that_o of_o all_o other_o though_o such_o case_n be_v indefinite_a can_v be_v certain_o or_o distinct_o know_v §_o 8._o but_o indeed_o the_o care_n of_o any_o particular_a person_n or_o a_o few_o man_n happiness_n be_v render_v useless_a for_o the_o present_a nor_o can_v be_v hope_v for_o the_o future_a if_o it_o be_v seek_v by_o oppose_v or_o postpone_v the_o happiness_n of_o all_o other_o rational_n because_o the_o mind_n be_v thus_o affect_v a_o main_a and_o essential_a part_n of_o its_o own_o felicity_n must_v needs_o still_o be_v want_v viz._n that_o inward_a peace_n of_o conscience_n proceed_v from_o a_o solid_a reason_n and_o true_a prudence_n always_o constant_a and_o agreeable_a to_o itself_o for_o whilst_o such_o a_o person_n resolve_v to_o act_v by_o one_o rule_n towards_o himself_o and_o by_o another_o towards_o all_o other_o who_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n and_o therefore_o need_v and_o require_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o himself_o he_o must_v needs_o contradict_v his_o own_o reason_n and_o so_o want_v that_o true_a joy_n and_o satisfaction_n constant_o spring_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o a_o just_a benevolent_a and_o good-natured_a person_n from_o the_o sense_n of_o another_o good_a and_o happiness_n when_o promote_v or_o procure_v by_o himself_o so_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o any_o man_n to_o be_v true_o happy_a who_o not_o only_o neglect_v the_o necessary_a cause_n thereof_o god_n and_o all_o other_o man_n on_o who_o help_n and_o assistance_n his_o true_a happiness_n and_o wellbeing_a whole_o depend_v but_o also_o provoke_v they_o to_o his_o certain_a ruin_n and_o destruction_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o sure_a way_n which_o can_v bring_v any_o man_n to_o the_o attain_v his_o own_o particular_a happiness_n but_o that_o which_o lead_v he_o also_o to_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o other_o man_n as_o well_o as_o his_o own_o §_o 9_o but_o i_o here_o acknowledge_v that_o this_o proposition_n concern_v universal_a benevolence_n can_v be_v of_o sufficient_a efficacy_n for_o the_o due_a order_v our_o action_n and_o correct_v our_o manner_n until_o we_o have_v first_o propose_v to_o ourselves_o this_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n viz._n our_o own_o felicity_n in_o conjunction_n with_o that_o of_o other_o as_o our_o main_a end_n and_o that_o we_o be_v convince_v that_o the_o various_a act_n contain_v under_o this_o general_a love_n or_o benevolence_n be_v the_o only_a true_a mean_n to_o procure_v it_o the_o truth_n of_o which_o proposition_n be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o be_v make_v manifest_a to_o we_o in_o the_o next_o all_o those_o other_o proposition_n that_o can_v be_v deduce_v from_o thence_o such_o as_o be_v those_o less_o general_a one_o which_o determine_v concern_v the_o natural_a power_n of_o fidelity_n gratitude_n paternal_a and_o filial_a affection_n as_o also_o of_o all_o other_o particular_a virtue_n necessary_a for_o the_o obtain_v any_o part_n of_o this_o humane_a felicity_n for_o as_o well_o the_o whole_a truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n as_o of_o all_o those_o which_o follow_v from_o thence_o depend_v upon_o the_o natural_a and_o necessary_a power_n of_o such_o action_n as_o real_a cause_n produce_v such_o effect_n §_o 10._o and_o though_o perhaps_o it_o may_v at_o first_o sight_n seem_v to_o detract_v from_o their_o certainty_n that_o they_o depend_v upon_o such_o a_o uncertain_a cause_n as_o man_n will._n yet_o however_o it_o suffice_v for_o their_o truth_n and_o certainty_n that_o whenever_o such_o voluntary_a cause_n shall_v exert_v themselves_o such_o effect_n will_v certain_o be_v produce_v thus_o in_o arithmetic_n we_o free_o add_v and_o subtract_v that_o be_v we_o can_v choose_v whether_o we_o will_v perform_v those_o operation_n or_o not_o but_o if_o we_o reckon_v true_o we_o shall_v always_o find_v the_o total_a equal_a to_o all_o the_o particular_n either_o add_v or_o subtract_v and_o there_o be_v a_o like_a certain_a and_o true_a connexion_n between_o all_o the_o cause_n and_o effect_n which_o can_v be_v know_v in_o any_o other_o science_n and_o this_o i_o have_v likewise_o imitate_v in_o this_o treatise_n of_o moral_a philosophy_n by_o reduce_v all_o the_o part_n of_o which_o it_o consist_v to_o this_o one_o head_n or_o sum_n viz._n love_n or_o benevolence_n which_o idea_n i_o shall_v improve_v by_o inquire_v into_o its_o several_a kind_n and_o show_v the_o necessary_a connexion_n of_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a action_n with_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o great_a end_n seek_v for_o by_o we_o §_o 11._o but_o since_o our_o voluntary_a action_n alone_o can_v be_v govern_v by_o reason_n and_o those_o only_o which_o concern_v intelligent_a agent_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v in_o moral_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o from_o none_o of_o all_o these_o action_n we_o can_v frame_v a_o high_a or_o more_o comprehensive_a idea_n than_o this_o of_o universal_a benevolence_n which_o comprehend_v the_o willing_a and_o endeavour_v of_o all_o good_a thing_n and_o the_o removal_n or_o hinder_v of_o all_o evil_a one_o from_o those_o object_n about_o which_o it_o be_v conversant_a and_o this_o benevolence_n extend_v its_o self_n to_o all_o moral_a action_n as_o well_o those_o of_o consider_v and_o compare_v divers_a good_n with_o each_o other_o as_o of_o inquire_v into_o the_o mean_n by_o which_o they_o may_v be_v produce_v nor_o be_v it_o more_o certain_o true_a that_o the_o addition_n of_o several_a number_n make_v a_o sum_n total_a than_o that_o this_o benevolence_n produce_v a_o general_a good_a effect_n to_o all_o those_o towards_o who_o we_o exert_v it_o thus_o it_o be_v as_o certain_a that_o piety_n fidelity_n gratitude_n paternal_a and_o conjugal_a affection_n together_o with_o filial_a duty_n make_v up_o the_o chief_a and_o constituent_a part_n of_o this_o benevolence_n as_o that_o addition_n substraction_n multiplication_n and_o division_n be_v several_a part_n of_o arithmetic_n so_o that_o it_o be_v no_o material_a objection_n that_o this_o universal_a benevolence_n may_v be_v prejudice_v or_o lessen_v by_o the_o wickedness_n or_o ill-nature_n of_o men._n so_o that_o the_o great_a end_n or_o sum_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n can_v be_v thereby_o general_o obtain_v as_o it_o ought_v any_o more_o than_o it_o be_v a_o objection_n against_o the_o certainty_n or_o usefulness_n of_o arithmetic_n or_o geometry_n that_o some_o man_n shall_v through_o lazyness_n and_o inadvertency_n altogether_o neglect_v their_o rule_n or_o make_v false_a conclusion_n from_o those_o science_n or_o shall_v through_o ignorance_n or_o prejudice_n deny_v their_o certainty_n so_o likewise_o it_o be_v in_o the_o science_n of_o morality_n as_o contain_v in_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v chief_o employ_v in_o weigh_v and_o take_v a_o true_a account_n of_o those_o humane_a power_n that_o contribute_v to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n which_o since_o they_o may_v vary_v somewhat_o in_o so_o great_a a_o variety_n of_o possible_a case_n he_o may_v be_v say_v and_o that_o deserve_o to_o have_v well_o perform_v this_o task_n who_o first_o affirm_v in_o general_n that_o all_o those_o power_n be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o most_o general_a and_o diffusive_a benevolence_n though_o he_o may_v be_v able_a afterward_o more_o particular_o to_o demonstrate_v that_o a_o just_a division_n of_o thing_n fidelity_n gratitude_n and_o all_o the_o other_o virtue_n be_v contain_v under_o it_o and_o also_o show_v in_o what_o case_n they_o become_v useful_a to_o this_o end_n by_o which_o mean_v religion_n and_o humane_a society_n with_o all_o other_o thing_n which_o may_v render_v man_n life_n happy_a and_o safe_a will_v be_v certain_o improve_v and_o advance_v and_o herein_o consist_v the_o solution_n of_o that_o most_o useful_a problem_n concern_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n procure_v by_o the_o most_o diffusive_a benevolence_n which_o moral_a philosophy_n teach_v we_o to_o search_v after_o nor_o be_v the_o truth_n or_o authority_n of_o such_o precept_n at_o all_o prejudice_v or_o diminish_v though_o very_o many_o person_n will_v not_o obey_v they_o or_o will_v set_v themselves_o to_o oppose_v they_o since_o this_o only_a can_v be_v the_o consequence_n of_o it_o that_o they_o will_v thereby_o lose_v their_o own_o happiness_n and_o perhaps_o may_v draw_v other_o by_o their_o false_a reason_n into_o the_o same_o misery_n and_o so_o i_o doubt_v not_o on_o the_o other_o side_n but_o that_o man_n will_v think_v themselves_o oblige_v to_o perform_v all_o the_o act_n that_o constitute_v this_o benevolence_n if_o they_o be_v but_o once_o convince_v that_o so_o great_a and_o noble_a a_o end_n as_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n and_o in_o which_o their_o own_o happiness_n be_v likewise_o contain_v will_v be_v certain_o procure_v thereby_o and_o can_v be_v have_v by_o any_o other_o or_o contrary_a mean_n
show_v we_o that_o not_o the_o private_a felicity_n of_o any_o single_a man_n be_v the_o principal_a end_n of_o god_n the_o legislator_n or_o aught_o to_o be_v so_o of_o any_o one_o who_o will_v true_o obey_v his_o will_n and_o by_o a_o parity_n of_o reason_n it_o also_o appear_v that_o those_o humane_a action_n which_o from_o their_o own_o natural_a force_n and_o efficacy_n be_v apt_a to_o promote_v the_o common_a good_a be_v certain_o better_a than_o those_o which_o do_v only_o serve_v the_o private_a good_a of_o any_o one_o man_n and_o that_o by_o the_o same_o proportion_n as_o a_o common_a good_a be_v great_a than_o a_o private_a so_o likewise_o those_o action_n which_o take_v the_o near_a way_n to_o attain_v this_o effect_n as_o a_o end_n be_v call_v right_o because_o of_o their_o natural_a similitude_n with_o a_o right_n or_o straight_o line_n which_o be_v always_o the_o short_a between_o the_o two_o term_n but_o the_o same_o action_n when_o compare_v with_o a_o natural_a or_o positive_a law_n as_o a_o rule_n of_o life_n or_o manner_n and_o be_v find_v conformable_a to_o it_o be_v call_v moral_o good_a and_o also_o right_a that_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o rule_n but_o the_o rule_n itself_o be_v call_v right_o or_o straight_o as_o it_o show_v the_o near_a way_n to_o the_o end_n but_o i_o shall_v refer_v you_o for_o the_o clear_a explication_n of_o these_o thing_n to_o what_o we_o have_v far_o say_v concern_v they_o in_o the_o discourse_n its_o self_n especial_o in_o the_o second_o part_n wherein_o we_o prove_v against_o mr._n h_n principle_n that_o there_o be_v a_o true_a natural_a and_o moral_a good_a antecedent_n to_o civil_a law_n but_o however_o it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o give_v you_o in_o short_a the_o method_n which_o we_o take_v to_o prove_v that_o this_o law_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a be_v real_o and_o indeed_o and_o not_o metaphorical_o ah_o law_n 1._o this_o general_a supposition_n be_v premise_v that_o all_o particular_a person_n who_o can_v either_o promote_v or_o oppose_v this_o common_a good_a be_v part_n of_o that_o whole_a body_n of_o mankind_n which_o be_v either_o preserve_v or_o prejudice_v by_o their_o endeavour_n we_o shall_v not_o now_o descend_v to_o the_o particular_a proof_n as_o they_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o cause_n of_o such_o action_n of_o which_o we_o have_v partly_o treat_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o humane_a nature_n and_o partly_o from_o their_o natural_a effect_n and_o consequence_n of_o which_o we_o have_v large_o discourse_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o obligation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o also_o in_o the_o second_o part_n in_o our_o observation_n on_o mr._n h_n principle_n all_o which_o may_v nevertheless_o be_v reduce_v to_o these_o plain_a proposition_n 1._o as_o i_o have_v observe_v it_o be_v manifest_a that_o our_o felicity_n or_o high_a reward_n be_v essential_o connect_v by_o god_n the_o legislator_n with_o the_o most_o full_a and_o constant_a exercise_n of_o our_o natural_a power_n employ_v about_o the_o noble_a object_n and_o great_a effect_n they_o can_v be_v capable_a of_o as_o proportion_v to_o they_o from_o whence_o it_o may_v be_v gather_v that_o all_o man_n endue_v with_o these_o faculty_n be_v natural_o oblige_v under_o the_o penalty_n of_o lose_v or_o miss_v of_o this_o their_o happiness_n to_o exercise_v those_o power_n about_o the_o worthy_a object_n viz._n god_n and_o mankind_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v long_o doubt_v whether_o our_o faculty_n may_v be_v more_o happy_o exercise_v in_o maintain_v friendship_n or_o enmity_n with_o they_o for_o i_o think_v it_o be_v certain_a there_o can_v be_v no_o neutral_a state_n in_o which_o god_n and_o man_n can_v neither_o be_v belove_v nor_o hate_v or_o in_o which_o we_o can_v stand_v so_o far_o neuter_n as_o neither_o to_o do_v thing_n grateful_a nor_o ungrateful_a to_o they_o but_o if_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o there_o be_v a_o manifest_a necessity_n if_o we_o will_v be_v true_o happy_a of_o preserve_v amity_n both_o with_o god_n and_o man_n here_o be_v thereby_o present_o declare_v the_o sanction_n of_o this_o general_a law_n of_o nature_n which_o we_o be_v now_o inquire_v into_o for_o this_o alone_a establish_v all_o natural_a religion_n and_o also_o all_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n which_o be_v beside_o piety_n towards_o god_n 1._o a_o peaceable_a commerce_n and_o agreement_n of_o divers_a nation_n which_o be_v treat_v of_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v but_o a_o branch_n or_o subordinate_a member_n of_o this_o great_a law_n of_o nature_n 2._o the_o constitution_n and_o conservation_n of_o a_o civil_a society_n or_o commonwealth_n which_o be_v the_o scope_n of_o all_o civil_a law_n and_o 3._o the_o continuance_n of_o domestic_a relation_n and_o private_a friendship_n concern_v which_o the_o general_a rule_n of_o ethic_n as_o also_o the_o more_o particular_a one_o of_o oeconomy_n do_v prescribe_v and_o therefore_o we_o have_v put_v together_o many_o thing_n in_o the_o chapter_n of_o humane_a nature_n by_o which_o all_o particular_a person_n of_o sound_a mind_n be_v some_o way_n render_v capable_a of_o so_o large_a a_o society_n and_o be_v either_o more_o near_o or_o remote_o dispose_v to_o it_o and_o we_o do_v here_o entreat_v the_o reader_n that_o he_o will_v not_o consider_v those_o thing_n each_o of_o they_o single_o or_o apart_o but_o all_o together_o since_o from_o all_o of_o they_o conjoin_v he_o may_v raise_v a_o sufficient_a argument_n to_o prove_v the_o existence_n and_o evince_v the_o sanction_n of_o this_o most_o general_a law_n of_o nature_n and_o that_o man_n will_v necessary_o fail_v of_o their_o happiness_n which_o chief_o consist_v in_o the_o adequate_a or_o proper_a exercise_n of_o their_o rational_a faculty_n unless_o they_o will_v exercise_v they_o in_o cultivate_v this_o amity_n or_o love_n both_o with_o god_n and_o man_n to_o which_o end_v they_o be_v before_o all_o other_o animal_n particular_o adapt_v but_o from_o the_o effect_n of_o such_o action_n conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n we_o have_v also_o further_o show_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o obligation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o this_o sanction_n by_o sufficient_a reward_n and_o punishment_n be_v most_o common_o connect_v with_o such_o action_n and_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o in_o the_o first_o place_n god_n as_o the_o best_a and_o wise_a of_o rational_a being_n be_v to_o be_v love_v and_o honour_v by_o such_o action_n or_o endeavour_n as_o that_o the_o good_n and_o fortune_n of_o all_o innocent_a person_n of_o what_o nation_n soever_o be_v thereby_o secure_v as_o far_o as_o lie_v in_o our_o power_n and_o all_o thing_n profitable_a for_o particular_a person_n procure_v according_a to_o the_o proportion_n they_o bear_v to_o the_o good_a of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o mankind_n so_o that_o this_o law_n will_v not_o permit_v any_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v which_o the_o care_n of_o the_o whole_a do_v not_o allow_v nor_o can_v any_o thing_n be_v suppose_v more_o worthy_a a_o rational_a creature_n and_o from_o whence_o great_a effect_n can_v proceed_v than_o a_o will_v always_o propeuse_n towards_o the_o good_a of_o this_o whole_a body_n govern_v by_o the_o conduct_n of_o a_o right_a understanding_n therefore_o since_o it_o can_v certain_o be_v foreknow_v that_o such_o effect_n will_v follow_v from_o this_o endeavour_n no_o man_n can_v be_v ignorant_a that_o all_o the_o joy_n and_o present_a comfort_n of_o true_a piety_n be_v therein_o contain_v together_o with_o the_o hope_n of_o a_o bless_a immortality_n beside_o those_o many_o conveniency_n of_o peace_n and_o commerce_n with_o those_o of_o other_o nation_n and_o all_o those_o emolument_n both_o of_o civil_a and_o domestic_a government_n and_o private_a friendship_n which_o be_v connect_v with_o this_o endeavour_n as_o the_o common_a reward_n thereof_o and_o which_o can_v by_o any_o mean_n within_o our_o power_n be_v otherwise_o obtain_v so_o that_o he_o who_o neglect_v the_o care_n of_o the_o common_a good_a do_v also_o reject_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o his_o own_o felicity_n and_o embrace_v those_o of_o his_o misery_n as_o a_o punishment_n due_a to_o his_o folly_n in_o short_a since_o it_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n that_o the_o high_a happiness_n which_o we_o can_v procure_v for_o our_o self_n proceed_v from_o our_o care_n both_o of_o piety_n to_o god_n and_o love_n and_o peace_n with_o men._n and_o that_o the_o endeavour_n of_o these_o can_v only_o be_v find_v in_o his_o soul_n who_o true_o study_v the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o rational_a being_n it_o be_v also_o evident_a that_o the_o great_a reward_n that_o any_o one_o can_v acquire_v be_v necessary_o connect_v with_o this_o endeavour_n
knowledge_n of_o the_o reason_n and_o ground_n of_o all_o the_o particular_a law_n of_o nature_n §_o 2._o and_o also_o that_o all_o moral_a virtue_n be_v contain_v under_o this_o one_o law_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a that_o prudence_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o knowledge_n of_o our_o duty_n in_o order_n to_o the_o graet_fw-la end_n the_o common_a good_a as_o constancy_n in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o it_o be_v therefore_o true_a fortitude_n §_o 3._o that_o temperance_n or_o moderation_n in_o all_o corporeal_a pleasure_n be_v no_o otherwise_o a_o virtue_n than_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o the_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n that_o under_o love_n and_o benevolence_n be_v contain_v the_o virtue_n of_o innocence_n meekness_n etc._n etc._n §_o 4_o 5._o equity_n a_o virtue_n as_o it_o promote_v the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n §_o 6._o the_o same_o prove_v likewise_o of_o justice_n since_o nothing_o can_v be_v call_v we_o either_o by_o natural_a or_o civil_a law_n but_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o this_o great_a end_n and_o a_o natural_a and_o civil_a property_n necessary_a thereunto_o the_o one_o in_o a_o natural_a state_n the_o other_o in_o a_o civil_a society_n §_o 7._o from_o property_n arise_v the_o necessity_n of_o contract_n promise_n gift_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v govern_v by_o this_o great_a law_n §_o 8._o from_o this_o natural_a property_n arise_v the_o virtue_n of_o moderation_n set_v bound_n to_o inordinate_a self-love_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a frugality_n no_o otherwise_o a_o virtue_n than_o as_o it_o render_v we_o not_o burdensome_a not_o injurious_a to_o other_o §_o 9_o the_o natural_a love_n of_o parent_n to_o their_o child_n to_o be_v exercise_v and_o limit_v with_o respect_n to_o the_o common_a good_a §_o 10._o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o moral_a virtue_n such_o as_o temperance_n frugality_n etc._n etc._n more_o particular_o explain_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o same_o original_n and_o not_o to_o be_v understand_v without_o it_o §_o 11._o the_o same_o more_o particular_o apply_v and_o make_v out_o in_o every_o particular_a virtue_n which_o constitute_v justice_n §_o 12._o all_o the_o homolitical_a virtue_n i._n e._n such_o as_o respect_v conversation_n or_o the_o due_a use_n of_o speech_n explain_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n with_o a_o like_a respect_n to_o the_o common_a good_a §_o 13_o 14_o 15._o self-love_n and_o self-preservation_n only_o lawful_a in_o order_n to_o this_o end_n §_o 16._o some_o far_a explanation_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o temperance_n and_o wherein_o it_o consist_v §_o 17._o that_o part_n of_o it_o call_v chastity_n a_o virtue_n only_o as_o it_o tend_v to_o the_o good_a and_o propagation_n of_o mankind_n §_o 18._o another_o part_n of_o it_o viz._n modesty_n in_o seek_v of_o riches_n honour_n etc._n etc._n virtue_n only_a as_o they_o limit_v our_o self-love_n from_o pretend_v to_o more_o than_o we_o have_v need_n of_o or_o deserve_v in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a §_o 19_o that_o a_o regard_n to_o this_o great_a rule_n run_v through_o all_o the_o moral_a virtue_n which_o be_v all_o of_o they_o contain_v under_o the_o most_o diffusive_a benevolence_n towards_o rational_a being_n §_o 20._o right_o reason_n explain_v to_o be_v only_o a_o due_a consideration_n of_o this_o end_n in_o all_o moral_a action_n towards_o god_n or_o man_n and_o that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o moral_a rule_n be_v as_o certain_a as_o that_o of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o any_o other_o natural_a cause_n and_o effect_n concern_v the_o preservation_n of_o animal_n §_o 21._o and_o that_o from_o their_o true_a understanding_n proceed_v all_o the_o certainty_n we_o can_v have_v of_o natural_a law_n notwithstanding_o there_o may_v be_v a_o sufficient_a latitude_n leave_v we_o for_o indifferent_a action_n §_o 22._o the_o common_a good_a as_o it_o be_v a_o collection_n of_o all_o other_o good_n so_o it_o be_v a_o true_a standard_n or_o measure_n of_o they_o as_o show_v what_o good_n be_v to_o be_v seek_v for_o or_o desire_v before_o other_o §_o 23._o it_o be_v only_o to_o be_v learn_v from_o hence_o what_o degree_n of_o passion_n or_o affection_n be_v lawful_a that_o be_v consistent_a with_o the_o common_a good_a and_o consequent_o thereby_o to_o judge_v of_o the_o several_a degree_n and_o proportion_n of_o goodness_n and_o happiness_n §_o 24._o piety_n towards_o god_n a_o virtue_n as_o it_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o rational_a being_n §_o 25._o nothing_o a_o good_a but_o as_o it_o contribute_v to_o this_o great_a end_n §_o 26._o the_o reason_n of_o this_o disquisition_n into_o the_o true_a ground_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a as_o be_v that_o which_o make_v all_o moral_a philosophy_n a_o practical_a science_n and_o not_o mere_o speculative_a like_o that_o of_o the_o stoic_n §_o 27._o a_o brief_a conclusion_n out_o of_o dr._n parker_n demonstration_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n §_o 28._o the_o content_n of_o the_o five_o chapter_n the_o objection_n of_o two_o sort_n of_o man_n platonist_n and_o epicurean_o against_o this_o notion_n of_o the_o common_a good_a the_o objection_n of_o the_o former_a to_o be_v first_o consider_v their_o first_o objection_n that_o it_o be_v more_o suitable_a to_o god_n goodness_n to_o imprint_v certain_a innate_a idea_n of_o good_a and_o evil_n on_o our_o mind_n §_o 1._o answer_v thereunto_o out_o of_o mr._n lock_n be_v essay_n etc._n etc._n §_o 2._o a_o far_a answer_n from_o st._n paul_n that_o the_o visible_a thing_n of_o the_o creation_n be_v a_o sufficient_a proof_n of_o the_o be_v of_o a_o god_n and_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n §_o 3._o the_o laboriousness_n of_o our_o method_n no_o material_a objection_n §_o 4._o a_o explicit_a idea_n of_o this_o common_a good_a not_o always_o necessary_a to_o its_o observation_n §_o 5._o another_o objection_n against_o our_o method_n that_o it_o make_v every_o man_n obligation_n to_o endeavour_v this_o common_a good_a to_o arise_v from_o its_o be_v chief_o good_a to_o himself_o answer_v that_o this_o if_o it_o be_v consider_v will_v prove_v a_o mistake_n though_o i_o grant_v our_o obligation_n to_o it_o as_o a_o law_n can_v extend_v far_o than_o as_o it_o concern_v our_o happiness_n or_o misery_n §_o 6_o 7._o a_o reply_n to_o the_o objection_n of_o the_o epicurean_o the_o first_o objection_n that_o it_o seem_v not_o suitable_a to_o god_n goodness_n etc._n etc._n to_o permit_v this_o great_a end_n of_o the_o common_a good_a to_o depend_v upon_o the_o unreasonable_a passion_n and_o lust_n of_o mankind_n answ._n that_o god_n intend_v man_n for_o a_o voluntary_a creature_n to_o be_v move_v by_o moral_a evil_n as_o well_o as_o good_a and_o that_o god_n notwithstanding_o all_o this_o restrain_v his_o action_n by_o his_o infinite_a power_n and_o providence_n §_o 8_o 9_o second_o objection_n if_o this_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v so_o easy_a to_o be_v know_v how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o so_o many_o nation_n seem_v whole_o ignorant_a of_o it_o many_o live_n without_o any_o knowledge_n of_o a_o god_n or_o of_o a_o moral_a good_a or_o evil_a §_o 10._o answer_n this_o objection_n be_v of_o no_o more_o weight_n against_o the_o certainty_n of_o this_o law_n than_o it_o be_v against_o that_o of_o arithmetic_n and_o geometry_n but_o that_o if_o they_o be_v guilty_a of_o this_o ignorance_n it_o proceed_v either_o from_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o tradition_n of_o the_o creation_n or_o else_o from_o want_n of_o time_n or_o opportunity_n to_o consider_v these_o thing_n §_o 11._o man_n not_o make_v a_o due_a use_n of_o their_o faculty_n in_o discover_v these_o truth_n no_o objection_n against_o their_o certainty_n §_o 12._o the_o last_o objection_n that_o this_o notion_n of_o the_o common_a good_a be_v a_o mere_a platonic_a idea_n without_o any_o reality_n in_o nature_n §_o 13._o this_o objection_n in_o vain_a if_o it_o be_v consider_v that_o this_o notion_n of_o the_o common_a good_a be_v make_v up_o of_o particular_n and_o that_o from_o thence_o arise_v a_o idea_n of_o a_o common_a or_o general_a good_a which_o though_o a_o complex_fw-la one_o be_v as_o true_a and_o real_a as_o any_o other_o and_o as_o agreeable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n far_o prove_v from_o lock_n be_v essay_n and_o that_o mr._n h._n himself_n can_v deny_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o notion_n §_o 14._o mr._n h_n great_a rule_n of_o do_v as_o you_o will_v be_v do_v by_o signify_v nothing_o without_o respect_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n §_o 15._o so_o neither_o that_o of_o preserve_v a_o man_n self_n or_o any_o other_o innocent_a person_n unless_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n §_o 16._o not_o only_o the_o whole_a law_n of_o nature_n but_o the_o reveal_v law_n of_o moses_n and_o
to_o wit_n the_o knowledge_n of_o its_o term_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n 2._o it_o be_v form_n viz._n the_o connexion_n of_o those_o term_n contain_v in_o this_o practical_a proposition_n and_o particular_o such_o which_o because_o of_o the_o reward_n and_o punishment_n annex_v to_o they_o may_v make_v it_o deserve_v to_o be_v call_v a_o divine_a natural_a law_n as_o proceed_v from_o god_n the_o author_n of_o nature_n or_o 3._o the_o deduction_n of_o all_o other_o natural_a law_n from_o this_o as_o their_o foundation_n and_o original_a from_o that_o respect_n or_o proportion_n they_o bear_v to_o the_o common_a good_a or_o happy_a state_n of_o the_o whole_a aggregate_v body_n of_o rational_a being_n but_o as_o to_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o term_n of_o this_o proposition_n i_o hope_v the_o reader_n will_v not_o be_v scandalize_v that_o we_o attribute_v reason_n to_o god_n and_o have_v reckon_v he_o as_o the_o head_n of_o rational_a being_n since_o we_o do_v not_o thereby_o mean_a that_o sort_v of_o reason_n which_o consist_v in_o deduce_a conclusion_n from_o prior_n proposition_n but_o rather_o that_o absolute_a omniscience_n and_o perfect_a wisdom_n which_o we_o understand_v to_o be_v in_o god_n which_o cicero_n himself_o can_v not_o better_o describe_v than_o by_o the_o name_n of_o adulta_fw-la ratio_fw-la or_o the_o most_o perfect_a reason_n and_o if_o we_o mortal_n can_v know_v or_o apprehend_v any_o aright_o thing_n of_o he_o it_o be_v as_o we_o do_v partake_v of_o some_o part_n though_o in_o a_o infinite_o low_a degree_n of_o that_o only_a true_a knowledge_n and_o understanding_n so_o that_o if_o we_o can_v once_o right_o judge_v that_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n be_v the_o great_a of_o all_o other_o it_o be_v no_o doubt_n true_a and_o no_o otherwise_o true_a than_o as_o it_o be_v so_o apprehend_v by_o the_o divine_a intellect_n as_o when_o it_o be_v demonstrate_v to_o we_o that_o the_o three_o angle_n of_o a_o triangle_n be_v equal_a to_o two_o right_a one_o no_o doubt_n but_o the_o deity_n itself_o have_v before_o the_o same_o idea_n of_o it_o so_o likewise_o if_o we_o have_v affirm_v that_o we_o can_v contribute_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o rational_a being_n by_o our_o benevolence_n towards_o they_o and_o so_o may_v seem_v to_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a good_a common_a to_o we_o and_o the_o deity_n and_o which_o we_o may_v some_o way_n serve_v to_o promote_v we_o desire_v to_o be_v understand_v not_o as_o if_o we_o imagine_v that_o by_o our_o testify_v our_o love_n and_o honour_n towards_o god_n in_o any_o internal_a or_o external_a act_n of_o worship_n we_o can_v add_v or_o contribute_v any_o thing_n to_o his_o infinite_a happiness_n and_o perfection_n but_o only_o as_o judge_v it_o more_o grateful_a and_o agreeable_a to_o his_o nature_n if_o by_o our_o deed_n we_o express_v our_o gratitude_n and_o obedience_n to_o he_o by_o imitate_v he_o in_o our_o care_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n than_o if_o we_o deny_v his_o be_v or_o blaspheme_v his_o attribute_n and_o violate_v or_o contemn_v his_o law_n so_o likewise_o if_o in_o our_o thought_n word_n and_o action_n we_o express_v our_o worship_n and_o love_n towards_o he_o we_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o be_v more_o please_a and_o agreeable_a to_o his_o divine_a nature_n than_o if_o by_o the_o contrary_a action_n we_o shall_v signify_v our_o neglect_n or_o hatred_n of_o he_o for_o if_o we_o abstractive_o compare_v any_o two_o rational_a nature_n together_o we_o must_v acknowledge_v a_o great_a similitude_n when_o one_o of_o they_o agree_v and_o co-operate_v with_o the_o other_o than_o if_o we_o shall_v suppose_v a_o disagreement_n or_o discord_n between_o they_o or_o that_o the_o end_n or_o design_n intend_v by_o the_o one_o shall_v be_v cross_v or_o oppose_v by_o the_o other_o neither_o do_v i_o see_v what_o can_v hinder_v but_o that_o the_o same_o may_v be_v affirm_v if_o one_o of_o these_o rational_a nature_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v god_n and_o the_o other_o only_o man._n therefore_o as_o it_o be_v know_v by_o our_o common_a sense_n that_o it_o be_v more_o grateful_a to_o any_o man_n to_o be_v belove_v and_o honour_v than_o to_o be_v hate_v and_o contemn_v so_o it_o may_v be_v find_v by_o a_o manifest_a analogy_n of_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v more_o grateful_a to_o god_n the_o head_n of_o rational_a being_n to_o be_v belove_v and_o honour_v by_o the_o service_n and_o worship_n of_o we_o man_n than_o to_o be_v hate_v and_o contemn_v for_o as_o the_o desire_n of_o be_v belove_v argue_v no_o imperfection_n in_o we_o so_o likewise_o in_o god_n it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o give_v the_o least_o suspicion_n thereof_o that_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o rather_o argue_v his_o goodness_n since_o our_o nature_n be_v perfect_v to_o the_o high_a degree_n they_o be_v capable_a of_o by_o our_o love_n to_o he_o and_o obedience_n to_o his_o command_n so_o that_o when_o we_o speak_v of_o any_o good_a common_a to_o we_o with_o the_o divine_a nature_n it_o be_v only_o to_o be_v understand_v analogical_o for_o those_o thing_n which_o we_o perceive_v to_o conserve_v or_o perfect_a our_o own_o nature_n we_o call_v grateful_a to_o we_o that_o be_v as_o they_o render_v the_o mind_n please_v and_o full_a of_o joy_n pleasure_n and_o satisfaction_n and_o though_o we_o confess_v we_o can_v contribute_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o infinite_a perfection_n of_o the_o deity_n yet_o since_o this_o joy_n or_o complacency_n proceed_v from_o our_o love_n and_o service_n towards_o he_o may_v be_v conceive_v without_o any_o imperfection_n they_o i_o think_v may_v be_v safe_o attribute_v to_o his_o divine_a nature_n and_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o sort_n of_o good_a endeavour_v by_o we_o for_o he_o since_o god_n esteem_v our_o love_n and_o service_n as_o the_o only_a tribute_n we_o can_v pay_v he_o and_o therefore_o he_o have_v inseparable_o annex_v the_o high_a reward_n to_o this_o love_n of_o himself_o as_o shall_v be_v prove_v in_o this_o follow_a discourse_n which_o certain_o he_o will_v never_o have_v do_v unless_o it_o have_v be_v his_o will_n that_o we_o shall_v thus_o love_v and_o worship_v he_o so_o that_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o divine_a good_a or_o happiness_n be_v not_o at_o all_o advance_v by_o our_o worship_n of_o he_o yet_o will_v not_o this_o at_o all_o derogate_a from_o our_o definition_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n which_o may_v be_v make_v out_o by_o these_o follow_a consideration_n 1._o that_o all_o rational_a being_n or_o agent_n be_v and_o must_v be_v consider_v together_o as_o natural_o and_o necessary_o constitute_v one_o intellectual_a system_n or_o society_n because_o they_o agree_v together_o to_o prosecute_v one_o chief_a end_n viz._n the_o good_a of_o the_o universe_n or_o world_n especial_o of_o that_o intellectual_a system_n by_o the_o fit_a mean_n applicable_a to_o that_o end_v since_o whilst_o they_o be_v true_o rational_a they_o can_v differ_v in_o judge_v what_o be_v that_o best_a end_n nor_o avoid_v choose_v the_o same_o necessary_a mean_n lead_v thereunto_o 2._o that_o although_o god_n the_o head_n of_o this_o intellectual_a system_n be_v indeed_o uncapable_a of_o any_o addition_n to_o his_o infinite_a happiness_n and_o perfection_n yet_o the_o whole_a system_n in_o as_o much_o as_o it_o include_v all_o finite_a rational_a being_n be_v capable_a of_o improvement_n in_o these_o its_o finite_a part_n which_o improvement_n god_n can_v only_o desire_v but_o ever_o do_v and_o will_v promote_v both_o by_o his_o own_o power_n as_o also_o by_o that_o of_o all_o subordinate_a voluntary_a agent_n whereby_o god_n essential_a goodness_n become_v manifest_a to_o we_o and_o the_o good_a of_o the_o whole_a system_n may_v reasonable_o be_v judge_v as_o grateful_a or_o please_v to_o god_n the_o head_n thereof_o although_o it_o can_v add_v nothing_o to_o himself_o thus_o in_o embryo_n all_o the_o other_o member_n daily_o grow_v and_o improve_v after_o the_o head_n or_o brain_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v attain_v its_o full_a bigness_n these_o voluntary_a or_o free_a action_n of_o the_o subordinate_a agent_n when_o they_o concur_v with_o god_n wisdom_n and_o goodness_n be_v natural_o and_o evident_o know_v to_o be_v more_o please_a as_o be_v reward_v by_o he_o than_o malevolent_a action_n opposite_a to_o this_o chief_a end_n which_o fight_v both_o against_o god_n and_o man_n nor_o do_v the_o consideration_n of_o god_n reward_v such_o good_a action_n imply_v any_o addition_n to_o his_o divine_a perfection_n so_o that_o our_o benevolence_n towards_o god_n and_o consequent_o our_o worship_n of_o he_o be_v but_o our_o free_a acknowledgement_n that_o he_o natural_o and_o essential_o be_v what_o he_o ever_o be_v and_o will_v
not_o but_o you_o will_v find_v in_o the_o body_n of_o this_o discourse_n that_o it_o have_v all_o thing_n necessary_a to_o render_v it_o so_o viz._n god_n consider_v as_o a_o legislator_n and_o his_o will_n or_o command_v sufficient_o declare_v to_o we_o as_o a_o law_n from_o the_o very_a constitution_n of_o our_o nature_n as_o also_o of_o other_o thing_n without_o we_o and_o likewise_o establish_v by_o sufficient_a reward_n and_o punishment_n both_o in_o this_o life_n and_o the_o next_o neither_o do_v we_o suppose_v it_o can_v be_v more_o evident_o prove_v that_o god_n be_v the_o author_n of_o all_o thing_n than_o that_o he_o be_v also_o the_o author_n of_o this_o proposition_n concern_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n or_o concern_v his_o own_o honour_n and_o worship_n conjoin_v with_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n and_o though_o i_o confess_v we_o have_v be_v more_o exact_a and_o have_v dwell_v long_o upon_o the_o reward_n that_o we_o may_v expect_v from_o the_o observation_n of_o this_o law_n than_o upon_o the_o punishment_n which_o be_v appoint_v for_o the_o breach_n of_o it_o and_o though_o i_o know_v the_o civilian_n have_v rather_o place_v the_o sanction_n of_o civil_a law_n in_o punishment_n than_o reward_n yet_o i_o hope_v we_o have_v not_o offend_v though_o we_o a_o little_a deviate_v from_o their_o sense_n and_o make_v it_o part_n of_o the_o sanction_n of_o this_o law_n that_o it_o be_v establish_v by_o reward_n as_o well_o as_o punishment_n since_o it_o seem_v more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n who_o footstep_n be_v strict_o to_o be_v follow_v to_o consider_v the_o positive_a idea_n of_o cause_n and_o effect_n in_o our_o mind_n and_o which_o do_v not_o receive_v either_o negation_n or_o privation_n by_o our_o outward_a sense_n and_o our_o affection_n ought_v rather_o to_o be_v move_v by_o the_o love_n or_o hope_n of_o a_o present_a or_o future_a good_a than_o by_o the_o fear_n or_o hatred_n of_o the_o contrary_a evil_n for_o as_o no_o man_n be_v say_v to_o love_n life_n health_n and_o those_o grateful_a motion_n of_o the_o nerve_n or_o spirit_n which_o be_v call_v corporeal_a pleasure_n because_o he_o may_v avoid_v death_n sickness_n or_o pain_n but_o rather_o from_o their_o own_o intrinsic_a goodness_n or_o agreeableness_n with_o our_o humane_a nature_n so_o likewise_o no_o rational_a man_n desire_v the_o perfection_n of_o the_o mind_n to_o wit_n the_o more_o ample_a and_o distinct_a knowledge_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a object_n the_o most_o happy_a state_n of_o rational_a being_n can_v only_o give_v he_o and_o all_o this_o not_o only_o that_o he_o may_v avoid_v the_o mischief_n of_o ignorance_n envy_n and_o malevolence_n but_o because_o of_o that_o great_a happiness_n which_o he_o find_v by_o experience_n to_o spring_v from_o such_o virtuous_a action_n and_o habit_n and_o which_o render_v it_o most_o ungrateful_a to_o we_o to_o be_v deprive_v of_o they_o and_o so_o the_o cause_n also_o of_o such_o privation_n be_v judge_v high_o grievous_a and_o troublesome_a from_o whence_o it_o also_o appear_v that_o even_o civil_a law_n themselves_o when_o they_o be_v establish_v by_o punishment_n e._n g._n by_o the_o fear_n of_o death_n or_o loss_n of_o good_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o thing_n true_o do_v indeed_o force_v man_n to_o yield_v obedience_n to_o they_o from_o the_o love_n of_o life_n or_o riches_n which_o they_o find_v can_v only_o be_v preserve_v by_o their_o observation_n so_o that_o the_o avoid_n of_o death_n and_o poverty_n be_v but_o in_o other_o word_n love_v of_o life_n and_o riches_n as_o he_o who_o by_o two_o negative_n will_v say_v he_o will_v not_o want_v life_n mean_v no_o more_o but_o that_o he_o desire_v to_o enjoy_v it_o to_o which_o we_o may_v likewise_o add_v that_o civil_a law_n themselves_o ought_v to_o be_v consider_v from_o the_o end_n which_o the_o lawmaker_n regard_v in_o make_v they_o as_o also_o which_o all_o good_a subject_n design_n in_o observe_v they_o to_o wit_n the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n part_n of_o which_o be_v communicate_v to_o all_o of_o they_o in_o particular_a and_o so_o bring_v with_o it_o a_o natural_a reward_n of_o their_o obedience_n rather_o than_o from_o the_o punishment_n they_o threaten_v by_o who_o fear_n some_o only_o be_v deter_v from_o violate_v they_o and_o those_o of_o the_o worst_a and_o most_o wicked_a sort_n of_o men._n but_o though_o we_o have_v show_v that_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o precept_n or_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o also_o of_o the_o sanction_n annex_v to_o they_o be_v brief_o contain_v in_o this_o proposition_n yet_o it_o be_v subject_a be_v still_o but_o a_o endeavour_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o power_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o whole_a system_n of_o rational_a being_n this_o limitation_n of_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o power_n imply_v that_o we_o do_v not_o think_v ourselves_o capable_a of_o add_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o divine_a perfection_n which_o we_o willing_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v beyond_o our_o power_n so_o that_o here_o be_v at_o once_o express_v both_o our_o love_n towards_o god_n and_o good_a will_n to_o mankind_n who_o be_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o this_o system_fw-la but_o the_o predicate_v of_o this_o proposition_n be_v that_o which_o conduce_v to_o the_o good_a of_o all_o its_o singular_a part_n or_o member_n and_o in_o which_o our_o own_o happiness_n be_v contain_v as_o one_o part_n thereof_o since_o all_o those_o good_a thing_n which_o we_o can_v do_v for_o other_o be_v but_o the_o effect_n of_o this_o endeavour_n so_o that_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o those_o good_n of_o which_o also_o our_o own_o felicity_n consist_v can_v never_o be_v miss_v of_o either_o in_o this_o life_n or_o a_o better_a as_o the_o reward_n of_o our_o obedience_n thereunto_o so_o to_o the_o contrary_a action_n misery_n in_o this_o life_n or_o in_o that_o to_o come_v be_v the_o punishment_n natural_o due_a but_o the_o connexion_n of_o the_o predicate_v with_o the_o subject_a be_v both_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n and_o also_o a_o demonstration_n of_o the_o natural_a connexion_n between_o this_o obedience_n and_o the_o reward_n as_o also_o between_o the_o transgression_n and_o the_o punishment_n from_o whence_o the_o reader_n will_v easy_o observe_v the_o true_a reason_n for_o which_o this_o practical_a proposition_n and_o all_o other_o which_o may_v be_v draw_v from_o thence_o do_v oblige_v all_o rational_a creature_n to_o know_v and_o understand_v it_o whilst_o other_o proposition_n suppose_v geometrical_a one_o though_o find_v out_o by_o right_a reason_n and_o so_o be_v truth_n proceed_v from_o god_n himself_o yet_o do_v not_o oblige_v man_n to_o any_o act_n or_o practise_v pursuant_n to_o they_o but_o may_v be_v safe_o neglect_v by_o most_o man_n to_o who_o the_o science_n of_o geometry_n may_v not_o be_v necessary_a whereas_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a do_v intimate_o concern_v the_o happiness_n of_o all_o mankind_n upon_o who_o joint_n or_o concurrent_a will_n and_o endeavour_n every_o single_a man_n happiness_n do_v after_o some_o sort_n depend_v so_o that_o this_o endeavour_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v neglect_v without_o endanger_v the_o lose_v all_o those_o hope_n of_o happiness_n which_o god_n have_v make_v know_v to_o we_o from_o our_o own_o nature_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o so_o have_v sufficient_o declare_v the_o connexion_n of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n with_o all_o our_o moral_a action_n from_o who_o authority_n as_o well_o this_o general_a proposition_n as_o all_o other_o which_o be_v contain_v in_o it_o must_v be_v understand_v to_o become_v law_n so_o that_o from_o the_o term_n of_o this_o proposition_n it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o adequate_a and_o immediate_a effect_n of_o our_o thus_o act_v and_o concern_v which_o this_o law_n be_v establish_v be_v whatever_n be_v grateful_a to_o god_n and_o beneficial_a to_o man_n that_o be_v the_o natural_a good_a of_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a system_n of_o rational_a being_n nay_o further_o be_v the_o great_a of_o all_o good_n which_o we_o can_v imagine_v or_o perform_v for_o they_o since_o it_o be_v great_a than_o the_o like_a good_a of_o any_o particular_a part_n or_o member_n of_o the_o same_o system_fw-la and_o far_o it_o be_v thereby_o sufficient_o declare_v that_o the_o felicity_n of_o particular_a person_n be_v derive_v from_o this_o happy_a state_n of_o the_o whole_a system_n as_o the_o nutrition_n of_o any_o one_o member_n of_o a_o animal_n be_v produce_v by_o a_o due_a distribution_n of_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o blood_n diffuse_v through_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o this_o effect_n must_v needs_o be_v the_o best_a since_o it_o
and_o that_o the_o loss_n or_o deprivation_n of_o this_o felicity_n do_v necessary_o adhere_v as_o a_o punishment_n to_o the_o opposite_a action_n the_o former_a of_o these_o which_o declare_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o all_o that_o felicity_n which_o particular_a person_n can_v thereby_o obtain_v we_o have_v prove_v from_o natural_a effect_n find_v by_o experience_n the_o latter_a viz._n that_o piety_n to_o god_n and_o charity_n or_o benevolence_n towards_o all_o man_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a and_o we_o have_v also_o prove_v in_o the_o four_o chapter_n that_o all_o virtue_n both_o private_a and_o public_a be_v contain_v in_o this_o endeavour_n but_o because_o the_o connexion_n of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n which_o follow_v those_o act_n which_o be_v for_o the_o common_a good_a or_o opposite_a to_o it_o be_v something_o obscure_v by_o those_o evil_n which_o often_o befall_v good_a man_n and_o those_o good_a thing_n which_o too_o frequent_o happen_v to_o evil_a one_o it_o be_v enough_o to_o our_o purpose_n to_o show_v that_o notwithstanding_o all_o these_o the_o connexion_n between_o they_o be_v so_o sufficient_o constant_a and_o manifest_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n that_o from_o thence_o may_v be_v certain_o gather_v the_o sanction_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n command_v the_o former_a and_o prohibit_v the_o latter_a action_n and_o we_o may_v suppose_v those_o punishment_n to_o suffice_v for_o its_o sanction_n which_o all_o thing_n right_o weigh_v much_o exceed_v the_o gain_n that_o may_v arise_v from_o any_o act_n do_v contrary_a to_o this_o law_n but_o in_o compare_v of_o the_o effect_n which_o do_v follow_v good_a action_n on_o one_o hand_n and_o evil_a one_o on_o the_o other_o those_o good_a or_o evil_a thing_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v reckon_v in_o to_o the_o account_n which_o either_o can_v be_v acquire_v or_o avoid_v by_o any_o humane_a prudence_n or_o industry_n such_o as_o be_v those_o which_o proceed_v from_o the_o natural_a necessity_n of_o external_n cause_n may_v happen_v to_o any_o one_o by_o mere_a chance_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o fall_v out_o alike_o both_o to_o good_a and_o bad_a therefore_o we_o shall_v only_o take_v those_o into_o our_o account_n which_o may_v be_v foresee_v and_o prevent_v by_o humane_a foresight_n as_o some_o way_n depend_v upon_o our_o own_o will_n or_o acts._n but_o i_o must_v also_o acknowledge_v that_o these_o effect_n do_v not_o all_o depend_v upon_o our_o own_o particular_a power_n but_o many_o of_o they_o do_v also_o proceed_v from_o the_o good_a will_n and_o endeavour_n of_o other_o rational_n yet_o since_o it_o may_v be_v know_v from_o their_o nature_n as_o they_o be_v be_v agreeable_a to_o our_o own_o that_o the_o common_a good_a be_v the_o best_a and_o great_a end_n which_o they_o can_v propose_v to_o themselves_o and_o that_o their_o natural_a reason_n require_v that_o they_o shall_v act_v for_o a_o end_n and_o rather_o for_o this_o than_o any_o other_o less_o good_a or_o less_o perfect_a and_o that_o it_o be_v moreover_o know_v by_o experience_n that_o such_o effect_n of_o universal_a benevolence_n may_v be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n obtain_v from_o other_o by_o our_o own_o benevolent_a action_n it_o be_v just_a that_o those_o effect_n shall_v be_v number_v or_o esteem_v among_o those_o consequence_n which_o do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n so_o fall_v out_o because_o every_o man_n be_v esteem_v able_a to_o do_v whatever_o he_o can_v perform_v or_o obtain_v by_o the_o assistance_n of_o other_o so_o that_o the_o whole_a reward_n which_o be_v connect_v to_o good_a action_n by_o the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o thing_n be_v somewhat_o like_o those_o tribute_n of_o which_o the_o public_a revenue_n consist_v which_o do_v not_o only_o arise_v out_o of_o constant_a rent_n but_o also_o out_o of_o divers_a contingent_a payment_n such_o as_o custom_n or_o excise_n upon_o commodity_n who_o value_n although_o it_o be_v very_o great_a yet_o be_v not_o always_o certain_a though_o they_o be_v often_o farm_a out_o at_o a_o certain_a rate_n therefore_o in_o the_o reckon_n up_o of_o these_o reward_n not_o only_o those_o part_n thereof_o aught_o to_o come_v into_o account_n which_o immutable_o adhere_v to_o good_a action_n such_o as_o be_v that_o happiness_n which_o consist_v in_o the_o knowledge_n and_o love_n of_o god_n and_o good_a man_n the_o absolute_a government_n of_o our_o passion_n the_o sweet_a harmony_n and_o agreement_n betwixt_o the_o true_a principle_n of_o our_o action_n and_o all_o the_o part_n of_o our_o life_n the_o favour_n of_o the_o deity_n and_o the_o hope_n of_o a_o bless_a immortality_n proceed_v from_o all_o these_o but_o there_o ought_v also_o to_o be_v take_v into_o the_o account_n all_o those_o good_n which_o do_v though_o contingent_o adhere_v to_o they_o and_o which_o may_v either_o happen_v to_o we_o from_o the_o good_a will_n of_o other_o or_o flow_v from_o that_o concord_n and_o society_n which_o be_v either_o maintain_v between_o divers_a nation_n or_o those_o of_o the_o same_o commonwealth_n and_o which_o we_o do_v as_o far_o as_o we_o be_v able_a procure_v for_o ourselves_o by_o such_o benevolent_a action_n and_o by_o the_o like_a reason_n we_o may_v also_o understand_v of_o what_o particular_n all_o that_o misery_n or_o those_o punishment_n may_v consist_v which_o be_v connect_v with_o those_o act_n that_o be_v hurtful_a to_o the_o common_a good_n so_o that_o all_o of_o we_o may_v learn_v from_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o condition_n in_o which_o we_o be_v bear_v and_o live_v to_o esteem_v contingent_a good_n and_o to_o be_v draw_v to_o act_v by_o the_o hope_n of_o they_o for_o the_o air_n itself_o which_o be_v so_o necessary_a for_o our_o subsistence_n and_o preservation_n do_v not_o always_o benefit_v our_o blood_n or_o spirit_n but_o be_v sometime_o infect_v with_o deadly_a steam_n and_o vapour_n nor_o can_v our_o meat_n drink_v or_o exercise_n always_o preserve_v our_o life_n but_o do_v often_o generate_v disease_n and_o agriculture_n itself_o do_v not_o always_o pay_v the_o husband-man_n toil_n with_o the_o expect_a gain_n but_o sometime_o he_o even_o lose_v by_o it_o and_o sure_o we_o be_v not_o less_o natural_o draw_v to_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a than_o we_o be_v to_o such_o natural_a action_n from_o the_o hope_n of_o a_o good_a that_o may_v but_o probable_o proceed_v from_o they_o but_o how_o just_o we_o may_v hope_v for_o a_o considerable_a return_n from_o all_o other_o joint_o consider_v for_o all_o our_o labour_n bestow_v upon_o the_o common_a good_a we_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o make_v the_o best_a account_n of_o when_o we_o consider_v what_o our_o own_o experience_n and_o the_o history_n of_o all_o nation_n for_o the_o time_n past_a may_v teach_v we_o to_o have_v befall_v those_o who_o have_v either_o regard_v or_o despise_v this_o great_a end_n but_o because_o the_o whole_a endeavour_n of_o this_o common_a good_a contain_v no_o more_o but_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o deity_n the_o care_n of_o fidelity_n peace_n and_o commerce_n betwixt_o nation_n and_o the_o institute_n and_o maintain_v government_n both_o civil_a and_o domestic_a as_o also_o particular_a friendship_n as_o the_o part_n thereof_o take_v together_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o endeavour_v thereof_o express_v by_o a_o mutual_a love_n and_o assistance_n must_v in_o some_o degree_n be_v find_v among_o all_o nation_n as_o necessary_a to_o their_o own_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n nay_o it_o seem_v far_o manifest_v to_o i_o that_o those_o who_o attain_v but_o to_o the_o age_n of_o manhood_n do_v owe_v all_o those_o past_a year_n much_o more_o to_o the_o endeavour_n of_o other_o bestow_v upon_o the_o common_a good_a than_o to_o their_o own_o care_n which_o in_o their_o tender_a age_n be_v almost_o none_o at_o all_o for_o we_o then_o do_v altogether_o depend_v upon_o and_o owe_v our_o preservation_n to_o that_o obedience_n which_o other_o yield_v as_o well_o to_o oeconomical_a precept_n as_o to_o all_o law_n both_o civil_a and_o religious_a which_o do_v whole_o proceed_v from_o this_o care_n of_o the_o common_a good_n whereas_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o if_o afterward_o we_o expose_v our_o life_n to_o danger_n yea_o if_o we_o lose_v they_o for_o the_o public_a good_a we_o shall_v lose_v far_o less_o for_o its_o sake_n than_o we_o do_v before_o receive_v from_o it_o for_o we_o do_v then_o only_o lose_v the_o uncertain_a hope_n of_o future_a enjoyment_n whereas_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o scarce_o so_o much_o as_o the_o hope_n of_o they_o can_v remain_v to_o particular_a person_n where_o the_o common_a good_a be_v destroy_v for_o we_o have_v thence_o receive_v the_o real_a possession_n of_o all_o those_o contentment_n of_o life_n with_o which_o we_o be_v blessed_v and_o therefore_o we_o be_v bind_v in_o
gratitude_n as_o well_o as_o by_o interest_n to_o return_v those_o again_o whenever_o they_o be_v lawful_o require_v of_o we_o though_o i_o grant_v for_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o gospel_n that_o the_o firm_a encouragement_n and_o great_a reward_n we_o man_n can_v have_v for_o expose_v nay_o lose_v our_o life_n for_o the_o benefit_n or_o service_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v that_o happiness_n we_o may_v just_o expect_v in_o another_o life_n after_o this_o these_o thing_n seem_v evident_a to_o we_o as_o resemble_v that_o method_n whereby_o we_o be_v natural_o teach_v that_o the_o health_n and_o strength_n of_o our_o whole_a body_n be_v preserve_v by_o the_o good_a estate_n of_o its_o particular_a member_n in_o its_o receive_a food_n and_o breath_n although_o sometime_o disease_n may_v breed_v within_o the_o body_n or_o divers_a outward_a accident_n as_o wound_n bruise_n and_o the_o like_a do_v happen_v to_o it_o from_o without_o which_o may_v hinder_v the_o particular_a member_n from_o receive_v that_o nourishment_n which_o be_v necessary_a for_o they_o and_o we_o be_v teach_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n by_o the_o act_n immediate_o promote_a the_o common_a good_a that_o the_o happiness_n of_o particular_a man_n which_o be_v the_o member_n of_o this_o natural_a system_n may_v no_o less_o certain_o be_v expect_v nor_o be_v less_o natural_o derive_v from_o thence_o than_o the_o strength_n of_o our_o hand_n do_v proceed_v from_o the_o due_a state_n of_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o blood_n and_o nervous_a juice_n though_o we_o confess_v that_o many_o thing_n may_v happen_v which_o may_v cause_v this_o general_a care_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o mankind_n not_o always_o to_o meet_v with_o the_o good_a effect_n we_o desire_v so_o that_o particular_a person_n may_v certain_o infallible_o enjoy_v all_o the_o felicity_n they_o can_v hope_v for_o or_o expect_v yet_o this_o be_v no_o argument_n against_o it_o any_o more_o than_o that_o the_o take_n in_o of_o air_n and_o aliment_n however_o necessary_a for_o the_o whole_a body_n shall_v prevent_v all_o those_o accident_n and_o distemper_n it_o be_v subject_a to_o since_o it_o may_v happen_v as_o well_o by_o the_o violent_a and_o unjust_a action_n of_o our_o fellow_n subject_n like_o the_o disease_a constitution_n of_o some_o inward_a part_n or_o by_o the_o invasion_n of_o a_o foreign_a enemy_n like_o a_o blow_n or_o other_o outward_a violence_n that_o good_a man_n may_v be_v deprive_v in_o this_o life_n of_o some_o reward_n of_o their_o good_a deed_n and_o may_v also_o suffer_v divers_a outward_a evil_n yet_o since_o these_o be_v more_o often_o repel_v by_o the_o force_n of_o concord_n and_o civil_a government_n or_o be_v often_o shake_v off_o after_o some_o short_a disturbance_n either_o by_o our_o own_o private_a power_n or_o else_o by_o that_o of_o the_o civil_a sword_n as_o disease_n be_v throw_v off_o by_o a_o healthful_a crisis_n or_o effort_n of_o nature_n so_o that_o notwithstanding_o all_o these_o evil_n man_n be_v more_o often_o recompense_v with_o great_a good_n partly_o from_o the_o assistance_n of_o other_o but_o chief_o from_o that_o of_o civil_a government_n or_o else_o of_o league_n make_v with_o neighbour_a state_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v that_o mankind_n have_v never_o be_v yet_o destroy_v notwithstanding_o all_o the_o tyranny_n and_o war_n that_o man_n unreasonable_a passion_n have_v exercise_v and_o raise_v in_o the_o world_n and_o that_o civil_a government_n or_o empire_n have_v be_v more_o last_a than_o the_o most_o long_o live_v animal_n from_o all_o which_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o deprive_v appetite_n of_o divers_a man_n or_o those_o passion_n which_o do_v often_o produce_v motion_n so_o opposite_a to_o the_o common_a good_a ought_v no_o more_o to_o hinder_v we_o from_o acknowledge_v the_o natural_a propension_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n consider_v together_o to_o be_v more_o powerful_o carry_v towards_o that_o which_o we_o every_o day_n see_v may_v be_v procure_v thereby_o viz._n the_o conservation_n and_o far_a perfection_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o mankind_n than_o that_o divers_a disease_n breed_v in_o the_o part_n of_o animal_n or_o any_o outward_a violence_n shall_v hinder_v we_o from_o acknowledge_v that_o the_o frame_n of_o their_o body_n and_o the_o natural_a function_n of_o their_o part_n be_v fit_v and_o intend_v by_o god_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o life_n and_o the_o propagation_n of_o their_o species_n but_o that_o we_o may_v carry_v on_o this_o similitude_n between_o a_o live_a body_n and_o its_o particular_a member_n with_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o mankind_n and_o all_o the_o individual_v contain_v under_o it_o a_o little_a far_o i_o will_v here_o give_v you_o monsieur_n pascal_n excellent_a notion_n concern_v this_o common_a good_a as_o it_o be_v publish_v in_o those_o fragment_n morales_n entitle_v les_fw-fr pensees_n de_fw-fr mounseur_fw-fr pascal_n since_o it_o both_o explain_v and_o confirm_v our_o method_n he_o there_o suppose_v that_o god_n have_v make_v the_o heaven_n and_o the_o earth_n and_o divers_a other_o creature_n not_o at_o all_o sensible_a of_o their_o common_a happiness_n will_v also_o make_v some_o rational_a being_n which_o may_v know_v he_o and_o may_v make_v up_o one_o body_n consist_v of_o rational_a member_n and_o that_o all_o man_n be_v member_n of_o this_o body_n so_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o their_o happiness_n that_o all_o particular_a man_n as_o member_n of_o this_o body_n conform_v their_o particular_a will_n to_o the_o universal_a will_n of_o god_n that_o govern_v the_o whole_a body_n as_o the_o head_n or_o soul_n thereof_o and_o though_o it_o often_o happen_v that_o one_o man_n false_o suppose_v himself_o a_o independent_a be_v and_o so_o will_v make_v himself_o the_o only_a centre_n of_o all_o his_o action_n yet_o he_o will_v at_o last_o find_v himself_o whilst_o in_o this_o state_n separate_v from_o the_o body_n of_o rational_a being_n and_o who_o not_o have_v any_o true_a principle_n of_o life_n or_o motion_n do_v nothing_o but_o wander_v about_o distract_v in_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o his_o own_o be_v but_o if_o ever_o he_o come_v to_o a_o true_a knowledge_n of_o himself_o he_o will_v find_v that_o he_o be_v not_o that_o whole_a body_n but_o only_o a_o small_a member_n of_o it_o and_o have_v no_o proper_a life_n and_o motion_n but_o as_o he_o be_v a_o part_n thereof_o so_o that_o to_o regulate_v our_o self-love_n every_o man_n ought_v to_o imagine_v himself_o but_o one_o small_a part_n of_o this_o body_n of_o mankind_n compose_v of_o so_o many_o intelligent_a member_n and_o to_o know_v what_o proportion_n of_o love_n every_o man_n owe_v himself_o let_v he_o consider_v what_o degree_n of_o love_n the_o body_n bear_v to_o any_o one_o small_a single_a part_n and_o so_o much_o love_n that_o part_n if_o it_o have_v sense_n ought_v to_o bestow_v upon_o itself_o and_o no_o more_o all_o self-love_n that_o exceed_v this_o be_v unjust_a so_o far_o this_o sagacious_a contemplative_a gentleman_n think_v long_o since_o though_o i_o confess_v he_o do_v not_o proceed_v to_o show_v in_o what_o manner_n the_o good_a of_o every_o individual_a person_n depend_v upon_o the_o happiness_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o mankind_n as_o our_o author_n have_v here_o do_v though_o no_o doubt_n he_o be_v excellent_o well_o fit_v to_o do_v it_o if_o he_o have_v live_v to_o reduce_v those_o excellent_a thought_n into_o a_o set_a discourse_n we_o have_v deliver_v in_o this_o epitome_n the_o sum_n of_o that_o method_n by_o which_o we_o have_v inquire_v into_o the_o sanction_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n in_o which_o we_o have_v consider_v all_o the_o felicity_n natural_o flow_v from_o good_a action_n as_o a_o reward_n annex_v to_o they_o by_o god_n the_o author_n of_o nature_n and_o their_o loss_n or_o contrary_a evil_n that_o follow_v they_o as_o a_o punishment_n natural_o flow_v from_o their_o transgression_n and_o indeed_o our_o method_n seem_v very_o much_o confirm_v from_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o mankind_n since_o all_o man_n of_o however_o different_a opinion_n concern_v moral_a principle_n do_v yet_o agree_v in_o this_o that_o good_a action_n ought_v still_o to_o be_v encourage_v by_o reward_n and_o evil_a one_o to_o be_v restrain_v by_o punishment_n in_o this_o all_o sect_n of_o philosopher_n however_o quarrel_v among_o themselves_o do_v agree_v as_o also_o the_o founder_n of_o all_o religion_n and_o the_o maker_n of_o all_o civil_a law_n have_v make_v this_o their_o main_a foundation_n nay_o those_o who_o will_v seem_v most_o to_o neglect_v all_o reward_n and_o will_v deduce_v all_o virtue_n from_o gratitude_n alone_o yet_o find_v it_o necessary_a to_o acknowledge_v this_o gratitude_n to_o proceed_v from_o the_o memory_n of_o benefit_n receive_v but_o sure_o it_o still_o argue_v as_o much_o love_n towards_o
their_o nature_n §_o 11._o all_o creature_n express_v a_o delight_n in_o the_o society_n of_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n some_o case_n or_o interval_n wherein_o nature_n seem_v to_o act_v otherwise_o no_o contradiction_n to_o this_o general_a rule_n §_o 12._o all_o animal_n impel_v by_o the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o their_o part_n to_o a_o love_n of_o those_o of_o a_o different_a sex_n and_o to_o a_o natural_a affection_n to_o their_o offspring_n §_o 13._o all_o animal_n take_v delight_n in_o the_o sweet_a passion_n of_o love_n joy_n desire_v etc._n etc._n as_o helpful_a to_o their_o natural_a constitution_n whereas_o the_o contrary_a passion_n when_o inordinate_a be_v high_o destructive_a to_o it_o §_o 14._o mr._n h._n can_v deny_v these_o natural_a propension_n and_o therefore_o be_v force_v to_o suppose_v somewhat_o in_o man_n nature_n that_o render_v he_o more_o unsociable_a than_o brute_n §_o 15._o other_o peculiar_a observation_n relate_v to_o man_n whereby_o he_o be_v make_v more_o capable_a of_o promote_a the_o common_a good_a as_o first_o from_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o brain_n in_o man_n than_o in_o brute_n §_o 16._o 2._o from_o the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o their_o blood_n and_o spermatick_a vessel_n from_o whence_o arise_v a_o necessity_n of_o marriage_n and_o of_o a_o more_o constant_a and_o last_a love_n to_o their_o offspring_n §_o 17._o 3._o from_o the_o wonderful_a structure_n of_o man_n hand_n it_o be_v prove_v that_o this_o instrument_n be_v give_v we_o for_o some_o more_o noble_a use_n than_o bare_a self-preservation_n §_o 18._o last_o from_o the_o upright_a posture_n of_o man_n body_n and_o way_n of_o motion_n §_o 19_o the_o next_o set_v of_o observation_n tend_v to_o prove_v man_n more_o fit_v for_o the_o promote_a of_o this_o common_a good_a be_v take_v from_o the_o natural_a and_o peculiar_a faculty_n of_o man_n soul_n above_o those_o of_o brute_n and_o 1._o from_o that_o of_o deduce_a effect_n from_o their_o cause_n and_o vice_n versa_fw-la especial_o in_o that_o of_o distinguish_v of_o real_a or_o natural_a from_o apparent_a good_n §_o 20._o what_o be_v understand_v by_o we_o by_o a_o natural_a or_o moral_a good_a or_o evil._n certain_a axiom_n for_o the_o plain_a understanding_n their_o nature_n and_o degree_n §_o 21._o how_o we_o arrive_v to_o a_o idea_n of_o a_o species_n or_o kind_n of_o creature_n and_o also_o to_o a_o notion_n of_o the_o general_a or_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n §_o 22._o speech_n and_o the_o invention_n of_o letter_n peculiar_a faculty_n of_o man_n nature_n §_o 23._o and_o the_o great_a benefit_n arise_v from_o thence_o in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a §_o 24._o man_n do_v infinite_o exceed_v beast_n in_o their_o discursive_a faculty_n as_o also_o in_o the_o knowledge_n and_o use_n of_o number_n §_o 25._o as_o also_o in_o the_o power_n of_o understanding_n the_o different_a quantity_n and_o proportion_n between_o body_n which_o we_o call_v geometry_n §_o 26._o the_o two_o great_a remain_a prerogative_n of_o humane_a soul_n freedom_n of_o will_n as_o to_o moral_a action_n and_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o god_n §_o 27_o 28._o what_o knowledge_n we_o can_v have_v of_o his_o attribute_n which_o can_v never_o be_v true_o understand_v but_o with_o respect_n to_o their_o great_a end_n the_o prosecution_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o universe_n §_o 29._o the_o content_n of_o the_o three_o chapter_n a_o brief_a recapitulation_n of_o the_o former_a chapter_n and_o a_o sum_n up_o all_o those_o observation_n into_o a_o general_a proposition_n of_o god_n willing_a and_o command_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n as_o the_o main_a end_n of_o all_o our_o action_n §_o 1._o a_o brief_a explanation_n of_o the_o term_n of_o our_o description_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o that_o word_n be_v not_o always_o essential_a to_o law_n §_o 2._o that_o all_o moral_a truth_n or_o duty_n as_o declare_v by_o god_n be_v contain_v in_o this_o one_o proposition_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a certain_a principle_n lay_v down_o for_o the_o prove_v it_o §_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6._o that_o this_o be_v once_o discover_v to_o we_o we_o lie_v under_o a_o sufficient_a obligation_n to_o observe_v this_o proposition_n as_o a_o natural_a law_n with_o the_o explanation_n of_o the_o term_n obligation_n and_o who_o have_v authority_n to_o oblige_v we_o §_o 7_o 8_o 9_o yet_o that_o this_o obligation_n may_v well_o consist_v with_o the_o freedom_n of_o our_o will_n the_o difference_n between_o a_o mere_a animal_n and_o a_o rational_a or_o natural_a good_a the_o neglect_n of_o which_o distinction_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o epicurus_n and_o mr._n h_n error_n §_o 10._o the_o last_o part_n of_o the_o obligation_n to_o this_o law_n viz._n its_o sanction_n by_o reward_n and_o punishment_n certain_a axiom_n necessary_a to_o be_v know_v in_o order_n to_o the_o right_a understanding_n the_o true_a nature_n of_o a_o moral_a good_a or_o evil_a and_o of_o man_n true_a happiness_n and_o perfection_n with_o its_o difference_n from_o that_o of_o other_o being_n §_o 11._o that_o though_o all_o moral_a obligation_n do_v not_o consist_v in_o reward_n or_o punishment_n yet_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o weakness_n of_o humane_a nature_n it_o be_v insignificant_a without_o they_o with_o a_o scale_n of_o nature_n show_v the_o difference_n between_o vegetable_n and_o inanimate_a body_n and_o between_o man_n and_o brute_n §_o 12._o the_o strict_a sanction_n and_o consequent_o obligation_n to_o all_o law_n consist_v in_o reward_n and_o punishment_n due_o distribute_v god_n right_a of_o dominion_n not_o to_o be_v resolve_v into_o his_o irresistible_a power_n §_o 13._o the_o internal_a reward_n ordain_v by_o god_n in_o nature_n be_v first_o the_o inward_a satisfaction_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o also_o the_o pleasure_n all_o man_n take_v in_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o sweet_a passion_n of_o love_n etc._n etc._n §_o 14_o 15._o the_o external_a reward_n be_v all_o the_o like_a return_n of_o this_o benevolence_n from_o other_o with_o the_o praise_n or_o commendation_n of_o all_o good_a man_n together_o with_o the_o peace_n and_o protection_n of_o the_o civil_a government_n §_o 16_o 17._o last_o from_o god_n soundness_n of_o mind_n and_o body_n with_o all_o those_o outward_a blessing_n he_o usual_o bestow_v on_o the_o peaceable_a and_o virtuous_a with_o a_o solution_n to_o the_o difficulty_n why_o god_n often_o afflict_v good_a man_n §_o 18._o the_o internal_a punishment_n ordain_v by_o god_n for_o the_o transgression_n of_o this_o law_n be_v the_o absence_n or_o privation_n of_o the_o former_a good_a thing_n which_o be_v a_o evil_a and_o a_o punishment_n §_o 19_o error_n and_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o passion_n a_o real_a evil_n and_o a_o internal_a punishment_n §_o 20._o 3._o that_o such_o evil_a action_n can_v but_o be_v often_o displease_v to_o the_o person_n that_o do_v they_o §_o 21._o 4._o that_o vice_n and_o crime_n seldom_o come_v alone_o but_o let_v in_o a_o train_n of_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n or_o worse_o along_o with_o they_o §_o 22._o 5._o that_o such_o a_o offender_n can_v get_v out_o of_o this_o state_n when_o he_o will_v at_o least_o not_o without_o the_o trouble_n of_o repentance_n §_o 23._o 6._o the_o fear_n of_o punishment_n both_o from_o god_n and_o man_n §_o 24._o the_o external_a punishment_n be_v 1._o the_o evil_n that_fw-mi happen_v to_o the_o body_n from_o violent_a and_o unsociable_a passion_n §_o 25._o the_o second_o those_o return_n of_o hatred_n or_o contempt_n which_o all_o such_o man_n must_v expect_v from_o other_o §_o 26._o the_o 3d._n return_v of_o revenge_n from_o those_o they_o have_v injure_v §_o 27._o last_o those_o punishment_n which_o be_v often_o inflict_v by_o the_o civil_a power_n all_o which_o natural_a punishment_n mr._n h._n himself_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v ordain_v by_o god_n §_o 28._o that_o where_o these_o punishment_n fail_v in_o this_o life_n they_o will_v be_v supply_v by_o other_o infinite_o more_o grievous_a and_o durable_a in_o that_o to_o come_v §_o 29._o a_o brief_a recapitulation_n of_o this_o chapter_n that_o this_o proposition_n of_o our_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a etc._n etc._n be_v true_o a_o law_n as_o contain_v all_o the_o condition_n requisite_a thereunto_o §_o 30._o the_o content_n of_o the_o four_o chapter_n a_o brief_a repetition_n of_o what_o have_v be_v say_v in_o the_o first_o chapter_n that_o no_o man_n can_v have_v a_o right_a to_o preserve_v his_o own_o life_n but_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a etc._n etc._n that_o in_o all_o society_n the_o good_a of_o the_o lesser_a part_n must_v give_v place_n and_o be_v subordinate_a to_o that_o of_o the_o great_a §_o 1._o that_o a_o due_a consideration_n of_o this_o law_n will_v lead_v we_o to_o a_o
case_n propose_v unless_o first_o all_o those_o effect_n which_o may_v proceed_v from_o it_o in_o all_o its_o various_a circumstance_n be_v due_o consider_v and_o compare_v together_o so_o that_o the_o contemplation_n both_o of_o the_o cause_n on_o which_o man_n safety_n and_o happiness_n depend_v as_o also_o of_o the_o effect_n which_o may_v be_v produce_v by_o their_o joint_n or_o concur_v force_n and_o endeavour_n must_v necessary_o lead_v our_o mind_n first_o to_o the_o consideration_n of_o all_o other_o man_n and_o next_o of_o ourselves_o as_o a_o very_a small_a part_n of_o mankind_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o we_o proceed_v to_o contemplate_v this_o system_fw-la of_o thing_n call_v the_o visible_a world_n but_o more_o especial_o god_n as_o its_o creator_n and_o governor_n according_a to_o the_o method_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o introduction_n to_o this_o discourse_n the_o idea_n of_o which_o be_v due_o consider_v and_o digest_v in_o our_o mind_n we_o may_v draw_v from_o thence_o certain_a conclusion_n by_o which_o we_o may_v judge_v or_o determine_v what_o humane_a thing_n and_o action_n be_v certain_o and_o necessary_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o all_o rational_a being_n and_o in_o which_o every_o particular_a person_n be_v felicity_n or_o wellbeing_a be_v contain_v as_o a_o part_n thereof_o and_o in_o which_o rational_a dictate_v or_o conclusion_n i_o shall_v hereafter_o prove_v this_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o consist_v §_o 5._o no_o body_n i_o suppose_v will_v think_v it_o necessary_a to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n that_o i_o shall_v here_o make_v physical_a disquisition_n into_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v the_o object_n of_o our_o sense_n that_o be_v the_o business_n of_o profess_a naturalist_n it_o be_v sufficient_a for_o we_o to_o show_v that_o all_o the_o rule_n of_o moral_a philosophy_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n may_v be_v at_o last_o resolve_v into_o certain_a natural_a and_o easy_a observation_n gather_v from_o common_a experience_n or_o else_o into_o certain_a conclusion_n establish_v upon_o the_o know_a principle_n of_o mathematics_n and_o physics_n by_o which_o i_o do_v not_o only_o mean_v all_o those_o natural_a law_n of_o matter_n and_o motion_n in_o body_n but_o also_o the_o operation_n of_o our_o own_o soul_n as_o far_o as_o we_o be_v able_a to_o know_v or_o inquire_v into_o they_o from_o all_o which_o by_o the_o order_n of_o natural_a cause_n we_o may_v be_v lead_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n their_o creator_n and_o ordainer_n and_o so_o may_v acknowledge_v he_o as_o the_o only_a cause_n of_o all_o these_o excellent_a effect_n since_o this_o nature_n of_o thing_n do_v as_o well_o suggest_v to_o our_o mind_n the_o idea_n of_o a_o creator_n as_o of_o the_o thing_n create_v and_o so_o supply_v we_o with_o sufficient_a matter_n from_o which_o we_o may_v deduce_v all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o so_o many_o true_a practical_a proposition_n though_o it_o be_v only_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n or_o creator_n that_o can_v stamp_v any_o authority_n or_o obligation_n upon_o they_o now_o although_o there_o may_v be_v many_o thing_n collect_v from_o our_o knowledge_n of_o several_a being_n in_o the_o world_n that_o may_v serve_v for_o our_o moral_a instruction_n and_o the_o cultivate_a of_o our_o manner_n yet_o i_o shall_v for_o brevity_n sake_n only_o select_v some_o of_o the_o most_o material_a of_o they_o and_o such_o as_o may_v serve_v to_o explain_v our_o short_a account_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o notwithstanding_o several_a author_n have_v so_o much_o enlarge_v upon_o it_o i_o think_v may_v very_o well_o be_v reduce_v to_o this_o single_a proposition_n viz._n the_o most_o universal_a love_n or_o most_o diffusive_a benevolence_n of_o all_o rational_a being_n towards_o each_o other_o constitute_v the_o happy_a state_n they_o can_v be_v capable_a of_o so_o that_o their_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a by_o this_o benevolence_n be_v the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o in_o which_o they_o be_v all_o contain_v note_v that_o by_o this_o love_n or_o benevolence_n i_o do_v not_o mean_v only_o a_o fruitless_a desire_n or_o wellwishing_a but_o a_o active_a affection_n exert_v itself_o in_o all_o the_o act_n of_o piety_n towards_o god_n duty_n towards_o parent_n kindness_n and_o gratitude_n towards_o our_o country_n friends_z and_o relation_n and_o of_o charity_n and_o humanity_n towards_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n as_o often_o as_o any_o opportunity_n offer_v itself_o §_o 6._o in_o the_o make_n out_o of_o which_o description_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n it_o be_v here_o needless_a to_o inquire_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o our_o soul_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o knowledge_n and_o understanding_n since_o the_o former_a have_v be_v so_o learned_o perform_v by_o the_o reverend_n dr._n ward_n late_a bishop_n of_o salisbury_n and_o the_o latter_a so_o exact_o do_v already_o in_o english_a by_o the_o above_o mention_v author_n of_o the_o essay_n of_o humane_a understanding_n i_o shall_v only_o brief_o suppose_v upon_o his_o principle_n that_o our_o soul_n do_v 1._o from_o the_o very_a birth_n by_o degree_n receive_v idea_n draw_v from_o outward_a object_n by_o our_o sense_n 2._o that_o it_o be_v their_o faculty_n from_o divers_a single_a notion_n or_o idea_n put_v together_o to_o come_v to_o make_v complex_fw-la one_o that_o be_v to_o make_v divers_a proposition_n or_o conclusion_n not_o only_o concern_v their_o own_o inward_a act_n but_o also_o about_o all_o those_o outward_a object_n with_o which_o they_o be_v daily_o conversant_a and_o which_o may_v tend_v to_o the_o find_v out_o the_o ready_a mean_n of_o attain_v to_o and_o preserve_v themselves_o in_o the_o happy_a state_n and_o condition_n they_o be_v able_a to_o acquire_v these_o thing_n be_v suppose_v it_o be_v needless_a to_o trouble_v you_o with_o any_o far_a description_n of_o this_o love_n or_o benevolence_n since_o every_o person_n can_v but_o be_v sufficient_o sensible_a of_o its_o nature_n degree_n and_o various_a operation_n that_o will_v but_o make_v any_o selfreflection_n upon_o his_o own_o inward_a affection_n §_o 7._o but_o as_o for_o the_o due_a connexion_n of_o the_o term_n of_o this_o proposition_n in_o which_o its_o truth_n do_v chief_o consist_v it_o seem_v to_o i_o plain_a enough_o it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o to_o affirm_v that_o our_o endeavour_n of_o procure_v all_o the_o good_a thing_n in_o our_o power_n and_o which_o be_v most_o conduce_v to_o our_o own_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n and_o of_o all_o other_o rational_a being_n be_v the_o best_a or_o chief_a thing_n that_o all_o person_n can_v do_v to_o render_v both_o themselves_o and_o all_o other_o as_o happy_a as_o their_o nature_n will_v permit_v or_o can_v require_v and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o sure_a or_o more_o powerful_a mean_n to_o be_v discover_v by_o we_o whereby_o we_o may_v obtain_v a_o full_a enjoyment_n of_o all_o the_o good_a thing_n of_o this_o life_n and_o the_o hope_n of_o that_o to_o come_v than_o by_o endeavour_v our_o own_o felicity_n in_o conjunction_n with_o that_o of_o other_o so_o that_o from_o what_o i_o have_v already_o advance_v the_o reader_n may_v collect_v these_o two_o proposition_n 1._o that_o the_o foundation_n of_o all_o our_o natural_a happiness_n consist_v in_o a_o habitual_a determination_n of_o the_o will_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o its_o ability_n and_o perfection_n whereby_o we_o may_v be_v always_o ready_a and_o prepare_v to_o endeavour_v this_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n 2._o that_o the_o true_a happiness_n of_o each_o individual_a person_n can_v be_v separate_v from_o that_o of_o other_o rational_n since_o the_o whole_a do_v not_o differ_v from_o all_o its_o part_n take_v together_o so_o that_o this_o proposition_n concern_v this_o general_a or_o diffusive_a benevolence_n be_v thus_o to_o be_v understand_v viz._n not_o to_o mean_v or_o only_o intend_v what_o any_o single_a or_o a_o few_o person_n may_v perform_v towards_o the_o procure_n of_o their_o own_o private_a happiness_n or_o that_o of_o their_o own_o party_n or_o faction_n distinct_a from_o that_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n but_o what_o all_o particular_a person_n may_v joint_o contribute_v to_o render_v themselves_o and_o other_o happy_a that_o be_v what_o each_o of_o they_o may_v rational_o perform_v towards_o the_o obtain_n this_o common_a felicity_n for_o it_o ought_v first_o to_o be_v know_v in_o general_a what_o all_o man_n be_v able_a to_o do_v or_o not_o to_o do_v towards_o any_o common_a end_n such_o as_o be_v the_o common_a happiness_n of_o rational_n and_o than_o what_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o any_o particular_a person_n in_o this_o or_o that_o case_n to_o perform_v for_o example_n towards_o his_o own_o private_a happiness_n as_o separate_v from_o
it_o be_v evident_a that_o their_o offspring_n can_v neither_o be_v generate_v or_o preserve_v unless_o those_o of_o different_a sex_n do_v for_o some_o time_n maintain_v peace_n and_o a_o co-habitation_n with_o each_o other_o which_o in_o many_o other_o of_o they_o continues_z much_o long_a than_o the_o bare_a time_n of_o generation_n viz._n for_o the_o whole_a season_n of_o couple_v and_o breed_n up_o of_o their_o young_a one_o and_o in_o divers_a other_o as_o dove_n pigeon_n etc._n etc._n this_o affection_n continue_v like_o marriage_n as_o long_o as_o their_o life_n and_o that_o creature_n be_v excite_v to_o generate_v their_o like_a from_o the_o same_o natural_a cause_n for_o which_o their_o own_o preservation_n be_v procure_v appear_v from_o this_o anatomical_a observation_n that_o part_n of_o the_o same_o nutritious_a juice_n pass_v into_o the_o nourishment_n of_o the_o body_n and_o the_o rest_n to_o the_o propagation_n of_o seed_n and_o the_o whole_a circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n with_o the_o cause_n that_o produce_v and_o promote_v it_o as_o the_o muscular_a force_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o that_o strange_a and_o wonderful_a artifice_n of_o the_o valve_n in_o the_o vein_n do_v by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o action_n serve_v for_o the_o particular_a nutrition_n of_o the_o animal_n and_o also_o perform_v the_o more_o public_a duty_n of_o propagation_n of_o the_o species_n whilst_o it_o do_v at_o the_o same_o time_n send_v down_o part_n of_o that_o matter_n to_o the_o spermatick_a vessel_n out_o of_o which_o the_o seed_n be_v produce_v §_o 13._o but_o leave_v the_o nice_a disquisition_n of_o these_o anatomical_a observation_n to_o naturalist_n and_o physician_n i_o shall_v only_o add_v this_o one_o observation_n that_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o all_o animal_n be_v by_o these_o mean_n impel_v to_o the_o love_n of_o those_o of_o a_o different_a sex_n and_o also_o of_o their_o own_o offspring_n and_o so_o be_v bring_v to_o impart_v some_o of_o that_o self-love_n with_o which_o they_o be_v first_o endue_v to_o other_o of_o their_o own_o kind_n from_o a_o irresistible_a instinct_n of_o nature_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v true_o observe_v of_o man_n that_o after_o they_o be_v marry_v and_o have_v get_v child_n they_o be_v more_o prone_a to_o and_o solicitous_a after_o peace_n than_o before_o but_o that_o this_o desire_n of_o propagation_n dispose_v man_n to_o a_o great_a affection_n towards_o those_o of_o the_o female_a sex_n be_v so_o evident_a that_o it_o need_v no_o proof_n but_o since_o mr._n h._n and_o other_o of_o his_o opinion_n do_v grant_v these_o observation_n concern_v the_o natural_a propension_n of_o creature_n to_o be_v true_a but_o be_v wont_n to_o evade_v they_o by_o affirm_v that_o they_o only_o proceed_v from_o the_o sole_a love_n of_o their_o own_o pleasure_n and_o satisfaction_n and_o that_o all_o the_o action_n proceed_v from_o thence_o tend_v to_o no_o high_a end_n than_o the_o love_n and_o preservation_n of_o themselves_o as_o i_o do_v not_o in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o discourse_n intend_v to_o dispute_v so_o have_v i_o not_o omit_v to_o answer_v this_o objection_n in_o the_o last_o chapter_n which_o be_v design_v on_o purpose_n for_o answer_v all_o those_o objection_n that_o can_v well_o be_v make_v against_o our_o definition_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n §_o 14._o the_o last_o general_a observation_n to_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o live_v creature_n may_v be_v take_v from_o that_o sweetness_n and_o pleasure_n they_o take_v and_o enjoy_v in_o those_o action_n and_o passion_n that_o tend_v to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o their_o own_o kind_a since_o it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v to_o naturalist_n that_o in_o those_o sweet_a passion_n of_o love_n desire_v hope_v joy_n especial_o when_o employ_v about_o any_o great_a good_a towards_o other_o the_o vital_a motion_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o heart_n be_v then_o high_o help_v and_o promote_v so_o that_o the_o vein_n and_o artery_n be_v fill_v with_o a_o mild_a and_o noble_a juice_n whilst_o brisk_a and_o more_o active_a spirit_n be_v thereby_o generate_v and_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o consequent_o all_o the_o other_o animal_n function_n be_v more_o easy_o and_o nimble_o perform_v so_o that_o by_o those_o very_a affection_n by_o which_o they_o do_v good_a to_o animal_n of_o their_o own_o kind_a they_o themselves_o be_v also_o satisfy_v and_o delight_v and_o as_o far_o as_o they_o feel_v this_o natural_o root_v in_o their_o very_a nature_n they_o must_v needs_o incline_v to_o these_o affection_n so_o high_o conduce_v to_o their_o own_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a in_o hatred_n envy_n fear_v and_o that_o sadness_n and_o ill-humour_n which_o necessary_o spring_v from_o those_o sour_a and_o immoderate_a passion_n the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n be_v obstruct_v and_o the_o heart_n render_v more_o heavy_a and_o unapt_a to_o motion_n so_o that_o it_o thereby_o expel_v the_o blood_n with_o great_a difficulty_n in_o its_o systole_n from_o whence_o proceed_v meagerness_n and_o paleness_n of_o the_o countenance_n with_o innumerable_a inconvenience_n to_o the_o whole_a oeconomy_n of_o the_o body_n but_o chief_o in_o the_o function_n of_o the_o brain_n and_o nerve_n such_o as_o be_v those_o disease_n which_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o spleen_n deep_a melancholy_n and_o discontent_n but_o these_o thing_n be_v rather_o of_o a_o medicinal_a consideration_n i_o shall_v but_o only_o just_a mention_n they_o though_o the_o write_n of_o physician_n may_v yield_v we_o divers_a example_n of_o such_o who_o have_v hasten_v their_o own_o fate_n through_o immoderate_a envy_n and_o regret_n that_o they_o can_v not_o satisfy_v their_o malice_n or_o revenge_n of_o which_o i_o may_v chance_v to_o give_v you_o a_o taste_n when_o i_o come_v to_o consider_v the_o sanction_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n by_o punishment_n proceed_v from_o the_o undue_a and_o immoderate_a exercise_n of_o those_o passion_n §_o 15._o but_o as_o mr._n h._n and_o his_o disciple_n can_v deny_v these_o natural_a propension_n in_o brute_n creature_n towards_o mutual_a concord_n so_o they_o have_v no_o other_o way_n to_o evade_v these_o instance_n but_o by_o suppose_v some_o thing_n in_o man_n nature_n that_o render_v he_o worse_o nature_a and_o more_o unmanageable_a than_o bear_n wolf_n etc._n etc._n that_o so_o be_v natural_o in_o a_o perpetual_a state_n of_o war_n they_o can_v no_o way_n be_v keep_v from_o destroy_v each_o other_o but_o by_o some_o common_a supreme_a power_n set_v over_o they_o to_o keep_v they_o all_o in_o awe_n which_o argument_n and_o the_o answer_n to_o they_o since_o by_o their_o length_n they_o will_v too_o much_o perplex_v the_o connexion_n of_o this_o discourse_n i_o shall_v refer_v you_o to_o the_o second_o part_n wherein_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o man_n nature_n consider_v as_o a_o animal_n that_o aught_o to_o be_v govern_v by_o right_a reason_n and_o in_o which_o alone_o he_o excel_v other_o creature_n that_o can_v lay_v any_o necessity_n upon_o he_o of_o be_v more_o fierce_a and_o unsociable_a than_o brute_n §_o 16._o have_v now_o dispatch_v these_o common_a and_o easy_a observation_n concern_v man_n consider_v as_o a_o mere_a body_n and_o also_o such_o as_o concern_v his_o nature_n as_o a_o animal_n tend_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o his_o own_o species_n be_v one_o great_a end_n and_o design_n of_o god_n in_o his_o creation_n i_o come_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o consider_v those_o particular_n in_o which_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n excel_v that_o of_o brute_n and_o whereby_o he_o be_v render_v much_o more_o capable_a than_o they_o of_o promote_a and_o perform_v this_o great_a end_n viz._n the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a agent_n which_o i_o shall_v divide_v into_o two_o head_n either_o those_o belong_v to_o the_o body_n or_o else_o to_o the_o soul_n or_o mind_n as_o to_o the_o former_a though_o there_o be_v divers_a anatomical_a observation_n make_v by_o curious_a anatomist_n and_o learned_a physician_n concern_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o inward_a part_n or_o vessel_n in_o man_n and_o brute_n yet_o i_o shall_v take_v notice_n of_o no_o more_o than_o what_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a to_o our_o purpose_n and_o which_o may_v serve_v to_o show_v what_o be_v the_o natural_a cause_n of_o that_o excellency_n and_o superiority_n that_o be_v common_o find_v in_o humane_a intellect_n above_o those_o of_o brute_n the_o first_o of_o which_o observation_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o large_a quantity_n of_o brain_n which_o be_v find_v in_o humane_a body_n and_o which_o bear_v a_o much_o great_a proportion_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o bulk_n than_o in_o any_o other_o creature_n for_o though_o the_o weight_n
subject_a of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o first_o be_v freedom_n in_o action_n or_o the_o power_n of_o do_v or_o forbear_v any_o action_n which_o do_v not_o only_o consist_v in_o indifferent_a thing_n as_o when_o a_o man_n of_o two_o different_a object_n choose_v which_o of_o they_o he_o please_v but_o be_v also_o able_a to_o choose_v a_o great_a good_a before_o a_o less_o and_o do_v likewise_o often_o prefer_v though_o unjust_o a_o present_a less_o good_a grateful_a to_o his_o sense_n before_o a_o great_a good_n approve_v of_o by_o his_o reason_n yet_o however_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o man_n by_o the_o power_n of_o his_o reason_n be_v able_a to_o move_v and_o excite_v his_o passion_n of_o love_n and_o pity_n when_o he_o see_v object_n that_o require_v his_o help_n and_o assistance_n nay_o can_v also_o by_o deliberation_n command_n and_o over-rule_v those_o domineer_a passion_n of_o lust_n anger_n and_o revenge_n etc._n etc._n when_o they_o happen_v to_o prompt_v he_o to_o action_n that_o be_v contrary_a to_o his_o own_o true_a good_a and_o that_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n and_o last_o man_n be_v capable_a to_o comprehend_v all_o particular_a good_n and_o to_o add_v they_o together_o into_o one_o sum_n viz._n the_o common_a and_o general_a good_a of_o rational_n as_o the_o best_a and_o most_o noble_a end_n he_o can_v employ_v himself_o about_o be_v also_o able_a to_o divert_v his_o thought_n from_o his_o own_o private_a pleasure_n and_o profit_v alone_o and_o fix_v they_o upon_o the_o care_n of_o his_o relation_n and_o friend_n or_o the_o more_o public_a good_a of_o his_o country_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v it_o be_v difficult_a exact_o to_o explain_v after_o what_o manner_n we_o exert_v this_o faculty_n since_o the_o nature_n and_o act_n of_o the_o rational_a soul_n be_v very_o abstruse_a yet_o i_o appeal_v to_o every_o man_n be_v own_o heart_n whether_o he_o do_v not_o find_v in_o himself_o not_o only_o a_o liberty_n to_o do_v or_o forbear_v indifferent_a action_n such_o as_o go_v abroad_o or_o stay_v at_o home_n but_o likewise_o such_o as_o be_v certain_o better_o by_o a_o rational_a estimate_n if_o he_o will_v but_o give_v himself_o time_n to_o consider_v and_o weigh_v the_o nature_n and_o consequence_n of_o they_o or_o else_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v he_o sorry_a or_o why_o do_v he_o repent_v the_o have_v do_v any_o foolish_a wicked_a or_o rash_a action_n since_o if_o all_o action_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a it_o be_v as_o idle_a and_o insignificant_a as_o if_o he_o shall_v be_v sorry_a that_o he_o be_v not_o make_v a_o prince_n rather_o than_o a_o private_a person_n or_o instead_o of_o a_o prince_n that_o he_o be_v not_o a_o angel_n so_o that_o certain_o god_n will_v not_o then_o have_v endue_v man_n with_o these_o two_o property_n peculiar_a to_o he_o viz._n that_o of_o conscience_n or_o a_o reflection_n upon_o the_o good_a or_o evil_a of_o his_o own_o action_n and_o that_o of_o repentance_n or_o sorrow_n for_o have_v do_v amiss_o altogether_o in_o vain_a since_o both_o be_v needless_a if_o all_o action_n be_v alike_o necessitate_v §_o 28._o but_o the_o last_o and_o high_a faculty_n and_o whereby_o man_n nature_n be_v chief_o distinguish_v from_o that_o of_o brute_n be_v when_o by_o the_o force_n of_o his_o reason_n act_v by_o the_o method_n and_o mean_n here_o describe_v he_o become_v sensible_a of_o the_o existence_n providence_n and_o other_o perfection_n of_o the_o deity_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v infer_v that_o it_o be_v high_o improbable_a if_o not_o impossible_a that_o this_o most_o wise_a and_o powerful_a be_v which_o we_o call_v god_n shall_v have_v ordain_v any_o power_n or_o faculty_n in_o man_n soul_n to_o no_o purpose_n if_o therefore_o he_o have_v endue_v man_n alone_o of_o all_o his_o creature_n with_o the_o knowledge_n of_o his_o own_o existence_n and_o attribute_n as_o far_o as_o be_v necessary_a for_o we_o finite_a creature_n to_o conceive_v of_o they_o since_o i_o grant_v we_o be_v not_o able_a to_o comprehend_v infinite_a perfection_n it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o god_n shall_v endue_v man_n alone_o with_o this_o so_o excellent_a a_o knowledge_n for_o so_o useless_a a_o end_n as_o bare_a speculation_n which_o alone_o be_v of_o no_o great_a use_n or_o benefit_n either_o to_o himself_o or_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n who_o good_a and_o happiness_n god_n chief_o intend_v in_o their_o creation_n so_o that_o indeed_o we_o can_v apprehend_v any_o end_n more_o worthy_a his_o divine_a wisdom_n and_o goodness_n in_o create_v we_o capable_a of_o these_o idea_n than_o what_o be_v practical_a that_o be_v as_o it_o some_o way_n serve_v to_o direct_v our_o action_n as_o free_a and_o voluntary_a agent_n towards_o the_o obtain_n our_o own_o good_a and_o happiness_n conjoin_v with_o that_o of_o other_o rational_a being_n nor_o can_v any_o action_n render_v we_o more_o happy_a than_o those_o that_o testify_v our_o high_a veneration_n of_o god_n infinite_a perfection_n and_o a_o deep_a sense_n of_o his_o goodness_n towards_o we_o and_o whereby_o we_o may_v be_v dispose_v to_o a_o entire_a obedience_n to_o his_o law_n whether_o natural_a or_o reveal_v whenever_o they_o be_v make_v know_v to_o we_o so_o that_o if_o it_o can_v be_v prove_v that_o these_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n call_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n derive_v their_o authority_n from_o god_n as_o a_o lawgiver_n and_o be_v intend_v by_o he_o for_o the_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n and_o as_o rule_n whereby_o he_o will_v have_v we_o direct_v all_o our_o action_n to_o this_o great_a end_n there_o can_v be_v no_o doubt_n but_o we_o lie_v under_o a_o sufficient_a obligation_n to_o observe_v they_o and_o to_o prove_v this_o will_v be_v the_o next_o and_o great_a part_n of_o our_o task_n §_o 29._o but_o before_o i_o undertake_v this_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o treat_v a_o little_a concern_v those_o attribute_n of_o the_o deity_n as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v have_v any_o idea_n of_o they_o since_o from_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o also_o of_o our_o own_o humane_a nature_n we_o can_v but_o be_v carry_v on_o to_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o god_n himself_o and_o if_o from_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o universe_n we_o can_v but_o conceive_v he_o of_o infinite_a power_n so_o from_o his_o act_n and_o ordain_v all_o thing_n for_o the_o best_a and_o worthy_a end_n we_o may_v likewise_o affirm_v he_o to_o be_v also_o infinite_o wise_a and_o good_a so_o that_o his_o infinite_a power_n always_o act_v for_o the_o best_a and_o wise_a end_n be_v still_o so_o limit_v by_o his_o infinite_a wisdom_n and_o goodness_n that_o it_o can_v act_n any_o thing_n destructive_a to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n of_o which_o himself_o be_v the_o chief_a and_o from_o hence_o proceed_v the_o certainty_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o also_o our_o perpetual_a obligation_n to_o it_o for_o as_o i_o will_v not_o affirm_v that_o god_n can_v not_o have_v make_v the_o world_n and_o the_o thing_n therein_o after_o another_o manner_n than_o he_o have_v do_v so_o since_o he_o have_v make_v it_o in_o the_o order_n we_o now_o find_v it_o this_o great_a law_n of_o nature_n of_o endeavour_v and_o procure_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n be_v of_o the_o same_o duration_n with_o that_o of_o the_o universe_n itself_o and_o so_o consequent_o of_o constant_a and_o perpetual_a obligation_n in_o respect_n of_o himself_o and_o all_o those_o who_o he_o have_v ordain_v to_o be_v his_o subordinate_a mean_n or_o instrument_n to_o procure_v it_o especial_o as_o man_n who_o he_o have_v make_v conscious_a of_o our_o duty_n and_o able_a to_o cooperate_a with_o he_o for_o this_o great_a and_o excellent_a end_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o that_o it_o be_v reducible_a to_o one_o single_a proposition_n which_o be_v true_o and_o proper_o a_o law_n as_o contain_v all_o thing_n necessary_a thereunto_o §_o 1._o have_v already_o in_o the_o two_o former_a chapter_n from_o the_o great_a book_n of_o nature_n that_o be_v as_o well_o that_o of_o thing_n without_o we_o as_o of_o ourselves_o in_o particular_a and_o of_o mankind_n in_o general_n make_v several_a observation_n for_o the_o prove_v of_o this_o proposition_n that_o man_n be_v ordain_v by_o god_n for_o a_o sociable_a creature_n who_o be_v preservation_n and_o happiness_n be_v to_o depend_v upon_o the_o assistance_n and_o goodwill_n of_o god_n his_o creator_n as_o also_o those_o of_o his_o own_o kind_n i_o come_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o show_v that_o every_o one_o be_v oblige_v to_o a_o return_n of_o the_o like_a benevolence_n to_o other_o for_o we_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v better_o assure_v of_o
the_o like_a goodwill_n from_o they_o than_o by_o do_v they_o the_o same_o good_a office_n as_o often_o as_o it_o lie_v in_o our_o power_n which_o we_o desire_v they_o shall_v do_v for_o we_o and_o that_o this_o constitute_v the_o happy_a state_n man_n be_v capable_a of_o in_o this_o life_n viz._n peace_n and_o concord_n not_o only_o among_o particular_a man_n but_o also_o between_o all_o commonwealth_n and_o nation_n of_o which_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o mankind_n consist_v so_o that_o it_o evident_o appear_v that_o the_o true_a and_o natural_a state_n of_o mankind_n be_v that_o of_o peace_n love_n or_o mutual_a benevolence_n and_o which_o indeed_o will_v require_v no_o other_o reward_n than_o what_o proceed_v from_o itself_o be_v man_n a_o creature_n always_o govern_v by_o right_a reason_n and_o his_o own_o true_a good_a reward_v and_o punishment_n be_v ordain_v for_o man_n as_o too_o often_o govern_v by_o their_o passion_n and_o sensual_a appetite_n and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o perfection_n of_o their_o rational_a nature_n yet_o since_o it_o please_v god_n to_o create_v man_n a_o mix_a creature_n consist_v of_o a_o body_n and_o a_o soul_n and_o be_v too_o often_o draw_v aside_o by_o passion_n not_o direct_v by_o right_a reason_n and_o to_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o punishment_n as_o well_o as_o reward_n to_o keep_v he_o to_o his_o duty_n thence_o arise_v a_o necessity_n of_o his_o deal_n with_o man_n as_o a_o legislator_n and_o of_o give_v he_o certain_a natural_a law_n or_o rule_n whereby_o to_o govern_v his_o action_n with_o certain_a penalty_n and_o reward_n annex_v to_o they_o which_o law_n may_v be_v very_o well_o contract_v into_o one_o single_a proposition_n or_o practical_a conclusion_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n our_o own_o nature_n and_o that_o of_o thing_n without_o we_o by_o the_o observation_n already_o lay_v down_o viz._n that_o god_n will_n or_o command_n that_o all_o reasonable_a person_n shall_v endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n as_o the_o great_a end_n for_o which_o they_o be_v create_v and_o in_o pursuance_n of_o which_o consist_v their_o own_o true_a good_a or_o happiness_n as_o in_o its_o neglect_n or_o violation_n their_o great_a misery_n §_o 2._o have_v give_v you_o this_o summary_n description_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o come_v from_o its_o first_o cause_n god_n i_o shall_v now_o explain_v the_o term_n therein_o contain_v to_o avoid_v all_o ambiguity_n and_o exception_n 1_o by_o will_n and_o command_n i_o do_v not_o mean_v any_o command_n by_o word_n that_o be_v the_o method_n of_o god_n reveal_v and_o not_o natural_a will_n and_o so_o be_v not_o the_o subject_a of_o this_o discourse_n and_o therefore_o i_o do_v here_o only_o understand_v that_o will_n or_o command_n of_o god_n which_o be_v to_o be_v learn_v from_o the_o consideration_n of_o his_o divine_a nature_n our_o own_o and_o that_o of_o all_o other_o thing_n consist_v not_o in_o word_n but_o in_o idea_n that_o be_v true_a conclusion_n draw_v from_o right_a reason_n but_o that_o word_n be_v not_o always_o essential_a to_o a_o law_n or_o that_o it_o can_v be_v make_v know_v to_o the_o subject_n without_o some_o set_a form_n of_o speech_n may_v appear_v by_o person_n bear_v deaf_a and_o dumb_a who_o we_o often_o find_v to_o have_v notion_n of_o a_o god_n and_o a_o law_n of_o nature_n though_o they_o be_v not_o convey_v in_o their_o mind_n by_o word_n or_o write_v for_o it_o be_v sufficient_a if_o the_o will_n of_o the_o legislator_n may_v be_v discover_v by_o any_o other_o sit_v mean_n or_o sign_n especial_o when_o as_o in_o this_o law_n we_o now_o treat_v of_o there_o be_v such_o certain_a reward_n and_o punishment_n annex_v to_o their_o observation_n or_o transgression_n as_o may_v make_v it_o their_o interest_n rather_o to_o observe_v than_o transgress_v they_o which_o be_v not_o only_o visible_a in_o man_n but_o brute_n since_o we_o see_v that_o by_o certain_a sign_n imprint_v in_o their_o mind_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o fit_a reward_n and_o correction_n elephant_n horse_n dog_n etc._n etc._n be_v make_v susceptible_a of_o humane_a command_n and_o as_o far_o as_o their_o nature_n permit_v be_v governable_a by_o law_n of_o our_o prescribe_v for_o we_o can_v show_v they_o by_o such_o sign_n what_o action_n be_v to_o be_v do_v or_o omit_v by_o they_o and_o certain_o god_n have_v not_o leave_v we_o less_o plain_a demonstration_n of_o his_o will_n in_o reference_n to_o our_o duty_n towards_o he_o from_o that_o knowledge_n he_o have_v give_v we_o of_o his_o existence_n as_o also_o of_o our_o own_o nature_n as_o i_o shall_v far_o prove_v in_o this_o discourse_n by_o rational_a person_n i_o mean_v all_o those_o though_o of_o never_o so_o mean_a a_o capacity_n who_o be_v able_a to_o make_v such_o easy_a and_o natural_a observation_n and_o conclusion_n as_o i_o have_v already_o lay_v down_o and_o therefore_o child_n under_o the_o year_n of_o discretion_n idiot_n and_o mad-folk_n be_v still_o to_o be_v except_v from_o this_o law_n who_o not_o have_v the_o actual_a use_n of_o right_a reason_n be_v not_o able_a to_o draw_v those_o observation_n and_o consequence_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n as_o be_v already_o lay_v down_o and_o which_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o right_a understanding_n thereof_o by_o endeavour_n i_o mean_v all_o such_o voluntary_a action_n which_o person_n of_o sound_a mind_n can_v know_o and_o deliberate_o perform_v towards_o the_o good_a of_o other_o without_o destroy_v or_o hurt_v their_o own_o true_a happiness_n which_o endeavour_n though_o by_o many_o unforeseen_a accident_n in_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n they_o may_v be_v often_o frustrate_v and_o so_o fail_v of_o their_o intend_a design_n yet_o when_o we_o have_v do_v the_o utmost_a we_o be_v able_a we_o have_v sufficient_o perform_v our_o duty_n since_o no_o law_n require_v the_o performance_n of_o more_o than_o be_v in_o our_o power_n to_o perform_v by_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n i_o understand_v the_o collective_a happiness_n of_o the_o deity_n as_o the_o head_n of_o they_o and_o that_o of_o all_o the_o individual_a person_n of_o mankind_n exist_v together_o with_o we_o as_o the_o constituent_a part_n or_o member_n and_o in_o which_o each_o man_n be_v particular_a good_a and_o happiness_n be_v include_v since_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o endeavour_v the_o happiness_n of_o other_o as_o voluntary_a agent_n unless_o each_o particular_a person_n who_o duty_n it_o be_v so_o to_o do_v have_v first_o a_o right_a to_o preserve_v and_o make_v himself_o happy_a joint_o with_o other_o in_o his_o proportion_n to_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o mankind_n by_o true_a good_a or_o happiness_n i_o mean_v all_o those_o good_n whether_o of_o body_n or_o mind_n by_o which_o man_n may_v be_v render_v true_o happy_a and_o content_v in_o this_o life_n and_o in_o that_o to_o come_v but_o in_o which_o whenever_o the_o former_a stand_n in_o competition_n with_o the_o latter_a the_o good_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v that_o be_v the_o good_a of_o our_o better_a or_o eternal_a part_n before_o that_o of_o our_o body_n which_o be_v less_o valuable_a and_o temporal_a but_o i_o need_v add_v nothing_o here_o to_o prove_v that_o god_n be_v the_o head_n of_o all_o rational_a being_n and_o in_o what_o sense_n we_o may_v be_v say_v to_o procure_v or_o endeavour_v his_o good_a and_o happiness_n since_o i_o have_v speak_v so_o large_o of_o that_o in_o the_o preface_n to_o this_o discourse_n and_o as_o for_o the_o difference_n between_o natural_a and_o moral_a good_a i_o have_v say_v so_o much_o concern_v it_o in_o the_o second_o part_n in_o the_o confutation_n of_o mr._n h_n six_o principle_n that_o by_o nature_n nothing_o be_v good_a or_o evil_a that_o it_o will_v be_v impertinent_a to_o repeat_v it_o here_o i_o shall_v now_o prove_v that_o this_o proposition_n contain_v this_o description_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v true_a that_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o will_n of_o god_n as_o far_o as_o it_o be_v declare_v to_o we_o by_o what_o we_o be_v able_a to_o know_v of_o his_o divine_a nature_n or_o can_v collect_v from_o our_o own_o and_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o thing_n without_o we_o and_o that_o all_o the_o moral_a duty_n we_o owe_v either_o to_o god_n ourselves_o or_o other_o be_v contain_v in_o or_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o this_o one_o proposition_n of_o our_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n in_o order_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o these_o proposition_n §_o 3._o 1._o that_o god_n in_o the_o first_o place_n will_n and_o intend_v his_o own_o glory_n and_o service_n and_o in_o the_o next_o the_o good_a and_o preservation_n of_o all_o mankind_n and_o of_o all_o particular_a person_n
i_o if_o i_o think_v fit_a unless_o he_o be_v endue_v with_o sufficient_a power_n to_o vindicate_v the_o neglect_n or_o contempt_n of_o his_o authority_n therefore_o the_o strict_a sanction_n which_o any_o sovereign_a power_n can_v give_v unto_o its_o law_n be_v when_o it_o be_v not_o only_o able_a but_o have_v also_o sufficient_o declare_v that_o it_o will_v confer_v a_o sufficient_a share_n of_o good_a thing_n or_o reward_n for_o so_o do_v and_o of_o evil_n or_o punishment_n upon_o any_o breach_n or_o neglect_v of_o its_o command_n so_o though_o i_o grant_v the_o whole_a force_n of_o this_o obligation_n be_v proper_o resolve_v into_o the_o will_n of_o the_o legislator_n or_o those_o to_o who_o the_o custody_n of_o these_o law_n be_v commit_v all_o which_o be_v include_v in_o this_o law_n of_o nature_n since_o we_o find_v god_n command_v it_o to_o who_o we_o ought_v to_o yield_v absolute_a obedience_n though_o not_o in_o right_a of_o his_o irresistible_a power_n alone_o but_o rather_o as_o he_o have_v by_o his_o eternal_a wisdom_n and_o goodness_n in_o his_o creation_n and_o preservation_n of_o we_o a_o absolute_a dominion_n over_o and_o a_o undoubted_a right_n to_o command_v we_o and_o consequent_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o yield_v obedience_n to_o his_o law_n as_o they_o be_v not_o only_o high_o reasonable_a be_v ordain_v for_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n but_o be_v also_o establish_v by_o sufficient_a reward_n and_o punishment_n but_o since_o the_o former_a seem_v more_o plain_o declare_v to_o mankind_n and_o be_v likewise_o more_o agreeable_a to_o our_o rational_a nature_n which_o shall_v rather_o delight_v to_o be_v allure_v by_o reward_n than_o terrify_v by_o punishment_n i_o shall_v first_o begin_v with_o the_o natural_a reward_n annex_v to_o the_o observation_n of_o this_o great_a law_n of_o nature_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a which_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o internal_a or_o external_n that_o be_v either_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o soul_n alone_o or_o to_o the_o body_n and_o the_o soul_n joint_o consider_v judice_fw-la to_o his_o health_n do_v so_o much_o indulge_v his_o genius_n as_o to_o keep_v a_o table_n above_o his_o estate_n and_o thereby_o become_v unable_a to_o provide_v for_o his_o family_n or_o to_o contribute_v to_o the_o public_a charge_n of_o the_o commonweal_n he_o be_v high_o guilty_a of_o intemperance_n though_o perhaps_o he_o may_v do_v it_o without_o any_o prejudice_n to_o his_o health_n §_o 18._o and_o as_o for_o that_o other_o sort_n of_o temperance_n call_v chastity_n or_o continence_n i_o need_v not_o far_o to_o declare_v how_o much_o the_o common_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n depend_v upon_o it_o have_v already_o show_v divers_a of_o those_o evil_n and_o inconvenience_n that_o do_v necessary_o follow_v the_o contrary_a vice_n i_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o the_o commission_n of_o this_o offence_n of_o incontinence_n make_v a_o man_n guilty_a of_o another_o sin_n as_o well_o as_o his_o own_o therefore_o i_o define_v chastity_n to_o be_v the_o abstain_v from_o all_o inordinate_a or_o forbid_a lust_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a or_o for_o the_o propagation_n of_o mankind_n and_o therefore_o be_v not_o only_o confine_v to_o the_o bare_a forbid_v of_o fornication_n but_o also_o extend_v itself_o to_o that_o moral_a obligation_n or_o contract_n which_o we_o call_v marriage_n so_o that_o out_o of_o a_o consideration_n of_o this_o great_a end_n those_o promiscuous_a copulation_n between_o brother_n and_o sister_n and_o divers_a other_o near_a relation_n which_o upon_o the_o first_o people_n of_o the_o world_n be_v lawful_a because_o then_o necessary_a for_o the_o propagation_n of_o mankind_n be_v now_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n become_v unlawful_a since_o without_o a_o abhorrence_n of_o this_o copulation_n between_o brother_n and_o sister_n it_o be_v hard_a if_o not_o impossible_a that_o the_o chastity_n of_o such_o young_a person_n converse_v so_o constant_o and_o intimate_o together_o from_o their_o youth_n shall_v be_v otherwise_o preserve_v without_o a_o early_a prepossession_n of_o the_o horror_n of_o such_o promiscuous_a copulation_n and_o hence_o also_o i_o suppose_v that_o natural_a reason_n teach_v most_o nation_n after_o mankind_n begin_v to_o be_v multiply_v upon_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o memory_n of_o their_o first_o original_a relation_n they_o have_v to_o each_o other_o to_o be_v forget_v to_o prohibit_v marriage_n between_o near_a relation_n that_o by_o this_o mean_v new_a friendship_n and_o strict_a bond_n of_o amity_n shall_v be_v contract_v between_o family_n and_o person_n not_o near_o relate_v in_o blood_n from_o whence_o a_o large_a diffusion_n of_o friendship_n and_o kindness_n proceed_v from_o this_o relation_n may_v be_v spread_v among_o person_n not_o only_o of_o the_o same_o commonweal_n but_o of_o divers_a nation_n and_o also_o that_o those_o faction_n and_o enmity_n which_o will_v often_o happen_v between_o particular_a man_n and_o family_n be_v they_o only_o to_o marry_v into_o their_o own_o clan_n or_o tribe_n may_v be_v prevent_v or_o if_o begin_v may_v by_o fresh_a alliance_n be_v reconcile_v and_o take_v away_o so_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o virtue_n of_o chastity_n or_o continence_n can_v no_o way_n be_v true_o explain_v or_o understand_v without_o a_o true_a knowledge_n of_o the_o end_n for_o which_o it_o be_v ordain_v viz._n the_o common_a peace_n happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n §_o 19_o i_o shall_v only_o add_v somewhat_o more_o concern_v that_o other_o sort_n of_o temperance_n relate_v to_o our_o seek_v after_o and_o acquire_v those_o outward_a good_n often_o conduce_v though_o not_o absolute_o necessary_a to_o our_o well_o be_v viz._n riches_n and_o honour_n and_o therefore_o the_o same_o general_a law_n which_o limit_n our_o love_n towards_o ourselves_o in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a ought_v also_o from_o the_o same_o consideration_n to_o limit_v and_o regulate_v our_o desire_n both_o in_o acquire_v and_o keep_v these_o advantage_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v to_o be_v seek_v for_o to_o no_o other_o end_n than_o as_o they_o may_v render_v we_o more_o capable_a of_o promote_a the_o great_a end_n abovementioned_a and_o to_o which_o they_o ought_v always_o to_o be_v subordinate_a the_o former_a of_o these_o virtue_n relate_v to_o riches_n be_v call_v moderation_n which_o be_v a_o limit_v care_n in_o acquire_v and_o keep_v riches_n of_o which_o i_o need_v speak_v no_o far_o have_v sufficient_o show_v the_o measure_n and_o reason_n of_o it_o when_o i_o define_v liberality_n and_o frugality_n with_o their_o opposite_a vice_n the_o other_o sort_n of_o temperance_n relate_v to_o honour_n be_v call_v modesty_n and_o may_v be_v define_v a_o justice_n towards_o ourselves_o in_o a_o reasonable_a desire_n of_o honour_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a and_o therefore_o consist_v in_o a_o due_a mediocrity_n as_o well_o in_o desire_v honour_n as_o avoid_v infamy_n and_o this_o virtue_n as_o it_o curb_v the_o desire_n from_o seek_v high_a thing_n than_o the_o person_n real_o deserve_v or_o may_v well_o pretend_v to_o in_o order_n to_o this_o great_a end_n be_v call_v humility_n which_o be_v a_o low_a or_o true_a esteem_n of_o a_o man_n self_n or_o personal_a merit_n but_o as_o this_o desire_n of_o the_o common_a good_a often_o elevate_v the_o mind_n to_o the_o perform_n of_o great_a and_o noble_a action_n whereby_o he_o may_v acquire_v the_o high_a honour_n it_o be_v then_o call_v magnanimity_n and_o therefore_o the_o magnanimous_a be_v still_o suppose_a to_o be_v endue_v with_o perfect_a virtue_n and_o a_o most_o large_a desire_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n as_o believe_v he_o have_v reason_n to_o judge_v himself_o worthy_a of_o any_o honour_n that_o he_o can_v just_o pretend_v to_o and_o i_o suppose_v every_o man_n be_v sensible_a that_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o same_o virtue_n not_o only_o to_o seek_v for_o true_a honour_n but_o also_o to_o take_v care_n to_o preserve_v it_o when_o it_o be_v obtain_v and_o from_o the_o consideration_n of_o these_o virtue_n the_o contrary_a vice_n be_v more_o easy_o understand_v for_o pride_n be_v direct_o opposite_a both_o to_o magnanimity_n and_o humility_n show_v itself_o in_o a_o preposterous_a ambition_n foolish_a arrogance_n or_o vainglory_n and_o so_o pusillanimity_n or_o meanness_n of_o spirit_n be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o magnanimity_n §_o 20._o thus_o we_o have_v run_v through_o almost_o all_o the_o particular_a virtue_n and_o do_v still_o find_v in_o each_o of_o they_o a_o constant_a respect_n or_o tendency_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n so_o that_o whether_o they_o regard_v ourselves_o or_o other_o the_o same_o great_a end_n be_v still_o intend_a by_o god_n the_o most_o wife_n legislator_n and_o this_o law_n be_v thus_o
health_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n so_o from_o the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o order_n of_o divers_a subordinate_a good_n and_o the_o proportion_n which_o any_o one_o of_o they_o bear_v to_o the_o common_a or_o great_a good_a may_v easy_o be_v deduce_v how_o much_o the_o wellbeing_a or_o happiness_n of_o every_o single_a person_n may_v contribute_v to_o that_o of_o the_o whole_a family_n the_o felicity_n of_o a_o family_n to_o that_o of_o a_o commonwealth_n that_o of_o a_o common-weal_n to_o the_o happiness_n of_o all_o nation_n and_o of_o all_o these_o consider_v together_o what_o proportion_n they_o may_v bear_v to_o the_o common_a felicity_n of_o mankind_n so_o that_o hence_o you_o may_v be_v easy_o satisfy_v how_o much_o the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o one_o truth_n conduce_v to_o our_o right_a prosecution_n of_o this_o great_a end_n and_o indeed_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n §_o 25._o last_o which_o yet_o ought_v rather_o to_o have_v be_v put_v in_o the_o first_o place_n of_o all_o let_v we_o consider_v the_o chief_a and_o principal_n of_o all_o the_o moral_a virtue_n love_n or_o piety_n towards_o god_n express_v in_o all_o the_o act_n of_o divine_a worship_n as_o prayer_n praise_n thanksgiving_n etc._n etc._n this_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o virtue_n since_o it_o do_v that_o which_o be_v high_o grateful_a and_o please_a to_o god_n the_o head_n of_o all_o rational_a being_n and_o speak_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o we_o man_n perform_v somewhat_o good_a and_o agreeable_a to_o his_o divine_a nature_n and_o which_o also_o in_o respect_n of_o ourselves_o make_v we_o most_o happy_a not_o only_o by_o render_v the_o deity_n propitious_a to_o we_o but_o also_o by_o a_o near_a spiritual_a approach_n and_o conversation_n with_o it_o in_o those_o holy_a exercise_n it_o put_v we_o in_o the_o happy_a state_n we_o can_v be_v capable_a of_o in_o this_o mortal_a life_n and_o so_o make_v we_o more_o able_a to_o perform_v the_o great_a end_n of_o our_o creation_n viz._n our_o contribute_v to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n §_o 26._o i_o have_v be_v the_o large_a in_o lay_v down_o and_o explain_v this_o law_n as_o a_o measure_n or_o standard_n of_o all_o good_a action_n to_o the_o end_n that_o we_o shall_v esteem_v all_o good_a or_o evil_a not_o as_o it_o more_o or_o less_o profit_n or_o hurt_v our_o own_o particular_a body_n alone_o but_o as_o it_o may_v more_o or_o less_o add_v to_o or_o detract_v from_o this_o common_a good_a so_o that_o in_o compare_v of_o all_o good_n together_o whether_o natural_a or_o moral_a we_o ought_v still_o to_o look_v upon_o that_o as_o the_o great_a good_n which_o conferr_v most_o and_o that_o to_o be_v the_o least_o which_o contribute_v least_o to_o this_o great_a end_n which_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v desire_v or_o prosecute_v by_o we_o with_o proportionable_a affection_n and_o endeavour_n from_o whence_o also_o may_v be_v draw_v a_o general_a and_o powerful_a remedy_n against_o all_o those_o inordinate_a passion_n proceed_v from_o excessive_a self-love_n by_o which_o man_n be_v most_o common_o draw_v to_o hurt_v or_o injure_v other_o for_o a_o man_n who_o thus_o govern_v himself_o will_v not_o extravagant_o desire_v any_o of_o these_o outward_a thing_n nor_o suffer_v his_o soul_n to_o be_v disturb_v by_o the_o consciousness_n of_o any_o crime_n who_o judge_n nothing_o true_o good_a but_o what_o real_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n §_o 27._o thus_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v demonstrate_v the_o true_a reason_n and_o ground_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a or_o of_o virtue_n and_o vice_n and_o have_v endeavour_v to_o render_v moral_a philosophy_n or_o the_o true_a knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n a_o practical_a science_n and_o not_o mere_o speculative_a or_o notional_a like_o that_o of_o the_o stoic_n who_o whilst_o they_o allow_v nothing_o to_o be_v real_o good_a but_o virtue_n or_o evil_a except_o vice_n and_o keep_v such_o a_o pother_n to_o extol_v the_o real_a good_a of_o the_o former_a and_o declaim_v against_o the_o certain_a evil_n of_o the_o latter_a yet_o by_o not_o give_v we_o the_o true_a reason_n or_o ground_n why_o virtue_n shall_v be_v embrace_v and_o vice_n avoid_v they_o render_v their_o philosophy_n mere_o speculative_a and_o only_o fit_a for_o those_o idle_a porch_n in_o which_o they_o declaim_v scarce_o have_v any_o far_a influence_n upon_o the_o action_n of_o life_n when_o either_o their_o own_o affection_n or_o any_o powerful_a outward_a temptation_n do_v at_o any_o time_n prompt_v they_o to_o act_v contrary_a thereunto_o for_o virtue_n be_v only_o to_o be_v esteem_v as_o the_o high_a or_o most_o perfect_a good_a not_o as_o it_o be_v a_o well-sounding_a word_n or_o that_o fill_v our_o mind_n with_o some_o vain_a empty_a notion_n but_o as_o it_o determine_v our_o action_n to_o their_o utmost_a influeence_n upon_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n which_o be_v the_o only_a true_a piety_n as_o consist_v in_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o command_n and_o will_v of_o god_n by_o the_o imitation_n of_o his_o divine_a goodness_n and_o beneficence_n §_o 28._o so_o that_o i_o shall_v conclude_v this_o chapter_n with_o dr._n parker_n excellent_a consideration_n on_o this_o subject_a and_o which_o being_n better_a than_o any_o thing_n that_o i_o can_v now_o think_v of_o i_o shall_v make_v bold_a to_o give_v it_o you_o almost_o in_o his_o own_o word_n 23._o with_o a_o little_a alteration_n so_o that_o it_o be_v now_o demonstrative_o certain_a by_o induction_n of_o particular_n according_a to_o the_o method_n we_o have_v now_o take_v that_o every_o virtue_n have_v some_o natural_a efficacy_n to_o promote_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n and_o be_v no_o otherwise_o a_o virtue_n but_o as_o it_o contribute_v to_o this_o great_a end_n and_o that_o each_o man_n be_v true_a private_a interest_n and_o happiness_n be_v therein_o contain_v and_o inseparable_o connect_v with_o it_o by_o the_o necessary_a order_n of_o nature_n i._n e_o by_o the_o contrivance_n and_o wisdom_n of_o divine_a providence_n so_o that_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o evident_a than_o that_o its_o author_n command_v all_o his_o rational_a creature_n that_o be_v capable_a of_o any_o knowledge_n of_o his_o will_n and_o sense_n of_o their_o duty_n to_o act_v suitable_o to_o that_o order_n of_o thing_n which_o he_o have_v establish_v in_o the_o world_n and_o to_o that_o declaration_n of_o his_o will_n which_o he_o have_v make_v by_o that_o establishment_n in_o order_n to_o the_o bring_n about_o this_o great_a end_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n chap._n v._n contain_v a_o answer_n to_o such_o objection_n as_o may_v be_v make_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n thus_o explain_v and_o reduce_v into_o this_o proposition_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n with_o a_o conclusion_n prove_v this_o to_o be_v the_o sum_n of_o all_o law_n whether_o natural_a or_o reveal_v §_o 1._o since_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o man_n who_o according_a to_o their_o several_a principle_n and_o inclination_n may_v make_v different_a objection_n against_o this_o our_o method_n of_o prove_v and_o deduce_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o contract_v it_o into_o this_o sing'e_v easy_a proposition_n of_o our_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n i_o shall_v therefore_o divide_v they_o into_o platonist_n or_o epicurean_o those_o who_o put_v the_o whole_a stress_n of_o their_o belief_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n upon_o innate_a idea_n or_o principle_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a impress_v by_o god_n upon_o man_n soul_n and_o who_o i_o doubt_v not_o may_v have_v a_o true_a zeal_n though_o without_o knowledge_n for_o this_o common_a good_a which_o be_v more_o than_o i_o can_v promise_v for_o those_o who_o falâ—ing_v into_o the_o other_o extreme_a will_v not_o acknowledge_v that_o we_o can_v have_v any_o true_a or_o certain_a notion_n or_o idea_n of_o this_o common_a good_a so_o as_o to_o make_v it_o the_o main_a end_n of_o all_o our_o action_n i_o shall_v therefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n consider_v those_o objection_n that_o may_v be_v make_v by_o the_o former_a sort_n of_o man_n who_o first_o objection_n may_v be_v this_o that_o it_o be_v most_o suitable_a to_o the_o goodness_n of_o god_n to_o imprint_v upon_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n certain_a character_n and_o notion_n of_o himself_o and_o also_o of_o those_o moral_a duty_n which_o he_o require_v of_o they_o and_o not_o to_o leave_v they_o in_o the_o dark_a and_o in_o doubt_n about_o thing_n of_o so_o great_a a_o concernment_n to_o they_o since_o by_o that_o mean_v he_o will_v not_o only_o have_v secure_v himself_o of_o that_o worship_n and_o veneration_n which_o be_v due_a from_o so_o intelligent_a a_o creature_n as_o man_n
but_o those_o in_o the_o second_o etc._n etc._n in_o answer_n to_o which_o i_o grant_v indeed_o that_o particular_a person_n when_o they_o join_v with_o other_o in_o any_o society_n or_o company_n do_v usual_o consider_v some_o peculiar_a end_n either_o of_o profit_n or_o pleasure_n which_o may_v thence_o redound_v to_o themselves_o yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o man_n be_v not_o a_o creature_n design_v by_o god_n for_o society_n or_o that_o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o right_a reason_n to_o be_v friendly_a and_o sociable_a even_o to_o those_o from_o who_o no_o present_a advantage_n can_v be_v expect_v for_o though_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o man_n either_o from_o a_o peculiar_a agreement_n of_o disposition_n or_o that_o they_o suppose_v they_o can_v soon_o obtain_v some_o particular_a end_n or_o advantage_n in_o some_o man_n conversation_n than_o other_o and_o do_v therefore_o prefer_v such_o man_n company_n before_o other_o yet_o do_v not_o this_o prove_v that_o man_n be_v not_o natural_o a_o sociable_a creature_n since_o he_o himself_o grant_v that_o man_n can_v neither_o live_v comfortable_o nor_o be_v so_o much_o as_o breed_v up_o or_o preserve_v without_o the_o help_n and_o society_n of_o other_o therefore_o if_o he_o be_v determine_v to_o the_o end_n viz._n happiness_n and_o self-preservation_n he_o be_v likewise_o as_o necessary_o determine_v to_o the_o mean_n viz._n society_n and_o his_o inclination_n to_o this_o or_o that_o man_n company_n more_o than_o other_o be_v no_o more_o a_o argument_n against_o our_o nature_n require_v society_n than_o if_o i_o shall_v argue_v that_o because_o i_o love_v mutton_n better_o than_o veal_n therefore_o it_o be_v not_o from_o my_o nature_n but_o only_o by_o accident_n that_o i_o be_o ordain_v to_o preserve_v my_o life_n by_o eat_v and_o as_o for_o the_o instance_n which_o he_o give_v to_o let_v we_o see_v with_o what_o intent_n man_n meet_v together_o from_o what_o man_n do_v when_o they_o be_v meet_v it_o be_v plain_a that_o mr._n h._n here_o confound_v that_o natural_a society_n which_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a for_o man_n preservation_n with_o these_o particular_a club_n or_o company_n which_o man_n keep_v for_o their_o great_a pleasure_n or_o advantage_n and_o though_o i_o have_v already_o grant_v that_o some_o man_n particular_a profit_n or_o pleasure_n may_v be_v promote_v or_o increase_v by_o frequent_v some_o man_n company_n rather_o than_o other_o as_o suppose_v there_o be_v a_o great_a agreement_n of_o disposition_n or_o that_o we_o have_v be_v more_o use_v to_o this_o or_o that_o man_n company_n by_o education_n or_o long_a acquaintance_n etc._n etc._n and_o though_o it_o be_v likewise_o grant_v that_o a_o man_n do_v more_o frequent_a their_o company_n among_o who_o he_o find_v most_o honour_n and_o profit_n since_o every_o man_n may_v lawful_o pursue_v his_o own_o pleasure_n and_o advantage_n if_o he_o know_v right_o how_o to_o judge_v of_o it_o yet_o this_o do_v not_o at_o all_o contradict_v man_n sociable_a nature_n provide_v the_o common_a bond_n of_o society_n be_v not_o break_v and_o disturb_v by_o any_o man_n more_o particular_a interest_n or_o inclination_n and_o god_n have_v not_o so_o design_v we_o to_o good_a for_o other_o as_o that_o we_o shall_v neglect_v all_o care_n of_o ourselves_o but_o that_o this_o sociableness_n be_v therefore_o to_o be_v observe_v by_o mankind_n that_o by_o a_o mutual_a communication_n of_o humane_a assistance_n and_o other_o natural_a good_n between_o divers_a person_n we_o may_v more_o convenient_o promote_v our_o own_o pleasure_n or_o advantage_n joint_o with_o that_o of_o other_o since_o a_o mutual_a love_n and_o benevolence_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v among_o man_n though_o not_o otherwise_o relate_v to_o each_o other_o than_o by_o the_o common_a relation_n of_o humanity_n and_o with_o who_o we_o may_v preserve_v a_o sufficient_a concord_n by_o do_v they_o good_a rather_o than_o hurt_v whenever_o it_o lie_v in_o our_o power_n and_o though_o a_o man_n when_o he_o join_v himself_o with_o some_o particular_a company_n will_v in_o the_o first_o place_n consider_v his_o own_o pleasure_n or_o profit_n before_o that_o of_o his_o companion_n yet_o ought_v he_o not_o so_o to_o consult_v his_o private_a advantage_n as_o that_o the_o good_a of_o the_o civil_a society_n or_o of_o mankind_n in_o general_n be_v thereby_o prejudice_v by_o injure_v any_o of_o its_o particular_a member_n and_o a_o man_n as_o well_o in_o natural_a as_o moral_a and_o civil_a action_n may_v propose_v his_o own_o pleasure_n or_o profit_n in_o the_o first_o place_n though_o he_o may_v also_o intend_v some_o high_a or_o noble_a end_n of_o his_o thus_o act_v thus_o a_o man_n who_o intend_v to_o marry_v may_v lawful_o propose_v to_o himself_o his_o own_o pleasure_n and_o satisfaction_n though_o the_o great_a end_n of_o marriage_n and_o which_o he_o may_v also_o chief_o intend_v be_v the_o propagation_n of_o mankind_n so_o likewise_o a_o master_n or_o tutor_n that_o instruct_v other_o may_v lawful_o propose_v to_o himself_o his_o own_o profit_n or_o advantage_n thereby_o though_o he_o may_v also_o ultimate_o intend_v the_o instruction_n of_o his_o scholar_n or_o pupil_n that_o be_v the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n as_o the_o great_a end_n of_o his_o take_v that_o profession_n so_o likewise_o in_o civil_a society_n or_o commonwealth_n a_o man_n may_v propose_v to_o himself_o his_o own_o security_n profit_n or_o honour_n as_o a_o reason_n why_o he_o bestow_v his_o time_n and_o labour_n or_o venture_v his_o life_n in_o the_o service_n of_o the_o public_a and_o yet_o he_o may_v far_o propose_v to_o himself_o the_o love_n of_o his_o country_n or_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n as_o the_o great_a end_n of_o his_o action_n §_o 6._o so_o that_o it_o be_v to_o little_a purpose_n which_o mr._n h._n allege_v that_o the_o original_n of_o the_o great_a and_o most_o last_a society_n to_o wit_n commonwealth_n do_v not_o proceed_v from_o mutual_a goodwill_n but_o mutual_a fear_n the_o word_n fear_v be_v use_v for_o any_o foresight_n or_o precaution_n of_o a_o future_a evil._n for_o we_o be_v not_o here_o consider_v the_o original_n of_o civil_a society_n but_o of_o that_o natural_a sociableness_n among_o man_n which_o we_o look_v upon_o as_o most_o necessary_a and_o agreeable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n though_o some_o particular_a man_n be_v also_o sensible_a how_o obnoxious_a they_o be_v to_o the_o injury_n of_o those_o who_o seek_v their_o own_o pleasure_n or_o profit_n without_o any_o consideration_n of_o the_o interest_n or_o good_a of_o other_o do_v to_o prevent_v they_o unite_v themselves_o together_o in_o that_o strict_a league_n of_o amity_n call_v civil_a society_n so_o that_o this_o common_a amity_n or_o benevolence_n can_v be_v omit_v to_o be_v first_o suppose_v even_o in_o the_o very_a constitution_n of_o common_a wealth_n since_o those_o who_o found_v they_o must_v have_v be_v before_o unite_v either_o by_o some_o natural_a relation_n and_o a_o mutual_a confidence_n in_o or_o benevolence_n towards_o each_o other_o although_o perhaps_o other_o might_n afterward_o out_o of_o fear_n of_o their_o power_n or_o a_o like_n of_o their_o government_n be_v compel_v or_o allure_v to_o join_v or_o associate_v themselves_o with_o they_o §_o 7._o but_o as_o for_o those_o instance_n mr._n h._n give_v we_o of_o those_o that_o seek_v society_n only_o to_o censure_v the_o life_n and_o action_n of_o other_o man_n thereby_o to_o gain_v glory_n to_o themselves_o from_o the_o folly_n or_o infirmity_n of_o those_o they_o converse_v with_o such_o sort_n of_o conversation_n consist_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o some_o idle_a ill-natured_a man_n who_o count_v themselves_o wit_n and_o have_v little_a else_o to_o do_v but_o to_o speak_v ill_o of_o and_o censure_v other_o do_v not_o concern_v the_o major_a part_n of_o mankind_n who_o need_v each_o other_o society_n for_o more_o necessary_a occasion_n have_v common_o other_o business_n to_o discourse_v of_o when_o they_o meet_v §_o 8._o as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o those_o thing_n he_o say_v that_o the_o necessary_n of_o life_n may_v be_v much_o better_o procure_v by_o dominion_n over_o than_o by_o the_o society_n of_o other_o that_o be_v altogether_o false_a and_o precarious_a since_o no_o man_n by_o his_o own_o single_a strength_n and_o without_o the_o voluntary_a help_n or_o society_n of_o other_o can_v ever_o yet_o subdue_v and_o make_v slave_n of_o all_o other_o man_n he_o meet_v with_o and_o therefore_o if_o any_o man_n ever_o increase_v his_o natural_a power_n or_o advantage_n over_o other_o it_o be_v not_o by_o virtue_n of_o his_o own_o sole_a power_n or_o strength_n but_o by_o man_n deference_n to_o his_o valour_n or_o virtue_n when_o they_o choose_v he_o for_o their_o head_n or_o leader_n or_o
for_o any_o man_n to_o hurt_v or_o kill_v any_o other_o person_n who_o have_v educate_v or_o maintain_v he_o or_o otherwise_o high_o oblige_v he_o since_o the_o same_o law_n of_o gratitude_n that_o make_v it_o injurious_a to_o hurt_v or_o murder_v his_o father_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n do_v also_o command_v the_o like_a duty_n towards_o any_o other_o benefactor_n §_o 4._o but_o his_o argument_n in_o his_o leviathan_n be_v much_o more_o false_a and_o precarious_a when_o he_o argue_v that_o where_o there_o be_v no_o common_a power_n there_o be_v no_o law_n and_o where_o there_o be_v no_o law_n there_o be_v no_o injustice_n all_o which_o he_o bring_v to_o prove_v the_o necessity_n of_o his_o natural_a state_n of_o war._n for_o first_o though_o i_o grant_v where_o there_o be_v no_o common_a power_n that_o be_v no_o legislator_n there_o be_v no_o law_n yet_o that_o be_v not_o true_a of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n since_o if_o they_o proceed_v from_o god_n as_o a_o legislator_n as_o i_o hope_v we_o have_v prove_v in_o the_o precedent_a discourse_n they_o be_v true_o law_n before_o any_o civil_a power_n be_v institute_v to_o make_v law_n or_o to_o see_v they_o observe_v and_o consequent_o that_o it_o be_v the_o high_a injury_n and_o injustice_n to_o take_v away_o any_o thing_n from_o other_o be_v innocent_a and_o do_v we_o no_o hurt_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o life_n or_o preservation_n which_o they_o be_v already_o possess_v of_o and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o justice_n and_o injustice_n be_v no_o natural_a faculty_n of_o the_o mind_n yet_o right_a reason_n be_v from_o whence_o all_o justice_n be_v deduce_v and_o which_o a_o man_n be_v always_o bind_v to_o exercise_v as_o soon_o as_o he_o become_v capable_a of_o be_v a_o member_n of_o humane_a society_n i_o do_v not_o mean_v a_o civil_a one_o and_o if_o there_o be_v a_o natural_a equity_n as_o this_o author_n acknowledge_v de_fw-fr cive_z cap._n 14._o §_o 14._o there_o be_v likewise_o a_o natural_a justice_n and_o injustice_n too_o but_o i_o shall_v say_v more_o of_o this_o in_o the_o next_o principle_n principle_n vi._n that_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n there_o be_v nothing_o good_a or_o evil._n §_o 1._o i_o shall_v here_o give_v you_o mr._n h_n opinion_n and_o his_o reason_n for_o it_o in_o his_o own_o word_n as_o they_o be_v in_o his_o leviathan_n cap._n 6._o whatsoever_o be_v the_o object_n of_o any_o man_n appetite_n or_o desire_v that_o be_v it_o which_o he_o for_o his_o part_n call_v good_a and_o the_o object_n of_o his_o hate_n and_o aversion_n evil_a and_o of_o his_o contempt_n vile_a and_o inconsiderable_a for_o these_o word_n of_o good_a evil_a and_o contemptible_a be_v ever_o use_v with_o relation_n to_o the_o person_n that_o use_v they_o there_o be_v nothing_o simple_o and_o absolute_o so_o nor_o any_o common_a rule_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a to_o be_v take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o object_n themselves_o but_o from_o the_o person_n of_o the_o man_n where_o there_o be_v no_o commonwealth_n or_o in_o a_o commonwealth_n from_o the_o person_n that_o represent_v it_o or_o from_o a_o arbitrator_n or_o judge_n who_o man_n by_o disagree_v shall_v by_o consent_n set_v up_o and_o make_v his_o sentence_n the_o rule_n thereof_o he_o speak_v to_o the_o same_o effect_n in_o all_o his_o other_o work_n as_o in_o de_fw-fr cive_z cap._n 4._o §_o 17._o in_o his_o de_fw-fr homine_fw-la cap._n 11._o which_o it_o be_v tedious_a here_o to_o repeat_v and_o therefore_o i_o refer_v you_o to_o the_o place_n i_o have_v here_o cite_v §_o 2._o but_o this_o he_o endeavour_v physical_o to_o explain_v in_o his_o little_a treatise_n of_o humane_a nature_n cap._n 7._o §_o 1._o compare_v with_o chap._n 3._o where_o he_o suppose_v that_o the_o motion_n in_o which_o consist_v the_o conception_n of_o thing_n without_o any_o intervention_n of_o the_o judgement_n pass_v from_o the_o brain_n to_o the_o heart_n and_o as_o it_o there_o hinder_v or_o help_v its_o vital_a motion_n it_o be_v say_v to_o please_v or_o displease_v but_o that_o which_o so_o please_v any_o one_o he_o call_v good_a and_o that_o which_o displease_v he_o evil_a and_o hence_o from_o the_o diversity_n of_o constitution_n or_o temperament_n there_o be_v divers_a opinion_n of_o good_a that_o be_v natural_o and_o necessary_o so_o and_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n unblamable_o from_o his_o opinion_n that_o judge_v it_o §_o 3._o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o mr._n h._n have_v write_v more_o loose_o and_o unlike_o a_o philosopher_n than_o these_o unstable_a opinion_n both_o of_o natural_a and_o moral_a good_a and_o evil._n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a moment_n to_o have_v a_o fix_a and_o constant_a notion_n of_o good_a because_o as_o long_o as_o this_o be_v fluctuate_a and_o uncertain_a all_o knowledge_n of_o our_o true_a felicity_n which_o be_v the_o great_a good_a of_o every_o man_n as_o also_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o of_o all_o particular_a virtue_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o mean_n and_o cause_n of_o obtain_v this_o good_a will_v be_v likewise_o various_a wander_a and_o uncertain_a §_o 4._o therefore_o although_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o because_o of_o some_o peculiarity_n in_o the_o divers_a temperament_n of_o man_n it_o sometime_o happen_v that_o one_o sort_n of_o diet_n or_o medicine_n may_v be_v hurtful_a to_o one_o which_o may_v not_o prove_v so_o to_o another_o yea_o which_o experience_n have_v approve_v not_o only_o to_o be_v innocent_a but_o wholesome_a for_o other_o something_o like_o which_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o genius_n and_o manner_n of_o nation_n quite_o different_a from_o other_o in_o some_o particular_a custom_n and_o constitution_n yet_o this_o do_v not_o any_o more_o take_v away_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o mankind_n concern_v the_o nature_n of_o good_a and_o its_o constituent_a part_n and_o degree_n than_o the_o small_a difference_n of_o man_n face_n take_v away_o the_o agreement_n between_o they_o in_o their_o common_a nature_n as_o man_n or_o that_o general_a likeness_n that_o be_v between_o they_o in_o the_o conformation_n and_o use_n of_o their_o principal_a part_n for_o sure_o there_o be_v no_o nation_n so_o barbauros_fw-la which_o will_v not_o own_o that_o there_o be_v great_a hope_n and_o satisfaction_n in_o love_v and_o obey_v god_n than_o in_o blaspheme_v and_o disobey_v of_o he_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o nation_n that_o be_v not_o sensible_a that_o filial_a duty_n towards_o parent_n gratitude_n to_o their_o benefactor_n love_n and_o kindness_n to_o their_o friend_n and_o neighbour_n fidelity_n in_o their_o promise_n and_o agreement_n be_v good_a and_o necessary_a for_o their_o own_o welfare_n and_o preservation_n and_o consequent_o of_o mankind_n no_o difference_n of_o temper_n make_v any_o man_n in_o his_o sense_n not_o perceive_v it_o to_o be_v good_a for_o all_o man_n that_o the_o life_n liberty_n estate_n and_o member_n of_o all_o innocent_a person_n shall_v be_v preserve_v and_o therefore_o that_o the_o kill_n or_o rob_v of_o they_o shall_v be_v everywhere_o prohibit_v under_o the_o most_o severe_a penalty_n or_o last_o what_o peculiar_a humour_n in_o man_n can_v make_v they_o not_o think_v it_o good_a and_o beneficial_a for_o particular_a family_n and_o nation_n that_o the_o conjugal_a fidelity_n of_o the_o marriagebed_n the_o chastity_n shall_v be_v preserve_v inviolated_a the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v concern_v the_o right_a of_o use_v and_o enjoy_v all_o those_o outward_a thing_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o life_n or_o conduce_v to_o our_o health_n fame_n honour_n the_o education_n of_o our_o child_n and_o the_o preservation_n of_o friendship_n since_o in_o their_o judgement_n concern_v the_o goodness_n of_o these_o thing_n about_o which_o the_o whole_a business_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o of_o most_o civil_a law_n be_v take_v up_o all_o rational_a man_n do_v as_o equal_o agree_v in_o their_o opinion_n as_o concern_v the_o whiteness_n of_o snow_n or_o the_o brightness_n of_o the_o sun_n though_o i_o do_v not_o lay_v the_o main_a stress_n of_o their_o obligation_n to_o these_o action_n on_o this_o general_a agreement_n since_o i_o have_v lay_v down_o contrary_a principle_n in_o the_o forego_n discourse_n §_o 5._o but_o i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o give_v you_o a_o more_o true_a and_o settle_a notion_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a both_o natural_a and_o moral_a i_o therefore_o define_v good_a in_o general_a to_o be_v that_o which_o preserve_v increase_v or_o perfect_v the_o faculty_n and_o power_n of_o one_o or_o more_o thing_n for_o by_o these_o effect_n that_o peculiar_a agreeableness_n of_o one_o thing_n with_o another_o declare_v itself_o to_o we_o and_o which_o be_v requisite_a to_o make_v any_o thing_n to_o be_v true_o call_v good_a for_o
ourselves_o when_o we_o be_v persuade_v to_o do_v our_o duty_n by_o a_o consideration_n of_o benefit_n already_o receive_v as_o when_o we_o do_v it_o for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v receive_v hereafter_o yea_o he_o seem_v to_o act_v more_o generous_o who_o be_v move_v to_o act_v for_o a_o good_a only_o in_o expectation_n than_o he_o who_o do_v as_o much_o for_o the_o like_a good_a thing_n which_o he_o already_o enjoy_v but_o this_o method_n which_o we_o have_v here_o take_v to_o reduce_v all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o this_o single_a proposition_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a seem_v the_o more_o convenient_a because_o its_o proof_n be_v more_o easy_a and_o expedite_a than_o that_o of_o so_o many_o rule_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v propose_v by_o philosopher_n and_o the_o memory_n will_v be_v less_o burden_v by_o the_o daily_a remembrance_n of_o this_o one_o proposition_n than_o of_o many_o especial_o when_o we_o be_v direct_v to_o it_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o common_a good_a as_o a_o measure_n whereby_o the_o judgement_n of_o any_o consider_a man_n may_v put_v bound_n to_o his_o own_o action_n and_o passion_n in_o the_o do_n of_o which_o all_o moral_a virtue_n consist_v and_o this_o work_n aristotle_n have_v recommend_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o every_o rational_a man_n in_o his_o definition_n of_o virtue_n though_o he_o have_v not_o indeed_o show_v we_o the_o rule_n of_o make_v this_o judgement_n whereas_o our_o proposition_n teach_v we_o that_o the_o rule_n be_v to_o be_v take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o best_a and_o great_a end_n that_o be_v respect_v be_v have_v to_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a system_n of_o rational_a being_n or_o of_o that_o commonwealth_n of_o which_o god_n be_v the_o head_n and_o all_o the_o member_n be_v his_o subject_n and_o from_o this_o principle_n be_v also_o to_o be_v derive_v that_o order_n or_o preference_n among_o all_o the_o particular_a law_n of_o nature_n according_a to_o which_o the_o former_a do_v still_o retain_v or_o limit_v the_o latter_a which_o dr._n sharrock_n have_v prudent_o and_o solid_o observe_v in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr officiis_n chap._n 10._o as_o for_o example_n that_o there_o be_v a_o prior_n reason_n for_o abstain_v from_o invade_v that_o which_o be_v another_o than_o of_o observe_v promise_n and_o likewise_o there_o be_v a_o great_a account_n to_o be_v make_v of_o faith_n once_o give_v than_o of_o return_v benefit_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o true_a ground_n of_o all_o these_o rule_n be_v only_o to_o be_v find_v in_o our_o principle_n because_o it_o more_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a that_o a_o prior_n law_n of_o nature_n concern_v make_v and_o preserve_a property_n shall_v not_o be_v violate_v by_o the_o invasion_n of_o another_o right_n than_o that_o any_o one_o shall_v observe_v a_o compact_a or_o promise_v when_o it_o can_v be_v do_v without_o such_o a_o invasion_n and_o there_o be_v the_o like_a reason_n in_o observe_v those_o other_o law_n which_o we_o have_v reckon_v up_o in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n according_a to_o their_o due_a order_n and_o dignity_n so_o that_o indeed_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o wonder_v that_o we_o have_v so_o positive_o assert_v that_o no_o virtue_n can_v be_v explain_v without_o a_o respect_n to_o the_o state_n of_o all_o rational_a being_n or_o of_o the_o whole_a intellectual_a world_n for_o we_o see_v in_o natural_a philosophy_n that_o the_o accident_n of_o body_n daily_o obvious_a to_o our_o sense_n such_o as_o be_v the_o communication_n of_o motion_n gravitation_n and_o the_o action_n of_o light_n and_o heat_n firmness_n and_o fluidity_n rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n can_v never_o be_v explain_v without_o a_o respect_n to_o the_o whole_a system_n of_o the_o corporeal_a world_n and_o the_o motion_n therein_o to_o be_v preserve_v last_o from_o this_o order_n among_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n whereby_o all_o the_o special_a one_o be_v still_o make_v subordinate_a to_o this_o general_a one_o of_o the_o common_a good_a and_o the_o low_a of_o they_o to_o the_o high_a it_o may_v easy_o be_v show_v that_o god_n never_o dispense_v with_o they_o unless_o in_o those_o case_n in_o which_o the_o obligation_n of_o a_o low_a or_o less_o law_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v take_v away_o and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o action_n so_o change_v as_o that_o there_o may_v be_v only_a place_n leave_v for_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o high_a to_o conclude_v we_o have_v here_o likewise_o show_v that_o the_o generation_n of_o all_o commonwealth_n be_v to_o be_v deduce_v from_o these_o two_o principle_n tend_v to_o this_o great_a end_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n viz._n first_o from_o that_o which_o command_v the_o constitution_n of_o a_o distinct_a property_n in_o thing_n and_o in_o the_o labour_n or_o endeavour_n of_o person_n whereby_o no_o such_o property_n be_v yet_o institute_v and_o where_o it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v so_o to_o preserve_v it_o inviolate_a as_o the_o chief_a and_o necessary_a medium_fw-la to_o this_o common_a good_n 2._o from_o that_o law_n which_o command_v a_o peculiar_a love_n or_o benevolence_n of_o parent_n towards_o their_o child_n for_o this_o can_v never_o have_v exert_v itself_o unless_o our_o first_o parent_n have_v permit_v their_o child_n when_o grow_v up_o to_o enjoy_v a_o part_n of_o those_o necessary_n of_o life_n which_o be_v needful_a for_o their_o future_a subsistance_n and_o so_o from_o many_o such_o father_n of_o family_n join_v together_o by_o mutual_a compact_n for_o common_a defence_n may_v arise_v the_o first_o government_n in_o the_o world_n of_o whatsoever_o kind_n you_o please_v to_o suppose_v but_o in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n we_o have_v think_v it_o best_a to_o confine_v ourselves_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o philosophy_n and_o have_v whole_o abstain_v from_o theological_a question_n and_o therefore_o we_o have_v not_o say_v any_o thing_n concern_v good_a or_o evil_a spirit_n or_o angel_n or_o take_v in_o their_o good_a or_o happiness_n into_o our_o hypothesis_n for_o though_o i_o doubt_v not_o of_o the_o existence_n of_o such_o intelligent_a being_n yet_o it_o be_v certain_a all_o we_o can_v understand_v of_o they_o proceed_v whole_o from_o divine_a revelation_n or_o humane_a tradition_n neither_o of_o which_o be_v true_a mean_n of_o obtain_v philosophical_a or_o natural_a knowledge_n as_o for_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o treatise_n in_o which_o be_v contain_v the_o confutation_n of_o some_o of_o mr._n h_n principle_n or_o argument_n since_o the_o first_o part_n be_v entire_a without_o it_o and_o that_o the_o truth_n be_v a_o sufficient_a proof_n to_o its_o self_n i_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o reader_n whether_o he_o will_v trouble_v himself_o to_o peruse_v it_o or_o not_o since_o all_o man_n temper_n do_v not_o alike_o suit_n with_o the_o study_n of_o controversy_n but_o it_o be_v necessary_a not_o only_o to_o lay_v a_o foundation_n of_o better_a moral_a principle_n but_o also_o to_o show_v the_o falsehood_n and_o vanity_n of_o those_o he_o have_v lay_v down_o since_o otherwise_o it_o may_v have_v be_v think_v by_o some_o that_o they_o be_v altogether_o unanswerable_a yet_o i_o hope_v we_o have_v perform_v that_o unpleasant_a task_n without_o reflect_v upon_o the_o memory_n of_o the_o dead_a and_o disturb_v the_o ash_n of_o a_o person_n who_o whilst_o he_o live_v be_v as_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v even_o by_o his_o enemy_n considerable_o famous_a both_o for_o wit_n and_o learning_n i_o have_v little_o more_o to_o add_v but_o that_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o our_o learned_a author_n who_o work_n i_o have_v now_o abridge_v have_v hit_v upon_o that_o true_a method_n of_o prove_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o the_o lord_n bacon_n in_o his_o advancement_n of_o learning_n 3._o tell_v the_o reader_n that_o he_o desire_v to_o see_v well_o perform_v and_o that_o his_o design_n be_v to_o make_v enquiry_n into_o the_o true_a fountain_n of_o justice_n and_o public_a utility_n and_o so_o in_o every_o part_n of_o the_o law_n to_o represent_v a_o kind_n of_o real_a character_n or_o idea_n of_o that_o which_o be_v true_o just_a by_o which_o general_a mark_n he_o that_o will_v bend_v his_o study_n that_o way_n and_o examine_v the_o ground_n or_o endeavour_v the_o amendment_n of_o the_o law_n of_o particular_a kingdom_n or_o state_n may_v be_v true_o guide_v in_o this_o noble_a undertake_n and_o he_o there_o proceed_v to_o give_v some_o general_a aphorism_n which_o he_o call_v the_o idea_n of_o universal_a justice_n and_o his_o five_o aphorism_n be_v very_a home_o to_o our_o purpose_n for_o he_o there_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o main_a end_n to_o which_o all_o law_n shall_v tend_v and_o whereunto_o they_o shall_v direct_v their_o decree_n and_o sanction_n be_v only_o the_o common_a good_a