Francis Piçarro spent three years in this Discovery of Peru having undergone great Hardships and Labours with Hunger Perils Fears and many other straits And so concludes the Chapter Amongst the many acute and witty Savings which are recounted of this famous Captain Francis Piçarro and that which he would often use when he perceived that his Companions were wearied and discouraged with various Labours they sustained in this Discovery and also afterwards when they were entred on the Conquest he would often say Miserable are we who harass and wear out our selves to gain strange Empires and Kingdoms which neither we our selves nor our Children but we know not who shall enjoy them This Saying I have often heard reported from the mouth of those who were Ear-Witnesses thereof and who vvere Companions vvith him in those Exploits Likevvise those very Conquerours vvould often repeat that saying vvhen after the Conquest the civil Wars arose betvveen Gonçalo Piçarro and Francis Hernandez Giron in which most of them were slain and in regard that Saying appeared a most universal Truth every one would take it for his own but certain it is that it was the true prediction of Captain Francis Piçarro to the truth of which I also am able to give an Attestation CHAP. XIV Piçarro makes a Voyage into Spain and demands Aid for the Conquest of Peru. FRancis Piçarro returning with all possible diligence to Panama acquainted Diego de Almagro and Hernandez Luque the Schoolmaster his two Fellow-undertakers with the immense and incredible Riches which they had discovered with which News being overjoyed and encouraged they agreed that Francis Piçarro should make a Voyage into Spain to desire a Commission from the Emperour Charles the 5th for the Conquest and Government of that Countrey which they had discovered But these three Associates had so wasted and consumed their Estates in this late Undertaking that they had nothing remaining of all their own Fortunes but were forced to borrow and take up a thousand Crowns in Gold to defray the charge of this Voyage Francis Piçarro delivered in to the Council of the Indies a relation in writing wherein he gave information to His Majesty of all that he had seen supplicating that in consideration of his former Pains and Labours in the Discovery and also of the Hazards and Expences he was for the future to undergo and sustain in the Conquest adventuring the Bloud and Riches of his Kindred and Friends to gain an addition of new Kingdoms and Treasure to the Imperial Crown of His Majesty He would be gratiously pleased to grant him the Government of that Countrey Many that heard Piçarro publish and boast of such immense Riches and Treasure did believe that it was onely a Sham or a Decoy to invite Men to adventure with them but a few years after verified the truth of his whole Narrative In answer to this Petition His Majesty was pleased to confer upon him all those Countries which he should conquer with Title of Lord Lieutenant of Peru as also of Captain General and Governour of all those Countries which the Spaniards should conquer in Peru which then they called New Castile to distinguish it from those parts which were named New Spain both being gained after the same manner that is as Strangers say at the cost of Fools and Madmen and desperate Fellows Francis Piçarro to whose Name hereafter we will add the Title of Don because in the Commission from His Majesty that Honour is inserted for in those times the Title of Don was onely prefixed before the Names of Noble Persons and was not half so common as it is now when every little fellow assumes it and the very Indians whether Noble or not in imitation of the Spaniards give themselves that Title and are called by it We shall also hereafter call Diego Almagro Don Diego for having been a Companion with Piçarro in his Enterprises and equal to him in all his Undertakings we cannot in Justice deny unto him a share of his Honours Don Francis therefore having received his Commission and fitted all things necessary for his Voyage and being accompanied with four of his Brothers and many other Persons of Quality of the Province of Estremadura he embarked at Seville and having a quick and prosperous passage he happily arrived at Panama But Don Diego was much dissatisfied to understand that Don Francis had appropriated all those Titles and Honours unto himself and not made him a sharer with him in those Offices and Places of Trust which were conferred by Commission from his Majesty forgetting that he had equally suffered with him in all the Labours and Dangers which offered in the Discovery And in regard that Don Diego had spent more Wealth than he having been much richer and lost an Eye in the Service he appeared not onely equal but to have greater Merit than Piçarro These disgusts were heightned by others who aggravated the unkindness and neglect of Piçarro towards his Companions alledging that from a natural Ambition he had appropriated all the Trusts and Dignities to himself for which cause these two Companions became much estranged one from the other untill some Friends interposing between them so reconciled matters that they both agreed and proceeded in their Enterprise howsoever the Quarrel was not so well made up but that there remained some reliques of it for that though the Provisions were made and all things put into a readiness yet Don Diego could not so forget his Injuries as to apply his mind with that zeal and warmness in his Office of making Provisions as he had formerly exercised which Hernando Piçarro more resenting than any other and being a Man of a hot and fiery temper did utter more harsh Language against Don Diego than any other reproaching his Brother and often charging him to be the cause of all the Wants and Hardships they sustained to which Almagro's Brother replied That Don Diego had reason to be remiss in his Supplies and that it could not be expected that he should be so diligent in their concernment who had been so baffled and neglected and that though it were true that according to Articles he was to share in one moiety of the Conquest yet being a Gentleman and of a generous Soul he more esteemed of Honour and Government than of all the Wealth and Treasure in the Universe From whence arose such a mortal Hatred between Hernando Piçarro and Don Diego de Almagro which was never appeased untill one killed the other Howsoever the Difference for the present was salved up by the Intercession of some sober Persons whom Don Francisco Piçarro and his other Brothers who were Men of a more cool and gentle Temper than Hernando desired to interpose and make a Reconciliation by reason that they were well assured that without the Assistence and Friendship of Almagro the Design would be ruined Amongst several others who were instrumental in this Reconciliation was Antonio de la Gama with whom I was
in all matters whether Martial or Civil especially considering that they were illiterate Men and neither knew how to write or reade or so much as to form their Names which in persons of their degree and of that sphere wherein they moved was a remarkable defect considering the business and negotiations which they treated And though their Virtues and other Endowments gave them an appearance of Noble Personages yet their ignorance in letters was a plain demonstration of their mean Parentage and Extraction The Marquis was so confident and assured of the faithfulness of his Servants and Friends that in all the Dispatches which he issued out either relating to Orders of Government or to Assigning over to each person his share and division of Lands his manner was to make two lines with the Pen in the middle of which Antonio Picado his Secretary formed the Name of Francisco Piçarro But for his excuse herein we may say the same which Ovid did for Romulus That he was better versed in the knowledge of Arms than Astrology and applied his mind rather to conquer his Neighbours than to understand Letters They were both extremely affable and familiar with the people of the City making them visits at their own Houses and not refusing to Dine with such as first invited them They were equally abstemious in Eating and Drinking and refrained their inclinations towards the Castilian Women upon a principle that they could not make use of their Wives or Daughters without some prejudice and dishonour to their Neighbours As to the Indian Women of Peru they were more free though of the two Almagro was the more continent for unless it were with the Woman by whom he had his Son he entertained little or no conversation with any The Marquis conserved a particular affection for an Indian Lady who was the Sister of Atabaliba by whom he had a Son called Don Gonzalo which dyed at the Age of fourteen years and a Daughter called Donna Francisca by another Indian Woman of Cozco he had a Son called Don Francisco And as to this Son of Almagro who killed the Marquis he was born of an Indian Woman at Panama Both of them had received Favours and Honours from his Majesty Piçarro as we have said was honoured with the title of Marquis as before related and was made Governour of New Castile and vested with the Habit of St. Jago Almagro was rewarded vvith the Government of the Nevv Toledo and dignified vvith the title of Lord Lieutenant of that Countrey The Marquis in a particular manner was devoted to his Majesty and had such an awe and reverence for his Name that he would often deny himself the exercise of his Authority in many lawfull matters lest he should seem to stretch his Power beyond his Commission Many times as he was sitting on his Chair in the Melting-houses he would arise and take up the small granes or drops of Gold and Silver which were fallen aside from the Scissers with which they cut the King's Fifths saying That when hands failed wherewith to amass and heap up the Treasure which belonged to the King they were to doe it with their mouths Thus as they resembled one the other in their Lives so did they not differ in the manner of their Deaths for as the Brother of the Marquis killed Almagro so the Son of Almagro killed Piçarro The Marquis was very industrious to improve his Land and cultivate his Plantations he built several very fair Houses in the City of los Reyes and on the River he made two Sluces to stop the Water to drive his Mills in which projects and buildings he employed all his leisure times that he might over-see the Workmen and hasten them in their labour Moreover he was very diligent and zealous in erecting a great Church for the City of los Reyes and Monasteries for the Orders of St. Domingo and the Merceds for a Revenue unto which and to keep those Buildings in repair he gave and set out Lands with Indians to manure them Thus far Carate In the following Chapter we shall declare what this Authour farther saith on this Subject to which we shall add several other Excellencies of this Worthy Person whose Praises we can never sufficiently extoll CHAP. IX Of the affable Nature of the Marquis and his Intentions to succour and relieve those whom he believed to be in want THe Marquis had one Son and one Daughter and no more and Gonzalo Piçarro as we have mentioned in the 38th Chapter of his 9th Book had one Son but Carate makes them all three to be the Children of the Marquis The Mother of the Son of the Marquis was Daughter and not Sister of Atahualpa but his Daughter he had by a Daughter of Huayna Capac whose Indian Name was Huayllas Nusta but afterwards her Christian Name was Donna Beatriz as we have at large specified in the aforementioned Chapter And farther this Authour confirms what we have formerly said namely that though these two Governours were so vastly rich yet they died so poor that of all their Wealth there was scarce sufficient to bury them And indeed there was nothing remaining so that they were buried of mere Charity Almagro was buried by one that had been his Slave and the Marquis by another who had been his Servant as the same Authour alledges And those who carried both one and the other to their Burial were Negros and Indians as both Authours agree And thus much shall suffice to shew in what manner the World rewards those who have been so usefull and deserving in their generation The Marquis was so generally kind and obliging in his carriage that he never gave an ill word to any person whatsoever When he plaid at Bowls he never would suffer any to give him up his Bowls from the ground but in case any one was so courteous as to doe it he would take it and throw it instantly far from him which went for a cast It happened once that taking up a Bovvl he dirted his hands vvith some filth which stuck to it and presently lifting up his foot he vviped it off vvith his Buskins For I remember then and many years after that it vvas the fashion and gallantry of Souldiers to vvear a sort of Buskins made vvith Pack-thread and not Shoes On vvich occasion a certain Favourite to the Marquis seeing him to vvipe his hands on the Buskin came and offered him his Handkerchief to which the Marquis smilingly replied I protest your Linen is so white that I dare not touch it One day being at Bowls with a certain Souldier called Alonso Palomares a well-conditioned Man and of a chearfull humour and the Marquis losing almost at every end he quarrelled and cursed at every cast which was plaid and herein he was so eager and concerned that all the standers-by took notice that either he was troubled at his own ill play or otherwise for the eight or nine thousand Crowns which he lost by the
matter being over they began to contrive the manner how Hernando Bachicao might be dispatched away as was agreed for which there now happened an opportunity by the arrival of a Bregantine from Arequepa which being freighted for this purpose and armed with some of the Cannon which Gonçalo Piçarro brought from Cozco Bachicao embarked thereupon and with him Doctour Texada and Francisco Maldonado with about sixty Musquetiers who offered themselves voluntarily on that voiage And thus coasting along the shoar upon information that the Vice-king was at Tumbez he arrived early one morning in that Port where being espyed by some people belonging to the Vice-king an Allarum was presently given that Gonçalo Piçarro with a strong force was coming by Sea which put them all into that affrightment and consternation that the Vice-king with all his force consisting of about a hundred and fifty men fled away to Quitu but some of them remained behind to receive Bachicao who took two Ships which he sound in the Port and with them sailed to Puerto Viejo where and in other parts he raised about a hundred and fifty men whom he embarked aboard his Ships but the Vice-king without other stop or stay hastened to Quitu Thus far Augustine Carate who hath made clear several Passages which were confused and obscure in other Writers But now to return to the Ingot of Gold which Francisco Carvajal received It is certain that he made a Trade of such Bribes as these where the Accusation was false and then he would suspend the Execution of the Sentence untill means were made with Gonçalo Piçarro for a Pardon and in this manner he got great sums of money but in case the crime objected were true than nothing could prevail with him neither Presents nor Intreaties to delay the speedy execution of Justice for he was zealous and faithfull to his Party both in punishment of Enemies and in the good treatment and reward of Friends and Abettours of his Cause but Historians give him the Character of a most covetous and cruel person 't is true he had both one and the other in his nature but not in so high degree as is reported for though he was guilty of great effusions of bloud yet it was for the advancement and security of his own party which he acted in pursuance of his Office being a Captain and a chief field Officer of which hereafter in prosecution of this History we shall give some instances of my own knowledge and shall make some remarks upon the behaviour of several Captains of Piçarro's party which I received from the report of those who were familiarly acquainted with their actions and persons We have mentioned before how Licenciado Alvarez procured the Liberty of the Vice-king Blasco Nunnez Vela and how another Ship joined with them whereon his brother Vela Nunnez was embarked and that they sailed together to the Port of Tumpiz where they landed and erected a Court of Justice for that as the Historians say he had a clause in his Commission that he might hold a Court with assistance of one Judge or Co-assessour with him by virtue whereof they dispatched several Warrants Orders and Manifests into divers parts setting forth in the Preamble thereunto a relation of his imprisonment and of his escape as likewise of the coming of Gançalo Piçarro to Los Reyes with all other particulars which had happened untill that time and in fine concluded that all his Majesty's loving and loyal Subjects should come in and partake in this cause In pursuance hereof he sent divers Captains to Puerto Viejo to raise men as also to Saint Michael and Truxillo and upon the same errand Captain Jeronimo de Prereyra was sent as far as Pacamuru which the Spaniards call Bracamoros And moreover he directed his Warrants over all the Countrey to bring in Provisions and all the Gold and Silver which was found in the Exchequer for that his Majesty's service required to have it employed against so many Enemies who were in rebellion against him but in regard that in all the Cities and places to which those Commands were sent there were different parties and men stood variously affected some whereof went to Piçarro others to fly from him and not to join with his faction betook themselves to the mountains and by secret and by-ways came at-length to the Vice-king equipped with Arms Horses and Provisions according to every man's ability which much rejoiced and comforted the Vice-king to see the affection of the people to him in the time of his distress but this satisfaction continued not long for as ill fortune would have it he was forced by Hernando Bachicao to retire into the In-land parts of the Countrey by which means his Friends left him and he himself sustained great inconveniences and hardships untill the time of his death as we shall see in its due place Gonçalo Piçarro having intelligence that the Vice-king was in Tumpiz he thought it not convenient or safe to suffer him to rest there and therefore sent some Captains with their forces to disturb him and cause him to remove his quarters from thence The Orders and Warrants which the Vice-king issued forth were for the most part betrayed into the hands of Piçarro being brought to him by those with whom they were intrusted by means of which Piçarro received intelligence of all the designs of the Vice-king which to prevent he dispatched his Captains Jeronimo de Villegas Gonçalo Diaz and Hernando de Alvarado to scoure all the Coast along to the Northward and intercept the people who were going to join themselves with the Vice-king and thereby he suppressed the forces of the Vice-king before they could get head and overcame them without a Battel CHAP. XXIII Of the Actions performed by Bachicao in Panama Licenciado Vaca de Castro comes to Spain where an end is put to all his negotiations The Vice-king retires to Quitu HErnando Bachicao as we have said having surprized two Ships belonging to the Vice-king and forced him to retire into the In-land parts of the Countrey he pursued his Voiage to the Port of Panama and in his way he met with two or three other Ships but whose they were and with what they were laden for brevity sake we shall omit to mention and because Fernandez Palentino in the twenty ninth Chapter of his Book makes a long Discourse thereupon we shall refer our selves to him and onely say that he took those Ships with him and sailed from Port to Port of which there are many in those Seas taking refreshments at his pleasure without fear or apprehension of any Enemies when he arrived at the Islands of Pearles which are about twenty Leagues distant from Panama whereof so soon as the Inhabitants had notice as Augustine Carate saith in the sixteenth Chapter of his Book they sent two of their Citizens to know of him with what intension and design he came thither requiring him not to enter with his Souldiers within the
with him for the safety of his life and freedom telling him that he was obliged to return thanks to Almighty God for this great deliverance to which the Souldier made answer and said that he rendred thanks to his Divine Majesty and to St. Peter and to St. Paul and to St. Francisco Hernandez Giron by whose merits and means he had been saved and that he could not doe less in acknowledgment thereof than to go and serve him the which he accordingly did as we shall see hereafter Besides this Souldier above forty more were delivered out of prison most of which would have been sentenced to dye and others at least condemned to row in the Gallies which was the best they could expect but those Citizens and Souldiers who were not so deeply concerned as others the Marshal was pleased to set at Liberty without any farther process but these prisoners refused to accept thereof but to be brought to their Tryal as Palentino saith Chapter the fortieth in these words Some of the Prisoners understanding that they were to be set at liberty without tryal refused to accept thereof without a sentence in their cause because they became liable thereby to be taken up again and punished when the Judges or their Enemies were desirous to accuse them wherefore to make dispatch in this matter he fined Gomez de Solis in five hundred pieces of Eight to be paid as Fees to his Keeper and Guards Martin de Almendras had the like Fine as also Martin de Robles others were condemned in two hundred a hundred fifty and twenty pieces of Eight proportioning the Fine according to the ability of the person rather than to the degree and quality of his Crime Thus far Diego Hernandez Moreover the Marshal gave order to provide Arms and to make Pikes in those Provinces where wood was plenty and to make Powder in case necessity should require Some few days afterwards came two Commands from the Justices the one suspending the execution of the Decrees formerly made for freeing the Indians from their personal services which was to last for the space of two years and to take off many other things which caused great Commotions and Disturbances amongst the Inhabitants and Souldiers of that Empire and had been as the Governours well knew the spring and original of those rebellions mutinies and factions which raged in the minds of the people the other Command was a Commission constituting the Marshal Captain General of the Forces raised against Francisco Hernandez and with an unlimited power to expend his Majesty's Treasure in this War as far as occasion should require and to borrow or take up money in case the Exchequer should fail By virtue hereof the Marshal appointed Captains both of Horse and Foot besides other Officers whom we shall name hereafter He designed to make Gomez de Alvarado his Lieutenant General but he refused it because another Gentleman who was brother to the Marshal's Wife pretended thereunto called Don Martin de Avendanno for whom the Wife made great instance and as it were compelled her Husband much against his own inclinations to conser it upon him and though he was a young man and of little or no experience he condescended thereunto rather than to raise War in his own Family He also dispatched Warrants and Orders to the Curacas to gather what provisions they were able and to appoint eight or nine thousand Indians to carry the baggage of the Army He sent also into several parts to raise Men Horse and Arms and to take up all the Slaves they could find And here we will leave them in these Preparations to see what becomes of Francisco Hernandez and what he is acting and carry on the business of both Parties as the method of History requires Whilst these things were in agitation in the City of Los Reyes and Potocsi Hernandez was not negligent of what concerned his interest but ordered Thomas Vazquez with a squadron of about fifty Souldiers well armed to march to the City of Arequepa and in his name to take the possession thereof and to treat peaceably with the Citizens letting them know that the Corporation of Cozco had made choice of him to be Captain General and chief Justiciary of all the Kingdom In like manner he sent Francisco Nunnez a Citizen of Cozco to Huamanca whom he had enticed by fair and flattering promises and with the Command of a Troop of Horse to be of his Party though in truth fear rather than all his favours induced him thereunto and with him John Gavilan was sent with fourty other Souldiers whose Orders and Instructions were the same with those of Thomas Vazquez and that moreover they should tell the City that though they had assured him already by their Ambassadours that they would join and correspond with him in all his designs yet for farther confirmation thereof he required them to call a Court to ratify their former engagement and to own and acknowledge him in that Sphere and Station wherein he acted The truth is Hernandez sent and employed these two Captains out of a design to give reputation to his cause by the specious colour of union between him and two Cities rather than from any expectation he had of bringing them over to his side and party for he was not ignorant that they had already retracted their former assurances and repented of the Offers they formerly made him Besides the Commissions and Instructions given to these Captains he delivered letters to them for particular persons who were men of power and interest in their Countrey also Letters from himself and from the City of Cozco to the Corporations of those Cities desiring them to join with them in this cause which was for the common good and welfare of the whole Empire He also caused the City of Cozco to write unto the City of Plate in the same manner and to the same effect as to the other Cities and Hernandez himself wrote Letters to many Planters in the Charcas and to the Marshal Alonso de Alvarado and to his Wife Donna Anna de Velasco the substance and Contents of which was so ridiculous as served onely for sport and laughter and were not thought worthy of an Answer He that hath the Curiosity to reade them may find them in the History of Diego de Hernandez Chap. 27. CHAP. VII The Justices nominate Officers for the War. The several Pretenders to the Command of Captain General Francisco Hernandez leaves Cozco and marches against the Justices NEWS coming to Los Reyes that Francisco Hernandez increased daily in men reputation and authority the Justices thought it time to appoint their Captains and Officers for the War. Paulo de Meneses was named for Lieutenant General and Don Antonio de Ribera Diego de Mora Melchior Verdugo a Knight of the habit of St. James and Don Pedro de Cabrera were made Captains of Horse but the two last refused this Preserment as too mean for men who had so
and Bravery which of late years they have used in defence of that Countrey I refer my self to the Relation of the Bucaniers And so proceed on with this History TO JAMES II. By the Grace of God KING of ENGLAND SCOTLAND FRANCE and IRELAND c. Defender of the Faith. May it please your Most Excellent Majesty THIS Translation out of Spanish having the Name of Royal Commentaries seems justly to claim a Title to Your MAJESTY'S gratious Favour and Protection And likewise Your MAJESTY'S Dominions being adjacent and almost contiguous to the Countries which are the subject of this History make Your MAJESTY a Party concerned in the Affairs of the New World and so supreme an Arbitrator in the Government thereof that to suppress the Robberies and Insolence of certain Pirates who infest those Coasts Your MAJESTY'S Royal Arms are called for as the most proper Means and Power to reduce them Great also is Your MAJESTY'S Fame in the East as well as in the West-Indies And may all the World court Your Friendship and Alliance and doe honour to Your Royal Standard May Your MAJESTY be still happy with Increase of Glory and Honour both at home and abroad untill such time as that you exchange this mortal Crown for one everlasting in the World to come Which is the fervent Prayer of Dread Sovereign Your MAJESTY'S most obedient most dutifull and most loyal Subject and Servant Paul Rycaut An INDEX of the most material Passages in this HISTORY A. ARbitration of the Inca between two Curaca's p. 73. Ambassador vid. Embassador The Apparition of Viracocha and the Consultations thereupon 126. Accounts how kept amongst them 153 197 198. The Araucans rebell 292. Atahualpa made King of Quitu by his Father Huayna Capac 367. Atahualpa required by his Brother Huascar to doe him Homage 398. The Subleties used by him 399. Atahualpa gains a Victory over his Brother 401. He exercises great Cruelties 403. and why His Cruelties towards the Women and Children of the bloud Royal 405. Some escape 407 411. Cruelties to the Servants of the Court 409. Atahualpa's Answer to a Frier's Speech 454. He is taken by the Spaniards 459. And promises a great Ransome for his Liberty 460. The Fears he had before his Death 471. He is arraigned and put to Death 474 477. The Treasure collected for his Ransome 479. His Body carried to Quitu to be interred 494. Almagro returns twice to Panama 426. Pedro de Alvarado goes to the Conquest of Peru 489. The Difficulties he undergoes 492. He marches to the succour of Cozco 569. He is imprisoned 573. Almagro joins his Forces with Alvarado 505. Their Agreement 507. They march to Cozco 509. They march against Quizquiz Alvarado's Death 519. Almagro makes himself Governour the Agreement between him and Piçarro 526. Almagro enters into Chili where he is well received 529. He returns to Peru 532. and to Cozco 527. Differences between Almagro and Piçarro 563. they are determined 577. Don Diego de Almagro his Death 589. Don Diego de Almagro his Son is set up and administers an Oath of Allegiance to all Officers p. 620. Garcia de Alvarado is killed by Almagro Junior 628. The Death of D. Diego de Almagro Junior 642. The Inhabitants of Arequepa revolt with two Ships to the Vice-king 680. Acosta is sent against Lorenço de Aldana 774. His ill Conduct in defending a Bridge over the River Apurimac 823. Aguire seeks revenge on a Judge he is sought for in Cozco and how he made his Escape 884. Alonso de Alvarado the Marshal is appointed to sit Judge on Trial of the Rebels 906. He executes severe Justice on the Rebels 908. makes choice of Officers and comes to Cozco 938. He receives intelligence of the Enemy with whom he skirmishes his Officers are generally of opinion to decline Fighting 941. He resolves notwithstanding to engage 944. He is defeated by Hernandez and the Indians kill many of his Souldiers in their Flight 947 948. Great Trouble caused hereupon in the King's Camp 950. Means taken to repair it 951. Capt. Almendras his unfortunate Death 939. An Accident very strange at Cozco 980. B. BRidges of Osiers how made p. 64. Bridges of Straw Rushes and Flags 78. A Bridge laid over a River by Lope Martin 821. Beggars not allowed 144. Burials of their Kings and how interred 193. Battels three between the Indians and Spaniards 515. Battel of Amancay 572. The Bloudy Battel of Salinas 583. Battels between the Indians and Spaniards 597. The Battel between the Governour Vaca de Castro and Don Diego de Almagro Junior 637. A Relation of the Battel of Chupas 640. Blasco Nunnez Vela the Vice-king lands in Peru with what befell him at his landing p. 657. He imprisons Vaca de Castro and others 678. The Resolutions he took upon the News that Gonçalo Piçarro was marching against him 690. He is imprisoned 692. The Misfortunes which befell him 695. He is set at liberty 697. He retires to Peru 709 714. He recruits in Popayan and goes in quest of Pedro Puelles 732. He is defeated at the Battel of Quitu and slain 734. His Funeral 736. The Battel of Huarina how armed and how drawn out 794 795 796 797 798. The numbers killed 801. The Battel of Sacsahuana 829. Bachicao his death 812. Bustinia his imprisonment and death 814. C. COzco first founded 13. and described 261 268. Ceremonies when they weaned shaved and gave Names to their Children 110. A Cross conserved 30. The Chanca's rebell 127. The Fortress of Cozco described 294 296 297. Cloaths Arms and Shoes given to the Souldiery 139. Cloathing how supplied to the People 144. Cannari conquered its Riches 309. Cuntur great Birds of which Inca Viracocha made a Picture 171. The Court of the Inca's Servants and those who carried their Chair 189. And of the great Halls and Rooms of State 191. Cassamarca how subdued 208. Chinca stands out and subdued 214. Their vain Rodomontado's 216. Chimu the King conquered 239. Collection for Charitable Uses 270. Chirihuana a Nation in Peru their Customes and Manners 278. Chili possessed by the Inca's 281. Chili first discovered by the Spaniards 283. Chili rebells against Pedro Valdivia 284. Conquests made by the Inca's 305 306 309 311 313. Cuca a pretious Leaf 325. Cattle that are tame and the great Droves of them which serve to carry their Burthens p. 328. Cattle which are wild A Chain of Gold as big as a Cable 349. Of Cowes and Oxen 378. Of Camels Asses and Goats and Hogs p. 380 381. Of Conies and Dogs of the Game 383. Crosses found in the Temples and Palaces in Cozco 467. Conversion of an Indian 503. Civil Discords produced ill Effects to the Incan Kings 485. Cuellar put to death by the Indians 499. Chili difficult to be conquered 532. Cozco besieged and several Exploits done there 550. The Number of Indians killed there 553. The Charcas conquered 597. Great troubles in the Charcas 888. The Citizens of Cozco desert Gonçalo Piçarro 680.
Alvarado back to hasten them who with the diligence he used speedily brought them all the other Companies in a body to joyn with the Army To perform which some marched four others five and six Leagues in a day with which long marches though very much tired yet the Enemy as was reported being within two Leagues of them they were forced to remain all the night on the Watch drawn up in Battalia but other intelligence coming in the Morning which gave them advice that Almagro was removed at a farther distance from the City They drew off and marched forward to Huamanca where they took a convenient repose and having refreshed their Men they enlarged their Quarters and removed their Camp into a more open Plain for the Countrey where they then were was enclosed and so straitned with Mountains that in case of a Fight their Horse could not come to engage and doe service which would be of great disadvantage to them considering that their Horse was the Nerve of their strength being more numerous and better armed than those of the Enemy Wherefore leaving the City he drew up his Army in the Plains of Chupas from whence he dispatched two persons to Almagro one called Francisco de Ydiacaez and the other Diego Mercado who informed him that they were sent to him from the Governour to offer unto him and all his Souldiers and Followers in the Name of his Majesty a general Pardon for whatsoever was passed provided he returned to his Obedience and listed himself under the Royal Standard and that having Disbanded his Army he promised to confirm this Pardon with Honours and Preferments Almagro readily made answer that he accepted the Conditions provided the Pardon might be General both to himself and his Associates and that the Government of the New Kingdom of Toledo the Mines of Gold and all the Lands and Jurisdiction over the Indians which his Father possessed should be restored and setled upon him Almagro was moved to make this extravagant demand upon an assurance which a certain Clergyman gave him who some few days before was arrived from Panama and told him that all the talk and news there was that the King had sealed his Pardon and given him the Government of the New Toledo in which Cozco was comprised of which he gave him joy and asked a reward for his good news Moreover he informed him that Vaca de Castro had but a small number of Souldiers and those ill armed and discontented the which News though hardly to be believed yet Almagro entertained with some assurance because it was in his favour and was thereby encouraged to make those high demands to the Governour whose weakness as he supposed would cause him to yield unto all the Articles he could propose After Vaca de Castro had sent away the two Messengers before mentioned he dispatched a Souldier called Alonso Garcia with several Letters to the Captains and principal Gentlemen of Almagro's Army promising them pardon for whatsoever was past and a reward of great and large possessions and jurisdiction over the Indians This Messenger went in the Habit of an Indian for his better disguise and took a by-way out of the Road that he might not be seized or intercepted in his Journey But the misfortune was that it had Snowed that day so that the Scouts of Almagro discovering the impression which he had made in the Snow tracked him by his footing and so followed and took him and carried him with all his Letters and Dispatches to Almagro who as Gomara reports in Chapter 150th and Carate in the 16th Chapter of the 4th Book was highly incensed and angry at the double dealing of the Governour who at the same time that he was in treaty with him was making Divisions and Mutinies in his Army At which he was so greatly enraged that he immediately caused the Souldier to be hanged both because he came in a disguise and brought Letters of Treasonable importance and in the sight and presence of the two Messengers caused his Army to be drawn out and ranged in a posture ready to engage promising to whomsoever should kill the Governour to bestow on him his Lands his Wife and all his Estate And so he returned answer to the Governour that he would never own or obey him so long as he was associated with his Enemies who were Pedro Alvarez Holguin and Alonso de Alvarado Gomez de Tordoya John de Saavedra Garçilasso de la Vega Yllen Suarez de Carvajal Gomez de Alvarado and all the other Gentlemen who had sided with Piçarro Thus much Almagro uttered with intent to discourage the Governour from attempting any more the way of dividing his people by separate Treaties or indeed to put him out of all hopes of attaining any thing by way of Accommodation for if one of his Conditions was to cashier all those who were of Piçarro's party he must be contented to remain without Army or People which he knew could never be assented unto And moreover he sent him word that he would doe well to leave off that way of seducing his people from him for he might be confident there was none of them which would be tempted to forsake his party but would all unanimously joyn in Battel to defend that Countrey against him and all the World which he would speedily verifie by marching out immediately to meet and fight him Almagro was as good as his word and accordingly marched against the Governour with courage and resolution to give him Battel the which was confirmed by an unanimous consent of all his Souldiers who generally disdained and resented the secret and treacherous dealing of the Governour and caused them to adhere more closely to the party of Almagro concluding within themselves that he who would be false towards their Captain might very well be suspected of the like perfidiousness and breach of Faith towards them Whence it was agreed on all sides to dye fighting and hearken no farther to any Articles of Treaty It is believed that had it not been for this Action Almagro would have inclined to a Peace upon the Pardon of his Majesty which was already signed and sealed and in the hands of the Governour CHAP. XVI Of the Order that Vaca de Castro and Don Diego de Almagro observed in drawing up their Squadrons The beginning of the Battel and the Death of Captain Pedro de Candia UPon this Answer which Almagro had given the Governour observed a strange unwillingness and dissatisfaction in his Souldiers to an Engagement who declared that since his Majesty was so ill pleased with the late Battel of Salinas that he committed Hernando Piçarro to Prison for it they ought to be wary and cautious how they incurred his Majesty's displeasure by any offence of the like nature Wherefore the Governour to satisfie this scruple arisen in the minds of his Souldiery recounted to them the crimes and offences of Almagro how he had killed the Marquis and murthered many other
mean time they seemed to act like discontented persons professing openly their aggrievances and dissatisfaction for when they came to Huamanca they took away all the Artillery which had been lodged there ever since the defeat of Almagro and carried them away to Cozco the chief Authour of which enterprise was called Gaspar Rodriguez who by the help of great numbers of Indians carried them away to the dissatisfaction of all those who either saw or heard of the action Vaca de Castro having intelligence hereof proceeded on his Journey and by the way it was his fortune to meet with a certain Priest called Baltasar de Loaysa who out of kindness told him that in the City of Los Reyes the people spake hardly of him and therefore he advised him to be wary and to go well attended both with Men and Arms. Vaca de Castro making use of this information desired those Gentlemen who came in his company and entred into his attendance that they would now be pleased to leave him and return to their own homes and that such who were unwilling so to doe and were desirous to continue with him yet at least that they should quit their Lances and Fire-arms though it were the practice at that time as well as many years after to travel both with offensive and defensive Arms. Accordingly his Friends that accompanied him laid aside their Weapons and by short journies arrived at length at Los Reyes the persons who were his associates were Lorenço de Aldana Pedro de los Rios Benito de Carvajal a civil Lawyer Don Alonso de Monte-Major and Hernando de Bachichao whose arrival at the City of Los Reyes was solemnized with great joy though much abated by the apprehensions they conceived of the severity of the new Statutes and the inexorable and inflexible humour of the Vice-king so different from the temper of his Predecessour So soon as he was arrived he immediately dispatched away from thence his Steward called Jeronimo de Serena and his Secretary Pedro Lopez de Caçalla with Letters to the Vice-king congratulating his safe arrival with offers both of his life and fortune to serve both his Majesty and his Lordship Whilst these matters passed on the way between Cozco and the City of Los Reyes other more unpleasing passages occurred in the Journey between Tumpiz and Rimac where the Vice-king without any difference or consideration of circumstances put the new Rules into execution with all the rigour and fury imaginable without giving ear to the defence or reasons which the Conquerours and Gainers of that great Empire could make or alledge in their own favour and behalf saying that so was the King's will and pleasure which admitted of no delay or contradiction or any thing besides pure obedience Hereupon all the Citizens and Inhabitants being generally concerned were inflamed and inraged for as Fernandez saith there was not a man amongst them unconcerned so that people began to talk loudly and scandalously against those new Laws saying that this course was the effect of the pernicious Counsels of evil men and of such as being envious of the riches and power which those Conquerours had acquired had for their own ends put his Majesty upon indirect means and upon rigorours courses very prejudicial to the publick welfare and persuaded him to see them executed by Officers inflexible and without reason all which is fully reported by Gomara in the 155th Chapter of his Book the Title of which is this The manner how Blasco Nunnez treated with those of Truxillo and of the Reasons and Objections which the People gave against the new Rules and Statutes At length Blasco Nunnez entred into Truxillo to the great discontent and general sorrow of the Spaniards for he immediately made Proclamation to impose a new sort of Tribute and to affrighten men from bringing the Indians under vassalage forbidding all people from oppressing or causing them to labour without pay or against their inclinations in fine the Indians were all brought under vassalage to the King and no other And though the people and several Corporations petitioned against the most oppressive Articles of the new Rules being willing to admit of the Tributes and Taxes which were imposed upon them and to free the Indians from their services yet the Vice-king would hearken to no terms of composition or moderation but positively persisted in the execution of the express commands of the Emperour without any Appeal All that they could get of him was this that he would write and inform his Majesty how ill he had been advised in the constitution and establishment of those new Laws Notwithstanding which fair words the Inhabitants who observed his inflexible disposition began to mutiny some said that they would abandon their Wives others declared that those Women or Wenches which by command of the Government they had married and taken for Wives they would renounce and cut them off from alimony and maintenance others said it were better to have no Wives or Children to maintain than to want the subsistence and benefit of Slaves who might labour in the Mines for them and in the works of Husbandry and other servile Offices for their support and easiness of living others required money and the price of their Slaves for which having paid the fifths unto the King their brand and mark had been set upon them others murmured and complained that their Services were ill rewarded and their time ill employed to have spent their youth and flower of their years in hardships and difficulties and at last to be deprived of their Servants and convenient attendances in their old age some shewed how their Teeth were fallen out with eating roasted Mayz during the time of War in Peru and others opened and displayed their wounds and fractures of their Bones and the bites of Serpents and venemous Creatures received in the enterprises they undertook to gain that Empire in which also they had spent their Estates and shed their Bloud and all to increase the Dominions of the Emperour in reward for which he was pleased to deprive them of those few Vassals they had purchased to themselves and the Souldiers huft and muttered that they would not concern themselves farther in new adventures since they had no encouragement but were resolved to live upon spoil and plunder on all hands The King's Officers and Ministers complained that they were hardly dealt with to be deprived of the vassalage of the Indians whom they had so kindly treated and used in their Services and the Friers and Clergy declared that they should be unable to support and sustain their Monasteries and Churches and Hospitals without the necessary services of the Indians But none spoke more daringly and freely both against the Vice-king and the King himself then did Frier Peter Munnoz of the Order of Merced saying plainly that his Majesty had ill rewarded those who had served him well and that those new Laws smelt rank of interest and selfishness
two Boats were in a manner saved for being taken in time the Fire was put out and they received no damage but what was easie to be repaired The six Ships sailed away and made for Port Guaura about eighteen leagues to the lee-ward of Los Reyes where they provided themselves with Wood and Water as their necessities required and with them they carried Licenciado Vaca de Castro and being at Guaura they attended to hear the News of what had been the Issue of the Vice-king's imprisonment The Judges having advice hereof and considering that it was not probable the Ships should sail at a far distance whilst the Vice-king was in such danger of his Life they resolved to send Forces both by Sea and by Land to surprize the Fleet by some way or other in pursuance of which design they gave it in charge to Diego Garcia de Alfaro an inhabitant of that City and who was well experienced in maritime Affairs to repair the Boats which were saved on the shoar which being accordingly fitted and lanched into the Water they armed them with thirty Musquetiers and sailed with them along the Coast to lee ward and in the mean time John de Mendoça and Ventura Veliran were sent away by Land with another Detachment and both these Parties having an eye to each other they observed that the Fleet was at an Anchor in Guaura which when Diego Garcia saw he privately in the night conveyed himself behind a rock in the Port not far distant from the Ships where they could not be seen in the mean time those who were ashoar began to fire some Guns which they on board taking to be some Signal ashoar which those of the Vice-king's Party had made who were fled and were desirous to embark with them Vela Nunnez was ordered in the Boat to go ashoar to discover what the matter was and being just at the shoar side but not landed he was pursued in the rere by Diego Garcia and his men so that being cut off from the rest of the Fleet Vela Nunnez was forced to yield himself and Boat into the hands of the enemy after which they sent to summon Cuero telling him that unless he yielded the Fleet into their hands they were resolved to kill both the Vice-king and Vela Nunnez which Cuero fearing surrendred up his Ships against the consent and opinion of Geronimo Curbano who with the single Ship he had commanded set sail and made towards the firm Land for that two days before Diego Garcia came thither Cuero had commanded him to sail down the Coast and seize all the Ships they met to prevent them from falling into the hands of the Judges who from the very time that the Fleet departed from Los Reyes resolved to transport the Vice-king to a certain Island about two Leagues distant from that Port there to secure him from the violence of the Agent 's kindred who had attempted to kill him and therefore they sent him away with a Guard of twenty men upon a sort of Boats made of dry Rushes which the Indians call Henca And having advices of taking the Fleet they determined to send the Vice-king to his Majesty in the condition of a Prisoner with all the Informations and Depositions made against him which Licenciado Alvarez one of the Judges was to carry and for his reward and to bear his charges eight thousand Pieces of Eight were paid him the which Depositions and Process against the Vice-king were signed by all the Judges Carate onely excepted The Ships being then at Guaura the Vice-king was carried thither by Boat but Alvarez went by Land where the Vice-king being committed to his charge he sailed away with three of the Ships and was so much in haste that he would not stay for the dispatches from the Judicature but made Sail without them and as to Vaca de Castro he was carried back to Los Reyes upon one of the Ships which were lately seised Thus far are the words of Carate specified in the eleventh Chapter of the fifth Book whose authority in this relation we shall more particularly follow in regard he was present and a party concerned in all these transactions so we shall omit the sayings of other Authours in this matter unless something singular occurs on which Carate doth not touch CHAP. XVI The sad misfortunes of the Vice-king A Conspiracy in Rimac against the Judges and what was done thereupon The Vice-king is set at liberty ALL that is before declared is confirmed by Gomara though in a confused manner who farther proceeds in this manner in the 160th Chapter of his Book wherein he sets forth the sad misfortunes of the unhappy Vice-king When the Admiral says he refused to surrender up the Ships to save the life of the Vice-king they then treated him with opprobrious words telling him that a man who brought such Laws as those deserved the reward he now received whereas if he had come without them he had been honoured and adored but now the Tyrant is taken and our liberty restored with such reproaches as these they returned him again into the hands of Cepeda where they kept him disarmed in custody of Licenciado Ninno howsoever he did always eat with Cepeda and lodged in the same Bed with him but Blasco Nunnez fearing at this time to be poisoned asked Cepeda upon the word of a Gentleman when they first did eat together whether he might freely and without danger eat with him the which question was put to him in presence of Christopher de Barrientos Martin de Robles Ninno and other principal persons to which Cepeda returned answer am I said he so mean a spirited Rascal that if I had a mind to kill you I could not doe it without some secret treachery Your Lordship said he may eat as freely as if you were at the Table of my Lady Donna Brianda de Acumna meaning his Wife and to free you from all jealousie I will be your Taster the which he observed all the time that he remained in his House One day Friar Gaspar de Carvajal came to him and told him that by order of the Judges he was come to confess him the Vice-king asked whether Cepeda was there and it being answered that he was not and that there was no others than the three afore-mentioned he caused him to be called and complained to him of his hard fate but Cepeda comforted him and assured him that there was none had power to take away his life but himself onely the which he spake on assurance of what had been agreed amongst them and then Blasco Nunnez embraced and kissed him on the Cheek in presence of the Friar Thus far are the words of Gomara which we have extracted verbatim and indeed if we consider it 't is a sad passage That one elected to be a Prince and Governour of an Empire so great as Peru should be reduced to such miseries as he was by his own Creatures and Confidents
Brother of the Agitant Yllen Suarez took the side of Piçarro and was there present with thirty men under his command all of his own Kindred and Relations In this posture was the Army of Piçarro when news came that the Enemy was come within two leagues of the Camp whereupon they marched and took possession of a Pass on the River where the Vice-king was to go over for there was no other way and being there Piçarro posted and fortified himself very advantageously which happened as Augustine Carate reports on Saturday the fifteenth day of January 1546. The Vice-king charged Pedro de Puelles with great courage in hopes speedily to rout him and afterwards to deal in like manner with Piçarro for he always entertained an opinion of the loyalty of the people that they onely expected an opportunity to revolt and return to obedience and service of his Majesty In confidence whereof he approached so near to the Forces of Pedro de Puelles that the Van-guards could speak and call each other Traitours and Rebels for both Parties pretended loyalty and duty to his Majesty and yet all this time the Vice-king was not informed that Gonçalo Piçarro was so near but believed all the time that he had to deal with none but Pedro de Puelles The night following about the glimpse of the Evening Carate reports in the thirty fifth Chapter of his fifth Book That the Vice-king holding a Council of War with his Commanders it was there agreed as most advantageous and of less danger to get possession of the Town than to adventure a Battel in the open Field and accordingly before mid-night quietly and without noise they marched away leaving their Camp and Tents with the Indians who carried them and taking the way on the left hand they marched over a great Desart and Fernando Palentino says that it rained all night that they passed many rocky places and great Rivers so that many times their Horses were forced to take a rounding way by the side of steep Mountains and coming to the bottom they plunged into Rivers in which manner having marched all the night they lost several Men and Horses who were so disabled and left behind that they could not come time enough to the Battel and so soon as it was day they found themselves within a league of Quitu Thus far are the words of Palentino The reason which moved the Vice-king to take this troublesome march was in design to charge the Enemy in the Rere but as Carate saith he did not believe that either the way was so bad nor so long for when he moved his Camp he was not then above three leagues from Quitu and yet with the compass they took it proved at least eight leagues this errour was fatal to the Vice-king for whereas he should rather have kept his Men and Horse fresh and fit for engagement they were instead thereof so harassed and tried with their long march of eight leagues over Desarts and unpassable places that they had need of long rest and repose to recover them but where a misfortune and destiny is intended the Counsels which are designed for good are converted to ruine and destruction CHAP. XXXIV The Battel of Quitu wherein the Vice-king Blasco Nunnez was defeated and slain THE Vice-king entring into the City of Quitu found no resistance and there it was told him by a certain Woman that Piçarro was marching against him at which he wondred much but was soon made to understand the fraud and strategeme by which he was decoyed into that snare On the other side Gonçalo Piçarro knew nothing of the march of the Vice-king to Quitu but believed all the time that he had remained in his Camp but when in the morning the Scouts came near the Tents and hearing little or no noise they adventured in and understood from the Indians of all matters which had passed and accordingly gave information thereof to Gonçalo Piçarro who was not wanting to send the news to his Captains who immediately raised their Camp and marched in an orderly posture to Quitu with intention to give Battel to the Vice-king in what place soever they should meet him The Vice-king was not ignorant of all these matters and considering the great advantage which his Enemies had over him and that there was no security but in his Arms he resolved to hazard all upon the fortune of a Battel hoping that such as were true Servants and faithfull Subjects to his Majesty would revolt over to his side and so animating his people with these expectations he marched with his Forces out of the City and both sides were so full of courage as if they had been secure of Victory and though Gonçalo Piçarro had the greater advantage in his numbers yet the Vice-king was equal to him in the Valour and Conduct of his Captains all men of great spirit and renown those who commanded the Infantry were Sancho Sanchez d' Avila his Cousin John Cabrera and Francis Sanchez his Captains of Horse were Admiral Sebastian de Belalcaçar Cepeda and Pedro de Bassan and so both Armies marched to meet each other At the first a skirmish was begun by two parties of Musketiers detached from each Army in which the people of Piçarro had the advantage by the strength and goodness of their Powder and by the use of their Fire-arms being the better Marks-men by this time both Armies were come so near to each other that the detached Parties were forced to retreat to their respective Colours to make which good on Piçarro's side John de Acosta with another able Souldier called Paez de Sottomayor came in to bring their Party off Then Gonçalo Piçarro commanded Licenciado Carvajal to charge the right Wing of the Enemy and he himself designed to lead and bring up the Horse in the Front but his Captains dissuaded him from it and rather desired him to place himself within a Squadron of Foot where with seven or eight other Commanders he might better oversee and govern the battel The Vice-king's Troops of Horse consisting of about a hundred and fourty men observing that the Troops of Carvajal were coming up to charge them they put themselves on a Trot to meet them but so without rank or order that they seemed as Carate says of them to be half routed before they came to engage and a file of Musquetiers so galled them in the flank that though Carvajal's party was less in number yet the Vice-king's Horse were so harassed and tyred and the Enemy on the contrary fresh and in courage that Carvajal had great advantage over them Howsoever engaging first with their Lances many fell on both sides and at length fighting nearer with their Swords and Daggers Pole-axes and Hooks the battel grew hot and bloudy but then Picarro's Standard supported with about a hundred men coming in quite turned the scale of the battel and the Enemy routed and totally defeated On the other side the fight
Laws and the general Pardon for what was already past for when they saw themselves secured in their possessions and commands over the Indians and absolved of the murthers spoils and robberies they had committed in the late Civil Wars they resolved to close with this opportunity to save themselves though thereby they sacrificed and surrendred him to destruction who had promoted them to the Titles of Captains and Ambassadours of that Empire rather in expectation of future services from them than in reward of former merit for though they were Persons of Quality yet none of them had been Conquerours unless Alonso Palamino This Secret was concealed for some few days which the President esteemed as no loss of time considering his great success in so short a time In fine at a general Rendezvous the several Colours were surrendred up into the hands of the President and the Captains publickly declared for the President who accepted the surrender in the name of his Majesty and restored every man to his Office by Commission from the Emperour as is confirmed by Gomara Chapter 179. in these words By the prudent and dexterous negotiations of Gasca and by the promises of reward which he made to Hinojosa for there could be no force or compulsion in the case a voluntary surrender was made of the whole Fleet unto the President and here the first step was made to the ruine of Gonçalo Piçarro Gasca accepted of the Fleet and confirmed Hinojosa in his Office of Admiral and all the Captains in the commands of their respective Ships thereby converting Traitors to a condition of loyal and faithfull Subjects The President having gained the Fleet began to conceive great hopes of these his negotiations and indeed he had reason so to believe for without the Fleet he could never have succeeded in his enterprise by Sea it had been impossible to have sound shipping to transport him to Peru and to go by Land as it was once designed the journey had been difficult and attended with the sufferings of hunger cold and other dangers Thus much Gomara reports of this matter and in the same place touches upon the industry and diligence used by the President in all his actions and the mutual Promises and Engagements which passed between both Parties This accord being made and the account of the Arrears of pay being made up and stated Gasca thought it time publickly to own the command of all and to chuse Pedro de Hinojosa Captain-General of all the Forces both by Sea and Land. Then he commanded and ordered four Ships to be prepared and fitted under the command of Lorenço de Aldana John Alonso Palomino Hernan Mexia and John Yllanes Lorenço de Aldana was appointed Admiral of the four Ships which were to carry three hundred men of the best Seamen and Souldiers selected out of the Fleet and provided with all things necessary for their Voyage They were moreover ordered to carry with them many Copies or Transcripts of his Majesty's most gratious revocation of the late Ordinances and of the general Pardon which was extended and indulged to all persons without exception the which were in the best manner they could contrive to be dispersed in all places of the inland Countries These four Captains being accordingly dispatched the President wrote a Letter to Don Antonio de Mendoça Vice-king at that time of Mexico informing him of all particulars which had succeeded to that time and desiring his assistence with Men and Arms to forward his Majesty's Service In like manner Dispatches were sent to Don Baltasar de Castilla at Guatimala and Nicaragua and to other persons of St. Domingo and Popoyan and the like unto other parts for it was believed that all was little enough to reduce the Rebels to their duty and allegiance but no force was so prevalent as the revocation of the late Ordinances and the general Pardon which operated on the minds of men and contributed more to the ruine of Gonçalo Piçarro and consignation of the Empire to Gasca than all the preparations did which were made for War. But now returning to speak of Paniagua whom we left on his Voyage to Los Reyes we shall pass by the Journal of what happened in his passage to relate matters more essential to this History Paniagua being arrived at Los Reyes he delivered the Letters which he brought from his Majesty and from the President to the hands of Piçarro as also his general Letter of Credence signifying that he was sent by order of the President and that entire belief was to be yielded to whatsoever he should deliver in the name of his Majesty and of the President Gonçalo Piçarro seemingly gave him a fair reception and having heard his Message he dismist him for the present charging and forewarning him not to meddle or treat with any about the affairs of the President at his peril He then called for Licenciado Cepeda and Francisco de Carvajal and in presence of those three onely were the King's Letters read as Augustine Carate writes The Substance of his Majesty's Letter The KING BY your Letters Gonçalo Piçarro and by other relations we have been informed of the many troubles and commotions which have happened in the Provinces of Peru since the time that Blasco Nunnez Vela Our Vice-king arrived there together with the Judges of our Courts of Justice and which were raised by putting those new Laws and Ordinances into execution though contrived and framed for the better Government of those parts and for the ease and relief of the Natives thereof And we are well assured that neither you nor any of those who have followed your Party did act intentionally to doe us a dis-service but onely to put a stop to the severity which the said Vice-king used in the violent and indiscreet execution thereof without receiving or admitting any reasons or petitions to the contrary Of all which being well informed and having heard whatsoever Francisco Maldonado had to communicate to us on your behalf and from the Inhabitants of those Provinces we have thought fit to send Licenciado de la Gasca one of the Counsellours of the Holy and General Inquisition with Title and in Quality of our President to whom We have given a Commission and such Instructions as will undoubtedly put an end to all the troubles and commotions of that Countrey And farther we have given him a general authority to act and doe whatsoever he shall judge may most redound to the service and honour of God to the improvement of those Provinces to the benefit and welfare of Our Subjects who are Planters and of the Natives thereof Wherefore we do command and require you to be aiding and assisting to our said President in whatsoever he shall demand of you in Our Name towards the performance and accomplishment of those rules and directions which have been given him And herein relying upon you with much confidence We shall ever be mindfull of the Services which your Brother
people they bring from thence as also those who come into them from the Coast are all weak and sickly and ill armed and their powder is moist and wet and of little strength for which reason one of your Ships is worth four of theirs But the two Lawyers who were no Friends to Carvajal whispered to Gonçalo Piçarro that they much suspected Carvajal and feared that the trouble and concernment he shewed for burning the Ships was because he thereby lost his means to escape and fly to the Enemy But hereafter we shall see the advice of Carvajal verified by experience and how much the Lawyers were mistaken in their measures CHAP. VII The President departs from Panama and goes to Tumpiz as also Lorenço de Aldana to the Valley de Santa from whence he sends Spyes against Gonçalo Piçarro who names Captains pays all his Souldiers and frames a Process against the President PEdro de la Gasca President for his Majesty having dispatched Lorenço de Aldana and his Companions upon the four Ships which were bound for Peru he applied himself wholly to raise Men and Horse and to get what Arms and Provisions the adjacent Countries did afford him that therewith he might follow and second the Forces which were gone before him Amongst those which came to his assistence was a very famous Souldier called Pedro Bernardo de Quitos born at Anduxar who some years past came into the Indies and had served his Majesty in the Isles of Barlovento Cartagena and the Continent in quality onely of an Ensign in which station he still contented himself because no better preferment did offer at that time in which capacity he acquitted himself well during all the Wars with Gonçalo Piçarro and afterwards served with title of Captain in the Wars of Don Sebastian de Castilla and of Francisco Hernandez Giron so that he well deserved to have been rewarded with Lands and an Indian Plantation which in the City of Cozco was called Cacha together with a provision to maintain Lances for defence of that Kingdom Several Gentlemen and Noble Souldiers and the best Nobility of that Maritime Coast put themselves under the command of this worthy Officer for service of his Majesty to the number of five hundred persons which when the President had seen and accounted his Forces in other parts he believed that he should have no farther need of any relief or recruits from Mexico as he formerly desired of which he gave notice to the Vice-king Don Antonio de Mendoça and the other Governours with informations of whatsoever had hitherto past Having sent these advices and left necessary instructions for securing the Government of Panama and Nombre de Dios he dispatched a full relation of all that passed untill that time unto his Majesty and in what manner he had acted for his service and then set Sail for Peru with all his Fleet and though when he first set out he met some storms and bad weather within the Bays and Gulfs between Lands yet they gave him no stop in prosecution of his Voyage in which on his way he happily encountred with Fernandez Paniagua who brought an answer from Gonçalo Piçarro Their joy was very great at meeting and increased especially when he understood the good will and affection which the people then actually with Piçarro expressed towards his Majesty's service which they promised to manifest so soon as occasion offered and so much was the President transported with the news that he refused to reade Piçarro's Letters lest he should make some Propositions which he would not gladly hear and therefore without reading he burnt them and continued his Voyage with a favourable gale untill he came to Tumpiz where we will leave him for a while to see what Lorenço de Aldana was doing who was gone with his four Ships to the City of Los Reyes and to relate the great trouble Piçarro conceived at the news of this revolt Lorenço de Aldana proceeding on his Voyage loosed from Truxillo and sailed along the Coast and having some sick people aboard he came for refreshment to the River called de Santa where they took in fresh water from whence he sent a certain Friar of the Merceds called Friar Pedro de Ulloa to carry to Piçarro the news of his arrival in those parts and with this occasion to advise all persons whom he knew to be well affected to escape out of the City of Los Reyes upon any Boats or Vessels they could get promising that with the Pinnaces and Skiffs belonging to the Ships he would gather and take them up and bring them aboard their Ships So soon as Piçarro heard that this Friar was come he presently caused him to be brought to him without permission to discourse with any person either in publick or private and upon the news of the revolt of his Fleet he highly inveighed against Lorenço de Aldana accusing him of falsity and betraying his Countrey and of ingratitude for the friendship he had ever shewed him blaming himself very much for not having followed the counsel and persuasions of his Officers who long since would have had him hanged and punished for his demerit as justice required But matters could not be carried so secretly but that the revolt of the Fleet under command of Lorenço de Aldana unto the President was published and talked of over all the Town so that Piçarro being forced to own it he presently proclaimed a War and beat up Drums for listing Souldiers Captains also were named and appointed and pay advanced to every private Souldier and some Souldiers of note received a thousand or two thousand pieces of Eight upon advance according to their quality and deserts A general Rendezvous was appointed to which place Piçarro marched on foot as General of the Infantry which as Carate in the eleventh Chapter of his sixth Book says consisted of a thousand men all as well armed and clothed as any Companies in Italy in the times of peace for besides their armour every man had good Shoes and Stockins and a Silk Doublet and some of Cloth of Gold or Silver or embroideries upon their Cloaks with Hats turned up with Gold Buckles and the Stocks of their Guns plated and embossed with Gold. The Captains of Horse were Licenciado Cepeda and Licenciado de Carvajal being great confidents and highly in favour The Captains which commanded the Harquebusiers were John de Acosta John Velez de Guevara and John de la Torre The Captains of the Pikes were Hernando Bachicao Martin de Almendras and Martin de Robles but the Lieutenant-General of all was Francisco de Carvajal who kept his former station and commanded his own Company of Harquebusiers which had always followed him The Standard was carried by Antonio Altamirano and guarded by eighty Horse Some Captains in their Colours made a Cypher with the name of Gonçalo Piçarro that is with the G. and P. with a Crown over it another Captain brought that Cypher into the form
from them for having killed many persons unjustly and that he lead a dissolute life with a certain woman that he was in confederacy with Gonçalo Piçarro and went from Chile with design and intention to join with him besides many other treasonable things of which they impeached him and in conclusion they desired that he might be condemned to pay and return the Gold he had taken from them The President found himself much perplexed and straitned in this matter for in case he condemned Valdivia he absolutely destroyed his voyage which tended to the quiet and benefit of Peru by clearing the Countrey of so many leud and insolent Souldiers as were to accompany him And in case the taking away the Gold were proved upon him and he not compelled to make restitution it would be such a piece of injustice as would tend much to the disreputation of the President and make a great noise and out-cry in the Countrey And being in this strait a contrivance was made to avoid the restitution which was in this manner Before it was ordered that Copies should be given to Valdivia of the Accusation and Articles preferred against him or any summary information a rule was given that first a solemn Inquisition should be made in the Office of the names of all those persons who were concerned in the Bill against the Defendant the which was to be done in that slight manner that the reason for which it was required might not be discovered And when it appeared by the Bill that all the People of Chile were concerned as Plaintiffs and were all Parties and interested in the Demand none of them could lawfully be made a Witness or give legal testimony in their own Cause he then ordered that Valdivia should have a Copy of the Bill and give in a speedy Answer the which he accordingly did denying every thing that was alledged against him it then lay upon the Plaintiffs to prove all by their Witnesses The Cause coming to a tryal and no testimony produced besides that of the Parties interested the President proceeded ex officio to sentence in favour of Valdivia And though something was proved of his intention towards Gonçalo Piçarro yet the President declared that neither for that nor other matters he found sufficient reason to divert Valdivia from his intended Conquest howsoever he took security from him not to entertain any of those who were banished for their Rebellion And also that he would send a Judge upon the place to make a strict inquisition concerning the Gold and gave Valdivia particularly in charge to give satisfaction for the same which he promising to perform the suit was dismist and he permitted to proceed to Chile Thus far Palentino who therewith concludes this Chapter CHAP. VI. The unfortunate death of Diego Centeno in the Charcas and of Licenciado Carvajal in Cozco The foundation of the City of Peace the Courts of Judicature are setled in Los Reyes AFter that the President Gasca had finished the Distribution of Lands as he designed in Apurimac and was gone to Los Reyes the Inhabitants and chief Lords of Peru took their leaves of him in order to return to their own homes Cities and Places of aboad some to take possession of their new Estates and others to repair their old which were gone to ruine and decay by the miseries of the War. Amongst the rest Diego Centeno went to his Estate in the Village of Plate now called the City of Plate by reason of the vast quantities of Silver which they daily dig out of that Hill adjoining to it called Potocsi where his intention was to get what Silver and Gold he could and therewith transport himself into Spain to render an account unto his Majesty of all the Services he had done for his Imperial Crown which his Majesty taking into his gratious consideration might gratifie him with some reward which the President had omitted to doe for which neglect he esteemed himself highly affronted This resolution being discovered to some friends with whom he consulted his intention presently took air and was divulged through the whole Kingdom being wrote in all Letters and Papers of advice which greatly offended the Government to hear that a person so considerable as Centeno was preparing to carry his Complaints into Spain some of the great Officers then in power being jealous of his Design would have persuaded him not to goe on pretence of friendship to him but finding that they could not prevail they resolved on another course more certain and secure than the former which was this Some of the Neighbours thereabouts out of malice and some out of ignorance wrote a Letter to Diego Centeno desiring him to come to the City of Plate where they might consult amongst themselves concerning his Voyage into Spain and other matters of their own which they would recommend to be communicated by him to his Imperial Majesty Centeno accordingly prepared for his journey to the City which being known to his Indians they earnestly persuaded him not to goe having received some private intimation as they said from their familiar spirits of an intent to kill him but Centeno was the more resolved because he would shew how little he valued the superstitious witchcrafts and presages of the Indians Great was the joy which those who invited him shewed at his arrival but some Souldiers who had been his friends and companions at the time when he was pursued by Francisco de Carvajal and in the Battels of Huarina and Sacsahuana privately suggested their fears for his appearance there telling him that the prediction which his own Indian servants had made known to him the same was also confirmed by those of that City and signifie◠to their Masters the which his friends interpreted for a sinister omen though in reality there appeared no outward cause or reason to suspect it But Centeno carried the matter high and slighted the vain superstition of the Indians saying that their conversation was with the Devil who was the Father of Lyes and therefore no credence was to be given to their presages but a short time shewed the vanity of his confidence for having been four days in the City he was solemnly invited to an entertainment in the house of a certain Gentleman whose name it is not necessary to specifie here but onely to recount the matter of fact like an Historian without other reflexion seeing that the persons themselves are now in place where they have given an account of this action In short at this Banquet such a dose of poison was prepared and given to Centeno so privately and undiscovered without any present symptoms or torments in the Bowels as did his business and dispatched him in three days His death was greatly lamented by all sorts of People in the Kingdom for he was a Gentleman of much goodness and affable deportment which had gained him a general affection and esteem He had been concerned in all the exploits and atchievements of
that Countrey having been one of those who had entred with Don Pedro de Alvarado and engaged with him in the Conquest of the Empire the news of his death being come into Spain his Brother gave a relation of the manner of it to the Emperour Charles the Fifth and that he had left two natural Children a Son and a Daughter who were poor and destitute because the Estate which their Father had from the services of Indians ended with his death in consideration of which his Majesty gratiously conferred for a portion to the Daughter the sum of twelve thousand ducats of Castile and settled upon the Son Gaspar Centeno who was a School-fellow of mine an Estate of four thousand pieces of Eight of yearly rent to be paid out of his Majesty's Royal Treasure in the City of Plate I have heard that this Estate was made an inheritance for ever but I know not how to believe it because I did never hear that any Estate of inheritance was ever charged on the King's Treasury but for one Life or two at most Some few months after the death of Centeno Licenciado Carvajal came also to an unfortunate end in Cozco as we have hinted before by a fall from a high Window for without any respect to his Office as Judge they cut the Cords of the Ladder by which he came up and went down Many other men died and came to unfortunate ends in divers Cities of Peru by which Lands and Estates over Indians became void and places made for other Pretenders by which the President had opportunity to gratifie many who were aggrieved to have been left out of the last Division but men were not satisfied herewith but as discontented and complaining as before as will appear by what follows for every man fansied that his Services merited the whole Empire of Peru. Now in the mean time whilst these violent Deaths and Misfortunes happened in the City of Plate and in Cozco the President Gasca was intent to the repairs of the City of Los Reyes and to erect a new Court of Chancery there which continues to this day He also contrived ways to people the City of Peace As Diego Hernandez Palentino declares in the second Book of the first Part of his History in these words Don Jeronimo de Loaysa says he was dispatched away with this Letter which he was to carry to the City of Cozco and was that which the President wrote to the Souldiers who were left out of the distribution and had no Estate allotted to them as before mentioned which caused great disturbances as that of Francisco Hernandez whose rebellion proceeded from that cause alone The President Gasca departed from Guanarima and went to the City of Los Reyes and in his journey he gave a Commission to Alonso Mendoça to be Governour of the New Colony which was founded in Chuquiabo and called our Lady of Peace which name was given to it by the President because it was founded in the time of Peace after so much War which had harassed that Countrey and because it is the middle way between Arequepa and the Charcas which are a hundred and seventy leagues distant from each other and is also the mid-way between Cuzço and the Charcas being in like manner a hundred and seventy leagues and being the road between such considerable Cities it was conceived necessary to have a City founded there for the convenience of Travellers and to prevent Robberies and Violences which were committed in those parts And having ordered all things in this manner he proceeded in his journey to Los Reyes and made his Entry into that City on the seventeenth day of September being there received with all the signal demonstrations of joy that could be expressed with Sports and Dances Feasts and Revels The President entered with the Royal Seal before him to signifie his intention to erect a Court of Chancery in that City The Seal and the President had a rich Canopy over them the Seal was on the right hand inclosed in a rich Case and carried on a white Horse covered with a Foot-cloth of Tissue to the very ground and which was lead by the Reins by Lorenço de Aldana the Chief Justice and the Mule of the President was lead by Jeronimo de Silva the Mayor of the City Lorenço de Aldana and the other Officers who bore up the Sticks of the Canopy were clothed with Garments of Incarnation Sattin and went bare-headed The Guards who were appointed to attend the Seal and the President had Liveries bestowed on them at the cost of the City as had all the Dancers and Actors cloaths and properties given them of Silk with divers colours And the Dancers came forth in their several Orders representing the Cities and principal People of Peru every one repeating a Distich or two signifying the fidelity of their People towards the Emperour LIMA I am the City of Lime Who came the first in time All happiness to bring Unto our Lord the King. TRUXILLO I 'm called the City of Truxillo Who with true Loyalty Came with my men to serve his Majesty In like manner Pyura Quito Guanuco and the Chachapoyas also Guamanca Arequipa Cozco and the Charcas presented themselves before the President with Verses to the same substance as before which being all in Dogerel rithm were scarce worthy of a Translation into English and indeed the Authour is of the same opinion for he saith that they were so dull and insipid that they savoured more of Indian than Spanish composure But to return now to the Reasons which Palentino gives for the foundation of the City of Peace which we have already mentioned we cannot allow that the prevention of Robberies could be any motive or reason for the building of that City for such hath been the generosity of that Empire called Peru of which may be said what cannot be said of any other Kingdom of the World namely that from the Conquest thereof which was in the year 1531 to this very time which is towards the end of 1610 it was never known or heard that either publickly or privately any Robberies had been committed nor have any Merchants and Dealers ever been assaulted on the highway though they have been known to carry with them vast quantities of Gold and Silver over Desarts and Mountains for the space of three or four hundred leagues and have travelled with such security that they adventured to lye in the fields day and night without other defence or guard than their mere Tents which is a thing so commendable as is spoken of both in the Indies and in Spain greatly to the honour and praise of this Empire We mean that such security as this is in time of Peace and not in the time of War for then as we have said before there is nothing but spoil and robbery where Violence and arbitrary Power and not Law prevail CHAP. VII The Cares and Troubles which the President Gasca sustained How he
Gentleman of Quality and one educated under so religious and good a Prince as the Vice-king Don Antonio de Mendoça should perform an action so odious and unpolitick as to tear a Petition subscribed by above eighty Lords of Vassals and Inhabitants of a City which was the Metropolis of all that Empire For if such a thing had been done it had not been strange be it said with all respect to his Royal Majesty if they had given him fifty stabbs with their Daggers as this Authour averrs saying that Francisco Hernandez Giron and his Associates had conspired so to doe either in the Town-house or in the Shop of a Publick Notary where the Governour used to hold his Court of Justice Thus far Palentino And because it is not reason that we should so positively contradict the Writings of this Authour which in many places may be taken up from vulgar Reports we shall therefore omit all farther computation and proceed according to the method of our History in the relation of what really passed in the City of Cozco where I was personally present and was an eye-witness of what was there transacted which was this The Offence taken at the Severity of Justice executed in the Charcas did seem to concern no other Citizen of Cozco than onely Francisco Hernandez Giron who kept no conversation or correspondence with the Inhabitants but with the Souldiers onely which was a sufficient indication of his evil Intentions And receiving informations that the Marshal made Enquiries after him and being conscious to himself of his own guilt he became wary of his own person and resolved speedily to break forth into open Rebellion To which end he entered into communication with some Souldiers who were his Friends being not above twelve or thirteen in number namely John Cobo Antonio Carrillo of whom we have made mention in the History of Florida Diego Gaviland and John Gaviland his brother Nunno Mendiola and Diego de Alvarado the Lawyer who availed himself more of his skill in War than in Law and indeed he had reason not to boast himself much of his Learning for he had never shewn any either in War or Peace these Souldiers though poor were yet honourable and of noble extraction Besides these he imparted his design to Francisco Hernandez and Thomas Vasquez who was a rich Citizen and a principal person of the Corporation and one of the first Conquerours when Atahualpa was a prisoner and with him he entred into a Discourse of these matters upon occasion of a quarrel which some few months before had arisen between this Thomas Vasquez and the Governour Gil. Ramirez de Avalos who out of passion rather than reason apprehended Vasquez and clapt him into the publick prison proceeding against him rather like a party than a Judge of which ill usage Vasquez had reason to complain since that to persons of his quality and ancient family it was usual to shew all honour and respect Francisco Hernandez taking hold of this disposition in Vasquez to revenge the injuries he had received easily prevailed upon him to accept the proposal and to engage himself to be of his party in like manner he drew another to join with him called John de Piedrahita a man of a mean fortune and one who for the most part of the year lived in the Countrey with his Indians he was also of an unquiet temper and so needed no great persuasion to be prevailed upon by Francisco Hernandez These two Citizens and another called Alonso Diaz engaged with Hernandez in the insurrection he made though Palentino names another called Rodrigo de Pineda but neither he nor others who went with him to the City of Los Reyes did join with Hernandez in his rebellion though they followed his party afterwards as will appear in this History rather out of fear than love or any interest whatsoever for they abandoned his party with the first opportunity that presented and revolted over to his Majesty's service which was the ruine and destruction of Hernandez Palentino having nominated without any distinction Citizens and Souldiers that were engaged in this conspiracy he says that they plotted to kill the Governour and raise a tumult in the City and over all the Kingdom but I am confident that this report was framed by a person who was ill affected to the Inhabitants of Peru for he never speaks of them but with a prejudice calling them Traytours and rebellious persons The truth is I am a native of that City and consequently a Son of that Empire and therefore it troubles me to hear my Contreymen so causlesly reproached with the terms of disloyalty who never offended his Royal Majesty nay they condemn them of rebellion or at best suspect them of treason who did the service to acquire to his Majesty a vast Empire and so wealthy as hath filled all the world with its riches For my part I protest in the faith of a Christian that I will speak the truth without any partiality or favour and will declare and plainly confess the truth of all the proceedings of Hernandez and where they are obscure confused or doubtfull I shall render them as plain and manifest as I am able Know then that Francisco Hernandez conspired with those whom we have before mentioned and with another Souldier called Bernardino de Robles and another called Alonso Gonçalez a man as vile and base in his extraction and manners as he was ugly in his person form and shape for he proved the bloudiest Villain in the World killing every one who stood in his way even those whom Hernandez had pardoned pretending that Execution was done before the pardon arrived His trade was before this rebellion broke out to keep Hogs in the valley of Sacsahuana which was in the Estate and Allotment of Hernandez from whence began that great friendship and dearness which was between them The rebellion being resolved it was agreed that it should break forth on the thirteenth of November in the year 1553. being the day when a marriage was to be celebrated between Alonso de Loaysa one of the richest and most principal Inhabitants of that City and Nephew to the Arch-bishop of Los Reyes and Donna Maria de Castrillia Niece to Baltasar de Castrillia Daughter to his Sister Donna Leonor de Bobadilla and of Nunno Tovar a Cavalier of Badajoz of whom we have made mention at large in our History of Florida And now in this following Chapter we will relate the beginning of this Rebellion which was so vexatious expensive and ruinous to this whole Empire CHAP. II. Francisco Hernandez raises a Rebellion in Cozco What happened in the night of this Rebellion Many Inhabitants fly from the City THE day of the Nuptials being come all the Citizens and their Wives dressed themselves in their best Apparel to honour the Wedding for on all such solemn occasions as this either of Festivals or days of mourning it was the custome amongst these Citizens to rejoice
good an opinion of themselves as to believe they deserved to be made Generals of Armies greater than this The Captains of Foot were Rodrigo Ninno once condemned to the Gallies Lewis de Avalos Diego Lopez de Cenniga Lope Martin Lusitano Antonio de Luxan and Baltazar Velasquez who in the last rebellion of Don Sebastian de Castilla escaped from the Justice of the Marshal Alonso de Alvarado as hath been already mentioned Lope de Guaço was made Standard-bearer General and the Command of Horse refused by Melchior Verdugo was bestowed upon Pedro de Carate And Alonso de Carate a Citizen of Arequepa was also made Captain of Horse Francisco de Pinna was made Serjeant Major and Nicholas de Ribera Junior was made Captain of the Guards to the Justices with Title of Captain of the Guard to the Royal Seal which was as Palentino saith to disguise the Presumption of raising a Guard for themselves But when they came to make choice of a Captain General a great Tumult and Sedition arose by three Pretenders who were all men of Estates and Interest and each abetted by a considerable Party The Persons in nomination were Santillan one of his Majesty's Justices who had the best reputation of them all and was allyed to many of the Nobility who had gained the Empire and who appeared in favour of his Election The second who pretended thereunto was the Arch-bishop of Los Reyes called Don Geronimo de Loaysa but what reason should incite this religious Person who was of the Order of Preachers and Archbishop in the Church of God to be General of an Army against Christians is not known though Souldiers took the Boldness to assign the cause thereof to Ambition and Vanity of a Prelate whose duty it was to remain in his Church praying for the Peace of those Christians and for the Conversion of Insidels by preaching the Gospel rather than to appear a Fomenter of the civil War. The third Pretender was Dr. Saravia one of his Majesty's Justices of the same Tribunal who though he was sufficiently assured that he was never likely to carry his pretension yet out of opposition to Santillan and from a spirit of Emulation he was resolved to appear against him and finding his Party too weak then to join them with that of the Archbishop's In this suspense matters remained for several days without any determination untill atlength the Electors finding that time was lost in these quarrels to the hindrance of affairs and to the weakning of the authority of the Army they agreed as the best expedient to gratifie both parties to make choice of two Generals namely Santillan and the Archbishop of Los Reyes supposing thereby to have satisfied the desires of Doctour Saravia and his Party Whilst these things were in agitation News was brought to the Justices and Letters from the Citizens of Cozco giving an account of the numbers and qualities of the persons who were gone from thence to serve his Majesty But such was the jealousie and suspicion which the Justices entertained of every person and action in that rebellion that they even mistrusted each other and much more the advices and Intelligence which came from the quarters of the rebellious party wherefore they sent them word not to advance nearer to Los Reyes untill farther order But no sooner had they dispatched away the Messenger with this Command than they discovered their own Errour and began to consider how prejudicial it might prove to the service of his Majesty to reject and refuse admission to such principal persons who were coming to their Party and had chosen to abandon their Houses Wives and Children rather than to remain in the power and at the disposal of the Rebels wherefore they instantly dispeeded away another Messenger with a kind invitation to them signifying in the most obliging terms how acceptable their coming would be to the City and encharged the messenger to make such speed as to overtake the former and require of him his dispatches which he was to stifle that nothing of the Contents thereof might be known which being performed accordingly the Citizens of Cozco arrived at Los Reyes where they were received with all the kindness and respect imaginable The Election of Captains and Generals being at length made and agreed Orders were sent by the Judges to all the Cities of the Empire giving them to understand that Hernandez Giron was in actual rebellion to suppress which it was their duty to arme themselves and appear for service of his Majesty And a List was sent of the Names of all the Captains who were to command Horse and Foot in the several Plantations Moreover Proclamation was every where made of General Pardon to all those who had been engaged in the late Wars with Gonçalo Piçarro or Don Sebastian de Castilla provided that within such a time they came in for Service of his Majesty For it was well known that many of those people had concealed themselves amongst the Indians not daring to shew themselves in the Spanish Plantations It was farther thought necessary to secure the Seas for which Service Lope Martin was appointed to embark on a Galeon then in Port with fourty Souldiers and to fit and equippe what other Ships he could provide Lope Martin accordingly acted but his Command lasted not above eight days for he was too passionate and cholerick for such a charge which required a person of a more phlegmatick constitution and better temper Wherefore Geronimo de Silva was put into his place which he executed like a Gentleman and a Souldier well experienced in affairs both by Sea and Land and Lope Martin returned to his command of a Foot-company where we will leave him to declare the things were acting by Hernandez Giron Who now perceiving himself strong in men and in the increase of his forces to the number of four hundred who were come to him from divers parts besides those he had sent to Huamaca and Arequepa he resolved to march towards the City of Los Reyes to fight the Army of the Justices as he called it meaning that his Army was the Royal Army and raised for service of his Majesty And though he had above four hundred men with him well clothed armed and mounted yet it troubled him to observe that he was not backed and seconded by the concurrence and authority of the several Cities Towns and Villages for whose interest safety and honour he pretended to have raised that War But before he resolved on his march to Los Reyes he was considering with himself whether it were not better to proceed first against the Marshal whose party he looked upon to be weakest and ill affected to him by reason of the great rigour cruelty and severity he had lately exercised to the great scandal and displeasure of all sides and parties whom he had in some way or other disobliged by the death of their friends kindred or relations Upon which ground many persons skilfull
He was much lamented by all that knew him being a person of great goodness and honour as appears by the entertainment and reception he gave to Francisco de Carvajal his Wife and Family when he found them in the Market-place of Arequepa destitute of Lodging or Money or Friends to entertain them Notwithstanding this success which the Rebels had in pursuit of their enemies who fled before them yet their loss was greater by the revolt of many of their own Souldiers to the King's party which caused them to give over the pursuit and sound a retreat lest the example of those who fled should be the cause of a general mutiny and defection amongst their Forces John Rodriguez de Villalobos a Citizen of Cozco was one of those who revolted that day from Hernandez whom though he had endeavoured to engage to him by the marriage of his Wife's Sister yet the loyalty he owed to his Prince was of greater prevalency with him than the bond and tie of alliance but Hernandez seemed to make light of his desertion swearing in contempt and disdain of him that he was more troubled for a Sword he carried with him than he was for his person or any other concernment relating to him And farther to shew his confidence and the assurance he had to prevail he again publickly declared that he gave free liberty to any man who was weary of his service to pass over to the side of the Justices for he pretended not to entertain forced and pressed Souldiers but willing and faithfull Friends As to Paulo de Meneses himself he left his Souldiers and fled to Chincha which Palentino testifies in these words When Paulo de Meneses says he saw that his Souldiers fled and that his Body of Horse ran away in full carriere he turned out of the way and passed through a sandy Countrey towards the River Pisco and with three other Companions who followed him came to Chincha c. Thus far this Authour As the Rebels returned from the pursuit they gathered up all the Arms Coats Cloaks and other things of burthen which the King's party had scattered in the way and thrown from their Horses and Mules to ease them in their flight like those who are in a storm at Sea throw their Goods and Lading over Board to save their Vessel and their Lives And such was the fortune of these Royalists who but even now being in a condition to threaten their enemies with a total destruction were in the next moment forced to flight and entirely defeated In this place it will be no great digression from our purpose to relate a story concerning the faithfulness of an Horse which I knew towards his Master because it is rare and curious and because such accidents as this seldom happen in the world In this Battel of Spurs as we may call it there was a certain Gentleman engaged of his Majesty's party called John Julio de Hogeda as Citizen of Cozco and one of the first Conquerours of that Empire who amongst other Horses which he kept was mounted that day at Villacori upon one with black spots and running full speed as Palentino saith Hogeda fell from his Horse which seeing his Master on the ground gave a stop amidst three hundred other Horses and Beasts of burthen and would not stir untill his Master got up again and was mounted on his back which faithfulness of an irrational Beast saved the life of his Master and may be recounted for a story without example unless it were another of the like nature performed by the same Horse of which I my self was a witness at Cozco where after the War was ended certain Gentlemen exercising their Horses after the Genet fashion as they usually did in the common course every Sunday it happened that a School-fellow of mine of mongrel race whose Father was a Spaniard and his Mother an Indian called Pedro de Altamirano Son of Antonio de Altamirano one of the first Conquerours being mounted on this Horse and running full speed by a Window on his left hand he espied a fair young Lady looking out from the House belonging to Alonso de Mesa the sight of whom caused him to forget his race and at the next course having the Window on his right hand he turned his head two or three times to see the beauty of the Lady The third time passing the same place the Horse being sensible that his Rider checked him in his carriere he strained harder than before to gain the Race but the young Gallant being more intent on the beauty of his Mistress than the Government of his Horse he leaned too much on one side and fell to the ground which when the Horse perceived he gave a stop in his full speed and staid without moving untill the Gallant arose and again mounted upon him and then he continued his course to the great admiration of those who were present All which I my self saw from a Gallery of my Father's House the which action may serve to confirm the truth of the former unto those who had not the faith to believe it at the first And so we shall return to the Army of the Justices where we shall find nothing but animosities and troubles and changes of Officers and places of Trust. CHAP. XIII The Justices deprive the two Generals of their Office. Francisco Hernandez comes to Nanasca A Spie carries the news of the many changes The Rebels compose an Army of Negroes SUch were the quarrels and dissensions in his Majesty's Camp between the two Generals that the Captains and Souldiers were scandalized thereat and troubled to see on all occasions things diversly and contrarily disposed The Generals being informed of these complaints and murmurings of the Souldiery were persuaded at the instance of several principal persons to dine one day together in order whereunto with much intreaty they brought the Justice Santillan from his quarters two leagues off where he was retired to a meeting with the Archbishop and after Dinner they were made Friends to the great satisfaction as Palentino saith of the whole Army The same day towards Evening news was brought to the Camp of the defeat and rout given at Villacori at which they much admired having according to their best intelligence received daily advice that Paulo de Meneses was much stronger than the enemy The Justices Captains and other Officers were highly sensible of the loss they sustained by this defeat and found by experience that the original of that and other misfortunes proceeded from the discord and misunderstanding of the two Generals to the great disgrace and discouragement of the Imperial Army And though they endeavoured as much as was possible to palliate this loss saying that those who came over from the enemy made reparation for the numbers of those who were killed yet they could not digest the loss of reputation which the Royal Army sustained by the contrariety of their opinions and opposite commands and therefore calling
employed himself in raising men for his Majesty's service and providing Arms Ammunition Victuals Horses and Mules and what else was necessary for the use of the Souldiers He made Don Martin de Almendras a Gentleman who had married his Sister his Lieutenant and Diego de Porras a stout and valiant Souldier his Standard-bearer general Diego de Villavicennio was made Serjeant Major in which Office he had been in the War which President Gasca waged against Gonçalo Piçarro He nominated Pero Hernandez Paniagua and John Ortiz de Carate who had Estates in the Charcas for Captains of Horse with another Gentleman of Noble extraction called Don Gabriel de Guzman Gomez Hernandez the Lawyer was made Judge Advocate of the Camp and John Riba Martin Chief Apparitor Of the Infantry he constituted six Captains three of which had Estates and Plantations namely the Lawyer Polo Diego de Almendras and Martin de Alarçon The others who had no Estates were Hernando Alvarez de Toledo John Ramon and John de Arreynaga all which Commanders so diligently applyed themselves to their charge and employment that in a few days the Marshal had an Army composed of about eight hundred men of which Palentino Chap. 41. speaks as followeth His Forces were in number seven hundred seventy five men all good Souldiers well armed and richly clothed and with great attendance the like of which hath never been seen in Peru. And indeed it was no wonder they should be so coming from the Mountain or Hill which is the richest of any discovered as yet in this World. These are the words of Palentino of which I am sure he speaks very true for I saw them my self some few days afterwards in Cozco and then they appeared unto me to be as brave and as well accoutred as this Authour expresses so that being thus powerfull in Men and Arms and provided of all things necessary the Marshal marched towards Cozco in his way to which several Parties of ten and twenty in a Company came to join with him for the service of his Majesty And after he had passed Arequepa with the difficulties before related there came to him about forty Souldiers And Sancho Duarte and Captain Martin de Olmos who resided in the City of la Paz came forth to the Marshal with above two hundred good Souldiers at which meeting they testified great joy with vollies of shot and other Martial salutations The Army marching forwards came within the jurisdiction of the great City of Cozco where they were met by a small squadron under the Command of John de Sadvedra which though few in number and not exceeding eighty five men were yet considerable for their Estates and Interest in the Countrey amongst which were thirteen or fourteen Citizens of Cozco being all Conquerours of that Empire of the first or second Adventure Of these men there were sixty Horse and the rest were Foot most men of Estates and such as had fled from the Rebels to Los Reyes with intention to serve his Majesty With the appearance of so many good and brave Souldiers whom the Rebels once believed would have joined with them the Marshal was animated and encouraged and marched to the entrance of the City of Cozco being then above twelve hundred strong of which three hundred were Horse three hundred and fifty Musquetiers and about five hundred and fifty Piques and Halberts Every Troop and Company marched by it self with five in a File or Rank and afterwards drew up in the Market-place where the Horse and Foot made a feigned skirmish for sport and diversion and afterwards were all quartered within the Precincts of the City The Bishop of Cozco called Frier John Solano attended with his Dean and Chapter came forth to meet and welcome the Marshal and his Army and to give them his benediction Howsoever remembring the hardships he had endured when he accompanied Diego Centeno in his long marches he was unwilling to follow the Camp but rather chose to remain in his Church and pray for their success and the peace of the Countrey From Cozco the Marshal issued out his Warrants and Orders to repair the Bridges of the Rivers of Apurimac and Amancay intending to pass that way in quest of Francisco Hernandez of whom he had heard nothing of late nor was it known what was become of him At this time Advices were sent from the Justices of the ill success of Paul de Meneses at Villacori and that the Rebels were encamped in the Valley of Nanasca upon which intelligence the Marshal altered his design and returned back the same way he came to avoid passing by Arequepa and the Charcas which would have been a great hurt and damage to the Countrey and a means to prolong the War. Wherefore the Marshal changed his Orders concerning the Bridges which he commanded now to be burnt to hinder the passage of the Enemy in case they should design to return that way again The Marshal departing from Cozco marched fourteen or fifteen leagues along the Road to the Collao and then took the right hand way which leads to Nanasca where he expected to meet Hernandez but hearing no News of him he marched towards Parihuanacocha though in the way thither he was to pass a rocky desart of above thirty leagues over In this passage four Souldiers having robbed two Mules one belonging to Gabriel de Pernia and the other to Pedro Franco who were Souldiers of good reputation and therewith fled over to Hernandez the Marshal upon notice thereof presently commanded the two Souldiers to be strangled suspecting that they themselves had been consenting thereunto which being esteemed by all to be a piece of great injustice and cruelty caused murmurings and discontent in the Army and a thousand Curses against the Marshal As Palentino mentions Chapter 41. These four Souldiers which revolted met with the Scouts of Hernandez Giron and went with them to Nanasca where in private they gave a true account of the force which the Marshal brought with him and that he was coming to seek them by the way of Parihuanacocha though in publick not to discourage the People they reported that his force was weak and inconsiderable but Francisco Hernandez disabused his people and told them the truth for as Palentino saith he spake to them in these words Gentlemen do not flatter or deceive your selves but clinch your Fists close for I assure you that you have a thousand men coming against you from below on one side and 1200 from above which by the help of God I esteem as nothing for let me have but a hundred stout and valiant friends who will stick to me and I shall not doubt but to defeat them all And hereupon having prepared for his departure upon the eighth of May he left Nasca and marched to Lucanes by way of the mountain with intent to possess himself of Parinacocha before the Marshal came thither c. Thus far this Authour Chapter 41. Howsoever the Marshal Alonso
an hundred of the richest and principal persons of that Countrey and many who had spent six and seven thousand pieces of Eight and other two three and four thousand pieces At the beginning of the Fight Hernandez gave order to his Serjeant Major Antonio Carillo to guard a narrow passage with eight or nine Horse to intercept such as should steal away out of cowardise and fly from the danger In the heat of all the Battel Albertos de Ordunna Standard-bearer General to Hernandez came running to them trailing his Colours on the ground and told them that they must shift for them selves for that their General was killed and their Forces defeated whereupon they all fled and travelled eight or nine leagues that night but the next day receiving intelligence from the Indians that the Marshal was routed and that Hernandez remained Conquerour they returned to their Camp with sufficient shame and reproach for their Cowardise though they pretended to have gone in pursuit of the Marshal's men of which many were fled by those ways and to countenance them herein and not to shame them Hernandez was pleased to own that he had given them Orders to pursue those who had taken their flight by those ways The Victory being thus gained by Francisco Hernandez his Lieutenant-General was desirous at the end of the Fight to shew himself brave and a Man of action though during the Battel he neither acquitted himself like an Officer nor as the meanest or lowest of the Souldiers but now to doe something when the Souldiers brought a Gentleman of Camora prisoner named Romero the Commissary who but four days before had conducted a thousand Indians laden with provisions to the Marshal's Camp as we have formerly mentioned of which when the Lieutenant was informed he sent an Emissary of his whom he used to employ upon such like Messages called Alonso Gonzales with Orders to put him to death before he was brought into the General 's presence well knowing that he would grant him his Pardon in case any intercession was made for him which the bloudy Hangman accordingly executed Then they brought another Prisoner before Hernandez called Pero Hernandez the Loyal having deserved that Surname of distinction for the service duty and fidelity to his Majesty having always been engaged on his side but in the War against Gonçalo Piçarro and also served in quality of a Captain under John Vazquez Coronado a Citizen of Mexico when the seven Cities were discovered as we have given a relation in our History of Florida And now also he was engaged in the Army of the Marshal against Francisco Hernandez he had also the Title of Loyal to distinguish him from other seditious and rebellious Subjects of the same name such as Pero Hernandez who was concerned in the Conspiracy of Musu with Diego de Rojas as we have already related This Pero Hernandez the Loyal as Palentino saith was a Taylor with which Francisco Hernandez reproached him after he had given him his Pardon at the instance and request of Christopher de Funes calling him pitifull rascally Taylor that should dare to rise from his Shopboard to erect a Standard in the name of his Majesty But this report of him was false for I knew him all the time that he was in Peru for he lodged and dieted in my Father's house for before he came into the Indies he had been a domestick Servant in the Illustrious and most Excellent Family of Feria from which by the blessing of God my Father is descended by a younger Son. Wherefore in regard this Pero Hernandez had been a Servant to that Family and a Vassal to those Lords and a Native of Oliva in the Kingdom of Valencia my Father was kind to him and treated him with as much respect as if he had been his own Brother and on the other side this Pero Hernandez behaved himself like an honest worthy person and kept his two Horses one of which he called Paxarillo or Sparrow for the swiftness of his running I knew this Horse very well and I had reason so to doe for with his Horse after the Wars with Hernandez were ended a strange accident full of danger befell me but by the mercifull providence of God I was preserved from death This very man Palentino says was a Taylor but it was a mistake of his and must have been some other man who was a Taylor and that set up a Standard in Cozco against Hernandez and not this Pero for during all the time of this War I remained at Cozco and then in case this Pero Hernandez who lodged in my Father's house had set up any Standard or Colours it could not have passed without my knowledge and therefore in this matter I may rather be credited than this Authour The Youth whom I mentioned in the twenty fifth Chapter of the second Book to have had an Infirmity in his Eyes and that by applying a certain medicinal Herb thereunto I recovered his Sight which was in danger to be lost was the Son of this honest Souldier and was born in my Father's house and now in this year 1611. he lives at Oliva in Valencia his Father's Countrey and is called Martin Loyal whom his Excellency the Duke of Feria and the Right Honourable the Marquis of Villanueva de Barca Rota do employ in their service whensoever they have occasion to buy Horses or breed them up to the Manage for he became an Excellent Horseman in dressing the Genet which was the Horse that gained and conquered our Countrey c. When Pero Hernandez the Loyal received the first Intelligence of the Rebellion of Hernandez Giron he was then in the Antis trading for the Herb called Cuca which with an Herb called Tunu yields a great Revenue to his Majesty And then leaving his employment like a loyal Subject to his King he went to the Marshal's Camp where he remained untill he was taken Prisoner at the Battel of Chuquynca and presented to Francisco Hernandez for a Person of Quality and one eminent for the many Services he had formerly acted in service of his Imperial Majesty for which reason Hernandez gave present order to have him executed and accordingly the Hangman ordering him to kneel down that he might put the Halter more conveniently about his Neck and it happening at the same time that a certain Souldier asking the Executioner some questions which whilst he turned about his Head to answer and was in discourse with the Souldier up rose this Pero and ran with such swiftness that a Horse could not have overtaken him and directly coming to the presence of Hernandez he cast himself at his Feet and embracing both his Legs he most earnestly prayed and begged his mercy this Petition of his was seconded by all then present and particularly Christopher de Funes a Citizen of Huamanca interceded for him saying that the poor Wretch had already tasted of death by the apprehensions he had conceived of it when the Halter was
with relation to Indians who were in vassallage to them Eight days after he had taken the Chair of his Office he again renewed his Possession of the Empire in the Name of King Philip the Second to whom the Emperour Charles the Fifth had resigned the Kingdoms and Signories which appertained to him what Motives he had to make this resignation is not known but it is believed that his want of Health and indisposition of Body were the cause and that the weight of Affairs of State were too burdensome in that feeble condition This exchange of Government under the names of two different Kings was attended with all the State and solemn attendance that was required the persons present were the Vice-King the Judges of the Bench all the Officers Ecclesiastical and Civil Don Jeronimo de Loaysa Arch-Bishop of Los Reyes all the Friers of the several Convents then in that City which were four namely that of our Lady of the Merceds St. Francis St. Dominick and St. Augustine The Ceremony in the Parade and Streets being over they went to the Cathedral Church where the Arch-bishop in his Pontifical Habit celebrated High Mass. The same passed in all the other Cities of that Empire every one shewing the great satisfaction and contentment he received on occasion of that Solemnity which was celebrated with the Feast of Bulls and throwing darts and endeavouring to out-vie each other in Gallantry and richness of their Liveries which is still the common vanity of that Country The Vice-King Don Andres Hurtado de Mendoça having taken possession of the Government dispatched new Officers and Governours to the several Jurisdictions of Peru Amongst which a certain Lawyer a Native of Cuenca called Baptisto Munnoz whom the Vice-King brought with him was sent to Cozco Altamirano one of his Majesties Justices who had refused to follow his Majesties Army and Standard into the Field was made Governour of the City of Plate others were dispeeded with Commissions to the Cities of Huamanca Arequepa and de la Paz where many things passed of great importance We shall give an account of some of them in the following Chapter CHAP. V. The Orders which the Vice-King issued forth to prevent Mutlnies and Insurrections Thomas Vazquez Piedrahita and Alonso Diaz are put to death for having been engaged in the Rebellion of Hernandez Giron PAlentino in the second Chapter of his third part saith that so soon as the Vice-King entered into the City of Los Reyes that he set Guards and Centinels on all the ways leading to the several Cities of the Empire with orders to examine carefully all passengers as well Indians and Spaniards and to take from them what Papers and Letters they carried with them so as to discover what Plots and Conspiracies were then contriving against the Government All which are the words of this Author as is that also which follows the truth of which I can my self avouch having been an eye witness of many passages thereof The Vice-King gave Order that no Spaniard whatsoever should travel without a particular License or Pass under the hand of some Justice of the Peace belonging to the parts where he lived in which Pass or License the reasons were to be specifyed and the Business or Occasions which caused the Party to travel And particularly care was taken that no Spaniard upon pretence of coming to the City to any Festival should be permitted to pass Tho' for the present this Order had little effect in regard that before it could be published multitudes of People had crouded to the City to partake in the common joy which was evidenced at the reception of this Vice-King He commanded that all the Cannon and Arms found in the City should be taken up and conserved in a common Magazine all which was ordered to prevent Conspiracies and disturbances which had been caused by former Rebellions but the Country had been so lately wearied and harassed by Civil Wars that there was no thoughts amongst the people tending to a ruine from whence they had so newly escaped And now let us leave the Vice-King for a time to discourse of the Governours which he had sent to Cozco and to the Charcas The Lawyer Munnoz approaching to the City of Cozco with Commission of Governour was met and received by my Father Garçilasso who so soon as he was entered within the Priviledges and Jurisdiction of the City delivered the White Rod of Justice into his hand which when he had received the first question he made him was how much the Fee was for setting his Hand or Firm to any Writing To which he made answer that he knew not having never demanded such a Fee or Duty No said the Lawyer that is strange for Justices ought not to lose their right of what nature so ever tho' never so inconsiderable The standers by wondred much at this Dialogue to which some made answer that 't was not strange for men who came from Spain with no other intent than to gain what they could with a good Conscence to know the utmost value of their Office above the Income of their Salary So soon as the Governour had received the Rod of his Authority and made his Pursuivants he employed two of them upon a Service without the City one he sent to apprehend Thomas Vazquez and the other Piedrahita both which in 5 or 6 days being brought Prisoners to Cozco were committed to the publick Prison Their Friends and Relations offered to give bayl for them and to bind themselves in considerable Bonds for their good behaviour and that they should not go forth beyond the Precincts of the City supposing that the seizure made of their Persons was to the end that they might be consined within the Walls of the City and not permitted to ramble abroad in the Countries amongst their Indians and other People My Father offered to become Bayl for one of them but he was answered that the Commission and instructions which this Governour brought was much different to what they imagined for had their consinement to the City been only designed there would not have needed all the formality used in sending for them by Officers and committing them to Prison The truth is the issue was according to what Francisco Hernandez had formerly presaged and as we have before intimated for the next morning they were found dead in the Prison having been there strangled notwithstanding their Pardons which they had sued forth from the Royal Court of Chancery Their Plantations and Lordships over Indians were all confiscated That belonging to Thomas Vazquez which was one of the best Mannors or Lordships near the City was conferred by the Vice-King on Rodrigo d' Esqueval a Native of Seville who had some small Estate but with this addition he was made great and considerable In like manner the Estate of Piedrahita was disposed and forfeited as was that of Alonso Diaz whom they likewise put to death besides which Executions there were no
ever since 1553 when the Indians began first to rebel been constantly carried on without Truce or Intermission during all that time as we have intimated before in several Places Whilst this Governour employed himself in the exercises of War he went one day according to his usual custom to visit the several Forts which were raised on the Frontiers to curb the Enemy and keep them from making incursions and depredations on those Indians who had submitted and were become Servants to the Spaniards And having supplyed all those Garrisons with Ammuntion and Provisions he returned to those Cities within the Kingdom which were setled and in peace And being without the Limits of the Enemies quarters as indeed he was and as he believed out of danger he dismissed 200 of his Souldiers which were then of his Guard and dispeeded them away to their respective quarters Leaving himself only with about thirty Companions amongst which were several Captains and old veterane Souldiers who had served many years in the Wars And being come into a very pleasant Plain they pitched their Tents intending to repose and solace themselves that Night and several Nights afterwards that they might recover the Sleep they had lost by their continual watchings for whilst they were on the Frontiers taking care to secure the Garrisons they were so continually allarm'd by the Enemy that they had not time to Rest Eat or Sleep The Araucos and Indians of other Provinces Neighbouring on these who had rebelled sent their Spies by Night to discover the condition of the Spaniards and finding them without Centinels and in all security fast asleep and as safe as their Enemies could desire they whistled to each other with Bird-Calls and gave notice by such kind of barking and howlings which Giacalls or Wolves use in the Night which were the signals agreed upon amongst them At these noises great numbers of Indians came flocking together and with all the silence possible went softly to the Spaniards Tents where finding them asleep and in their Shirts in Bed they cut the Throats of every one of them and carrying away with them their Horses Arms and all the Spoyl which belonged to the Spaniards This was the end of the Governour Martin Garcia Loyola which was much lamented over all the Kingdom of Chile and Peru but as often as that Discourse was moved either amongst Indians or Spaniards it was confessed that Providence had so ordered those matters that the death of the late Inca should in this manner be revenged on the Spaniards by the Hands of his own Vassals And herein it was more plainly evidenced by an Infatuation which possessed the Minds of such Captains and Veterane Souldiers practised in the Wars of that Country who knowing that they were near an Enemy incensed and enraged against them and thirsting after the Blood of the Spaniards should yet with so much security compose themselves to a sleep from which they did never afterwards awake This Governour Martin Garcia Loyola left one Daughter which he had by his Wife the Infanta Daughter of the Prince Don Diego Sayri Tupac the which Daughter was transported into Spain and there married to a Gentleman of Quality called Don John Enriquez de Boria His Catholick Majesty besides the Estate which the inherited from her Father in Peru was pleased as they wrote to me from the Court to confer upon her the Title of Marquess de Oropesa which is a Colony founded by the Vice-King Don Francisco de Toledo in Peru and called Oropesa by him in memory of his Ancestors which he desired might be continued in the new World besides which Title and Favour I am informed that a Consultation hath been held amongst the Illustrious Presidents and Lords of the Royal Council of Castile and the Indies at which also his Majesties Confessour was present with two other Advocates belonging to the Council of the Indies to consider what farther Gratifications could be made in reward of the many Services which her Father had done according to his Duty towards his Majesty and as a Compensation for her Patrimonial Inheritance Towards which as I am informed the Relation I have given in the first part of these Commentaries hath in some manner contributed Which if so I shall esteem my self sufficiently rewarded for the labour and pains I have taken to write this History though no other benefit or satisfaction accrues thereby unto my self CHAP. XXI The Conclusion of this Eighth Book and last of this History HAving in the beginning of this History shewed the Original of the Incas who were Kings of Peru and described their Increase and Conquests and all their generous Exploits together with the manner of their Government both in War and Peace and thereunto added their Religion and ldolatry practised in the times of their Gentilisme All which by the Divine favour and assistance we have largely handled in the first part these Commentaries by which I have complyed with the duty I owe to my Country and Kindred by my Mothers side In this second part we have at large related all those brave Acts and gallant Exploits performed by the Spaniards in the Conquest of this rich Empire in which I have complied tho' not fully with the Duty and Obligation I owe to my Father and to his Illustrious and Generous Companions So that now it may be time to conclude this Work and put an end to this Labour with the ultimate Reign and Succession of the Incas who with that unhappy Huascar were 13 in number who possessed the Throne of that Empire until the Invasion of the Spaniards But as to the other five which succeeded afterwards that is Manco Inca and his two Sons Don Diego and Don Philippe and his two Nephews we do not insert them in the Line of Kings for tho' they had a right to the Inheritance yet they never had possession of the Government but if we should reckon them in that number we might then account 18 who descended by the direct Male-line from the first Inca Manco Capac to the last of those Children whose Names I do not know The Indians do not reckon Atahualpa in the number of their Kings being as they call him an Auca that is a Traytor Tho' in the last Chapter of the first Part of these Commentaries we have given an account of all the Sons which in an oblique Line descended from the several Kings of which as we have there affirmed a true and an authentick List was sent me with Power and Authority directed to Don Melchior Carlos Don Alonso de Mesa and my self that we jointly or any one of us should lay it before his Catholick Majesty and before his Supream and Royal Council of the Indies to the intent and purpose that they might be freed from those Taxes and Impositions which they sustained Which Papers and Memorials as they came directed unto me I dispatched to the said Don Melchior Carlos and Don Alonso de Mesa But the said Don Melchior having Pretensions of his own would not weaken his own Interest by giving Countenance to their demands nor would he present their Papers that it might not be known thereby how many of the Royal Line were still surviving fearing lest his Interest should be divided and the benefit which he expected to himself alone might be imparted unto them all together So at the Conclusion of all he neither did good to them nor to himself I have thought fit for my own Discharge to give a Narrative hereof that my Relations of those parts may not accuse me either of unkindness or negligence in not performing what they have desired of me and entrusted me in I should have been very glad if I could have performed this Service for them with the hazard of my Life but it was impossible for me to have done any thing in this matter not being able to contribute more thereunto than only by writing this History in which I hope I have as well done Justice and Right to the Spaniards who have Conquered this Empire as to the Incas who were tho true Lords and Possessors of it To the Divine Majesty Father Son and Holy Ghost three Persons and one true God be Praise for Ever and Ever who have been pleased to grant me Grace and assistance to arrive at the Ultimate End and Conclusion of this History May it be to the Honour and Glory of his Divine Name By whose infinite mercy through the Blood and Merits of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ and by the Intercession of the ever Blessed Virgin Mary and of all the Court of Heaven I beg Favour and Protection now and in the Hour of Death Amen sweet Jesus a hundred thousand times Jesus Amen Praised be God. FINIS The Indians have no Beards * Or Columbus * A sort of Fish. * Thunder Lightning Thunderbolt * ✚ * Perhaps it may be a sort of Housleek * A Name of one of their Gods. * A sort of Bird in that Countrey * A Game at Cards * What the Knots were is before mentioned * A double Pistol or 36 shillings English The Authour * Thirty six Maravedis make six pence * About ten pence This Story is very questionable for it is known that under the Equinoctial the Sap of the Vine can never fall and consequently no Fruit be produced Thirty six Maravedis make six pence Every Peso of Gold is about sixteen Ryals Plate which is nine shillings English * In Peru for want of Bergandines or Head-pieces they wore a sort of Armour for their Face like a cross Bar. 65 Ryalls plate to every Marco Tirar cannos is a sport in Spain much used on Horseback and which the Spaniards learned from the Moors used also by the Turks * To which the Bridge of Osiers was fastned * A Sport used in Spain