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A02606 A true discourse of the present estate of Virginia and the successe of the affaires there till the 18 of Iune. 1614. Together with a relation of the seuerall English townes and forts, the assured hopes of that countrie and the peace concluded with the Indians. The christening of Powhatans daughter and her mariage with an English-man. Written by Raphe Hamor the yonger, late secretarie in that colony. Hamor, Ralph, d. 1626. 1615 (1615) STC 12736; ESTC S105997 44,546 80

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remembring but to his dishonor who with most of his company they betrayed and murthered we told them since they durst remember vs of that mischief vnlesse they made the better and more speedy agreement we would now reuenge that trechery and with this discourse by the way as we went we proceeded and had no sooner entred the narrow of the riuer the channell there lying within shot of the shoare but they let their arrowes flie amongst vs in the shippe themselues vnseene to vs and in the forehead hurt one of our men whic● might haue hazarded his life without the present helpe of a skilfull Chirurgion Being thus iustly prouoked we presently manned our boates went ashoare and burned in that verie place some forty houses and of the things we found therein made freeboote and pillage and as themselues afterward confest vnto vs hurt and killed fiue or sixe of their men with this reuenge sa●●sfying our selues for that their presumption in shooting at vs and so the next day proceeded higher vp the Riuer the Indians calling vnto vs and demaunding why we went a shoare burnt their houses killed and hurt their men and tooke away their goods We replied that though we came to them in peaceable manner and would haue beene glad to haue receiued our demaunds with loue and peace yet we had hearts and power to take reuenge and punish where wrongs shold be offered which hauing now don though not so seuerely as we might we rested content therewith and are ready to imbrace peace with them if they pleased Many excuses they seemed to pretend that they shot not a● vs but if any such abuse were offered it was some stragled Indian ignorant of our pretence in comming to them affirming that they themselues would be right glad of our loue and would indeauour to helpe vs to what we came for which being in the possession of Powhatan their King they would without delay dispatch messengers to him to know his purpose and pleasure desiring faire quarter some 24 howers for so long they pretended it would be before their messengers might returne this wee graunted and what we promised we euer exactly performed the time now come we inquired what Powhatan would doe and had for answere that our Englishmen lately with him fearefull to be put to death by vs were runne away and some of Powhatans men sent abroade in quest of them but our swords and peeces so many as he had should be brought the next day which meerely to delay time they bare vs in hand the next day they came not higher vp the riuer we went and ancored neere vnto the chiefest residencie Powhatan had at a towne called Matchcot where were assembled which we saw about 400 men well appointed with their bowes and arrowes to welcome vs here they dared vs to come a shoare a thing which we purposed before so a shoare we went our best landing being vp a high steepe hill which might haue giuen the enemy much aduantage against vs but it seemed they as we were vnwilling to begin and yet would gladly haue bin at blowes being landed as if they had no shew of feare they stirred not from vs but walked vp and downe by and amongst vs the best of them inquiring for our Weroance or king with whom they would gladly consult to know the occasion of our comming thither wherof when they were informed they made answere that they were there ready to defend themselues if we pleased to assault them desiring neuerthelesse some small time to dispatch two or three men once more to their king to know his resolution which if not answerable to our requests in the morning if nothing else but blood would then satisfie vs they would fight with vs and thereby determine our quarrell which was but a further delay to procure time to carrie away their prouisions neuerthelesse we agreed to this their request assuring them till the next day by noone we would not molest hurt nor detaine any of them and then before we fought our Drum and Trumpets should gi●e them warning vpon which promise of ours two of Powhatans sonnes being very desirous to see their sister who was there pr●s●nt ashore with vs came vnto vs at the sight of ●hom and her well fare whom they suspected to be worse intreated though they had often h●ard the contrary they much reioyced and promised ●hat they would vndoubtedly perswade their father ●o redeeme her and to conclude a firme peace foreuer with vs and vpon this resolution the two brothers with vs retired aboarde we hauing first dispatched two Englishmen Ma●ster Iohn Rolfe and maister Sparkes to acquaint their Father with the businesse in hand the next day being kindly intreated they returned not at all admitted Powhatans prese●ce but spake with his brother Apachamo his successor one who hath already the commaund of all the people who likewise promised vs his best indeauors to further our iust requests and we because the time of the yeere being then Aprill called vs to our businesse at home to prepare ground and set corne for our winters prouision vpon these termes departed giuing them respite t●ll haruest to resolue what was best for them to doe with this Prouiso that if finall agreement were not made betwixt vs before that time we would thith●r returne againe and destroy and take away all their corne burne all the houses vpon that ri●er leaue no● asish●ng Weere standing nor a Canoa in any c●eeke therabout and destroy and kill as many of them as we coul● Long before t●is time a gentleman of approued b●hauiour and hon●st cariage maister Iohn R●lfe had bin in loue with Pocahuntas and ●he with him which thing at the instant that we were in parlee with them my selfe made known to Sir Thomas Dal● by a letter from him whereby he intreated his aduise and furtherance in his loue if so it seemed fit to him ●or the good of the Plantation and Pocahuntas her selfe acquainted her brethren therewith which resolution Sir Thomas Da●e wel approuing was the onely cau●e hee was so milde amongst them who otherwise would not haue departed their riuer without other conditions The bruite of this pretended marriage came soone to Powhatans knowledge a thing acceptable to him as appeared by his sudd●n consent thereunto who some t●n daies after ●ent an ol●e vncle of hirs named Opachisco to giue her as his deputy in the Church and two of his sonnes to see the mariage solemnized which was accordingly done about the fist of Aprill and euer since we haue had friendly commerce and trade not onely with Powhatan himselfe but also with his subiects round about vs so as now I see no reason why the Coll●nie should not thriue a pace Besides this loue by this meanes with Powhatan concluded it will be worth my pa●nes to tunouer our friendship with our next neighbours the Chicohomin●es late●y confirmed a lustie and daring people who haue long time liued free from Powhatans subiection
and good as that of Oliues some filberds I haue seene Crabbes great store lesse but not so sower as ours which grafted with the Siens of English● aple trees without question would beare very good fruite and we doubt not but to haue the Siens enough the next yeere there being in Sir Thomas Gates his garden at Iames town many forward apple peare trees come vp of the kernels set the yeere before If all this be not sufficient loe further incouragement the collony is already furnished with two hundred neate cattell as many goates infinite hogges in heards all ouer the woods besides those to euerie towne belonging in generall and euery priuate man some Mares Horses Colts Poultry great store besides tame Turkeis Peacockes and Pigeons plentifully increasing and thriuing there in no Countrie better Of our yong Steeres the next winter we doubt not to haue three or foure Ploughes going which once compast we shall in short time be able to repay England the corne they haue lent vs. If I knew yet any further impediments which might seeme to giue discouragement to aduenture thither I should as easily remoue them Obiect that pleaseth the want of cloathes so long as there are wilde beasts there and the beasts haue skinnes on their backes if the necessity were such why should not we as doe the naturals cloath our selues therewith it is no worse then our fore-fathers haue worne before vs and such as will saue vs from the colde in winter and heate in summer but admit there were no skinnes or being there our people disdaine to weare them If there be any man that hath beene so ill an husband here that he cannot furnish himselfe with a yeeres prouision of apparrell if I might counsell he should not be suffered to goe thither for that country is not for him as for others who can prouide apparrell for the first yeere I holde him a worse husband then the former that shall at any time after be worse cloathed then he went ouer the valuable commoditie of Tobacco of such esteeme in England if there were nothing else which euery man may plant and with the least part of his labour tend and care will returne him both cloathes and other necessaries For the goodnesse whereof answerable to west-Indie Trinidado or Craeus admit there hath no such bin returned let no man doubt Into the discourse wherof since I am obuiously entred I may not forget the gentleman worthie of much commendations which first tooke the pains to to make triall thereof his name Mr Iohn Rolfe Anno Domini 1612. partly for the loue he hath a long time borne vnto it and partly to raise commodity to the aduenturers in whose behalfe I witnesse and vouchsafe to holde my testimony in beleef● that during the time of his aboade there which draweth neere vpon sixe yeeres no man hath laboured to his power by good example there and worthy incouragement into England by his letters then he hath done witnes his mariage with Rowhatans daughter one of rude education manners barbarousand cursed generation meerely for the good and honour of the Plantation And least any man should conceiue that some sinister respects allured him hereunto I haue made bold contrary to his knowledge in the end of my treatise to insert the true coppie of his letter written to Sir Thomas Dale to acquaint him with his proceedings and purpose therein the rather to giue testimony to the misconstruing and ill censuring multitude of his integritie in the vndertaking a matter of so great a consequent who in my hearing haue not spared to speak their pleasures his owne letter hits them home and the better sort who know to censure iudiciously cannot but highly commend and approue so worthy an vndertaking Thus farre I haue applied my selfe to incourage personall Aduenturers I would gladly now by worthy motiues allure the heauie vndertakers to persist with alacritie and cheerefulnesse both for their owne reputations the honour of God and their King and Country The worthier sort J meane those Nobles and others of that honourable counsell interessed therein neede no spurre their owne innate vertues driues them a pace The Merchant onely wants some feeling and present returne of those commodities which he is perswaded the country affordeth to them therefore I will addresse my speech and if I may perswade them to be constant in their proceedings some small time longer the benefit will be the greater and the more welcome when it commeth It is not for nothing Sir Thomas Dale so noblie without respect to his liuing to his Lady here in England past the prefixed time of his resolued returne yet remaineth there I am sure if he pleased he might returne with as much honour as any man from thence I say not more I shall little neede and indeede it were but wast and Idle for me to repeate and mention the commodities which with onely labour may bee there procured many Treatises hath them at full Samples haue beene sent home and no man disputeth the goodnes or the quantitie there to be had take therefore double courage to yourselues and let these two yeeres neglect be restored by a cheerefull and new onset and for your incouragement reade yet a little further and view the face of the Colony euen superficially portraide see what effects these three ye●res haue wrought In May 1611 Sir Thomas Dale with a prosperous passage not full eight weekes arriued there with him about three hundred people such as for the present speede and dispatch could then be prouided of worse condition then those formerly there who I sorrow to speake it were not so prouident though once before bitten with hunger and pennury as to put corne into the gound for their winters bread but trusted to the store then furnished but with eight months prouisiō His first care therfore was to imploy al hands about se●ting of Corne at the two Forts seated vpon Ke●oughtan Henry and Charles whereby the season then not fully past thogh about the end of May we had there an indifferent Crop of good corn This businesse taken order for and the care and trust of it committed to his vnder officers to Iames Towne he hastened where the most company were and their daily and vsuall workes bowling in the streetes these he imployed about necessary workes as felling of Timber repairing their houses ready to fall vpon their heads and prouiding pales post and railes to impaile his pu●posed new Towne which by reason of his ignorance in those parts but newly arriued there he had not resolued where to seate For his better knowledge therefore of those parts himselfe with an hundreth men spent some time in discouery first Nansamund Riuer which in dispight of the Indians then our enemies he discouered to the head after that our owne Riuer to the fals wherevpon a high land inuironed with the mayn Riuer som sixteene or twentie miles from the head of the Fals neere to an Indian