MONRO HIS EXPEDITION VVITH THE VVORTHY SCOTS REGIMENT CALLED Mac-Keyes Regiment levied in August 1626. by S r. Donald Mac-Key Lord Rhees Colonell for his Majesties service of Denmark and reduced after the Battaile of Nerling to one Company in September 1634. at Wormes in the Paliz Discharged in severall Duties and Observations of service first under the magnanimous King of Denmark during his warres against the Emperour afterward under the Invincible King of Sweden during his Majesties life time and since under the Directour Generall the Rex-chancellor Oxensterne and his Generalls Collected and gathered together at spare-houres by Colonell ROBERT MONRO at first Lievetenant under the said Regiment to the Noble and worthy Captaine THOMAS MAC-KENYEE of Kildon Brother to the noble Lord the Lord Earle of Seafort for the use of all worthie Cavaliers favouring the laudable profession of Armes To which is annexed the Abridgement of Exercise and divers practicall Observations for the younger Officer his Consideration ending with the Souldiers Meditations going on service LONDON Printed by William Iones in Red-Crosse streete 1637. COLONELL MONRO TO HIS HIGHNESSE THE PRINCE ELECTOR PALATINE OF RHINE wisheth health and happinesse AFTER seven yeares March in the warres of Germany with one Regiment it being rent in the battell of Nerlin at last I retired unto Britaine to levie againe for the further advancement of the good cause and being at the Court of England attending imployment to expresse my love and most humble respects unto your Highnesse having bin an eye-witnesse the accidents most remarkable which occurred in Germany during those seven yeares warres though a rude and ignorant Souldier I was bold to set pen to paper to discharge a long seven yeares troublesome Expedition in short Duties and Observations of service cōtaining a true simple narration of the principall occurrences which happened in the course of this warre without omitting one dayes March in three yeares under the Magnanimous King of Denmarke nor thereafter in foure yeares March with the Royall Army under the fortunate conduct of his Maiesty of Sweden of never dying memory Being induced thereto chiefely to testifie my humble respects unto your Highnesse to whom I have ever vowed my best endeavours of service next to expresse my love and thankfulnesse to my country and to my deere Camerades Britaines Dutch and Swedens companions not of wants but of valour eternizing their memory who after death like Phoebean Champions ride triumphing in spite of envy being praised by their enemies for having valorously resisted their assaults till they died standing serving the publique through their great love to your Highnesse Royall Mother the Queene of Bohemia your Highnesse selfe and the remnant of the Royall Issue Hoping therefore for their sakes departed of worthy memory my paines may be acceptable unto your Highnesse for their sakes alive that long for a new Leader I have beene bold to send unto your Highnesse at this time worthy Counsellours whose counsell your Highnesse may be bold to follow and their vertues being most Heroicke and examplary may be imitated by your Highnesse in going before us as our new Master Captaine and Leader being descended of the valiant Bruce and of the first King of the Stewarts through your Highnesse Royall Mother Elizabeth Queene of Bohemia Iewell of her sex and the most resplendent in brightnesse of minde for a woman that the earth doth afford That great Monarch Alexander the great shewed his humanitie in the wants of old age to a poore and decrepite Souldier being weary with great travell in the way lent him his own chaire for to warme him by the fire and being upon his death-bed for all the pangs and paines of Death he disdained not to shake hands with the meanest and poorest of all his Souldiers So Mighty and Illustrious Prince I though a poore Souldier doe Dedicate unto your Highnesse these my dutifull Observations and Expeditions Your Highnesse being eminent as your dignity high hath made me presume on your Highnesse goodnesse which I know is full of pardons for those that reverence your Highnesse person as I doe That I have prefixed your Highnesse name was my duty as to my Patron Superiour to whom I am ever most bound especially in discharging of this my duty Neither doe I pay this tribute unto your Highnesse as to adde any thing unto your Highnesse knowledge being already inriched with notable vertues but rather to expresse my love and dearest respect in all humility to him whom I have vowed to follow if my breath may last so long till your Highnesse enemies be overcome Daigne therefore Noble and Illustrious Sir to let passe this my tedious expedition and shallow observations under the name of your Highnesse Patronage to whom I wish the Roman Empire for a possession as it was extended of old from the River Euphrates at the East to the Ocean Sea at the VVest the fertillest part of Asrica at the South and the Rhine and the Danube at the North which to possesse come Noble Sir unto the field and fight before us Britaines Irish and Dutch who long to see your Highnesse to fight with good lucke and victory with strength and power with wisdome and understanding c. against your Highnesse enemies till your Highnesse Royall Mothers Throne be established after her sacred Majesty in your Highnesse Person Vouchsafe then Noble Sir of your gracious generosity favourably to accept of my well wishing and of these my Observations and esteeme the Author thereof to be for ever Your Highnesse most humble and obedient serviture ROBERT MONRO TO THE READER NOble worthy courteous and loving Reader if I could perswade thee to beleeve what profit the diligent and serious Souldier doth reape by reading and what advantage he gaineth above him who thinketh to become a perfect Souldier by a few yeares practise without reading Truely thou wouldest use thy earnest diligence as well in the one as in the other for I dare be bold to affirme that reading and discourse doth as much or rather more to the furtherance of a perfect Souldier than a few yeares practise without reading For out of my owne experience in my profession having seene as many rare occurrences and accidents of warre by practise as hath not been seene the like in many yeares before which shall appeare evidently by the subsequent Observations of one Regiments service Neverthelesse I must confesse that reading and discourse of warres inable the minde more with perfect knowledge than the bare practise of a few yeares Therefore what these yeares past I have collected by the one and the other following the laudable profession of Armes under the mightie and potent King of Denmarke the space of three yeares and since under his Majestie of worthy memory the Invincible King of Sweden his Crowne and Confederats in foure yeares gathered together for the good profit and furtherance of thee and my Country whereby I hope the noble and worthy minded Reader shall be
shot over doing us no great hurt in the end our Cannon leaving shooting his Majestie sent orders to set a partie of two hundred Musketiers a-shoare we that were Officers met together in the Admirall shippe and agreed to command out the partie and having cast Lots it fell on the Dutch they suspecting the danger delayed deâ—iring the rest to command out alike which we refused seeing the Lot had falne upon them except his Majestie would give a second command for it thus contesting we goe together towards his Majestie to know his Majesties further resolution and we shew his Majestie of the Dutches delay on whom the Lot had falne his Majestie considering better resolved the partie should be commanded proportionally of all Nations alike and to cast Lots who should send a Captaine to command them the lot falling upon the English they command a Lievetenant that supplied the place of his Captaine in his absence the partie made ready were sent from his Majesties Ship ashoare being twelve Musketiers in every Boate with their Muskets in readinesse the enemy perceiving them coming gives a Salve of a thousand shot amongst them twice before their landing so that the halfe of them were killed yet the Lievetenant valourously led on the rest and begins the fight ashoare and continues the skirmish hot on both sides for one halfe houre till the most part of our partie were killed their powder spent and perceiving no reliefe was to come his Majestie having considered the danger the reliefe though in readinesse was stayd The Lievetenant being the last man retired with credit being thrice shot did come off and died the next night A Sergeant of Captaine Mac-Kenyee his Compaâ—y called Mac-Clawde an old expert Souldier and a diligent sonne to Neale Mac-Clawde was killed and twenty-two Souldiers of the thirtie that I commanded out of our Regiment the rest being wounded for fault of Boates came swimming in their cloathes to his Majesties Ship and were taken in The partie thus lost the enemy begunne to thunder amongst our Fleete with two halfe Cartowes and six Sling-pieces where leaving our Anchors he was thought the best Master that had his Ship first under saile His Majesties Ship being the last was twice shot through and two Constables were shot in two in the waste Thus forced to retire with great losse we hold on our course towards the Isle of Feamer againe The thirteenth Observation IN time of this hot service no man could perceive any alteration in the majestie of this King his Royall face but rather seemed notwithstanding of his losse as it were triumphing over his enemies and comforting others most graciously said We ought not to be astonished when things happeâ— unto us beyond our expectation and that which was more esteemed as a God amongst the Pagans was extraordinarily changeable sometimes taking part with one and sometimes with another In a word this Magnanimous King did abate nothing of his former courage or of his gravitie So that his very enemies if they had seene him at so neere a distance as I did they could not but have humbly reverenced his Majestie for his magnificke stature higher than any ordinary man by the head yet ashamed he was to stoope for a Cannon Bullet when they flew thickest And for the accomplishment of his vertues Nature hath given him an extraordinary rich Presence to wit a face as manly as possible may be seene worthy of a great King wâ—ll mixt in complexion his eyes flaming and shining full of courage his beard browne his nose Aquiline or Emperiall his voice manly winning the hearts of those that see or heare him in effect A Royall King full of assurance without any feare at all in respect of man yet full of Majestie amiable to his friends and terrible to his enemies Here then we may see that it is the LORD that Guards and keepes Kings and Princes from imminent dangers that environ them whereof Histories both ancient and moderne are full of examples of the miraculous deliverance of great personages from dangers One notable Story I will bring to confirme this divine protection in saving Titus sonne to Vespasian appointed for the ruining of Ierusalem to subdue and punish the Iewes Flavius Ioseph in his sixt booke and second Chapter of the Warres of the Iewes records of him that before the siege was layd to the Towne of minde to recognize he fell unawares amongst an Ambushcade of his enemies where then it was knowne as much as ever that it is the LORD who disposeth of the moments of warre and of the life of Kings for though Titus had no head-piece nor Corslet on his backe having not gone to fight but to recognize of an infinite number of shot shot at him none touched him though many were shot behind him those darts shot aside at him he rebated them with his sword and those shot low he made his horse skip to eschew them The Iewes perceiving his resolution made great noise exhorting one another to runne at him and to follow him where ever he went A rare example of a rare deliverance where we see that he is well guarded whom the Lord keepes Here also we may see what difference there is betwixt Commanders he in Feamer shewed himselfe no Souldier neither yet the Captaine in Aickleford but this brave fellow that commanded in Keele preserved himselfe and others and that with credit where we see that where wisedome and valour doe meet oft-times the successe is answerable and a mans discretion is seene when he abides a fit occasion as this brave fellow did where I finde alwayes that those are the best Commanders that are resolute and remisse not hunting before he sees his prey and then with advantage if he would catch Here also experience deare bought did teach us that it is better in commanding men on exployts to command them proportionally out of divers Regiments than to command them all out of one which were to undoe a Regiment and we see often that the examples of the noble carriage of Officers doe much animate and encourage their followers to well-doing and it is a comely thing for the servant of the publique to teach by example which makes his fame live after death as this worthy English Cavalier did especially being in the publique view of the King his Master hiâ— Camerades and his enemies carrying their Characters from service as the marks of his valour without fainting though wounded to death Here also our Scottish High-land-men are prayse-worthy who for lacke of Boats made use of their vertue and courage in swimming the Seas notwithstanding of their wounds with their cloathes shewing their Masters they were not the first came off but with the last following the example of their Leader they would not stay to be Prisoners as many doe at such times and never returne I did also observe after this dayes service an alteration in the common Souldiers behaviour while as before we were to send out a partie
undoe our selves with wanting of it Neither can we so slenderly forget their memory being our noble friends and who were ornaments to our Regiment and Country and helpers of our credits Shall we not then be sorrowfull for their losses that lost themselves to make us renowned in their deaths and while they lived were our most faithfull and loving Camerades even unto their last breath But since they are gone before us to take in quarters in heaven following their great Captaine who hath made the way open for them being stricken as Iob saith by the hand of the Lord and yet placed at his right hand shall we be sorry for them No we will rather rejoyce and thinke we must follow them when we have fought that good fight against our enemies we shall be crowned with them in glory and rejoyce following the Lambe where ever he goeth and till then his right hand will sustaine us as before for he is our helper and hath sworne by his right hand and the Arme of his strength that he will not forsake us till we rest with him in glory Here also we see that his Majestie having trusted our Nation more than his owne or the Dutch he doth leave them ingaged with the enemy till his Majesties retreate were made sure both first and last Where we see that friendship and true service is best tryed in extremitie for no greater testimony can be given of true service than when the servant doth endanger his own life and honour for the reliefe of his Master as that young Cavalier Captaine Mac-Kenyee did here being a generous act for the safetie of a King which ought to be recorded to vindicate his honour from oblivion whose memory merits to be rewarded that others might imitate his noble example Here also we see that sufferance in a noble manner causeth love for that young Cavalier Henry Lindesey then an Ensigne not able to helpe himselfe his Camerades loving him dearely and the more for his noble sufferance they helpt him off from the crueltie of his enemies to preserve his life for a better occasion who by Gods providence was miraculously healed having lost a great part of his shoulder a wonder in an age such wounds to be cured The twenty-one Dutie discharged at Copemanhagen where the Regiment was completed againe with the Recreut AS all things are preserved by a glorious order so his Majestie after his retreate beginneth againe to make up the body of an Armie to be setled all Winter in quarters within Denmark that against the Spring he might either beate the enemy out of Holsten or otherwise with his sword in his hand make an honourable peace after which resolution taken there was order sent to my Colonell to bring his Regiment to the fields and to reforme the weake Companies that have no Recreut brought over and to strengthen the rest of the Companies till the Regiment was made complete Sir Patrick Mac-Gey having stayd in Scotland his Company was cashier'd and Captaine Annans also in place whereof the Colonell did get from his Majestie two Companies that were sent over by Colonell Sinclaire viz. Captaine George Stewart and Captaine Francis Trafford which were both joyned to the Regiment The Lord of Fowles having leavied a Company in Scotland joyned also to the Regiment Iohn Sinclaire was made Captaine Lievetenant to the Colonels Company Lievetenant Stewart being married having stayd in Scotland with his wife his place was given to Eye Mac-Key and William Brumfield was made Ensigne to Captaine Mac-Kenyee The Lievetenant Colonell having quit the Regiment I succeeded to his place and his Lievetenant Andrew Stewart the Earle of Traquairs brother succeeded Captaine to the Company Ensigne Seaton being made Lievetenant the Captaines brother William Stewart was made Ensigne Tullough his Company was recreâ—ted and was full by his old Officers Beaton and Iohnson Iohn Monro his Company being recreuted long David Monro was made Lievetenant and long William Stewart Ensigne Captaine Monro of Obstell his Company being complete William Carre was made Lievetenant and Hector Monro Ensigne The Regiment thus complete was mustred and received a moneths meanes together with a reckoning of their by-past rests with an assignation on his Majestie of great Britaine for the payment of the moneys The Regiment thus contented the Colonell Captaine Monro of Obstell and Captaine Mac-Key returning for Britaine the Regiment being left under my command was directed to winter Garrisons as followeth The Colonels Company commanded by Iohn Sinclaire as Captaine Iohn Ennis Lievetenant and William Mac-Kenyee Ensigne were quartered in Langland Captaine Monro of Fowles his company was sent to lie in Feamer Andrew Monro being his Lievetenant and Iohn Rhode Ensigne Captaine Monro of Obstell his company was quartered there also and the foresaid Officers Captaine Iohn Monro his company and his Officers were also quartered there Captaine Forbesse of Tullough his company and Officers were quartered in Malline in Skoneland Captaine Mac-Kenyee his company and Officers foresaid were quartered with me in Malline in Skoneland Captaine George Stewart Robert Hâ—ine Lievetenant and Iohn Sanders Ensigne were quartered in Alzenburgh Captaine Francis Trafford his company being Welsh with his Officers were quartered in a Dorpe in Skoneland Captaine Andrew Stewart his company and Officers were quartered in London in Skoneland My company which was Lermonds with the Officers did lie in Garrison in Luckstad in Holsten The Officers that were reformed went to seeke their employments viz. Captaine Sanders Hay went to Sweden and was made Major to Sir Patricke Ruthven in Spruce Patricke Dumbarre was made Captaine to a Company of Danes Souldiers There happened also a mis-fortune this Winter in Feamer where Lievetenant Andrew Monro a valourous young Gentleman was killed in Combate by a Dutch called Ranso and Lievetenant William Mac-Key succeeded in his place being made Lievetenant to Fowles when William Gunne was preferred by me as Ensigne to the Colonells Company the rest of the Garrisons lay in quiet all Winter during which time his Majesties Commissioners lay at Lubeck treating for a peace with the Emperour The twenty-one Observation IN the Firmament we see all things are preserved by a glorious order the Sunne hath his appointed circuite the Moone her constant change and every planet and Starre their proper course and place the Earth also hath her unstirred stations the Sea is confined in limits and in his ebbing and flowing dances as it were after the influence and aspect of the Moone whereby it is kept from putrefaction and by strugling with it selfe from over flowing the land So that in this world order is the life of Kingdoms Honours Artes for by the excellency of it all things florish and thrive and therefore we see that this order is requisite to be observed in nothing more than in military discipline being the life of it Regiments then maintained in good order the Army can be but well ordered and the Army well ordered the King and country cannot but stand
Iohn Hepburne to accompany me towaâ—ds his Majesty to assist me his Majesty asked whether I had placed the Captaine or not I answered that finding it prejudiciall to his Majesties service I had resolved to acquâ—int his Majesty first therewith seeing the Cavaliere though otherwise sufficient hee lacked Language to command the Company being Dutch his Mâ—jâ—sty replyed hee would soone learne so much Dutch as to coÌ„mand a Company and thus sayd his Majesty asked on whom would I bestow the Company I answered to a Cavaliere that deserved well of his Majesty called David Monro then my Lieutenant his Majesty turning to Generall Banniere replyed disdainfully what â—hall I thinke Hee would place his own Cozen and not obey my Orders whereupon I returned to place Captaine Dumaine in obedience to his Majesties will for that time Major Iohn Monro gone for Britaine with his Colonell disposed his Company to his Lieutenant William Stewart who was younger Lieutenant then David Monro yet once comming before him hee was still elder Captaine and conâ—equently neerest preferment under that Regiment through this change onely Likewise by the death of Major Synnot at Statin Captaine Iohn Sinclaire being a worthy Cavaliere was preferred to bee Sergeant Major and Synnâ—â—s Company was put by the Lieutenant and disposed to Captaine Sempleâ— In like manner Lieutenant Pringle dying at Statin Henry Lindeseâ— was advanced to be his brothers Lieutenant During this Harvest 1630. the Pest raged so at Statin that divers brave Souldiers of the Regiment were buried there Neverthelesse a great deale fewer dyed of them then either of Dutch or Swedens which was seene on our march towards Brandenburg being stronger then other Regiments that at their landing were twice stronger then wee for no extremity of Hunger Pestilence or Sword could ever make one of them runne away from their Colours The Colonell being gone for Leavies ingaged my brother Obstell to bring over a Regiment of Foot for his Majesties service Major Iohn Monro being preferred to bee his Lieutenant-Colonell and Captaine Ennis his Major being gone for Scotland after the in-taking of Brandenburg The Colonell gave another Commission for a Regiment of English to Sir Thomas Conoway to whom Captaine George Stewart a brave and a valorous Gentleman was preferred to bee Lieutenant-Colonell and Captaine Mon-gorge Major but the misfortune happened that in their over-going both the Colonell and Lieutenant-Colonell were cast away being drowned on the Coast of Denmark and afterwards the Regiment having lost three Companies by Sea the overplus were commanded for a time by the Major which afterwards were disposed by his Majesty to Sir Iohn Cassels to bee made up againe to a Regiment At this time Colonell Lumsdell having brought over also a Regiment of Scots Captaine Robert Stewart came over his Lieutenant Colonell having served at first as Ensigne and Lieutenant to Captaine Mackenyee under this Regiment and there after came againe unto Spruce Captaine under Sir Iohn Hamiltons Regiment in May 1629. And was preferred after the In-taking of Virtzberg having beene before at the Battaile of Lipsigh during this time wee lay at Statin his Mâ—jâ—â—ty did take in both Garts and Griffen hagan and after retyring to Statin did prepare for his march towards new Brandenburg The third Observation AS Vicissitude maintaines the world so all temporall things here below are subjâ—ct to Changes and alterations for the world it selfe was never wholly under one long and in Commandment changes are most frequent being caused through the manifold accidents occuring in Warres as by the frequency of our mortalities in the profession of Armes And also by the severall intentions of men according to their capacities and severall wits which tend some times to good sometimes to evill and oft to nothing or to worse Likewise by example here wee see inferiours must yeeld to their betters in some things though without reason giving way to Princes that are absolute Yet it is the duty of the inferiour to maintaine his Right lest he should be thought too simple in over-passing it For though perhaps at first wee bee not heard yet it may happen that afterwards we be not incroached upon more in that kinde For as a Generall commands his Armie so should a Colonell command his Regiment that hee may advance the vertuous according to merit and good deserving more then by favour If hee would be well esteemed of hee ought to have the understanding to preferre for reward the respective and the obedient and to hold backe onely those who doe not well understand either themselves or others Here also we â—ee that sometimes it is easier speaking with Kings by their inferiours then to proud Generals that although they beare the title lacke the discretion that should â—eason their Commands For wee find oft times many of them doe command more through absolute authority then through either love respect or reason to their Inferiours and for my part I had rather follow with little meâ—â—es a Commander who would respect me in reason for his love then to follow a proud Generall for greedinesse of meanes that taking the snuffe in his nose would affront me without reason such Generals I did never follow neither will follow though I should quit the wars for my owne contentment Wee see oft times that the faults of the Inferiours are laid on the shoulders of their Colonels which should make Superiours to make the better choice of their Officers especially in eschewing those as pestiferous who are inclined to factions or given to sow sedition amongst Camerades such are circumspectly to be avoided by the sound judgement of the Colonell desirous to live in peace with those who ought to be his friends that hee may be the more able to offend his Enemies When both love and feare are in the hearts of the inferiours then the Command is not burthensome nor the obedience slâ—vish for sometimes as good obeyeth as hee that commandeth the Title onely with the authority being laid aside Sundry Cavalieres that carried charge under this Regiment in Denmarke wee see in the beginning of this new Warre for having attained to a little experience under this Regiment they are now like the Eagles birds that how soone they can but flee they take Command on themselves and that most worthily knowing that it is ambition grounded upon vertue makes the meanest Souldier mount from the lowest centrie to the top of honour to bee a Generall as some of our worthy Countrimen have done under the Crowne of Sweden to their eternall glory To conclude this Observation as I begun seeing all things here are but humaine unstable and but waves and tossing wherein there is nothing sure but that which is tyed to the Anchor of true Pietie fot our very life brings many things with it contrary to our expectation Therefore wee ought not to aske when or where but we should be ever mindfull how wee are prepared for they live ill that thinke they shall live ever Men will command and
behave themselves valiantly for a time as I did heare his Majestie of Sweden give testimony of their valour alleaging if the Emperours Horsemen had behaved themselves like the foote his Majestie had not returned victorious for Sparre intending to have broken through his Majesties Horses the Crabats having runne away the rest of the Emperiall horsemen were overcome and then most part of their foote were cut downe Generall Major Sparre was taken prisoner with Gordoâ— and Lesly and were brought all three unto Nurenberg with three Cornets In obtaining this victory Colonell Ree was kill'd his Majestie after his death being forced to light from his Horse and command the Musketiers having skirmished well for an houre on both sides the praise whereof his Majestie did give to the Scots Cavalâ—ers that commanded the Emperialists to whom he promised before they were taken within-three dayes to let them loose againe Ransome-free Neverthelesse they were kept for five weekes with us their Country-men where we made merry as friends Here also in this Conflict was killed his Majesties Camerjounker called Boyen and an other Chamberman called Cratzistene that attended his Majestie About the ninth of August the Emperialists catched a great number of our Horses at forrage and waited on us so well that there was no more hopes to bring forrage unto the Leaguer so that many of our Horsemâ—â— for want of Horses were put to their feete till our succours were come unto us The thirty-fift Observation HEre we have two mightie Armies waiting to take advantages one of another being resolved for to gaine credit to endure all toyle and misery and they contemned all hazard and danger to winne glory to themselves being armed with courage and military vertue contemning spoyle and riches leaning to their vertue they delight in the warre being taught by discipline heartily to embrace povertie for their Mistresse and here the Souldier wearied is content to make the ground his bed to lie on as also making the first morsell that chances to his hand to satisfie his appetite and in stead of sleeping out the whole night he is contented with a nod nothing seeming impossible or impregnable unto his couragious and resolute minde glorying more in his contented povertie than others doe in their greatest riches for he thinkes he hath not to doe with gold being able to command his owne desires as the bravest Leaders and most valiant Captaines of Armies have ever made greater esteeme of honour and renowne than deceivable riches or of the spoyle of their enemies reserving glory and honour unto themselves they allowed the spoyle for the common Souldier hunting after an immortall name to leave behinde them after death rather than with the spoyle of others to be thought rich robbing themselves of a good name and their soule and conscience of eternall rest We see then that it is much better to contest with honest men for vertue and a good name than with the avaritious or niggard that hath come to an estate with the spoyle of his enemies or perhaps with the spoyle of his friends or worst of all by detaining their meanes from them who did serve valiantly for it with the losse of their bloud Such Conquests unlawfully made by some Officers are rather to be pittied than envied and I am of the minde he hath provided well for his wife children and friends that leaves an immortall name behinde him for himselfe and his after death rather than to leave them rich in the Devills name by unlawfull Conquest His Majestie of Sweden having had here but a weake Armie though expert in military vertue he resolved to weary the enemy having a strong and mightie Armie to be entertained with all sort of provision which must needs be brought from a farre out of Bavaria upon the Axell or Waggons being a labour of infinit paine and toyle to transport entertainment for fiftie thousand men daily and Corne for Horses such a farre way and having appointed their Magazin-house in the upper Paltz to weary them the sooner his Majestie very wisely as we see plotted the ruine of it to be effectuated by Colonell Dowbattle being knowne for a Cavalier of much worth that formerly had done his Majestie divers notable good services as at this time which made his Majestie to be the more carefull of his safe retreate in comming himselfe with a partie betwixt the enemy and him to be his second being no small honour where in the first Rancounter Colonell Ree was killed and then a little Captaine of the Leeffe Regiment throwing off his Doublet did valourously command supplying the place of the Colonell till such time as his Majestie tooke notice of his noble carriage and then lighted from his Horse taking the Command to himselfe Neverthelesse at his Majesties returne to Quarters he did give his own Pourtraict with a gold chaine to the Captaine and advanced him to a Lievetenant Colonells place for reward of his vertuous carriage in â—ight of his Master Colonell Ree being kill'd I being then the eldest Lievetenant Colonell under his Majesties Armie of foote having served three yeares before as Lievetenant Coâ—onell I sought of his Majestie as my due according to the custome then used that I might be made Colonell to Rees Regiment which his Majestie confessed openly to have been my due Neverthelesse on other considerations shewed by his Majestie unto me I was contented to give way to his Majesties will whereupon his Majestie urged me to be Colonell to the Regiment I had commanded so long in absence of my Lord of Rhees seeing his Lordship had advertised his Majestie he was not to returne to his Charge As also he had sent his Warrant under his hand unto me to deale with his Majestie to get the Regiment being weake to be made up for my selfe but I being desirous to have commanded strangers the other Regiment being strong and ours very weake my intention was to have joyned them both in one seeing at that time his Majestie would not admit me to recrue the Regiment from Scotland but having given me Patent as Colonell his Majestie assigned a Muster-place for me in Schwabland from whence I was to receive moneys to strengthen my Regiment being then but seven Companies to twelve and before the next Summer I made them up to ten Companies His Majestie having the eighteenth of August 1632 placed me Colonell over the Regiment at which time Major Iohn Sinclaire was placed my Lievetenant Colonell and Captaine William Stewart was made Major The thirty-sixt Dutie discharged of the joyning of our Armie with the Succours and of our service at Nurenberg THE sixteenth of August the succours being come from Saxon Hessen and During brought up by the Rex-chancellor Oxensterne and Duke William of Wymar being come together at Ventzhame the eighteenth at Aiorach and Prugg and the twenty-one at Furt by foure of the Clocke in the morning they presented themselves in Battaile before Furt where did lie above a thousand Emperialists
annis sexcentis bisque tricenis Nomine sub MVNRO stemma decusque vigens Hic pietate gravis ac servantissimus aequi Castus intrepido pectore bella gerens Militis effraenis rabiem dum voce coercet Vnius ingrati fulmine tactus obît Lugent hunc Sueones Luget Geâ—manica tellus Herois fidi dedecorâ—â—â— nece Imprimis unâ genâ—it quam matre propago Nati nempe novem nata quaterna dolet Cùm quadragenis quatuor bene vixerat annis Vt vivat meliùs mors inopina dedit Vrbs Rheno incumbens Bacchi quae dicitur Aâ—a Dat requiem membris hoc decorata bono Spiritus aethereas Heroum scandit in oras Ac desiderium linquit in orbe sui IO. NARSSIVS M. D. Ann. 1633. MONRO HIS EXPEDITION AND OBSERVATIONS The first Dutie discharged in Holsten at Crempe THE old Proverb is A good beginning makes a good ending and to lead a good life is the way to a happie death Immediatly after our landing at Loughstad on the Elve by command of his Majestie of Denmarke we were quartered in the fat and fertile soyle of Holsten nothing inferiour in fertilitie to any part of Dutchland except in Wines having Corne in abundance to the increase Communibus Annis of the twentie eight Corne Wheat and Barly in milke nothing inferiour to Holland and for the most part inhabited by Hollanders especially the Cities This Soyle hath also abundance of fresh and salt-water fishes their Gentry live like Noble men and their Communaltie live like Gentlemen During our enquartring with them our entertainment was answerable to our charges where some Officers had allowance of a peece a day for keeping good Order Lievtenant Colonell Arthur Forbesse had the Command over the Regiment in the absence of the Colonell being hindred by sicknesse Shortly after our going over the Lievtenant Colonell departed this life being a Gentleman of much true worth and a valourous Commander much regrated by the whole Regiment Immediatly after his death Captaine Sanders Seaton was by his Majesties Patent made Lievtenant Colonell to the Regiment who did bring a strong Company of well exercised Souldiers which were joyned to strengthen the Regiment Captaine Iames Dumbarre who did get Lievtenant Colonell Forbesse his Company was placed Sergeant Major Captaine Sinclaire Captaine Boswell and Captaine Ennis Companies were reduced to strengthen the other Companies of the Regiment which being made complete were mustred cloathed and payd of their muster-moneth Who then would disdaine to follow warres might be thought unwise The Baron of Fowles comming over a voluntier was allowed a free Table to entertaine an Earle being ordinarily above sixteene persons at Table his Visitors horses and servants entertained accordingly The Regiment mustered received colours wherein his Majestie would have the Officers to carry the Danes crosse which the Officers refusing they were summoned to compeare before his Majestie at Raynesberge to know the reasons of their refusalls at the meeting none would adventure fearing his Majesties indignation to gainestand openly his Majesties will being then his Majesties sworne Servants and for the eschewing of greater inconvenience the Officers desired so much time of his maiestie as to send Captaine Robert Ennis into England to knowe his Majestie of Great Britaines will whether or no they might carrie without reproach the Danes Crosse in Scottish colours answere was returned they should obey their will under whose pay they were in a matter so indifferent During the tedious winter the Regiment was well exercised and put under good discipline as well the particular companies as the whole Regiment so that mine eyes did never see a more complete Regiment for bodies of men and valiant souldiers as shall be seene in the discharge of their dutiâ—s begun with the sheding of Duch-bloud A Duch captaine having out of a mad humour mutilated a souldier of my Captaines company of one finger The souldier complaining to me I made my Lievtenant-colonell acquainted with the manner who sent to the Captaine to know his reason The Captaine not repenting of the wrong done but rather bragging he would second the first with a greater he comming through my Quarters I being exercising the company the Sergeant overtakes him and almost kill'd him who made no defence neither pressed ever to be repaired of his wrongs This duty begun with the shedding of Duch-bloud by one of my name and kindred In the continuance of the storie you shall heare much bloud shed of all Nations in Europe and of ours not the least But of my freinds and myne too much The first Observation THE land of Holsten full of prosperitie at this time having all things in a golden swimme and waving carelesly in a swallowing plentie having her heart full of pleasures disdaining what was to come ruine seazed vpon this land within six months after our rising from quarters to our first expedition towards the Waser streame At our comming into the land the proudest sort of them disdained souldiers saying they had no neede of strangers they were sufficiently able themselves to hold out the Emperors forces their passes were strong their power in Armes were mightie of Horse and foote as any Province in Germanie notwithstanding whereof in a short time they felt the wrath of Heaven and were ruinated in the middest of their fortunes I wish my Country by a timely prevention to avoide the like by suspecting the smooth streame being ordinarily deepest lest they should become subject unto their enemies their land wasted with fire and sword their buildings and plantings destroyed their riches and Iewels made spoyle of their wives abused and their daughters deflowred themselves banished and their Religion persecuted in so much that their Pastors flying to the Altar for refuge were cruelly put to death Since therefore their enemies are our enemies we ought to beware We ought also not to deny our betters in things indifferent lest the askers love waxe drie and his revenge grow great for to a generous spirit as it is hard to begge so it is harsh to be denyed Our Officers refusing to carrie the the Danes Crosse in their colours disobliged his Majestie so â—â—rre by their denialls of a thing indifferent that after the death of our worth Lievtenâ—â—â— Colonell Arthur Forbesse Lievetennant-Colonell Seaton was preferred against the Officers wills who once placed would refuse nothing unto his Majestie he would command By his Majesties authoritie against the Colonells will Captaine Duncâ—n Forbesse and Captaine Iohn Forbesse for alleaged insufficiencie were 〈◊〉 their command and their companies given to others whom his Majestie â—avoured But time that alters all things having favoured them they were restored to their companies againe When we have good dayes we slight them when they are gone we sinke under the wring of sorrow for their losse and want teacheth vs the worth of things more truely and it is a true saying Blessings appeare not till they bee vanished Our Officers that were discontented under the King of Denmarke without
to give in our Rolles for mustering of us that his Majestie might know what losse we had sustained on service and that those that served well might be rewarded we mustered sicke and whole neere nine hundred men under Armes besides Officers having lost on service foure hundred men that were killed in the place and taken in our retreate Before our coming to muster Newes was come to his Majestie of the losse of the Castle of Bredenberg in Holsten Stathoulder Ransowe his chiefe residence where Major Dumbarre did command and was killed The particulars of this service I referre to the next Dutie discharged The Major being killed I having discharged the duty in his absence by my Colonels respect to me and his Majesties favour I had Patent given me under his Majesties hand and Seale as Major to the Regiment as likewise Captaine Lermond his company then at Luckstad being vacant through the death of the Captaine at Hamburgh was also disposed unto me and orders were given unto the Commissary that mustred us according to my Patent to place me as Sergeant-Major over the Regiment which all duely obeyed by the Commissary the Drummer Major accompanied with the rest of the Drummers of the Regiment being commanded beate a bancke in head of the Regiment The Commissary having his Majesties Patent in his hand makes a speech signifying his Majesties will unto all the Officers of the Regiment and without any contradiction placed me Segeant Major and delivering me my Patent takes me by the hand as the Colonell did Lievetenant-Colonell with the whole Officers of the Regiment wishing me joy with the generall applause of the whole Soldateska which ceremony ended the Regiment marched off by companies unto their severall quarters as before The Colonell conveyed by his Officers unto his quarters the Officers were appointed the next day to meete at the Colonells quarter to receive money and to understand further of the Colonells resolution concerning the standing of the Regiment At their returne the next day they received two monthes pay for the Officers and one moneths pay for the Soldateska with promise of winter clothes But the Souldiers coming into a good fat soyle clad themselves honestly which made them want commisse clothes Yet none of us could say but we served a liberall and a bountifull Master the money first payed by the Commissaries they give orders in his Majesties name for keeping of good discipline over the Regiment whereby the Boores should not complaine on the Souldiers Isolencie which they needed not to use getting willingly from the Boores both meate and mony with some clothes Neverthelesse there were alwayes amongst the one and the other some churlish Rascalls that caused complaints to be heard which made our proforce or Gavileger get company and money for discharging his duety for neither Officer nor Souldier escaped due punishment that was once complained on untill such time as his Majestie was satisfied with justice and the party offended Thus continuing in our duety the Colonell anew doth Capitulate with his Majesty for bringing over from Scotland a thousand men to recreute the Regiment Officers were appointed of every company to go for Scotland and for the most part the Captaines went themselves leaving their Lievetenants in their absence to command their companies The Lievetenant Colonell taking a fore-loofe did go unto Holland I being left to command the Regiment the Colonell and his Captaines Sr. Patrick Mac-Gey Captaine Annaâ—e Captaine Monro of Obstell Captaine Forbesse Captaine Sinclaire Captaine Iohn Monro and Lievetenant Robert Stewart the Barron of Fowles followed them in the spring for leavying a company also They being gone I was commanded by his Majesty to take orders from Generall Major Slamersdorph then resident at Odensee in Funeland who immediatly after their going away commanded me to take my quarters in Assens where we kept our watch seeing that part of the country was most in danger of the enemies pursute where I had question with the Major of the Rhinegraves Regiment of horse who should give out the orders in the Garrison which did bring an emulation betwixt our Souldiers and the horsemen so that in severall rancounters had in the Garrison three or foure on each side were killed To prevent this disorder the Generall Major with some other associats came to Assens and held a Councell of warre the businesse considered the Major of Horse is removed to another Garrison and Rut-master Cratsten is put with his Troupes in Assens and the command of the Garrison was given unto me Notwithstanding whereof our enmity with the horsemen did continue a long time till the Rhinegrave himselfe had given orders to his whole Officers examplarily to punish those insolent Rutters who should be found to live otherwise then brethren with the whole Scots Regiment so that by that time the coldnesse removed we lived at more quiet during my being there which was not long The eighth Observation FIrst here we may see the wisdome and magnanimity of this King not cast downe with the losse of his Army nor with the losse of the halfe of his country but preventing his further losse for the safety of his country and good of his Subjects he with expedition drawes himselfe and the remnant escaped of his Army within Denmark to preserve them for a second fitter opportunity As also to encourage his Subjects that through feare were on the flight by water unto other Nations carrying their substance with them feare comming unawares having heard of their Kings losse and overthrow abroade fame dispersing the rumours of the losse much worse then it was the people were so afraid and so fearefull that they enjoyed nothing without a frighted minde no not their sleepe they trembled at the present miseries that might but come they were anticipated in a more horrid habit then any enemy could put them unto meeting with evill before it came making things but probable as certaine as when one may sit even in a boate he is in no danger yet through feare stirring he may drowne himselfe and others as we see often in battell that the valiant man constantly keeping his ranke doth live when as the feeble coward by stooping thinking to save his life he loses it when the brave soule knowes no trembling Caesar spake like Caesar when he bad the Marriners feare nothing And this invincible and Magnanimous King though ruffled by Caesar yet he encourages his subjects by exhorting them to feare nothing going at all times himselfe betwixt them and all dangers he being the first many times ingaged and the last coming off casting as it were through his valour a kinde of honour upon God believing in his goodnesse casting himselfe in danger trusting and confiding in his care onely Not like an unworthy coward that ecliples his sufficiency unworthily doubting that God will bring him off unjustly accusing God his power or his will making himselfe his owne Saviour he becomes his owne confounder But this magnanimous King setting
have in the person of Charles called the wise who having seene France ruin'd by the former warres under his predecessors Philip and Iohn Normandie and Piccardie possessed by the English and having Edward the third to deale with the best and happiest King ever England had who defeated the French in two Battells This Prince resolved to keepe the rest finding it to be as good to governe by counsell as by force of Armes he did nothing rashly nor unfore-seene but his designs were all well premeditated and digested making choice of men wise valiant and knowing how to command in warres Edward seeing his sword thus blunted and the course of his victories by the wisdome of Charles interrupted said who did ever see one out of his chamber to give a man so much adoe without Armes Thus Charles was so wise that his enemies did make no difficulty to praise him for he not onely freed his people from misery but also gathered afterward a great treasure for his sonne being called rich as he was wise and being respected of his subjects and of his enemies as this Magnanimous King of Denmark is for his prudence after his warres is as much to be commended as his valour was in preserving his subjects Throne from his enemies being redacted to a corner and his counsell served also well for the good of his subjects the estate of his Throne and for the recovery of his losses And therefore Cicero said that counsell availed for the good of the State as well as Captaines for it is oft seene in effect that by the good advice of the one the others have happily drawne and governed their swords And in another place he saith that Agamemnon Generall of Greece did never wish for ten such great Captaines as Ajax was but rather ten wise counsâ—llours as Nestor was which made Cicero so often to proclaime the honour due to eloquence above valour saying Cedant arma togae concedat laurea linguae but joyned together as in this Magnanimous King of Denmark they worke one to anothers hands for the establishment of his Throne which I wish so long to continue as the world Here also we may learne to eschevv vice by the punishment inflicted upon this souldier for his exorbitancy in having ravish'd a virgin of her honour he was bereft himselfe of life by Gods justice punishing man for sinne examplary to others Against this sinne of ravishing Emperours ordained punâ—shment to wiâ— to lose their heads and their goods also to be confiscate but the law of the Caâ—onists treates more meekely with ravishers suffering them to marry those whom they ravished But the Lord judgeing more severely steeping his rods in viâ—iger ordaines stricter punishmeâ—t for such malefactors To eschew therefore the committing of such villanies I will here set downe some remedies to hinder man from such vices that we may eschew the like punishment The first remedy then is to abstaine from the excesse of wine and meates not to be druâ—ke with wine wherein there is dissolution The second remedy is to eschew idlenesse and too much sleeping which is enemy to travell and diligence The third to eschew the company of unclâ—ane persons whose delight is in filthy communications for he that will ouâ—h pitch must be defiled with it Evill speeches corrupt good manners and with Wolves we learne to howle and cry Dina the daughter of Iacob desiring to see what was not convenient neither for her shamefacâ—tnesse nor for the respect she ought to have carried to her fathers house was ravished viâ—lated and was the cause of greater evill The fourth remedy is to keepe both women and maides in a convenient modesty of a chast behaviour without which there is a doore opened to all villany and filthinesse which is able of vertue to make vice The other remedies are to live soberly and vertuously in our callings eschewing evill company and filthy communications loving rather to take paines in our callings remembring our duty we owe to God in not delighting in any uncleannesse that we may eschew the malâ—diction hanging over the heads of those which continue in their filthinesse without repentance abusing the long suffering and patience of the Lord our God and Father To conclude this observation there are lawes and justice observed as well among souldiers as in other governments and the strictest justice that is with least partiality our lawes are the Kings Articles we are sworne to obey our President or Iudge he amongst us present having the command to whom his Majesty joynes as assessor to the Iudge an Auditor for doing of justice our Assisers or Iury we have not to seeke viz. a competent number of thirteene of our owne Regiment Officers Captaines Lievetenants Antients Sergeants and Corporalls till our number be full our Proforce or Gavilliger brings in the complaints and desires justice in his Majesties name to the party offended and to his Master the Kings Majesty or Generall that fuers or leades the warre and every Regiment is bound to have an executioner of their owne which if the Regiment wants the Colonell is obliged to hire another to doe the execution for paiment and sometimes as the crime and the person is respected that is to suffer he is honoured to be shot by his camerades or beheaded not suffering an executioner to come neare him Other slight punishments we enjoyne for slight faults put in execution by their Camerades as the Loupegarthe when a Souldier is stripped naked above the waste and is made to runne a furlong betwixt two hundred Souldiers ranged alike opposite to others leaving a space in the midst for the Souldier to runne through where his Camerades whip him with small rods ordained and cut for the purpose by the Gavilliger and all to keepe good order and discipline for other lesser faults there is ordained slighter punishments as Irons standing at a poast his hands bound up above his head likewise sitting on a Treen or woodden Mare in some publicke place to make him ashamed of his fault As also sometimes to stand six or seaven houres longer than ordinary at the centriâ— posture as I was once made to stand in my younger yeares at the Louver gate in Paris being then in the Kings Regiment of the Guards passing my prentiship for sleeping in the morning when I ought to have beene at my excercise for punishment I was made stand from eleven before noone to eight of the Clocke in the night Centry Armed with Corslet Head-piece Bracelets being Iron to the teeth in a hot Summers day till I was weary of my life which ever after made me the more strict in punishing those under my Command The eleventh Dutie discharged of our expedition by water unto the Isle of Feamer and of the in-taking of it THE twenty-second day of March 1627. his Majestie having come in person to Lowland with two thousand five hundred foote having appointed Randezvouz at Rubie I had orders to repaire with all diligence to the
great ship called Reffe that fought valiantly against the Portugalls and they being entred into her there was made on the suddaine an artificiall fire that so affrighted the pursuers that they quit the Reffe retiring the farthest they could from her which fire did not burne being artificially made and the makers of it could extinguish it when they pleased To conclude then this observation and discourse of ships I did observe here before Keele fire being entred into one of our ships and the souldiers throwing salt water on it it still burnt the more till I made them throw fresh water and then it was quenched having before read the like in Plutarch treating of the naturall causes And Venice seated on the sea hath beene often in danger of burning as Sabellicus writes in his sixt booke in the story of Venice where he reports that the Temple St Marke was almost all burnt and the Dukes Palace was preserved with great difficulty which verifies that fire and water are good servants but evill masters God make us thankefull for this deliverance and from many more since having beene in danger of fire water sword famine pestilence and from the cruelty of our enemies The fourteenth Duty discharged at Grottenbrode in Holsten THis Magnanimous King yet still preferring the good of his country before his owne rest and quiet with the hazard of his person landed againe in Holsten his forces not exceeding three thousand foote without horsemen of intention there to bring his Army together he drew out himselfe a Royall Leager with a strong Forte in the middest of it having the Isle of Feamer sufficiently provided of victualls and of Ammunition to furnish his Army during that Summer and leaving the most part of his strength a shipboard he advanced himselfe with a thousand men to a Dorpe called Grottenbrode a mile from the shore naturally well situated which might be put in defence with little paines to hold up an Army His Majesty having drawne the draught of the Retrenchment the Boores set to worke I with the English and two Dutch companies were made choise of to Guard his Majestie and the workemen the enemie lying strong with horse and foote within two miles of us The first nights watch was laid on me and my souldiers by breake of day a Corporall and twelve horsemen of the enemies were sent to try our watch or rather to betray us which were holden up by our outer centry who calling to the Guard the Guard taking Armes I directed a Sergeant and a Corporall with twelve musketiers to advance and to speake with those horsemen The enemies Corporall finding himselfe wrong pretended an excuse alleaging he was come to offer his service to his Majestie and then retired whereof incontinent I did informe his Majesty who presently considered he was a spie sent from the enemy before midday he returned with fifteene hundred horse and some Dragoniers our intrenchment not ready we draw to Armes his Majesty directing the two Dutch companies to beset the passes and finding his person in danger retired with a few musketiers and leaving me and the English being of equall strength to defend the Dorpe promising to provide me of amunition and to send us reliefe his Majesty thus retired I caused a barricade of waggons to be made a hundred paces without the Dorpe where I placed a Lievetenant and thirty musketieres giving him charge if the enemy should advance to discover or recognize then to give fire on them and not otherwise This done the rest of our Souldiers were placed for maintaining the entry of the Dorpe and the English were appointed as our reserve to lye at Armes to be in readinesse to second us the enemy finding us provided and their foote not being come up they stand in Battell and direct two Troupes of horse to try the passes meaning to come betwixt us and our ships to cut off our retreat but finding we had the passe beset with musketiers they were forced to retire backe with the losse of three horsemen By this time his Majesty did send Colonell Holck unto me being come loose from the enemy on Parole to solicite his Ransome to desire me if the enemy forced entrance unto the Dorpe that I should retire to the Church-yard which was but cold comfort so being his Majesty had no intention to relieve us and consequently at last we should be the enemies prisoners after losing of our Colours which grieved us most But I desired the Colonell to shew his Majesty that seeing I knew of no reliefe if the enemy pursued us hard I would choose rather to set the Dorpe on fire behinde us and then commit my selfe and the rest to the hazard of fortune in making our retreate rather then to become prisoners to the enemy The Colonell gone we pressing to make a faire shew of a slight game doubling our Guards before night and making great Guard-fires in view of the enemy his foote not come up and seeing our resolution he retired before night where incontinent we imbraced the opportunity and leaving some Dragoniers behinde us we retired to our ships giving orders to the Dragoniers to follow after us so soone as they thought we were safely retired Before midnight the enemy having gotten his foote joyned with him returned to the Dorpe and the next morning advances towards us till he was holden off by the fury of our Ordinance of the ships In the meane time his Majesty had above foure thousand Boores at worke finishing the Leager and royall Fort in the midest of it whereon were placed eight pieces of Cannon the Fort being higher then the Leager did command the fields about which being complete the two Dutch companies were left to maintaine the Fort and the rest had orders to ship their men and to retire to Lowland his Majesty having understood that the enemy had beleagerd Trailesound The second night after our going away the enemy coming to pursue the Fort the Dutch retire quitting the same and their Cannon also with the losse of fourescore men so that his Majesties paines taken in Holsten was in vaine the Dutch retiring from it unfoughten The foureteenth Observation IT is much to be lamented when Kings or great men preferre their owne ease and rest to the publique weale suffering it to be overthrowne on the contrary part it is worth much commendation when a King or a Prince undertakes toyle and travell of his body for the safety of his people to keepe them in quiet from imminent ruine with the hazard of his owne life preserving his subjects Therefore men ought to call to minde often the wise counsell of Pericles who said that when the publique state was ruin'd he that lived well at his ease for his owne particular should not escape unruin'd where on the contrary the publique state being well the poore feele the lesse discommodity and is comforted in some manner Caesar was of this opinion when he said unto his Captaines and Lievetenants no
of Hamilton Generall of the Brittish Army Sir Iames Spence Generall over Scots Sir Patrike Ruthven Governour of Vlme and since Generall Sir Alexander Lesly Governour over the Cities along the Baltique Coast and since Felt-marshall over the Army in Westphalia Generall Major Iames King since Lievetenant Generall Sir David Drummond Generall Major and Governour of Statin in Pomeren Sir Iames Ramsey Generall Major had a Regiment of Scots and since was Governour of Hanaw Colonells that served then of Scots My Lord of Rhees Mackey Colonell to a Briggad of Scots Sir Iohn Hepburne Colonell succeeded to command the Scottish Briggad and since was slaine in France Sir Iohn Ruthven Colonell to a Briggad of Dutch and since Generall Major Sir Iames Lumsdell Colonell to a Regiment of Scots Alexander Ramsey Colonell and Governour of Creutzenach Robert Lesly Colonell to a Regiment of Scots Robert Monro Baron of Fowles Colonell of Horse and Foote over Dutch and since died of his wounds at Vlme Iohn Monro of Obstell Colonell to a Regiment of Scots and since slaine on the Rhine in the Weteraw Lodovicke Lesly Colonell to a Regiment of Scots which was Sir Iohn Hamiltons Robert Monro Colonell to a Regiment of Scots which was my Lord of Rhees Iames Carre Colonell to a Regiment of Scots and since Generall Major Sir Fredricke Hamilton Colonell to a Regiment of Scots and Irish. The Master of Forbesse Colonell to a Regiment of Scots Alexander Hamilton Colonell to a Regiment of Scots The Earle of Crawford Lindesey Colonell to a Foote Regiment of Dutch and since slaine William Baily Colonell to a Regiment of foote of Dutch Sir Iames Hamilton Colonell to a foote Regiment of Scots Iohn Forbesse Colonell to a foote Regiment of Dutch slaine in France Hugh Hamilton Colonell to a foote Regiment of Dutch Sir William Ballentine Colonell to a fote Regiment of English Sir Iames Ramsey Colonell to a foote Regiment of English and since died at London Alaxander Forbesse called Finnesse Forbesse Colonell to a Regiment of Finnes Walter Leckey Colonell to foote The English Colonells served then Colonell Austin Colonell to an English Regiment served in Germany Sir Iohn Cassells Colonell to a foote Regiment of English which was levied by Sir Thomas Conway who was cast away on the coast of Denmarke with his Lievetenant Colonell George Stewart Sir George Fleetwood Colonell to a foote Regiment of English that served at this time in Spruce Scots Colonells that served at this time in Sweden Leefland and Spruce Iames Seaton Colonell to foote of Swedes Colonell Kinninmond Colonell to foote of Swedes since dead Colonell Thomson Colonell to foote of Swedes since dead Colonell Scot Cloonell to foote of Finnes since dead William Cunningham Colonell to â—oote of Scots in Spruce Francis Ruthven Colonell to foote of Dutch in Spruce Sir Iohn Meldrum Colonell in Spruce to foote Lievetenant Colonells who served then whereof since some have beene advanced Thomas Hume of Carolside Lievetenant Colonell of Horse since a Colonell in France Lievetenant Colonell Dowglas since a Colonell of Horse in Germany under the Swede Henry Muschamp Lievetenant Colonell since was a Colonell and was slaine at Nerling Alexander Lesly Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell to foote Alexander Cunninghame Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell to foote Lievetenant Colonell Vavazer since a Colonell to foote William Gunne Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell to foote of Dutch Iohn Lesly Lievetenant Colonell since Colonell to foote of Scots Lievetenant Colonell Finnesse Forbesse since a Colonell Alexander Forbesse called the Bald Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell Robert Stewart Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell Hector Monro Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell and being made Knight Baronet died at Hamburg and was buried at Buckstehood in the Oldland oâ— the Elve Sir George Dowglas Lievetenant Colonell since Ambassadour for his Majesty of Great Britaine in Spruce died in Germany and was transported and buried in Scotland George Lesly Lievetenant Colonell since Colonell Iohn Lindesey of Bainshow Lievetenant Colonell since slaine at Newbrandenburg Lievetenant Colonell Monypenny Lievtenant Colonell to horse Alexander Lindesey Lievetenant Colonell since slaine in Bavier Iohn Sinclaire Lievetenant Colonell was slaine at Newmarke William Stewart Lievetenant Colonell succeeded to Sinclaire Henry Lindesey Lievetenant Colonell to Lesly the younger William Lindesey Lievetenant Colonell to Horse Iames Henderson Lievetenant Colonell to Foote Sir Arthur Forbesse Lievetenant Colonell to foote was slaine in combat neere Hamburg Robert Weere Lievetenant Colonell since slaine in Saxony Iohn Lyell Lievetenant Colonell to foote Iames Dickson Lievetenant Colonell since slaine in the Paltz Sandelens Lievetenant Colonell since slaine in the Paltz William Borthwicke Lievetenant Colonell to foote Macdowgall Lievetenant Colonell since slaine in Schwabland Iames Hepburne Lievetenant Colonell since slaine in France Robert Hannan Lievetenant Colonell to foote died in Alsas Iohn Monro Lievetenant Colonell to foote Robert Lumsdell Lievetenant Colonell to foote William Herring Lievetenant Colonell to foote Sir Iames Cunninghame Lievetenant Colonell to foote William Spence Lievetenant Colonell to foote Iohn Ennis Lievetenant Colonell to foote Poytagheâ— Forbesse Lievetenant Colonell to foote Iohn Forbesse of Tullough Lievetenant Colonell was slaine at Nerling George Forbess Lievetenant Colonell to foote Alexander Hay Lievetenant Colonell of Dragoniers David Leslie Lievetenant Colonell to Horse Iames Drummond Lievetenant Colonell to horse Kinninmond the elder Lievetenant Colonell to foote Kinninmond the younger Lievetenant Colonell to foote Francis Sinclaire Lievetenant Colonell to foote Gordon Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell to foote of Dutch under the Crowne of Sweden Iohn Henderson Lievetenant Colonell since a Colonell under the Emperour William Troope Lievetenant Colonell slaine in the Paltz Potley Lievetenant Colonell to foote under Sir George Fleetwood Arthur Mon-gorge Lievetenant Colonell to foote Iames Mongomry Lievetenant Colonell slaine in combat Scots Majors Major Ruthven slaine at Nerling Major Mill. Major Cunninghame Major Iohn Forbesse Major David King slaine at Nerling Major Bodwell slaine at Wertzburg Major Mackenyee since Generall adjutant under the Felt-marshall Lesâ—y Major Sidserfe slâ—ine at Nerling Major David Monro Major William Falconer Major Francis Sinclaire Major William Keith Major Sanderson Major William Bruntfield died of his wounds at Buckstehoode in the Oldland Diverse Captaines and inferiour Officers of the Nation followed the Army being in charge whom I omit out of this List. MONRO HIS EXPEDITION IN GERMANY The first Part. TVesday the tenth of Octobeâ— 1626. from Cromartie in Scotland to Lugstad on the Elve by Sea Dayes 5 300 Dutch Miles Wee wintered in Holstein in good Quarters Moneths 6 From Lugstad on the Elve we marched to the Weser streame above Bâ—emen Dayes 4 12 Dutch Miles On the Weser stream we remained weekes Ten. 10 The tenth of Iuly 1627. we marched from the Weâ—er to Bucstihoode Dayes 3 12 Dutch Miles From the Oldland we crossed the Elve at Blanckenesse and continued our Expedition to Beysenburg on the Elve in Mechlenburg Dayes 3 10 Dutch Miles At Beysenburg we rested Dayes
the Colonels name and in his absence I did direct as a beginning of the Regiment Fowles Captaine Monro and my owne Captaine being three Companies of the Regiment unto Spruce before the Colonels comming from England and after there were sent unto Spruce three Companies viz. Major Synnots Captaine Bullions and Captaine Lermond's Companies which sixe for that yeare remayned in Garrison in Brownesbery in Spruce other sixe Companies of the old Regiment the Colonell directed from Holland to Sweden in November 1629. where they remained in Garrison till May 1630. when they were sent into Dutchland commanded by the Colonell whose Company was led by Captaine Lieutenant Gunne Lieutenant Colonell Lindesey his Company was led by Lieutenant Pringle Captaine Sinclaire Captaine Moncreife Captaine Ennis and Captaine Beaton made out the other sixe Companies of the Regiment Captaine George Stewart and Captaine Francis Trafford having quit their Companies for their better preferment Captaine Monro of Fowles being advanced to be a Colonell of Foot his brother Hector Monro succeeded as Captaine to his brothers Company which was under me in Spruce thus farre then may suffice for the manner of our Ingagements My Colonell and I having wintered both in Denmarke in February 1630. wee crost the Scund and tooke our Iourney unto Sweden through Skonland In our way wee were nobly and courteously entertained by the Governour of Warden Castle and from thence were mounted with the Governours best Horses being convoyed by his servants till wee entred in Gottenberge where we rested two dayes till the Governour did provide us of Passes guides and horses towards his Majesty then at Stockholme in Sweden where on our journey we did visit that worthy Cavaliere Colonell Alexander Hamilton at his Worke-houses in Vrbowe being then imployed in making of Cannon and fire-workes for his Majesty of Sweden from whence the Colonell did convey us to his Quarter where we were kindly entertained and welcommed by him and his Officers From thence we continued our Iourney and did visit Captaine Sinclaire at his Quarter where wee were also well entertained having stayed with him on Easter Sunday and from thence wee travailed to Stockholme where wee had first the honour of his Majesties presence and conference after kissing of his Majesties hand we tooke our lodgings where we stayed certaine dayes his Majesty being making preparation for the transporting of his Majesties Army unto Dutchland The first Sunday after our comming his Majesty did invite the principall Cavaliers that were in Towne of our Nation for to accompany his Majesty at a Feast appointed in honour of the Order of the Garter where Thirteene Cavaliers of our Nation did sit at his Majesties table and were Royally entertained This Feast past his Majesty having ordered his Foot Army in the Fields after his new order of Discipline of Briggades then first brought in use at which time his Majesty having showen unto my Colonell and his Officers the Order of his Majesties discipline in which Order his Majestie commanded to put my Colonels Regiment which was presently obeyed insomuch that his Majesty was so well pleased with the capacity of my Colonels Souldiers going so orderly and readily to their Duties that his Majestie did wish in open presence of the Army that all his Foot were so well disciplined as my Colonels Regiment for which his Majesty would bee content to be indebted of a huge great summe of money and having caused the Regiment march by towards their Quarters his Maiesty did mightily and much praise the Regiment for their good Order saying hee hoped one day to get good service of those men for his monies shortly after this his Maiesty did Ship his Army for Germanie with which my Colonell and his Regiment went also I having gotten his Majesties Patent over a free Squadron of the Companies that were in Spruce I was directed to the Rex Chancellor there with Orders from his Maiesty to his Excellence to direct me and my Squadron with all diligence after his Majesty unto Dutchland according to which having arrived in Spruce and delivered my Commission to his Excellence I was immediatly directed to my Garrison to order the Companies for a Muster and being mustered and payed of two moneths meanes there was Shipping provided for mee and my Companies at the Pillo in August 1630. for transporting of us into Dutchland according to his Maiesties will and Orders given unto me to follow his Majestie and our Ships being victualed wee attended the winde THE SECOND PART OF MONRO HIS EXPEDITION VNDER HIS Majestie of SVVEDEN discharged in severall Duties and Observations The first Dutie discharged in the Swedens service of our Expedition by Water from Pillo in Spruce vnto the Coast of Pomerne at Rougenvalde THE twelfth of August 1630. having received his Excellence Orders the Rex Chancellor for to Ship my Souldiers at the Pillo and from thence to transport them unto Dutchland towards Wolgast in Pomerne in obedience to the orders having divided the Companies at the Pillo my owne Company Captaine Hector Monro's and Captaine Bullions Company were put with my selfe in a Ship of his Majesties called the Lilly-Nichol The other three Companies viz. Major Senotts Captaine Iohn Monro's and Lermondâ— were put on another Ship of his Majesties called the Hound our Horses and Baggage being put on a small Skoote or Boat the winde favouring us we being victualed for a weeke we make sayle from the Pillo towards Pomerne having calme weather for two dayes The third day with a strong winde and a great tempest from the West wee were severed from the Fleet and our Ship striking a leake we were driven unto Burnehollem Roade in Denmarke where the tempest being past wee goe a shore to victuall our ship anew the winde favouring us we weigh Anchor againe and setting sayle we take our course towards Wolgast being neâ—re the Coast the winde contrary wee were not able to double our Course and our ship being leake we durst not adventure farre from land and putting forty eight Souldiers to pumpe continually by turnes they were not able to keepe her dry and being overcharged with much water though there blew a great winde after us wee made but a slow Course our resolution was being turned backe and before the winde to make for Dantsick as our best refuge But keeping so neere the land under night wee bayed within lands the winde blowing hard with a great tempest on the shore being a shallow â—andy Coast all sayles being up by Eleven a clocke at night we struck on ground our Ship old and weake breakes in the middest below but kept fast above our Souldiers comming all above hatches they were pittifully drenched and wet with the waves and being in danger of out-washing they tye themselves with Ropes to the ship sides yet two that tooke a pride in their swimming a Dane and a Scot called Murdo Piper thinking by swimming to gaine the shore were both drowned the Mariners setting out one Boate after another
glasse that sometimes a vaine and idle brute was enough to ruine them and to breake them like the bricklest glasse that is His Majesties further diligence after the intaking of Brandenburg we see he giving neither time nor leasure to the neerest Garrisons that were at hand to resolve what they had to doe for one strength was no sooner taken but incontinent the commanded Musketiers and horsemen were presently closing up the passages of the rest before they could either retire or send for supply And so being long sleeping in a carelesse securitie some of them were taken before they could bee prepared for to fight or to take about their ports or bridges so farre were they out of use with hunting and making good cheere that they were surprized inter pocula having regarded their bellies more then their credits Where I did see the saying of the Prophet cleered that saith Men doe annoy themselves in gathering goods and cannot tell who shall enjoy them For I thinke the Italians never minded that the riches which they gathered in Pomeren should be suddenly transported from the Sunne unto the Northerne cragges and cliffes of Sweden being led by the Lyon of the North the Invincible King of Sweden of never dying memory The fifth Dutie discharged of the Intaking of Dameine by Accord GEnerall Major Kniphowsen being come with a supply of horse and foote to our Army at Letts and being joyned with us his Majestie did give him orders to desire from the Colonells of all Regiments of foote and horse according to a Swedens custome used at such times the List of their marching men and of their sicke the Lists being severally given our Army did effectivè consist of fifteene thousand men of foote and horse able to fight The next morning every Regiment of foote according to custome was commanded to have a competent number of Cannon baskets ready made to be transported the next day on Waggons before Dameine which we were to beleaguer Therefore this preparation was made before hand for the Batteries the wood being scarce and farre from thence The fourteenth of Februarie we did breake up horse and foote and marched towards Dameine from Letts our horsemen were directed to lie without us on both sides of the Towne alike so that the Towne could get no supply without they would first beate our horsemen and next our foote His Majestie remaining with the Infantry as his choice we incamped on a hill and about it within Cannon shot of the Towne being our best Quarters in the extremitie of the cold without house or shelter to defend us from the winde At our first drawing up in battell a worthy Gentleman called Robert Rosse one of our Regiment was kill'd with the Cannon being blowing of Tobacco before the Regiment died instantly and was transported to Letts where he was honourably buried in the Church whose last words were worth the noteing saying Lord receive my Soule His Majestie having first disposed of the Horsemen in giving them their directions the foote was standing in battell under the mercy of the Cannon behinde this hill for two houres while his Majestie was in viewing and recognoscing both Towne and Castle which done the Guards were commanded forth to their severall Posts to the Artillerie and to his Majesties baggage then his Majestie directed Generall Major Kniphowsen and his Forces with the thousand commanded Musketiers to take in the passage that went to the Castle on which service was commanded Here Tivell his Lievetenant Colonell called who commanded the partie under whom was with the commanded men of our Regiment Lievetenant George Heatly the service beginning hot on both sides striving for the passe the Lievtenant Colonell was killed At which time Lievetenant Heatly being shot notwithstanding behaved himselfe valourously being the first with his Muskâ—tiers that cleered the passe from the enemy in making them give ground he possessed the mill on the other side of the passe till the rest of the commanded Musketiers did follow the enemy to the Castle where Knip-howsen with his Forces did advance the passe being free His Majestie having given Orders where the Batteries should be made giving Generall Banier charge to attend the Armie as it begunne to grow darke his Majestie accompanied by Colonell Tivell went to appoint the place where the approaches should beginne where the Guards should be kept that were to guard the workmen in case of an out-fall where presently both the Guards and the men that should worke were commanded forth with sufficient Officers to oversee them Likewise there were men commanded from every Regiment proportionably for making the Batteries and a strong Guard was appointed to guard the Cannon against an out-fall others were commanded from every Regiment to make more Cannon Baskets and the Furiers with Convoyes were ordained to returne to Letts for bringing of Proviant to every Regiment This all orderly done he that had meate in his Knapsacke being free of dutie could invite his Camerade to supper and make merry till he were commanded on dutie himselfe where divers did eate that were not sicke on the morrow The enemy perceiving the next morning the Guards by the approaches saluted them with Cannon and Musket and were saluted againe though not so kindly as friends doe one anoâ—her The service continued the whole day his Majestie oft visiâ—ing the Castle being hardest prest as of most consequence for the Castle once wonne the Towne could not hold out Vpon the Castle were seaven Companies of Colonell Holks Regiment who fearing to be blowne up by a Mine entred in treatie and were content to take service under his Majestie and to render their Colours which immediatly was agreed upon and their Colours brought to be planted and spred on our Batteries as tokens of his Majesties victory The Cannon in the meane time from our Batteries thundring till night on their workes they begunne to be discouraged finding the Castle was given over they were out of hopes to maintaine the Towne longer The next morning Captaine Beaton of our Regiment having the guard in the Trenches the enemy falling out strong the Dutch retired and gave ground while our folke maintained their Poast valiantly in sight of his Majesty who commanded Generall Bannier with some Musketiers of Here-Tyvells Regiment and ours led on by Major Potley an English Cavalier of good worth to second the Guards and to beate backe the enemy in plaine champagne Generall Bannier advanced the enemy playing hard with cannon on them Notwithstanding whereof entering the skirmish the enemy was beate backe not without great losse on both sides where I cannot but commend Bannier his carriage being in sight of his King as his Majesty did commend our Nation for their good behaviour and charity for a Captaine of Banniers Regiment being left for dead on the field his countrimen for feare refusing to bring him off he was voluntarily brought off by our countrimen to their great praise who after disdaining his Camerades and
much on the wisedome discretion and valour of Generall Major Kniphowsen as that of himselfe he was sufficiently able to make an honourable Accord when better could not be And in the meane time to divert the enemy from him his Majestie did make a Carracole with the halfe of his Army towards Swede on the River of the Oder where he built a ship-bridge over the River and caused to fortifie it with Skonces that in his option he might come and goe on both sides of the River till Feltmarshall Horne might joyne with him Generall Tilly hearing the King was marched and fearing some great designe he pressed Brandenburg so much the harder with continuall shooting of Cannon till a Breach was made and then out of time Kniphowsen did send his Lievetenant Colonell with a Drummer to the breach to desire a Parle but being neglected by the enemy as too late The Parle refused Lievetenant Colonell was killed the enemy having given Orders for a generall storme which going on Lievetenant Colonell Lindesey and Captaine Moncreiffe were both killed and Lievetenant Keith and Ensigne Haddon were also cut downe in the fury with many a brave Souldier besides who being denied Quarters fought valiantly to the last man The other Scots Officers of the Regiment being within the Towne as Captaine Ennis Captaine Gunne Captaine Beaton and Captaine Lermond with their Officers and Souldiers were for the most part taken prisoners with Lievetenant Lyell and some other inferiour Officers Captaine Ennis being on another Poast without the Port which was not stormed at all the enemy having entred on the other side of the Towne where in the fury they did put the most part to the sword and coming through the Towne Port upon Ennis his Poast behinde him he and Lievetenant Lumsdell did leape into the Graffe and saved themselves through a marrish from the fury of their enemies and came to us to Freedland Brandenburg thus taken in a partie was sent towards Trepto where Sinclaire did command getting orders to take it in also But Sinclaire did behave himselfe valiantly in falling out upon the enemy who retired againe without great hurt and maintained the Towne for two nights till he had received Orders from the Feltmarshall to quit it in the night And after that he did joyne with us at Freedland The Feltmarshall knowing that Brandenburg being taken the enemies Forces would march upon him and he having Orders and instructions in writing from his Majestie he retired with his Army over the passe towards Aucklam the enemy advanced to Freedland finding us to be gone they retired in hafte backe to Brandenburg and from thence they march backe againe to Rapine suspecting his Majestie had marched before them towards Magdeburg Tillies Army being marched we retired to Freedland from whence Ensigne Greame with some Dragoniers was sent to Brandenburg to take Order for the hurt and sicke whom Generall Tilly had left behinde him which were plondered and some others killed by the Ensigne and his Souldiers who had also runne the same hazard by the enemy his Crabatts had they not retired in time after whose returne my Musketiers being come from Malchene we were readie to march The sixth Observation THE crueltie and inhumanitie used here by Tillies Armie giving so ill quarters to our Nation to Burgers and to those that served at the Altar was not long unpunished at such places as they least expected And Generall Major Kniphowsen was not voide of blame for refusing a Treatie in due time seeing he had no certaintie of reliefe and being lâ—ft to capitulate with the enemy at his owne discretion by his instructions he had from his Majestie he ought to have embraced the opportunitie of time which once past is not to be recovered in capitulating with the enemy for honourable Quarters rather than to have brought himselfe and others to the slaughter for he who delayes to embrace time when it is offered must not presse to recover it and oft-times good occasions in warfare are lost when Commanders are ignorant of their enemies doings Therefore while time is we ought to be diligent and carefull for it is better to be in safetie through preventing than basely to suffer under our enemies occasion being past which oft-times in warres helpes more than vertue it selfe for if Kniphowsen had embraced Tillies offer when he might our worthy Camerades had not suffered as they did which sufferance after that made Cavaliers bâ—ing freed out of prison to seeke Conditions else-where for their advâ—ncements such as Captaine Ennis being first made Major to Colonell Monro of Obstell was afterward Lievetenant Colonell to the Master of Forbesse after the death of that worthy Cavalier Sir Arthur Forbesse Likewise Captaine William Gunne being comâ— out of prison was after advanced by Sir Patrick Ruthven Generall Major and Governour of Olme to be his Lievetenant Colonell over the Dutch in Schwabeland Captaine Beaton was made Major and afterward Lievetenant Colonell to young Colonell Skeutte Captaine Lermond also was advanced to be Captaine of Dragoniers and Iames Lyel hâ—ving served long under Sir Iohn Ruthven his Regiment the Regiment reduced and the Captaine leavying againe for the French service was pittifully murthered by knaves in Westphalia Henry Lindesey advanced to be Captaine of his Majesties Leeffe Regiment under Grave Neles after for reward of his vertue and valour was preferred to be Lievetenant Colonell to Colonell Alexander Lesly the younger Captaine Brumfield was made Major to Colonell Gunne and after that Regiment was reduced being under Sir Iohn Ruthven was pittifully hurt in Combate and then resolutely died of his wounds at Bucksteehood being much lamented by all that knew him for as valourous and expert an Officer as any of his qualitie was under our Armie so that we see here that though the Regiment suffered great losse at Brandenburg neverthelesse the valiant Officers were advanced according to their former good carriage Likewise I cannot with silence here passe by the valourous carriage of Major Iohn Sinclaire at Trepto in making a faire shew of a bad game while as the enemy came before Trepto with a partie of a thousand Musketiers he not having a hundred Musketiers within the Towne in all neverthelesse fell out with fiftie amongst a thousand and skirmished bravely and orderly with the enemy and retired againe with credit making the enemy thinke that he was a great deale stronger within walles I confesse as it was well ventured so the Cavalier was beholden to Fortune in coming so safely backe But I will not advise my friend to make use of the like for if the enemy had haply got a prisoner of his who could have shewed his true strength that might have caused the losse of all But the Cavalier did hazard faire to gaine credit for as he was valourous in Conduct and amongst others even so being singled out he feared no man as you shall see in the subsequent observations before we end our march Here also I
Berleine fearing Generall Tillie with his Armie might come behinde us whiles we were ingaged with the Towne keeping onely of all the Cavalerie the Rhinegrave and his Regiment besides the Infanterie in case of out-falling to second us against the horsemen that were within the Towne The Cavalerie thus directed his Majestie then perceiving the feare of his enemies having voluntarily fiered their fore-Towne tooke their feare as a presage of his future victory commanded a part of the commanded Musketiers to goe in through the fore-Towne being on fire and to lodge themselves being advanced to the very port till such time as his Majestie should dispose of the rest of the Armie in directing every Briggade apart to their severall poasts The yellow and the blew Briggade were directed to lodge in the Vineyards on the side of the Towne next Castrene being commanded to advance their guards before them while as the rest of the Briggade should lodge and lie in one body at their Armes to be still in readinesse in case of an out-fall the white Briggade called Damits Briggade was appointed to lodge in the fore-Towne to guard the commanded Musketiers that lay betwixt them and the danger at the Port right under the walles Hepburne his Briggade was commanded to lie neare unto the other Port and to advance their guards also the rest of the commanded men to lie neare vnto the other Port and to advance their Guards also the rest of the commanded Musketiers being commanded by Major Iohn Sinclaire were commanded to lye on a hight neere a Church-yard that was direct before the enemies workes besides which there was a Battery made and the Artillery and Amunition of the Armie as commonly was usuall was placed behinde our Briggade and the Rhinegraves horsemen behinde us all things thus ordered and placed commanded folkes out of all Briggads were commanded out proportionally for making of Cannon Baskets and for casting of Trenches Then according to custome his Majestie himselfe and Colonell Tyvell went to Recognosâ—e neare the wall where Colonell Tyvell was shot in the left arme his Majestie then making openly great moane for him alleaging he had no helpe then but of Hepburne in the same instant my Lievetenant David Monro was shot in the legge with a Musket Bullet and my Major Iohn Sinclaire commanding the commanded Musketiers neere to his Majestie where the Battery was making the enemy hanging out a Goose in derision they presently fell out above two hundred of them upon our Guard who received them with volees of Musket and they being too strong for the guard his Majestie commanded the Major to send an Officer and fiftie Musketiers more to second the Guard Neverthelesse the enemy still pushing our guard backwards making them give ground incontinent his Majestie commanded the Major with a hundred Musketiers more to fall on and to resist the enemy in relieving the Guard which the Major suddenly obeyed making the enemy retire with greater haste than he advanced where their Lievetenant Colonell and a Captaine were taken prisoners and after the Major taking in a Church-yard that lay right before the enemyes workes and keeping his Guarde there he did keepe the enemy under awe so that we were no more troubled with their out-falling though diverse of our Officers and souldiers were hurt by them from their workes the Church-yard being no shelter for our Guard that lay just under their workes On Sunday in the morning being Palme-sunday his Maiestie with his whole Armie in their best apparell served God his Maiestie after Sermon encouraging our souldiers wished them to take their evill dayes they had then in patience and that he hoped before long to give them better dayes in making them drinke wine insteade of water they were then drinking and immediately his Maiestie gave orders unto Generall Bannier to command all the Briggads to be in readinesse with their Armes against the next orders this command given some of the commanded men that were under Sinclaire suspecting a storme provided themselves of some ladders By five of the clocke in the afternoone his Majestie comming towards our Briggade called for a Dutch Captaine under Hepburnes Regiment named Guntier and desired him to put on a light corselet with his sword drawne in his hand and to take a Sergeant and twelve other good fellowes with him and to wade through the graffe and then to ascend to the top of the wall and to see if men could be commodiously lodged betwixt the mud-wall of the towne and the stone-wall and then to retire so suddenly as they might which being done his Majestie getting resolution that there was roome betwixt the two walles to lodge men the Briggads being alreadie in battaile they fall on at a call the Captaine being retired without hurt whervpon his Majestie directed Bannier and Hepburne with our Briggad to passe the graffe and to storme And if they repulsed the enemy from the outward wall to lodge under the stone wall betwixt both the walles and if the enemy fortuned to retire to presse in with him the like orders given to the rest of the Briggads all being in readinesse his Majestie having a number of Cannon great and small charged on the batteries caused to give notice at all postes that when the Cannon had discharged the first Salve in the midst of the smoake they should advance to the storme as they did where in passing the graffe we were over the middle in water and mud and ascending to storme the walles there were strong pallessades so well fastened and fixt in the wall that if the enemy had not retired from the walles in great feare we could not but with great hazard have entred The enemy feebely retiring our Commanders and Leaders following their orders received from his Majestie we presse to follow in after the enemy at a great sallying port that was betwixt both the walles that opened with two great leaves where they entred after their Retreate they planted a flake of small shot that shot a dozen of shot at once besides which there were set two peeces of small Ordinance that guarded also the entrie and musketiâ—rs besides which made cruell and pittifull execution on our musketiers and pikemen the valorous Hepburne leading on the battaile of pikes of his owne Briggad being advanced within halfe a pikes length to the doore at the entry he was shot above the knee that he was lame oâ— before which dazling his senses with great paine forced him to retire who said to me bully Monro I am shot whereat I was wondrous sorry his Major then a resolute Cavalier advancing to enter was shot dead before the doore whereupon the Pikes falling backe and standing still Generall Banier being by and exhorting aâ—l Cavaliers to enter Colonell Lumsdell and I being both alike on the head of our owne Colours he having a Partizan in his hand and I a halfe Pike with a head-piece that covered my head commanding our Pikes to advance we lead
are signifying thereby that brave warriours Kings or Princes had no better right than their swordes Here also we see that nothing is more powerfull to bring our enemies to an accord than a strong Armie while as they want strength to oppose them for the Conquest will render and give such conditions to the Conquerour as he pleaseth to further good or bad We see also here as formerly His Majestie in respect of the Duke of Wimar his power in those Quarters which in effect is great appointed him Stat-houlder and supreame Commissioner in His Majesties absence in governing the Countrie and in strengthening the Armie by leavying of forces of horse and foote being a fit man for such employment that part of the Country being the most populous part in Germanie and cheapest to entertaine them through the fertilitie of ground in those parts rendering increase beyond any part of lower Germanie The twentieth Dutie discharged of our March towards Wurtzburg in Franconia THE twenty-six of September his Majestie divided the Armie in two Deales or parts considering the difficultie he had to march over During-vault with a strong Armie And therefore being minded to march unto Franconia to visit the Bishops of Bamberg and Wurtzburg he tooke the one halfe of the Armie with himselfe crossing over the Vault towards Konickhoffen and Swinfort and directed Lievetenant Generall Bawtish and Sir Iohn Hepburne with the other halfe of the Armie to march over the Vault unto Franconia upon Smalka and Newstat the Randezvouz appointed for the Army to meet at was Wurtzburg on the Maine being the Bishop his chiefe residence where there was a great Citie and a strong Citadell or Castle wherein lay a strong Garrison and the most part of the riches of the Country being esteemed by them as impregnable in respect of the Situation being seated on a high hill unaccessible save onely from the Towne so that it was hard to doe it any hurt by Cannon being so strong by nature and fortified with divers out-workes on the accessible side that lay to the Citie The Army thus divided and marching alike to one centre or Randezvouz his Majestie was provided to take in the strengths that lay in his way and Bawtizen and Hepburne had Orders to bring under Contribution such Cities as they marched on as they did His Majestie tooke in his way Konickhoffen by accord being strong and having beset it with a Garrison he marched from thence to Swinfort and tooke it in also and having beset it with a Garrison the Burgers being made to give their Oath of fidelitie Duke Ernest of Wymar was appointed Statholder over Franconia In this time we marched over the Vault to Smalka and from thence to Newstat Milerstad Gemond and Carlestat on the Maine The first night we quartered on the side of the Vault next unto Franconia in a Citie called Smalka where we were well quartered and the next morning we marched to Mainigen from thence to Mellerstat and then to Newstat on the Salt from thence to Hamelburg from thence to Gemond and from Gemond to Carlstat and these six Cities we tooke in by accord and having gotten a Composition of moneys of them they being sworne to give their obedience unto his Majestie having quartered in them as we past they were free paying the moneys they had promised and the monethly Contribution In this march though the Generall Lievetenant commanded in chiefe and made the Accord most to his owne advantage having got of these Townes above fiftie thousand Dollers whereof he made neither accompt to his Majestie nor yet was he any wayes beneficiall to the Colonells who did the service but put all in his owne purse neither yet did he acknowledge Sir Iohn Hepburne with the least token of his bountie whose merit at this time was not inferiour to his owne His Majesty having taken in Swinsort and beset it he continued his march to Wurtzburg and coming before the Towne he summoned them to render whereupon they did send Father Ogleby Abbot of the Scots Cloyster at Wurtzburg to capitulate with his Majestie in the behalfe of the Burgers who got granted unto them the like accord as was made with Erfort in all degrees the accord subscribed his Majestie entered the Towne the same day that our forces arrived at Carlstat being within two miles of them that night The Citie given over the Castle refusing to heare of any Treatie they begunne from the Castle-workes to plague his Majesties Armie with Cannon where ever they could lie or stand within or without the Citie on either side of the Maine they were cruelly tormented by the enemies Cannon so that at last it went on in earnest on both sides for his Majestie having had intelligence that Generall Tilly with a strong Armie of fiftie thousand men being joyned with the Duke of Loraine were coming for the reliefe of the Castle his Majestie resolved that taking of time was best and that it behooved him on the sudden to have it or not at all This Castle being a strong Strength sequestred on a height from the Towne and the Souldiers as they retired from the Towne they did breake off one Arch of the Bridge to hinder his Majesties passage over the Bridge unto the Castle being the onely way he could get to it and the Castle-workes did so command the Bridge that a single man could not passe over without great danger of life being the whole Bridge did lie open just under the Castle where there was one long plancke laid over the broken Arch being distant in height from the water neere eight fathom so that it seemed a hazard or torment to any man to passe over alongst the plancke where some valourous Officers and Souldiers would rather adventure to goe before the mouth of the Cannon than to crosse over the plancke though there were no danger of the enemies Cannon or Musket which still played furiously on that passe of the Bridge to hinder his Majesties Souldiers in setting over where at first two valourous Gentlemen of our Nation being brethren were killed on the Bridge viz. Sir Iames Ramsey his Major called Bothwell and his brother Neverthelesse before our coming from Carlstat being within two miles his Majestie had ingaged the rest of our Country-men that were with him on this piece of service being the most desperate and of the greatest importance that was ever done in Dutchland during the continuance of the warres And therefore Sir Iames Ramsey and Sir Iohn Hamilton were made choice of with their Regiments by his Majestie who knew both their worth and valour being perswaded if they refused it none would undertake the service after them the passage being so dangerous and of such hazard that without great difficultie there was no probabilitie to gaine much credit there and his Majestie resolved except those Cavaliers with their followers would make way to others the wished event could not be hoped for at that time seeing the enemy was within
those he commands ought to give the like obedience unto him though strangers as if absolutly they were of his owne Regiment and his care for them should be as for himselfe He ought also at the undertaking of the command or charge over them to foresee to be sufficiently provided of all things necessary for such service as he is commanded on of Amunition spades shovels materialls for his Cannon and Pettards with his Guides to convey him from one place to another till he come to the end of his intended march doing all things by wise and deliberate stedfastnesse in Command without wavering not altering his Orders as he must answer to his Generall to whom he is to give account and his best is to have his Orders in writing that in case of variance betwixt Commanders Writing may beare him thorough when Orders by mouth will be denied neither ought he in his command to be timorous or rash but rather resolute and remisse as occasion offers and on occasions apart when his Command must be relative to anothers direction that is but subordinate to a Generall he must deliberat wisely what to doe and he must foresee the best and worst of things but having once deliberated let him be as resolute in the execution as he can Likewise here we see in the Rhinegrave a rare example both of remisnesse and courage in one person For first being made forescene of the enemies comming he shewed his remisnesse having refused to give eare to the severall advertisments till in th' end he was pursued unawares and then he did testifie his inward courage and resolution in charging the enemy being three Regiments with foure troopes putting them to a retreat Neverthelesse we see him alike beholden to the Rut-master for his advertisment as for his safe retreat having first and last suffered the dint of the enemies Armes on him and houlding it off his Commander A brave example to be imitated and followed of all Cavaliers that would gaine honour and reputation The twenty sixth Duty discharged of the accidents occurred in our warres during our lying in Mentz THIS following discourse being no direct part of the discharge of duty intended of the Regiment neverthelesse for lacke of emploiment in my calling at that time being idle in Garrison I remarked so farre as I could by report the actions of others as they occurred then being out of action my selfe yet I can affirme what I relate will be found true if not let me be no more blamed than those that gave the intelligence His Majesty having gone to meete the Queene being come from Leipsigh to Hanow the twenty second of Ianuary 1632. his Majesty conveyed the Queene to Francfurt where all the Cannons went off after their entries At this time also the Rex-chancellour Oxensterne came from Spruce conveyed by our countriman Sr. Patrick Ruthven then eldest Colonell of Scots under his Majesty being then Governour of Mariburg and Colonell of a Dutch Regiment lay there with whom did come froÌ„ Spruce Lievetenant Colonel Hugh Hamilton who was Lievetenant Colonell then to Sr. George Cuningham his Regiment of Scots that lay in Spruce Captaine Mongomery came also with them who soone after was made Lievetenant Colonell to a free Squadron of foote and after that was killed in combat on horsbacke by the Generall Quarter-master Bullion at first Captaine under me At this time also came with him Quarter-master Sandelence who afterwards was Captaine Major and Lievetenant Colonell having ascended by degrees according to worth and deserving The Chancellor being come his Majesty and he sat ordinarily all day in counsell treating on weighty matters At which time the Cullens Ambassadour was treating apart with his Majesty for neutrality affirming he had given no assistance to the last League neither yet was he of the League As also he affirmed that at the last Westphalia convention he refused assistance to the rest of the League his Majesty replied to the Cullens Ambassadour how hardly and unchristianly they had dealt with the Evangelists Stends worse thâ—n if they had bin Iewes or Turkes in taking their Churches from them and in banishing themselves Neverthelesse there were some Articles proposed unto them concerning the Neutrality viz. First of all molesting the Evangelists under whatsoever pretence to be abolished and put away Secondly the free liberty of the Religion to be granted and suffered and that the Students of the Religion should be taken aswelâ— in the Colleges as the Papists Thirdly in all Cities the Evangelists to be as free to traffique as the Papists Fourthly they should give no assistâ—nce unto the Kings Majesties enemies nor no contribution nor Bills to answer monies on exchange Fifthly to give free passage through their land aswell to his Majesties Army as to his enemies not to hiâ—der them of it both alike Sixthly that his Majesty of Swedens servants should have the Passes opâ—n when they pleased to passe and repasse Seaventhly that his Majesties Agents might lie at Cullen to see the Neutrality were justly observed Eigthly that his Majesty of Sweden his friends and confederats should have free traffique in their Townes and Territoriâ—s The Cullens Ambassadour returned from Francfurt with these sleight points to be granted by their Bishop The Swedens were come so neere Cullen that the Superiours were reprehended for it by the Clergy out of the Pulpits for giving such liberty to Hereticks to come againe so neere unto their jurisdictions By this time the Landgrave of Hessen with his Army being neere ten thousand strong of horse and foote for our assistance did lie on the other side of the Rhine over against us and from thence they fell strong on the Spaniards which were in Rinâ—koe making them also quit those parts and the inhabitants for feare forsaking their houses his Majesty promised them his gracious protection to stay and remaine in their houâ—es they paying their weekely contribution which they payed before to the Bishop of Mentz Being here also at Mentz the French Ambassadour I did see get audience The reason of his coming being to shew his Majesty of Sweden that the Kings Majesty of France was offended his Majesty of Sweden had crost the Rhine against his paction and confederacy made with the King of France and therefore desired he should retire againe with his Army His Majesty answered he did but prosecute his enemy and if his Mâ—jesty of France was offended he could not helpe it and those that would make him retire over the Rhine againe it behooved them to doe it with the sword in their hand for otherwise he was not minded to leave it but to a stronger if his Majesty of France should anger him much he knew the way to Paris and he had hungry Souldiers would drinke wine and eate with as good a will in France as in Germany Therefore he hoped his Majesty would be better advised in sending the next Ambassage in milder termes This interchange of message went betwixâ— them till at
last they were setled on secondary conditions of a new League offensive and defensive At this time the Fâ—lt-marshalâ— Gustavus Horne tooke in Mergenhem on the Sawler streame Hailburne on the Necker Wmpviniphen and Necker Olin. Likewise Kunickstene in the Vetro was taken in by accord after Mentz as also the Spaniard left Vieitzler and Geylhousen leaving them both unto the Sweden without shot of Musket or Cannon His Majesty at this time caused publish an Edict where all Marchants of whatsoever Religion or Nation they were of should be free to passe and repasse with their goods to the Francforder Masse and that none of his Majesties Army of whatsoever condition they were either of horse or foote should trouble them under paine of death where the concealer of the wrong being got notice of should be punished to death as the Actor Likewise the twelfth of Ianuary Babenhousen was taken in by accord by his Majesties order and direction and in the end of December Manhem was taken in by Duke Barnard of Wymar having surprized their guards where about two hundred and fifty were cut off of the strangers and quarters and service given to the Dutch where a Captaine and his Ensigne were taken prisoners and let loose againe for the paiment of their Ransome and being come to Heidelberg they were executed by the Governours direction there for over-seeing their duties and these of the League lying at Heidelberg were mightily troubled with the neerenesse of the Swedens neighbour-hood having gotten Manhâ—m their passage unto the Rhine was altogether cut off from them Likewise the Spaniard did quit Garmarsham and retiring to Franckendale they had no more in the Paltz but that and Heidelberg His Majesty wonderfully having gotten in Creutznach and the Castle Where the valorous courage of my Lord Craven a Noble and worthily renowned English Lord was to his great commendation taken notice of by both the Kings For he out of affection and desire to advance the cause following his Majesty of Bohemia of worthy memory at the storming of the workes at Creutznach in sight of his Majesty of Sweden leading up his Company of Voluntiers to the good example of others gave outward testimony of his inward courage in so much that his Majesty of Sweden and all the beholders openly extolled his Lordships noble praise-worthy carriage for having endeavoured so farre as lay in him on this exploit to make his memory out-live himselfe As afterward his Lordship did shew his prowesse Heroicke spirit at the intaking of Donavert Where he did merit so much that I having reason to have said more could say no lesse His worth being knowne his affection to the cause his respects to his Majesty of Bohemia whom he followed merits a well deserving reward from his Majesties Royall Issue Before Creutznach Lievetenant Colonell Talbot was killed and the worthy Captaine Dowglas was shot in the arme Colonell Alexander Ramsey was placed Governour of Creutznach by his Majesty of SwedeÌ„ as a beginning of reward for his old service attendance who loved nothing better than nobly and kindly to entertaine his friends and strangers being the common receptacle and refuge of all his Country-men that liked to honour him with their company As also he was most willing to entertaine and respect strangers of the best quality and most of all he was peremptory in maintaining his Countries credit obliging all Cavaliers to his power but most unwilling to be beholden to others carrying still a noble minde At this time his Majesty being in Mentz Bingen Baghâ—rach on the Rhine and Shaule were taken in by Scalade with a surprise by the Scots of Sir Iames Ramseys Regiment where those within were thrice stronger than those pursued them but being once entred the Towne the Inhabitants assisting the Scots they put all to the sword except the Officers that were taken Prisoners by Major Hanan a Gentleman of much worth valour and discretion in Command whose losse was much lamented he having died soone after of a Consumption was much regrated of all his acquaintance and of my selfe in particular being my old Camerade At this time also the Towne of Spier came under his Majesties protection and devotion and leavied three Companies for his Majesties service Landaw also and Crowneweâ—senburg did become good Swedens Landstall was taken in also by storme through the helpe of the Country Boores shortly after was Elwangen Oberwesell Papart and Lovensteene taken in by accord Also the Castle of Erenfells and the Towle-house over against Bingen was taken in by the Landgrave of Hessens folke By this time was Damets in Maclenburg given over by Accord unto Generall Major Lowhowsen as also Wesmer on the Baltick Coast was taken in by Accord the tenth of Ianuary 1632. And the Garrison marched out three thousand strong being commanded by Colonell Grame who having buried some Cannon robbed the shippes and tooke away against Accord a number of Armes Likewise on his march unto Silesia he killed a Swedens Lievetenant but being followed the Swedens at the command of Generall Tott Generall Major Lowhowsen having ovâ—rtaken them five hundred were killed and two thousand taken prisoners that tooke service and Colonell Grame was sent prisoner to Gripswald to remaine there till further tryall By this time also Generall Tott his Army marched over the Elve towards Luneburg being neere foureteene thousand strong of foote and horse under whom were severall Scots Regiments come from Scotland the Harvest before viz. Sir Iames Lumsdells Regiment to whom Robert Stewart was Lievetenant Colonell The Master of Forbesse his Regiment to whom Sir Arthur Forbesse was Lievetenant Colonell Sir Frederick Hamiltons Regiment to whom Alexander Cunningham was Lievetenant Colonell Colonell Astins English Regiment to whem Vavezer was Lievetenant Colonell Colonell Monro of Obstell his Regiment to whom Iohn Monro was Lievetenant Colonell and a Squadron of English commanded by Lievetenant Colonell Mon-Gorge being the Remainder of Sir Thomas Conwayes Regiment and Colonell Robert Lesly his old Regiment of Scots Generall Tott his Army being over the Elve Colonell Ryneaker and Curmago did gather all the Emperialists and those of the League out of all other Garrisons towards Stoade and Bukstihoode to defend themselves where leaving them to some other penne to write of I returne to the Rhine His Majesty being making preparation towards the Danube to visit the Byerforst and Tillie where I minde to follow out my march our idle time being almost spent His Majestie did write unto the States of Holland to draw sooner unto the fields than their custome was to hinder the Spaniards from sending forces unto Dutchland which letters mooved the States to give out Edicts that all Regiments and Companies should be complete under paine of cashiering to draw to the fields against the first of March By this time his Majesty of France having a strong Army together on the borders of Dutchland the Catholique League did what they could to put his Majestie of France by
which were presently chased away taking their Retreate unto Walestines Leaguer which done Duke Barnard of Wyâ—ar and Generall Banier continued the Armies march being thirtie thousand strong through the fields towards a Dorpe called Grossâ—roote and draws up in Battaile in plaine Champaigne halfe a mile from the enemies Leaguer his Majestie then marching out of his Leaguer with the Armie from Swyno towards Clyneroote incontinent presented himselfe in Battaile before the enemies Leaguer but the Emperialists unwilling to be seene in the fields they kept themselves close within their Leaguer playing on us with their Cannon having done no more hurt than the killing of one Constable and a few Souldiers and we attending their resolution and out-coming enterprized nothing all day but stood ready in Battaile till night that the foote Briggads had orders to advance within Cannon reach of their Leaguer where our Batteries were ordained to be made all in Front as our Armie stood alongst the face of the enemies Leaguer where we had cast up a running trench before the front of our Armie from the right hand to the left going from one Battery to another on which Batteries were planted seventy-two pieces of Cannon great and small well guarded with strong guards of Musketiers and Pikemen the Briggads lying ready at hand to relieve them in time of need and our horse-Briggads being appointed without them to stand in readinesse for to second the foote The day peeping the Emperiall Generalls were saluted with a salve of Cannon which untimely stirred some from their rest making them retire unto their Strengths not having the courage to shew their faces in the fields This service of Cannon having continued the whole day in the night the Emperialists retired their Forces towards their workes on the old hill being mighty strong on that quarter so that there was no possibility to harme them any more with Cannon His Majestie thinking if it were possible to get in the hill he was then able to beate the enemy out of his Leaguer and therefore in the night gave Orders to draw off the Cannon from the Batteries and having the Armie in readinesse we marched in the night through Furt towards the other side of the enemies Leaguer of intention to take in the hill and then to beate them out of their Leaguer and his Majestie having got intelligence the enemy had marched away and left but a Reare-guard on the Hill to make his Retreate good we marched neere the Hill and drew up in Battaile alongst the side of it horse foote and Cannon by seven of the Clocke in the morning where incontinent on slight information his Majestie resolved in earnest to pursue the Hill Duke William of Wymar then Lievetenant Generall next unto his Majestie had the command of the Armie Generall Banier had the Command of the foote and Duke Barnard of Wymar Commanded the Horse Colonell Leonard Richardson had the Command of the Artillery divers other Cavaliers of note were ordained to attend his Majestie for giving assistance in Command to be directed by his Majestie as occasion offered such as Grave Neeles a Sweden then Generall Major of foote Generall Major Boetius a Dutch Sir Iohn Hepburne then having left command of the Briggad being out of employment he attended his Majestie Generall Major Rusteine being then Stallemaster to his Majestie attended also Generall Major Striffe commanded the Horse next to Duke Barnard The Armie thus in Battaile and the whole Officers of the field attending his Majestie and their severall Charges the service being but begunne Generall Banier was shot in the Arme and so retired Generall Major Rusteine being also shot did retire incontinent his Majestie commanded strong parties of commanded Musketiers out of all Briggads led by a Colonell a Lievetenant Colonell and a competent number of other inferiour Officers to leade on the partie towards the Hill to force a passage or entry unto the enemies workes which being hardly resisted the service went on cruell hot on both sides so that the parties were no sooner entered on service but it behooved the reliefes to be incontinent ready to second them death being so frequent amongst Officers and Souldiers that those who were hurt rejoyced having escaped with their lives seeing in effect the service desperate on our side losing still our men without gaining any advantage over our enemies being alwayes within their close workes while as we both Officers and Souldiers stood bare and naked before them as markes to shoot at without any shelter whatsoever but the shadow of some great trees being in a wood so that we lost still our best Officers and Souldiers while as the basest sort durst not lift head in the storme The service continued in this manner the whole day so that the Hill was nothing els but fire and smoke like to the thundering Echo of a Thunder-clap with the noise of Cannon and Musket so that the noise was enough to terrifie Novices we losing still our best Souldiers grew so weake in the end that the Briggads of foote had scarce bodies of Pikemen to Guard their Colours the Musketiers being almost vanished and spent by the continuance of hot service where the service was not alone amongst the foote in pursuing of the hill but also about the hill without the wood on the wings the horse men furiously charged one another being also well seconded by Dragoniers and Musketiers that did come on fresh with the reliefes By one a clocke in the afternoone Duke William of Wymar commanded me being the first service I was on as Colonell for my credit to goe towards the Poste on the hill where the Grave â—on Torne was shot and to command those five hundred Musketiers I taking leave of my Camerades went to the Poste and finding the place warme at my coming divers Officers and Souldiers lying bloudy on the ground I went first and ordered the Souldiers on the Poste to my judgment as most to our advantage for our safeties and the harming of our enemies and perceiving the enemy sometimes to fall out with small Plottons of Musketiers to give fire on us and to spie our actions returning againe as their powder was spent to trap them the next time I advanced a Sergeant with twenty foure Musketiers to lie in Ambush to attend on their next out-coming which they perceiving came out no more but one single man to spie I retiring againe to my maine reserve to direct others sometimes standing sometimes walking and being taken notice of as a chiefe Officer the enemy commanded out a single man with a long peece who from a tree aiming at me shot me right above the Hanch-bone on the left side which lighted fortunatly for me on the Iron clicket of my hanger which cut close the Iron away taking the force from the Bullet which being battered flat with the Iron entred not above two inches in my side where I found a little Armes of proofe being well put on most commodious
being going before their enemie to fight a thing very disallowable in either Officer or Souldier to preferre a little money to a world of credit It is a great part of a Colonels dutie timely to foresee for all things necessary that may give content to those under his command lest being justly discontented he might be greived whiles it were not in his power to helpe himselfe or others The liberality of a Colonell and his care in fore-seeing for his Regiment returnes to him oftimes with triple profit being with moderation familiar with his Officers making them as humble friends not as servant under command and he ought by all meanes eschewe to come in question or publique hearing with his Officers the onely meanes to make himselfe famous and his Regiment of long continuance The third dutie discharged of our Marâ—â— from the Waser towards Bysenbourg on the Elve HAving thus remained the space of ten weekes under the command of Generall Morgan on the Waser side we got orders to breake up and to continue our march over the Elve under Hamburgh and from thence toward Bysenbourg Skonce to joyne with the rest of our Regiment the Colonell and Lievetenant Colonell being absent Major Iames Dumbar commanded then in chiefe receiving all necessaries fitting for our march as ammunition proviant and waggons for our baggage our sicke souldiers being cared for were left behinde and we brake up from the Waser the tenth of Iuly 1627. a Regiment of Horse being commanded with us for our Convoy to the Elve the first night we quartered at Rottenburg a strong passe having a great Marrish on both sides accessible onely by one narrow causey which leades through the marrish to the Castell which is well fensed on both sides with Moates Drawbridges and slaught bomes without all The next day our march continuing in the morning our forâ— troopes having gotten Alarum retired on us whereupon we drawing into Battaile resolved to fight and provided our selves accordingly for the enemies comming which being found but a false conception nothing followed on it but the continuance of our march without further interruption The next night we lying in Quarters our Guards orderly disposed before day we had another Alarum our duety duely discharged of all both horse and foote if the enemie had come we were provided But the Alarum proving false we brake up continuing our march toward Buckstehood appointed for our first Randez-vouz where we were commanded to send to his Majestie at Stoade for receiving of further Orders and a company of Horse being directed with me for my convoy I was made choise of to go to his Majesty for bringing Orders unto the Regiment His Majesty being absent Orders were given to me by a Generall Commissary to continue our march thorough Buckstehood and to quarter over night in the old land by the Elve side till the next day we should crosse the River of the Elve at Blanckeneas and from thence to march by Hamburgh through their Territories and passe towards Lovenburgh where we quartered a mile from it continuing our march the next morning towards Bysenburgh where we quartered in the fields for five nights till we knew of his Majesties further resolution The third Observation ALl marches are occasioned by the accidents of the warfare The reason of this march was the enemies Army drawing strong â—o a head in Lâ—â—â—burgh land of intention to force a passage over the Elve to come the easier to Holsten his Majestie being weake of foote in this quarter having no great feare of his enemie on the Waser where we lay before we were therefore called to joyne with the rest of our Regiment at Bysenburgh Another reason of this march was the Kings forces in Silesia being also weake of Foote standing in great neede of a timely supply we being able to endure a long march his Majesty resolved after besetting well the passe on the Elve to send us for a supplie unto the Silesian Armie Neverthelesse many times we see in warres though things be long advised on and prosecuted after advise duely yet the event doth not alwayes answer to mans conjectures For it is a true old saying Man proposeth but God disposeth A Commander having the charge of a Regiment or partie on a march ought in all respects to be as carefull and diligent as a Generall that leads an Army being subject to the like inconvenience of fortune Wherefore he ought to be well provided of all things fitting for his march that in time of Rancounter with the enemy he might the better discharge his duty especially being provided with good store of Ammunition both for the mouth and service with sufficient fix Armes He ought also for his march ever to have good intelligence left his enemie should circumvent him He ought also to order his march according to the countries scituation he marches thorough appointing his Randez-vouz nightly short or long as his Quarters may fall in best security He ought also to keepe his Officers and Souldiers in continuall good order of discipline without suffering the one or the other to fall off from their Stations without great and urgent occasions and if any of them chance to fall off he is obliged to foresee to their timely returnes Likewise he ought not in any manner of way suffer violence to be used to Boores or strangers in his march and if such doth happen he is obliged to do justice to all and to see examplarie punishment done to terrifie others from the like He ought also to be carefull to give none under his command just occasion of complaint for want of their dues either in quarters or in distributing of their victualls according to their strengths He ought also on his march to be provident in causing to bring their Proviant timely to their Randevouz or Hawlts seeing it to be rightly distributed for avoiding of contentions happening most commonly at such times Also he must foresee before he makes a hawlt that the ground be convenient where he drawes up whether he be in feare of an enemie or not and at such times he must be carefull that centries be duly placed at all parts needefull and that no man be suffered to wander or go astray from the haulting part for feare he be to seeke when occasion should present either to breake up to march or otherwise in case of Alarum to have his Officers or souldiers wandering while as the enemie should charge were a grosse error Likewise he ought to be of strict command and authority to punish those that on a march leave their Armes behind them or that are carelesse in keeping their Armes both fix and cleane In quartering either in village field or Citie he must give orders for his posts to keepe Guards upon and he ought himselfe to recognize all avenues and inquire of the knowne countrimen the passes whereby his enemies may come unto him and of the distance he is from his enemy he must also direct
was tedious being in the middest of winter the wayes deepe and foule being fat clay ground the best and fertillest part in Denmark and the march was the more troublesome that we were forced in the winter â—ime to crosse the Seas over the Belt twice Marching through Langland having quartered there a night there happened an odious complaint to be made on a souldier called Mac-Myer of Monro his Company for forcing the Boores daughter where he quartered The Boore complaines to the Commissary and the Commissary to me to satisfie justice we called a Councell of warres having our Auditor with us of the Regiment Officers the businesse exactly examined according to his Majesties Articles the souldier was condemned to die and to be shot at a post to terrifie others by his example from the like hainous sinne The souldier getting time for that night to prepare himselfe for death the minister instructing him of his duety the next morning the companies drawen to Armes a Guard was directed to see the execution the souldier couragiously and Christianly resolved being tied to a post was shot dead by his camerades who without any delay executed the command laid on them by the malefactor whose Corpes was presently buried The next day having shipt we crost over unto Lowland where according to his Majesties orders we were well quartered and courteously received The Colonells company and Sr. Patrick Mac-Geys with the staffe were quartered with me in Marbo Captaine Mac-kenyee his company were quartered in Rubee and Captaine Monro his company in Necoppine where the Queene mother did remaine The tenth Observation HEre I did observe that wisdome and vertue were the best Guards of safety the one securing the soule the other the estate and body For this magnanimous and wise King by his fore-sight and wisdome did prevent the evill by a timely fore-sight which his enemies might have brought upon this Isle of Lowland being the richest part within the Kingdome for corne a Magazin and a Garner for forraine countries It abounds also in all sorts of fishes the Ponds belong to the Gentry making great commodity of their fish being sold in the Cities and country that are not Licentiat to have the like of their owne The Gentry of this land are much given to policy and oeconomy following the example of their King having great stalles and stables containing above foure hundred Oxen and their stables some threescore horses being well fed and made lusty they are sold to the Germaines which yeerely brings unto the gentility great store of money this Iland abounds in Deere and wilde soule This country is also plentifull of wood for building of ships where his Majesty every yeare hath some builded by his owne master builder a worthy gentleman begotten of Scots Ancesters called Mr. Sinclaire who speakes the Scottish tongue and is very courteous to all his countrimen which come thither The Citizens also of this Iland being very rich build ships for their owne use and some they sell unto strangers My hoste the Burgomaster of Marbo sometime furnish'd his Majesty for building of his ships to a reckoning of one hundred thousand Rex Dolors so that in a word in this little I le of Lowland I did observe vertue to be habituall in it and so was the peoples goodnesse distributive unto us and our souldiers so that during our residence there we were so welcome that all things smil'd upon us where it was my fortune one night to have gotten his Majesty to be my Ghuest having then my quarter in the Burgomasters house and though he was a King I perswade my selfe he was contented with his entertainment being both good and rare whereof truely I had a good deale but my Ghuest departed by three of the clocke in the morning without bidding me farewell yet being his Majesties will I was well pleased having sate up all night I was not for attendance in the morning which his Majesty at his departure gratiously did excuse To returne then to my observation I did see and learne here the truth of that proverbe in his Majesties person that the wise man only is the cunningst fencer no man can give a blow so soone or ward and keepe himselfe so safely as the wise man and nothing is to be placed above him but God the King of Kings and giver of wisdome To live is common to be wise and good particular and granted to a few many I see with for honour for wealth for friends for fame for pleasure I desire but those two vertue and wisdome which both I saw in this Magnanimous King and in his country people following his Majesties example We find no a mâ—â— that the world ever had so plentifull in all things as was Solomon yet his request was but one of these two though indeed it include â—â—â—he other for without vertue wisdome is not or if it be it undoes us at last and to returne to my observation in my judgement it may be said of this Magnanimous King as was said of Caesar Semi-Deus est for as he is valiant so he is learned Ex utroque Rex being valiant and wise a Prince of an excellent spirit capable of all good things as I have seene and observed in him he is learned in the liberall sciences and understands well the Mathematicks and the practise of fortifications as a souldier studied in the Lawes joyning Armes with Iustice two great helpes for the governement of a Princely dignity he handles well his Armes and is expert in riding of horses a strong man for wrestling as all Europâ— affords able for â—o give strokes and the levellest shooter with a peece that ever I did see for with a pistoll he never misses a dogge in the head he shoots at for experience in warfare nothing inferiour to the greatest Captaines we reade of easie to come to and very affable patient to beare with heate cold hunger and most durable in travell and if I were to wish for the personage of a man mine eyes did never see his like for a stately majesticke person whom ever I will greatly respect and love for the good received and shall be ever ready to serve him against all his enemies my Gracious Soveraigne onely excepted and his deerest Sisters Royall Issue to whom I have vowed my best service Here also in this Kingdome I did observe that there is nothing mooves subjects more to obedience then the opinion they conceive of their Princes care and diligence in the conservation of his Kingdome and subjects and experience teacheth us that the obedience due to Kings by their subjects is weake if it be not grounded on feare and respective revâ—rence As authority is gotten by honourable and convenient carriage so oftimes we see it is lost by evill carriage So that all greatnesse destitute of vertue doth vanish in an instant and therefore the Poets did say that honour and reverence were the children begotten of Majestie and authority the example wherof we
by his Majestie in all haste to ship three Companies and to goe with them for the reliefe of Trailesound I being appointed to stay for the other Companies comming they being come to Alshenure were shipped also and arriving at Copemanhagen it behoved me in all haste to ship and follow the Lievetenant Colonell for reliefe of Trailesound being hard beleager'd where I entred the twenty-eight of May and was no sooner drawne up in the Market place but presently we were sent to watch at Franckendore to relieve the other Division that had watched three dayes and three nights together uncome off that being the weakest part of the whole Towne and the onely poste pursued by the enemy which our Lievetenant Colonell made choice of being the most dangerous for his Countries credit where we watched fortie eight houres together till we were relieved againe by the other Division and so Singulis noctibus per vices during six weekes time that my cloathes came never off except it had beene to change a suite or linnings The fifteenth Observation THis Towne of Trailesound being hard beleager'd by the Emperialists they desired humbly the protection and assistance of his Majestie of Denmarke which was willingly granted unto them having accorded on their Conditions his Majestie made choice of our Regiment to be sent thither having had sufficient proofe of our former service in his Majesties presence and under command of others his Majesties Generalls So that before others we were trusted on this occasion where we did come with a timely reliefe to those Burgers that were wearied and toyled with watching and also hurt by their enemies whom they had beaten from their walles twice before our coming In this accident which hapned in Zeland betwixt the Boores and our Souldiers we may see the Antipathy that is betwixt Souldiers and Boores where the one cannot with patience indure the sight of the other without some present jarre so that it were impossible to make them agree together if Military Discipline were not strictly observed and the transgressours exemplarily punished Here also I cannot omit the over-sight committed by those Belly-gods the CoÌ„missaries that serve the publique State worst yet are oft-times best recompenced whose neglect on this March was the cause of shedding the innocent bloud of the poore Labourers and of the Souldiers also and it was pittie such a King should entertaine so many of this sort of belly-gods that studied nothing so much as to fill their own Coffers and to raise their houses without any care had of the Publique Weale Here also I cannot allow of that vaine custome amongst the Officers that will make a bad choice for a little ostentive credit having the good in their election to make choice of the worst for in occasions against our enemies we should rather take all advantages as of strength of ground of Sunne and winde and shall he not be thought yet unwiser who may be the Instrument to save his people on service that willingly will make choice of a place to lose them No menagrie in my opinion comparable to that which spares the lives of men from losing and I perswade my selfe I need not insist in this reprehension seeing the actor though out of time was sorrowfull enough for his evill choice Here also I did observe that frequent danger doth encourage the feeblest Souldier who by daily dangers and the familiaritie made with death in stepping every day over the bodies of dead men who perhaps never before had seene one die naturally much lesse to see daily and hourely examples of violent death learning wit by by-past losses and experience had in the exercise of our Calling being hardned with toyle and travell Therefore in my judgement no man is more worthy of the name of a Souldier than he that indures best wearisome toyle and travell in this honourable Calling not withdrawing the shoulder but by pushing it forwards couragiously having once begun for though in all affaires of this kinde the beginnings seeme hard and difficult yet soone after we finde it lighter according to the measure of our advancement and reward in the end we enjoy still the greater contentment as became of me the first time my friends led me up a steepe hill when my breath begun to faile me looking behinde and seeing what way I had put by the rest to the top of the hill seemed nothing unto me being so neare the end of my travell but was pleasant rather than tedious And therefore we use to say He that beginneth well hath halfe ended At our entry in this Towne our travell and toyle once begun continued night and day for six weekes till we grew hard with travell yet not hard as many of the Dutch that are hard against the Musket Bullet this proofe we lacked He that shews himselfe honest in his calling and Travells the Travell passeth the honestie remaineth But on the contrary when we have taken delight in evill the delight passeth and the evill remaineth Happie therefore are those who travell in well-doing for when the paines are gone then doe they enjoy the pleasure We reade of Cincinnatus brought from the plough to the Senate to be made Consull for his Travell the like we reade of Quintus taken from his plough to be Consull also a great change No wonder then to take a man from the plough to be a Souldier as the Porter of Fowles called Mac-Weattiche who in this Towne of Trailesound did prove as valiant as a sword fearing nothiâ—g but discredit and the down-looke or frowne of his Officers lest he should offend them The sixteenth Dutie discharged of our Watches and Accidents that occurred in this Towne before the Enemy did storme our Workes THE twenty-eight of May 1628 not without danger both by water and from laâ—d we entred the Towne of Trailesound the Emperiall Armie lying before it having their batteries neere the water at our in-coming they shot our Mast having grounded before our in-coming we ranne the hazard both of drowning and killing but being againe without hurt come off our Camerades wearied of watching immediatly after our entry we relieved the watch at Franckendor being the onely Poast in the Towne most pursued by the enemy The order of our watch was after this manner of the seaven Companies one Company watched still on the Island before the Towne called the Hollomne the other three Companies were ordained by foure a clocke afternoone to parade in the Market place and afterwards to march to their Poâ—st at Franckendor without the walles on scurvie outworkes which were but slightly fortified with a dry Moate the enemy lying strong before us and approaching neare we fearing a sudden on-fall those that were relieved of the watch by five of the clocke were ordained againe to meet by nine of the clocke at night and to watch againe on the by-watch till foure of the clocke in the morning whereof the one halfe were appointed to lie in readinesse at their Armes without
night the enemy might enter the walles being thus doubtfull on both sides the enemy sends a Trumpeter to know if they will treate for conditions our Lievetenant Colonell having the command for the time in Colonell Holke his absence I thinke was glad of the offer to prolong time till his Majesty of Denmark might send a fresh supply Pledges delivered hinc inde a still-stand or cessation of Armes was concluded on by both parties for a fortnights time then Articles were drawne up to be advised on which continued in advising certaine dayes in the end the treaty being almost agreed on to the subscription orders come to our Lievetenant Colonell to dissolve the treaty seeing his Majesty of Denmark had folke in readinesse to come in all haste with Colonell Holke for their reliefe Whereupon my Lord Spynie a Scots Noble man with his Regiment with sufficient provision of money and Amunition were sent unto the Towne and being entred the treaty was rejected and made voide At this time also Sr. Alexander Lesly an expert and a valorous Scots Commander with some Swedens forces was sent to governe the Towne his Majesty of Sweden having condescended with his Majesty of Denmark that his Majesty of Denmark should dismisse the protection of Trailesound in favour of his Majesty of Sweden and to that effect the Danes forces should be drawne out of the Garrison for to give place to the Swedens in the meane time the command was turned over upon Sr. Alexander Lesly whom Colonell Holke did assist with the Danes forces till they were removed the absolute command being given to Sr. Alexander Lesly as Governour for his Majesty of Sweden In time of the still-stand I tooke a foare losse under my Lievetenant Colonell his hand seale to goe by Sea to Copmanhagen to be cured there seeing no Chirurgian in Trailesound would undertake to cut the bullet out of my knee without hazarding me to be same which to prevent I choosed rather though with infinite paine to keepe the bullet a fortnight till I came to Copmanhagen where happily I found better cure The eighteenth Observation TWo things we must respect so long as we live our inward integrity and our outward uprightnesse our piety towards God and our reputation amongst men the one makes our life famous the other our death happy so both together bring credit to the name and felicity to the soule Then whensoever our breath is made but aire we shall be blessed leaving a sweete odour behinde us and men will regrate our losse as at this time they did our hurt He whom before I was wont to obey and visite came now and visited me I not being able to stirre my Lievetenant Colonell came to comfort me having neede to be comforted himselfe by good advise how to defend the workes the second night a generall feare having possessed the hearts both of Burgers and Souldiers and I to encourage him did tell him a story of Augustus the Emperour who being neere death commanded that after his decease all his friends should clap their hands and laugh unfainedly as the custome was when a Comedy was well acted even so said I though I was sorry at our losse yet I was glad for being hurt when I looked to be kill'd and having acted my part of the play for that time and retired off the Stage all I could doe was but to minde my Camerads of their duties In the meane time the Enemies cannon having shot foure great bullets of a hundred and sixty pound weight out of morters through the top of my lodging even to the bottome where I did lie affrighting me still when my feete were not able to shift away my body yet recommending my soule to God I resolved he was well guarded whom the Lord had a care of and having delivered me from many dangers I still confided he would not suffer me to be smother'd under walles For which and all his blessings I doe infinitly thanke his Majesty in giveing me time to doe any thing that may please his Majesty for my deliverance To make my Lievetenant Colonell laugh I did tell him a story of a vision that was seene by a Souldier of the Colonells company that morning before the enemy did storme being a predictive dreame and a true One Murdo Mac-claude borne in Assen a Souldier of a tall stature and valiant courage being sleeping on his watch awakened by the breake of day and jogges two of his Camerades lying by him who did finde much fault with him for sturring of them he replied before long you shall be otherwise sturred a Souldier called Allen Tough a Loghaber-man recommending his soule to God asked him what he had seene who answered him you shall never see your country againe the other replyed the losse was but small if the rest of the company were well he answered no for there was great hurt and death of many very neere the other asked againe whom had he seene more that would dye besides him sundry of his Camerades he tould by name that should be killed the other asked what would become of himselfe he answered he would be killed with the rest in effect he describeth the whole Officers by their cloathes that should be hurt a pretty quicke boy neere by asked him what would become of the Major meaning me he answered he would be shot but not deadly and that the boy should be next unto me when I were hurt as he was This discourse ended I wished my Lievetenant Colonell to set all care aside and to looke to himselfe and to the credit of his Nation in maintaining of the place till the reliefe should come and so we parted Here I did observe that no city be it never so strong or so well beset nor no Armour be it of what proofe it will is able to encourage a fearefull heart as in this City and at this time were many of the Burgars Souldiers strangers Officers of women and children who were tormented by the feare of death and of their meanes whose feare was generally so great that they were bereft both of wisdome and courage as people given over so that their feare in some sort did frustrate their lawfull defences the like I did never see neither wish to see againe for the enemy could not though victorious put them in a worse habit nor make them seeme more miserable than I did see them at this time making themselves unfit to resist their enemies and they were all of them in mine eyes like to the sword-fish having weapons but they wanted hearts they had quaking hands without use and in a word if the enemy had seene them as I did he would rather pitty them as cowards then kill them like gallants Notwithstanding of this feare which possessed the burgars and those Souldiers that had not beene on occasion yet our Nation that are ever most couragious in greatest extremity failed nothing of their woâ—ted valour but having once retired to the Ravelin
both in peace and warre for seldome we see any goodnesse in the refusing to obey good orders And we heare ordinarily that one bad voice puts twenty out of tune and that it is the chiefe property of a good Souldier first to learne to obey well in keeping of good order and then doubtlesse in time being advanced he cannot but command well so that here in ordering of this as in all things we see vicissitudes and alterations some Regiments made up and continue in florishing order other Regiments reduced taking an end as occasion and accidents of warre doe happen Spynies Regiment was reduced and my Lord of Rhees Regiment is made up againe Where we see that as vicissitude maintaines the world even so concord is a great meanes of continuance as discord is too often of discontinuance and ruine Likewise we see that no estate is free from mutability and change which is the great Lord of the World who will be adored and followed as soone as order doth faile but where order is kept and concord as in this Regiment change hath no place to ruine though well to alter for order was so kept by this Regiment like to brave Souldiers who in a running skirmish come up discharge fall off flie and yet reinforce themselves againe having kept order in their proceedings which though now she admits of some change being reinforced againe and joyned together with the chaine of love and respect she admits of no confusion or ruine but is ready againe with her brave Souldiers being reinforced in a strong body to make head unto their enemies one day to be revenged of their former losses as God willing shall be cleered in the sequell of my discharge of dueties and observations of this new reformed body of the old Regiment My cozen Lievetenant Andrew Monro being killed in combat I have more then reason to condemne and disallow of that miserable sort of fight where oftimes the victorious puts himselfe in a worse case both of soule and body than he that is killed Yet this kinde of fighting hand to hand called Monomachia hath bin much practised both amongst Pagans and Christians even amongst all Nations as it is yet Of old it did serve for proofe of things hidden being in one rancke with the burning iron and scalding water to the end men might discerne the innocent from the guilty this kinde of violence of proofe was so common that Fronton King of Denmark made a law as reports the Saxon history that all differences whatsoever should be decided by the combat and Leoden reports that yet to this day they observe the same in Muscove But wise men finding this custome deceivable in deciding the truth and so uncertaine that many times the innocent doth succumbe and therefore it was forbidden by the civill and canon law as is evident by severall ancient constitutions inserted in the Decretalls Notwithstanding whereof amongst the Romans it became so common as to be thought but a sport which made the name of fighters esteemed of amongst the Romans as we reade in the Cod. Titulo de gladiatoribus and therefore this custome being displeasing unto the Emperour Instinian he commanded all should be subject unto the Iudge and said that valour without justice was not to be allowed of This combat betwixt those two was well fought of both in presence of many witnesses where it was thought that the Dutch-man was hard so that a sword could neither pierce him nor cut him This fashion of fighting is so common that we neede not illustrate it by examples of Histories either ancient or moderne but who so would satisfie their curiosity in this point let them but reade Preasack his Cleander 2 story well worth the reading And truely dayly experience teacheth us as in this accident that the end of combats doth shew often that he who appeales often times doth receive the reward of his temerite which might be cleâ—red by many examples amongst the ancients We have one very notable written by Quintus Curtius where Dioxippus the Athenian that brave fighter being all naked and smered over with oyle as the fashion was then with a hat of flowers on his head carrying about his left Arme a red sleeve and in the right hand a great batton of hard greene timber durst enter in combat against Horrat Macedonian carrying on his left Arme a bucler of brasse and a short pike in the right hand a jacdart-staffe as we terme it or something like it and a sword by his side at their approaching Dioxippus with a nimble slight and a pâ—etty cunning shift of his body eschewed the stabbe or thrust of the staffe and before the Macedonian could have wielded the Pike the other doth breake it in two with his cudgell and quickly closing with his adversary gives him such a knocke on the shinnes that he fell to the ground his heeles above his head tooke his sword from him and would have kill'd him with his batton had not the King saved him Thus much of combats which for my part though I cannot allow of neverthelesse I should be loath to refuse to fight in a just quarrell but would rather referre the successe to God to determine of then to let that be called in question which is dearest unto me The twenty-second Dutie discharged being the last under his Maiesties service of Denmarke of our expedition by water unto Holsten HIs Majesty being resolved in Aprill 1629 with his sword in his hand to conclude a settled and a sure peace with the Emperour or otherwise to free Holsten and Yewtland from the tyranny of the Emperiall Army and to that effect his Majesty did gather his forces together to a head in Denmark where they were to be shipp't for landing at Angle in Holsten so that orders were given to me his Majesty having provided shipping to transport our Regiment from all quarters and to meete at Angle Before our parting Captaine Forbesse of Tullough and Captaine Andrew Stewarts Companies were put on warre ships to lie before Wismar I having shipped with the rest of the Regiment we sailed unto Holâ—ten and landed at Angle where the Regiment being come together we were one thousand foure hundred strong besides Officers and having lyen at Angle till the peace was concluded his Majesty did thanke off or dismisse his Army save a few number that was kept a moneth longer till the enemy had marched out of the country we being discharged of service and having gotten our honourable passes we were directed by his Majesty to the Rex-marshall toward Fuâ—eland with orders from his Majesty that he should reckon with us and give us contentment accordingly The reckoning made we were forced to accept of two parts and to discharge the whole having made no reckoning but for us who were present leaving our Colonell being absent to make his owne reckoning thereafter with his Majesty Likewise his Majesty did give orders to the Rex-marshall to provide shipping and victuall for
our Officers and Souldiers to transport them for their country which accordingly was obeyed As also his Majesty did give orders to ordaine us both Officers and Souldiers free quarters in Alzenheur till the shipps were ready to saile So that we being free from our honourable Master his service we were ready to imbrace new conditions from a new Master The twenty-second and last Observation on our Danes service HEre concluding our Danes service we see that the end of warres is peace and that the end of this peace was the beginning of greater warre under a new Master Happy therefore is that man or that Regiment that can say while as they are thanked off we have served truely and with credit our last Master and then they may be assured of a second Master having wonne a good name as this Regiment did under his Majesty of Denmarke in whom the least omission could never be found much lesse to have committed any grosse errour worthy imputation And therefore we were Graciously dismissed and honestly rewarded according to the time Captaine Andrew Stewart brother to the noble and worthy Earle of Traquaire being soliciting businesse at Copmanhagen contracted a feaver and died there being in his Camerades absence honourably buried by the Stathoulders direction whose death as untimely was much regrated by all his Camerades he being a valorous and expert Commander Likewise Iohn Hampeseede an old true servant to my cozen the Barron of Fowles he dying of a feaver at Angle leager was honourably buried there This Danes warre thus ended was the beginning of a greater warre as is said for the Emperour in Summer 1629. The Danes peace being made in August 1629 did send assistance of men unto the Pole against his Majesty of Sweden under the command of the Felt-marshall Arnhem which the next summer did bring the sword of the Sweden against himselfe So that we see there is nothing here on earth to be expected by us more then a continuall warfare Lord therefore make us dayly to warre in that spirituall warfare serving truely the King of Kings and Lord of hosts fighting that good fight against our spirituall enemies where he that overcomes receives for a reward instead of worldly glory an immortall Crowne of Glory in the Heavens The Colonells Observation of the Kingdome of Denmarke HAving had the honour to have dined with his Majesty at his Table then in the gorgeous pleasant Palace of Freddesborree taking leave of his Majesty having kissed his hand I retired to Alzenheur where I began to thinke that this King could have said of his whole Kingdome as Scipio said you see not a man amongst all those but if I command him he will from a Turret throw himselfe into the Sea even so this Magnanimous King to my knowledge was of absolute authority in his Kingdome as all Christian Kings ought to be in theirs ever obeyed in the Lord without asking the head a reason Why doe you command us thus For we reade that the favour of the Lord was in Iuda in giving them one heart in doing and obeying the commandements of the King and of their Magistrates and Principalls as I did cleerely observe in this Kingdome of Denmarke the goodnesse of government for the florishing of the Kingdome wher 's Totus orbis componebatur ad exemplum Regis He commanding they obeyed both lived in prosperity the Ruler or King Heroick wise noble magnanimous and worthy The Gentry Citizens and Communalty obedient which made their joy and felicity to continue in despite of their mighty foes and that by reason of his Majesties Government in military discipline who doth entertaine a great number of Officers yeerely having good allowance for commanding of Souldiers trained up in peace against warre such as Colonells Lievetenant-Colonells Majors Captaines and other inferiour Officers which are still entertained at the countries charge in exercising of Souldiers for his Majesties emploiment being alike ever ready in all Provinces for peace or warre Would to God we were so well provided in our owne country at home and then we needed not to feare any forraine enemy that are enemies to God to our King and to our Religion And for the better maintaining of warre no Kingdome or King I know is better provided of a Magazin then this magnanimous King for Armes brasse ordnance whereof every yeere his Majesty doth cast above a hundred peeces being sufficiently provided of Amunition and of all sorts of fiery Engines to be used by Sea or Land together with Armour sufficient for to arme a great Armie of Horse His Majestie is also sufficiently well provided of shipping and yearely doth adde to the number which ships are built by two worthy Scottish-men called Mr. Balsoure and Mr. Sinclaire being both well accounted off by his Majestie who in like manner hath a Reprobane at Copmanhagen for making of Cords and Cables for his shipping and Kingdome where I was informed that in twenty foure houres time they were able to furnish the greatest ship the King had of Cables and of all other tackling and cordage necessary to set out the Ship Likewise by his Majesties Artizens within the Kingdome all sort of stuffes and silkes are woven sufficient to serve the Kingdome and his neighbours that please to buy Moreover this Kingdome is worthy commendation for the order of Iustice and Lawes having their Law-books deciding all controversies amongst them and if it come to any great difference the Kings Majestie as being above the Law sits in judgement as the Interpreter and Director of Iustice and according to his Princely dignity mitigates as pleaseth his Majestie the law and decides the controversie This Kingdome also is praise-worthy for the purity of their Gentry being as ancient and noble as any other Kingdome and can bragge of a purer and cleerer bloud of Gentility then many Nations can for they never ally or enter into marriage with any inferiour to themselves be they never so rich if they be Burgars or Plebeians they never marry with them and if one of their daughters will through love miscarry in her affection to marry a Citizen they will not thereafter doe so much as to honour her with their company but on the contrary shee loseth both her portion and honour not suffering her to carry the armes of her familie Moreover this Nation is praise-worthy for their entertaining of learning and of the liberall Sciences professed in their owne Vniversities where their children are well taught and trained up after a noble and heroick manner within their owne Kingdome not onely in their Studies of the liberall Sciences but also in their exercise of body as fencing dancing singing playing of Instruments and riding of horses and what else are noble Recreations as learning of forraine languages Spanish Italian French Dutch and such like and afterwards their youth being well travell'd returning from their Travells they attend on the Chancellarie as under-Secretaries to States-men to enable them to be profitable
travell in his body for the safetie of his people is commendable Page 59 Letter D. L. Lievetenant Colonell Arthur Forbesse dyed in Holstein Page 1 Letter A. A Leaders dutie set downe at large Page 8 Letter G. Lievetenant Martin killed at Bisenburg-Skonce Page 11 Letter I. Lievetenant Hugh Rosse having lost his leg wished he had a woodden Leg. Page 17 Letter P. Lievetenant Colonell Seaton shot at Ouldenburg Page 18 Letter Q. A Lievetenant and thirteen Souldiers killed with one shot of Cannon Page 6. Letter K. The Love of horses wonderfull to their Masters Page 30 Letter C. Lievetenant Colonell Seaton commended for keeping strict Discipline Page 66 Letter L. Lindesey of Bainshow a valorous Cavalier received three dangerous wounds at Trailsound Page 78 Letter C. Lievetenant Lumsdell in time of hot service desired Colonell Holk being retiring to stay and to see if the Scots durst fight Page 79 Letter D. M. Major Dumbar his custome commendable going on service Page 40 Letter L. The Majestie of a King ought never to be denyed by his subjects in things indifferent Page 1 Letter A. Major Wilson his over-sight in making his Accord lost his Colours Page 12 Letter K. The meanest things doe helpe against the Enemy as the casting of sand and Bee-hives Page 13 Letter L. Murdo Poulson killed at Ouldenburg by the Cannon Page 18 Letter Q. Mutiny should ever be detestable in all estates as amongst Souldiers Page 48 Letter W. The multitude tumultuous hath more changes than the deepe Sea in a tempest hath waves Page 24 Letter X. The Makelesse the Sweden Ship by report did carry two hundred pieces of Ordnance Page 56 Letter C. No Menagrie comparable to that which spares the lives of men Page 63 Letter G. N. A Nation being enemies to vice and glad in their povertie they may haply remaine unconquered Page 72 Letter S. O. Officers are well rewarded when their followers are well disciplined Page 37 Letter H. The opinion Subjects doe conceive of their Princes care in the conservation of his Kingdome moves them to obedience Page 43 Letter P. Officers by their noble carriage and good example dot often encourage their followers to well-doing Page 55 Letter B. Officers ought never out of ostentation to make choice of a weake Poste to defend as Seaton did at Trailsound Page 62 Letter F. Officers or Souldiers that preferre their safetie before the reliefe of their Camerades may be justly called simple Page 72 Letter S. P. The Propertiâ—s of a valiant Souldier Page 72 Letter S. Poule Leaguer called the Flesh-Leaguer where a great Oxe-hide was sold for a Can of Beere Page 15 Letter N. The publique State being ruin'd he that lives at ease for his particular shall not escape from being ruin'd Page 59 Letter D. Panick feare entering into Towne Strength or Armie is most dangerous in the night Page 73 Letter W. Our Piety towards God and our reputation amongst men are the two things we ought to respect so long as we live Page 75 Letter Y. Pittie never shines more cleerely than when shee is clad in steele Page 53 Letter Z. A Pigeon carrying a Letter unto a beleaguered Towne taken and let loose Page 71 Letter Q. R. Resolution is the most fortifying Armour a discreet man can weare Page 3 Letter B. A Roman Captaine did tremble being victorious Page 16 Letter N. Our Regiment was beholding to Duke Barnard of Wymar Page 19 Letter R. A Reliefe in time is the most comfortable thing can come to a Souldier in time of hot service Page 23 Letter W. The Roman Empire too little for a possession for the Prince Elector Palatine Page 37 Letter I. Ravishers were punished with the losse of life and goods Page 44 Letter Q. Remedies to hinder men from vice Page 44 Letter R. Rutmaster Hoome and his Camerades helped to make the Scots retreat safe at Volgast Page 80 Letter F. S. Scots readiest of all Nations to take a true Alarum Page 7 Letter F. A Scots Suttler punished by Bees for his long stay Page 10 Letter H. The Scots at Bisenberg resisted well the Storme Page 11 Letter I. Souldiers of all professions should looke nearest to credit Page 14 Letter M. Sinâ—wes are added to the vertuous mind by noble actions and every one shall smell of that he is busied in Page 46 Letter T. Scots Highland-men before Keel in necesâ—itie made use of their swimming though wounded in their Clothes Page 55 Letter B. Scots and English in forraine warre ever good seconds Page 60 Letter E. A Souldier at Trailsound made a prettie reply to his Camerade being jeering Page 65 Letter I. A Story notable of a Dragon and a Lyon Page 66 Letter L. Sergeant Mackey and seven more killed in one night at Trailsound being all of our Regiment Page 68 Letter M. A Stratagem whereby the Boores in Scotland made the English Horses to breake loose Page 70 Letter Q. Seven hundred and threescore Shot of Cannon in one day were shot upon Frankendore in Trailsound Page 71 Letter R. Spiney's Regiment entered into Trailsound Page 74 Letter X. Souldiers are in policie like to the Crocodile for to make one another to fall they sâ—â—me the wayes Page 76 Letter Sir Alexaâ—der Lesly being made Governour of Trailsound conferred the credit of the first out-fall on Spiney's Regiment Page 78 Letter C. Sir Iohn Hume of Ayton being pittifully wounded was taken prisoner and dyeâ— with the Enemy Page 78 Letter C. A Servant that doth endanger his owne life for the reliefe of his Master testifies his true service as Mackenyee did Page 81 Letter G. Sufferance in a noble manner begets love as Henry Lindesey dyed at Wolgast Page 80 Letter T. T. Treatie or Still-stand the use of it Page 76 Letter Trailsound became flourishing by their hopes having got Sir Alexander Lesly for their Governour Page 77 Letter B. V. Vertue and wisedome are the best guards of safetie Page 42 Letter M. VV. The Watch on the Elve surprised Page 24 Letter X. Wounds gotten with credit are the best tokens of courage in a Souldier Page 23 Letter W. Women are forbidden to shed teares for their children that dyed standing serving the Publique Page 26 Letter Z. The wise man is onely the cunningest Fencer Page 42 Letter N. Watch in beleaguered places is the maine point to be looked unto Page 64 Letter H. In Warres Summum Ins is found to be Summa Injuria Page 64 Letter H. Walestein his pride was great when he caused to kill the hurt Officers retired with slight wounds Page 69 Letter O. A worthy Enemy reconciled can be a worthy Friend Page 77 Letter A. That man is wise that is kinde to his Friend and sharpe to his Enemy but he is wiser that can entertaine his Friend in love and make his Enemy like him Page 77 Letter A. THE LIST OF THE SCOTTISH OFFICERS IN CHIEFE CALLED the Officers of the Field that served his Majesty of Sweden Anno 1632. THE Marquesse
our Body is the better guarded by good intelligence Thirdly by this meanes wee can the better provide our Army with thinges necessary Fourthly the passages without being kept they being next the Enemy wee can have the more timely advertisement of our enemies designes so soone as they are hatched This Cavaliere Kniphowsen though hee was unfortunate he had both the Theorie and Practick befitting a Commander whom once I did heare say that one Ounce of good Fortune was to be preferred before a Pound weight of Wit which hee knew well by his owne experience and to my knowledge though hee was unfortunate himselfe yet Cavalieres under his command could learne by him much good order and discipline And though in his life-time hee loved not our Country-men Neverthelesse for the love I carried to his vertues I would not omit to make mention of his worth No feare of danger or death can be an excuse to a man to serve the Publique in his calling Before I was commanded to enter this Towne the Infection was great yet none of us did forbeare to converse with the Sicke though daily examples of mortality were frequent amongst us for on our Watches wee knew not the cleane from the foule Neverthelesse it behoved us all to passe on our duties as wee were commanded and though I know no reason for it fewer Souldiers dyed of the infection than Burgers Yet one rare Sparke being a resolute â—ix Souldier with a Musket as ever I commanded dyed here of the Pest called Andrew Monro who being but Eighteene yeares of age though little of stature no toyle nor travell could overset him and as hee was stoute so he was merry and sociable without offence such another was his Cozen Iohn Monro Kilternies grand-child who dyed of a burning Feaver being alive without feare before his Enemy and of a merry and quicke disposition I made onely mention of their names because they lived vertuously and dyed with farre more credit then if they had dyed at home where their names had never bin recorded for their worth and vertues It is the duty of a Commander to whom a Frontier Garrison is put in trust timely to fore-see all wants and defects about the place hee is trusted with as to repaire the workes to provide it with victuals with powder with Ball Match and Armes for it were not good hee had his materials to seeke when hee is resolved to begin his worke Likewise his workmen if they bee not sufficiently furnished before-hand he will be forced to dismisse them before his worke be credibly ended his over-seers must be also good and diligent otherwise there may bee too many crevises in their building and he himselfe must give good example in overseeing all and in fore-seeing of all inconveniences not trusting unto others to discharge those duties hee is bound to discharge himselfe and in â—ase of extremity of danger hee must ever bee the first himselfe to looke unto it and the last in comming from it otherwise hee can neither maintaine the place nor his credit Hee must also be very modest and secret in not revealing the dangers hee fore-sees but be amending of them for feare to discourage others Likewise wee see here that it is alike with a Commander keeping a strength sometimes as it is with a body whereof some members are infected with a Canker that to preserve the body they must resolve to lose a member as it was with us at this time being forced to burne a part of the Towne to preserve the rest and our selves otherwise all must have beene lost But God favouring us by the winde that obeyeth when hee commandeth and the Element of the Fire also supplying the defect wee had of Water in our Graffe being but dry on that side wee were guarded with fire in stead of water and that bravely The Enemy being gone wee preserved the rest of the Towne in quenshing the fire Here also wee may see the benefit we reape when Frontier Garrisons are well beset if the Enemy fall into our Land as wee are able to affront him in his comming so in his going taking alwayes Prisoners of him and this is the right use of Strengths that when wee suffer losses in the Fields wee have time to draw breath againe our Garrisons being well beset as was sâ—ene in the Peace made betweene the King of Denmarke and the Emperour For if his Majesty of Denmarke had not built Luckstad on the Elve hee had hardly recovered Holsten againe even so this Garrison being set here gave time by the holding up of the Enemy to his Majesties Forces that were come from Statiâ— to bee before the enemy at Colberge for if they had fought better I had observed the more The third Dutie discharged of our March to Prymhaussen neere Stargard and from thence to Statin BEeing recalled from Shevelben wee joyned with the Felt-Marshall Horne at Griffinberg taking our march towards Prymhaussen a great Dorpe neere Stargard his Majesty being then at Colnoe drawing his Forces together hee intended to try the Enemy before Winter having met with the most part of his Forces at Prymhaussen the word was spred his Majesty had dealt out winter Quarters to move the enemie to doe the like that they drawing to Quarters his Majesties Armie being together they might take advantage of the Enemy being setled in their Quarters Wee having stayed with the Felt-Marshall till the Colonell went for Scotland accompanied with Major Monro Capraine Francis Sinclaire Master Hugh Mowat and Lieutenant Barrie they being gone his Majesty commanded I should march to Statin and joyne with the Regiment and to receive Orders from Generall Major Lesley beeing Commandant for the time where by the way at Colnoe I did speake with his Majesty who told mee hee was to preferre Captaine Bullion being one of my Captaines then to be Generall quarter Master to Horse As also shewed to me that hee had imployed my Colonell for new leavies and therefore he had recalled mee to remaine with the Regiment in his absence recommending unto me diligence in keeping good Discipline and in defending of the Postâ—s which should bee intrusted to our watching seeing wee were to watch on Here Tyvell his Poste Thus his Majesties admonitions received I was dismissed to continue our march to Statiâ— where wee being no sooner arrived but Generall Major Lesly appointed me my Quarters and Poste to watch at The next day his Majesty directed Captaine Dumaine to mee with an Order under his Majesties Hand and Seale to place him Captaine over Bullion's Company The Order I reverently received and appointed the Cavalâ—ere the next day in the afternoone to come to mee â—eeing the next morning I was to ride to his Majesty being loath his Maiesty should diminish my priviledge having the freedome by his Majesties capitulation to place the Officers of the Regiment as they were vacant and not his Majesty having once disposed of that priviledge Being come to Colnoe I moved Sir
thanking our countrimen he died of paine and agony before night After this show made of courage by the besieged they being discouraged desired a Parle where Major Greeneland an English Cavalier then serving the Emperour was sent out to make the accord with his Majesty pledges delivered by both the accord agreed on was subscribed where it was coâ—cluded the Governour should march out with flying Colours and Armes and with two peeces of Ordinance with bag and baggage and a convoy to the next Emperiall Garrison providing the Governour should leave behinde him all cannon being threescore peeces of Brasse all store of Amunition and victuall and all spare Armes and to march forth precisely the next day by twelve of the clocke But had the Governour the Duke of Savellie bin so valorous as those he commanded he might in respect of the season situation of the Towne have kept the City a moneth longer so that to our Iudgments he was no good Souldier knowing his Generall was able to relieve him The enemy thus march't away and his Majesty having beset the Garrison heareing Generall Tylly with a strong Army had taken resolution to visit his Majesty in Maclenburgh he stood not long on advisement but out of hand disposed of his Army couragiously wisely and circumspectly as the event did witnesse his Majesties good command an resolution Damaine beset with Swedens Generall Bannier was ordained to stay there for to command the Garrison and to keepe correspondence with his Majesties and with others in case of Tyllies coming Generall Major Kniphowsen was sent with his owne Regiment and six companies of my Lord of Rhees commanded by his Lievetenant Colonell Bainshow to lie at new Brandenburg Major Sinclair with two companies was ordained to lie at Triptowe the Grave Fonottenburg with his Majesties Regiment of horse and my squadron of Foote was appointed to lie at Malchene his Majesty himselfe with the rest of the Army were to lie at Pooswell being the passe unto Pomeren and to the Oder Felt-marshall Horne being recall'd with his forces from Landsberg was ordained to lie at Freedland all having their instructions and orders in writ which they durst not passe one jot to th' end that where ever Tyllies Army would settle the rest of our Army from the severall Garrisons should come together to relieve the party besieged if his Majesty thought fitting So leaving Damaine having lost three hundred men before it our march houlds out according to our severall orders and instructions The fifth Observation ALL things were atchieved unto here by the goodnesse of a glorious order being seconded with skilfull and valorous Officers and Souldiers obedient even unto death every one by revolution keeping his certaine time and turne and that with strictnesse each being greedy of their owne honour and advancement under this noble King and Generall who liked of no wicked Souldier living out of compasse and rule such as were birds of the Divells hatching all such were banished from this Army that was led by Pious and religious Gustavus of never dying memory who could not abide any that would profaine Gods ordinance or that refused to give obedience to good orders Here at Letts before our rising to Dameine I could not but pitty though an enemy the Italian Governour that commanded in Letts who suffered himselfe the place and his followers to be surprised knowing of the Armies approach for we see by his example that goods evill conquest with great paines are soone lost going away with wings swifter then the winde whereof Histories are full of examples to which purpose I will inferre one story I have reade of Hugolene Gerrardesque Depise as records Paulus Aemilius in the eighth booke of the French story This Hugolene being a Commander for the Pope over the Guelfes having chased a part of the Gibelins that were with the Emperour terrifying the rest he became so greatly renowned amongst his owne folke that he commanded what he pleased and was made Lord and Governour of a City as this Italian was here being accounted noble rich magnificent and learned he was married having good issue he abounded in all riches more then he could desire or wish being counted happy and at his ease according to his owne minde and the opinion of his friends he made a feast on his birth day and having assembled his friends being merry he fell in commendation of his owne worth and honour extolling himselfe above the Clouds so farre that he begun to aske of one of his neerest friends if he thought he lacked any thing to make him happy the other considering the uncertainty of worldly affaires and the deceitfull vanities thereof that perish in a moment when the Lord pleaseth but to breath said certainely the wrath of God cannot be farre from this thy great prosperity Incontinent the Forces of the Gibelius begining to stirre unexpected come about the lodging breake in through the Ports kill his children and take himselfe who begging life being refused was miserably murthered and all his goods taken by the enemy in Italy in the yeare 1288. to teach all mortall men not to glory too much in uncertaine riches that come but slowly and goe away swiftly Those men that are meanely risen may justly be checked here that when they have attained unto wealth riches and honour presently they will begin to counterfeit the Nobility pressing to tread in their footeâ—steps though not belonging unto them for wealth attained unto it may be by unlawfull meanes should not make the owners too proud of it lest suddenly it may be lost as chanced to Hugolene Neverthelesse some fantastick Officers that cannot governe themselves nor their wealth they will hunt and hawke with traines on Princes bounds as I have knowne some doe being abroad thinking themselves equall to Princes whereof they were farre short and they will have their silver plate their gold their silver their Iewells their Coaches their horses their traines and Officers of houshold counterfeiting greatnesse and great men having it may be but little worth besides suffering themselves in their Pompe to be surprized their goodâ— taken from them and then to be cast in a close dungeon or prison till they die for want the reward of their pride whereas it had beene better they had lived with greater sobriety and modesty and then if misfortune should happen unto them they would be the more respected and consequently the sooner set at liberty I have read of Cavaliers that served long and truely with credit whose mindes were not set on outward things perishable but rather their hunting was after a good name renowne and credit to leave behinde them when all other things might be stripped from them which in my opinion were more to be commended then those that would counterfeit worth being without it But on the contrary I have knowne some Cavaliers that hunted after credit did gaine much renowne and were rich in credit though poore otherwise leaving no more houshold stuffe
behinde them but a spit and a pot being so given to sobriety in their life times that sometimes they were contented with a morsell of dry bread from a souldier Not that I would have any Cavalier that hath merited well to be carelesse to maintaine himselfe in credit according to his charge if by lawfull meanes he can doe it and if plenty increaseth I would wish him timely to dispose of it for his neerest friends or succession in a part and the overplus I would wish him to bestow for the weale of the publique and the adorning of his country that after his death the monuments of his vertue and Trophees of his victories might live and speake to succeeding ages that such a one hunted well in attaining unto honour and perpetuall renowne and credit Here also by the example of a worthy Master and Leader being the Phoenix of his time for a Generall that he who hath seene his variable essaies and learned to lay up the same in store if he follow but his Masters precepts and observe his orders he cannot but in time merit the title of a judicious Commander and doubtlesse one day having past his prentiship well under such a Master he cannot but merit honour and reward and then may be made choise of for the service of his King and country before those who had not such experience under such a Leader In remembrance of whom I will inferre an accident happened his Majesty of famous memory the time of his beleaguering His Majesty walking alone on a marrish that was frozen of intention with a prospective glasse to spie into the enemies workes the Ice breaking his Majesty falls up to the middle in water being neere my Guarde where Captaine Dumaine did command who seeing his Majesty fall in went towards him of intention to helpe him out which his Majesty perceiving lest the enemy might take notice of them both his Majesty wagged his hand that the Captaine might retire which the enemy perceiving shot above a thousand shot of Musket at his Majesty who at last wrought himselfe loose coming off without hurt and sat a while by our guardefire The Captaine being a bold spoken gentleman well bred and of good language begun very familiarly to finde fault with his Majesty for his forwardnesse in hazarding his Majesties person in such unnecessary dangers on whom at that time the eyes of all Europe were fixed expecting their freedome and reliefes from the tyranny of their enemies to come from his Majesty and in case any misfortune or sinister accident as God forbid should happen unto his Majesty what then would become of his Majesties confederates and which was worst what would become of many brave Cavaliers of fortune who had no further hopes then to live and to be maintained under his Majesty their Leader His Majesty having heard the Captaine patiently thanked him for hâ—â— good counsell and he could not but confesse his owne fault which he could not well helpe seeing his minde was so that he thought nothing well done which he did not himselfe and so went to dinner where before he changed his wet clothes in a could Tent he called for meate and dined grossely and taking a great draught of wine went and changed his clothes and immediatly coming forth againe while as the enemy had fallen out as was said before in the discharge The time of this out-fall our Souldiers being commanded under Major Potley to beate backe the enemy going on service there happened a merry Accident to one of our Country-men then Ensigne to my Colonells Company called Iames Lyle being in sight of his Majestie going downe a a steepe hill the enemy playing hard with Cannon the Ensigne happened to fall forwards the winde blowing off his Periwigge which tumbled downe the hill the Major sware a great oath the poore Cavaliers head was shot from him and seeing him rise againe without his false head sware the Cannon had shot away the skinne with the haire of his head being bald His Majestie at this time also seeing a Dutch Captaines cloake about him going on service commanded to recall him and to command out another which was a disgrace to the Captaine whom his Majestie openly reproved saying If he had intention to have fought well he would have felt no cold and consequently the carrying of his Cloake was needlesse In this meane time his Majestie looking on from the enemies Battery a Cannon Bullet came so neare his Majestie though he was really stout he was made to stoope and behinde his Majestie the thigh was shot from a Swedens Captaine belonging to the Artillery who died the same night Here I cannot let passe an oversight unworthily committed by Generall Major Kniphowsen while as the enemy was marching out the Guard of the Posts being committed to the Swedens having got command from his Majestie to let no Officer nor Souldier come within the Towne till the enemy was marched out Kniphowsen pressing in was put backe by the Captaine that commanded Whereupon Kniphowsen not knowing what direction the Captaine had or from whom he lifting a Battoun brake it on the Captaines head which was evill thought of by his Majestie and the whole Officers of the Armie Neverthelesse we never heard of the Reparation so that I would never wish my noble friend to lie under an affront though done by any forraigne King for if I could not be revenged I would serve against him to be revenged if not of him yet at lest of his for which I crave pardon having spoken rather like a Souldier than a Divine for nothing should divert my heart sooner from my Superiour than disdaine or contempt The sixth Dutie discharged of the Intaking of Brandenburg and of Maior Iohn Sinclaire his escape out of Trepto GEnerall Major Kniphowsen with his Regiment and six Companies of my Lord of Rhees Regiment commanded then by Lievetenant Colonell Lindesey were appointed to lie in new Brandenburg when as the enemy lay downe before Brandenburg I was recalled from Malchene with my squadron to joyne with Feltmarshall Horne at Freedland being commanded to leave a Captaine with a hundred Musketiers behinde me of commanded men to beset Malchene at this time also Major Sinclaire with his own Company and Captaine Semples were commanded to beset Trepto which lay but two miles from Brandenburg his Majestie with the rest of the Army being at Posewall Tilly with his Army being ingaged in the beleaguering of Brandenburg consisting then of twenty-two thousand foote and horse having twenty-six pieces of Ordnance with all furniture answerable he beleaguered Brandenburg thinking his Majestie being so neare might be moved to ingage his Army with disadvantage to relieve it But his Majestie being more wise and having had a greater designe in his head he suffered Tilly to try his Fortune against a place of no such importance as to ingage a King and a Crowne a Countrey and an Army in relieving of it and his Majestie relying
did observe the difference betwixt the King our Master and old Tilly where I did see his Majesty though younger out-shoote the elder in experience who by winning of a Dorpe which was afterwards slighted with the losse of two thousand men over and above the toyle sustained by his Army and the losse of some cannon he lost Francford on the Oder where three thousand were put to the sword in requitall of his cruelty used at Brandenburg The seventh Dutie discharged of our march to Swede and of our reformation there being made into Briggades TIllies Army being marched backe to Rapine the Felt-marshall with his Army did breake up from Freedland with Horse Foote and Artillery towards Swede to joyne with his Majesty continuing our march for three dayes to the passe at Lecknetts where we rested two dayes sundry Officers having taken Forloffes of his Excellence to goe unto Statine to provide themselves of cloaths and necessaries expecting for a long march where I went also to see my wife and Family and having stayed but one night our march continued so farre in prosecuting our victories that the enemy coming betwixt me and home I was not suffered in three yeares time to returne so long as his Majesty lived which was much to my prejudice Being arrived at Swede on the Oder and joyned with his Majesties Army after our coming being drawne out to the fields we were made into Briggades both horse and foote where Sr. Iohn Hepburne being made Colonell of the Briggad his Regiment Colonell Lumsdells Stargates and ours made up the Briggad where Lumsdell I had the Battaile Colonell Hepburne his Regiment made up the right wing and Colonell Stargates the left which on our march was changed by turnes and thereafter was still called the Scots Briggad commanded by Hepburne Sundry other Briggads were made up as the yellow or leeffe Briggad commanded by the Baron Tyvell the blew Briggad commanded by Colonell Winckle and the white Briggad called Dametts where having lien some few dayes we were preparing for our march towards Francford on the Oder The seventh Observation GEnerall Tilly was no sooner marched with his Army but incontinent the Felt-marshall did follow his example to joyne with his Majesty Where we may see that these two wise Generalls did soare in the skies with their Armies casting boards like warre ships to get advantage one of another We see here that Cavaliers though tied by Gods ordinance to live with their wives being once severed and tied to serve they cannot with credit quit their charge to come to their wives The King himselfe being once engaged in the Dutch warres was deprived for two yeares from the sweete society of his Queene which should teach women and men of meaner quality after their examples to be patient in absence for more love was never betwixt two than was betwixt his Majesty and his Queene no love could goe beyond their love each to others except the love of Christ God and man towards man For the love of this Queene to her husband the King did equall the love of the wife of Hieron whom we read of in Plutarch his Apophthegmes for her rare continence and respect carried to her husband shee never felt the breath of anothers kisse but her husbands Which in my opinion this Queene of Sweden could well for her love to her husband have done if it were possible as is reported by Plinius of Arria wife to Cecinna Paetus who being condemned to die with liberty to choose the forme of his death his wife going to visit him did exhort him to die valiantly with great courage and taking good night of her husband she strucke herselfe with a knife in the body and drawing out the knife againe presented it to Paetus her husband with these words Vulnus quod feci Paete non doleâ— sed quod tu facies as one would say the wound I gave my selfe hurts me not but the wound which you shall give grieves me We read also of Portia Cato his daughter and wife to Brutus who hearing of her husbands death in despight of all that were about her filled her mouth with hot burning coales and was suffocated for griefe We reade also a memorable story of the wives of the Menyans recorded by Plutarch in his fourth booke of Illustrious women their husbands being in prison and condemned to death for having enterprized against the King of Sparta the Lacedemonian custome being to execute their malefactors in the night these noble women under pretence to speake with their husbands being appointed to die got license of the Guards to goe within the prison and having put themselves in place of their husbands whom they made to put on their Gownes taught them to cover their faces with vailes as being extreamely sorry carrying their heads downward they escaped out of their hands Having inferred this discourse on a Queene yet wife to the best Souldier in our dayes lest Souldiers wives should be worse thought of than others having seene more love more indurance better obedience and by appearance more chastity in them to their husbands than ever I did see in any other profession I will here yet inferre a rare example of a Souldiers wife to encourage others to follow and imitate her vertues The story we reade written by Barnard Scardeon in his third booke of Padua that Blanch Rubea of Padua being retired with her Baptist de la Porte within the fortresse of Bassean pertaining to the Venetians Accâ—olen baâ—â—shed out of Padua with all his forces assailed the said place being valorously defended it was impossible to get it but by Treason Baptist not losing courage though surprised running unto the Port with his Armes in his hand but suppressed by the multitude of his enemies having gotten entry he was killed by the hand of Acciolen his wife Blanch did fight valiantly in the conflict being armed with steele and with courage farre beyond her sex The enemy being victorious she was taken perforce and brought before the Tyrant who being ravished with her beauty at first making much of her then desireth to ravish and bereave her of her honour shee defending her selfe by words and prayers of entreaty escaped his hands and finding the window open skips downe where she was found â—ore hurt and halfe dead but by the diligence of good Chirurgians she was made whole as before and was solicited by the Tyrant againe which she refusing to yeeld unto being bound was forced by the Tyrant shee keeping her griefe within herselfe gets liberty to goe see the dead body of her husband Baptist and pretending to doe some ceremonies about his Corps and having opened the Grave she crying streached herselfe in the Grave and violently with her hands pulls the stone that covered the grave over her and her head being bruised she died presently above her husband in the yeare 1253. The Ancient Germans did marry their wives on the condition they should be their companions in travells
who are to be pittied that undertake to leade others being ignorant themselves but this wise Generall at this time did not only order his Army as he would have them to stand in Battaile but also knowing the gifts and severall parts his chiefe Officers of the field were indued with he disposeth of them in appointing such places for them in fighting against their enemies as did best befit their vertues which all he knew before hand partly by his owne experience and partly by enquiring of others their qualities and vertues Secundo his Majesty doth forecast with himselfe what the enemy being strong might intend against him and accordingly he fore-saw wisely how to prevent him in dividing his Army by sending the Felt-marshall on the one side of the Oder with a part of his Army going himselfe on the other leaving the bridge and passage at Swede well fortified and beset with Souldiers to the end that which of both Armies might be constrained to retire over the bridge being safe might then conveniently joyne with the other As his Majesty was wise in fore-seeing what might happen he was also diligent in taking time of his enemies on the sudden before they could come together so that after this victory obtained his Majesty did not only get elbow roome by the enemies removing over the Elve and the Oder but also he did gaine time to settle his affaires with the Princes for those who would not before this victory scarce keepe correspondence with his Majesty afterwards his Majesty having freed their country from their enemies they were then content to intreate for his friendship by their Ambassadours and he like to a cunning gamster taking the Ball at the right rebound embraced their friendship and confederacy having bound them up in a more strict manner then before tilâ— in th' end they were forced to dance after his pipe Here likewise I did observâ— â—hat it 〈…〉 good to trust too much unto our owne strength as our 〈◊〉 did 〈◊〉 at their banqueting and inter pocula before that the stoâ—me wen◠〈…〉 hearing the noyse of our Cannon they fell a laughing as wondâ—ing 〈…〉 Sâ—â—dens meant thought they to fly over the walles and granting he could 〈◊〉 were they not so strong as he Many more idle discourses they hâ—d 〈◊〉 themselves in their pride boasting of their strength and coâ—rage not setting God before them they disdained and contemned their 〈◊〉 but suddenly in an instant they found their owne follies beâ—â—g brought unto feare and astonishment so that at last their wits confoâ—â—ded and consequently their actions confused and their enemies though weake instruments by the power of the God of Armies were made strong and couragious for punishing them in repaying of their former Barbarity and cruelty used by them at new Brandenburg where we see the lord repayeth their wickednesse when they least expected Tiffenbacke the Felt-marshall was much to blame for his command being so strong within the Towne as we were without that he did not adventure to fight us in the fields or at least to have tried our conduct and valour with a strong party his not daring to adventure with us made us the more couragious and resolute to seeke him though with disadvantage having once found him to be a timorous enemy keeping himselfe close within walles for we know well the greater his strength was within if once we entred his confusion would be the greater for a multitude within a strength especially horsemen many servants and baggage breede ever confusion for avoiding whereof the Governour had the more reason to have tried us in the fields whereby he had encouraged his Garrison who seeing he durst adventure to meete us without being retired they would not be afraid within walles So it is never good to resolve to be alwayes the defender but rather according to the time and circumstances sometimes to try Fortune as well by pursuing as by defending that our credit may not be called in question neither for too much slownesse nor for too much forwardnesse but still to presse for the Mediocrity being the true vertue of Fortitude without which no Souldier can attaine commendation if he doe participate of either extreames as this Felt-marshall did staying within walles Yet some I know will object that I ought rather to praise the actions of the enemy to make ours the more glorious to which I answer ours at all times as here were so splendid that no Lustre could be added unto them our Leader Gustavus being Illustrissimus himselfe and the favourite of Fortune to whom all things succeeded fortunatly by taking of time the most pretious of all things especially in warres which sometimes helpes as much as vertue it selfe The forwardnesse and courage of Major Iohn Sinclaire and of his Colleague Lievetenant Heatlie is not to be over-past they being the first gave good example to enter this Towne in going over the walles with ladders with a weake party of fifty musketiers that ventured to follow them which were hardly received by the enemies horsemen neverthelesse they valorously defended themselves and made their enemies to retire with losse so that as my intention here is not to over-praise my friends vertue I would not on the other part be silent in giving them their due answerable to their merits and no more We see also by experience dayly that at all times as here no man ever served God for nought who rewardeth men though not through merit in respect of his God-head of whom we can merit nothing yet of his infinit bounty is ever ready to reward them truely that doe serve him his Majesty with his Army having served God in the morning at night he was made victorious over his enemies And that his Majesty in the afternoone on the Sabboth pursued his enemies there was a necessity in it Generall Tillies Army being on their march for the reliefe of the Towne his Majesty was forced to take the opportunity of time which once being past doth never returne Here we may see the evill that feare bringeth within a City or Strength causing disorder and confusion but if all those within this Towne had stood to their defenâ—e â—as Lievetenant Colonell Butler did and the Irish Francford had noâ— bin taâ—en Therefore when resistance is not made as it ought to be the victory is easily attained for nothing encourageth more then good example Et contra And I did observe here that no nation esteemed good Souldiers are 〈…〉 Dutch in maintaining a storme or in extremity of danger 〈◊〉 being otherwise good Souldiers for obedience to command in watches marcheâ— working about workes and in doing all other dueties befitting 〈◊〉 profession being in company of others Pike-men â—eing resolute men shall be ever my choyce in going on execution as also in retiring honourably with disadvantage from an enemy especially against horsemen and we see oftimes as we found here that when musketiers doe disbandon of greedinesse to make booty the worthy pike-men
remaine standing firme with their Officers guarding them and their Colours as being worthy the glorious name of brave Souldiers preferring vertue before the love of gold that vanisheth while vertue remaineth This vice of avarice is alike common to the superiour Officer and to the inferiour Souldier which oftimes makes the superiour to be despised as well by the common Souldier as by his betters And therefore publique imployments of command should never be given to such greedy persons for as sparing in a private person is commendable being done without hurt to another even so the vertue of liberality is due to him that is publiquely imployed as also he ought to have splendor in his carriage and not to give evill example to others his inferiours if once he be honoured with command in leading of others I must then againe condemne this kinde of avarice that makes men for booty abandon their Colours and their duety they being the cause oftimes of the overthrow of their worthy Camerades standing to fight when they were employed in making of booty for which many time they are contemned and their money taken from them by the multitude with disgrace and danger of their lives for though sometimes they make booty they have not the fortune to enjoy it one quarter of an houre thanking God to be rid of it with their lives though not with their credits It is the duety of valiant Commanders and of brave Souldiers when ever fire entreth into a City strength or Leager suddenly with their Armes to repaire to their Colours lest at such times the enemy being neere hand should be ready to take advantage but here the baser sort of Souldiers neither for obedience to his Majesties command nor for love of their Officers nor of their owne credits would stirre to attend their Colours though the enemy had shewed himselfe to pursue the City Here also the enemy was to blame for leaving provision and Amunition behinde them whose duety it was rather to destroy it by fire or water then to leave it to their enemies But we see there is no counsell against the Lord invented by man able to worke blessed be his name for ever The ninth Dutie discharged of the intaking of Laudsberg on the Wert by accord THE fifth of Aprill 1631. his Majesty having left Francford on the Oder well beset under the command of Generall Major Lesly who had direction to see the fortifications repaired as likewise Generall Bannier was left to command over the Army his Majesty having taken two and twenty hundred commanded musketiers eight hundred horsemen twelve peece of Cannon great and small with Amunition answerable with spades shovels and axes where the Colonell of the Artillery called Leonard Richardson was commanded to goe with them for to attend his charge As also Colonell Hepburne was commanded to leade the party and I was sent as Lievetenant Colonell to second him in this employment Colonell Hepburne having viewed the party and taken notice that all things were in good order commanded the party to march having had a blacke-smith that dwel't at Landsberg for our guide we continued our march the first day being come within foure miles of the Towne we quartered at a passe on the high way and the next morning breaking up we marched forwards till on the way our fore-troopes did meete with a Regiment of Crabbats where after long skirmish and losse sustained by both the parties in th' end the Colonell that led the Crabbats being deadly wounded retired to the Towne casting off all bridges behinde them which hindered us for a day The eight of Aprill we lay downe before a skonce royall built on a strong passe betwixt us and the Towne This skonce well fortified was well provided of Cannon It had also a wide Graffe of running water and a draw-bridge which was taken up at our coming and then they discharged their Cannon on us where at first there were killed some six Souldiers the night drawing on our watches set forth I was appointed by his Majesty to be Captaine of the watch being ordained to oversee the making of the Batteries As also I was commanded to set forwards our workes both for intrenching and for running our lines of approach to the skonce wherein I was so busied that the whole night I went never off my feete but from one part to another having had sundry Alarums though not of continuance His Majestie having taken quarters in the neerest Dorpe he left two Rutters to attend on me that if the â—â—emy should fall out against us incontinent one of them might be sent to acquaint his Majestie who having rested for that night coming before day to visit the workes aâ—d finding them not so farre advanced as he did expect he falls a chiding of me notwithstanding of my diligence used the whole night in keeping the Souldiers still at worke with the small number of materialls we had to worke with But no excuse though true would mitigate his passion till he had first considered on the circumstances and then he was sorry he had offended me without reason But his custome was so that he was worse to be pleased in this kinde than in any other his Commands being ever impatient when workes were not advanced to his minde and the truth is our Country Souldiers cannot endure to worke like the Dutch neither when they have taken paines can they worke so formally as others Our batteries being readie against the morning the whole day our Cannon played on the Skonce so fast as they could be charged but to no purpose the earthen wall being so thicke and so well set together that they scorned us and our Cannon both His Majestie seeing nothing to be effectuated this way resolved to try a second way by the advise of the Black-smith that knew all the passages towards the Towne notwithstanding that the whole land on that side was covered over with water This Black-smith advised his Majestie to cause a Float-bridge to be made and then setting over the water he would lead us through shallow passes where we might come behinde the Skonce cutting off their passage from the Towne and then the Skonce wanting reliefe might be ours According to this plot his Majestie commanded Lievetenant Colonell Dowbatle with two hundred and fifâ—ie Dragoniers for foote and me with two hundred and fiftie Musketiers to follow the Black-smith and to surprize the enemies Guard which being done by us we were commanded to make the place good till Colonell Hepburne with a thousand Musketiers should be sent after to second us Dowbatle and I having fortunately surprized the Guard making them retire to the Towne leaving the Skonce in our power Colonell Hepburne being advanced towards the Skonce tooke it in on accord and the Souldiers were made to take service and their Officers made prisoners In this time Dowbatle his Dragoniers having followed the enemy with hot skirmish within shot of their walles his powder being spent desired
I should fall on and relieve him and his as I did continuing the service till we made the enemy retire over a bridge that was hard by the Towne so that I was forced for our owne safeties having lost divers Souldiers that were killed with the Cannon to divide my Souldiers making the halfe of them to cast â—p a running Trench while as the rest were hot skirmishing with the enemy being in danger of boâ—h Cannon and Musket but my Souldiers once getting in the ground we fortified our selves against their Cannon and resolved in case of their out falling to maintaine the ground we had formerly wonne with the losse of our bloud having loâ—t in one halfe houre above thirtie Souldiers whereof six were killed with the Cannon The enemy finding the Skonce was lost and us so farre advanced on the strongest side Feltmarshall Horne with his Forces marching on the other side that was weakest they presently did send a Drummer on our side to parlé for quarters whom I received and being hood-wink't he was sent with a Convoy to his Majestie who condescended to the Treatie and pledges being delivered the Treatie went on the Accord subscribed his Majestie came and thanked Dowbatle and us for our good service where large promises were made unto us of reward and to Colonell Hepburne also for takiâ—g in of the Skonce The enemy being strong in the Towne and above twice our strength his Majestie resolved to send to Francford for more Forces both of horse and foote to come to him before the enemy was suffered to march out of the Towne to whom conditions were granted to transport foure pieces of Ordnance and the Souldiers to march out with full Armes bagge and baggage with Drummes beating and flying Colours and a Convoy of Horsemen towards Glogoe His Majestie having beset the Garrison as soone as they marched out having seene their strength we were ashamed of their carriage being the eldest Troopes and the choice by report of the whole Imperia'l Armie who cowardly did give over such a strong Towne being without necessitie and in hope of reliefe One of my Captaines called Dumaine having contracted a feaver here before Lansberg being râ—moved to Francford died there and being buried my Lievetenant David Monro was preferred to be Captaine of his Company and Ensigne Burton was made Lievetenant and Bullion his brother having taken his passe my Sergeant Andrew Rosse was made Ensigne to Captaine David and William Bruntfield was preferred to be my Lievetenant and Mongo Gray Ensigne This Towne being taken both Pomeren and the Markes of Brandenburg were cleered of the Emperialists being sent up unto Silesia The next Sabbath his Majestie that was ever ready to reward good servants for vertue he caused to make our guide the Black-smith being a stout fellow and a craftie Burgo-master of the Towne who did get from his Majestie two hundred Duckets besides His Majestie on the Sabbath day in the afternoone suffered the principall Officers of his Armie such as Generall Banier and Lievetenant Generall Bawtis and divers others to make merry though his Majestie did drinke none himselfe for his custome was never to drinke much but very seldome and upon very rare considerations where sure he had some other plot to effectuate that concerned his advancement and the weale of his State The ninth Observation THis Towne of Lansberg being a Frontier Garrison lying neare the borders of Pole on the Wert the having of it made Pomeren sure and the Marke giving unto his Majestie the freer passage unto Silesia and therefore it was that his Majestie did use the greater diligence and celeritie in obtaining of it with as great honour and reputation as could be imagined in respect of the inequalitie of strength betwixt us and our enemies As also in consideration of the situation of the place being on the one side fortified by nature yet beyond nature and probabilitie of reason This strong Garrison was forced to yeeld to Gustavus who was Mars his Minion and Fortunes Favourite or rather their Master as we see by his frequent Victories obtained against his enemies who though strongest are made to submit to the weakest partie where we may see that as industry is fruitfull so there is a kinde of a good Angell as it were waiting ever upon diligence carrying a Lawrell in his hand to crowne her And therefore it was that they said of old that Fortune should not be prayd unto but with hands in motion which made this valiant King love ever to be busied in vertues exercise befitting a Generall that carried a minde as this Invincible King did while he lived still rising to blessednesse and contentation It is commonly seene that those who feare least are commonly overcome as became of Francford on the Oder and this Towne also and though victory we see be from God yet to overcome an enemy the courage and skill of Commanders is very requisit and necessary And where good military discipline is observed as was done here there confidence doth arise perswading us we can doe what we please Of this opiâ—ion was our Leader and our Armie never doubted of their owne valour nor of their Leaders good Conduct which made our Victories the easier to be gotten Here also we see the goodnesse of intelligence for had his Majestie not gotten the Black-smith or some other like unto him to have beene intelligencer and guide to winne through the shallow Trinkets he led us to the Damme upon the head of their Watch who were surprized hardly could we have overcome this Towne on such a sudden for without this good of intelligence which is so necessary and of so great a moment in warres nothing or very little can be effectuated in unknowne places For good Intelligencers are so requisit in an Armie that no meanes ought to be spared on them providing they be trustie for one designe or secret of our enemies well knowne may bring all the rest we desire to a wished end or at least preserve us and ours from danger This Black-smith that was our guide in leading us towards our enemy at our first on-going on service the enemy playing hard with Muskets neverthelesse he went on without feare under-taking alike danger with our selves but finding in time of hot service some falling besides him our powder being a little wet and not giving so good report as the enemies did he then said he would returne to his Majestie and send us better powder yet I thinke though here there did appeare some lacke of constant resolution in him that time exercise and frequency of danger would make him a brave fellow being of a strong and a good able body but in my opinion the stoutest of men till they be a little acquainted with the furious noise of the Cannon will naturally feare and stoope at the first Likewise his Majestie was to be commended for his diligence by night and by day in setting forwards his workes for he was ever out of
patience till once they were done that he might see his Souldiers secured and guarded from their enemies for when he was weakest he digged most in the ground for in one yeare what at Swede Francford Landsberg Brandenburg Verbâ—m Tannermonde Wittenberg and Wirtzburg he caused his Souldiers to worke more for nothing than the States of Holland could get wrought in three yeares though they should bestow every yeare a Tunne of gold and this he did not onely to secure his Souldiers from the enemy but also to keepe them from idlenesse When they were not employed on service they were kept by good discipline in awe and obedience and that with as great moderation love and discretion as could be And his Majestie knew well that our Nation was of that nature that they could take to heart the austere carriage of their Commanders were they never so good For while as sometimes through his Majesties impatiencie he would cause to imprison some of our Country-men without solicitation his Majestie was ever the first did minde their liberties for he knew their stomacks were so great that they would burst or starve in prison before they would acknowledge an errour committed against their Master except it were of negligence Moreover nothing can more discourage a Citie Fort or Strength that is beleaguered than when they see their secrets discovered and their passages from reliefe cut off as it was seene of those that yeelded up the Skonce to Sir Iohn Hepburne being contented to come in the Colonells mercy seeing themselves barred from all reliefe Likewise the dutie of Leaders that lead men on service ought to be limited with discretion and not to advance further than with conveniency they may retire againe if need be left by too farre advancing they not onely indanger themselves but also ingage others for their reliefes to indanger all and a fault committed in this kinde through too much forwardnesse merits a harder censure than remissenesse with discretion seeing in the latter a man is but censured alone but committing the former errour he loseth himselfe and others Here also we found by experience that the spade and the shovell are ever good companions in danger without which we had lost the greatest part of our followers Therefore in all occasions of service a little advantage of ground is ever profitable against horse foote or Cannon And for this it was that the best Commanders made ever most use of the spade and the shovell and that in such ground as was found most commodious for their safeties We see also here his Majesties disposition in entertaining his Officers kindly after victory esteeming them not as servants but as companions in his mirth as a wise Master ought and should doe to those he findes obedient to his Commandements incouraging them another time to undergoe any service or danger for his sake that was so kinde and familiar with them joyning their hearts as well with his love as with his bountie for he knew well nothing was more able to bring victory next under God than good Commanders As also his Majestie knew that to be courteous unto his Officers was the way to triumph over his enemies The tenth Dutie discharged of our March to Berlin and from thence to Spandaw and backe to Botsaw THE eighteenth of Aprill 1631. the enemy being marched out of Landsburg towards Glogo his Majestie having beset Landsburg with a Garrison we marched backe to Francford on the Oder where we did rest us with the Armie till the twenty-ninth of Aprill during which time there were Ambassadours going mutually betwixt his Majestie and the Duke of Brandenburg at last having condescended on some points his Majestie brake up with the Armie and marched towards Berlin and were quartered by the way at a passe called Panco being one of the Duke of Brandenburgs hunting houses and from thence we marched to Berlin where his Majestie was Royally entertained by the Duke and that his Majestie might thinke he was welcome after the feast the Castle of Spandaw was delivered in his Majestie custodie where incontinent Colonell Axellilly with foure hundred Swedes were left in Garrison being a strength one of the fastest in Germanie fortified well with Fossées and Countersharpes of free stone and an earthen wall above having one hundred and fiftie pieces of Cannon on it and Armes for twentie thousand foote and horse with Amunition answerable Provided also sufficiently with store of victualls for an Armie of ten thousand men for a long space and though the Garrison were Swedes they were sworne to obey the Duke and his Majestie was obliged by his Royall word past to the Duke to restore it againe when ever the Duke desired to have it if the Duke of Saxony should not joyne with his Majestie against the Emperour The third day after the agreement the whole Armie brake up and marched to another passe three miles from Spandaw called Spotsdamme where we lay not intrencht the space of ten dayes till his Majesties Ambassadours were returned from the Duke of Saxon with an answer that the Duke would not assist his Majestie for the reliefe of Madeburg neither yet would the Duke grant to his Majestie free passage through his Country which was the losse of many poore soules within Madeburg being cut off by the crueltie of Generall Tillies Armie having surprized the Towne that was never taken before sparing neither man woman nor childe but putting all alike cruelly to death and in the end the Towne was burnt downe which was occasioned by the breach of the Dukes promise in not assisting his Majestie of Sweden being on his march to relieve it His Majestie not assured of the Duke of Brandenburg behinde him our Armie turning faces about we marched backe to Spandaw and lay downe in the Fields in order of Baâ—taile where we remained certaine dayes till such time as it behoved his Majestie for keeping of his Royall word to restore backe to the Duke the Castle of Spandaw and his Majesties Garrison being brought out it was manned againe by the Dukes Forces The castle restored his Majesty was so incensed against the Duke though his owne brother in law that he sware to take in Berlin which was the Dukes residence as also he was resolved to take the Duke prisoner except he would joyne in confederacy with him without the Duke of Saxon whereupon our Army did breake up and marched towards Berlin in hostile manner and lying downe before it the Duke not able to resist entred in a Treaty with his Majesty and to move his Majesty the more the Dutchesse and her mother with a traine of Great Ladies came to the fields to entertaine his Majesty with offering in the Dukes name all due respect to his Majesty and promising all things should be done by the Duke what his Majesty would desire To which his Majesty answered merrily that if the Duke would not end with him friendly before night he would send the Dutchesse and all the Ladies
oppression from whence oftimes doth come the unfortunat and unhappy events of warlike enterprises and expeditions for where the feare of God is taken away there the common-weale must needes decay and then the ruine of the people doth follow Likewise we see here that all that come to the warres as many foolish men doe thinke are not killed but some die through one kinde of death and some by another so that we ought ever be prepared and ready not knowing how when or where to die Happy then is that man that is prepared to die as if he should die to morrow for many have I seene rise well in the morning the time of these warres who went not to bed at night Our care then should be still to meditate on the end that it may be good and then doubtlesse we shall die well The infection being great at this time in Brandenburg I contracted a sodaine fit of sicknesse that was vehement and therefore did not continue above forty eight houres It was so vehement that if I had not suddenly overcome it doubtlesse it had overcome me but praised be God then I banished death by imagination as I did divers times before yet at last I know he will have about with me but my confidence is that by the helpe of the Conqueror I will overcome him in th' end as my Captaine and Leader hath done who is gone before me and opened a Dore to me to enter at where I may sing Triumphing over my enemies with those that follow the Lambe in the Communion of the Saints blessed for ever The twelfth Duty discharged of our March from Brandenburg over the Elve at Tangermound and from thence to Werben IN the middest of Iuly our Army did breake up from Brandenburg and marched towards Ratenough the Emperialists having left it being marched towards Tangermound his Majesty advanced with the commanded Musketiers and a strong party of horse who having set through the River of the Elve they surprized the enemy at Werben where a Lievetenant Colonell was taken prisoner and then after Colonell Dowbatle with his Dragoniers did take in by surprize also Tangermound before his Majesty was come with the party and being come immediatly he caused to set over the River a ship-bridge which was fortified before the entry over which our foote Army did passe and our horse with the Cannon Amunition and baggage did wade through the River where never one was seene to passe with Cannon before so that without impediment our Cannon and baggage for the most part came safely through but those waggons that were lightest being loaden with Boores trash as it came lightly so it went lightly with the streame Et meritò The Emperialists at Carleben hearing we had crossed the Elve tooke them to their flight to provide betimes for their winter quarters Wolmerstat also was taken by a weake party of our horsemen having heard our Army had crossed the River of the Elve such a feare came among them that they never looked behinde them but still fled directing Poast upon Poast to Generall Tillie to retire backe from During being minded unto Hessen who receiving newes of his Majesties crossing the Elve he turning faces about with his whole Army continued his expedition backward to finde us at Werben before we could be intrenched as he thought But where he did but march with his Army in the day time we with spadâ—s and shovells wrought our selves night and day in the ground so that before his coming we had put our selves out of danger of his Cannon Generall Bannier with the rest of our Army coming after us tooke in Hagleberg in his way and beset it with a strong Garrison where Generall Major Kagg did command to whom was conjoyned my cozen Fowles his Regiment after he had taken the Castle of Bloe in Macleburgh in his march with his owne Regiment alone where they made good booty but their Souldiers got but sleight quarters as Bannier did give at the intaking of this Towne and Castle of Hagleberg The twelfth Observation AT this time I did remarke the great wonderfull rare and extraordinary mercy of God towards our Leader the Kings Majesty and his Royall little Army which before our removing from old Brandenburg was much infected with the plague of Pestilence so that we knew not the sicke from the whole for of our Regiment alone there died in one weeke above thirty Souldiers and being but removed six dayes at our downe-lying at Werben we scarce knew there was any infection amongst us so that in a moneths time we were miraculously rid of it and for mine owne part I neither know nor can conjecture any reason for it cheifely being in the dogge dayes and in a Leaguor but the Lords mercy towards his Majesty and his Army being at this time farre inferiour in strength to our enemies Many examples and testimonies of Gods favour towards his Majesty I did observe on this march for such terâ—or was put in their hearts by his Majesties victory obtained at Francford and Lansberg that they fled where once they did heare of our coming being perswaded and informed by their consciences that if his Majesty were victorious they should get no better quarters thâ—n were given by them at Madeburg which made them quit strong Gâ—rrisons before they would attend or abide the danger Wherefore we may plâ—inly conclude that they doe not merit the name of Souldiers nor yet the title of couragious CoÌ„manders that did succumbe before they saw or felt the dinte of their enemies valour Fie then on such Commanders If they were of my friends I would allow them a Pinne higher on the Gallowes then is allowed for common offences for such Cullions that quit places for feare not seeing their enemies are unworthy the name of Souldiers but I thinke they were too rich and consequently they grew too feâ—ble Likewise here I did rejoyce and was glad when I did observe that it is not nor was not peculiar to any still to have overcome or to be victorious the Emperialists I know by experience and so did the Regiment I commanded had their time of the victory against the King of Denmarke where I did learne to make a retreate but now being come under another Leader there Fortune began to change and to retire from us we learning under the invincible Gustavus to advance orderly never falling off but ever keeping faces to our enemy a brave lesson learned from a brave Commander So that we see here victory keepes no constant dwelling being now here now there yet we see that it is best kept with counsell and vertue neither can I thinke but fortune and chance hath a great hand in it for it is a greater matter to use victory well then to overcome and all victors have an insatiable desire of their prosperous fortune never appointing an end to their desires And nothing brings victory more next unto God then good Commanders whereof King Gustavus the
adventures to Rancounter his enemy with a partie and having tryed them to their losse he retired againe with credit preparing his Leaguer being strongly beset with men Amunition and victualls he was not afraid to be taken unawares as the French were within Philipsburg not being provided to oppose their enemies for their sloath they were cruelly murthered Teaching others by their examples not to trust too much in securitie be the place never so strong if they be left unto themselves and grow carelesse they must needs suffer under the Tyranny of their enemies Likewise his Majestie not trusting to hiâ— owne wisedome he did call his chiefe Officers to Counsell asking them what was to be done as wise Commanders ought to doe and finding them all by silence to relie on his Majesties will giving Orders for all things that were to be done before their coming he resolved to stand to it being truely couragious as he did not adventure rashly without asking his Officers advice knowing once their resolution agreeable to his owne he was not inconsiderately afraid of his enemies strength though mightie and strong neither was he unprovided against their coming His Majesties dexteritie of Command is seene here by the order of his discipline in giving good orders for watching First he divided the Postes and appointed what footmen or Briggad should watch on the severall Posts as they were severally fortified by themselves to the end no man might blame their owne worke for insufficiency to hold out the enemy As also he appointed severall Briggads of horse to second the Postes severally every one knowing where to repaire in time of service As also he did instruct them of the manner they were to fight in resisting the enemies entry As also in case of their entry he did instruct both foote and horse how and in what manner they should be repulsed againe promising according to his wonted Custome to be a Companion both of their travells and dangers and that he should never leave them till first they should quit him and that he would promise as he was a Royall King A worthy saying of a worthy King and Generall whose prudence and wisedome in Command was ever answerable to the dignitie of his majesticke person that ought and should be endued with infinite vertues since infinite were those things he had to foresee and which are needfull for a man of his place Infinite chances and altogether divers every moment were set before him in so much that Argos Eyes were too few for him not onely in respect of the weight of his Command but also in respect of the wit and prudence which was requisit for him All other commands belonging to a Souldier are so inferiour to this of a Generall that almost they are nothing in respect of this who amongst others his great gifts he must know severly to command and softly to beare with others As also he must learne patiently to give place to others contumacy and he must not onely be powerfull to strengthen for his owne affaires but also he must weaken his enemies and chiefely he must make warre by policy without giving battell or travell as this wise Generall did deale twice with old Tillie who was forced after a long march having but visited him and seene his orders to retire againe with the losse of many men without any detriment or hurt at all to his Majesties owne litle Army which he kept ever to the best by preserving them from their enemies and by supplying of them as they became weake so that their weaknesse could never be truly discerned Who would not then admire the wisdome and foresight of this Generall in preserving this little Army at this time for a second fitter occasion Who ever then was so worthy of the honourable title of a Generall as he For though he had bin no King he was a brave warriour and which is more a good man magnificent wise just meeke indued with learning and the gift of tongues and as he had strength of body and a manlike stature he had also the ornaments of the minde fitting a brave Commander he knew how to dally and weary an Army led by such an old Generall as Tillie was for though he did vaunt he had beaten two Kings before in an open field the third King made him for all his experience and old yeares to be thought but a child againe having made him traverse with his Army before in the winter from Rapin to new Brandenburg and backe againe to Madeburg finding the King did lie in suerty at Swede till he was gone and then tooke in both Francford and Lanseberg and againe he made him retire from During to Verben for a visit and then forced him to returne againe to Saxonie with the losse of six thousand men without effecting any thing for his coming not the least advantage undoing himselfe and his Army by the seasons sometimes with the extremity of cold in the middâ—st of winter and at this time he made him march in the middest of the dogge dayes for lacke of victualls and his Majesty having discouraged this old Generall and his Army he thought then it was fit time to follow and to search him out till he was made to fight This resolute King did not sleepe long in suffering Tillies bravade made before Verben to be unrepayed having the next morning hunted and chased his coâ—rrasiers with a few number of Haggapells to the middest of their Army having with honour retired againe he thought Tillie was ingaged to storme his Leaguer in reveng but all could not winde or draw him to it But was forced through hunger to retire all provisions being taken out of his way for his Majesty knew well when they should be oppressed with hunger at their coming they could thinke on no generous exploit for oftimes an Army is lost sooner by hunger then by fighting and hunger it selfe is crueller a great deale then the sword For to hunger and to fight valiantly doth not agree with nature and in an Army hunger is more intolerable then the thundering of Cannon and Musket Armes doe resist Armes but to resist hunger no Fort no Strength no Moate or Foffie is able to doe it To conclude then this my observation when God is with us all things succeede well unto us as did with this fortunate King Gustavus who I knew did feare God and I perswade my selfe by his example and after him by the example of another Gustavus Felt-marshall Horâ—e who truly feared God in his calling without pride or ostentation many others under them following their examples though Souldiers did the like Therefore no wonder that they and those who followed them were happy in their enterprises having had such Leaders for that is most sure and infallible where most feare of God is and true piety there is most happinesse and this piety is enough to save Princes And on the contrary without her Armies can doe nothing Horse or strength of
man gold or money can doe nothing Let us then following the example of this King who was Godly seek to the King of Kings for his Kingdome the righteousnesse thereof then surely all other things will goe well with us as it did with our Master and Leader The fourteenth Duty discharged of our March from Wirben to our Leaguer at Wittenberg THE certainty of Generall Tillies march with the Army unto Saxonie being come unto his Majesty and that he was to joyne at Leipsigh with the forces were come to him from the upper Circles of Germany as also out of Italy which being joyned together his resolution was to spoile the Dukes country or to force him to turne Emperialist which being understood by his Majesty his Majesty very wisely resolved to prevent him in this as he had done in his former intentions And therefore wiâ—h diâ—gence bringing together the whole strength of his horses wiâ—h two thousand Dragoniers he marched towards Rattino where Felt-marshall Horne did lie with a part of the Army to whom he gave orders to be in readinesse on his first advertisment as also he appointed Generall Banner to recollect and bring up such forces as were levied in the Markes of Brandenburg and to be in readinesse at his Majesties appointment for a march In like manner his Majesty did leave the care of commanding the Leaguer at Werben to Generall Lievetenant Bautis so farre as concerned the command of the Cavalerie and Sr. Iohn Hepburne was ordained to command and to care for the foote which being done his Majesty continued his march towards the passe of Wittenberg for to meete Felt-marshall Arnham who was appointed by the Duke of Saxon to treate with his Majesty for confirming of the Aliance and confederacy formerly treated betwixt his Majesty and â—he Duke in time of the Treaty his Majesty being in hopes of a happy conclusion he did direct orders to the Felt-marshall Horne and to Generall Lievetenant Bawtis to breake up with both their forces of horse and fooâ—e and to march towards Wittenberg Likewise order was sent to Colonell Cagge to breake up from Haggleberg with his Regiment and with Colonell Monro of Fowles his Regiment for to joyne both with the Army on their march which continued orderly to the Randezvouz appoâ—nted to meete with the Felt-marshall being within foure miles of Wittenberg where we did come together and immediatly the Felt-marshall did put the Army in good order of Battell horse foote and Artillery The baggage also was placed and directed to march a part from the Army On Sunday the twenty eight of August 1631. we continue our march towards Wittenberg where a mile from the Towne we rejoyced at the sight of our Master and Leader Gustavus the invincible who with the party did joyne with us and immediatly he tooke the paines to bring that Royall Army in order of Battaile where on the sudden his Majesties dexterity in command did appeare to the great contentment of the whole Army and marching a while in Battell order having halted neere the part where our Leaguer was appointed to be we were commanded to incampe for that night on the field as we stood in Battell The next morning the Leaguer being divided in severall quarters and our Quarter-masters and Furriers having made their right designation of every Regiments quarter and having divided their quarters proportionally amongst the companies they being ready every Briggad whose quarters were first design'd marched unâ—o the Leaguer possessing themselves with their Quarters they begun orderly to place their Colours and their watch then every particular Cameradship did strive who could best provide themselves of convenient lodgings where we were to rest for a weeke Lievetenant Colonell Iohn Monro being come before his Colonell from Scotland with a company he was made to march from Statin to Werben and from thence to Wittenberg being then ordained to march with our Regiment with whom did come from Scotland Robert Monro Kilternes sonne out of love to see his friends who contracting a feaver at Wittenberg died there and was honourably buried The fourteenth Observation HIS Majesty like a wise and prudent Generall we see would not sturre from his Leaguer at Werben till first he was made certaine by good intelligence of his enemies designe counsell and resolution which being well knowne his Majesty then resolved by preventing of them to make them unprofitable and truly the discoverer of such plots and counsells ought to be well rewarded seeing by the discovery of our enemies designes we were made to resist dis intended evill against us Happy therefore are those intelligences that come in time and there ought to be no delay used in taking that counsell that cannot be praised till the turne be done and things once deliberated should be quickly done and though he be a brave fellow who doubts in advising yet in action he ought to be confident as Gustavus was getting intelligence of the enemies designe with celerity he tooke his horses and Dragoniers with him and leaving his foote and Cannon he advanced to the passe of Wittenberg for to prevent Tillie who was striving to make the Duke turne Emperialist but Gustavus wisely taking the ball at the right rebound he did turne the Duke by Gods providence both soule and body good Swede Where cleerely we may see the Lords powerfull hand and providence in this as in all humane affaires suffering things sometimes to take delayes Notwithstanding of mans instant urging the Lord deferres to his appointed time that the glory may be given unto himselfe alone and not to mans wit or policy For as the Rudder in a ship doth with a little motion governe all the ship even so God the director and governour of the world doth move the whole himselfe not sturring And as there is one God in the heavens that governes all the frame of the earth so the Lord hath his Substitutes on earth whom he hath made above their fellowes in judgment and heroike vertues yet he himselfe keepes the Prerogative above them all in commanding them to let us see that all the event and conclusions of Kings projects and intentions be they never so powerfull availe nothing to the furtherance of their intentions till they first acknowledge them to come from the fountaine God that distributes them againe on his servants when he pleaseth that they may learne to glorify him and not their owne wit or policy which is so much as nothing till he consent This God then the author and doer of all things and of this union and confederacy that eternall I say and provident God-head that governes the motions of the Heavens the starres variable courses the Elementary changes all things above and beneath the earth ruling and governing spreading where he pleaseth his light beames from his eternity and with a winke piercing into the Bowells of heaven earth and sea he doth not only goe before them but in them seeing and knowing all and governing them
distribute the three thousand foote prisoners that were willing to take service under the Dutch Regiments Whereupon I approached unto his Majesty intreating his Majesty to consider the great losse our Regiment had sustained on all the former occasions of service that seeing we were become weake like to other Regiments Therefore his Majesty might be gratiously pleased to give order to Generall Bannier that I might have all the Britaines and Irish that were amongst the prisoners to strengthen our Regiment which his Majesty granting directed a Cavalier with me unto the Generall commanding I should have them I was overjoyed thinking to get a recreut of old Souldiers and the Cavalier having declared his Majesties will unto the Generall the Generall said with all his heart I should have them and when I had made tryall to finde out the number there were but three Irish amongst them all and being disappointed of a strong Recreut I did over-see those to follow their Camerades and being returned his Majesty asked me how I sped I told his Majesty Britaines were so farre addicted to his Majesty and the cause that few of them served the Emperour whereupon I intreated his Majesty for some Dutch but his Majesty refusing promised to put me and the Regiment alone upon an occasion where I should get not onely the prisoners but good booty also The next morning continuing our march towards Hall the most part of my folkes were commanded for the intaking of the Castle of Hall the party being commanded by the Colonell of the Artillery Captaine William Stewart Clare his brother then Captaine under our Regiment was commanded with the commanded men the Castle being taken by accord we did get fifty old Souldiers that tooke service under our Regiment His Majesty on the Sabboth day in the morning went to Church to give thankes to God for his by-past victories this church being the Bishops Cathedrall seate I did heare there sung the sweetest melodious musicke that could be heard where I did also see the most beautifull women Dutchland could affoord The next day the Duke of Saxon with a princely traine came unto Hall to congratulate his Majesties victory and was invited to sup with his Majesty where they made merry and the next day held counsell how to maintaine the warres and how they should prosecute their victory where it was concluded that his Majesty with his Army should advance towards Erford and then over Duringer Valt unto Franconia and that the Dukes Army should march unto Silezia and towards the Crantzis or Fronâ—iers of Bohemia After this conclusion his Majesty sent post unto Spruce to call the Chancellor of Sweden from thence to he at Hall as Legate for his Majesty to disburden him of the politicke affaires having burthen enough of the military employment and of the receiving and dispatching of forraine Ambassadors and till the Chancellors coming he did leave Colonell Winckle with a strong Garrison in Hall having wisely fore-seene both the way how to prosecute his victory as also to maintaine his Conquest The eighteenth Observation THIS great Army of Generall Tillies being defeated did seperate themselves in great Troopes and bands especially the foote who ought ever to stand well and fight with courage bouldly in field and not to suffer themselves to be rent though the horsemen should runne away and being they cannot runne so fast for their safeties my counsell then shall be ever to them to fight well for victory and though they should lose all hope of victory I would not have them to disbandon or scatter but rather to stand together till at last they might get honourable quarters for themselves rather then shamefully to be cut off in flying away Here we see that the foote Souldiers suffer ever the greatest losse in extremity and they have ever least gaines though most credit but we see his Majesty with clemency doth follow the example of the ancient Romans who of all victories thought that victory best which least was stained with bloud having given quarters and service to three thousand Emperiall Souldiers without drawing one drop of bloud Likewise we see here the continuance of his Majesties industry and diligence aswell in prosecuting his victory as he was valiant in obtaining of it in the one as in the other vindicating his owne honour and the honour of his noble friends shewing after the fury was past his clemency and meekenesse towards his enemies yet who ever was more valiant than he being ever in all his on-sets a Leader And as we see his Majesties valour and diligence in prosecuting his victory so we see also his care in supplying the weakenesse of his Army as a wise Generall should doe in not letting his enemies see the weakenesse of his Army which ought never to be knowne to those who would rejoyce at the same Likewise here I did observe a great thankefulnesse in a King in acknowledging openly in view of an Army the good service done by his servants wherein I did especially see his love to our Nation beyond all others that did serve him to make other Nations emulous of their glory in following of their vertues and though his Majesty used them here rather like unto friends then to servants it should not make them the more sawcy but rather the more humble as both Officers and Souldiers did verifie in promising the continuance of their faithfull obedience and of better service as the Lord would enable them on the next occasions Likewise we did see here how few of our Nation are induced to serve those Catholique Potentates and for my part I finde the reason good for if we have any enemies in Europe it must be those that would not onely overthrow our estates at home if they could but also would force us if it lay in their powers to make shipwracke of our consciences by leading us unto Idolatry Moreover we see here that his Majesty and the Duke of Saxon having once beene companions of danger together they were then entertaining one anothers familiarity in renewing of their friendship confirmed againe with the German custome in making their League the firmer by drinking brother-ship together where I having entred the Hall and being seene by his Majesty I was presently kindely embraced by houlding his Arme over my shoulder wishing I could beare as much drinke as old Generall Major Ruthven that I might helpe his Majesty to make his Guests merry and holding me fast by the hand calling to the Duke of Saxon declared unto him what service our Nation had done his Father and him and the best last at Leipsigh commending in particular to the Duke Colonell Hepburne and Lumsdell and having called Colonell Hepburne unto him he did reiterate the former discourse and much more in commendation of the Scots In the continuance of this warre in Germany as the sequell of the Story will prove from the Balticke coast unto the Alpes and Tyroll where Colonell Hepburne was sent out as Colonell to
command a party I was sent with him as his second being ever much obliged unto him not onely for his love on those occasions but also for his good counsell he being long before me in the Swedens service And as we were oft Camerades of danger together so being long acquainted we were Camerades in love first at Colledge next in our travells in France at Paris and Poictiers Anno 1615. till we met againe in Spruce at Elben in August 1630. Nothing therefore in my opinion more worthy to be kept next unto Faith then this kinde of friendship growne up with education confirmed by familiarity in frequenting the dangers of warre and who is more worthy to be chosen for a friend then one who hath showne himselfe both valiant and constant against his enemies as the worthy Hepburne hath done who is generally so well knowne in Armies that he needes no testimony of a friend having credit and reputation enough amongst his enemies To conclude then this observation as I begunne it I cannot but commend his Majesties wisdome and fore-sight in bringing the Rex-chancellor Oxensterne on the Dutch bottome to be second to his Majesty and to free him of a part of his buthens by placeing him at Hall as Legate being Centrum Germaniâ— The ninteenth Duty discharged of our March from Hall towards Erfort in Duringland HIS Majesty having left Colonell Winckle at Hall as Governour with a strong Garrison to command the Towne he ordained and left the Duke of Anhalt as Stat-houlder not only over the Towne but also over the whole Stifft of Madeburg having taken leave of the Duke of Saxon after many protestations and promises of mutuall friendship our march did continue towards Erfort and before our up-breaking the Castle of Leipsigh was given over by accord unto the Duke of Saxon and the Dukes Army was also marching towards Silesia and Bohemia The seventeenth of September our first nights quarter was taken at a Dorpe two miles from Hall where those of Erfort being so displeased at our coming as unwilling to entertaine such Guests they being all Catholiques Iesuits and Monkes being mightily afraid they did send their Commissioners before them to treate with his Majesty but his Majesty did give them their answers by Duke William of Wymar that they should quit the Catholique faction and give their oath of fidelity to his Majesty of Sweden and that they should take in his Garrisons within their Towne and render up to his Majesty the Castle of Eryackburg with the Colleges to come in his Majesties will who should suffer them to be untroubled in their Religion paying their contribution to the warres like the other Burgers and country The Commissioners thinking their conditions to be hard they tooke leave of his Majesty promising to referre the businesse to the Towne and Clergie and they being departed the Duke of Wymar with a Regiment of horse was directed after them having charge to ride as hard as they could and entering the Portes with a few horse at the first commanded the Guard to lay downe their Armes which hardly they could refuse the rest being so neere they entred the Towne and marched peaceably unto the market place which caused an extraordinary feare amongst the Burgers and yet a greater terrour amongst the Clergy The Councell being called to come on the market place they were commanded to render the Towne keyes unto the Duke who getting the keyes the Towne was taken without bloud The twenty two of September his Majesty having quartered the greatest part of the Army without the Towne he entred the Towne with eight thousand men foote and horse which were all quartered within the Towne and Cloisters having all free entertainment in abundance some of the Clergy removed themselves those who pleased to stay were not troubled but in their meanes and his Majesty promised unto the Towne and Councell the free enjoyment of their former liberties His Majesty having rested the Army some few dayes Duke William of Wymar was made Stat-houlder who had absolute command over three thousand horse and foote getting also full power to take in the contribution and to give out Patents for leavying of horse and foote Regiments for his Majesties service My cozen the Baron of Fowles with his Regiment of foote being left there in Garrison tooke afterwards Patent of the Duke of Wymar for leavying a Regiment of horse which he after brought to passe His Majesty giving direction for repairing the fortifications of the Towne there were Orders given to the Armie to be in readinesse for to march over Durengerwalt unto Franconia and the Regiment had orders to provide their Souldiers sufficiently of Pikes and Muskets being desired to send unto Erfort for such as they stood in need of The nineteenth Observation HIs Majestie as he was valourous and diligent in conquering so hee was carefull to maintaine his Conquest the one being as necessarie as the other Likewise we see his Majesties wisedome in appointing the Duke of Anhalt in respect of his power in those quarters to be Stat-holder at Hall and over the Stifft of Madeburg till the Chancellor of Swedens comming where we see that His Majestie for his owne Aimes did make no difference betwixt Protestants and Lutherans but made a like use of them both For though the Duke of Anhalt was a Protestant he being powerfull in those Quarters to doe His Majestie service being Father in law to Duke William of Wymar this Commaund was imposed upon him Here also at Erfort being the first part in Dutchland belonging unto the Catholique League as appertaining to the Bishopricke of Mentz notwithstanding we see His Majestie clemencie towards the Papists in using no violence against them save onely Iure Belli as those who were conquer'd by the sword His Majestie did exacte of them contribution to the warres and their fidelitie in giving their Oathes to be true unto His Majestie in doing no harme unto his person or Armie by entertaining correspondence with his enemies and on those termes His Majestie was pleased to let them remaine untroubled in their consciences and those that were scrupulous to give this Oath were suffered to depart in peace and those who were contented to give it could not say they were injured Here then we see that Princes Charters are no others over their conquered lands than their sworde and the Oath of fidelitie It is reported of Peter Counâ— of Savoyâ— that he coming to give his Oath of fidelitie to the Emperour Otto the fourth he came presenting himselfe before the Emperour the one halfe of his body clad over with cloth of gold and his left side clad over with glittering Armour the one to testifie the honour and respect he carryed to the Emperour the other how ready he was to fight against his enemies or those that durst speake evill of His Majestie and being asked for his Charters which he had of lands given him in time of warres he drew his sworde saying here they
who in all Kingdomes as in Germanie had their Cloisters as here and at Erfort and he was a Scots man that brought the Christian Religion first into Franconia but was evill rewarded being there afterwards murthered It was the custome observed ordinarily by his Majesty of Sweden to make use of our countrimen on service wherein he desired they should shew themselves examplary to others as at this time he made choice of Sr. Iames Ramsey and Sr. Iohn Hamilton to be the first should adventure of the whole Army to force the enemy to give way to his Majesty to set his Army over the Maine where on that bridge Major Bodwell and his brother being killed were buried in Wurtzburg Church leaving the Trophie of their valour amongst strangers in honour of the Nation that was ever glorious abroad Sr. Iohn Hamilton disdaining the orders his Majesty did give for storming the Castle having employed the Sweds and Dutch on the storme neglecting him and the Scots who had made the way to the rest in the extremity of the danger the Cavalier I say therefore disdaining the service seeing his countrimen neglected he desired of his Majesty his honourable passe which his Majesty delayed promising to give content another time which he utterly refused but tooke his passe seeing he thought the Nation was wronged for which in my opinion he merits praise for if many such Cavaliers thus served strangers that would not care for them nor their service when once they begin to neglect them others that were but Cavaliers of Fortune of the Nation would be the better respected and used Which should teach all Cavaliers that serve truely abroad to take their time with credit of those they serve seeing they doe not respect Cavaliers but when they have most use of them Here then we see that no strength be it never so strong is able to hould out when as God doth not watch the Fort the watch-man watches in vaine and we see by the submission of Franconie after this victory that the victorious Ensignes are ever followed for where Fortune doth favour there the Commons doe follow and their study also with their favour followes the victorious Here also we see Generall Tillie though beaten at Leipsigh in lesse then five weekes time he drawes together againe a strong Army with Fifty thousand men and lies downes within three miles of his Majesties Army but his Majesty having wisely beset the passes on the Maine before his comming winter drawing neere and the country being a streite country by nature for woods hills and water As also furrage and provision for horses being taken out of his way his horsemen in that country were made unprofitable for him to stay there for lacke of entertainment which was defective for his foote also so that it was impossible for him to stay long so seeing his Majesty had resolved in that country and for that season to make a defensive warre having divided his Army both horse and foote within Townes and strengthes he suffered Tillie to ruine his young Novices with marches in cold weather who being for the most part French and Italians could not endure the cold ayre of that country being hilly His Majesty having beset all the Garrisons on the Maine streame he suffered Tillie as he did the yeare before in Pomeren and Madeburg and the Markes to traverse with his Army in the cold while as he lay still with his Souldiers within the warme stove and when he found the storme over-past he was ready to neglect no time The twenty one Duty discharged at Oxenford on the the Maine in Franconia HIS Majesty having intelligence that Generall Tillie had intention to have fallen on Oxenford to patronize the passe over the Maine where his Majesty had sent but one hundred and fifty musketiers whom he judged to be too weake for defending of the Towne and considering with himselfe the enemy might likewise pursue Wurtzburg having made but a faint at Oxenford and perhaps his intention might be to pursue both alike his Majesty under night coming alone on horsebacke from the Castle towards my quarter being then in the remotest part of the whole Towne I being at supper his Majesties foote-man tould me the King was below and desired I should come unto him being come to his Majesty he commanded me in all haste to bring our Briggad in Armes and to draw them up on that part against his returne and to command Sr. Iohn Hepburne in his name to meete him there which immediatly being obeyed accordingly his Majesty being returned commanded Hepburne to leade off the Musketiers of the whole Briggad being then eight hundred and to follow his Majesty whether so ever he went who commanded me to bring up the Reare leaving our Colours and pike-men behinde us there till further orders we marched on in the night halfe a mile without the Towne before we knew whether we were going or what the exploite could be that we were going on having left both our horses and servants behinde us at last his Majesty acquainting Colonell Hepburne with his designe he marched towards Oxenford being convoyed with foure score horses alongst the side of the Maine and we followed with our foote marching in seven houres those foure miles and before two of the clocke in the morning we arrived there without halt or drawing of breath by the way At our coming we were let in alongst the bridge unto the market place where our Souldiers after this wearisome march were commanded to stay by their Armes all night in readinesse and houses were appointed for the Officers to remaine in all night The next morning by day light his Majesty did send for Colonell Hepburne and me and tells he was going to visit the walles without and he commanded to send two hundred musketiers of our Regiment towards the Port before him which being done his Majesty accompanied with some Cavaliers walked out and the night before at his Majesties coming to Towne he had directed fifty horse to watch halfe a mile without the Towne betwixt him and the enemy At his Majesties out-going we heare the enemies Dragoniers with some horsemen making service against the watch who were forced to retire whereupon his Majesty commanded me to send forth fifty musketiers with a Lievetenant to skirmish with the enemy till the horsemen might retire the musketiers being advanced they skirmished with the enemy in view of his Majesty houlding up the enemy till the horsemen were Horne towards Bambridge as also having weakened his Armie by beseting the Garrisons on the Maine not keeping above eight thousand foote and horse by himselfe at Wurtzburg while as Generall Tillie Altringer Feucker and the Duke of Loraine had joyned their forces together making up fiftie thousand men of intention to force a passe over the Maine to come at His Majestie His Majestie being sure Tillie would not harme the Countrie being Papists he resolved by cunctation and delaies to wearie him with a
defensive warre keeping the maine strength of his Army within Wurtzburg being well provided of all furniture for horse and man he begunne to strengthen the Towne with the spade and the shovell in making of redoutes and skonces without it in manner of a Winter Leaguer he also caused Scaffold the walles round about within the Towne and fearing his coming on Oxenford he did the like discharging all duties himselfe from one place to an other as became a wise Generall that did foresee the designes of his â—nemie by a timely prevention according to the accidents circumstances and situation of places seeing his enemies strong and himselfe weake he tooke the first advantage This charge of a Generall to an Armie is a place of such weight and importance that few ought to long to intrude themselves in this kinde of Generall command being subject to infinite chances and altogether divers almost every houre set before him Truly though this King had a rare judgement wit and dexteritie with great experience in his Command Neverthelesse to speake truth all the time I did follow his Majestie on occasions being neere three yeeres I did never see His Majestie so much troubled in minde and resolution as at this time in Oxenford not knowing well himselfe what to resolve the enemie being behind him and before him able to pursue Wurtzburg and Oxenford alike and to my minde if he had he might have carried both at that time for our Armie was not only scattered and diâ—persed but also we were weake and which was worse we were all of us discontented being too much toyled with marching working and watching without any pay or gaines for honest men At this time his Majestie stood in neede of assistance and good Counsell having enemies on all hands and a strong enemy the Country also unsure being unfriends and Papists and he being wise resolved without giving Battaile his best was to presse to overcome them with the season with hunger and cold with marches and delayes keeping himselfe within walles he knew well twelve Souldiers with a good Officer to direct them were better being willing to attend than a hundred naked and hungry Souldiers without whereby his enemies Armie were undone without hurt or detriment of his owne being well commanded and well foreseene and provided of all necessaries having given them besides as reward of their former services a little money knowing well how hungry men could be contented with little in time of neede for he resolved if the enemy pursued him hard within Wurtzburg he could not suffer himselfe to be beleaguered with a strong Armie in a straite place and to goe to the Fields with a discontented weake Armie which it behooved him to doe was not good The consideration of this forced him to give some moneys in hand to content them and hand-writ and assignations for more moneys to be payd unto them out of Newrenberg within six moneths afterwards As also his Majestie knew well the enemies Armie neere hand hearing there was money given out by his Majestie that it was the onely way to weaken and dissolve the enemies Armie in making their Souldiers runne away and to take service under his Majestie which in effect accordingly fell out for it being neere Winter and their Armie marched away their stragling Souldiers did strengthen our Garrisons having taken service under us having but heard of the brute of money that was given ouâ— amongst us Where we see how necessary it was at this time in such a dangerous extremitie for this little Armie to have beene commanded by a wise Generall that steered his course aright in middest of the greatest tempest like to a skilfull marriner where an arrogant fellow without skill that had commanded had made shipwracke of all As his Majestie was wise and moderate in his Command so those who obeyed were faithfull and intire to their Superiour Here inferiours whom Fortune favoureth though weakest were subject in all things to him who was Fortunes Minion and Mars his equall Gustavus the Invincible that by his wisedome and foresight forced old Tillie to retire to Nurenberg having gained nothing but losse which retreate was the presage of his future ruine at the Leacke where it enters into the Danow Here also we are instructed as well by his Majesties politique government as by his military He being alike expert in both discharging the dutie of a King and a Generall Tam Arte quam Marte for the enemy was no sooner gone but incontinent his Majestie caused serve his publique Edicts for bringing in the Country-men to give their oaths of fidelitie moving them thereto partly by compulsion and partly by promises of dutie and of libertie to their Consciences two strong Arguments to move those to obedience who had seene their friends forced to turne backes upon them from whom under God they did expect Reliefe to come Moreover we see here that those who are honoured by God are also worthy of honour from their equalls other Kings Princes and Confederates sending their Ambassadours unto them to congratulate their good Fortunes and successe as also to Treate with them in matters belonging to their mutuall States and standing at this time also there were Commissioners sent from Vlme Strasburg Nurenberg and Francford treating with His Majestie for themselves apart as free from the bodie of the Empire And such feathers his Majestie was glad to get out of the Emperours wings knowing the more he wanted of such feathers the worse he could flie and some of them were light changing as the winde To conclude then whom fortune favoures the world laughs on as may be seene here by the example of Lievetenant Colonell Howbalt after the intaking of Hanow by meere fortune being surprized which was the occasion this Cavalier was so suddenly made up in getting Command over horse and foote from Livetenant Colonell who foure yeeres before was Sergeant under the blew Regiment Yet notwithstanding the good he had received under his Majestie and his Crowne he afterwards quit them and their service in their greatest extreamitie which was unthankfully done of him being more unkindly then friendly The twenty second Duty discharged of our March from Wurtzburg to Francford on the Maine HIS Majesty having beset Wurtzburg Castle with a strong Swedens Garrison under command of Colonell Axellille preparation being made for the march the Colonell of the Artillery Leonard Richardson a Swede was directed downe the Maine with the great Cannon and three hundred commanded musketiers of Scots of Sr. Iames Ramsey his Regiment comanded by Alexander Hanan being a discreete Cavalier of good command and conduct and valorous also they had abundance of Cannon fire-workes Amunition and all other furniture belonging to Artillery with them by water having got orders to take in all strengths on the Maine which lay in their way where they and he who commanded them made good booty having taken in severall Castles and Miltenburg also and from thence continued their course
Protectour of their faith and Religion and consequently of their freedome and their countries freedome and for their rewards to my knowledge they were inriched three yeares together by the hant of the Army with the substance of the foure upper Circles of Germany which in th' end they rewarded with unthankefulnesse and doubtlesse will be punished for it sometime Here also we have the power of example for the Towne of Francford having taken his Majesty of Sweden for their Protector following their examples the two Landgraves Hessen and Darmstat with the Earles of the Veteraw desire also to be in the confederacy and were most gladly accepted of Vlme Nurenberg and Strasburg ended also their confederacy with his Majesty after the example of Francford promising supply of men money and victualls for the Army Amunition and horses for the Artillery with abundance of Armes for horse and foote with powder ball match waggons spades shovells Pikes mattockes axes and all other things fitting for the advancement of the warres Here was a greate conquest without stroake of sword shewing unto us the number of friends we get when fortune smiles on us but how soone this Heroicke Person is but once gone and that fortune beginneth to frowne then these variable friends quit their confederacy againe following the strongest for which one day the sword of their enemies will come amongst them with hunger and pestilence At this time the Queenes Majesty of Sweden was come to Statiâ— and from thence on her journey towards Francford Here also the Kings Majesty of Bohemia was come to visit his Majesty of Sweden and was Royally received by his Majesty as likewise by the Lords of Francford and was wonderfully well liked of by the whole Communalty of the Cities and Countries where ever his Majesty did come Here also the Marquesse of Hamilton did come unto his Majesty againe being followed like a Prince and well respected by both the Kings The Ambassadors of Britaine and of France were there also and the Rex-chancellor of Sweden being come with the Queenes Majesty and Sir Patricke Ruthvene come from Spruce were all made welcome to this Court then at Francford which was not inferiour to the Emperours owne Court in respect of great confluence of people that came from all parts to congratulate the Lyon of the north his victories and to admire his fortunes being so increased in two yeares time that all things succeeded happily unto his Majesty according to his owne hearts desire The twenty third Duty discharged of the intaking of the Skonce at Oppenham and his Maiesties crossing the Rhine HIS Majesty having viewed and well recognosced the Skonce on the Rhine over against Oppenham the River being interjected betwixt it and the Towne his Majesty did leade Colonell Hepburnes Briggad and Colonell Winckles being the blew with some cannon great and small before it where his Majesty did stay till the Batteries were made and the approaches begun then leaving the command on Colonell Hepburne with tempestuous cold weather with hard frosts and snow we lay downe on the fields having no shelter but some bushes by the side of the Rhine The Skonce was really fortified with Fossees that were broad deepe and full of water with a draw-bridge over the Moate and the Skonce was well beset with a thousand men and well provided of victualls fire and Amunition having free passage at their pleasure without danger from the Towne unto the Skonce and backe againe The Castle and the hill on the other side of the Rhine being mounted high their cannon from their batteries did cleanse and scowre the fields about the Skonce being a razed Champange and plaine without any shelter of their batteries on the other side they plagued us still with cannon especially in the night time while it behooved us to have fire which was their marke so that sundry were lost and one night sitting at supper a Bullet of thirty two pound weight shot right out betwixt Colonell Hepburnes shoulder and mine going through the Colonells Coach the next shot kill'd a Sergeant of mine by the fire drinking a pipe of Tobacco This night the enemy made an out-fall to try his valour thinking to beate us from our cannon but he was bravely repulsed by push of Pike slightly esteeming of their muskets and scorning to use ours with sharpe points of pikes conveied them home to their Craffe The next day in the morning knowing his Majesty had crossed the Rhine they did capitulate with Colonell Hepburne who did give them being Italians more honourable quarters then in truth their carriage did deserve having got licence to march out Bag and Baggage with full Armes with a convoy to the next Garrison they being marched his Majesty having crossed the Rhine in the night where the Spaniard made some resistance but in vaine his Majesty having got over the next morning he marched towards Openham in the Paltz on the one side of the Towne and we setting over also we pursued the Towne and the Castle on the other side but Sr. Iames Ramsey his musketiers being led by their Major finding a privy passage about the Castle they stormed over the walles coming betwixt the outward Skonce and the castle and finding the draw-bridge downe on a sudden they entered the Castle and put all to the sword the rest of the enemy finding the Castle to be in they runne all to storme the Skonce on which were nine Companies of Italians with their colours their Officers finding the castle surprized behinde them and the storme going on before them they threw downe their Armes calling for quarters which was granted but their colours taken from them they willing to take service were all disposed by his Majesty to Sr. Iohn Hepburne who was not only a Colonell unto them but a kinde Patron putting them in good Quarters till they were armed and clad againe But their unthankfulnesse was such that they stayed not but disbandoned all in Bireland for having once got the warme ayre of the Summer they were all gone before Winter The twenty-third Observation HERE then we see that it is the dutie of all wise Generals of intention to beleaguer Citie Fort or Strength first to recognosce and having once recognosced then to proceed as they finde most advantagious for the Beleaguerer and disadvantagious for the assailed the pursuer must know what number of men are requisite for the pursute as well offensive as defensive In this point of recognoscing his Majesties judgement was wonderfull as in all other practicall duties fitting a great Commander and as his Majesties judgement was great and good so he was of that minde nothing in this kinde could be well done which he did not himselfe neither could his Majestie abide at such times as he went to recognosce any other to accompany him in the danger other reasons doubtlesse His Majestie had which were onely privie unto himselfe This point how necessarie it is for a great Commander to be judicious
his Officers on Hasford and Swineford These newes coming unto his Majesty he prepared for a march unto Franconia bringing the rest of his Majesties forces together that were with the Felt-marshall and he did send unto During to the Duke of Wymar and to Generall Banier to bring their forces together to meete betwixt Nurenberg and Donavert to search out Generall Tilly and about the middest of March 1632. we brake up from Mentz having left the Rex-chancellor Oxensterne and Duke Bernard of Wymar with eight thousand men in the Paltz to attend the Spaniards further intentions on the Rhine The twenty-sixth Observation THE Catholique League seeing the Spaniard terrified in the Paltz and almost beaten away they begun being members of that head to quake and tremble for feare of the Swedens neighbourhood and therefore the Bishops of Mentz Triere Cullen Wurtzburg and of Bambrick presently resolved out of their policy to treat for a neutrality pressing so farre as lay in them to bring the King of France and his Majesty of Sweden to pull at each others beards alleadging the Swedens intentions were only to subvert the Catholique Religion and the professours of Popery as he had already as they alleadged persecuted and banished the Churchmen out of Erford Wurtzburg Francford Hickst and out of all other parts where they were whereupon his Majesty of France notwithstanding of his confederacy with the King of Sweden was commoved at his crossing the Rhine fearing he might bring the Catholique League on his side and then turnâ— his Armes against France which suspitions wrought an Ambassage from his Majesty of France towards his Majesty of Sweden for treaty of neutrality betwixt the King of Sweden and the Catholique League which in th' end turned to nothing Where we see that all Potentates and great Kings doe keepe no Confederacy nor League but only so farre as they are helpfull for their owne aimes and designes preferring their benefit before the keeping of their covenants where we see that Kings hand-writings or seales in pactions making tye them no more then as nothing when they finde them prejudiciall to their owne greatnesse and cannot be made to keepe their covenants but with stronger power Then we see here his Majesty of Sweden was nothing moved with the King of France his threatning except he would retire over the Rhine againe seeing he knew his owne ability at that time that being once over the Rhine he could march unto France The consideration whereof made them agree better on secondary conditions having past from the first covenant so that we see there is no dealing with Kings but on equall termes and then are they most reasonable but the example of Kings in this point of their covenants is not to be imitated by any other inferiours for in respect of them though not in respect of God they are privileged persons who cannot be punished for their faults but by God alone And therefore amongst inferiours nothing is to be kept more strict next unto faith unviolated then mens word and promise especially promises betwixt old friends But alas no friendship is permanent seeing many things come betwixt turning it unto hatred and hostility for where love doth not grow the friendship is not durable Likewise here we see his Majesty of France made haste to interpose his request for the weale of the Catholique League shewing himselfe discontented with their usage to make them the more ready to thinke on him before they should any wayes leane in their necessity to the King of Sweden As also we see the policy of the League though in their necessity they seemed to make use of the King of France his friendship yet they would not cast off the house of Austria and King of Spaine their ould friends for the hope they had in their new friend the King of France lest their new friend might disappoint them of their expectations as he did in th' end missing his owne aimes We see also here the Frenches policy in making haste to intercede for the Leagueistes lest the danger might come on himselfe for the King of France hâ—aring the King of Sweden had crossed the Rhine he did not stay to bring his Army together till the League should call for his helpe lest it should be too late but incontinent brought his Army to the Mosell and then sent his Ambassador to Mentâ— to his Majesty of Sweden to treat having his Army at hand which was the only sure way then to get the better conditions knowing the King of Sweden had already too many Irons in the fire Those we see are the best friends that in necessity keepe their paction as the Catholique League did at all times unto the Emperour who otherwise had bin no Emperour neither yet had he bin Emperour had the Evangelists kept together and hazarded their meanes and bloud in defence of the publique cause as the Catholiques did in their greatest necessity once every yeere setting up ever new Armies as one was beaten unto them their wisdome and constancy were so great that presently the next Spring through their power and diligence they had ever another new Army afoote which in th' end made their enemies the Evangelists weary sparing their meanes they suffered in a manner the cause and the publique to be neere lost being since beaten by their owne Armes and meanes seeing they neglected time while as they might employ their meanes to the finall overthrow of their enemies and yet to my knowledge in Germany if they would conjoyne their strengths together constantly against the Papists they are powerfull enough to free all Germany of Popery banishing them over the Alpes from whence they came And I perswade my selfe none that knowes Germany but in his conscience he must confesse this to be truth But when our fellowes in friendship faile us as the Evangelists one after another for a skurvy losse quit the Crowne of Sweden the great Duke of Saxon having left them first breaking his oath and promise in prejudice of the publique peace excluding the Protestants impiously for his owne aimes he did prejudice the Gospell his country and confederates and by his evill example for plaine necessity while a storme should blow over the townes of the upper Circles of the Empire as Strasburg Vlme Nurenberg Francford did accept of an unsetled peace contrary to their mindes in prejudice of the publique losing themselves and the publique for the losse of one day being without their head which first brought them together Here then we see the great difference of friendship in prosperity and in adversity for his Majesty of Sweden being at Francford as a victorious King he had then in his prosperity the conflux of friendship some seeking his protection others his friendship and confederacy others for feare of the dint of his Armes seeking to be Neutrall who before were enemies other Kings and Potentats Republiques and Cities sending their Ambassadours congratulating his successe yea and which was
more and rare to be seene his Majesty of Bohemia in person came unto him to offer him assistance Royall in leavying of an Army for himselfe and was refused 〈◊〉 am willing other Armies should be in Dutchland to be participant of his glory but his owne Where we see Fortunes Favourit laught on by the world but how soone againe Fortune begun to frowne on his successour who having got but one Buffet all men would kill him his friends nomine tenus aswell as his enemies Where we see cleerely that there is no friend in adversity except it be a friend in Christ who will never forsake or leave us This then is the friendship we should make to league and confederate with our brethren in Christ with whom we have unity in Faith if that we would have our friendship durable and constant others will change as the winde blowes plenty or penury upon us being but temporary friends as many of the Dutch are but our brethren in Christ will never totally leave us no not in our greatest wants and extremity of Fortune Which should make us choose such and to live and dye with such fighting for them and their liberties who will never leave us though death sever us but after death they will prove constant friends to our successours as the Germans did not to the Chancellor of Sweden if they succeede unto us in the true and undoubted Faith And to verifie this I can beare witnesse that though the enemy did keepe our brethren in Christ that were in the Pultz under ten yeares bondage Neverthelesse that bondage nor the tyranny used unto them by their enemies made them never forget their fidelity and love to their King and Prince neither yet could their tyranny make them forsake or renounce their faith in Christ but as they continued true â—o God so were they faithfull in their love to their King and Master not only to his Majesty but also shewed their love and kindnesse unto us being his Majesties friends whom they knew to be one in faith with themselves And therefore they were ever ready and willing to undergoe alike danger with us against our common enemies as doth witnesse their assistance given to the Scots of Sir Iames Ramseys Regiment having Conjunct is viribus beaten their enemies on divers occasions The Kings Majesty of Sweden though before this time none of the greatest Kings yet in this warre having begun with a little Army of ten thousand strong in three yeares time he grew so great that he was carelesse of the threatning of the great King of France having entertained then in readinesse foure Armies at once his owne which he led himselfe under which I was still The Felt-marshall Gustavus Hornes Armie Generall Totts Army on the Wazer and the Marquesse of Hamiltons Army with whom Banier was joyned on the Elve These foure Armies his Majesty commanded alike and at one time having the Emperour the King of Spâ—ne the Catholique League and the Duke of Bavier his enemies And though the Duke of Saxon had an Army apart yet his Majestie would not suffer the King of Bohemia the Duke of Lunenburg the Land grave of Hessen nor the Dukes of Wâ—mar to lead Armies in Dutchland but as Subalternes to his Command And I thinke he had reason for if his Majestie of Bohemia had had an Armie in the fields it behooved the Swedens to have beene subalterne to the Dutch and Scots who were then strong in the fields in commanding strangers as they did their owne Country-men Notwithstanding of all these forces led and commanded by his Majestie of Sweden we see that the Empire is like a depth without a bottome that cannot be sounded For though they lost severall Battailes their power was so great that incontinent they made up Armies againe one after another for the space of twentie yeares together so that with difficultie they made the body of the Empire to stand though the wings were very neere clipped by his Majestie of Sweden who in three yeares time subdued the most part of the Empire and with his owne little Armie in one Winter freed the Paltz of the Spanish Forces except Heidelberg alone on which occasions those of our Nation that followed his Majestie shewed both their valour and their love especially those of my Lord Spence his Regiment seconded well by those of my Lord Rhees Regiment and Sir Iames Ramseys worthy Regiment were well seconded by Colonell Lodowicke Lesâ—yes Regiment which formerly were Sir Iohn Hamiltons These foure Regiments of foote having followed his Majesties owne person in all occasions were worthy their deeds should be Registred to all posteritie Other six Regiments of Scots under Generall Tott and two of English being yonger in the service than the former foure were also shorter of continuance whose actions I cannot relate but by Information Therefore I will be sparing lest I should derogate from their worth or oversee my selfe At this time also there were a great many worthy Cavaliers of our Nation under his Majestie who for their long experience and valour had attained to the honour not onely to be trusted before others with Governments but also were honoured in commanding of strangers both Dutch and Swedens whereof some were employed in Dutchland some in Sweden some in Liffeland and some in Spruce all alike serving their Master to his minde where he liked best to make use of them for the weale and advancement of his service Sir Patricke Ruthven Generall Major and Governour of Vlme Colonell over Dutch to foote and to horse Sir Alexander Lesly Generall Major and Governour over the whole Cities alongst â—he Balticke Coast Sir David Drummond Generall Major and Governour of Statin over a Regiment of Swedens Sir Iohn Hepburne Colonell over the Scots Briggad Generall Major King Colonell to horse and foote of Dutch Colonell Carrâ— Colonell to foote of Scots Sir Iohn Ruthâ—â—â— Generall Major Colonell of Dutch Colonell Robert Monro of Fowles Colonell to foote and to horse over Dutch The Earle of Crawford Colonell to foote oâ—er Dutch Colonell Baily Colonell to foote over Dutch Colonell Ramsey Governour of Creâ—â—snough and Commander of Dutch Colonell Alexander Hamilton Colonell of Scots Sir Iames Ramsey Colonell of foote over Scots Sir William Ballentine Colonell over English Colonell Dowglas Colonell of Dutch horsemen Colonell Hâ—me Colonell of Dutch horsemen Colonell Alexander Lâ—sly the younger Colonell to foote over Dutch Colonell Iohn Lesly Colonell to foote over Scots Colonell William Gunne Colonell to foote over Dutch Colonell Kiâ—â—iâ—mond Colonell of Swedens Colonell Hugh Hamilton Colonell to foote over Dutch Colonell 〈◊〉 Forbesse and his brother both Colonells to foote over strangers Colonell Iohn Forbesse Colonell to foote over Dutch Colonell Alexander Forbesse called the bald Colonell to foote over Dutch which all with the former twelve Regiments were employed severally upon the Dutch bottome during his Majesties time and since to the great credit of their Nation as likewise other Cavaliers of them were
of Daâ—berg where Lievetenant Colonell Buckoy that had the command of the Emperialists was sore wounded a Rut-master of the Câ—abbats and a Lievetenant was kill'd and aboue twenty six Souldiers besides a hundred and thirty were taken prisoners The newes came to his Majesty on our march which we continued from Winsâ—n on Wolmersdoâ—ffe and from thence the next day being the twentith of March to Furt a passe on the River of Pegnâ—ts a mile from Nurenberg where the Army lay but one night so long as his Majesty did visit Nurenberg and the next day our march continued towards a little Towne called Schawbach where his Majesty rested the Army two dayes till that the Duke of Wymars forces with Generall Banier coming from During were come within one dayes march of us his Majesties intentions being towards Donavert on the Danube where my Cozen Fâ—â—les with both his Regiments joyned with us His Majesty of Sweden accompanied with the King of Bohemia and Palsgrave Augustus and divers Princes more before their coming to Nurenberg they were met by the Lords of the Towne with a great convoy on horsbacke and were most nobly welcomed where the whole inhabitants were overjoyed at the sight of his Majesty of Sweden but chiefely their affections most abundantly did extend towards his Majesty of Bohemia which is impossible for any tongue to expresse But well I know my eyes did see their eyes shedding teares of joy being overjoyed with the sight of two Kings at once as they thought sent by the King of Kings for their reliefes and to make their welcome the more respected the whole City Burgers and Souldiers were in their brightest Armes and being conveyed unto the City they were sumptuously banqueted and in testimony of their love they gifted unto his Majesty of Sweden foure halfe Cartowes with all furniture belonging to them together with two silver Globes one Coelestiall the other Terrestiall there were also presented unto him drinking Credence many with some Antiquities that were rare and with all testifying their affection in way of complement they assure his Majesty that not only with words but with their whole estate they were ready to serve the common cause to die and live with his Majesty in the defence of the publique His Majesty thus taking leave of Nurenberg promises to continue their friend and shewes them he was to goe with his Army towards the Danow streame to see how to get a passe over the Danow for to visit the Duke of Bavier and he hoped he would make Tilly with his Army to retire thence But Tilly finding his Majesties Army growing still stronger and stronger he retired backe unto the upper Palatinat and from thence he crossed the Danow to joyne with the Duke of Bavaria to hinder our coming unto Bavaria being then of his owne forces neere eighteene thousand men foote and horse But many of them were new leavied folkes and the Duke of Bavaria had also a strong Armie together but for the most part they were such as could not indure the noise or whisling of the Cannon Bullets By this time Grave Henry William Fonselins being shot in the leg before Bamberg was departed at Swineford of a burning fâ—aver contracted through the paine of the shot whose death his Majestie of Sweden did much lament The twenty-seventh Observation THE fifth of March 1632. his Majestie having left sure footing in the Paltz with a bridge over the Rhine and the Mayne where it enters into the Rhine where also was begunne as the Trophee of his victorie the foundation of a Citie and strength called Gustavus-Burg Then in the beginning of the Spring we sprung forth from the Rhine towards the Danow streame being on this march royally accompanyed by his Majestie of Bohemia whom his Majestie esteemed of as of himselfe in all quartering ordaining his quarters before his owne continuing the march through Franconia in suretie having the yeere before freed that whole circle from the enemie so that the Iâ—habitants had given their Oaâ—h of fealtie unto His Majestie This March was pleasant through a plentifull Countrie at this time being a prâ—gresse befitting two Kings with a Royall Armie and forces from other partes joyning with us as we drew neere our enemies we made all sure behinde us both for our Retreates in case of neede as also for the safetie of those were to come after us and thirdly for the furnishing our Armie in Amunition and victuals to be brought unto us in case of want His Majestie here being of intention to get a passe over the Danow having before made the Towne of Vlme sure for his retreate for the more abundance his Majestie resolved to have the passe of Donavert being the right passe betwixt Nurenberg and Ausburg Before Tillyes Armie could joyne with the Duke of Baviere his Majestie resolved it was not best to give them time but with celeritie concluded to march towards them knowing it was but follie and madnesse to stay till they were joyned and the Duke of Baviere being assured of his Majesty comming to visit his Countrie he closed the passes the best â—e could both Donavert Rhine and Ratisbone And as he did beset well the frontier Garrisons before his Majesties comming he also very circumspectly betimes tooke all victuals out of his Majesties way towards Engolstat as a wise Commander ought to doe where he made his Magazin being the onely part he was assured of for his retreate and such a parte as he knew well we were not able to get without treason and then being assured he had time to provide an Armie to oppose his Majesty himselfe not being taken unawares It is the dutie of all good Commanders at their downe lying and uprising from quarters to be very carefull to prevent fire seeing thereby the whole Armie may be endangered by the losse of men Amunition Armes and Artillery and since such losse is irrecoverable our care should be the greater to avoyde the hurt And therefore Order should be given to all Guardes to make diligent roundes over the Quarters to prevent the like accidents and to give Orders to the Gavilliger and his servants to oversee all fires and to see them quencht at all upbreakings and dislodging otherwise the enemy being neere great inconvenience might happen and if any enemy at such times trusting to our disorder should offer to invade us finding the contrary it were easie to beate them backe as also it were a fit time to try their valour they being more than halfe afraid But I will advise all you that desire to gaine credit to seeke out your enemy rather than to stay his comming unto you and by this meanes haply you may set up your Trophees in his owne Country to speake to posteritie as doth Gustavus-Burg betwixt the Maine and the Rhine The twenty-eight Dutie discharged of our March to Donavert for the In-taking of it THE twenty-fourth of March his Majestie with the Armie continued the march from Schwabach towards
where they were set off the Towne Councell that were knowne to be Papists and Protestants were placed So that the fourteenth of Aprill his Majesty entred the Towne going first unto the Church called St. Annes Church and there in presence of his Majesty of Bohemia Palsgrave Augustus and Duke William of Wymar Duke Hannes of Howlsten Markgrave Christopher Fontarlach and Bawden and other Potentats and Ambassadours did heare a Sermon and praised God for the victory obtained against their enemies The Text being taken out of the twelfth Psalme and fifth verse For the oppression of the needy and for the sighes of the poore I will now up saith the LORD and will set at liberty him whom the wicked had snared After Sermon his Majesty went to the market place where some Swedens Regiments were brought and where the Burgers were also injoyned to come to present their service unto his Majesty and a table being set openly and covered a present was sent to his Majesty from the new set Protestant Councell of Corne Fish and Wine and the next day being the fifteenth of Aprill his Majesty with the whole Army was ready to march unto Bavaria The twenty ninth Observation GENERALL Tillie being neere unto his end behooved to make a march unto Bambricke to shew the Swedens by his retreat the right passe unto Bavaria with his owne death Wherin we have a notable example of an old expert Generall who being seventy two yeeres of age was ready to die in defence of his Religion and Country and in defence of those whom he served being then Generall for the Catholique League which end of his should encourage all brave Cavaliers following the laudable profession of Armes to follow his example in life and death as valorous Souldiers where we see that though death be fatall unto all yet such a death as happened unto this old Generall is only proper unto the valiant who though often contemned death and eschewed death during the warfare yet at last he is overtaken by Gods Almighty hand and power though formerly in his life-time he had escaped by the same providence many dangers And sometimes we see in the very entrance of warres some suddenly taken away to teach us alwayes to trust more unto God then unto the arme of man which is but a vaine strength Likewise though this worthy Generall did fight often and obtained many notable victories till this time against Kings yet at last he is overcome by a King and a more skilfull Generall then he was and though before the battaile of Leipsigh he did give no higher title to his Majesty then to a Cavalier Neverthelesse his Majesty hearing of his death called him Honourable old Tilly whose Acts were so Heroicke in his life time that after his death they were his everlasting monuments making his memory eternall suffering his name never to roâ—with the time And my wish were I might prove as valiant in advancing Christs Kingdome though I should die in the quarrell as he was forward in hindering of it my death then should not be bitter unto my friends I leaving an immortall name behinde me Also here we see the great force of Artillery either in forcing of passes against our enemies or in maintaining of passes with a little advantage of ground for seventy two peeces of Ordinance with such continuance were of mighty force to make passage to an Army for this victory was obtained by the force of our Cannon alone which made the enemy runne away before we could come at them to fight and the discouragment given unto them by the losse of their Leaders caused their disorder and consequently safety to us in our passage Where we see that as victorie is from God so the helpe judgment and dexterity of good Commanders is furthersome to the victory as the lawfull meanes ordained by God Moreover we see here how easie it is for a victorious Armie that is once master of the Field to take in Frontier Garrisons while as they are possessed instantly with a Panicke feare especially being taken at the Stot or rebound before they have time to disgest their feare But had Generall Tilly drawne up his Army out of reach of his Majesties Cannon and resolved to suffer his Majesty to have set over his Army the passe being so narrow that â—carce three men could march in Front Tillies advantage had bin the greater to receive them as they came who might have cut them off by divisions which had bin more to his credit yet we see as the Prophet saies Excâ—pt the LORD watch the watch-man watcheth in vaine And we see God would have these people punished for their former cruelties and therefore he tooke away their judgment and confounded their Counsell making them erre till they ranne to their owne ruine As his Majesties Iudgment in command was great so his Example was good and commendable in giving God thankes in his Church for his victories and for the preservation of his life from danger wherein his Majesty chiefely shewed the example of his Piety and religious exercise for he knew well that Religion and Iustice were the fundaments of all good society and being much inclined unto both he would winne the people by his owne example since of all men it becomes Kings and Princes worst to be irreligious and ungodly for on earth we have nothing more worthy than Religion to be respected and honoured it being unto Heaven our guide on earth the fountaine of our Iustice whereby we governe our affaires well or ill expelling and putting away unjustice or unrighteousnesse for where there is most Religion or piety there also is most happinesse and without her no Crowne can be established and as his Majesty was religious himselfe so he maintained good lawes and good discipline grounded on religion and holinesse of life which made the happy events and fortunate end of his warlike expeditions to follow Blessed therefore shall they be who follow his Majesties example in this as in all other his warlike enterprizes for I dare affirme on my conscience never man served this Master truly whom his Majesty our Master did serve with his heart without a reward The thirtieth Duty discharged of our expedition toward Engolstat THE sixteenth of Aprill his Majesty did breake up with the Army from Ausburg taking his march towards Engolstat of intention to start the Duke of Bavier from thence having left so many of our Army behinde us as tooke in Launceberg Mindelhaim Fussen Showngow and divers other parts in Schwabland by accord where Generall Major Ruthven then Governour of Vlme had brought with his Forces that were also behinde us all the Papists Townes that were betwixt Vlme and Lindaw under his Majesty of Swedens contribution and most part of Schwabland also for which service his Majesty gifted unto him under his hand and seale the Graveshaft or Earldome of Kirkberg lying next adjacent to the City of Vlme which belonged to the Fuckers of Ausburg that
were made Earles by the Emperour from Marchants having turn'd Souldiers to serve his Emperiall Majestie which Graveshaft or Earledome could pay yearely beside Contribution to the warres ten thousand Rex-Dollers being a good augmentation of pay for an old servant who had served long and valourously without the least blot of discredit and retired bravely with meanes and credit to his Country carrying the markes of his valour in his body being above the waste full of tokens of valour credibly gotten in his Masters service for as he was couragious before his enemy he was also fortunate in his Conduct in obtaining victory beyond his fellowes and being often singled out man to man to make his courage the more undoubted he alwayes gave testimony in this kinde of his valour answerable to the externall shew and hansome frame of his body being in personage inferiour to no man for strength and comely stature His Majesty continuing his March towards Engolstat coming within sight of the Towne he drew his Armie in Battaile horse foote and Artillery where we stood the whole night at Armes The next day drawing neerer to the enemies Armie being incamped before us Ex opposito on the other side of the Danube ready to second the Towne on all occasions which his Majestie considering gave order to draw out our Leaguer and to set men to worke after we were quartered where for our welcome the enemy from the Towne did salute us furiously with Cannon so that at first the head was shot from the young Markgrave of Baden and his Majestie recognosceing the legge was shot from his Horse divers others were also here lamed by the Cannon The night drawing on his Majestie expecting a strong out-fall from the Towne their Armie being so neere our Briggad according to custome was commanded to march and to stand the whole night in Armes on a razed Champaigne under mercie of Cannon and musket being ordained in case of the enemies out-fall by fighting to hold them up till our Armie might be in readinesse to relieve us being in Aprill though the aire was cold the service being hot sundrie were taken away in full rancks with the Cannon being in no action our selves but standing ready to maintaine our ground in case the enemie should pursue us which to my minde was the longest night in the yeare though in Aprill for at one shot I lost twelve men of my owne Companie not knowing what became of them being all taken alike with the Cannon and he that was not this night in this stand afraid of a Cannon bullet might in my opinion the next night be made gunpowder of without paine and who would sweare he was not afrighted for a shot I would not trust him againe though he spake truth His Majestie in the beginning of the night commanded a thousand Swedens being Musketiers led by sufficient Officers in his Majesties owne presence to fall on the Skonce before the bridge which was beset with fifteene hundred foote and five hundred horse lying open on the side that lay next the Towne that if the enemie should storme and enter he might be clensed out againe with Cannon and musket from the Towne wall notwithstanding whereof the Swedens bravely advanced even to the graffe being ready to storme they were plagued with the musket and with fire-workes that leaving three hundred men killed about the Skonce they were forced to retire the enemy continuing a thunder-clap of Muskets for one halfe houre till they were fully retired His Majestie finding nothing could be effectuate in this manner retired with the Musketiers leaving us and our Briggad in the former stand to attend the enemies out-coming to make us acquainted with the thundering of Cannon where no man were he never so stout could be blamed to stoope seeing the Cannon in the night fireing in a right line before him he that would not shift his body to eschew the graseing of a Bullet was not to be pittied if killed through ostentation Here death that cruell fellow courted all alike yet none was so enamoured as â—â—llingly to embrace him though well I know many brave fellowes were resolved to meet him for to give him the foyle before he came neere This night a Souldier though not stout might passe prentise in our Calling in one night for resolution where having stayed till it was day we retired to the Leaguer with great losse of men that were killed and hurt where they that had escaped the Malheur were glad to discourse at large of their nights watch His Majestie finding this Towne strong by nature situation and art lying on the Danube really fortified with a bridge over the River fortified also before the entry and the Towne being well provided of all furniture having a strong Garrison and in neede an Armie to supply it which made his Majestie for that time rise from it having gotten intelligence that the Duke of Baviers Forces by sleight had taken in Rhinsberg where the most part of the Armie was sent thither to beset the passe who immediatly after their entry disarmed the Citizens being all Protestants having quartered above twentie Souldiers in every house where also the Duke himselfe did march with the rest of his Armie knowing his Majestie was not able to gaine credit before Engolstat he went away suffering his Majestie to stay behinde to try his fortune against the Towne who also did breake up and marching away the enemy with a strong partie of Horsemen and of Dragoniers charged our Reare-guard Generall Banier being commanded to make the retreate where the enemy having charged he behaved himselfe well by good Command charging the enemy with small Troopes forcing them to retire while as the body of the Armie was retiring the Generall commanding still fresh Troopes one after another to receive the enemies charge till at last all were safely retired and the enemy retired also not daring to shew himselfe without the passes on the field being well beaten at an out-fall by the Swedens the day before The Retreate honourably made his Majestie continued his march on Mosburg having lyne that night on the Hill at Gysenfelt having in the afternoone before drawne the whole Armie in one Front Horse Foote and Cannon for doing the funerall Rites of the Markgrave of Bawden whose corps being appointed to be sent away with a Convoy to be buried before their departure the whole Cannon was twice discharged and then the whole Musketiers of the Army from the right hand to the left did give two salves of Musket and after them the whole Armie of horse did give two salves of Pistoll This day also old Captaine David Ramsey was buried having died of a consuming Feaver The next day our march continuing towards Mosburg where we did lie five dayes his Majestie having sent Felt-marshall Horne with a strong partie of horse foote and Cannon towards Landshut where Hepburne with his Briggad was also employed The Towne not being strong the enemy after
that last and honourable dutie to the corps of that noble and worthy Cavalier the Markgrave of Turlagh and Bawden by making the whole Armie to give two Salves of Cannon Musket and Pistoll in comely order as the Custome is at such times where it is to be regrâ—ted how oft-times death doth prevent the expected goodnesse of many a brave fellow as this young Cavalier was the worthy sonne of a worthy Father who carried divers times the title of a Generall Here also I would exhort by the way all worthy Souldiers who aime at credit never to give themselves to mouze or plunder aside from the Armie lest they be punished in dying ignominiously by the hands of cruell tyrants as the ignorant Papist-Boores that have no more knowledge of God than to tell over their Beads being taught as their best devotion and knowledge of the mysteries of God tending to salvation to glory in their ignorance which makes many of them to commit any wickednesse whatsoever to winne damnation to themselves being once commanded by a Priest that can make the poore ignorant beleeve that to doe wickedly is the way to heaven Who cannot then see how detestable this Doctrine is that gives people libertie to commit all villany and then to assure them of pardon for it The use then we should make of this who professe another truth is to abhorre their examples of life as we doe their doctrine seeing wee should know that no crime before God is so abominable as to glory in sinne for where sinne groweth there groweth also the punishment And he that sinnes openly with an out-stretched necke as these villaines did in Wisenburg in sight of God and before the Sunne and the world they offended double teaching others by their example to sinne Happie therefore is the man who delights not in sinne but happier is he that glories not in sinne yea happiest of all that continues not in sinne but repenteth of the evill done and ceaseth to doe so any more The thirty one Duty discharged of our Expedition unto Munchen and of our abode there BEing retired from Landshut a pretty little Towne and Castle in Bavaria lying on the Eiser we continued our march after his Majesty and marched towards Frising where we joyned with his Majesty and incamped over night in the fields where his Majesty had intelligence that Wallestine with a strong Army was on his march towards the upper Paltz which made his Majesty make the greater haste to visit Munchen the Duke of Bavaria his chiefe Towne of residence having made the Bishop of Frising pay fifty thousand Dollers and promise contribution beside out of the whole Bishopricke and continuing our march the sixth of May towards Munchen on our way the Commissioners from Munchen did come and salute his Majesty offering all kinde of submission for to spare from plundering of their City and from ruinating of their houses and policy His Majesty lying over night in the fields within halfe a mile of the City his Majesty commanded Colonell Hepburne with our Briggad to march away and to make the Circuit of the Towne to lie over-night at the bridge that went over the Eiser with his Briggad to guard the bridge that none should passe or repasse till his Maiesties coming to the Towne which accordingly we obyed and guarded the bridge till the next morning his Maiesty encamped the whole Army without the Towne marching in with our Briggad alone where Colonell Hepburnes Regiment had the watch on the market place and the guarding of the Ports his Maiesty of Sweden and the King of Bohemia being lodged on the Castle I was commanded with our Regiment and my Lord Spences Regiment led by Lievetenant Colonell Musten and ordained to lie in the great Courte of the Palace night and day at our Armes to guard both the Kings persons and to set out all Guards about the Palace where I was commanded with our whole Officers not to stirre off our watch having allowance of Table and diet for us and our Officers within his Maiesties house to the end we might the better looke to our watch and the command of all directions under stayers was put upon me being then Commander of the Guards where I had power over the whole offices belonging to the house and might have commanded to give out any thing to pleasure Cavaliers having stayed in this charge three weekes nobly entertained Here in Munchen the Boarish-Boares alleadged the dead were risen since before his Maiesties coming by the Dukes command the great cannon were buried side by side in the Magazin house whereof his Maiesty being made acquainted they were digged up out of the ground and carried away to Ausburg above one hundred and fourty peeces of Cannon great and small whereof there were twelve Apostles and other Cannon which formerly were taken from the Elector Palatine and the Duke of Brunswicke with their names and Armes on them of which one was found wherein there were thirty thousand Duckets of gold being a present for a King Likewise in this Magazin house there were found clothes and Armes ready to cloth an Army of ten thousand foote which helped our Army much many other rarieties were gotten in this house worth much mony which were transported away by both the Kings As also all the Dukes servants of his whole houshold were there that bare offices about the house and the house it selfe was as well replenished and furnished as any Kings Palace needed to be of all magnificent furniture for bed board and hangings which were sumptuous and costly Here also about this Palace were pleasant gardens fish-ponds water-workes and all things yeelding pleasure in the most splendid grandure that can be imagined with a pleasant Tennis-court for recreation where both the Kings sometimes did recreat themselves Moreover this house was so magnificently situated that for three miles about it there was such pleasant Hare hunting that sometimes we could see the Hares flocking together in troopes above twenty As also for the Princes pleasure there could be brought together in prospect of the Palace heards of Deare sometimes above five hundred at once and sometimes sâ—t pleasure a thousand to be brought together His Maiesty having remained here above a fort'night and getting intelligence of some turbulent uproares made by the Papists Boores in Schwabland his Maiesty leaving Generall Banier to command over the Army at Monchen his Maiesty with a strong party of horse and two Briggads of foote marched towards Memmungen in Schwabland and having presently stilled the uproâ—re he retired upon Ausburg and from thence to Munchen againe where his Majesty on a sudden taxed the Towne in a hundred thousand Rex Dolours which the Burgers and Clergy were willing to give his Majesty to keepe the City unplundered for which summe there were fifâ—y of the speciall Burgers and Clergy given as pledges unto his Majesty till paiment were made of the monies against a certaine day and to that effect the pledges
spending of a little provision which they had long kept in store to sustaine them in their necessities having had within their walls to sustaine dayly besides the Army eight hundred thousand soules being no small burthen to a Land-towne Here also we see his Majesties fore-sight in giving a kinde of content unto his Army according to his custome at such times the enemy drawing neere unto him to tie the Souldiers and their Officers to the greater obedience unto his Majesties commandements to undergoe whatsoever he was to command them and for to grieve the enemies by the rumour of monies which then was given out to his Majesties Souldiers the enemies Army might be disbandoned and monies being so rife amongst them to forsake their owne Colours and runne away unto his Majesties Army It must needs have bin an extraordinary great provision that sustained so many soules a day within the City whereunto a great part of the country people Gentry and Boores had runne together for refuge being a great number of people besides the Army which was sustained for three moneths together by the providence of God the Rector and Governour of the world and the Fountaine of all goodnesse this Omnipotent Omniscient and Invincible GOD governing all and over-seeing all by his providence at this time did so direct this people in middest of their troubles that they having recommended themselves and the event of their affaires to this great God they concluded that it was better to prevent then to suffer under the Tyranny of their enemies And therefore they fell to worke in earnest for their owne safeties and the safety of his Majesties Army being under God resolved to protect them The thirty-fourth Duty discharged at Nurenberg and of the occurrences there HIS Majesty having Recognosced the City and situation thereof finding his Forces weake in respect of the enemies he resolved to take all the advantage he could in setting downe his Leaguer for the preservation of his Army and the safety of the City and therefore he caused to draw the draught of the Leaguer to goe in a circular Orbe round the whole City the water running through the middest of it The Leaguer begun at the East without the Suburbes called in Dutch Marke were towards the South to the part called Lightenhooffe where his Majesties quarter was and from thence towards the west to the Townes new workes crossing over the water This Leaguer being accomplished in ten dayes and in full defence with strong Skonces Redoutes Fossies batteries and being well fortified round with Stakkets without the Fossio and at all sorting Ports being well foreseene with slaught-bomes and triangles well fastened and close His Majesty then upon the North side of the City made the retrenchment goe likewise round the City being also well fortified with strong Skonces and Fossies from the East unto the West beginning at the Marke Flect Were and going round the Iâ—den boole even to St. Iohn and the water closed Above the water on the hight was made a great Skonce and another great Skonce was made in the corner at Gostenhooffe with deepe water graffes having workes without it againe and halfe moones also before Steeâ—ehoole over against Schwennaw there was another Skonce fast and strong Likewise at the backe of the Dorpe Steenehoole towards the Leaguer there was another strong Skonce made likewise towards the wood at the South on the street called Rottenbacherstreete there was made an extraordinary strong Skonce set about with foure crossed Stakkets of strong timber so that there was no meanes to storme it the like was made on the streete called Altoffer streete These workes Skonces and Redoutes being accomplished a great number of Cannon great and small were brought on the workes the Batteries all ready there could be reckoned in the Leaguer about this Towne without the walls of Cannon on their Carriages above three hundred great and small Our Leaguer thus fortified the Emperiall Army led by the Duke of Fridland Walestine joyned with the Duke of Bavaria his Forces consisting both of fifty thousand men having the first of Iuly taken in Schawbach the second day after they drew towards the Dorpe called Steyne over against Nurenberg which doth lie about a Dutch mile from the Towne there they begun to pitch a Leaguer and from Steyne towards the Fleckt called Zerndorfe the Leaguer being well fortified on the seventh of Iuly the Duke of Fridland made his Leaguer also towards Zerndorfe on the top of the hill called Altberg wherein he tooke for an advantage an old ruinous and waste Castle neere which there lay a hunting house in the wood on the top of the hill over against the Fleckt-Fort which was called the old strength in Dutch This Fort he caused strongly to pallisade without the workes with Fossies and Stakkets without the fossie other great and strong Skonces he caused to make and divers other strong Skonces on the old hill the Fossies and brest workes were all fortified with great and strong Trees and within the workes were severall barrells or hogsheads filled with sand and stones for throwing placed on the Batteries and by this strong and great Leaguer Valestine did cut off from his Majesties Army and the Towne of Nurenberg all kinde of victualls or provision could come unto them by the Axile thinking thereby to blocke up his Majesties Army forceing him to take another resolution and then he thought to compell the Kings Majesty to a peace according to his minde These two Armies thus incamped and set downe opposite one against another they begun all of them as they went forth in the country about to steale to rob to plunder and to spoile the whole country for to supply with victualls and other furniture these two great new-founded Cities of short continuance though it is certaine many of them did get life-rent-leases of their new built houses Thus having set downe the manner of both the Armies incamping we lay still one against another a long time neither giving nor offering offence one to another except it were by meere accident in the country amongst stragling troopes Neverthelesse though we looked on each others we had our watches night and day before one anothers noses without loosing of one Pistoll or without one Alarum in two moneths time as if in effect there were a Stil-stand of Peace During this time we were thus looking one to another the Spaniard finding his Majesty with the maine Army farre off he resolved to take his time in the Paltz and crossing the Mosel againe towards Alzie his Excellence the Rex-chancellour Oxensterne having intelligence of their coming he did bring his horsemen over the Rhine and suffered the Spaniard to draw neere Mentz and then marched unto them in the meane time the Spanish Generall Comissary Lookas Cagro did breake up with twelve Companies of horse giving orders to the rest to follow him of intention to fall unlooked for on the Rhine-graves quarter But he did count without
good fortune that formerly they attained unto For nothing is lesse to be allowed of in a Commander then bouldnesse without reason though sometimes things happen to succeed well being pregnable for such daring men as the King of Sweden and Papenhaim was being both truely couragious Neverthelesse this daring is not to be made a custome of so being oftimes the example is as faulty as the deede in an Army This Papenhaim in his attempts so farre as I could learne was unblameable in his carriage as a Leader except at Mastreicht where he was blamed for too much forwardnesse with disadvantage having lost more men then the attempt proved credible As this valiant Cavalier strived to doe notable service unto the Emperour even so Felt-marshall Gustavus Horne being a valiant Cavalier without either gall or bitternesse as they say but on the contrary he was wise valiant sober modest vigilant and diligent striving in all his actions to please God and his Master the King of Sweden And as Papenhaim was thought bould and heady in his resolutions The other Gustavus Horne was remisse in advising but very resolute and couragious in the execution partes most worthy praise in a Commander being Subalterne to anothers command as he was unto his Majesty of Sweden who could never enterprize of himselfe more thâ—n was allowed unto him by his instructions had in writing so as he attempted nothing rashly he feared no danger once being entred and he was so meeke in his command that with love he obliged the Cavaliers that followed him to obedience more then another could doe by austerity being the best meanes to conquer with and the safest way to maintaine reputation and credit Thus beloved of all men he was very wise and silent keeping a Decâ—rum in his actions and gestures being to my judgment powerfull to command himselfe as he did command others Here also we have occasion to praise the wise and valorous conduct of the Felt-marshall Arnheim in Silesia where he obtained great victory over his enemies being indued with a singular gift befitting a great Commander in giving every man that was under his command his due meanes allowed to him by his Superiour a rare quality in a great Commander being one of the speciall points that is powerfull to oblige the love of Officers and Souldiers unto their Superiours making them refuse nothing against their enemies they are commanded unto in the greatest extremity Souldiers can feare no danger being well paied by their Superiours This vertue Iustitia Distributiva includes many other vertues under it proper to a great Commander as his actions in Silesia doe witnesse having obtained severall victories there over the Emperialists As for the vices of men of this quality making profession of Armes being my Superiours duty will not permit me to speake but reverently of them And therefore what faults they have as none lives without some they shall be better divulged by some other tongue then mine Nam quod tibi fieri non vis alteri nefeceris The thirty-fifth Duty discharged of the Accidents that occurred at Nurenberg before the succourse was come HAving lyen long still as in a sleepe without feare of our enemies being within a fast Leaguer in th' end his Majesty begun to stirre first causing parties to present themselves before Walestines Leaguer as if they went to borrow a Beare or rather to provoke their enemy to try their valour but the Emperialists having no great desire to fight but attempted only in the night to fall over the Pegnets giving us Alarums to little purpose being soone repulsed finding us alwayes ready on our Guards attending their nightly comming our outward watches being a mile from us so farre as Furt on the side of the River having also Perdues a foote without the Leaguer our Centries on the walles at Batteries Colours and Corp-du-guards so that it was hard to surprize us But the greatest hurt they did us was by their Crabbats while as our servants and horses went forth to forrage for in one day for my part I lost three of my servants and five of my best horses But in th' end our forrage grew so scarce that many did quit their horses for want of entertainment Neverthelesse twice every weeke strong parties of horse with strong Convoyes of Musketiers were sent forth to bring in forrage where it was my fortune to have bin oft commanded with the foote little skirmishes we had without great hurt being alwayes in hope of reliefe in neede Neverthelesse whatsoever streete we went out on their Garrisons were still ready to snap some or other amongst us on our wings and then away they went unto their Strengths sometimes they came from Forchem sometimes from Buche and sometimes from Rottenburg so that alwayes some Devilish Garrison or other snatched at us aside though they durst not draw neere our bodies neither could the enemy know on what quarter we went forth on and if they knew sure that quarter we went out on was beset by Ambuscades of our people to attend them in case they should fall in betwixt us On the twenty-eight of Iuly his Majestie had commanded out Colonell Dowbattle with some Troopes of Horse and some Dragoniers towards Furstat in the upper Paltz which lay but two miles from Newmarck where the Emperiall Army had their Magazin-house for their Victualls and Amunition which was beset with five hundred Souldiers Dowbattle the thirtieth of Iuly coming before it ere it was day he divided incontinent his folkes in two Deales putting the one halfe to the over doore or Port and the other halfe to the other Port the over Port made up with a Pittard the Swedens entring they gave fire and at their entry they killed the Lievetenant Colonell Revenheller being one of their owne thinking he was an enemy being shot in the shoulder he died shortly after at Nurenberg All the Emperiall Garrison was almost cut off the Proviant waggons were plundered and the Towne was burnt having brought foure hundred Oxen that were both great and fat unto Nurenberg His Majestie immediatly after Colonell Dowbattle was marched followed with a partie of a thousand Musketiers and some eight hundred Horse towards Bergthaâ—e on the Dorpes thinking if the enemy got intelligence of Dowbattles march they would set after him And therefore to make his Retreate good his Majestie went towards Bosâ—owre At the same time Generall Major Sparre with eight hundred horse twenty Cornets of Crabats and five hundred Musketiers commanded by Lievetenant Colonell Gordon and Major Lesly which partie of the enemy had an enterprise on Lawffe to take it in for hindring us from Forrage having no doore open to goe out on but that onely and having met with his Majestie in the fields his Majestie most Heroickly charged them and killed many with the first charge Generall Major Sparre kept himselfe by Colleredo his Horsemen and the foote were commanded by Gordon and Lesly two Scots Cavaliers who then serving the Emperour did
in preserving my life by Gods providence for that time Notwithstanding of this my hurt finding my selfe in strength though I lost much bloud I remained on my Poste till neere night my Lievetenant Colonell Iohn Sinclair was sent with five hundred Musketiers to relieve me where I did bring off but the least number of my men having lost neere two hundred besides those Officers and Souldiers that were hurt and my Lievetenant Colonell brought off the next morning fewer than I did for those who were not kill'd or hurt being in the night through plaine feare they left him so that at last he brought not off of his whole number above thirty Officers and all On this occasion a valorous young Gentleman being one of my Captaines called Patrike Ennis who having behaved himselfe well the whole time that he was on service being commanded amongst strangers on another Poste than mine a reliefe being come to releeve him he went to shew the Poste he was on to his Camerade and shewing him where his Centries stoode then after out of resolution to shew more courage than was needfull in open view of his enemy florishing his sword and crying aloud Vive Gustavus he was shot through the head being much regrated by all his Camerades Likewise with him a young man Hector Monro Catvalls Sonne uncommanded voluntarily having taken a Musket and gone on service he was shot alongst the braines and lived a fortnight after which shot was wonderfull for the side of his head that the Bullet lighted on the skull was whole nevâ—rthelesse through his great torment the Chirurgian having made inciâ—ion on the other side of his head to see if the skull was whole but being found splent on that side so that his braines could be seene his wound was uncurable Likewise on this dayes service were killed on our side Generall Major Boetins Lievetenant Colonell Septer Lievetenant Colonell Macken Rutmaster Morrits Lievetenant Colonell Welsten and divers inferiour Officers and above twelve hundered Souldiers the Grave Fon Erbach was also killed and divers Officers were hurt as the Grave Fon Ebersteene the Grave Fon Torne Colonell Porte and of our country-men under Spence his Regiment Captaine Traile was shot through the throate As also Captaine Vausse under Colonell Monro of Fowles his Regiment was shot in the shoulder and the Colonell of the Artillery Leonard Richardson with Colonell Erich Handson being both Swedens with two Lievetenant Colonells were taken Prisoners Likewise on this service there were hurt of our Souldiers above two thousand which were put under cure in Nurenberg The Officers killed of the Emperialists were Colonell Iacob Fugger Colonell Obdo Brandine Colonell Fon Maria de Caras and above forty inferiour Officers with twelve hundred Souldiers which they lost Likewise Walestine his horse and Duke Barnard of Wymars were both shot under them The day thus past in the night for the most part they lay quiet and the day being come I was commanded notwitstanding of my hurt by Duke William of Wymar having attended on him the whole last night to goe and receive five hundred Musketiers for to bring off those had bin all night on the Poste being ordained to come off with them and to make the retreate good I being gone to receive the party come together his Majesty coming by and knowing I was hurt commanded me to retire backe with the party and went himselfe to make the retreate wonderfully bringing them off from all Poasts without one shot of Musket or Pistoll till we drew up the Army againe within reach of Cannon so that there were killed to me of my owne Company three Souldiers and having removed a little further off his Majesty drawing up the whole Army in Battaile Horse Foote and Artillery there was presently order given for drawing out of a new Leaguer the draught whereof being finished every Briggads quarter being knowne we begun to worke againe in â—ight of the enemy till that in spight of him we were closed in ten dayes time within a fast Leaguer againe which was strongly pallisaded without the Graffe where we did lie without invasion in quietnesse to the sixt of September that his Majesty perceiving the scarcity of victualls growing great from day to day and the scarcity of forrage Therefore his Majesty resolved to take the start of his enemy in being the first up-breaker knowing assuredly he was not able to lie long after him The thirty-sixt Observation HERE we see that nothing is more forcible to suppresse the vanting of an enemy than a timely succours as came here unto our Army in despight of the enemy who before their coming did mightily vaunt they would cut off our succours before they could joyne with us really and then they would with hunger starve both the City and our Leaguer which hardly they could doe we being provided of good men to fight as also of good entertainment to sustaine our number But the enemy feebly remaining within his workes though beyond us in number we thundered on them with Cannon repaying their cannonading spent before Verbine the yeare before on the Elve And it is thought that the invention of Cannon was found first at Nurenberg for the ruine of man being at first a long time used for battering downe of walles and Cities and for counter-batteries till at last they were used in the fields to breake the Squadrons and battailes of foote and horse some carrying peeces called Spingards of fâ—ure foote and a halfe long that shot many bullets at once no greater then Walnuts which were carried in the fields on little Chariots behinde the troopes and how soone the Trumpet did sound the enemy was thundred on first with those as with shoures of haile-stone so that the enemies were cruelly affrighted with them men of valour being suddenly taken away who before were wont to fight valiantly and long with the Sword and Launce more for the honour of victory then for any desire of shedding of bloud but now men are martery zed and cut downe at more than halfe a mile of distance by those furious and thundring Engines of great Cannon that sometimes shoote fiery bullets able to burne whole Cities Castles houses or bridges where they chance to light and if they happen to light within walles or amongst a Briggad of foote or horse as they did at Leipsigh on the Grave fon Torne his Briggad spoiling a number at once as doubtlesse this Devilish invention did within Walestine his Leaguer at this time Likewise here we have set before us the revolution of humane affaires being ever inconstant shewing us that good Fortune Lucke or chance as they call it is never still in one side for his Majesty that formerly was alike fortunate with few as with many here though having a mighty strong Army he is crossed being frustrate of his expectation arising by the neglect of a small point of recognosâ—ing his Majesty having trusted too much to others wrong relation that did not satisfie
dayes attending what the Emperiall Armie would undertake having still an eye in our necke-pole We got intelligence that the Duke of Fridland Walestine and the Duke of Bavere did breake up with their Armies taking their march through Furt towards Boocke and then to Forcham burning off all the dorpes that lay nearest Nurenberg being all the valiant deedes they had done the whole Summer and the fourteenth of September being quite gone divers Burgers and Souldiers of the Nurenbergers with the Countrie Boores in all haste ranne unto their Leaguer where they found a thousand waggons besides those were burnt which they transported to Nurenberg together with a great quantitie of Iron above tenne thousand Centeurs of waight and a great quantitie of meale corne and flesh which all in foureteene dayes was not brought unto the Towne after their going whereat many did wonder The enemie also left behind them many sicke and wondâ—d Souldiers uncured amongst whom all that time death was very frequent aswell of men as of beasts for thousands of horse and cattell were lost Likewise in the Swedens Leaguer about the Citie were fallen above foure thousand horse and cattell and within the Citie were also many dead As Walestine was come to Forcham he directed Generall Major Galasse with some horse and foote unto the Woigkeland who in his march by Nurenberg did deale very slightly with Lawffe Griffenberg Welden and Harchbrook which he tooke in and Griffenberg he burnt and in the rest he caused to cut off divers Burgers and Souldiers making many poore men with plundering and cruell exactions of mony and from thence in Woiteland towards Egger and further till he joyned with Holke being both as Simeon and Levi continuing their march towards the Elve taking in Kemnets Friberg Meissen and divers other partes exacting great contribution and borneshets or compositions pressing an infinite deale of money out of the Duke of Saxons hereditary lands using great and extraordinary enormities over the whole lands belonging to the Saxon by reason the Dukes Armie lay then farre off in Silesia not being possible for him to releeve his owne Countrey Walestine also from Forcham marched towards Saxonie and the Duke of Bavaria to quench the fire that was already kindled there by the Swedens marched to Bavere The Emperiall Armie thus separated his Majestie laie still at Newstad till such time as he saw their severall intentions and then disposing of his Armie accordingly First the Marquesse of Hamilton was gratiously dismissed by his Majestie taking his journey from thence towards France unto Brittaine and having taken leave of his Majestie at Newstad his Excellence was most honourably conveyed by the whole Officers his Country-men that served the Swedens who having taken leave of his Excellence a mile from the Leaguer they returned and his Excellence accompanied with Sir Iames Hamilton of Priestfield Colonell Sir Iames Ramsey called the Faire Colonell and Sir Iohn Hepburne Colonell having taken good night of all their Noble Camerades they continued their journey unto Brittaine and we returned to prepare our selves for a march and a separation which immediatly the next day did follow his Maiestie having given orders to call in all Safe-guardes and the next morning to be in readinesse to march The thirty-seventh Observation THE separation of these two mightie Armies was wonderfull without shot of Cannon Musket or Pistoll the like we can hardly finde in any Historie We see then here that when the foundation of mans actions is laid sure by vertue the building hardly can faile especially when we lay our chiefe dependance on God and our cause being good the lawfull meanes used as was done here by the Lyon of the North the Invincible King of Sweden in defence of Nurenberg the libertie of Dutch-land and freedome of Christs Gospell then I say the event must needs be answerable to the ground laid to wit the freedome of this Citie and the preservation of his Majesties Armie both which we see by this separation where the enemy had not the heart to pursue us having Gustavus and his Fortunes with us Notwithstanding of their powerfull and mightie Armie which the Papists themselves did set and estâ—â—me to be threescore thousand men being then of opinion that that Summer they were able to over-swimme the whole Empire and all their enemies yet with all their bragging they durst never present themselves in the Fields with one Cornet Colour or Regiment before Gustavus being terrified at his presence which did prove their valour was not correspondent to their power in Armes otherwise they had given us greater reason to have esteemed better of their Conduct so that wee see there is neither wisedome force or power of counsell that can prevaile against that cause the Lord defends and who can thinke those could prosper better who formerly pressed by their crueltie to have subverted the truth of Religion by banishing the Gospell and Ministers of it forcing Commons against Conscience either to forsake their Country and possessions or to renounce the truth they professed persecuting those that would not conforme themselves to their Devilish Traditions what wonder then those Generalls could not prosper against the truth or against him that tooke the defence both of truth and people against the Tyranny of the house of Austria and their cruell Generalls that were not onely cruell to their enemies but also to their servants and Souldiers whom they left bleeding behinde them in their Leaguer destitute of all comfort not so much as once to cause to dresse their wounds that they received honourably for their safeties Truly I dare be bold to say the Lord will not suffer the negligence and inhumane crueltie of such Commanders to be unpunished that left unchristianly those poore Souldiers which were bould to open their brests to receive wounds for the safetie of those that had no compassion on them in their extremities O crueltie of all cruelties when we see a valiant Souldier naked hungry or pined with his wounds bleeding for our sakes and then to leave them destitute of helpe to the mercy of their enemies especially when we are not compelled to leave them This fault of all faults in a Commander or Souldier in my minde is most unpardonable which is too common Therefore I conclude such persons to be unworthy Command that preferre any thing before the health of those who were willing to give their lives for the safetie of their Commanders Sith then we see that the greatest part of humane happinesse doth consist in vertue let him that would prove wise fix his eyes and minde to judge other mens actions to the end he may grow the more circumspect and prudent pressing to doe good by continuance of time if he but observe the varieties of chances incident unto all estates from the Crowne to the lowest Cottage in the end through their examples he may learne to better himselfe and become wise in his profession for a diligent servant to such a Master
one day our sorrow shall turne to joy and our teares shall turne to smiles our weeping unto a streame of pleasures and our labour unto eternall rest that as we followed the Lyon of the North the invincible King of Sweden in fighting the Lords Battailes here even so we shall follow the Lambe unto the Heavenly Ierusalem hereafter The cruelty and Tyranny used by the Emperiall Officers in Saxony who neither spared man nor woman is rather to be pittied by Christians then any wayes to be imitated which cruelty did presage their ruine to come for nothing vehement in that kinde did ever remaine long unpunished and though for a time the Devills rage at last they are cast into perpetuall darkenesse Papenhaim returning from Mastricht we see was immoderate in his victories and forbearing to shew mercy at all he domineered in his Tyranny running so long as he had feete some he did hang by their purses and some by their necks by halfes for not paying the Ransome of others Such injustice the God of mercy and goodnesse did not suffer long unpunished and it is to be pittied that such exorbitant pride had bin cohabitant in so valorous a Captaine for it is certaine when a man of warre groweth too proud of his victories refusing mercy then commonly approach punishments woe for a proud warriour as this was viz. errour in counsell and unhappy successe in his best actions for how soone a man beginneth to grow proud and to be secure then cometh punishment and as pride groweth so vertue decaieth and though the punishment of pride and cruelty sometimes comes late yet sure it never comes light and it is most certaine there is ever some fatality incident unto those who are desirous of vaine glory through pride Our desire then should be to be humble that we be not rejected with disdaine as those proud Cavaliers rejected the poore Supplicants who though begging mercy were not heard whose exorbitant wickednesse should teach us not to imitate their examples but rather through grace presse to eschew their punishment both temporall and eternall The thirty-ninth Duty discharged of our March to Dunkelspill and from thence unto Bavier HIS Majesty returning from Rottenburg with the Queenes Majesty they marched with the Army towards Dunkelspill where they did lie three dayes during which time I was glad looking for no life to have bin eased by the helpe of good and learned Physitians There I was left the Army continuing their march upon Nerling making all the expedition and haste was possible to relieve Rhine on the Leacke being beleagured by the Duke of Bavier his forces and his Majesty coming to the Leacke he received newes the Towne was given over and the Bridge being cast off his Majesty was hindered the passage whereupon his Majesty directed baâ—ke the Queene to Donavert and incontinent begunne to prepare for the beleaguering of Rhine againe the Bridge being repared he set over his Army the thirtith of September and incontinent begun his aproaches the Emperialists at first plaied hard with Cannon and Musket till night that his Majesties Batteries were ready The first of October early in the morning the mist was so thicke that his Majesty approached very neere the walles and that orderly the Batteries being ready the Cannon planted in the mist by nine of the clocke his Majesty saluted the Towne with a Salve of Musket and Cannon where incontinent the feeble Bearish Commanders entred in accord which was granted unto them so that his Majesty by the assistance of God got this Towne againe in two houres time after the Batteries were ready and that contrary to his Majesties expectation who did not expect the getting of it in lesse then six dayes The Dukes foote Souldiers were suffered to march out without Armes and the horsmen without their horses and his Majesty being offended with the Dutch Colonell called Metzfell notwitstanding of the recovery of the Towne he was brought before a Counsell of warres at Newburg on the Danow being accused he had given over the Towne without any necessity making his Accord contrary to his Officers wills which they having testified against him by a sentence of the Counsell of warre he was beheaded the eighth of October and those Officers of his Regiment which subscribed the Accord were ordained to carry no charge under his Majesties Army and the Officers which withstoode the Accord were assoiled from the sentence as faithfull servants to their Master The said day after the execution his Majesty returned with the Army towards Rhine from Newburg where againe his Majesty divided the Army and having beset Aâ—sburg Rhine and Donavert well he tooke the yellow and blew Briggad with himselfe leaving our Briggad after long advisement and the rest of the Army under the Command of Palsgrave Christian Fon Brickfeld and Generall Major Ruthven to attend on the Dukes forces and to maintaine Schwabland with the passes which we had already in Bavaria His Majesty then taking leave of our Briggad in view of the whole Army thanked us for our former service and in particular he expressed his affection unto me and to Lievetenant Colonell Mustein shewing he was greeved to leave us behinde yet in respect of the long march he had unto Saxony and considering the weakenesse of both our Regiments that were weakned by the toyle of warre and the dint of the enemies Armies and therefore in consideration of their former good service he had ordained Muster-places for us the best in Schwabland for to strengthen our Regiments against his returne and withall commanded us to see it done as we would expect his favour and then calling on Palsgrave Christian to whom he had given command over us and the Army recommending us particularly unto him desired him to give us contentment of the monies were then resting unto us and that out of the first money was to be received at Ausburg Having after that taken leave of the whole Army his Majesty returned to Donavert where the Queene did attend his coming being making ready for the march unto Saxon. As soone as his Majesty had dined at Donavert with the Queene going to his Coach I tooke leave of his Majesty and the Queene in presence of Generall Banier Palsgrave Christian Sir Paâ—rike Ruthven and divers other worthy Cavaliers being the most dolefull parting I ever suffered having bin still both I and our Regiment with his Majesty on all service of importance since his Majesties upbreaking from Staâ—in in Pomeren till this parting at Donavert on the Danube the eleventh of October 1632. His Majesty having that night lien at Nerlin from thence the next day he directed the Queenes Majesty with the foote Briggads to march on Dunkelspill and from thence to Rottenberg his Majesty then with a party went for Nurenberg and before his coming Kniphowsen with some forces was marched to take in Lawffe from the enemy who at first defended themselves well But in the end they were compelled to come forth
become wise first by thinking what is past and in whose time of their Predecessours things were best governed Secondly he must diligently observe the good to come what can be profitable for him and what not that he may eschew the evill to come and embrace the good Thirdly he should observe the good customes and lawes past being provident mindfull understanding reasonable diligent tractable expert and cunning and he must consider foure good things What is his aime The way and manner he aimes at The person aiming And those he governes XII A Souldier without letters is like a ship without a Rudder or like a bird without feathers but having letters he findes wherewith he can be made wiser finding out by letters courage and many other great helpes to governe and direct those aright whom he commands neither is that fortune in the world to be had where out of letters his knowledge may not be bettered if he be but painfull for being lettered he can strictly keepe under the cruell and defend lawes without terrour temperating them to his minde the meeke also he can civilly admonish and the deceitfull he can wisely goe about and the simple he can handle with lenity shewing his prudency in all his actions foreseeing all dangers which may happen Therefore we see that science to a man of warre is a brave Mistresse teaching him to doe all things as they did in old times XIII It is a hard matter when the diligent and industrious Souldier is disappointed of his hire and that he is rewarded with injury who did merit better This of all evills is most insufferable that he who deserveth a reward should be frustrate of his hopes for reward is due unto valiant Captaines and Souldiers that were instruments in chiefe of victory glory and honour as Sir Iames Ramsey and Sir Iohn Hamilton were in forcing the passage to the Castle of Vertzberg who neverthelesse were frustrate of reward and therefore I cannot but allow of the resolution of Sir Iohn Hamilton being no Souldier of Fortune that tooke his Passe of the Sweden for being frustrate of the reward of his vertue seeing those disdained that did merit best Where we see that a gentle heart being crossed contrary to reason doth presently resent his wrongs pointing out to the world that he is not the man that can suffer or swallow a seene injury done to him and his Nation XIIII It is better to feare evill preparing our selves for danger then through too much security and contempt of the enemy to suffer our selves to be overcome for it is dangerous to have to doe with a desperate body seeing necessity maketh those that are fearefull to become stout and those who feare no dangers are easily lost as witnesseth the death of the Invincible King of Sweden and those dangers ought to be eschewed from whence ariseth greatest evill and experience hath taught us that nothing is more dangerous in warres then to fight great battailes on unequall termes as witnesseth the dolefull battaile fought at Nerling in August 1634. After which losse those that should have fought for their country their wives and children did prove feeble cowards viz. the German Princes Saxon Brandeburg Lunenburg with the rest of the Gentrie giving occasion to others that came to helpe them for to leave them It is no wonder then they be plagued themselves wishing helpe another time when justly they cannot have it having rewarded their helpers so ill as they have done and through their covetousnesse and niggardly sparing bin the cause and instruments of their owne overthrowes and of the losse of the cause being I feare the fore-runners of their Successours punishment which I wish may not happen XV. Before the fall of Kingdomes arise dissensions that overthrow the confederates more than their enemies as it happened here in our late warres of Germanie after the death of his Majestie of Sweden the Dutch Princes especially Saxon slighting his Excellencie the Rex-chancellour of Sweden and his Directorium as Supreame calling him disdainfully a Pedant or a Penman So that wee see that dissension or discord amongst the Superiours was the first cause of the suddaine losse of Nerling Next wee see that the Countrie was destroyed not onely for their sinnes but also for not punishing of sinne For after his Majesties death what punishment was to be seene in our Armie none at all when our owne horsemen plundered their friends not being punished they began to intercept Letters and to robbe the common Poste and to hinder the Countries correspondencie and common traffique which being overseene and winked at by our Generalls they begun then to plunder the Chancelours owne waggons abusing his servants and taking his baggage thereafter the strongest amongst themselves set the weakest party to foote taking away their horses till at last the whole Armie refused to obey the Director and his Concilium formatum lying idle for three moneths in Donavert Leaguer suffering the enemie to over-runne the Countrie and all because that the Officers alleadg'd after his Majesties death that the Scriveners who followed the Chancelour were in better esteeme than the Cavaliers that had done notable good service unto his Majestie so that through this jealousie the Armie came in disorder being the first change and the rest piece and piece did follow till at last the whole Armie was lost through the number of wrongs that went before in the end custome and use of wrongs infected the nature it selfe and the lacke or want of punishment and the libertie and freedome which was given to offend at last the ruine of families that were famous did follow for not punishing of sinne We see then when a potent King and Heroique as Gustavus was in the time hee did live all things florished in a good order but he once gone the CoÌ„mon-wealth was punished for their former sinnes committed in time of their plentie and peace when they had their heaven upon earth as other Nations â—ave now who ought to looke unto themselves in time lest that the Lord raise not up an other Heroique to make them to be punished as other Nations have bin to the eversion of great Cities as Magdeburg and divers others for when the publique burthens doe grow then Governements doe change as wâ—s seene here for lawes being cast away and discipline put in fetters then suddenly did follow change and great ruine after the Kings death of worthy memorie XVI Nothing loses more as we see the common cause than the want of authoritie in one person as was formerly said of the Saxons jealousie over the Rex-chancelors Governement Also the same fault was seene in the Armie under Commanders as at Nerling betwixt Supreme Officers as also betwixt their inferiours who for want of one Supreme Commander as Gustavus was they could not agree among themselves Likewise the dissension and jealousie betwixt Duke Barnard and the Rhinegrave helpes nothing to the furtherance of the good cause being both brave Commanders though
Page 27 Letter N. Bonne being a woman yet she was valiant in Armes Page 28 Letter O. At the Battaile of Leipsigh Sir Iames Ramsey Sir Iohn Hamilton and Colonell Monro of Foules commanded the Vangard of the foote Army Page 63 Letter R. The Battell was begun the seventh of September 1631. in the afternoone betweene twelve and one Page 65 Letter T. Few Britaines are induced to serve the Catholique League Page 75 Letter N. Hohnwart Pfafenhowen Landshut with the Abby St Morris and the Abby of Saint George in Bavier all brought under contribution Page 122 Letter A. The Boores in Bireland did cut off the Souldiers noses eares and legges Page 122 Letter A. The Boores alleaged the dead were risen the Cannon being digged up out of the ground in Bavaria Page 125 Letter G. The Boores in Schwabland being revolted are well payed Page 135 Letter Z. The Boores though they grow pale for feare they are so impudent they never blush at their faults though they oftimes are well corrected for their errours Page 142 Letter G. His Majesties Camer-yonker Boyen and Cratâ—sten both slaine on a party at Nurenberg Page 145 Letter N. The Boldnesse of one fellow being a Leader may engage a whole Army Page 152 Letter Y. The Blew and Yellow as valorous old Souldiers charged well at Leitzen Page 163 Letter T. A Bridge made over the Eler besides Kempten with small Cannon on their Carriage Page 176 Letter R. C. Captaine Bullion his infalling in Rugenwald Page 4 Letter L. Children doe sucke with the milke of their Nurses certaine beginnings of the evills to come our miserie growing as doth our age Page 7 Letter N. A Commander keeping a Fort is like a body infected with a Canker who to preserve the body must resolve to lose a member Page 11 Letter P. Colonell Mackey being gone for Britaine I was recalled to command the Regiment and to joyne my squadron to the rest at Statin Page 11 Letter R. Coloâ—ell Monro and Sir Thomas Conway were both taken on to serve his Majesty of Sweden by my Lord Rhees Commission as Sir Fredericke Hamilton was by my Lord Forbesse Page 13 Letter S. Colonell Lumsdell and Lievetenant Colonell Stewart brought over a Regiment for the Swedens service Page 13 Letter S. A Coâ—onell ought to have freedome to advance the Officers of his owne Regiment Page 13 Letter T. A disereete Commander is better to be followed on little meanes then to follow proud Generalls for greedinesse of meanes Page 13 Letter T. A Cavalier that hath merited well ought to be carefull to maintaine himselfe in credit according to his charge Page 21 Letter C. Colonell Holke his Regiment lost seven Colours at Damaine Page 18 Letter Z. Captaine Beaton behaved himselfe well against his Enemies at an out-fall by Damaine Page 18 Letter Z. A Caveat to an Officer that hath prospered well timely to dispose of his plenty Page 20 Letter C. Captaine Gunne Beaton and Lermond with their Officers were made Prisoners Page 23 Letter F. Captaine Ennis and Lievetenant Lumsdell escaped from the Enemy Page 23 Letter F. Captaine Iames Lyel was murdered Page 28 Letter H. How Captaine Gunne was advanced Page 28 Letter H. Captaine Henry Lindesey advanced being rewarded for vertue Page 28 Letter I. Couragious hearts are oftimes hidden under unclearly raggs Page 62 Letter P. Change of Leaders changes oftimes fortune Page 50 Letter Z. Colonell Tivell shot in the left Arme recognoscing before Francfurt on the Oder Page 31 Letter V. Colonell Lumsdell his behaviour commendable at Francfurt Page 33 Letter W. Commanders are to be pitied who undertake to leade others being blind themselves Page 35 Letter Z. Captaine Dumaine died at Francfurt to whom succeeded David Monro Page 40 Letter F. It s Commonly sâ—ene that those who feare least are soonest overcome as doth witnesse the taking of Francfurt on the Oder and Lansberg on the Wert Page 40 Letter G. The Castle of Spandaw given unto his Majesty by the Duke of Brandenburg Page 43 Letter L. The Citizens of Madeburg discommended for their pride Page 45 Letter P. Captaine Andrew Monro Ferne his Sonne was executed at Statin in Pomeren who at the siege of Trailesound behaved himselfe well being made lame of an Arme. Page 47 Letter S. The Common-wealth must needs decay where the feare of God is taken away and then the ruine of the people doth follow Page 48 Letter V. Colonell Dowbatle with his Dragoniers did take in Tangermund on the Elve Page 49 Letter W. Colonell Monro of Foules with his owne Regiment alone tooke in the Castle of Bloe in Macleburg Page 49 Letter X. Cannon a hundred and fifty were planted about the Royall Leaguer before Werben Page 51 Letter Z. The Conjunction of Brethren against Gods Enemies is most pleasant Page 62 Letter Q. Common danger doth conjoyne oftentimes the coldest friends against the Enemy Page 45 Letter N. Colonell Tivell slaine at Leipsigh battaile Page 66 Letter V. Colonell Lumsdell and Lievetenant Colonell Musten both hurt at Leipsigh Page 66 Letter W. Colonell Colenbagh Colonell Hall divers more kill'd at Leipsigh Page 67 Letter X. Count of Savoy presented himselfe before the Emperour the one side of his body â—lad with cloth of gold the other in gliâ—â—â—ring Armour Page 77 Letter S. The Commons doe follow where Fortune dâ—th favour Page 82 Letter Colonell Hepburn and I were commanded with the whole Musketiers of the Briggad to follow his Majesty unto Oxenford Page 20 Letter B. Colonell Hobalt his sudden advancement Page 85 Letter E. Colonell Hobalt proves ungratefull Page 87 Letter K. Colonell Lodowike Lesly his folke commanded by Captaine Macdowgall on the Castle of Russalhem on the Maine Page 89 Letter M. Clemency was shewed by his Majesty to three thousand Emperiâ—lists Page 74 Letter M. Concord the mother of all happinesse and of the Common-wealth Page 90 Letter P. No Continent in Europe comparable to Germany Page 80 Letter O. The Castle of Openham in the Paltz surprised by Ramseys Musketiers Page 92 Letter T. Colonell Axellilly lost his leg by the Cannon at Mentz Page 95 Letter Z. Cowards ofâ—â—mes speede better in worldly things then those that merit the best Page 96 Letter B. A Captaine well rewarded for being unthankefull Page 97 Letter C. Colonell Alexander Ramsey placed Governour of Creutzenach Page 101 Letter M. Colonell Grame abused for breaking of Accord Page 102 Letter N. Conditions proposed by his Majesty of Sweden to the Duke of Bavier and the Catholique Stends Page 104 Letter R. The Catholique League ever best friends to the house of Austria Page 106 Letter W. The Clergy at Cullen reprehends their Superiours Page 87 Letter I. The Constancy of the Protestants in the Paltz much to be commended Page 95 Letter Conditions of Accord were broken at Stobing to Colonell Monro his Regiment Page 109 Letter C. With Cannon it is easie marching from the fiercest Enemy having advantage of ground Page 109 Letter C.