Iesus Christ to him be glorie both now and for ever Amen CHAP. XXX What perfection of inherent righteousnesse is attainable in this life MOst absolute and infinite perfection of righteousnesse is onely in God who is that light in whom there is no darknesse at all of whom the sweet singer of Israel could say Psal 145.17 The Lord is righteous in all his wayes and holy in all his workes But that righteousnesse which is in man is finite and limited and such is all the perfection he can attaine in it and both accrew unto him by participation from him who is the fountaine of righteousnesse and perfection Now that perfection compatible to man Aquin. in Phil. cap. 3. lect 2. is two-fold first Viae secondly Patriae the first incident to man in the state of grace whilst he is as yet a way-faring pilgrim and stranger on earth the second belonging to man when he comes into his heavenly Country and is a member of the triumphant Church in the state of glorie What perfection of righteousnesse wee may attaine in the way of this life wee are now to enquire of and in searching it out wee shall finde all our perfection attended with much imperfection Haec hominibus sola perfectio si imperfectos esse se noverint Heron. adv Peti li. 1o. This is the onely perfection in men if they acknowledge themselues imperfect But how shall we know and acknowledge our selues imperfect but by finding out in our selues the defect and want of those things whereby we should be perfected and by what other meanes can wee possibly be perfected than by knowing God and beleeving in God and loving God and obeying God For by such knowledge faith charitie and obedience Christian perfection is attained But alas as the Apostle saith 1 Cor. 13.9 wee know in part and so wee beleeue in part and loue God in part and obey him in part St. Gregorie therefore knits the foure linkes of this chaine by the first and the last with a tantò quantò saying tantò quis operatur quantò Deum noverit Greg. in Ezek. hom 22. so much as wee know God so much wee obey him in our workes such as our knowledge is of him such is our obedience to him such is our righteousnesse and hereupon St. Iohn saith Hereby wee know 1 Iohn 2.3 that wee know him if wee keepe his Commandements Now wee cannot keepe his Commandements unlesse wee loue him for this is the loue of God 1 Ioh. 5. v. 3. that wee keepe his Commandements and wee cannot loue him unlesse we beleeue in Him Gal. 5.6 for faith worketh by loue and we cannot beleeue in Him unlesse wee know him and can say with the Apostle Scio cui credidi 2 Tim. 1.12 I know whom I haue beleeved That wee may be perfect wee must haue perfection two wayes Aquin. in Heb cap. 5. lect 2. saith Aquinas First secundùm intellectum in our understanding by being able to discerne and judge aright of things secondly secundùm affectum in our affection by charitie cleaving wholy to God For charitie is in a sort of as large extent as inherent righteousnesse being the fulfilling of the Law the mother of obedience and every good worke We are perfect in that wee haue faith hope and other vertues truely in some measure but in that we haue them not in full measure we are imperfect and so our perfection though true is still imperfect St. Paul said of himselfe he was not perfected Phil. 3.12 after in the fifteenth verse he calles himselfe perfect Fulg. de praedestin ad Monimum li. 10. Whereupon Fulgentius saith of him He was perfect by expectation of reward imperfect through wearisomenesse of the combat Hee was perfect in that with his minde he served the Law of God he was imperfect in that with his flesh he served the Law of sinne Thus it was in the chosen vessell of mercy much more in us in whom all our perfection is ever attended with many imperfections CHAP. XXXI Of perfect righteousnesse in this life more punctually and plainly AS all the lines in a Circle passing from the Circumference through the mediate meete in the Center So all the righteous workes of the Saints proceeding from grace through faith are terminated and meeâ—e in the Center of Gods glorie 1 Cor. 10.31 according to that precept of the Apostle Doe all to theglorie of God and surely to doe so is true perfection Now every thing is perfect saith Aquinas Aquin. in Philip cap. 3. lect 2. in such sort as it doth adhere to the perfection thereof but our ultimate perfection is God and his glory now to referre all our actions totally and actually to God and his glorie is perfectio patriae the perfection of our heavenly Countrie and not to be found in any man on earth saue in Christ onely who in the dayes of his flesh was both Viator and Comprehensor both in the state of grace and state of glory But Aquin. â—bâ— supra as Aquinas saith againe to apply our hearts in nothing unto that which is against God and referre our whole life habitually unto God is perfectio viae that perfection of us way-faring pilgrims ☞ ad quam omnes tenentur ex necessitate salutis whereunto all are bound upon necessitie of salvation No man doth actually referre his whole life unto God and his glorie Eccles 7.20 James 3.2 for there is noman just an earth which doth good and sinneth not and in many things wee all offend David and St. Peter and other holy men of God had their faults and errors and yet were habitually righteous therefore remarkeable is that excellent observation of St. Ambrose Divina justicia Denitune justi ☞ Ambr. in Luc. cap. 1. ex mantir habitu non aliquo factor 〈…〉 God 〈…〉 measare the 〈◊〉 of the righteous by 〈…〉 minde not by some event of workes 〈…〉 none could be righteous none would 〈…〉 none could expect the reward of glory it is the triumphant Church which is all faire and there is no â—â—â—â—â—ish in hen There fore howsoever the perfectists conâ—â—â—iue of it it is most true which St. Augustine writeth Aug. de eccl dogm cap. 85. Nullus sanctus justus caret peceato thee tamen hoc desinit esse sanctus justus 〈…〉 no just and holy man is 〈…〉 sildae never the lesse he doth nick cease to be holy and just seting in affection he retaines sanctitis So that still a man may be habitually righteous who is not without all error and actuall prevarication To loue and affect holinesse is a degree of holinesse as to desire and endeavour to be perfect is a degree of perfection according to that in St. Bernard Bern. ad Garin Abb. ep 254. Studere perfectioni perfectio est to study to be perfect is perfection Luther writes of one Staupitius a godly learned man that he vowed a
the Eagle soaring upon high could say Iohn 1.14 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and the Word was made flesh And the trumpet of grace proclaiming the great mysterie of godlinesse beginnes with 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 God was manifested in the flesh 1 Tim. 3.16 Thus the Sonne of God by nature voluntarily and graciously became the sonne of man that the sonnes of men might in him become the sons of God by grace In this most mysterious worke of Christs in carnation St. Bernard observeth Bern. de consid li. 5. c. 9. that as in GOD there are three persons and one essence so by a most convenient contrarietie there be in Christ three essences and one person Which three essences are his reasonable soule his humane flesh his Deitie Now the two former essences make up the humane nature in Christ for although there be three essences yet are there but two natures And though there be two natures yet is there but one person and not two as Nestorius the hereticke taught Now although the humane nature in Christ be not a person yet is it individually and numerically distinguished from the particular humane nature in Moses and Peter and each other man But it is individnum extraordinarium it is an extraordinarie individuall humane nature which never had any subsistence in it selfe or for it selfe but in divino supposito 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the Word in the Sonne of God And it is an extraordinary individuall humane nature because altogether without sinne First without originall sinne which is propagated from Adam by the Father but our Saviour had no such earthly Father and consequently no originall sinne Secondly without actuall sinne in that the humane nature in the first moment of conception was by Hypostaticall union of the Deitie perfectly sanctified made impeccabilis free from any power or possibilitie of sinning Hence by way of excellency he is that sonne of man 2 Cor. 3.28 who knew no sinne Now our blessed Saviour in regard of his two natures was medius inter Deum hominem a meane betwixt God and man as participating of both but a Mediatour in respect of his office of reconciliation and redemption For there is one God and one Mediatour betwixt God and men 1 Tim. 2.5 the man Christ Iesus And it is to be observed that the Apostle saith not God but the man Christ Iesus For God could not die unlesse he had been man But God was made man that he might die for man and so reconcile man unto God Hereupon Fulgent serm de dupl nativ Domini Fulgentius saith Conceptus in utero factus est particeps mortis nostrae being conceived in the wombe he was made partaker of death with us And Saint Augustine to the same purpose saith Aug. in Psal 148. Accepit exte unde moreretur prote He tooke that of thee wherein he might die for thee CHAP. XI Christs Passion SINNE according to St. Iohns description is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 1 Iohn 3.4 a transgression of the Law a privation of righteousnesse commanded therein Now a privation is minimae entitatis sed maximae efficaciae of the least entitie but of the greatest efficacie Which is most true in sinne For what was there in the whole world in heaven or earth that could cause the death of the Son of God or as St. Augustine speakes Vt aeternus moreretur that he who is eternall should die but onely sinne And that not his owne but ours our prophanenesse our crueltie pride luxurie covetousnesse intemperance our lies our oaths our innumerable sinnes All which were made his not by inherence but by imputation And he tooke them all upon him not subjectivè but expiativè not subjectiuely but by way of expiation to satisfie the justice and appease the wrath of his Father for them For by shedding his bloud on the Crosse for our sinnes he cancelled the fearefull bond and put out the hand-writing against us And so as the Apostle testifieth in him haue we redemption through his bloud even the forgiuenesse of our sinnes Ephes 1.7 according to the riches of his grace Our most gracious Saviour in that bitter agonie of his most dolorous passion upon the Crosse might well complaine with Ieremie the sonne of Hilkiah Behold and see Lam. 1.12 if there be any sorrow like unto my sorrow And may not all that by faith embrace him crucified on the Crosse most truely say behold and see if there be any loue like unto his loue who so loved us that he laid downe his life for us who so loved us that he gaue himselfe for us Here is loue without measure unparalleled charitie without any example Iohn 15.13 Greater loue hath no man than this that a man lay downe his life for his friends Yea but the loue of Iesus exceeded the loue of men it passed the loue of Damon and Pythias of David and Ionathan it surpassed the loue of women For as the chosen vessell of mercy noteth God commendeth his loue towards us in that while wee were yet sinners Christ dyed for us Rom. 5.8 and in the tenth verse following more emphatically he intimateth that when wee were enemies we were reconciled unto God by the death of his Sonne much more being reconciled wee shall be saved by his life O most wonderfull death O most meritorious work of supenerogation wherein stands our righteousnesse and everlasting salvation O most happie death bringing to man eternall life Mors Christi mors est meae mortis quoniam ille mortuus est ut ego viverem Bernard ad Milit. rempl cap. 11. saith holy Bernard The death of Christ is the death of my death for he dyed that I might live CHAP. XII Christs Resurrection LEt us now passe from the Crosse of our Lord Iesus and walke unto his sepulcher in the garden of Iosseph of Arimathea and see whether his most sacred body be there But loe we haue the voice of an Angell telling us He is not here Math. 28.6 for he is risen Here our blessed Saviours resurrection is proclaimed by an Herald from Heaven by an Angell Whereby we know that he is a perfect Mediatour betwixt God and us tam merito quà m efficaciâ as well by the merit of his passion as by the power and efficacy of his resurrection Satan the Serpent thought he had strangled the fruit of our redemption by procuring that ignominious and shamefull death of Christ on the Crosse supposing to haue kept him under the chaines of darknesse Aug. serm 1. in fest ascens But as St. Augustine writeth Muscipula Diaboli crux Christi esca quâ caperetur mors Christi the Crosse of Christ was the Devills trap the baite whereby he was taken was the death of Christ So the deceiver was deceived the subtile Serpent was beguiled for it was not possible that he should keepe him under death who is the Lord of life John 11.25
the object seeing that such may be in evill Angels and reprobates and in that sense St. Iames saith Iam. 2.19 Daemones credunt contremiscunt the devills beleeue and tremble but it is * Or rather an affiance in Christ the redeemer for pardon of sin grounded on the promise of the Gospell a fiduciall assent to the promise of saving grace in Christ And as it is an assent it hath place in the understanding as it is fiduciall it hath place in the will A bare assent to the object is too slender a setting forth of the formall cause of justifying faith and too weake to support that which is the life of a Christian who saith with the Apostle Galat. â— 20. I liue by the faith of the Sonne of God who loved me and gaue himselfe for me Cornelius Bishop of Bitonto Corn. Bitont apud Whitak Conc. ult upon the first to the Romans saith that faith is not a bare credulitie but a trust and confidence and includes some operation of the will God indeed as the principall predominant efficient cause worketh faith in man this is the worke of God Iohn 6.29 that wee beleeue on him whom he hath sent but man in whom faith is wrought formally beleeveth and that willingly not against his will Aug. de Spir. lit ca. 34. All this St. Augustine plainely insinuateth saying Voluntas qua credimus dono Dei tribuitur the will whereby we beleeue is ascribed to the gift of God So then it is necessarily inferred out of the precedent grounds that both the will and whole person of a Christian is singularly perfected by the righteousnesse of faith in Christ Iesus whereby we who were enemies become well pleasing and acceptable to GOD and therefore the chosen vessell of mercy desired this Philip. 3.9 and onely this he desired that he might be foundin Christ not having his owne righteousnesse which is of the Law but that which is through the faith of Christ the righteousnesse which is of God through faith CHAP. XX. Of the different participating of imputed righteousnesse by faith THE righteousnesse of Christs merit which is the materiall cause of our justification is equally communicated to all that haue it so that in regard of it one is not more righteous than another For it is entirely imputed unto whom it is imputed and entirely embraced by all who participate of it But because we apprehend and apply it to our selues by a spirituall instrument or organ namely faith hence it coÌ„meth to passe that all doe not equally apprehend and applie it to themselues for all haue not one degree or measure of faith But it is according to one degree in one and according to another degree in another in some weaker and in others stronger and yet all haue true faith and sufficient to embrace Christs righteousnesse For if we consider faith secundùm rationem specificam in the essentiall forme whereby it is specified and differenced from other habits and vertues so it is in all right beleevers alike for every essentiall forme is constituted in indivisibili and doth not admit latitude as not being capable of division by more or lesse But if we consider it secundùm rationem individualem as it is inherent in divers subjects so it is in some more in others lesse and doth admit very great latitude And so there may be one degree of faith in St. Peter another in St. Paul and another in St. Luke and another in Onesimus Hence was it that our Saviour said to the Centurion in Capernaum Math. 10.8 I haue not found so great faith no not in Israel And to the woman of Canaan O woman great is thy faith Math. 15.28 Aquinas aptly noteth Aqui. 11 â—ae qu. 112. art 4. that an habit is said to be great two wayes First in respect of the end and object as being ordained to sime greaet good secondly in respect of the subject which doth lesse or more participate of the inherent habit Now faith as all other gifts and graces comes downe from the Father of lights and is dispensed and distributed to us by his Sonne Ephes 4.7 for to every one is given grace according to the measure of the gift of Christ So God is said to deale to every ma the measure of faith Rom. 12.3 and in the fixt verse following He that prophecieth must prophecy according to the proportion of faith Aqui. in Rom. cap. 12. lect 1. Whereupon Aquinas commenteth Nonsolùm alias gratias gratis datas dat Deus mensuratè sed etiam ipsam sidem quae per dilectionem operatur God doth not onely giue by measura other graces freely given but also faith it selfe which worketh by loue Now although Almightie God doth giue unto every man in his first conversion a certaine measure of faith yet doth he not alwayes giue unto every man that full measure which he shall after attaine unto but he shall goe on from one degree to another and still receiue further increase and improvement of his faith untill that measure allotted him be accomplished Eor even as plants when they first bud and herbs in the garden when they first put forth are not adorned with that beautie stature and perfection which they shall after haue so neither are graces and vertues given of God to men at the first such so great and perfect as afterward they shall be Ambr. de voc gent. lib. 2. cap. 3. Semina charisonatum plantaeque virtutnus non in omni agrecordis humani totum hoc pariter quod futurae sunt nascuntur nec facilè reperitur in exordio maturitas in inchoatione perfectio Exerit quidem frequenter potens misericors Deus mir abiles istes suae operationis effectus quibusdam mentibus non expectatâ profectuum morâ totum simul quicquid collaturus est invehit The seeds of graces saith St. Ambrose and plants of vertues doe not in every field of mans heart spring up at the first all that which they shall after be neither is ripenes easily found in the beginning and perfection at the first God mightie and mercifull doth indeede oft-times shew forth these wonderfull effects of his operation and puts into some mindes at once all that he bestoweth of them not expecting any delay of proficiencie Thus some haue their proper measure of faith fully measured out unto them at the first but others are to labour and pray for proficiencie to receiue further increase and augmentation of their faith saying or rather praying with the blessed Apostles unto the Lord increase our faith Luk. 9.5 And with the Father of him that was possessed with the dumb spirit Lord I beleeue Mark 9. v. 24 helpe thou mine unbeliefe This man beleeved yet prayed he for decrease of unbeliefe the Apostles beleeved yet prayed they to the Lord for increase of Faith When as our gracious Saviour had spoken to his Apostles of his
crowne meete for your labour Perseverance immediately beginneth to attend on grace the mother of all vertues when it is first infused but is not compleate untill death untill the infusion of finall grace which perfectly extinguisheth all evill concupiscence and is the utter deletion or taking away of all sinne and sinfulnesse As the Crowne on the Kings head giveth an eminent splend our and luster to his royall robes and other 〈◊〉 ornaments so the grace of perseverance is the glorious complement crowne of all other vertues and is an infallible guide to leade us into the kingdome of glorie Therefore our Saviour saith not he that shall begin Math. 24.13 but he that shall endure unto the end shall be saved And to the Angell in the Church of Smyrna he saith Be thou faithfull unto death and I will giue thee a crowne of life Apoc. 2. â—0 We are now in our spirituall course and race we must so runne that we may obtaine wee are now in the combat we must so fight that we may over come Which that we may doe we are to implore and desire by fervent and incessant prayer that God would prevent and follow us with grace all the dayes of our life that so at the end of our dayes we may confidently and comfortably say with the chosen vessell of mercy I have fought a good fight 2 Tim. 4. v. 7 8. I haue finished my course I haue kept the faith Henceforth there is laid up for me a crowne of righteousnesse which the Lord the righteous Iudge shall giue me at that day and not unto me onely but unto them also which loue his appearing CHAP. XXXIII Of perfection in glorie SAint Paul the chosen vessell of mercy and trumpet of grace Rom. 8.30 uniteth and maketh up the golden chaine of our salvation with foure linkes First Predestination secondly Vocation thirdly Iustification fourthly Glorification Where hee expresseth not our sanctification as being included in our glorification according to the exposition of Aquinas Aquin. in cp ad Rom. cap. 8. saying Glorificamur in hac vita per prefectune virturis gratia in futura per exaltationem gloria We are glorified in this life by proficiency of vertue and grace in the life to come by exaltation of glory And indeed grace is glorie inchoate or begun glorie is grace consummate and perfected and our imperfect perfection by grace here is a previous preparing and disposing of us unto that absolute perfection which wee shall haue being cloathed and adorned with the stole of glorie For even in this life wee are freed in part from those foure evills which are maine impediments to our absolute perfection and this freedome is meerely from grace in Christ Iesus The first evill hindering our perfection is error in the understanding from which we are freed in part by the Spirit of grace leading of us into all truth and teaching us all things necessary unto salvation The second evill a let to perfection is sinne in the will from which wee are also partly freed by grace in Christ and that two wayes First Rom. 6.14 from the dominion of it For sinne shall not haue dominion over you because yee are not under the Law but under grace saith the Apostle secondly from the condemnation of sinne seeing Rom. 8.1 there is no condemnation to them which are in Christ Iesus which walke not after the flesh but after the Spirit The third evill hindrance of our perfection is misery and afflictions from which by faith and spirituall fortitude we are freed in part that they may not swallow us up that the flouds of great waters the over-flowings of feare and despaire may never prevaile against us never over whelme us In the world you shall haue tribulation but be of good cheare saith Christ I haue overcome the world The last evill letting our perfection is death And from this also we are freed in part by grace not onely from spirituall and eternall death but even from corporall in two respects First from the sting thereof 1 Iohn 1. v. 7. which is sinne 1 Cor. 15.56 for by the bloud of Christ wee are cleansed from all sinne Secondly in regard of dominion for death shall not tyrannize over us for ever for in the resurrection at the sound of the Trumpet 1 Cor. 15.52 wee shall be raised incorruptible and never die any more Whereas the bodies of the unjust shall rise but from corporall to eternall death wherein they shall be ever dying but never dead which moved holy Bernard to cry out Bern. de consid li. 5. ca. 12. Alas saith he quis det illis semel mori ut non moriantur in aternum who might grant them once to die that so they might not die for ever Thus are we freed in part by grace from these foure evill impediments of perfection But in the stare of glorie we shall be wholy and entirely exempted from the in for then shall we be free from all darknesse of error obliquitie of sinne from all of stictive misery and destroying death Yea we shall be free from them after a more excellent mother than Adam was in Paradise in the state of innocency For it pleased the omnipotent goodnesse and wisedome who bringeth light out of darknesse life out of death and good out of evill even by the fall of man to raise him up in Christ to a more eminent and high state of perfection It is true that Adam in his integritie had power not to erre not to sinne not to suffer misery not to die but it is also true that he had power to erre to sinne to suffer misery to die which by wofull experiment he brought into act by disobeying the command of his creator Ever since the poison and contagion of disobedience hath tainted and corrupted all the veines of his rebellious children and miserable posteritie Now in the state of glory in that heavenly Paradise we shall obtaine such a transcendent degree of perfection as that we shall haue no power in our understanding to erre in our will to sinne no power to suffer misery and devouring death In that ineffable glorie wee being perfectly changed into the image of the Lord the knowledge of all things shall be seene of us not by parts but wholly and at once as St. Prosper saith Prosp de vita contemplat li. 1. cap. 6. We shall see all things clearely without error by beholding him who is all truth Now wee see through a glasse darkly that incomprehensible light we behold him now through a three-fold glasse First of the creatures secondly of his workes of justice and mercie thirdly of the holy Scriptures But then we shall see him perfectly clearely face to face with unspeakeable joy and delight and herein confists our essentiall alsufficient blessednesse therefore Philip said unto Christ Lord shew us the Father and it sufficeth Iohn 14.8 Now we know God but imperfectly