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A12461	The generall historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles with the names of the adventurers, planters, and governours from their first beginning. an⁰: 1584. to this present 1624. With the procedings of those severall colonies and the accidents that befell them in all their journyes and discoveries. Also the maps and descriptions of all those countryes, their commodities, people, government, customes, and religion yet knowne. Divided into sixe bookes. By Captaine Iohn Smith sometymes governour in those countryes & admirall of New England.	Smith, John, 1580-1631.; Barra, John, ca. 1574-1634, engraver.	1624 (1624)	STC 22790; ESTC S111882	354,881	269

it haue rest and ease The names of them that were the first Planters were these following Councel Mr Edward Maria Wingfield Captaine Bartholomew Gosnoll Captaine Iohn Smith Captaine Iohn Ratliffe Captaine Iohn Martin Captaine George Kendall Gent. Mr Robert Hunt Preacher Mr George Percie Anthony Gosnoll George Flower Cap. Gabriell Archer Robert Fenton Robert Ford. William Bruster Edward Harrington Dru Pickhouse Thomas Iacob Iohn Brookes Ellis Kingston Thomas Sands Beniamin Beast Iehu Robinson Thomas Mouton Eustace Clovill Stephen Halthrop Kellam Throgmorton Edward Morish Nathaniell Powell Edward Browne Robert Bebethland Iohn Penington Ieremy Alicock George Walker Thomas Studley Richard Crofts Nicholas Houlgraue Thomas Webbt Iohn Waller Iohn Short William Tankard William Smethes Francis Snarsbrough Richard Simons Edward Brookes Richard Dixon Iohn Martin Roger Cooke Anthony Gosnold Tho Wotton Chirurg Iohn Stevenson Thomas Gore Henry Adling Francis Midwinter Richard Frith Carpenters William Laxon Edward Pising Thomas Emry Robert Small Labourers Iohn Laydon William Cassen George Cassen Thomas Cassen William Rodes William White Old Edward Henry Tavin George Goulding Iohn Dods William Iohnson William Vnger Iam Read Blacksmith Ionas Profit Sailer Tho Cowper Barber Will Garret Bricklayer Edward Brinto Mason William Loue Taylor Nic Scot Drum Wil Wilkinson Chirurg Samuell Collier boy Nat. Pecock boy Iames Brumfield boy Richard Mutton boy With divers others to the number of 100. CHAP. II. What happened till the first supply BEing thus left to our fortunes it fortuned that within ten dayes scarce ten amongst vs could either goe or well stand such extreame weaknes and sicknes oppressed vs. And thereat none need marvaile if they consider the cause and reason which was this whilest the ships stayed our allowance was somewhat bettered by a daily proportion of Bisket which the sailers would pilfer to sell giue or exchange with vs for money Saxefras furres or loue But when they departed there remained neither taverne beere house nor place of reliefe but the common Kettell Had we beene as free from all sinnes as gluttony and drunkennesse we might haue beene canonized for Saints But our President would never haue beene admitted for ingrossing to his private Oatmeale Sacke Oyle Aqua-vitae Beefe Egges or what not but the Kettell that indeed he allowed equally to be distributed and that was halfe a pint of wheat and as much barley boyled with water for a man a day and this having fryed some 26. weekes in the ships hold contained as many wormes as graines so that we might truely call it rather so much bran then corne our drinke was water our lodgings Castles in the ayre with this lodging and dyet our extreame toile in bearing and planting Pallisadoes so strained and bruised vs and our continuall labour in the extremitie of the heat had so weakned vs as were cause sufficient to haue made vs as miserable in our natiue Countrey or any other place in the world From May to September those that escaped liued vpon Sturgeon and Sea-crabs fiftie in this time we buried the rest seeing the Presidents proiects to escape these miseries in our Pinnace by flight who all this time had neither felt want nor sicknes so moved our dead spirits as we deposed him and established Ratcliffe in his place Gosnoll being dead Kendall deposed Smith newly recovered Martin and Ratcliffe was by his care preserved and relieued and the most of the souldiers recovered with the skilfull diligence of Mr Thomas Wotton our Chirurgian generall But now was all our provision spent the Sturgeon gone all helps abandoned each houre expecting the fury of the Salvages when God the patron of all good indevours in that desperate extremitie so changed the hearts of the Salvages that they brought such plenty of their fruits and provision as no man wanted And now where some affirmed it was ill done of the Councell to send forth men so badly provided this incontradictable reason will shew them plainely they are too ill advised to nourish such ill conceits first the fault of our going was our owne what could be thought fitting or necessary we had but what we should find or want or where we should be we were all ignorant and supposing to make our passage in two moneths with victuall to liue and the advantage of the spring to worke we were at Sea fiue moneths where we both spent our victuall and lost the opportunitie of the time and season to plant by the vnskilfull presumption of our ignorant transporters that vnderstood not at all what they vndertooke Such actions haue ever since the worlds beginning beene subiect to such accidents and every thing of worth is found full of difficulties but nothing so difficult as to establish a Common-wealth so farre remote from men and meanes and where mens mindes are so vntoward as neither doe well themselues nor suffer others But to proceed The new President and Martin being little beloved of weake iudgement in dangers and lesse industrie in peace committed the managing of all things abroad to Captaine Smith who by his owne example good words and faire promises set some to mow others to binde thatch some to build houses others to thatch them himselfe alwayes bearing the greatest taske for his owne share so that in short time he provided most of them lodgings neglecting any for himselfe This done seeing the Salvages superfluitie beginne to decrease with some of his workemen shipped himselfe in the Shallop to search the Country for trade The want of the language knowledge to mannage his boat without sailes the want of a sufficient power knowing the multitude of the Salvages apparell for his men and other necessaries were infinite impediments yet no discouragement Being but six or seauen in company he went downe the river to Kecoughtan where at first they scorned him as a famished man and would in derision offer him a handfull of Corne a peece of bread for their swords and muskets and such like proportions also for their apparell But seeing by trade and courtesie there was nothing to be had he made bold to try such conclusions as necessitie inforced though contrary to his Commission Let fly his muskets ran his boat on shore whereat they all fled into the woods So marching towards their houses they might see great heapes of corne much adoe he had to restraine his hungry souldiers from present taking of it expecting as it hapned that the Salvages would assault them as not long after they did with a most hydeous noyse Sixtie or seaventie of them some blacke some red some white some party-coloured came in a square order singing and dauncing out of the woods with their Okee which was an Idoll made of skinnes stuffed with mosse all painted and hung with chaines and copper borne before them and in this manner being well armed with Clubs Targets Bowes and Arrowes they charged the English that so kindly receiued them with their muskets loaden with Pistoll shot that downe fell their God and

THE GENERALL HISTORIE OF Virginia New-England and the Summer Isles with the names of the Adventurers Planters and Governours from their first beginning An 1584. to this present 1624. WITH THE PROCEDINGS OF THOSE SEVERALL COLONIES and the Accidents that befell them in all their Journyes and Discoveries Also the Maps and Descriptions of all those Countryes their Commodities people Government Customes and Religion yet knowne DIVIDED INTO SIXE BOOKES By Captaine IOHN SMITH sometymes Governour in those Countryes Admirall of New England LONDON Printed by I.D. and I.H. for Michael Sparkes 1624. TO THE ILLVSTRIOVS AND MOST NOBLE PRINCESSE the Lady FRANCIS Duchesse of RICHMOND and LENOX MAy it please your Grace This History as for the raritie and varietie of the subiect so much more for the judicious Eyes it is like to vndergoe and most of all for that great Name whereof it dareth implore Protection might and ought to haue beene clad in better robes then my rude military hand can cut out in Paper Ornaments But because of the most things therein I am no Compiler by hear-say but haue beene a reall Actor I take my selfe to haue a propertie in them and therefore haue beene bold to challenge them to come vnder the reach of my owne rough Pen. That which hath beene indured and passed through with hardship and danger is thereby sweetned to the Actor when he becometh the Relator I haue deeply hazarded my selfe in doing and suffering and why should I sticke to hazard my reputation in Recording He that acteth two parts is the more borne withall if he come short or fayle in one of them Where shall we looke to finde a Iulius Caesar whose atchieuments shine as cleare in his owne Commentaries as they did in the field I confesse my hand though able to weild a weapon among the Barbarous yet well may tremble in handling a Pen among so many Indicious especially when I am so bold as to call so piercing and so glorious an Eye as your Grace to view these poore ragged lines Yet my comfort is that heretofore honorable and vertuous Ladies and comparable but amongst themselues haue offred me rescue and protection in my greatest dangers even in forraine parts I haue felt reliefe from that sex The beauteous Lady Tragabigzanda when I was a slaue to the Turkes did all she could to secure me When I overcame the Bashaw of Nalbrits in Tartaria the charitable Lady Call●mata supplyed my necessities In the vtmost of many extremities that blessed Pokahontas the great Kings daughter of Virginia oft saved my life When I escaped the crueltie of Pirats and most furious stormes a long time alone in a small Boat at Sea and driven ashore in France the good Lady Madam Chanoyes bountifully assisted me And so verily these my adventures haue tasted the same influence from your Gratious hand which hath given birth to the publication of this Narration If therefore your Grace shall daigne to cast your eye on this poore Booke view I pray you rather your owne Bountie without which it had dyed in the wombe then my imperfections which haue no helpe but the shrine of your glorious Name to be sheltered from censorious condemnation Vouchsafe some glimpse of your honorable aspect to accept these my labours to protect them vnder the shadow of your excellent Name which will inable them to be presented to the Kings royall Maiestie the most admired Prince Charles and the Queene of Bohemia your sweet Recommendations will make it the worthier of their good countenances And as all my endevours are their due tribute so this Page shall record to posteritie that my service shall be to pray to God that you may still continue the renowned of your sexe the most honored of men and the highly blessed of God Your Graces faithfull and devoted servant IOHN SMITH ¶ A Preface of foure Poynts THis plaine History humbly sheweth the truth that our most royall King Iames hath place and opportunitie to inlarge his ancient Dominions without wronging any which is a condition most agreeable to his most iust pious resolutions and the Prince his Highness may see where to plant new Colonies The gaining Prouinces addeth to the Kings Crown but the reducing Heathen people to ciuilitie and true Religion bringeth honour to the King of Heauen If his Princely wisedome and powerfull hand renowned through the world for admirable government please but to set these now Estates into order their composure will be singular the counsell of divers is confused the generall Stocke is consumed nothing but the touch of the Kings sacred hand can erect a Monarchy Most noble Lords and worthy Gentlemen it is your Honors that haue imployed great paines and large expence in laying the foundation of this State wherein much hath beene buried vnder ground yet some thing hath sprung vp and giuen you a taste of your adventures Let no difficulties alter your noble intentions The action is an honour to your Country and the issue may well reimburse you your summes expended Our practices haue hitherto beene but assayes and are still to be amended Let your bountie supply the necessities of weake beginnings and your excellent iudgements rectifie the proceedings the returne cannot choose in the end but bring you good Commodities and good contentments by your aduancing shipping and fishing so vsefull vnto our Nation Yee valiant and generous spirits personall possessors of these new-found Territories banish from among you Cowardise covetousnes iealousies and idlenes enemies to the raising your honours and fortunes vertue industry and amitie will make you good and great and your merits liue to ensuing Ages You that in contempt of necessities hazard your liues and estates imploying your studies labours in these faire endevours liue and prosper as I desire my soule should prosper For my selfe let emulation and enuie cease I ever intended my actions should be vpright now my care hath beene that my Relations should giue every man they concerne their due But had I not discovered and liued in the most of those parts I could not possibly haue collected the substantiall truth from such a number of variable Relations that would haue made a Volume at least of a thousand sheets Though the beginning may seeme harsh in regard of the Antiquities breuitie and names a pleasanter Discourse ensues The stile of a Souldier is not eloquent but honest and iustifiable so I desire all my friends and well-wishers to excuse and accept it and if any be so noble as to respect it he that brought New England to light though long since brought in obscuritie he is againe to be found a true servant to all good designes So I ever rest yours to command IOHN SMITH A Gentleman desirous to be vnknowne yet a great Benefactor to Virginia his loue to the Author the Company and History STay reade behold skill courage knowledge Arts Wonder of Nature Mirror of our Clime Mars Vulcan Neptune striue to haue their parts Rare Ornaments

2. 3. 1. 2. 3. Truth travayle and Neglect pure painefull most vnkinde 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. Doth proue consume dismay the soule the corps the minde Edw Ingham To my deare friend by true Vertue ennobled Captaine Iohn Smith MOre then enough I cannot thee commend Whos 's both abilities and Loue doe tend So to advance the good of that Estate By English charge and Planters propagate Through heapes of painfull hazards in the first Of which that Colony thy Care hath nurst And often that effected but with ten That after thee and now three hundred men Haue faild in 'mong the Salvages who shake At bruit of Thee as Spaine at Name of Drake Which well appeares considering the while Thou governedst nor force of theirs ne guile Lessend a man of thine but since I rue In Brittish blood they deeply did imbrue Their Heathen hands And truth to say we see Our selues wee lost vntimely leaving Thee Nor yet perceiue I any got betweene Thee and thy merit which hath better beene In prayse or profit much if counted iust Free from the Weales abuse or wronged trust Some few particulars perhaps haue sped But wherein hath the publicke prospered Or is there more of those Vast Countries knowne Then by thy Labours and Relations showne First best And shall wee loue Thee now the lesse Farre be ●t fit condignely to expresse Thankes by new Charge or recompence by whom Such past good hath such future good may come David Wiffin Noble Captaine Smith my worthy Friend NOt like the Age wherein thou liu'st to lie Buried in basenesse sloth or Ribaldrie For most doe thus hast thou thy selfe applide But in faire Actions Merits height descride Which like foure Theaters to set thee forth The worlds foure Quarters testifie thy worth The last whereof America best showes Thy paines and prayse and what to thee shee owes Although thy Sommer shone on th' Elder Three In as great Deeds as great varietie For opening to Her Selfe Her Selfe in Two Of Her large Members Now Ours to our view Thereby endearing vs to thy desart That doubly dost them to our hands impart There by thy Worke Heere by thy Workes By each Maist thou Fames lasting Wreath for guerdon reach And so become in after Times t' ensue A President for others So to doe William Grent To his worthily affected Friend Captaine Iohn Smith AMongst so many that by learned skill Haue given iust prayse to thee and to thy Booke Deare friend receiue this pledge of my good will Whereon if thou with acceptation looke And thinke it worthie ranke amongst the rest Vse thy discretion I haue done my best 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Contents of the generall History divided into six Books The first Booke THE first voyage to the new World by Madock Prince of Wales The next by Ha●no Prince of Carthage and how it was offred K. Hen. 7. by Chr. Cullumbus that vndertooke it for the Spanyards 1492. How Iohn Cabot was imployed by King Hen. the 7. and found the Continent before Cullumbus Also Sir Martin Frobisher and Sir Humphrey Gilbert ranged towards the North. And how Captaine Amidas was sent to discover the coast of Florida by Sir Water Raleigh and his associates And the Country Wingandacoa was called Virginia by Q●cene Elizabeth Page 1 4. Sir Richard Greenvill sent thither with 108. he left for a plantation The discovery of the Rivers Chawonok and Moratoc The trechery of their King who with eight more were slaine and they all returned to England againe the same yeare with Sir Francis Drake pag. 5 9. The Observations of Master Heriot Of their commodities victuall fru●ts beasts fishes and foules Their Religion and beliefe of God of the Creation of the world and man the immortalitie of the soule the subtiltie of their Priests the peoples simplicitie and desire of salvation and other Accidents pag. 9 12. Sir Rich Greenvill sent to supply them Not finding them left fiftie Their successe page 13. Master White sent to relieue them found they were all slaine yet left 115. more and departed Returning the second time he could not heare of them his Observations and Accidents pag. 14 16. A discovery by Captaine Gosnoll of Elizabeths Isles his Observations Relations and returne pag. 17.18 The voyage of Captaine Pring to the same Coast. The discovery of Captaine Waymouth his Observations Relations and returne pag. 18 20. A Map of the old Virginia with the figures of the Salvages The second Booke Of Virginia now planted discovered by Captaine SMITH THe Latitude Temperature and Capes a description of Chisapeack Bay and s●aven navigable Rivers that fall into it with their severall Inhabitants and diversitie of Language pag. 21 25. Of things growing Naturally as woods fruits gummes berries herbs roots also of beasts birds and fishes how they divide the yeare prepare their ground plant their corne and vse it and other victuall page 25. 29. What commodities may be had by industry The description of the people their numbers constitutions dispositions attyre buildings lodgings and gardens their vsage of children striking of fire making their Bowes and Arrowes kniues swords targets and boats how they spinne make fish-hooks and ginnes and their order of hunting Consultations and order in Warres pag. 29 33. Their musicke entertainment trade Physicke Chirurgery and Charmes Their Religion God burials ordinary and extraordinary Temples Priests Ornaments solemnities Coniurations Altars sacrifices black boyes and resurrection pag. 34 36. The manner of their government their Emperor his attendants watch treasury wiues successors authority tenure of their lands and manner of punishment with some words of their Language Englished pag. 37 40. And a Mappe of the Countrey of Virginia now planted The third Booke Of the Accidents and Proceedings of the English THeir orders of government Accidents in going first landing and governement setled pag. 41.42 The Salvages assault the Fort the ships returne their names were left occasion of sicknes plenty vnexpected the building of Iames Towne the beginning of Trade two proiects to abandon the Country pag. 43 46. Their first attempts vpon the Salvages Captaine Smith taken prisoner their order of Triumph and how he should haue beene executed was preserved saved Iames towne from being surprised how they Contured him Powhata● entertained him would haue slaine him how Pocahontas his daughter saved him and sent him to Iames Towne The third plot to abandon the Countrey suppressed pag. 47 49. Their first Supply and Accidents The Salvages opinion of our God Captaine Smith revisits Powhatan Iames Towne burnt A co●ceited gold mine A needlesse charge Captaine Newports returne for England pag 50 53. Iames Towne rebuilt with a Church and Store-house The Salvages plot to murther all the English their insolencies suppressed Different opinions among the Councell p. 53. Their names landed in this Supply p. 54. The discovery of the Bay of Chriapeack Their fight and conference with the Kuskarawaoks Ambuscadoes prevented in the river Patawomek A mine like

of prouision for his Company the great Commander replied hee should turne them to his greene Corne which would make them plumpe and fat these fields being so neere the Fort were better regarded and preserued then the rest but the great mans command as we call them was quickly obeied for though it was scarce halfe growne either to the greatnesse or goodnesse they deuoured it greene though it did them small good Sir George with his company went to A●comack to his new P●antation where he staied neere six weekes some Corne he brought home but as he aduentured for himselfe he accordingly enioyed the benefit some pety Magazines came this Summer but either the restraint by Proclamation or want of Boats or both caused few but the Chieftaines to be little better by them So long as Captaine Nuse had any thing we had part but now all being spent and the people forced to liue vpon Oisters and Crabs they became so faint no worke could be done and where the Law was no worke no meat now the case is altered to no meat no worke some small quantity of Milke and Rice the Captaine had of his owne and that he would distribute gratis as he saw occasion I say gratis for I know no place else but it was sold for ready paiment those eares of Corne that had escaped till August though not ripe by reason of the late planting the very Dogs did repaire to the Corne fields to seeke them as the men till they were hanged and this I protest before God is true that I haue related not to flatter Nuse nor condemne any but all the time I haue liued in Virginia I haue not seene nor heard that any Commander hath taken such continuall paines for the publike or done so little good for himselfe and his vertuous wife was no lesse charitable and compassionate according to her power For my owne part although I found neither Mulberies planted houses built men nor victuall prouided as the honourable Aduenturers did promise mee in England yet at my owne charge hauing made these preparations and the silke-Wormes ready to be couered all was lost but my poore life and children by the Massacre the which as God in his mercy did preserue I continually pray we may spend to his glory The 9. of September we had an alarum and two men at their labours slaine the Captaine though extreme sicke sallied forth but the Saluages lay hid in the Corne fields all night where they destroyed all they could and killed two men more much mischiefe they did to Master Edward Hills cattle yet he alone defended his house though his men were sicke and could doe nothing and this was our first assault since the Massacre About this time Captaine Madyson passed by vs hauing taken Prisoners the King of Patawomek his sonne and two more and thus it happened Madyson not liking so well to liue amongst the Saluages as Croshaw did built him a strong house within the Fort so that they were not so sociable as before nor did they much like Poole the Interpret many Alarums they had but saw no enemies Madyson before his building went to Moyaones where hee got prouision for a moneth and was promised much more so he returned to Patawomek and built this house and was well vsed by the Saluages Now by the foure great men the King sent to Pamavuke for the redemption of the Prisoners Madyson sent them a letter but they could neither deliuer it nor see them so long they stayed that the King grew doubtfull of their bad vsage that hee swore by the Skyes if they returned not well he would haue warres with Opechankanough so long as he had any thing at this time two of Madysons men ranne from him to finde them he sent Master Iohn Vpton and three more with an Indian guide to Nazatica where they heard they were At this place was a King beat out of his Country by the N●costs enemies to the Patawomeks this expulsed King though he professed much loue to the Patawomeks yet hee loued not the King because he would not helpe him to reuenge his iniuries but to our Interpreter Poole hee protested great loue promising if any treason were he would reueale it our guide conducted this Bandy to with them vp to Patawomek and there kept him our Fugitiues we found the Patawomeks had taken and brought home and the foure great men returned from Pamavuke not long after this expulsed King desired priuate conference with Poole vrging him to sweare by his God neuer to reueale what hee would tell him Poole promised he would not then quoth this King those great men that went to Pamavuke went not as you suppose they pretended but to contract with Opechankanough how to kill you all here and these are their plots First they will procure halfe of you to goe a fishing to their furthest towne and there set vpon them and cut off the rest if that faile they will faine a place where are many strangers would trade their Furres where they will perswade halfe of you to goe trade and there murder you and kill them at home and if this faile also then they will make Alarums two nights together to tire you out with watching and then set vpon you yet of all this said he there is none acquainted but the King and the great Coniurer This being made known to the Captain we all stood more punctually vpon our guard at which the Saluages wondering desired to know the cause we told them we expected some assault from the Pamavukes whereat they seemed contented and the next day the King went on hunting with two of our men and the other a fishing and abroad as before till our Shallop returned from Iames towne with the two Saluages sent home with Captaine Croshaw by those the Gouernour sent to Madyson that this King should send him twelue of his great men word of this was sent to the King at another towne where he was who not comming presently with the Messenger Madyson conceited hee regarded not the message and intended as he supposed the same treason The next morning the King comming home being sent for he came to the Captaine and brought him a dish of their daintiest fruit then the Captaine fained his returne to Iames towne the King told him he might if he would but desired not to leaue him destitute of aid hauing so many enemies about him the Captaine told him he would leaue a guard but intreated his answer concerning the twelue great men for the Gouernour the King replied his enemies lay so about him he could not spare them then the Captaine desired his sonne and one other my sonne said the King is gone abroad about businesse but the other you desire you shall haue and that other sits by him but that man refused to goe whereupon Madyson went forth and locked the doore leauing the King his sonne and foure Saluages and fiue English men in the

related vnto you the present estate of that small part of Virginia wee frequent and possesse Since there was a ship fraughted with prouision and fortie men and another since then with the like number and prouision to stay twelue moneths in the Countrie with Captaine Argall which was sent not long after After hee had recreated and refreshed his Companie hee was sent to the Riuer Patawomeake to trade for Corne the Saluages about vs hauing small quarter but friends and foes as they found aduantage and opportunitie But to conclude our peace thus it happened Captaine Argall hauing entred into a great acquaintance with Iapazaws an 〈…〉 of Captaine Smiths and so to all our Nation euer since ●ee d●scouered the Countrie hard by him there was Pocahontas whom Captaine Smiths Relations intituleth the Numparell of Virginia and though she had beene many times a preseruer of him and the whole Colonie yet till this accident shee was neuer seene at Iames towne since his departure being at Patawom●ke as it seemes thinking her selfe vnknowne was easily by her friend Iapazaws perswaded to goe abroad with him and his wife to see the ship for Captaine Argall had promised him a Copper Kettle to bring her but to him promising no way to hurt her but keepe her till they could conclude a peace with her father the Saluage for this Copper Kettle would haue done any thing it seem●d by the Relation for though she had seene and beene in many ships yet hee caused his wife to faine how desirous she was to see one and that hee offered to beat her for her importunitie till she wept But at last he told her if Pocahontas would goe with her hee was content and thus they betraied the poore innocent Pocahontas aboord where they were all kindly feasted in the Cabbin Iapazaws treading oft on the Captaines foot to remember he had done his part the Captaine when he saw his time perswaded Pocahontas to the Gun-roome faining to haue some conference with Iapazaws which was onely that she should not perceiue hee was any way guiltie of her captiuitie so sending for her againe hee told her before her friends she must goe with him and compound peace betwixt her Countrie and vs before she euer should see Powhatan whereat the old Iew and his wife began to howle and crie as fast as Pocahontas that vpon the Captaines faire perswasions by degrees pacifying her selfe and Iapazaws and his wife with the Kettle and other toies went merrily on shore and shee to Iames towne A messenger forthwith was sent to her father that his daughter Pocahontas he loued so dearely he must ransome with our men swords peeces tooles c. hee trecherously had stolne This vnwelcome newes much troubled Powhatan because hee loued both his daughter and our commodities well yet it was three moneths after ere hee returned vs any answer then by the perswasion of the Councell he returned seuen of our men with each of them an vnseruiceable Musket and sent vs word that when wee would deliuer his daughter hee would make vs satisfaction for all iniuries done vs and giue vs fiue hundred bushels of Corne and for euer be friends with vs. That he sent we receiued in part of payment and returned him this answer That his daughter should be well vsed but we could not beleeue the rest of our armes were either lost or stolne from him and therefore till hee sent them we would keepe his daughter This answer it seemed much displeased him for we heard no more from him a long time after when with Captaine Argals ship and some other vessels belonging to the Colonie Sir Thomas Dale with a hundred and fiftie men well appointed went vp into his owne Riuer to his chiefe habitation with his daughter with many scornfull brauado's they affronted vs proudly demanding why wee came thither our reply was Wee had brought his daughter and to receiue the ransome for her that was promised or to haue it perforce They nothing dismayed thereat told vs We were welcome if wee came to fight for they were prouided for vs but aduised vs if wee loued our liues to retire else they would vse vs as they had done Captaine Ratcliffe We told them wee would presently haue a better answer but we were no sooner within shot of the shore than they let flie their Arrowes among vs in the ship Being thus iustly prouoked wee presently manned our Boats went on shore burned all their houses and spoiled all they had we could finde and so the next day proceeded higher vp the Riuer where they demanded ●hy wee burnt their houses and wee why they shot at vs They replyed it was some s●ragling Saluage with many other excuses they in●ended no hurt but were our friends We told them wee came not to hurt them but v●sit them as friends also Vpon this we concluded a peace and forthwith they dispatched messengers to Powhatan whose answer they told vs wee must expect foure and twentie houres ere the messengers could returne Then they told vs our men were runne away for feare we would hang them yet Powhatans men were runne after them as for our Swords and Peeces they should be brought vs the next day which was only but to delay time for the next day they came not Then we went higher to a house of Powhatans called Matchot where we saw about foure hundred men well appointed here they dar●d vs to come on shore which wee did no shew of feare they made at all nor offered to resist our landing but walking boldly vp and downe amongst vs demanded to conferre with our Captaine of his comming in that manner and to haue truce till they could but once more send to their King to know his pleasure which if it were not agreeable to their expectation then they would fight with vs and defend their owne as they could which was but onely to deferre the time to carrie away their prouision yet wee promised them truce ti●l the next day at noone and then if they would fight with vs they should know when we would begin by our Drums and Trumpets Vpon this promise two of Powhatans sonnes came vnto vs to see their sister at whose sight seeing her well though they heard to the contrarie they much reioiced promising they would perswade her father to redeeme her and for euer be friends with vs. And vpon this the two brethren went aboord with vs and we sent M●ster Iohn Rolfe and Master Sparkes to Powhatan to acquaint him with the businesse kindly they were entertained but not admitted the presence of Powhatan but they spoke with Opechaucanough his brother and successor hee promised to doe the best he could to Powhatan all might be well So it being Aprill and time to prepare our ground and set our Corne we returned to Iames Towne promising the forbearance of their performing their promise till the next haruest Long before this Master Iohn Rolfe an

honest Gentleman and of good behauiour had beene in loue with Pocahontas and she with him which thing at that instant I made knowne to Sir Thomas Dale by a letter from him wherein hee intreated his aduice and she acquainted her brother with it which resolution Sir Thomas Dale well approued the brute of this mariage came soone to the knowledge of Powhatan a thing acceptable to him as appeared by his sudden consent for within ten daies he sent Opachisco an old Vncle of hers and two of his sons to see the manner of the mariage and to doe in that behalfe what they were requested for the confirmation thereof as his deputie which was accordingly done about the first of Aprill And euer since wee haue had friendly trade and commerce as well with Powhatan himselfe as all his subiects Besides this by the meanes of Powhatan we became in league with our next neighbours the Chicahamanias a lustie and a daring people free of themselues These people so soone as they heard of our peace with Powhatan sent two messengers with presents to Sir Thomas Dale and offered him their seruice excusing all former iniuries hereafter they would euer be King Iames his subiects and relinquish the name of Chickahamania to be called Tassautessus as they call vs and Sir Thomas Dale there Gouernour as the Kings Deputie onely they desired to be gouerned by their owne Lawes which is eight of their Elders as his substitutes This offer he kindly accepted and appointed the day hee would come to visit them Wh●n the appointed day came Sir Thomas Dale and Captaine Argall with fiftie men well appointed went to Chickahamania where wee found the people expecting our comming they vsed vs kindly and the next morning sate in counsell to conclude their peace vpon these conditions First they should for euer bee called Englishmen and bee true subiects to King Iames and his Deputies Secondly neither to kill nor detaine any of our men nor cattell but bring them home Thirdly to bee alw●ies ready to furnish vs with three hundred men against the Spaniards or any Fourthly they shall not enter ●ur townes but send word they are new Englishmen Fiftly that euery fighting man at the beginning of haruest shall bring to our store two bushels of Corne for tribute for which they shall rec●iue so many Hatchets Lastly the eight chiefe men should see all this performed or receiue the punishment themselues for their diligence they should haue a red coat a copper chaine and King Iames his picture and be accounted his Noblemen All this they concluded with a generall assent and a great shout to confirme it then one of the old men began an Oration bending his speech first to the old men then to the young and then to the women and children to make them vnderstand how strictly they were to obserue these conditions and we would defend them from the furie of Powhatan or any enemie whatsoeuer and furnish them with Copper Beads and Hatchets but all this was rather for feare Powhatan and we being so linked together would bring them againe to his subiection the which to preuent they did rather chuse to be protected by vs than tormented by him whom they held a Tyrant And thus wee returned againe to Iames towne When our people were fed out of the common store and laboured iointly together glad was he could slip from his labour or slumber ouer his taske he cared not how nay the most honest among them would hardly take so much true paines in a weeke as now for themselues they will doe in a day neither cared they for the increase presuming that howsoeuer the haruest prospered the generall store must maintaine them so that wee reaped not so much Corne from the labours of thirtie as now three or foure doe prouide for themselues To preuent which Sir Thomas Dale hath allotted euery man three Acres of cleare ground in the nature of Farmes except the Bermudas who are exempted but for one moneths seruice in the yeere which must neither bee in feed-time nor haruest for which doing no other dutie they pay yeerely to the store but two barrels and a halfe of Corne from all those Farmers whereof the first was William Spence an honest valiant and an industrious man and hath continued from 1607. to this present from those is expected such a contribution to the store as wee shall neither want for our selues nor to entertaine our supplies for the rest they are to worke eleuen moneths for the store and hath one moneth onely allowed them to get prouision to keepe them for twelue except two bushels of Corne they haue out of the store if those can liue so why should any feare staruing and it were much better to denie them passage that would not ere they come bee content to ingage themselues to those conditions for onely from the slothfull and idle drones and none else hath sprung the manifold imputations Virginia innocen●ly hath vndergone and therefore I would deter such from comming here that cannot well brooke labour except they will vndergoe much punishment and penurie if they escape the skuruie but for the industrious there is reward sufficient and if any thinke there is nothing but bread I referre you to his relations that discouered the Countrie first The gouernment left to Sir Thomas Dale vpon Sir Thomas Gates returne for England SIr Thomas Dale vnderstanding there was a plantation of Frenchmen in the north part of Virginia about the degrees of 45. sent Captaine Argall to Port Royall and Sancta Crux where finding the Frenchmen abroad dispersed in the Woods surprized their Ship and Pinnace which was but newly come from France wherein was much good apparel and other prouision which he brought to Iames towne but the men escaped and liued among the Saluages of those Countries It pleased Sir Thomas Dale before my returne to England because I would be able to speake somewhat of my owne knowledge to giue mee leaue to visit Powhatan and his Court being prouided I had Thomas Saluage with mee for my Interpreter with him and two Saluages for guides I went from the Bermuda in the morning and came to Match●t the next night where the King lay vpon the Riuer of Pamavuke his entertainment was strange to me the boy he knew well and told him My child I gaue you leaue being my boy to goe see your friends and these foure yeeres I haue not seene you nor heard of my owne man Namoutack I sent to England though many ships since haue beene returned thence Hauing done with him hee began with mee and demanded for the chaine of pearle he sent his brother Sir Thomas Dale at his first arriuall which was a token betwixt them when euer hee should send a messenger from himselfe to him he should weare that chaine about his necke since the peace was concluded otherwaies he was to binde him and send him home It