned to Francford and met with the Landgrave of Hessen the Landgrave of Darmstat and with the Earles of the Vetro where it was agreed amongst them for the defence of the Land to joyne in one confederacy where the Castle of Russelshem was given unto his Majesty by the Landgrave of Darmstat whereon two hundred Scots of Colonell Lodowick Lesly his Regiment were set under command of Captaine Macdowgall The next day being the two and twentith of November his Majesty returned to Hechst againe and having put forth the Papists placing his owne Preachers on Sunday his Majesty thanked God that he had gotten in Francfort without bloud or stroake of sword His Majesty caused to set over a ship-bridge at Hechst and sent ships before Mentz to blocke it by water till his Majesty with the Army crossed the Maine and marched by Darmstat in the Bergstrasse of intention to have gone for Heidelberg but retiring downe neere the Rhine having
side they plagued us still with cannon especially in the night time while it behooved us to have fire which was their marke so that sundry were lost and one night sitting at supper a Bullet of thirty two pound weight shot right out betwixt Colonell Hepburnes shoulder and mine going through the Colonells Coach the next shot kill'd a Sergeant of mine by the fire drinking a pipe of Tobacco This night the enemy made an out-fall to try his valour thinking to beate us from our cannon but he was bravely repulsed by push of Pike slightly esteeming of their muskets and scorning to use ours with sharpe points of pikes conveied them home to their Graffe The next day in the morning knowing his Majesty had crossed the Rhine they did capitulate with Colonell Hepburne who did give them being Italians more honourable quarters then in truth their carriage did deserve having got licence to march out Bag and Baggage with full Armes with a convoy to the next Garrison they being marched his Majesty having crossed the Rhine in the night where the Spaniard made some resistance but in vaine his Majesty having got over the next morning he marched towards Openham in the Paltz on the one side of the Towne and we setting over also we pursued the Towne and the Castle on the other side but Sr. Iames Ramsey his musketiers being led by their Major finding a privy passage about the Castle they stormed over the walles coming betwixt the outward Skonce and the castle and finding the draw-bridge downe on a sudden they entered the Castle and put all to the sword the rest of the enemy finding the Castle to be in they runne all to storme the Skonce on which were nine Companies of Italians with their colours their Officers finding the castle surprized behinde them and the storme going on before them they threw downe their Armes calling for quarters which was granted but their colours taken from them they willing to take service were all disposed by his Majesty to Sr. Iohn Hepburne who was not only a Colonell unto them but a kinde Patron putting them in good Quarters till they were armed and clad againe But their unthankfulnesse was such that they stayed not but disbandoned all in Bireland for having once got the warme ayre of the Summer they were all gone before Winter The twenty-third Observation HERE then we see that it is the dutie of all wise Generals of intention to beleaguer Citie Fort or Strength first to recognosce and having once recognosced then to proceed as they finde most advantagious for the Beleaguerer and disadvantagious for the assailed the pursuer must know what number of men are requisite for the pursute as well offensive as defensive In this point of recognoscing his Majesties judgement was wonderfull as in all other practicall duties fitting a great Commander and as his Majesties judgement was great and good so he was of that minde nothing in this kinde could be well done which he did not himselfe neither could his Majestie abide at such times as he went to recognosce any other to accompany him in the danger other reasons doubtlesse His Majestie had which were onely privie unto himselfe This point how necessarie it is for a great Commander to be judicious of no Souldier will doubt Here also we see His Majestie made no difference of season or weather in prosecuting his enemie when ever he found any advantage And therefore it was His Majesties wise resolution to crosse the Rhine while Generall Tillies Armie in the Winter time was farthest from him and making but a faint here before Oppenham his ayme and designe was to crosse the Rhine at an other part by shipping that while the enemie was busied in defence of the Skonce His Majestie might crosse at an other part for the Armie once crossed the Skonce was lost for want of supplie and His Majestie once over the whole Paltz and Mentz were in feare Nothing is more powerfull to resist resolution than resolution for it is said of the Oake being hard timber for to cleave it a sunder there must be wedges made of it selfe that hardnesse may overcome hardnesse My advise then to all brave fellowes watching in trenches or guarding Cannon while as the enemie would try their valour by out-falling in assailing them at such times let the defender doe as was done here leaving the use of the Musket as being more unreadie let them make use of their pikes meeting their enemies in the teeth with a strong firme bodie of Pikes after the old Scots fashion used by our Predecessours that fought pell mell with two-hand swordes till one of the parties did quit the field for though they suffer losse sure they must winne credit that repulse their enemie rather than disgracefully suffer their Cannon to be nayled or their braines knockt out in trenches while as they take them to the uncertaintie of the musket Therefore let resolution be ever present repulsing force with force for if thou wouldest be esteemed amongst the number of brave fellowes thou must resolve to shew thy selfe resolute couragious and valiant going before others in good example choosing rather to dye with credit standing serving the publique than ignominiously to live in shame disgracing both thy selfe and Countrie Who would not then at such times choose vertue before vice glorie honour and immortall fame before an ignominious shamefull and detestable life Let then my deere Camerades of the Brittish Nation where ever they serve embrace this my exhortation and lay it up in the secret corners of their heart and minde that they may be ever mindefull of their credits preferring credit to life for the honour of the invincible Nation doing ever as was done here by their Countrie men in one night thrice at three severall partes whereof twice in sight of their King and Master His Majestie crossing the Rhine did take with him the Scots which were there of Sir Iames Ramseys Regiment of old Spense his Regiment and of My Lord Rhees being landed the Spanish horsemen having furiously charged the Scots with a little advantage of a hedge stood by His Majestie against the Spanish horsemen and with a strong body of pikes and salves of musket resisted valiantly the horsemen till the rest were landed to relieve them As also the next day the Musketieres of Ramseys Regiment that on all occasions were wont to shew their valour were the first stormed the walles at Oppenham as they were the first with their Camerades that accompanied His Majestie at his landing in the Paltz testifying how willing they were to oppose danger in sight of their King and Master revenging themselves on the Spaniard a cruell enemy to the Daughter of our King and Sister to our Dread Soveraigne the Queene of Bohemia whom before they had removed by force of Armes from the sweete land of the Paltz where at this time they were fighting to invest againe His Majestie of Behemia her Husband and his Royall
would not cast off the house of Austria and King of Spaine their ould friends for the hope they had in their new friend the King of France lest their new friend might disappoint them of their expectations as he did in th' end missing his owne aimes We see also here the Frenches policy in making haste to intercede for the Leagueistes lest the danger might come on himselfe for the King of France hearing the King of Sweden had crossed the Rhine he did not stay to bring his Army together till the League should call for his helpe lest it should be too late but incontinent brought his Army to the Mosell and then sent his Ambassador to Mentz to his Majesty of Sweden to treat having his Army at hand which was the only sure way then to get the better conditions knowing the King of Sweden had already too many Irons in the fire Those we see are the best friends that in necessity keepe their paction as the Catholique League did at all times unto the Emperour who otherwise had bin no Emperour neither yet had he bin Emperour had the Evangelists kept together and hazarded their meanes and bloud in defence of the publique cause as the Catholiques did in their greatest necessity once every yeere setting up ever new Armies as one was beaten unto them their wisdome and constancy were so great that presently the next Spring through their power and diligence they had ever another new Army afoote which in th' end made their enemies the Evangelists weary sparing their meanes they suffered in a manner the cause and the publique to be neere lost being since beaten by their owne Armes and meanes seeing they neglected time while as they might employ their meanes to the finall overthrow of their enemies and yet to my knowledge in Germany if they would conjoyne their strengths together constantly against the Papists they are powerfull enough to free all Germany of Popery banishing them over the Alpes from whence they came And I perswade my selfe none that knowes Germany but in his conscience he must confesse this to be truth But when our fellowes in friendship faile us as the Evangelists one after another for a skurvy losse quit the Crowne of Sweden the great Duke of Saxon having left them first breaking his oath and promise in prejudice of the publique peace excluding the Protestants impionsly for his owne aimes he did prejudice the Gospell his country and confederates and by his evill example for plaine necessity while a storme should blow over the townes of the upper Circles of the Empire as Strasburg Vlme Nurenberg Francford did accept of an unsetied peace contrary to their mindes in prejudice of the publique lofing themselves and the publique for the losse of one day being without their head which first brought them together Here then we see the great difference of friendship in profperity and in adversity for his Majesty of Sweden being at Francford as a victorious King he had then in his prosperity the conflux of friendship some seeking his protection others his friendship and confederacy others for feare of the dint of his Armes seeking to be Neutrall who before were enemies other Kings and Potentats Republiques and Cities sending their Ambassadours congratulating his successe yea and which was more and rare to be seene his Majesty of Bohemia in person came unto him to offer him assistance Royall in leavying of an Army for himselfe and was refused as unwilling other Armies should be in Dutchland to be participant of his glory but his owne Where we see Fortunes Favourit laught on by the world but how soone againe Fortune begun to frowne on his successour who having got but one Buffer all men would kill him his friends nomine tenâ—â— aswell as his enemies Where we see cleerely that there is no friend in adversity except it be a friend in Christ who will never forsake or leave us This then is the friendship we should make to league and confederate with our brethren in Christ with whom we have unity in Faith if that we would have our friendship durable and constant others will change as the winde blowes plenty or penury upon us being but temporary friends as many of the Dutch are but our brethren in Christ will never totally leave us no not in our greatest wants and extremity of Fortune Which should make us choose such and to live and dye with such fighting for them and their liberties who will never leave us though death sever us but after death they will prove constant friends to our successours as the Germans did not to the Chancellor of Sweden if they succeede unto us in the true and undoubted Faith And to verifie this I can beare witnesse that though the enemy did keepe our brethren in Christ that were in the Paltz under ten yeares bondage Neverthelesse that bondage nor the tyranny used unto them by their enemies made them never forget their fidelity and love to their King and Prince neither yet could their tyranny make them forsake or renounce their faith in Christ but as they continued true to God so were they faithfull in their love to their King and Master not only to his Majesty but also shewed their love and kindnesse unto us being his Majesties friends whom they knew to be one in faith with themselves And therefore they were ever ready and willing to undergoe alike danger with us against our common enemies as doth witnesse their assistance given to the Scots of Sir Iames Ramseys Regiment having Conjunctis viribus beaten their enemies on divers occasions The Kings Majesty of Sweden though before this time none of the greatest Kings yet in this warre having begun with a little Army of ten thousand strong in three yeares time he grew so great that he was carelesse of the threatning of the great King of France having entertained then in readinesse foure Armies at once his owne which he led himselfe under which I was still The Felt-marshall Gustavus Hornes Armie Generall Totts Army on the Wazer and the Marquesse of Hamiltons Army with whom Banier was joyned on the Elve These foure Armies his Majesty commanded alike and at one time having the Emperour the King of Spaine the Catholique League and the Duke of Bavier his enemies And though the Duke of Saxon had an Army apart yet his Majestie would not suffer the King of Bohemia the Duke of Lunenburg the Landgrave of Hessen nor the Dukes of Wymar to lead Armies in Dutchland but as Subalternes to his Command And I thinke he had reason for if his Majestie of Bohemia had had an Armie in the fields it behooved the Swedens to have beene subalterne to the Dutch and Scots who were then strong in the fields in commanding strangers as they did their owne Country-men Notwithstanding of all these forces led and commanded by his Majestie of Sweden we see that the Empire is like a depth without a bottome that cannot be sounded For
though they lost severall Battailes their power was so great that incontinent they made up Armies againe one after another for the space of twentie yeares together so that with difficultie they made the body of the Empire to stand though the wings were very neere clipped by his Majestie of Sweden who in three yeares time subdued the most part of the Empire and with his owne little Armie in one Winter freed the Paltz of the Spanish Forces except Heidelberg alone on which occasions those of our Nation that followed his Majestie shewed both their valour and their love especially those of my Lord Sponce his Regiment seconded well by those of my Lord Rhees Regiment and Sir Iames Ramseys worthy Regiment were well seconded by Colonell Lodowicke Leslyes Regiment which formerly were Sir Iohn Hamiltons These foure Regiments of foote having followed his Majesties owne person in all occasions were worthy their deeds should be Registred to all posteritie Other six Regiments of Scots under Generall Tott and two of English being yonger in the service than the former foure were also shorter of continuance whose actions I cannot relate but by Information Therefore I will be sparing lest I should deregate from their worth or oversee my selfe At this time also there were a great many worthy Cavaliers of our Nation under his Majestie who for their long experience and valour had attained to the honour not onely to be trusted before others with Governments but also were honoured in commanding of strangers both Dutch and Swedeus whereof some were employed in Dutchland some in Sweden some in Liffeland and some in Spruce all alike serving their Master to his minde where he liked best to make use of them for the weale and advancement of his service Sir Patricke Ruthven Generall Major and Governour of Vlme Colonell over Dutch to foote and to horse Sir Alexander Lesly Generall Major and Governour over the whole Cities alongst the Balticke Coast Sir David Drummond Generall Major and Governour of Statin over a Regiment of Swedens Sir Iohn Hepburne Colonell over the Scots Briggad Generall Major King Colonell to horse and foote of Dutch Colonell Carre Colonell to foote of Scots Sir Iohn Ruthven Generall Major Colonell of Dutch Colonell Robert Monro of Fowles Colonell to foote and to horse over Dutch The Earle of Crawford Colonell to foote over Dutch Colonell Baily Colonell to foote over Dutch Colonell Ramsey Governour of Cretesnough and Commander of Dutch Colonell Alexander Hamilton Colonell of Scots Sir Iames Ramsey Colonell of foote over Scots Sir William Ballentine Colonell over English Colonell Dâ—wglas Colonell of Dutch horsemen Colonell Hume Colonell of Dutch horsemen Colonell Alexander Lesly the younger Colonell to foote over Dutch Colonell Iohn Lesly Colonell to foote over Scots Colonell William Gunne Colonell to foote over Dutch Colonell Kinninmond Colonell of Swedens Colonell Hugh Hamilton Colonell to foote over Dutch Colonell Finnes Forbesse and his brother both Colonells to foote over strangers Colonell Iohn Forbesse Colonell to foote over Dutch Colonell Alexander Forbesse called the bald Colonell to foote over Dutch which all with the former twelve Regiments were employed severally upon the Dutch bottome during his Majesties time and since to the great credit of their Nation as likewise other Cavaliers of them were employed in Sweden such as Colonell Scot Colonell Seaton and Colonell Thomson others also were employed in his Majesties service in Spruce as Sir George Fleetwood Colonell to foote over English Francis Ruthven Colonell to foote over Scots and William Kunningham Colonell to foote over Scots Alexander Gordon Colonell to foote over Dutch which Officers with their Regiments after conclusion of the peace made with the Kings Majestie of Polle were also brought into Dutchland against the Saxon and the Emperour Thus farre on passant I was bold to inferre to satisfie the curious Reader and his Highnesse to whom we all vowed faith and obedience being formerly led by such a Generall as the Lyon of the North the invincible King of Sweden who did instruct us all to doe his Highnesse service in all respects to the sacrificing of our lives untill his Highnesse be avenged of his enemies and most honourably restored to his Country credit honours and former losses For we know Germany so well that without guides we can enter their Cities where we know them weakest having helped to subdue many of them before as shall be evident before our expedition come to an end Where we would wish such a Leader as his Highnesse or one of the race come of the Iewell of Europe his Royall Mother for whom and her royall Issue we are obliged and resolved yet to fight till her Throne be established in despight of her enemies Here also we see God will not suffer those Christians unpunished that violate their promise as was seene on Colonell Graâ—e whose fault is too common amongst their faction that hold for a maxime they are not bound to keepe promise or accord unto us as was seene on Colonell Monre of Fowles his Regiment marching out of Stobing the conditions of their accord being broken unto them the Souldiers were forced to serve and the Officers were made prisoners If my fortune were once againe to command the Guards in Memmungen in Bavier the Dukes chiefe residence though I would not breake my word I would hazard to breake my sword to be avenged on those who keepe no promise or oath being enemies to God and to his truth as they did witnesse by their cruelty used at Bamberg where the Felt-marshall being set on unawares was forced to retire having sent away his cannon before him choosing the least of two inconveniences having thought better to endanger a few men in skirmish than by standing to hazard the losse of all and of his cannon Where we see that it is hard for a brave Commander to make a good retreat without cannon where on the contrary having a little time with some advantage of ground it is casie retiring from the fiercest enemy who may lose himselfe and his Army with pressing too farre forwards against cannon Likewise there is nothing more able for to make a partie of horsmen fortunate than a reasonable supply of musketiers ever to attend them for they are ever best together Moreover we have here a laudable custome of a brave Commander as his Majesty was being as carefull in maintaining his conquest as he was fortunat in conquering for before his Majesty would march from the Rhine towards the Danow he first established the Rexchancell chancellor of Sweden at Mentz leaving unto his care the direction of the Army left in the Palatinat to attend the Spaniard which Army was to be led by Palsgrave Christian Brickafield being at least eight thousand strong The twenty seventh Duty discharged of our Marchfrom Mentz unto Francony and to Shawbach HIS Majesty having got intelligence of the Ruffle Generall Tilly had given at Bamberg to Felt-marshall Horne and hearing the Felt-marshall was retired
on Swinford incontinent his Majesties Army was brought together at Mentz and leaving the Rex-chancellor Oxensterne in the Paltz at Mentz as director and to attend on the Spanish forces till the Paltz were cleered of the enemie The sixth of March his Majesty did breake up from Francford where in the fields before Aschaffenburg the Army made a shew in presence of his Majesty of Bohemia Marquesse of Hamilton and divers others men of quality and having passed the bridge we quartered over night in the fields on the backe side of the hill and the next day continued our march towards Lore and having sent before to make provision for the Army in all parts where he resolved to quarter through Franconia being free of our enemies The next night we quartered at Erinfield and our Briggad passing by Gemond we marched on Carlestat where we quartered over night the next day continuing our march we joyned at night with the army at Tettelbach where before our upbreaking the next morning a fire being entred in the Subburbs as his Majesty was marching out of quarter those of Spences Regiment were blamed for this accident though innocent Neverthelesse his Majesties rage continued the whole day and we being separated his Majesty marched on Kitchen on the Maine to joyne with the Felt-marshall and we were commanded to march on Oxenford on the Maine and from thence to Vinchen where we againe were to joyne with the Army having ever our cannon and Amunition waggons along with us On Sunday in the afternoone his Majesty againe over-viewed the Army being set in order of Battaile the Felt-marshalls forces and some new forces having joyned with us being pleasant to behould where in time of the show his Majesty of Bohemia did come and salute our Briggad being resaluted with all due respect of the whole body of the Briggad where his Majesty was pleased to shew us how glad he was of the good report and commendation his Majesty of Sweden had given of our good service the continuance whereof he hartily wished Our Army this day was above twenty thousand men horse and foote besides those did belong to the Artillery being all in good order Generall Tilly having understood of his Majesties coming and of the strength of his Army he thought as best for the safety of his Army not to stay our coming and besetting Bamberg and Fercham with new levied men taking the ould Souldiers with him he marched towards Newmarke in the upper Palatinat having taken all the best things he could finde within the Bishopricke of Bamberg with him on waggons And having sent his Generall Quartermaster before him towards Loaffe he was met by some of the Swedens party and being kill'd all his letters were brought unto his Majesty and before his Majesty brake up with the Army he caused to publish an Edict over all Franconia that all sort of people which had before bin fugitives for feare of Religion they were all free to returne unto their houses againe not being molested or troubled in the peaceable labouring of the ground Likewise on this march a strong party of our Army led by Colonell Sparereutter Rancountring with the enemies party by Schawbbishhall after a long skirmish the Emperialists were made to retire with losse towards the Castle of Danberg where Lievetenant Colonell Buckey that had the command of the Emperialists was sore wounded a Rut-master of the Crabbats and a Lievetenant was kill'd and aboue twenty six Souldiers besides a hundred and thirty were taken prisoners The newes came to his Majesty on our march which we continued from Winsen on Welmersdorffe and from thence the next day being the twentith of March to Furt a passe on the River of Pegnets a mile from Nurenberg where the Army lay but one night so long as his Majesty did visit Nurenberg and the next day our march continued towards a little Towne called Schawbach where his Majesty rested the Army two dayes till that the Duke of Wymars forces with Generall Banier coming from During were come within one dayes march of us his Majesties intentions being towards Donavert on the Danube where my Cozen Fowles with both his Regiments joyned with us His Majesty of Sweden accompanied with the King of Bohemia and Palsgrave Augustus and divers Princes more before their coming to Nurenberg they were met by the Lords of the Towne with a great convoy on horsbacke and were most nobly welcomed where the whole inhabitants were overjoyed at the sight of his Majesty of Sweden but chiefely their affections most abundantly did extend towards his Majesty of Bohemia which is impossible for any tongue to expresse But well I know my eyes did see their eyes shedding teares of joy being overjoyed with the sight of two Kings at once as they thought sent by the King of Kings for their reliefes and to make their welcome the more respected the whole City Burgers and Souldiers were in their brightest Armes and being conveyed unto the City they were sumptuously banqueted and in testimony of their love they gifted unto his Majesty of Sweden foure halfe Cartowes with all furniture belonging to them together with two silver Globes one Coelestiall the other Terrestiall there were also presented unto him drinking Credences many with some Antiquities that were rare and with all testifying their affection in way of complement they assure his Majesty that not only with words but with their whole estate they were ready to serve the common cause to die and live with his Majesty in the defence of the publique His Majesty thus taking leave of Nurenberg promises to continue their friend and shewes them he was to goe with his Army towards the Danow streame to see how to get a passe over the Danow for to visit the Duke of Bavier and he hoped he would make Tilly with his Army to retire thence But Tilly finding his Majesties Army growing still stronger and stronger he retired backe unto the upper Palatinat and from thence he crossed the Danow to joyne with the Duke of Bavaria to hinder our coming unto Bavaria being then of his owne forces neere eighteene thousand men foote and horse But many of them were new leavied folkes and the Duke of Bavaria had also a strong Armie together but for the most part they were such as could not indure the noise or whisling of the Cannon Bullets By this time Grave Henry William Fonselins being shot in the leg before Bamberg was departed at Swineford of a burning feaver contracted through the paine of the shot whose death his Majestie of Sweden did much lament The twenty-seventh Observation THE fifth of March 1632. his Majestie having left sure footing in the Paltz with a bridge over the Rhine and the Mayne where it enters into the Rhine where also was begunne as the Trophee of his victorie the foundation of a Citie and strength called Gustavus-Burg Then in the beginning of the Spring we sprung forth from the Rhine towards the Danow streame
to the Protestants in exacting their monies which they were made to repay againe Lege talionis Generall Tilly by this time had intrenched his Army aboue the Rhine by the side of the Leacke to hinder his Majesties passage unto Bavaria with a strong Army which lay on the other side of the River right against Tillies Army where his Majesty did set over a bridge made with boates and plankes having planted seventy two peeces of cannon great and small In the borders of the River which did play cominually into the middest of Tillies Army who were drawne up in Battaile on the other side to hinder his Majesties passage but our messengers were so swift and diligent that through importunity they obtained a grant of the passage where many were made to lie dead by our cannon for those that were not hurt by the Bullets they were lamed by branches and trees cut by the cannon being they stood in a thicke wood which shooting continued a whole day being on the fifth of Aprill 1632 a day ominous to Generall Tilly who was shot in the knee with a cannon bullet a cruell blow for an ould man of seventy two yeeres who being carried from thence to Engolstat died within three dayes being cruelly tormented with the smart of his wound Tilly being gone the Army discouraged for their great losse sustained The Duke remarking his Majesty would force the passage he thought best in time to retire taking his flight confusedly upon Engolstat and Nuburg after that Altringer then a Colonell was shot in the head and above a thousand did lie dead on the place they stood on His Majesty having crost over with the Army he incontinent commanded certaine Troopes to follow the fugitives getting orders to cut them off as they were found This victory happily attained unto by his Majesty incontinent the Towne of Rhine being the first frontier Garrison in Bavaria rendered up and his Majesty having beset Rhine with a Garrison he marched with the Army alongst the Leacke side on Ausburg where by the way a Commissary from Nuburg came to his Majesty making their excuse for receiving of Tillies forces and withall they declared that the enemy had quit their Towne againe and therefore they interposed with his Majesty for neutrality which being refused unto them a Garrison was sent to keepe them in awe to bring their landes in contribution and to repaire the bridge which was broken by the Dukes command His Majesty having continued his march towards Ausburg the eighth of Aprill we lay downe before it and immediatly we set over a bridge over the Leacke during which time the Commandant spared not his Amunition but continually Cannonaded amongst us but out batteries being once ready they received their interchange and his Majesty offered the Garrison free passage and to retire in safety with his folkes whether he pleased otherwise there should no quarter be granted unto them if they pressed to hould out longer whereupon the Governour resolved to accept of his Majesties offer and having made his Accord on the tenth of Aprill he marched out and was conveyed towards Engolstat Incontinent thereafter his Majesty did beset the Towne with a strong Garrison and the next day before his Majesty entred the Towne all Papists were ordained to assemble and meete at Leckhousen where they were set off the Towne Councell that were knowne to be Papists and Protestants were placed So that the fourteenth of Aprill his Majesty entred the Towne going first unto the Church called St. Annes Church and there in presence of his Majesty of Bohemia Palsgrave Augustus and Duke William of Wymar Duke Hannes of Howlsten Markgrave Christopher Fontarlach and Bawden and other Potentats and Ambassadours did heare a Sermon and praised God for the victory obtained against their enemies The Text being taken out of the twelfth Psalme and fifth verse For the oppression of the needy and for the sighes of the poore I will now up saith the LORD and will set at liberty him whom the wicked had snared After Sermon his Majesty went to the market place where some Swedens Regiments were brought and where the Burgers were also injoyned to come to present their service unto his Majesty and a table being set openly and covered a present was sent to his Majesty from the new set Protestant Councell of Corne Fish and Wine and the next day being the fifteenth of Aprill his Majesty with the whole Army was ready to march unto Bavaria The twenty ninth Observation GENERALL Tillie being neere unto his end behooved to make a march unto Bambricke to shew the Swedens by his retreat the right passe unto Bavaria with his owne death Wherin we have a notable example of an old expert Generall who being seventy two yeeres of age was ready to die in defence of his Religion and Country and in defence of those whom he served being then Generall for the Catholique League which end of his should encourage all brave Cavaliers following the laudable profession of Armes to follow his example in life and death as valorous Souldiers where we see that though death be fatall unto all yet such a death as happened unto this old Generall is only proper unto the valiant who though often contemned death and eschewed death during the warfare yet at last he is overtaken by Gods Almighty hand and power though formerly in his life-time he had escaped by the same providence many dangers And sometimes we see in the very entrance of warres some suddenly taken away to teach us alwayes to trust more unto God then unto the arme of man which is but a vaine strength Likewise though this worthy Generall did fight often and obtained many notable victories till this time against Kings yet at last he is overcome by a King and a more skilfull Generall then he was and though before the battaile of Leipsigh he did give no higher title to his Majesty then to a Cavalier Neverthelesse his Majesty hearing of his death called him Honourable old Tilly whose Acts were so Heroicke in his life time that after his death they were his everlasting monuments making his memory eternall suffering his name never to rot with the time And my wish were I might prove as valiant in advancing Christs Kingdome though I should die in the quarrell as he was forward in hindering of it my death then should not be bitter unto my friends I leaving an immottall name behinde me Also here we see the great force of Artillery either in forcing of passes against our enemies or in maintaining of passes with a little advantage of ground for seventy two peeces of Ordinance with such continuance were of mighty force to make passage to an Army for this victory was obtained by the force of our Cannon alone which made the enemy runne away before we could come at them to fight and the discouragment given unto them by the losse of their Leaders caused their disorder and consequently safety to us
to make us acquainted with the thundering of Cannon where no man were he never so stout could be blamed to stoope seeing the Cannon in the night fireing in a right line before him he that would not shift his body to eschew the graseing of a Bullet was not to be pittied if killed through oftentation Here death that cruell fellow courted all alike yet none was so enamoured as willingly to embrace him though well I know many brave fellowes were resolved to meet him for to give him the foyle before he came neere This night a Souldier though not stout might passe prentise in our Calling in one night for resolution where having stayed till it was day we retired to the Leaguer with great losse of men that were killed and hurt where they that had escaped the Malheur were glad to discourse at large of their nights watch His Majestie finding this Towne strong by nature situation and art lying on the Danube really fortified with a bridge over the River fortified also before the entry and the Towne being well provided of all furniture having a strong Garrison and in neede an Armie to supply it which made his Majestie for that time rise from it having gotten intelligence that the Duke of Baviers Forces by sleight had taken in Rhinsberg where the most part of the Armie was sent thither to beset the passe who immediatly after their entry disarmed the Citizens being all Protestants having quartered above twentie Souldiers in every house where also the Duke himselfe did march with the rest of his Armie knowing his Majestie was not able to gaine credit before Engolstat he went away suffering his Majestie to stay behinde to try his fortune against the Towne who also did breake up and marching away the enemy with a strong partie of Horsemen and of Dragoniers charged our Reare-guard Generall Banier being commanded to make the retreate where the enemy having charged he behaved himselfe well by good Command charging the enemy with small Troopes forcing them to retire while as the body of the Armie was retiring the Generall commanding still fresh Troopes one after another to receive the enemies charge till at last all were safely retired and the enemy retired also not daring to shew himselfe without the passes on the field being well beaten at an out-fall by the Swedens the day before The Retreate honourably made his Majestie continued his march on Mosburg having lyne that night on the Hill at Gysenfels having in the afternoone before drawne the whole Armie in one Front Horse Foote and Cannon for doing the funerall Rites of the Markgrave of Bawden whose corps being appointed to be sent away with a Convoy to be buried before their departure the whole Cannon was twice discharged and then the whole Musketiers of the Army from the right hand to the left did give two salves of Musket and after them the whole Armie of horse did give two salves of Pistoll This day also old Captaine David Ramsey was buried having died of a consuming Feaver The next day our march continuing towards Mosburg where we did lie five dayes his Majestie having sent Felt-marshall Horne with a strong partie of horse foote and Cannon towards Landshut where Hepburne with his Briggad was also employed The Towne not being strong the enemy after a little skirmish made with horse in the Feilds retired over the water casting off the Bridge behinde them they escaped having left a weake Garrison of foote in the Towne and Castle to make an Accord for keeping the Towne unplundered which was suddenly agreed on so that before night we were quartered in the Towne the enemy being retired where divers of our Briggad made bootie worth their paines The next day his Majestie hearing we had taken in the Towne did breake up with the Armie towards Memmungen leaving Orders for the Felt-marshall to joyne with the Armie at Freisingen having got moneyes for his Majestie both from Landshut and the Bishopricke of Freisingen for keeping them unplundered Hohnwart Pfafenhowen being two walled Townes with the Abbacie of St. Morris and the Abbacie of St. George were also brought under Contribution where the Boores on the march cruelly used our Souldiers that went aside to plunder in cutting off their noses and eares hands and feete pulling out their eyes with sundry other cruelties which they used being justly repayed by the Souldiers in burning of many Dorpes on the march leaving also the Boores dead where they were found A strong partie of the Dukes Souldiers thinking to have surprized the Swedens in their quarters they fell themselves in the ditch that they prepared for others so that very few of them escaped with life out of the Swedens hands By this time also Weysenburg not farre from Nurenberg was taken in by the Dukes Forces having got some Cannon from the Castle of Weiltzburg Neverthelesse the Swedens Garrison behaved themselves valourously in making an honourable Accord though those Papists unworthily brake their promise for those that would not willingly serve were cut downe and the Towne by condescending was also plundered their wives and children were abused and the Burgomasters and Preachers were taken prisoners unto Engolstat and the Ports of the Towne they razed and burnt The thirtieth Observation IN this Expedition as in all the former his Majesties wisedome and diligence is praise-worthy for prosecuting his victories so orderly on the hot sent as the cunning Hunter doth his prey in giving one sweat after another till he kill or derne in putting the Fox in the earth and then hooke him out or starve him Likewise His Majestie also very wisely advancing within his enemies Country First made the passes sure behinde him in case of Retreate or of scarcitie of Amunition or victualls most prudently he left Generall Ruthven at Vlme as Governour being his Magazin-place and surest retreate being also made certaine of the Duke of Wittenbergs friendship who in necessitie was able to furnish him with a great supply of men moneys victualls and Amunition for his Armie being then one of the most powerfull Princes within Germany As also his Majestie having got Ausburg under subjection be very wisely left a part of his Armie to subdue the adjacent Cities in Schwabland to helpe his Contribution as Memmungen Pibrach Brandenburg on the River Elve as also Middleham Kawffbire and Kempten on the Leacke and Elve and that by the industry and diligence of Generall Major Ruthven with the rest of the young Cavaliers of the Scots Nation that followed him such as Colonell Hugh Hamilton Colonell Iohn Forbesse Lievetenant Colonell Gunne Lievetenant Colonell Mongomerie Major Brumfield and divers other Scots Captaines such as Captaine Dumbarre that was killed by the Boores neere Vlme who all were obliged to Generall Ruthven not onely for their advancements but also for their meanes which they made in short time beyond their fellowes who had served longer by reason their lot was to have fallen in a fat soyle that abounded
till we were in suretie and by this time being the twenty-sixth of Iune Walenstine being joyned with the Duke of Boviere his Armie they marched towards Nurenberg where they met with Colonell Dowbattle his Dragoniers and with foure Troopes of spare Rutters horsemen which being defeated Colonell Dowbattle was taken prisoner who being a valourous Cavalier of much worth that had behaved himselfe well on many occasions as on this last The report whereof moved Walenstine out of his clemency to set him free within three dayes without ransome and after that they approaching to Nurenberg divers hot skitmishes past betwixt our horsemen and theirs where there was good service done of both parties for their credits in making their first acquaintance they interchanged a number of Bullets welcoming one another unto Nurenberg And on the twenty-eight of Iune they appointed their chiefe Magazine for their Armie to be at Fryenstat in the upper Paltz and on the thirtieth of Iune they came to Schawbach being then fiftie thousand strong of horse and foote we not exceeding sixteene thousand and on the fourth of Iuly they lay downe with their Armie betwixt the River Pegnets and the River Rednets being betwixt our Armie and Franconia from whence our Forces supply and victualls were to come and his Majestie for their welcome the fifth of Iuly did cut off three Troopes of Horse of theirs having got their three Cornets as Bonum omen unto us The thirty-three Observation HIS Majestie having concluded for to stand to the defence of Nurenberg against the strong and mightie Emperiall Armie led by Walenstine and the Duke of Baviere where we have first set before us the reasons of his Majesties Conjunction and Confederacy with Nurenberg against their common enemy First being both of one religion their consciences tied them not to see one anothers hurt or detriment Secondly they saw and considered that the good arising of the union redounded alike to both their wealls Thirdly the feare they had conceived of their owne weakenesse by reason of the enemies strength made them joyne the faster together Fourthly their hatred they bare to the enemies of the Gospell who sought nothing more then their overthrow and ruine made them looke the better unto themselves Fifthly his Majesty stood in neede of the Nurenbergers assistance of men meate and moneyes and they stood in neede of his Majesties concurrence to keepe the overplus of their meanes and the freedome of their consciences to themselves and their posterity by keeping the enemies fury off them All these considered they joyned hand in hand and with one courage they resolved to be enemies to those that were come to be their enemies finding it was lawfull for them before God and the whole world to defend themselves And therefore they prepared for it where at first the Towne of Nurenberg made up twenty foure strong Companies of foote that carried in their Colours the twenty foure letters of the Alphabet which they ordained for a supply for his Majesties Army that their City might be the better watched for they resolved their best remedy against feare was not to feare at all since they had Gustavus and his Fortunes under God for their Leader And therefore they were assured of deliverance from their enemies with the losse of a little mony and the spending of a little provision which they had long kept in store to sustaine them in their necessities having had within their walls to sustaine dayly besides the Army eight hundred thousand soules being no small burthen to a Land-towne Here also we see his Majesties fore-sight in giving a kinde of content unto his Army according to his custome at such times the enemy drawing neere unto him to tie the Souldiers and their Officers to the greater obedience unto his Majesties commandements to undergoe whatsoever he was to command them and for to grieve the enemies by the rumour of monies which then was given out to his Majesties Souldiers the enemies Army might be disbandoned and monies being so rife amongst them to forsake their owne Colours and runne away unto his Majesties Army It must needs have bin an extraordinary great provision that sustained so many soules a day within the City whereunto a great part of the country people Gentry and Boores had runne together for refuge being a great number of people besides the Army which was sustained for three moneths together by the providence of God the Rector and Governour of the world and the Fountaine of all goodnesse this Omnipotent Omniscient and Invincible GOD governing all and over-seeing all by his providence at this time did so direct this people in middest of their troubles that they having recommended themselves and the event of their affaires to this great God they concluded that it was better to prevent then to suffer under the Tyranny of their enemies And therefore they fell to worke in earnest for their owne safeties and the safety of his Majesties Army being under God resolved to protect them The thirty-fourth Duty discharged at Nurenberg and of the occurrences there HIS Majesty having Recognosced the City and situation thereof finding his Forces weake in respect of the enemies he resolved to take all the advantage he could in setting downe his Leaguer for the preservation of his Army and the safety of the City and therefore he caused to draw the draught of the Leaguer to goe in a circular Orbe round the whole City the water running through the middest of it The Leaguer begun at the East without the Suburbes called in Dutch Marke were towards the South to the part called Lightenhooffe where his Majesties quarter was and from thence towards the west to the Townes new workes crossing over the water This Leaguer being accomplished in ten dayes and in full defence with strong Skonces Redoutes Fossies batteries and being well fortified round with Stakkets without the Fossie and at all sorting Ports being well foreseene with slaught homes and triangles well fastened and close His Majesty then upon the North fide of the City made the retrenchment goe likewise round the City being also well fortified with strong Skonces and Fossies from the East unto the West beginning at the Marke Flect Were and going round the Inden boole even to St. Iohn and the water closed Above the water on the hight was made a great Skonce and another great Skonce was made in the corner at Gostenhooffe with deepe water graffes having workes without it againe and halfe moones also before Steeneboole over against Schwonnaw there was another Skonce fast and strong Likewise at the backe of the Dorpe Steeneboole towards the Leaguer there was another strong Skonce made likewise towards the wood at the South on the street called Rottenbacherstreete there was made an extraordinary strong Skonce set about with foure crossed Stakkets of strong timber so that there was no meanes to storme it the like was made on the streete called Altoffer streete These workes Skonces and Redoutes
was shot in the Arme and so retired Generall Major Rusteine being also shot did retire incontinent his Majestie commanded strong parties of commanded Musketiers out of all Briggads led by a Colonell a Lievetenant Colonell and a competent number of other inferiour Officers to leade on the partie towards the Hill to force a passage or entry unto the enemies workes which being hardly resisted the service went on cruell hot on both sides so that the parties were no sooner entered on service but it behooved the reliefes to be incontinent ready to second them death being so frequent amongst Officers and Souldiers that those who were hurt rejoyced having escaped with their lives seeing in effect the service desperate on our side losing still our men without gaining any advantage over our enemies being alwayes within their close workes while as we both Officers and Souldiers stood bare and naked before them as markes to shoot at without any shelter whatsoever but the shadow of some great trees being in a wood so that we lost still our best Officers and Souldiers while as the basest sort durst not lift head in the storme The service continued in this manner the whole day so that the Hill was nothing els but fire and smoke like to the thundering Echo of a Thunder-clap with the noise of Cannon and Musket so that the noise was enough to terrifie Novices we losing still our best Souldiers grew so weake in the end that the Briggads of foote had scarce bodies of Pikemen to Guard their Colours the Musketiers being almost vanished and spent by the continuance of hot service where the service was not alone amongst the foote in pursuing of the hill but also about the hill without the wood on the wings the horse men furiously charged one another being also well seconded by Dragomers and Musketiers that did come on fresh with the reliefes By one a clocke in the afternoone Dâ—ke William of Wymar commanded me being the first service I was on as Colonell for my credit to goe towards the Poste on the hill where the Grave son Torne was shot and to command those five hundred Musketiers I taking leave of my Camerades went to the Poste and finding the place warme at my coming divers Officers and Souldiers lying bloudy on the ground I went first and ordered the Souldiers on the Poste to my judgment as most to our advantage for our safeties and the harming of our enemies and perceiving the enemy sometimes to fall out with small Plottons of Musketiers to give fire on us and to spie our actions returning againe as their powder was spent to trap them the next time I advanced a Sergeant with twenty foure Musketiers to lie in Ambush to attend on their next out-coming which they perceiving came out no more but one single man to spie I retiring againe to my maine reserve to direct others sometimes standing sometimes walking and being taken notice of as a chiefe Officer the enemy commanded out a single man with a long peece who from a tree aiming at me shot me right above the Hanch-bone on the left side which lighted fortunatly for me on the Iron clicket of my hanger which cut close the Iron away taking the force from the Bullet which being battered flat with the Iron entred not above two inches in my side where I found a little Armes of proofe being well put on most commodious in preserving my life by Gods providence for that time Notwithstanding of this my hurt finding my selfe in strength though I lost much bloud I remained on my Poste till neere night my Lievetenant Colonell Iohn Sinclair was sent with five hundred Musketiers to telieve me where I did bring off but the least number of my men having lost neere two hundred besides those Officers and Souldiers that were hurt and my Lievetenant Colonell brought off the next morning fewer than I did for those who were not kill'd or hurt being in the night through plaine feare they left him so that at last he brought not off of his whole number above thirty Officers and all On this occasion a valorous young Gentleman being one of my Captaines called Patrike Ennis who having behaved himselfe well the whole time that he was on service being commanded amongst strangers on another Poste than mine a reliefe being come to releeve him he went to shew the Poste he was on to his Camerade and shewing him where his Centries stoode then after out of resolution to shew more courage than was needfull in open view of his enemy florishing his sword and crying aloud Vive Gustavus he was shot through the head being much regrated by all his Camerades Likewise with him a young man Hector Monro Catvalls Sonne uncommanded voluntarily having taken a Musket and gone on service he was shot alongst the braines and lived a fortnight after which shot was wonderfull for the side of his head that the Bullet lighted on the skull was whole neverthelesse through his great torment the Chirurgian having made incision on the other side of his head to see if the skull was whole but being found splent on that side so that his braines could be seene his wound was uncurable Likewise on this dayes service were killed on our side Generall Major Boctius Lievetenant Colonell Septer Lievetenant Colonell Macken Rutmaster Morrits Lievetenant Coâ—onell Welsten and divers inferiour Officers and above twelve hundered Souldiers the Grave Fon Erbach was also killed and divers Officers were hurt as the Grave Fon Ebersteene the Grave Fon Torne Colonell Porte and of our country-men under Spence his Regiment Captaine Traile was shot through the throate As also Captaine Vausse under Colonell Monro of Fowles his Regiment was shot in the shoulder and the Colonell of the Artillery Leonard Richardson with Colonell Erich Handson being both Swedens with two Lievetenant Colonells were taken Prisoners Likewise on this service there were hurt of our Souldiers above two thousand which were put under cure in Nurenberg The Officers killed of the Emperialists were Colonell Iacob Fugger Colonell Obdo Brandine Colonell Fon Maria de Caras and above forty inferiour Officers with twelve hundred Souldiers which they lost Likewise Walestine his horse and Duke Barnard of Wymars were both shot under them The day thus past in the night for the most part they lay quiet and the day being come I was commanded notwitstanding of my hurt by Duke William of Wymar having attended on him the whole last night to goe and receive five hundred Musketiers for to bring off those had bin all night on the Poste being ordained to come off with them and to make the retreate good I being gone to receive the party come together his Majesty coming by and knowing I was hurt commanded me to retire backe with the party and went himselfe to make the retreate wonderfully bringing them off from all Poasts without one shot of Musket or Pistoll till we drew up the Army againe within reach of Cannon so
that there were killed to me of my owne Company three Souldiers and having removed a little further off his Majesty drawing up the whole Army in Battaile Horse Foote and Artillery there was presently order given for drawing out of a new Leaguer the draught whereof being finished every Briggads quarter being knowne we begun to worke againe in sight of the enemy till that in spight of him we were closed in ten dayes time within a fast Leaguer againe which was strongly pallisaded without the Graffe where we did lie without invasion in quietnesse to the sixt of September that his Majesty perceiving the scarcity of victualls growing great from day to day and the scarcity of forrage Therefore his Majesty resolved to take the start of his enemy in being the first up-breaker knowing assuredly he was not able to lie long after him The thirty-sixt Observation HERE we see that nothing is more forcible to suppresse the vanting of an enemy than a timely succours as came here unto our Army in despight of the enemy who before their coming did mightily vaunt they would cut off our succours before they could joyne with us really and then they would with hunger starve both the City and our Leaguer which hardly they could doe we being provided of good men to fight as also of good entertainment to sustaine our number But the enemy feebly remaining within his workes though beyond us in number we thundered on them with Cannon repaying their cannonading spent before Verbine the yeare before on the Elve And it is thought that the invention of Cannon was found first at Nurenberg for the ruine of man being at first a long time used for battering downe of walles and Cities and for counter-batteries till at last they were used in the fields to breake the Squadrons and battailes of foote and horse some carrying peeces called Spingards of fâ—ure foote and a halfe long that shot many bullets at once no greater then Walnuts which were carried in the fields on little Chariots behinde the troopes and how soone the Trumpet did sound the enemy was thundred on first with those as with shoures of haile-stone so that the enemies were cruelly affrighted with them men of valour being suddenly taken away who before were wont to fight valiantly and long with the Sword and Launce more for the honour of victory then for any desire of shedding of bloud but now men are martery zed and cut downe at more than halfe a mile of distance by those furious and thundring Engines of great Cann on that sometimes shoote fiery bullets able to burne whole Cities Castles houses or bridges where they chance to light and if they happen to light within walles or amongst a Briggad of foote or horse as they did at Leipsigh on the Grave fon Torne his Briggad spoiling a number at once as doubtlesse this Devilish invention did within Walestine his Leaguer at this time Likewise here we have set before us the revolution of humane affaires being ever inconstant shewing us that good Fortune Lucke or chance as they call it is never still in one side for his Majesty that formerly was alike fortunate with few as with many here though having a mighty strong Army he is crossed being frustrate of his expectation arising by the neglect of a small point of recognoscing his Majesty having trusted too much to others wrong relation that did not satisfie themselves which made his Majesty contrary to his custome ingage his Army and once being ingaged upon slight intelligence the reliefes went on so fast the service being so hot for a time that it was long before the losse was perceived where it is to be pittied that the errour and fault of another should be made to posterity as his Majesties over-sight by those that know no better for though a King leading an Army had Argos eyes yet it is impossible he should looke unto all things himselfe The fault of one here we see with the losse of many was irrecoverable and he that before this day was the terrour of the Empire by his former successe being deceived with false intelligence is thought to have overseene himselfe the errour of another being imputed unto his Majesty in losing so many brave fellowes which should teach others to be the more circumspect in recognoscing before they should ingage men in bringing them upon the shamble-bankes Here also we see that his Majesty was was ever enemy to idlenesse for he had no sooner brought off his Army from pursuing his enemies but incontinent he sets them againe to worke for their owne safeties and that within reach of his enemies Cannon to the end it might not be said but he attended their out-comming lest his Army might be discouraged at a present Retreate after such a great losse for if the service had continued the whole Armie had beene indangered yet a valourous Captaine as our Leader was as he feares nothing entering on service so he ought to set light by nothing he sees tending to his prejudice but ought timely to retire with as little losse as he may for it were a grosse errour to despise our enemies through too much confidence in our selves for some times by despising our enemies as here we make them the more valiant and if they be ambitious the more respect we give them the lesse we neede to feare them And it is necessarie when an Armie doth get a clappe as we did here then incontinent and with all diligence we should presse to trie our enemie againe wheresoever we can have any advantage lest our enemy might judge us altogether to have yeelded and given over which were very dangerous The bouldnesse of one bould fellow at first being a Leader may ingage a whole Armie for want of judgement as was done here going before this hill of Nurenberg where as many were brought in danger as did tread in the first Leaders paths through lacke of judgement having beene all of them more heady than wise yet to dare being annexed unto vertue is the beginning of victory neverthelesse a hasty man in an Armie without judgement and discretion is to be disallowed of aswell as a coward On my Poste under the Hill after I was shot a sudden feare came amongst the Souldiers some thirtie horse having suddenly come through the wood as if they had beene chased the most part both Officers and Souldiers ranne away leaving mee with a few number on the Poste so that if the enemie had fallen out I could not have escaped from being kill'd or taken but as soone as they perceived that I with the Souldiers remained by me had unhorsed and taken some of the horsemen who were found to bee friends they being ashamed of their miscarriage retired having accidentally rencountred with Hepburs Captaine Lievetenant who brought them up againe whom I threatned to shew his Majestie of their behaviours neverthelesse being loath to incurre the hatred of a brave Nation for the misbehaviour of some
unworthy fellowes their blemishes I pressed to cover notwithstanding afterwards some of the Officers amongst themselves came to a publique hearing having blamed one another till the question and disgrace was taken away by shewing their particular courage in fighting one against another whereof I kept my self free suffering them to deale amongst them being Country-men This kinde of Panicke feare without cause doth betray many brave men and divers good enterprizes And therfore all good Commanders ought most carefully to looke unto it to avoyde the inconveniences incident unto the like while as they leade either partie or Armie Wee once marching through a woode towards Franckfurt on the Oder the white Regiment marching in the Van having a naturall foole that marched alwayes before them going within a bush throwing off his clothes returning naked and crying he had seene the enemie the whole Souldiers of that Briggad throwing downe their Armes they ranne backe on the next Briggad being Swedens and they running also away till they were holden up with pikes by our Briggad being the third who having stood and asked the reason of their running away in end being found a false and a foolish Alarum the poore foole was pittifully cut and carved by the Officers for the Souldiers phantasticke feare being a poore revenge for their cowardize so that we see by the example of the third Briggad that the best remedie against such Panicke feares is not to feare at all and none should leade Armies but those that are both wise and stout The thirty-seventh Duty discharged of our up-breaking from Nurenberg towards Newstat AFTER this last dayes service his Majestie having intrenched his Armie before the Emperiall Leaguer and finding them unwilling to hazard the Combate as also the scarcitie of victuals growing so great on both sides his Majestie resolved to beset Nurenberg with foure Regiments Fowles his Regiment being one Generall Major Kniphowsen had the Command over the Swedens and Generall Major Salammers-dorffe had Command over the Burgers and the Rex-chancellor Oxesterne was appointed by his Majestie to have the direction of all His Majestie leaving Nurenberg in this manner in the night he sent away his great Cannon with a Convoy towards Newstat and before day the whole Drummes had orders to beate first afore troope gathering and then a march so that we were in readinesse standing in Battaile before the enemies Leaguer by day where we stood till mid-day and then the whole Armie was commanded to make a quarter Toure to the right hand making our front before to be our left Flancke whereon our Coulours and small Ordinance did march and our right wing being our Van we marched off in view of the enemie Duke Bernard of Wymare with a thousand horse and five hundred musketiers commanded by my Lievenant Colonell Iohn Sinclaire who was appointed to march in the Reare for making our Retreate good which in a manner was needlesse seeing our enemie lacked courage to follow us but suffered us to depart in peace At night we drew up in Battaile a mile from the enemies Leaguer where we incamped setting forth strong watches of horse and musketiers on the passes betwixt us and the enemie and our Reare-Guarde betwixt us and them and our owne Guardes without our Briggads so having quietly past over the night the next morning we marched to Newstad being the fifteenth of September where we resolved to stay a few dayes attending what the Emperiall Armie would undertake having still an eye in our necke-pole We got intelligence that the Duke of Fridland Walestine and the Duke of Bavere did breake up with their Armies taking their march through Furt towards Boocke and then to Forcham burning off all the dorpes that lay nearest Nurenberg being all the valiant deedes they had done the whole Summer and the fourteenth of September being quite gone divers Burgers and Souldiers of the Nurenbergers with the Countrie Boores in all haste ranne unto their Leaguer where they found a thousand waggons besides those were burnt which they transported to Nurenberg together with a great quantitie of Iron above tenne thousand Centeurs of waight and a great quantitie of meale corne and flesh which all in foureteene dayes was not brought unto the Towne after their going whereat many did wonder The enemie also left behind them many sicke and wonded Souldiers uncured amongst whom all that time death was very frequent aswell of men as of beasts for thousands of horse and cattell were lost Likewise in the Swedens Leaguer about the Citie were fallen above foure thousand horse and cattell and within the Citie were also many dead As Walestine was come to Forcham he directed Generall Major Galasse with some horse and foote unto the Woigkeland who in his march by Nurenberg did deale very slightly with Lawffe Griffenberg Welden and Harchbrook which he tooke in and Griffenberg he burnt and in the rest he caused to cut off divers Burgers and Souldiers making many poore men with plundering and cruell exactions of mony and from thence in Woiteland towards Egger and further till he joyned with Holke being both as Simeon and Levi continuing their march towards the Elve taking in Kemnets Friberg Meissen and divers other partes exacting great contribution and borneshets or compositions pressing an infinite deale of money out of the Duke of Saxons hereditary lands using great and extraordinary enormities over the whole lands belonging to the Saxon by reason the Dukes Armie lay then farre off in Silesia not being possible for him to releeve his owne Countrey Walestine also from Forcham marched towards Saxonie and the Duke of Bavaria to quench the fire that was already kindled there by the Swedens marched to Bavere The Emperiall Armie thus separated his Majestie laie still at Newstad till such time as he saw their severall intentions and then disposing of his Armie accordingly First the Marquesse of Hamilton was gratiously dismissed by his Majestie taking his journey from thence towards France unto Brittaine and having taken leave of his Majestie at Newstad his Excellence was most honourably conveyed by the whole Officers his Country-men that served the Swedens who having taken leave of his Excellence a mile from the Leaguer they returned and his Excellence accompanied with Sir Iames Hamilton of Priestfeild Colonell Sir Iames Ramsey called the Faire Colonell and Sir Iohn Hepburne Colonell having taken good night of all their Noble Camerades they continued their journey unto Brittaine and we returned to prepare our selves for a march and a separation which immediatly the next day did follow his Maiestie having given orders to call in all Safe-guardes and the next morning to be in readinesse to march The thirty-seventh Observation THE separation of these two mightie Armies was wonderfull without shot of Cannon Musket or Pistoll the like we can hardly finde in any Historie We see then here that when the foundation of mans actions is laid sure by vertue the building hardly can faile especially when we
in two houres time after the Batteries were ready and that contrary to his Majesties expectation who did not expect the getting of it in lesse then six dayes The Dukes foote Souldiers were suffered to march out without Armes and the horsmen without their horses and his Majesty being offended with the Dutch Colonell called Metzfell notwitstanding of the recovery of the Towne he was brought before a Counsell of warres at Newburg on the Danow being accused he had given over the Towne without any necessity making his Accord contrary to his Officers wills which they having testified against him by a sentence of the Counsell of warre he was beheaded the eighth of October and those Officers of his Regiment which subscribed the Accord were ordained to carry no charge under his Majesties Army and the Officers which withstoode the Accord were assoiled from the sentence as faithfull servants to their Master The said day after the execution his Majesty returned with the Army towards Rhine from Newburg where againe his Majesty divided the Army and having beset Ausburg Rhine and Donavert well he tooke the yellow and blew Briggad with himselfe leaving our Briggad after long advisement and the rest of the Army under the Command of Palsgrave Christian Fon Brickfeld and Generall Major Ruthven to attend on the Dukes forces and to maintaine Schwabland with the passes which we had already in Bavaria His Majesty then taking leave of our Briggad in view of the whole Army thanked us for our former service and in particular he expressed his affection unto me and to Lievetenant Colonell Mustein shewing he was greeved to leave us behinde yet in respect of the long march he had unto Saxony and considering the weakenesse of both our Regiments that were weakned by the toyle of warre and the dint of the enemies Armies and therefore in consideration of their former good service he had ordained Muster-places for us the best in Schwabland for to strengthen our Regiments against his returne and withall commanded us to see it done as we would expect his favour and then calling on Palsgrave Christian to whom he had given command over us and the Army recommending us particularly unto him desired him to give us contentment of the monies were then resting unto us and that out of the first money was to be received at Ausburg Having after that taken leave of the whole Army his Majesty returned to Donavert where the Queene did attend his coming being making ready for the march unto Saxon. As soone as his Majesty had dined at Donavert with the Queene going to his Coach I tooke leave of his Majesty and the Queene in presence of Generall Banier Palsgrave Christian Sir Patrike Ruthven and divers other worthy Cavaliers being the most dolefull parting I ever suffered having bin still both I and our Regiment with his Majesty on all service of importance since his Majesties upbreaking from Stetin in Pemeren till this parting at Donavert on the Danube the eleventh of October 1632. His Majesty having that night lien at Nerlin from thence the next day he directed the Queenes Majesty with the soote Briggads to march on Dunkelspill and from thence to Rottenberg his Majesty then with a party went for Nurenberg and before his coming Kniphowsen with some forces was marched to take in Lawffe from the enemy who at first defended themselves well But in the end they were compelled to come forth and be at his pleasure and were all made prisoners By midday his Majesty hearing there were not farre from Nurenberg some Emperialists seene so soone as his Majesty had gotten sure intelligence of them he brake up with seventeene Troopes of horse and some foote and marched on Enschbrooke whence the Emperialists had gone but a little before his Majesty lying there that night getting intelligence againe of some Crabbats that did ly on the Castle Richell shewing there were some six hundred Emperialists coming to releeve Lawffe hearing of his Majesties being there they retired to wards Bavaria yet his Majesty following them in the night falls on them and cuts off three hundred where fifty were prisoners and two Cornets taken from them with a great deale of booty his Majesty then turning backe continued his march towards Saxony having left all behinde him in Franconia and Schwabland in good order his Majesty in all haste to releeve the Duke of Saxon and his country went from Nurenberg to Swinefort and from thence over During Vault where he joyned his forces with Duke Barnard of Wymar and then continued the march towards Arnestat where they lay still two dayes to refresh the Army wearied with hard marching and from Arnestat he marched to the generall Randez-vouz being then appointed at Erfort the Army being then eighteene thousand strong under whom there was no other Scots Regiment but Colonell Lodowicke Lesly his Regiment His Majesty having made a speech to the Counsell of Erfort he left the Queenes Majesty there and blessed her and then marched from thence on Boodestawde from whence Papenhaim with the Leguisticall Army had but passed a few dayes before and his Majesty having quartered the Army in the Ampt Freeburg he commanded Duke Barnard of Wymar with fifteene hundred horse to fall on the enemies reare or hinder Troopes But Papenhaim having in haste past over the Sale towards Morsburg the Duke could have no advantage of him but retired againe to his Maiesties Army His Maiesty understanding the Emperialists had sent thirty musketiers towards Nawmburg to get in the rest of the money they had promised unto Tilly the yeere before his Majesty incontinent commanded some forces with Colonell Brandesten to see if they could get in Nawmburg who having come before it the twenty ninth of October before day desired to make up the Portes in his Majesties name of Sweden those who had the watch at the Port answered it behooved them first to shew their Commanders of it otherwise they could not answer for it which they understanding unwilling to stay so long taking a short resolution with axes and hammers they cut downe the Port and entred perforce finding at another Port a wicket open they enter also and incontinent they bring the Towne in subjection the Emperialists then in the Towne were in danger if the inhabitants had not interceeded for them to spare them who did get quarters soone after six hundred Emperialists horsmen came before the Towne led by Colonell Breda who desired to make quarters in the Towne but beyond their expectation having perceived the Swedens horse-watch before the Ports altering their resolution incontinent they retired backe towards Visenfelts The thirtieth of October betimes in the morning his Majestie sets over the Sale with the Horsemen at the Dorpe Altenburg directing the Infantrie to passe at the Bridge where before mid-day the whole Armie were come to Nawmburg and marching by on this side of it they lay that day and two dayes after that in the fields before Iacobs Port on
òf their Successours punishment which I wish may not happen XV. Before the fall of Kingdomes arise dissensions that overthrow the confederates more than their enemies as it happened here in our late warres of Germanie after the death of his Majestie of Sweden the Dutch Princes especially Saxon slighting his Excellencie the Rex-chancellour of Sweden and his Directorium as Supreame calling him disdainfully a Pedant or a Penman So that wee see that dissension or discord amongst the Superiours was the first cause of the suddaine losse of Nerling Next wee see that the Countrie was destroyed not onely for their sinnes but also for not punishing of sinne For after his Majesties death what punishment was to be seene in our Armie none at all when our owne horsemen plundered their friends not being punished they began to intercept Letters and to robbe the common Poste and to hinder the Countries correspondencie and common traffique which being overseene and winked at by our Generalls they begun then to plunder the Chancelours owne waggons abusing his servants and taking his baggage thereafter the strongest amongst themselves set the weakest party to foote taking away their horses till at last the whole Armie refused to obey the Director and his Concilium formatum lying idle for three moneths in Donavert Leaguer suffering the enemie to over-runne the Countrie and all because that the Officers alleadg'd after his Majesties death that the Scriveners who followed the Chancelour were in better esteeme than the Cavaliers that had done notable good service unto his Majestie so that through this jealousie the Armie came in disorder being the first change and the rest piece and piece did follow till at last the whole Armie was lost through the number of wrongs that went before in the end custome and use of wrongs infected the nature it selfe and the lacke or want of punishment and the libertie and freedome which was given to offend at last the ruine of families that were famous did follow for not punishing of sinne We see then when a potent King and Heroique as Gustavus was in the time hee did live all things florished in a good order but he once gone the Cōmon-wealth was punished for their former sinnes committed in time of their plentie and peace when they had their heaven upon earth as other Nations have now who ought to looke unto themselves in time lest that the Lord raise not up an other Heroique to make them to be punished as other Nations have bin to the eversion of great Cities as Magdeburg and divers others for when the publique burthens doe grow then Governements doe change as was seene here for lawes being cast away and discipline put in fetters then suddenly did follow change and great ruine after the Kings death of worthy memorie XVI Nothing loses more as we see the common cause than the want of authoritie in one person as was formerly said of the Saxons jealousie over the Rex-chancelors Governement Also the same fault was seene in the Armie under Commanders as at Nerling betwixt Supreme Officers as also betwixt their inferiours who for want of one Supreme Commander as Gustavus was they could not agree among themselves Likewise the dissension and jealousie betwixt Duke Barnard and the Rhinegrave helpes nothing to the furtherance of the good cause being both brave Commanders though seldome seene command in one place and it is to be pitied how the Rhinegrave after the losse of Nerling not being bastant against the enemie was forced to swimme the Rhine on horse-backe and dyed soone thereafter who was a renowned valourous Cavalier as ever I was acquainted with of the Dutch Nation serving in those warres all these mischiefes were caused through the want of one Supreme Leader to conduct them as the enemie had Which should teach all men to submit themselves to authoritie lest by doing otherwise they procure their owne ruine XVII To repent a thing when it is done is most foolish which might have beene prevented with counsell for none that doe repent counsell can be esteemed wise Therefore a Counsellour should bee very faithfull never counfelling his friend for his owneayme lest he that is counselled perceive not his drift and then be deceived But counsell is taken from necessitie and follow'd And a good Commander deserves prayse as well for his wisedome as for his valour But evill counsell is a plague or judgement from the Lord yet those counsells are ever safest that come from him that will be partaker both of the danger and of the counsell Therefore it is not good rashly to use the counsell of a Traitor nor of an enemie but wee should rather examine and shift counsells and not trust easily and bee deceived Counsell then we see is the chiefeground to governe matters well being secret true and free without flatterie or respect of persons just and holy casting aside all private gaines and utilitie foreseing the publique weale and if thou wouldest be truly counselled thou must take heed to those Caveats first that the speech be wholesome and unreproveable his counsell profitable his life honest his sentence pleasant not wavering like a childe or unconstant neither ought you aske many what you would doe but shew it to a few and trustie friends which are rare to be found and when thy neere friends cannot resolve thee flee to those for their counsells whose daily experience is approved for their wisedome in their owne affaires and then you shall doe well XVIII Militarie discipline is lost when the crueltie and avarice of Officers is extended in detaining of Souldiers meanes and Supreme Officers neglecting to content Cavaliers make the whole Armie turne rebellious as at Donavert The Concilium formatum and their Treasurer having not given the Armie one monthes meanes complet of the whole contribution they had collected the yeere after his Majesties death but payed themselves and their Secretaries dulie which raised great envie against them the Armie having mutined for want of pay which made them afterward want both the contribution and the Country through misgovernement of their Consilium XIX It is in vaine for a Cavalier to feare any thing but God and the offence of his Supreme Officer for being honest modesty hindering his flight makes him victorious in middest of danger and of his enemies as chanced me and my Collegues at Rugenwoulde in Pomeren having escaped danger by Sea were come to Land in danger of our enemies but the Lord and the dutie we ought our Maister made us abide the danger of our enemies which the Lord turned to our best giving us victorie and freedome Shall I then distrust this God having had this time and divers times before great experience of his mercies God forbid No I will still trust in him doe to mee what he will for I know his mercies goe beyond all his workes and they endure for ever XX. A man unjustly hurt as many were that served the Sweden once escaped their Commanders are now their
love rather let all things seeme sweet unto thee for his sake who is and should be the end of all our thoughts of all our actions of all our speeches of our reading praying and meditating for through him we attaine unto salvation and everlasting life for his love we will not feare to die nor refuse to live Say then O Iesu how can I praise thee as I ought or thinke of thee as I am bound for thy infinite mercies Thee will I praise I will be readie to suffer for thee being assisted by thy grace I will magnifie and glorifie thee I humbly desire thy favour vouchsafe therefore to doe good unto me write my name in thy booke and let me never be blotted out but let me be accounted amongst the least of thine Elect I presume nothing of my selfe let all my comfort be in thy pretious bloud shed for me a sinner wherein I onely repose my desire is to be with thee in the land of the living in the Kingdome of heaven In the meane time I will behold thee in this life with the eyes of faith placing my joy in thee in this my pilgrimage and though I should be tossed too and fro yet will I retaine thee fast in my minde for thou art my brother that hast taken my flesh and bones on thee thanks be unto thee sweet Iesu that hast united thy humane nature unto the Divine unite me unto thee sweet Iesu and leave not my soule in the grave for thou art my Saviour and Redeemer for ever AMEN THE TABLE OF THE SECOND PART A. Page Letter ANDREVV and Iohn Monroes both died at Shevelben in the Marke 10 P. Authority laid aside he that obeyeth is as good as he that commandeth 14 V. Ambition grounded upon vertue maketh the meanest Souldiers mount from the lowest centry to the top of Honour 14 V. An Army sometimes is ruin'd by an idle and a vaine brute being brickle like glasse 16 Y. Avarice hath hin the losse of Armies and Kingdomes 82 Z. Ashamed we neede not be though poore being honest 96 A. Altringer shot in the head 117 Q. Ausburg given over by accord 117 R. Foure Armies against his Majesty of Sweden at once 126 I. Accidents of warre being infinite the knowledge of them can never be limited 155 E. Articles of warre the strictest lawes that are 161 R. A Christian Advertisment from over-mourning 170 F. An Advise to brave Leaders 93 W. B. The Benefit is great we have when Frontier Garrisons are well beset for the Enemy can be affronted in coming and going and we have time to draw breath 11 Q. A rare example of the valour of Blanch Rubea 27 M. A rare example of Bonne and her husband Peter Brunore of Parme. 27 N. Bonne being a woman yet she was valiant in Armes 28 O. At the Battaile of Leipsigh Sir Iames Ramsey Sir Iohn Hamilton and Colonell Monro of Foules commanded the Vangard of the foote Army 63 R. The Battell was begun the seventh of September 1631. in the afternoone betweene twelve and one 65 T. Few Britaines are induced to serve the Catholique League 75 N. Hohnwart Pfafenhowen Landshut with the Abby St Morris and the Abby of Saint George in Bavier all brought under contribution 122 A. The Boores in Bireland did cut off the Souldiers noses eares and legges 122 A. The Boores alleaged the dead were risen the Cannon being digged up out of the ground in Bavaria 125 G. The Boores in Schwabland being revolted are well payed 135 Z. The Boores though they grow pale for feare they are so impudent they never blush at their faults though they oftimes are well corrected for their errours 142 G. His Majesties Camer-yonker Boyen and Cratesten both slaine on a party at Nurenberg 145 N. The Boldnesse of one fellow being a Leader may engage a whole Army 152 Y. The Blew and Yellow as valorous old Souldiers charged well at Leitzen 163 T. A Bridge made over the Eler besides Kempten with small Cannon on their Carriage 176 R. C. Captaine Bullion his infalling in Rugenwald 4 L. Children doe sucke with the milke of their Nurses certaine beginnings of the evills to come our miseries growing as doth our age 7 N. A Commander keeping a Fort is like a body infected with a Canker who to preserve the body must resolve to lose a member 11 P. Colonell Mackey being gone for Britaine I was recalled to command the Regiment and to joyne my squadron to the rest at Statin 11 R. Colonell Monro and Sir Thomas Conway were both taken on to serve his Majesty of Sweden by my Lord Rhees Commission as Sir Fredericke Hamilton was by my Lord Forbesse 13 S. Colonell Lumsdell and Lievetenant Colonell Stewart brought over a Regiment for the Swedens service 13 S. A Colonell ought to have freedome to advance the Officers of his owne Regiment 13 T. Adiscreete Commander is better to be followed on little meanes then to follow proud Generalls for greedinesse of meanes 13 T. A Cavalier that hath merited well ought to be carefull to maintaine himselfe in credit according to his charge 21 C. Colonell Holke his Regiment lost seven Colours at Damaine 18 Z. Captaine Beaton behaved himselfe well against his Enemies at an out-fall by Damaine 18 Z. A Caveat to an Officer that hath prospered well timely to dispose of his plenty 20 C. Captaine Gunne Beaton and Lermond with their Officers were made Prisoners 23 F. Captaine Ennis and Lievetenant Lumsdell escaped from the Enemy 23 F. Captaine Iames Lyel was murdered 28 H. How Captaine Gunne was advanced 28 H. Captaine Henry Lindesey advanced being rewarded for vertue 28 I. Couragious hearts are oftimes hidden under uncleanly raggs 62 P. Change of Leaders changes oftimes fortune 50 Z. Colonell Tivell shot in the left Arme recognoscing before Francfurt on the Oder 31 V. Colonell Lumsdell his behaviour commendable at Francfurt 33 W. Commanders are to be pitied who undertake to leade others being blind themselves 35 Z. Captaine Dumaine died at Francfurt to whom succeeded David Monro 40 F. It s Commonly scene that those who feare least are soonest overcome as doth witnesse the taking of Francfurt on the Oder and Lansberg on the Wert 40 G. The Castle of Spandaw given unto his Majesty by the Duke of Brandenburg 43 L. The Citizens of Madeburg discommended for their pride 45 P. Captaine Andrew Monro Ferne his Sonne was executed at Statin in Pomeren who at the siege of Trailesound behaved himselfe well being made lame of an Arme. 47 S. The Common-wealth must needs decay where the feare of God is taken away and then the ruine of the people doth follow 48 V. Colonell Dowbatle with his Dragoniers did take in Tangermund on the Elve 49 W. Colonell Monro of Foules with his owne Regiment alone tooke in the Castle of Bloe in Macleburg 49 X. Cannon a hundred and fifty were planted about the Royall Leaguer before Werben 51 Z. The Conjunction of Brethren against Gods Enemies is
heart into his mouth they also killed the Preacher who being on his knees begging life was denied mercy The ninth Observation HAppie is he who opens the fruitfull earth and croppes her plentie from her fertill bosome tasting the harmony of peace singing away his labours all day having no note drowned with noise of Drumme nor Cannon but sleepes with peace at night not over-awde by the Tyrants of the earth leading the Rancks of bloud and death as these cruell murderers did at this time by their monstrous and prodigious massacre breaking the peace of God swimming in Christian bloud without mercy to Officer Souldier or Preacher heaping up wrath on their own soules against the day of their appearance before that great Iudge that shall judge both the quicke and the dead Out of our enemies crueltie used here we ought to learne to forbeare the like lest one day we might be used as they used our friends and Country-men for we may be revenged on our enemies crueltie repaying them in a Christian manner without making Beasts of our selves in not shewing mercy being sought of us which is to be more cruell than Lyons who will not stirre those who stoope unto them And there is no greater token of injustice than to doe that unto another that we would not have done unto our selves And would'st thou have mercy that refusest to shew mercy being sought of thee No truely it is just with God that he misse mercy that refuseth mercy unto others and to have courage without mercy is to bragge of vertue and lacke the right use of it Was there greater perfidie in the world than was used here at the in taking of this house willingly to harme the dead and the innocent For to wrong an innocent Preacher was savage beseeming a beast not a man and to give a stabbe as was done here for the innocent smile of an Infant was devillish blacke at the heart We reade in the Turkish Story of a childe that strucke an intending murtherer into a swound with offering to embrace him Would to God all those that refuse mercy were so stricken dead to terrifie such tyrants as they were And I perswade my selfe none but villanous persons being Commanders ever suffered the like to have beene done without moderation but I hope haughtie and violent minds will never blesse the owners but that by Domineering they shall fall like Duft This worthy Cavalier of famous memory after his death thus unchristianly used let no man judge by his end that he in his life time used any man but generously for I dare affirme though sometimes he was subject unto passion it continued not long he being of a good sweet and milde nature and very kinde and constant where he professed friendship and as devout in the profession of his Religion professed in Scotland as became a good Christian being sincere And commonly his custome was leading Troopes on service till he came in Action he went before them bare-headed praying for a blessing to his actions as he hath told me himselfe having asked a reason for this his manner of carriage he scorned in all his Onsets to have been any thing but a Leader alwayes teaching by the strongest authoritie his owne forwardnesse by his owne example And as his humour scorned to be so base as to flatter so he did hate to be so currish as to bite But he was ever indued with inviolable Amitie joyned with invaluable love and as he was couragious so he was constant in the one withstanding his enemies in the other entertaining his friend In a word he was a resolute Christian and a man truely honest and therefore I perswade my selfe his death was but the beginning of his joy and the end of his misery having therefore written nothing amisse of him I neede desire no pardon But I know some men will object as a blame in him that he refused a Parlé while as there was no appearance either of reliefe or holding out to which I cannot otherwise answer than he answered himselfe to some of the Officers that were most inward with him which was that he was sorry the charge of the bloud of so many soules did lie on his shoulders But if he should give over that house he was perswaded the King his Master would cause to hang him seeing he had enemies about his Majestie who would make him die though innocent Therefore he resolved to die honourablie rather than his name should be brought in question and then to suffer at last Here also we see a poore Minister in his last Act giving good example not terrified with the horror of death nor crueltie of his enemies but on his knees being denied of mercy from man begs mercy of God dying as a Martyr persecuted unto Death A happie death to him being resolved with God and his Conscience to die innocently like a valiant Souldier of Christ incouraging others even in the last Act of his Calling A happie man dying in sinceritie time shall not out-live his worth he lives truely after death whose pious Actions are his pillars of remembrance for though his flesh moulder to drosse in the grave yet his happinesse is in a perpetuall growth no day but addes some graines to his heape of glory The tenth Duety discharged of our March unto Lowland leaving three Companies in Fune MY Colonell and his Officers being parted for Scotland to bring over a Recrew I being left to command the Regiment In November I received orders from his Majesty to leave three Companies in Funland and to march my selfe with the other foure Companies and the Regiment staffe unto Lowland the reason of our march was the Emperialists having by shipping crossed the Belt and taken the Isle of Feamor under their contribution Lowland the Queene Mothers dowry being next unto it and without souldiers his Majesty was afraid the enemy out of Feamor might set over with shipping destroy the land and retire againe seeing there was no fortified City within Lowland though it was the Fertilest soyle within Denmark to prevent this inconvenience I was ordained to march thither and to quarter the Companies in the most convenient parts of the land and to remaine there during his Majesties will having onely charge to watch where our Garrisons lay and the Boores were ordained to watch night and day alongst the coast at such places where the enemy might land This march though short was tedious being in the middest of winter the wayes deepe and foule being fat clay ground the best and fertillest part in Denmark and the march was the more troublesome that we were forced in the winter time to crosse the Seas over the Belt twice Marching through Langland having quartered there a night there happened an odious complaint to be made on a souldier called Mac-Myer of Monro his Company for forcing the Boores daughter where he quartered The Boore complaines to the Commissary and the Commissary to me to satisfie justice we called a
consideration of the situation of the place being on the one side fortified by nature yet beyond nature and probabilitie of reason This strong Garrison was forced to yeeld to Gustavus who was Mars his Minion and Fortunes Favourite or rather their Master as we see by his frequent Victories obtained against his enemies who though strongest are made to submit to the weakest partie where we may see that as industry is fruitfull so there is a kinde of a good Angell as it were waiting ever upon diligence carrying a Lawrell in his hand to crowne her And therefore it was that they said of old that Fortune should not be prayd unto but with hands in motion which made this valiant King love ever to be busied in vertues exercise befitting a Generall that carried a minde as this Invincible King did while he lived still rising to blessednesse and contentation It is commonly seene that those who feare least are commonly overcome as became of Francford on the Oder and this Towne also and though victory we see be from God yet to overcome an enemy the courage and skill of Commanders is very requisit and necessary And where good military discipline is observed as was done here there confidence doth arise perswading us we can doe what we please Of this opinion was our Leader and our Armie never doubted of their owne valour nor of their Leaders good Conduct which made our Victories the easier to be gotten Here also we see the goodnesse of intelligence for had his Majestie not gotten the Black-smith or some other like unto him to have beene intelligencer and guide to winne through the shallow Trinkets he led us to the Damme upon the head of their Watch who were surprized hardly could we have overcome this Towne on such a sudden for without this good of intelligence which is so necessary and of so great a moment in warres nothing or very little can be effectuated in unknowne places For good Intelligencers are so requisit in an Armie that no meanes ought to bespared on them providing they be trustie for one designe or secret of our enemies well knowne may bring all the rest we desire to a wished end or at least preserve us and ours from danger This Black-smith that was our guide in leading us towards our enemy at our first on-going on service the enemy playing hard with Muskets neverthelesse he went on without feare under-taking alike danger with our selves but finding in time of hot service some falling besides him our powder being a little wet and not giving so good report as the enemies did he then said he would returne to his Majestie and send us better powder yet I thinke though here there did appeare some lacke of constant resolution in him that time exercise and frequency of danger would make him a brave fellow being of a strong and a good able body but in my opinion the stoutest of men till they be a little acquainted with the furious noise of the Cannon will naturally feare and stoope at the first Likewise his Majestie was to be commended for his diligence by night and by day in setting forwards his workes for he was ever out of patience till once they were done that he might see his Souldiers secured and guarded from their enemies for when he was weakest he digged most in the ground for in one yeare what at Swede Francford Landsberg Brandenburg Verbum Tannermonde Wittenberg and Wirtzburg he caused his Souldiers to worke more for nothing than the States of Holland could get wrought in three yeares though they should bestow every yeare a Tunne of gold and this he did not onely to secure his Souldiers from the enemy but also to keepe them from idlenesse When they were not employed on service they were kept by good discipline in awe and obedience and that with as great moderation love and discretion as could be And his Majestie knew well that our Nation was of that nature that they could take to heart the austere carriage of their Commanders were they never so good For while as sometimes through his Majesties impatiencie he would cause to imprison some of our Country-men without solicitation his Majestie was ever the first did minde their liberties for he knew their stomacks were so great that they would burst or starve in prison before they would acknowledge an errour committed against their Master except it were of negligence Moreover nothing can more discourage a Citie Fort or Strength that is beleaguered than when they see their secrets discovered and their passages from reliefe cut off as it was seene of those that yeelded up the Skonce to Sir Iohn Hepburne being contented to come in the Colonells mercy seeing themselves barred from all reliefe Likewise the dutie of Leaders that lead men on service ought to be limited with discretion and not to advance further than with conveniency they may retire againe if need be lest by too farre advancing they not onely indanger themselves but also ingage others for their reliefes to indanger all and a fault committed in this kinde through too much forwardnesse merits a harder censure than remissenesse with discretion seeing in the latter a man is but censured alone but committing the former errour he loseth himselfe and others Here also we found by experience that the spade and the shovell are ever good companions in danger without which we had lost the greatest part of our followers Therefore in all occasions of service a little advantage of ground is ever profitable against horse foote or Cannon And for this it was that the best Commanders made ever most use of the spade and the shovell and that in such ground as was found most commodious for their safeties We see also here his Majesties disposition in entertaining his Officers kindly after victory esteeming them not as servants but as companions in his mirth as a wise Master ought and should doe to those he findes obedient to his Commandements incouraging them another time to undergoe any service or danger for his sake that was so kinde and familiar with them joyning their hearts as well with his love as with his bountie for he knew well nothing was more able to bring victory next under God than good Commanders As also his Majestie knew that to be courteous unto his Officers was the way to triumph over his enemies The tenth Dutie discharged of our March to Berlin and from thence to Spandaw and backe to Botsaw THE eighteenth of Aprill 1631. the enemy being marched out of Landsburg towards Gloge his Majestie having beset Landsburg with a Garrison we marched backe to Francford on the Oder where we did rest us with the Armie till the twenty-ninth of Aprill during which time there were Ambassadours going mutually betwixt his Majestie and the Duke of Brandenburg at last having condescended on some points his Majestie brake up with the Armie and marched towards Berlin and were quartered by the way at a passe called Pance being
being on this march royally accompanyed by his Majestie of Bohemia whom his Majestie esteemed of as of himselfe in all quartering ordaining his quarters before his owne continuing the march through Franconia in suretie having the yeere before freed that whole circle from the enemie so that the Inhabitants had given their Oath of fealtie unto His Majestie This March was pleasant through a plentifull Countrie at this time being a pregresse befitting two Kings with a Royall Armie and forces from other partes joyning with us as we drew neere our enemies we made all sure behinde us both for our Retreates in case of neede as also for the safetie of those were to come after us and thirdly for the furnishing our Armie in Amunition and victuals to be brought unto us in case of want His Majestie here being of intention to get a passe over the Danow having before made the Towne of Vlme sure for his retreate for the more abundance his Majestie resolved to have the passe of Donavert being the right passe betwixt Nurenberg and Ausburg Before Tillyes Armie could joyne with the Duke of Baviere his Majestie resolved it was not best to give them time but with celeritie concluded to march towards them knowing it was but follie and madnesse to stay till they were joyned and the Duke of Baviere being assured of his Majesty comming to visit his Countrie he closed the passes the best he could both Donavert Rhine and Ratisbone And as he did beset well the frontier Garrisons before his Majesties comming he also very circumspectly betimes tooke all victuals out of his Majesties way towards Engolstat as a wise Commander ought to doe where he made his Magazin being the onely part he was assured of for his retreate and such a parte as he knew well we were not able to get without treason and then being assured he had time to provide an Armie to oppose his Majesty himselfe not being taken unawares It is the dutie of all good Commanders at their downe lying and uprising from quarters to be very carefull to prevent fire seeing thereby the whole Armie may be endangered by the losse of men Amunition Armes and Artillery and since such losse is irrecoverable our care should be the greater to avoyde the hurt And therefore Order should be given to all Guardes to make diligent roundes over the Quarters to prevent the like accidents and to give Orders to the Gavilliger and his servants to oversee all sires and to see them quencht at all upbreakings and dislodging otherwise the enemy being neere great inconvenience might happen and if any enemy at such times trusting to our disorder should offer to invade us finding the contrary it were easie to beate them backe as also it were a fit time to try their valour they being more than halfe afraid But I will advise all you that desire to gaine credit to seeke out your enemy rather than to stay his comming unto you and by this meanes haply you may set up your Trophees in his owne Country to speake to posteritie as doth Gustavus-Burg betwixt the Maine and the Rhine The twenty-eight Dutie discharged of our March to Donavert for the In-taking of it THE twenty-fourth of March his Majestie with the Armie continued the march from Schwabach towards Donavert upon Ottengen Pleinfelt and went before the Castle of Mansfield on the hill being the strongest of any one in Dutchland and finding he could get nothing done young Papenham being Commandant there was advertised by his Majestie if that he would not give over the Castle his Fathers Earledome thereabouts should be ruind which he though unwilling behooved to suffer but the Cavalier regardlesse of his Majesties threats did keepe out the Castle so that his Majestie for that time was forced to leave it His Majestie leaving a strong Garrison in the Towne next to it he continued his march towards Donavert and quartered the Armie on the Hill above the Towne by this time his Majestie of Pole died as also then Duke Barnard of Wymar had put a thousand Finnes on the other side of the Rhine in Bissen and beset Spier at which time the Spaniard againe did set over the Mosell of intention to relieve Franckendale but was sent backe with shame over the Mosell by the Dukes Armie then left in the Paltz at which time the Chancellor Oxensterne being there in person and Palsgrave Christian Birkafield his Excellence the Rex-chancellor caused the Dutch Regiments marching towards the enemy to beate the Scots march thinking thereby to affright the enemy but it fell out contrary the Dutch that marched in the Van with the Scots march being charged by the enemy made a base retreate till they were holden up againe by the valour of the Scots that were there viz. Sir Iohn Ruthven and his Regiment having had all his Officers of valiant Scots as Lievetenant Colonell Iohn Lesly Major Lyell Captaine David King and divers others resolute Cavaliers that stood to it with the assistance of Colonell Lodowicke Lesly and his Regiment and Officers being all old beaten Souldiers formerly called Sir Iohn Hamiltons Regiment by their valour resisting the enemy and encouraging their Camerades who were flying the victory that before was doubtfull is restored againe to the Swedens so that Palsgrave Christian did sweare in audience of the whole Armie to his Excellence the Rex-chancellor that had it not beene for the valour of the Scots Briggad they had all beene lost and defeated by the Spaniard Here also was evidently seene as was formerly mentioned the valour of Rutmaster Hume in view of his Excellence in defeating the Spanish horsemen being farre inferiour in number unto them where the Dutch Cavalerie led by him repaired the over-sight of their Infanterie that had the Vanguard To returne to the beleaguering of Donavert wherein did lie Hertzog Randolph Maximilian of Saxonlawenburgh with fifteene hundred Souldiers and five hundred Boores of foote wherein were also five hundred horsemen who finding his Majestie was come to visit him resolved to defend the Towne so long as he could and to that effect begunne with Cannon and Musket to play amongst us who seeing his Majestie had caused to plant some Cannon before the Port to play alongst the Bridge he sallied out bravely and did beate the Swedens that guarded the Cannon from their Cannon which they nayled and a Scots Captaine called Semple that commanded the Swedens was blamed for the Swedens fault that did leave him alone who unwisely fearing to be taken prisoner came off after his fellowes and we having beaten backe the enemy the Captaine was put in arrest till he were heard before a Councell of warres Incontinent after that his Majestie planted Batteries on the hill for to play with Cannon on a long stone-house that lay on the other side of the River wherein were a number of foote and horse come from Bavaria to strengthen the Garrison but their entry was hindered by our timely comming on
in riches and as their service to his Majestie was faithfull and loyall so his Majestie was liberall and bountifull in advancing them to titles of honour As also in bestowing on them Cadoucks and casualties to inrich them more than others whose fortunes were not to be so rewarded though their deservings were no lesse so that being rich in credit they care not for the want of abundance of externall things being inwardly contented through their vertue Here also we see that as his Majestie was circumspect for his retreate even so he was fore seeing for the safetie of his Armie in not hazarding to ingage it too farre with disadvantage against the Dukes Armie and the strong Citie of Engolstat being the best Strength for one within the Empire Neverthelesse having once recognosced the Citie he would not leave it till he had showne his resolution and left his intrenchment as the tokens of his worth in hazarding to beleaguer it having an Armie to second them and while as his Majesties horse was shot under him he said it did put him in minde he was but mortall and subject to mischances as others and therefore he knew no better remedie but to resigne himselfe and all his to the providence of the Almightie and that he was perswaded that though God should call him out of the world yet the Lord would not abandon his owne Cause being so just but he was assured God would stirre up some other worthier than he to put a period to those warres for the libertie of Gods service in Dutchland and withall he tooke God to witnesse he had no other intention in prosecuting those warres but onely to pull downe the tyranny of the house of Austria and to obtaine a solid and a setled peace unto all men that were interessed in the quarrell Where by this his speech we see that as he was a brave and a valourous King so he was wise at this time in preserving himselfe and his Armie from losing them before such a strong Citie As also we see that the Conditions of mortall men have their changes common unto them that oft-times they are crossed by contrary fortunes as formerly they did prosper and the Lord doth hide the causes of both from us to spurre us ever to seeke to his Majestie in doing good and those good of themselves as this just King was who notwithstanding had need of Gods direction in all his wayes and enterprises which should make us all earnest in seeking the Lord to direct us in all our wayes seeing of our selves we are not able to doe any thing that is good neither ought we to ascribe any thing of our prosperous successe or fortune unto our selves being but the Lords servants and instruments he useth as weake meanes of his glory and the well-fare of his Church on earth Our daily delight should be then to learne wisedome out of the actions of others and like the Bee that makes the honey to converse amongst good company that we may savour at least of their goodnesse following the footsteps of this Heroick and godly King fructifying ever during our life times unto all sort of well-doing till such time as we may end with glory living after death Moreover here we see his Majestie though on a march not neglective to discharge that last and honourable dutie to the corps of that noble and worthy Cavalier the Markgrave of Turlagh and Bawden by making the whole Armie to give two Salves of Cannon Musket and Pistoll in comely order as the Custome is at such times where it is to be regrated how oft-times death doth prevent the expected goodnesse of many a brave fellow as this young Cavalier was the worthy sonne of a worthy Father who carried divers times the title of a Generall Here also I would exhort by the way all worthy Souldiers who aime at credit never to give themselves to mouze or plunder aside from the Armie lest they be punished in dying ignominiously by the hands of cruell tyrants as the ignorant Papist-Boores that have no more knowledge of God than to tell over their Beads being taught as their best devotion and knowledge of the mysteries of God tending to salvation to glory in their ignorance which makes many of them to commit any wickednesse what soever to winne damnation to themselves being once commanded by a Priest that can make the poore ignorant beleeve that to doe wickedly is the way to heaven Who cannot then see how detestable this Doctrine is that gives people libertie to commit all villany and then to assure them of pardon for it The use then we should make of this who professe another truth is to abhorre their examples of life as we doe their doctrine seeing wee should know that no crime before God is so abominable as to glory in sinne for where sinne groweth there groweth also the punishment And he that sinnes openly with an out-streched necke as these villaines did in Wisenburg in sight of God and before the Sunne and the world they offended double teaching others by their example to sinne Happie therefore is the man who delights not in sinne but happier is he that glories not in sinne yea happiest of all that continues not in sinne but repenteth of the evill done and ceaseth to doe so any more The thirty one Duty discharged of our Expedition unto Munchen and of our abode there BEing retired from Landshut a pretty little Towne and Castle in Bavaria lying on the Eiser we continued our march after his Majesty and marched towards Frising where we joyned with his Majesty and incamped over night in the fields where his Majesty had intelligence that Wallestine with a strong Army was on his march towards the upper Paltz which made his Majesty make the greater haste to visit Munchen the Duke of Bavaria his chiefe Towne of residence having made the Bishop of Frising pay fifty thousand Dollers and promise contribution beside out of the whole Bishopricke and continuing our march the sixth of May towards Munchen on our way the Commissioners from Munchen did come and salute his Majesty offering all kinde of submission for to spare from plundering of their City and from ruinating of their houses and policy His Majesty lying over night in the fields within halfe a mile of the City his Majesty commanded Colonell Hepburne with our Briggad to march away and to make the Circuit of the Towne to lie over-night at the bridge that went over the Eiser with his Briggad to guard the bridge that none should passe or repasse till his Maiesties coming to the Towne which accordingly we obyed and guarded the bridge till the next morning his Maiesty encamped the whole Army without the Towne marching in with our Briggad alone where Colonell Hepburnes Regiment had the watch on the market place and the guarding of the Ports his Maiesty of Sweden and the King of Bohemia being lodged on the Castle I was commanded with our Regiment and my
Lord Spences Regiment led by Lievetenant Colonell Musten and ordained to lie in the great Courte of the Palace night and day at our Armes to guard both the Kings persons and to set out all Guards about the Palace where I was commanded with our whole Officers not to stirre off our watch having allowance of Table and diet for us and our Officers within his Maiesties house to the end we might the better looke to our watch and the command of all directions under stayers was put upon me being then Commander of the Guards where I had power over the whole offices belonging to the house and might have commanded to give out any thing to pleasure Cavaliers having stayed in this charge three weekes nobly entertained Here in Munchen the Boarish-Boares alleadged the dead were risen since before his Maiesties coming by the Dukes command the great cannon were buried side by side in the Magazin house whereof his Maiesty being made acquainted they were digged up out of the ground and carried away to Ausburg above one hundred and fourty peeces of Cannon great and small whereof there were twelve Apostles and other Cannon which formerly were taken from the Elector Palatine and the Duke of Brunswicke with their names and Armes on them of which one was found wherein there were thirty thousand Duckets of gold being a present for a King Likewise in this Magazin house there were found clothes and Armes ready to cloth an Army of ten thousand foote which helped our Army much many other rarieties were gotten in this house worth much mony which were transported away by both the Kings As also all the Dukes servants of his whole houshold were there that bare offices about the house and the house it selfe was as well replenished and furnished as any Kings Palace needed to be of all magnificent furniture for bed board and hangings which were sumptuous and costly Here also about this Palace were pleasant gardens fish-ponds water-workes and all things yeelding pleasure in the most splendid grandure that can be imagined with a pleasant Tennis-court for recreation where both the Kings sometimes did recreat themselves Moreover this house was so magnificently situated that for three miles about it there was such pleasant Hare hunting that sometimes we could see the Hares flocking together in troopes above twenty As also for the Princes pleasure there could be brought together in prospect of the Palace heards of Deare sometimes above five hundred at once and sometimes for pleasure a thousand to be brought together His Maiesty having remained here above a fort night and getting intelligence of some turbulent uproares made by the Papists Boores in Schwabland his Maiesty leaving Generall Banier to command over the Army at Monchen his Maiesty with a strong party of horse and two Briggads of foote marched towards Memmungen in Schwabland and having presently stilled the uproare he retired upon Ausburg and from thence to Munchen againe where his Majesty on a sudden taxed the Towne in a hundred thousand Rex Dolours which the Burgers and Clergy were willing to give his Majesty to keepe the City unplundered for which summe there were fifty of the speciall Burgers and Clergy given as pledges unto his Majesty till paiment were made of the monies against a certaine day and to that effect the pledges were sent with a Convoy unto Ausburg to be kept there till the monies were paied His Majesty then fearing that Walestine lately made Generalissimus to the Emperours whole Army was coming with a strong Army out of Bohemia and his Majesty thinking he was to fall with those Forces into the Duke of Saxons country and seeing the Duke of Bavier had his Army ready at Rhinsberg and the passe open he might joyne with Walestine when he pleased and therefore his Majesty resolved suddenly to breake up with his Army from Munchen giving orders all should be in readinesse against the twenty sixth of May to march towards Donavert and from thence in haste to Nurenberg The thirty-one Observation WISE Generalls must resolve in time to rule their affaires according to the occurrences happening in the course of warres for the Duke of Bavier finding himselfe after Tillies death and his losse sustained at Rhine on the Leacke not bastant to rancounter his Majesties Army in the fields he very wisely resolved to make a defensive warre betaking himselfe with his Army within his Strengths and Passes collecting his Forces together at those two places of Engolstat and Rhinsberg which his Majesty perceiving thought againe it was not time for him to enter in beleaguering of such strengths being so strongly beset and so well provided especially seeing his enemies were drawing strong to the fields from all parts The Spaniard forcing his troopes on the Rhine within the Palatinat Generall Major Ossa coming behinde him with an Army in Schwabland the Duke of Bavier lying strong with his Army betwixt him and Nurenburg on the passes of Engolstat and Rhinsberg Walestine also drawing neere to the Duke of Saxon with a strong Army to fall into his country betwixt his Majesty and home and Papenhaim then dominiering in the nether Saxon Creitches in consideration whereof his Majesty very wisely resolved to hang the little Townes Cloisters and Abbacies belonging to the Papists in Bavaria by the Purse taking of them on the sudden all the monies they were able to give him and pledges for the rest promising unto them unlesse they would duely pay their promised contribution unto his Commissaries the next time he would burne their Dorpes and houses and put all to the sword whereas then he had used clemency in hope they would give the like obedience unto him as unto the Duke their Master For his Majesty did see the enemy forced him by a diversion And therefore he used his time while he was in Bavaria that they might not forget he had bin there but rather tooke tokens with him as men mony Armes rare monuments of antiquity and rich Iewells and which was worse wherein his Majesty had neither hand nor direction many of their houses Dorpes and Castles were burnt to the ground by evill and wicked instruments that repaied burning with burning using the Papists at home as they used Protestants abroade being neere the Baltique coast they never dreamed that the Protestants would come so farre up as to repay them under the foote of the Alpes And had Gustavus lived we had gone neere to warme them within Rome for their by-past cruelties where we see that God the righteous judge punisheth sinne with sinne and man by his owne iniquity His Majesty leaving no Garrison in Bavaria to keepe the country the better in awe and obedience he tooke Hostages and pledges of speciall men from them along with him to make them the readier to pay the summes they had promised As also their contribution and to make them the loather to rise againe in Armes against his Majesties Garrisons which lay adjacent unto them The Duke of Baviers