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A11516 The historie of the Councel of Trent Conteining eight bookes. In which (besides the ordinarie actes of the Councell) are declared many notable occurrences, which happened in Christendome, during the space of fourtie yeeres and more. And, particularly, the practises of the Court of Rome, to hinder the reformation of their errors, and to maintaine their greatnesse. Written in Italian by Pietro Soaue Polano, and faithfully translated into English by Nathanael Brent.; Historia del Concilio tridentino. English Sarpi, Paolo, 1552-1623.; Brent, Nathaniel, Sir, 1573?-1652. 1629 (1629) STC 21762; ESTC S116697 1,096,909 905

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that occurre they thought fit to deferre this vntill another time they might treate of vsing other meanes They knew not how to make vse of a Nationall Councell because the maner forme and name of them were disused The Colloquies whereof they had often made proofe did no And proposeth a Colloquie good because both parties aymed more at priuate gaine then publique pietie and vtilitie Yet hee sayd they were not to be despised now if they would lay aside the obstinacie of their priuate affections and counselled them to trye them once more if the Diet did not propose a better way This proposition was made by Ferdinand with others concerning the peace and warre with the Turkes that it might passe through Germanie and serue to inuite men to the Diet to which very few were come But it was ill expounded in regard of his former Edict published in his States much contrarie to this proposition and more in regard of the execution of it hauing chased more then two hundred Preachers out of Bohemia And it went to Rome also where the Pope cursing as hee vsually did the Which displeaseth the Pope Colloquies and inuentors of them complayned that there was no end of these difficulties and that hee was to haue a Councell a Colloquie or a Diet alwayes on his backe Hee blamed those times for beeing so full of troubles praysing former ages when the Popes might liue quietly not beeing in feare of their authoritie Yet hee was comforted by the perfect subiection of England to his obedience by the decrees made in his fauour by the Who is consolated with the obedience of England Letters of thankes which hee receiued and with the promise that a solemne Ambassage would come ere long to thanke him personally for his fatherly clemencie and benignitie and to promise him obedience Wherewith beeing well pleased hee could not choose but iest and sayd that hee did enioy some part of happinesse in that hee was thanked by those vnto whom he owed thankes But though the Pope had little hope of Germanie yet not to neglect it nor any ouerture that might bee made in proposing meanes to reduce to the Church those that wandred hee sent Cardinall Morone for his Legate Hee sendeth Cardinall Morone to the Diet. to the Imperiall Diet with instructions euer to lay before them the example of England and by that to exhort Germanie to know their disease and receiue the same cure and aboue all to diuert all Colloquies and treaties of religion The Cardinall was no sooner arriued in Ausburg but Pope Iulius died whereof hee receiued aduise eight dayes after He therefore departed And dieth presently after the last of March together with the Cardinall of Ausburg to assist at the election of the new Pope Before they came Marcellus Ceruinus Cardinall de Santa Croce was Marcellus Ceruinus is created Pope and reteineth his name elected Pope in Rome the ninth of April a man graue and seuere by nature and of a constant minde which he was willing to demonstrate in the first action of his Papacie by retaining the same name shewing the world that his dignitie had not changed him contrarie to that which so many of his predecessors had done For after the changing of the names began because Dutch men were made Popes to whose names Romane eares were not accustomed all that followed obserued the same vse signifying thereby that they had changed their priuate affections into publique and diuine cares But this Pope to shew that in his priuate estate hee had thoughts worthy of the Popedome would by retaining the same name shew his immutabilitie Another action of his also was like to this For the capitulations made in the Conclaue beeing presented to him that hee might sweare to them hee answered it was the same thing which hee had sworne a few dayes before and that he would obserue it by deedes and not by promises The holy weeke which then was celebrated and Easter holy dayes approching put the Pope by the assiduitie of Ecclesiasticall ceremonies into an indisposition Yet his thoughts were still fixed on the things hee had disseigned with many Cardinals before his Popedome to which hee did euer thinke hee should ascend and particularly hee imparted his purpose to the Cardinall of Mantua to compose the differences of Religion by a Councell which hee sayd did not formerly succeede well because a good course was not taken That it was necessary He purposeth to make a reformation first to make an intire reformation by which the reall differences would bee accorded which beeing done the verball would partly cease of themselues and partly would be composed with some small paines of the Councell That his Predecessors for fiue successions abhorred the name of reformation not for any bad end but because they were perswaded that it was set on foote to pull downe the Papall authoritie But his opinion was contrary and that nothing could more preserue it then that yea that it would bee a meanes to enlarge it For obseruing things past euery one might see that onely those Popes who haue made reformations haue aduanced and inlarged their authoritie That the reformation did not alter any thing but that which was for shew and vanitie not onely of no moment but of charge and burthen as ryots pomps great traines of Prelates excessiue superfluous and vnprofitable charges which doe not make the Papacie venerable but rather contemned which vanities being cut off the true power reputation and credit with the world will increase together with the reuenue and other sinewes of gouernement and aboue all the protection of God which euery one may assure himselfe doth worke in conformitie of ones proper duetie These dissignes published in Court were by his wel-willers adorned And is censured by the Court. with the titles of Pietie loue of Peace and Religion but some that were emulous sayd the end was not good that the Pope did ground himselfe vpon Astrologicall predictions following his fathers steps who became great by that profession which as some times either by chance or otherwise they succeede so for the most part they are occasions of the fall of many Amongst the Popes particular dissignes one was to He purposed to institute a religion of an hundred persons institute a Religion of an hundred persons like vnto a Caualarie of which himselfe would be Head and make the election taking them out of any other Religion or state of persons euery one of which should haue yeerely fiue hundred crownes out of the Chamber should take a very solemne and strict Oath of fidelitie to the Pope should not bee assumed to any other degree nor haue any more reuenue except for their deserts they were created Cardinals in which case they were not to forsake the compunie These onely hee would imploy for Nuncij and ministers of businesses Gouernours of Cities Legates and in all other occasions of the Apostolique Sea And many
to the world because so much mischiefe proceeded from it Vergerius said that it was too great a self-selfe-loue and too great a conceipt of ones owne worth when a man would trouble the whole world to sowe his owne opinions If you haue innouated in the faith said Vergerius in which you were borne and bred vp 35. yeeres for your conscience and saluations sake it was sufficient to keepe it within your selfe If the loue of your neighbour mooued you why did you trouble the whole world vnnecessarily seeing that without it men did liue and God was serued in tranquillity Hee added that the confusion was gone on so farre that the remedie could not be deferred The Pope is resolute to applie it by calling a Councell where all the learned men of Europe meeting together the trueth shall bee cleered to the confusion of vnquiet spirits and for the place hath destinated the Citie of Mantua And although the chiefest hope consisteth in the goodnesse of God yet putting to that account the endeuours of men it was in Luthers power to make the remedie easie if hee will bee present treat with charitie and oblige to himselfe also the Pope a munificent Prince who taketh speciall notice of persons of merit Hee put him in minde of the example of Eneas Siluius And proposeth vnto him the example of Aentas Siluius who following his owne opinions with much slauery and labour could get no further preferment then to be Canon of Trent but beeing changed to the better became Bishop Cardinall and finally Pope Pius the second Hee called to his memorie Bessarion of Nice who of a poore Caloier of And of Bessarion Trapizonda became a great renowmed Cardinall and wanted not much of being Pope Luthers answers were according to his nature vehement and fierce Luthers answere saying that hee made no account of the esteeme which hee had with the Court of Rome whose hatred hee feared not nor regarded their good will that hee applied himselfe to the seruice of God as much as hee could though vvhen he had done all he vvas but an vnprofitable seruant that hee savv not hovv the seruices of God vvere ioyned vvith those of the Papacy but as darknesse vvith light that nothing in all his life vvas more profitable to him then the rigor of Leo the rigidity of Caietan vvhich he could not ascribe to them but to the prouidence of God For not being as yet in those times illuminated in all the trueth of Christian faith but hauing onely discouered the abuses of Indulgences hee was ready to haue kept silence in case his aduersaries had done the like But the writings of the master of the holy palace the insulting of Caietan and the rigor of Leo constrained him to studie and to descriemany other lesse tolerable abuses and errors of the Papacie which he could not dissemble nor refraine to declare them vnto the world with a good conscience That the Nuncio had ingenuously confessed that hee vnderstood not Diuinitie which appeared cleerely by the reasons which hee proposed because none could call his doctrine new but hee that beleeued that CHRIST the Apostles and the holy Fathers liued as now the Pope Cardinals and Bishops doe Neither can any argument be drawen against the doctrine from the seditions happened in Germanie but by him that hath not read the Scriptures and knoweth not that this is proper to the word of God and the Gospel that it stirreth vp troubles and tumults euen to the separation of the father from the sonne wheresoeuer it is preached That this was the vertue of it to giue life to them that hearken to it and to bring greater damnation to whosoeuer reiecteth it Hee added that it was a great fault of the Romanists to establish the Church with gouernements taken from humane reasons as if it were a temporall State That this is that kind of wisedome which S. Paul saith is accounted foolishnesse with God as not to esteeme those politique reasons by which Rome doth gouerne but to trust in Gods promises and to referre to his Maiestie the managing of the Church affaires is that humane folly which is wisedome with God That to make the Councell take good effect and to bee profitable for the Church was not in the power of Martin but of him that can make it free that the Spirit of God may rule there and guide it and the holy Scripture may bee the rule of the resolutions not bringing thither interests vsurpations and artifices of men which in case it should happen yet himselfe would there vse all sinceritie and Christian charitie not to binde the Pope or any other vnto him but for the seruice of Christ and peace and libertie of the Church But that hee could not hope to see so great a good so long as it appeared not that the wrath of God was appeased by a serious conuersion from hypocrisie That no sound argument could bee taken from the assembling of learned men seeing that so long as the anger of God is kindled there is no error so absurd and vnreasonable which Satan cannot perswade especially to those great wise men who thinke they know much whom the Maiestie of God will confound That nothing can be receiued from Rome compatible with the ministery of the Gospell That the examples of Eneas Siluius and Bessarion mooued him not For hee esteemeth not those cloudy glitterings and in case hee would exalt himselfe he might truely reply that which facetely was spoken by Erasmus that Luther beeing poore and base maketh rich and aduanceth many That it was well knowen to the Nuncio himselfe not to goe farre that the last May himselfe had a great part in the creation of the Bishop of Rochester and was the totall cause of the creation of Scomberg That if the life of the first was so soone taken away this was to bee ascribed to the prouidence of God Vergerius Vergerius could not moue Luther could not perswade Luther to remit any thing of his constancie who so stedfastly maintained his doctrine as if it had beene apparant to the eyes and said that the Nuncio yea and the Pope himselfe should sooner embrace his faith then he would abandon it Vergerius assaied also to perswade some other Preachers in Wittenberg and elsewhere in the iourney according to the Popes commission but found no inclination as hee thought hee should but rigiditie in all that were of account Not any of the other Lutherans except some few of small esteeme The answere of 15. Printes and 30 Cities assembled in Smalcalda Mantua is refused by the Germans and those that rendred themselues were of small worth and pretended much so that they were not for his purpose But the Protestants vnderstanding Vergerius his proposition there beeing fifteene Princes and thirtie Cities assembled in Smalcalda answered that they had declared their resolution concerning the Councell in many Diets and last of all to the Nuncio of Pope Clement and the
but others did not thinke it probable First because by this meanes all hope was taken from ●onde whom he ●●ist●●sted much more yea that hee did much desire that Borbon should returne to the secular state that himselfe might be the prime 〈…〉 France and that if a Patriarke were made as hee much desired hee might vndoubtedly be the man which could not bee if Borbon did still remaine in the Cleargie The Pope hauing receiued aduice of the death of Mantua and consulted with his inward friends thought it necessary to send other Legats who being new not intangled with promises and treaties might follow his instructions with more ease And therefore the seuenth of March the second Sunday in Lent not intimating a Congregation as hee was wont but the Two new Legates are created Cardinals being assembled in the Chamber where they put on their robes to goe to the Chappell according to the vse hee stayed and excluding the Courtiers caused the doores to bee shut and created Legats the Cardinals Iohn Morone and Bernardus Nauaggerus that by the perswasions of Princes or Cardinals he might not bee forced to name others that pleased him not The Pope thought to doe it secretly but it came to the eares of the French-men and the Cardinall of Bordissiera spake to the Pope before hee went out of the Chamber and told him many reasons that in case hee would create new Legats hee could not commit the charge to a more worthy person then the Cardinall of Loraine But the Pope being resolute and displeased that the matter was not so secretly carried answered freely that the Cardinall of Loraine came to the Councell as Head of one of the pretendent parties and that he would depute those who were Neutrals and without interests The Cardinall being about to reply the Pope made haste away and went downe out of the Chamber so fast that there was not time to make answere The Congregation being ended the Pope let the Cardinals goe to the Chappell and himselfe returned to the Chamber because hee would not bee in ceremonie when he was so much vexed with the words of that Cardinall The ninth of March newes came to Trent that the Duke of Guise brother The Duke of Guise is slains vnder Orlience to the Cardinal of Loraine as he returned from the trenches vnder Orlience was shot by Iohn Poltrot a priuat Gentleman of the reformed religion and sixe dayes after died to the great discontent of all the Court and that after he was wounded he exhorted the Queene to make peace and said openly that he was an enemie to the kingdome who was against it The Homicide being interrogated of his complices named Coligni the Admirall and Theodore Beza and afterwards excused Beza but perseuered in accusing the other Yet hee wauered so that one could not tell what to beleeue The Cardinall aduertised hereof prouided a greater guard then formerly hee had and being exceedingly grieued for the death of his brother who was so deare vnto him first of all hee wrote a consolatorie Letter to Antoniette de The Card. of Loraine writeth to his mother Borbon their common mother full of exquisite conceits to bee compared or rather as his friends said to bee preferred to those of Seneca in the end whereof hee said hee was resolued to goe to his Church of Reims and to spend the residue of his life in preaching the word of GOD instructing the people bringing vp his brothers children in Christian pietie and neuer to cease performing of these offices but when the Kingdome for some publike affaires had need of his paines The Letter was no sooner parted from Trent but the Citie was full of copies of it rather importunely offered by his friends then requested so hard it is for the affection of selfe loue to bee quiet though in the occasion of greatest sorrow After this the Cardinall thinking of the change of things by this variation altered all his desseignes And this caused a change also in the affaires of the Councell For hee being the man which the Emperour and Queene of France had vntill then wholly employed they were forced for want of so fit a minister to bee more remisse in their purposes and to proceed more slowly But it happeneth in humane affaires as it doeth in fortunes at Sea where the windes being ceased the waues doe tumultuate for some houres after So the great weight of the affaires of the Councell could not easily be appeased in regard of their former impetuous motion But it is certaine that the death of that Duke The death of the Duke caused a great alteration in the Councell was a great beginning of the quiet which succeeded some moneths after especially after the death of the other brother great Prior of France and the peace made with the Hugonots and the instances of the Queene to the Cardinall to make his peace with the Pope and returne into France of which things wee will speake in due place Hereby the Cardinall saw that the affaires as they stood would not bee profitable neither for himselfe nor his friends The death of Guise was lamented both in Trent and Rome because euery one thought hee was the onely maintainer of the Catholique partie in the kingdome of France neither did it appeare what other person could succeed in supporting that weight the rather because euery one was daunted by the example of his death The French Prelats in the Councell were troubled in minde because they vnderstood that an accord was treated with the Hugonots who pretended amongst other things that the third part of the Ecclesiasticall reuenues should bee employed for maintenance of the reformed Ministers In this varietie of businesses and perplexitie of mindes Fiue-Churches returned to Trent and with the other Ambassadours of the Emperour had audience with the Legats and presented to them the Emperours letter which The Emperours letters to the Legats and the Pope hee brought and the copy of another written by his Maiestie to the Pope They all made request for the reformation but in generall termes onely and very remissely The Emperours letter to the Legats did signifie his desire to see some fruitfull proceeding of the Councell for which it was necessary to remooue some impediments whereof hauing written to the Pope he prayed them to labour in Councell and to vse perswasions to his Holinesse that the future progresse might be for the seruice of GOD and benefite of Christendome In his letter to the Pope hee said that hauing dispatched great businesses with the Electors and other Princes and States of Germanie nothing was more precious vnto him being Aduocate of the Church then to promote the affaires of the Councell that hee was come to Ispruc for that cause where to his griefe he vnderstood that matters did not proceed as he hoped and as the publike tranquillitie did require that hee feared if better order wer not taken the Councell would end with scandall of