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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A68197	The first and second volumes of Chronicles. [vol. 1] comprising 1 The description and historie of England, 2 The description and historie of Ireland, 3 The description and historie of Scotland: first collected and published by Raphaell Holinshed, William Harrison, and others: now newlie augmented and continued (with manifold matters of singular note and worthie memorie) to the yeare 1586. by Iohn Hooker aliàs Vowell Gent and others. With conuenient tables at the end of these volumes.; Chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande. vol. 1	Holinshed, Raphael, d. 1580?; Stanyhurst, Richard, 1547-1618.; Fleming, Abraham, 1552?-1607.; Stow, John, 1525?-1605.; Thynne, Francis, 1545?-1608.; Hooker, John, 1526?-1601.; Harrison, William, 1534-1593.; Boece, Hector, 1465?-1536.; Giraldus, Cambrensis, 1146?-1223?	1587 (1587)	STC 13569_pt1; ESTC S122178	1,179,579	468

The Danes followed them vnto Wilton which towne they rifled and ouercame From thence they went to Salisburie and so taking their pleasure there returned to their ships because as some write they were aduertised that the king was comming towards them with an huge armie In the yeare next insuing that is to saie 1004 which was about the 24 yeare of K. Egelreds reigne Sweine or Swanus king of Denmarke with a mightie nauie of ships came on the coast of Northfolke and there landing with his people made toward Norwich and comming thither tooke that citie and spoiled it Then went he vnto Thetford and when he had taken and rified that towne he burnt it notwithstanding a truce taken by Uikillus or Wilfketell gouernor of those parties with the same king Swaine after the taking of Norwich In reuenge therefore of such breach of truce the same Uikillus or Wilfeketell with such power as he could raise assaulted the host of Danes as they returned to their ships and slue a great number of them but was not able to mainteine the fight for his enimies ouermatched him in number of men And so he was constrained in the end to giue backe and the enimies kept on their waies to their ships In the yeare following king Swaine returned into Denmarke with all his fléet partlie constrained so to doo as some write by reason of the great famin want of necessarie sustenance which in that yeare sore oppressed this land In the yeare of our Lord 1006 king Swaine returned againe into England with a mightie huge nauie arriuing at Sandwich and spoiled all the countrie néere vnto the sea side King Egelred raised all his power against him and all the haruest time laie abroad in the field to resist the Danes which according to their woonted maner spared not to exercise their vnmercifull crueltie in wasting and spoiling the land with fire and sword pilfering and taking of preies in euerie part where they came Neither could king Egelred remedie the matter because the enimies still conueied themselues with their ships into some contrarie quarter from the place where they knew him to be so that his trauell was in vaine About the beginning of winter they remained in the I le of Wight in the time of Christmasse they landed in Hampshire and passing through that countrie into Barkeshire they came to Reading and from thence to Wallingford and so to Coleseie and then approching to Essington came to Achikelmeslawe and in euerie place wheresoeuer they came they made cleane worke For that which they could not carie with them they consumed with fire burning vp their innes and sleaing their hoasts In returning backe the people of the west countrie gaue them battell but preuailed not so that they did but inrich their enimies with the spoile of their bodies They came by the gates of Winchester as it were in maner of triumph with vittels and spoiles which they had fetched fiftie miles from the sea side In the meane time king Egelred lay about Shrewsburie sore troubled with the newes hereof and in the yeare next insuing by the aduise of his councell he gaue to king Swaine for the redeeming of peace 30000 pounds In the same yeare K. Egelred created the traitor Edrike earle of Mercia who although he had maried Edgiua the kings daughter was yet noted to be one of those which disclosed the secrets of the realme and the determinations of the councell vnto the enimies But he was such a craftie dissembler so greatlie prouided of sleight to dissemble and cloake his falshood that the king being too much abused by him had him in singular fauour whereas he vpon a malicious purpose studied dailie how to bring the realme into vtter destruction aduertising the enimies from time to time how the state of things stood whereby they came to knowledge when they should giue place and when they might safelie come forward Moreouer being sent vnto them oftentimes as a commissioner to treat to peace he persuaded them to warre But such was the pleasure of God to haue him and such other of like sort aduanced to honor in this season when by his diuine prouidence he meant to punish the people of this realme for their wickednesse and sinnes whereby they had iustlie prouoked his wrath and high displeasure In the 30 yeare of king Egelreds reigne which fell in the yeare of our Lord 1008 he tooke order that of euerie thrée hundred and ten hides of land within this realme there should one ship be builded and of euerie eight hides a complet armor furnished In the yeare following the kings whole fléet was brought togither at Sandwich and such souldiers came thither as were appointed to go to sea in the same fléet There had not béene seene the like number of ships so trimlie rigged and furnished in all points in anie kings daies before But no great profitable péece of seruice was wrought by them for the king had about that time banished a noble yoong man of Sussex called Wilnot who getting togither twentie sailes laie vpon the coasts taking prices where he could get them Brithrike the brother of earle Edrike being desirous to win honor tooke forth foure score of the said ships and promised to bring in the enimie dead or aliue But as he was sailing forward on the seas a sore tempest with an outragious wind rose with such violence that his ships were cast vpon the shore and Wilnot comming vpon them set them on fire and so burned them euerie one The residue of the ships when newes came to them of this mishap returned backe to London and then was the armie dispersed and so all the cost and trauell of the Englishmen proued in vaine After this in the haruest time a new armie of Danes vnder the conduct of thrée capteines Turkill Henning and Aulafe landed at Sandwich and from thence passed forth to Canturburie and had taken the citie but that the citizens gaue them a 1000 pounds to depart from thence and to leaue the countrie in peace Then went the Danes to the I le of Wight and afterwards landed and spoiled the countrie of Sussex and Hampshire King Egelred assembled the whole power of all his subiects and comming to giue them battell had made and end of their cruell harieng the countrie with the slaughter of them all if earle Edrike with forged tales deuised onelie to put him in feare had not dissuaded him from giuing battell The Danes by that meanes returning in safetie immediatlie after the feast of saint Martine returned into Kent and ladged with their nauie in the winter following in the Thames and oftentimes assaulting the citie of London were still beaten backe to their losse After the feast of Christmasse they passed through the countrie and woods of Chilterne vnto Oxford which towne they

which the Romans had followed till they were throughlie wearied There were slaine of the Britains that day 10000 and of the Romans 340 among whom Aulus Atticus a capteine of one of the cohorts or bands of footmen was one who being mounted on horssebacke through his owne too much youthfull courage and fierce vnrulines of his horsse was caried into the middle throng of his enimies and there slaine The lamentable distresse and pitifull perplexitie of the Britains after their ouerthrow Domitian enuieth Agricola the glorie of his victories he is subtilie depriued of his deputiship and Cneus Trebellius surrogated in his roome The xviij Chapter THe night insuing the foresaid ouerthrow of the Britains was spent of the Romans in great ioy gladnes for the victorie atchiued But among the Britains there was nothing else heard but mourning and lamentation both of men and women that were mingled togither some busie to beare away the wounded to bind and dresse their hurts other calling for their sonnes kinsfolkes and friends that were wanting Manie of them forsooke their houses and in their desperate mood set them on fire and choosing foorth places for their better refuge and safegard foorthwith misliking of the same left them and sought others herewith diuerse of them tooke counsell togither what they were best to doo one while they were in hope an other while they fainted as people cast into vtter despaire the beholding of their wiues and children oftentimes mooued them to attempt some new enterprise for the preseruation of their countrie and liberties And certeine it is that some of them slue their wiues and children as mooued thereto with a certeine fond regard of pitie to rid them out of further miserie and danger of thraldome The next day the certeintie of the victorie more plainlie was disclosed for all was quiet about and no noise heard anie where the houses appeared burning on ech side and such as were sent foorth to discouer the countrie into euerie part thereof saw not a creature stirring for all the people were auoided and withdrawne a farre off When Agricola had thus ouerthrowne his enimies in a pitcht field at the mountaine of Granziben and that the countrie was quite rid of all appearance of enimies bicause the summer of this eight yéere of his gouernement was now almost spent he brought his armie into the confines of the Horrestians which inhabited the countries now called Angus Merne and there intended to winter and tooke hostages of the people for assurance of their loialtie and subiection This doone he appointed the admirall of the nauie to saile about the I le which accordinglie to his commission in that point receiued luckilie accomplished his enterprise and brought the nauie about againe into an hauen called Trutulensts In this meane time whiles Iulius Agricola was thus occupied in Britaine both the emperour Uespasianus and also his brother Titus that succéeded him departed this life and Domitianus was elected emperor who hearing of such prosperous successe as Agricola had against the Britains did not so much reioise for the thing well doone as he enuied to consider what glorie and renowme should redound to Agricola thereby which he perceiued should much darken the glasse of his same hauing a priuate person vnder him who in woorthinesse of noble exploits atchiued farre excelled his dooings To find remedie therefore herein he thought not good to vtter his malice as yet whilest Agricola remained in Britaine with an armie which so much fauoured him and that with so good cause sith by his policie and noble conduct the same had obteined so manie victories so much honor and such plentie of spoiles and booties Wherevpon to dissemble his intent he appointed to reuoke him foorth of Britaine as it were to honor him not onelie with deserued triumphs but also with the lieutenantship of Syria which as then was void by the death of Atilius Rufus Thus Agricola being countermanded home to Rome deliuered his prouince vnto his successor Cneus Trebellius appointed thereto by the emperour Domitianus in good quiet and safegard ¶ Thus may you sée in what state Britaine stood in the daies of king Marius of whome Tacitus maketh no mention at all Some haue written that the citie of Chester was builded by this Marius though other as before I haue said thinke rather that it was the worke of Ostorius Scapula their legat Touching other the dooings of Agricola in the Scotish chronicle you maie find more at large set foorth for that which I haue written héere is but to shew what in effect Cornelius Tacitus writeth of that which Agricola did here in Britaine without making mention either of Scots or Picts onelie naming them Britains Horrestians and Calidoneans who inhabited in those daies a part of this Ile which now we call Scotland the originall of which countrie and the inhabitants of the same is greatlie controuersed among writers diuerse diuerslie descanting therevpon some fetching their reason from the etymon of the word which is Gréeke some from the opening of their ancestors as they find the same remaining in records other some from comparing antiquities togither and aptlie collecting the truth as néere as they can But to omit them and returne to the continuation of our owne historie Of Coillus the sonne of Marius his education in Rome how long he reigned of Lucius his sonne and successor what time he assumed the gouernment of this land he was an open professor of christian religion he and his familie are baptised Britaine receiueth the faith 3 archbishops and 28 bishops at that time in this Iland westminster church and S. Peters in Cornehill builded diuers opinions touching the time of Lucius his reigne of his death and when the christian faith was receiued in this Iland The 19. Chapter COillus the sonne of Marius was after his fathers deceasse made king of Britaine in the yeare of our Lord 125. This Coillus or Coill was brought vp in his youth amongst the Romans at Rome where he spent his time not vnprofitablie but applied himselfe to learning seruice in the warres by reason whereof he was much honored of the Romans and he likewise honored and loued them so that he paied his tribute truelie all the time of his reigne and therefore liued in peace and good quiet He was also a prince of much bountie and verie liberall whereby he obteined great loue both of his nobles and commons Some saie that he made the towne of Colchester in Essex but others write that Coill which reigned next after Asclepiodotus was the first founder of that towne but by other it should séeme to be built long before being called Camelodunum Finallie when this Coill had reigned the space of 54 yeares he departed this life at Yorke leauing after him a sonne named Lucius which succéeded in the kingdome LUcius the sonne of Coillus whose surname as saith William Harison is not extant

of the enimies ceassed for a time but the wickednesse of the British people ceassed not at all The enimies departed out of the land but the inhabitants departed not from their naughtie dooings being not so readie to put backe the common enimies as to exercise ciuill warre and discord among themselues The wicked Irish people departed home to make returne againe within a while after But the Picts settled themselues first at that season in the vttermost bounds of the I le and there continued making insurrections oftentimes vpon their neighbours and spoiling them of their goods This with more also hath Gyldas and likewise Beda written of this great desolation of the British people wherein if the words of Gyldas be well weighed and considered it maie lead vs to thinke that the Scots had no habitations here in Britaine but onelie in Ireland till after this season and that at this present time the Picts which before inhabited within the Iles of Orkenie now placed themselues in the north parts of Scotland and after by processe of time came and nestled themselues in Louthian in the Mers and other countries more neere to our borders But to procéed The British histories affirme that whilest the Britains were thus persecuted by these two most cruell and fierce nations the Scots and Picts the noble and chiefest men amongst them consulted togither concluded to send an honorable ambassage vnto Aldroenus as then king of little Britaine in Gallia which Aldroenus was the fourth from Cnoan Meridoc the first king there of the British nation Of this ambassage the archbishop of London named Guetheline or Gosseline was appointed the chiefe and principall who passing ouer into little Britaine and comming before the presence of Aldroenus so declared the effect of his message that his suit was granted For Aldroenus agréed to send his brother Constantine ouer into great Britaine with a conuenient power vpon condition that the victorie being obteined against the enimies the Britains should make him king of great Britaine ¶ Thus it is apparent that this land of Britaine was without anie certeine gouernour after that Gratian the vsurper was dispatched a number of yéeres togither but how manie writers in their account do varie Fabian deposeth by diuers coniecturs that the space betwixt the death of Gratian and the beginning of the reigne of the said Constantine brother to Aldroenus continued nine and thirtie yéeres during which time the Britains were sore and miserablie afflicted by the inuasions of the Scots and Picts as before ye haue heard by testimonies taken out of Beda Gyldas Geffrey of Monmouth and other writers both British and English What the Roman historiographer Marcellinus reporteth of the Scots Picts and Britains vnder the emperour Iulianus Valentinianus and Valens they send their vicegerents into Britaine the disquietnesse of that time London called Augusta the worthie exploits of Theodosius in this Iland against the enimie Valentinus a banished malefactor deuiseth his destruction he is taken and executed he reformeth manie disorders and inconueniences the first entring of the Saxons into Britaine they are dawn●ed at the verie sight of the Romane ensignes the Saxons lieng in wait for their enimies are slaine euerie mothers sonne The xxxiiij Chapter BUt now sith no mention is made of the Scots in our histories till the daies of Maximus the vsurper or tyrant as some call him who began his reigne here in Britaine about the yéere of our Lord 383 and that till after he had bereft the land of the chiefest forces thereof in taking the most part of the youth ouer with him we find not in the same histories of anie troubles wrought to the Britains by that nation Therefore we haue thought good héere to come backe to the former times that we may shew what is found mentioned in the Romane histories both before that time and after as well concerning the Scots and Picts as also the Saxons and especiallie in Ammianus Marcellinus where in the beginning of his twentith booke intreating of the doings of the emperour Iulianus he saith as followeth In this state stood things in Illyricum or Slauonia in and the east parts at what time Constantius bare the office of consull the tenth time and Iulianus the third time that is to say in the yéere of our Lord 360 when in Britaine quietnesse being disturbed by roads made by the Scots and Picts which are wild and sauage people the frontiers of the countrie were wasted and feare oppressed the prouinces wearied with the heape of passed losses The emperor he meaneth Iulianus as then remaining at Paris and hauing his mind troubled with manie cares doubted to go to the aid of them beyond the sea as we haue shewed that Constantius did least he should leaue them in Gallia without a ruler the Almains being euen then prouoked and stirred vp to crueltie and warre He thought good therefore to send Lupicinus vnto these places to bring things into frame and order which Lupicinus was at that time master of the armorie a warlike person and skilfull in all points of chiualrie but proud and high-minded beyond measure and such one as it was doubted long whether he was more couetous or cruell Herevpon the said Lupicinus setting forward the light armed men of the Heruli and Bataui with diuers companies also of the people of Mesia now called Bulgarie when winter was well entred and come on he came himselfe to Bulleine and there prouiding ships and imbarking his men when the wind serued his purpose he transported ouer vnto Sandwich and so marched foorth vnto London from thence purposing to set forward as vpon aduise taken according to the qualitie of his businesse he should thinke méet and expedient In the meane time whilest Lupicinus was busie here in Britaine to represse the enimies the emperour Constantius displaced certeine officers and among other he depriued the same Lupicinus of the office of the master of the armorie appointing one Gumobarius to succeed him in that roome before anie such thing was knowen in these parties And where it was doubted least that Lupicinus if he had vnderstood so much whilest he was yet in Britaine would haue attempted some new trouble as he was a man of a stout and loftie mind he was called backe from thence and withall there was sent a notarie vnto Bulleine to watch that none should passe the seas ouer into Britaine till Lupicinus were returned and so returning ouer from thence yer he had anie knowledge what was doone by the emperour he could make no sturre hauing no such assistants in Gallia as it was thought he might haue had in Britaine if he should haue mooued rebellion there The same Marcellinus speaking of the doings about the time that Ualentinianus being elected emperour had admitted his brother Ualens as fellow with him in gouernement hath these words In this season as though

behold them and when he considered and well viewed their faire skins their swéet visages and beautifull bushes of their bright and yeallow heares he demanded out of what region or land they came vnto whome answere was made that they were brought out of Britaine the inhabitants of which countrie were of the like beautifull aspect Then he asked whether the men of that countrie were christians or as yet intangled with blind heathenish errors Wherevnto it was answered that they were not christened but followed the religion of the Gentiles Whereat Gregorie fetching a déepe sigh said Ah alas that the author of darkenesse dooth as yet possesse men of so brightsome countenances and that with the grace of such faire shining visages they beare about minds void of inward grace Moreouer he demanded by what name the people were called whereto answere was made that they were called Angli that is to say Englishmen Right woorthilie saith he for they haue angels faces and such as ought to be made fellow heires with angels in heauen Then asked he the name of the prouince from whence they were brought and it was told him they were of Deira It is well said he they are to be deliuered De ira dei that is to say from the ire and wrath of God and called to the mercie of Christ our Lord What name said he hath the king of that prouince Wherevnto answere was made that he was called Alla wherevpon alluding to that name he said Alleluia ought to be soong in those parts to the praise and honor of God the creator Herevpon comming to Benedict the first of that name as then bishop of Rome he required him that some learned men might be sent into England to preach the gospell vnto the Englishmen offering himselfe to be one of the number But though Benedict was contented to grant his request yet the Romans had him in such estimation that they would not consent that he should depart 〈◊〉 farre from the citie so that by them he was at that time staied of that his godlie purpose Howbeit when he came to be bishop he thought to person 〈◊〉 if though not by himselfe yet by other and so Augustine and his fellowes were sent by him about it as before is said By the way as they were passing in their iour●●● such a sudden feare entred into their hearts that as some write they returned all Others write that Augustine was sent backe to Gregorie to sue that they might be released of that voiage so dangerous and vncerteine amongst such a barbarous people whose language they neither knew nor whose rudenesse they were able to resist Then Gregorie with pithie perswasions confirming and comforting him sent him againe with letters vnto the bishop of Arles willing him to helpe and aid the said Austine and his companie in all what so euer his néede required Also other letters he directed by the foresaid Austine vnto his fellowes exhorting them to go forward boldlie in the Lords woorke as by the tenor of the said epistle here following may appeare Gregorie the seruant of Gods seruants to the seruants of our Lord. FOr as much as it is better not to take good things in hand than after they be begun to thinke to reuolt backe from the same againe therefore now you may not nor cannot dere children but with all feruent studie and labour must needs go forward in that good businesse which thorough the helpe of God you haue well begun Neither let the wearisomnesse of your iournie nor the slanderous toongs of men appall you but that with all instance and feruencie ye proceed and accomplish the thing which the Lord hath ordeined you to take in hand knowing that your great trauell shall be recompensed with reward of greater glorie hereafter to come Therefore as we send here Austine to you againe whome also we haue ordeined to be your gouernour so doo you humblie obey him in all things knowing that it shall be profitable for your soules what soeuer at his admonition ye shall doo Almightie God with his grace defend you and grant me to see in the eternall countrie the fruit of your labours though heere I cannot labour in the same fellowship with you togither The Lord God keepe you safe most deere and welbeloued children Dated the tenth before the kalends of August in the reigne of our souereigne lord Mauricius most vertuous emperor the fourtenth of his empire Thus emboldned and comforted through the good woords and wholesome exhortation of Gregorie they set forward againe and spéeding foorth their iournie first arriued at the I le of Thanet in Kent in the moneth of Iulie being in number about fortie persons of the which diuerse were interpretors whome they brought with them out of France These they sent vnto king Ethelbert signifieng the occasion of their comming who hearing the messengers within a few daies after went into that I le and there abroad out of anie house sat downe and caused Augustine and his fellowes to come before him for he would not come vnder anie roofe with them sore doubting to be bewitched by them being persuaded that they were practised in nigromancie But they comming to him not by the power of the diuell as they said but by the might and power of almightie God bearing in steed of a banner a crosse of siluer and an image of our Lord and Sauiour painted in a table and thereto singing the letanies made intercession vnto the Lord for the euerlasting preseruation of themselues and of all them for whome and to whome they came Now when they being set downe by commandement of the king had preached the woord of life to him and to all those that came thither with him he made them this answer that their woords and promises were good but for as much as the same were new vncerteine to him that had béen brought vp in the contrarie doctrine he could not rashlie assent to their admonitions leaue that beléefe which he and the English nation had so long a time obserued and kept but said he because ye haue trauelled farre to the intent to make vs partakers of those things which ye beléeue to be most true and perfect we will thus much graunt vnto you that ye shall be receiued into this countrie and haue harbrough with all things sufficient found vnto you for your maintenance and sustentation neither will we hinder you but that ye may by preaching associat and ioine as manie of our subiects as you can vnto your law and beléefe They had therefore assigned vnto them a place to lodge in within the citie of Canturburie which was the head citie of all his dominion It is said that as they approched the citie according to their maner they had a crosse borne before them with an image of our Lord Iesus Christ and they followed singing this letanie Deprecamur te Domine in omni misericordia tua vt auferatur furor

tuus ira tua à ciuitate ista de domo sancta tua quoniam peccauimus Alleluia That is to say We beseech thee ò Lord in all thy mercie that thy furie and wrath may be taken from this citie and from thy holie house for we haue sinned Praise be to thee ô Lord. After they were receiued into Canturburie they began to follow the trade of life which the apostles vsed in the primitiue church that is to say exercising themselues in continuall praier watching and preaching to as manie as they could despising all worldlie things as not belonging to them receiuing onelie of them whome they taught things necessarie for the sustenance of their life liuing in all points according to the doctrine which they set forth hauing their minds readie to suffer in patience all aduersities what so euer yea and death it selfe for the confirming of that which they now preached Herevpon manie of the English people beléeued and were baptised hauing in great reuerence the simplicitie of those men and the swéetenesse of their heauenlie doctrine There was a church néeree to the citie on the east part thereof dedicated to the honor of saint Martine and builded of old time whilest the Romans as yet inhabited Britaine in the which the quéene being as we haue said a christian vsed to make hir praiers To this church Austine and his fellowes at their first comming accustomed to resort and there to sing to praie to saie masse to preach and to baptise till at length the king being conuerted granted them licence to preach in euerie place and to build and restore churches where they thought good After that the king being persuaded by their doctrine good examples giuing and diuers miracles shewed was once baptised the people in great numbers began to giue eare vnto the preaching of the gospell and renouncing their heathenish beléefe became christians in so much that as Gregorie remembreth there were baptised ten thousand persons in one day being the feast of the natiuitie of our Sauiour 597 and the first indiction ¶ Some write how this should chance toward the latter end of Augustines daies after he was admitted to preach the gospell amongst them that inhabited about Yorke as some write which affirme that the said number of ten thousand was baptised in the riuer of Suale which as W. Harison saith cannot be verified because of the indiction and death of Gregorie But to procéed Religion is not to be inforced but perswaded and preached Augustine is made archbishop of England Gregorie informeth Augustine of certeine ordinances to be made and obserued in the new English church as the reuenewes of the church to be diuided into foure parts of liturgie of mariage of ecclesiasticall discipline and ordeining of bishops trifling questions obiected by Augustine to Gregorie fellow helpers are sent ouer to assist Augustine in his ministerie he receiueth his pall reformation must be doone by little and little not to glorie in miracles the effect of Gregories letters to K. Ethelbert after his conuersion to christianitie The xx Chapter KIng Ethelbert reioised at the conuersion of his people howbeit he would not force anie man to be baptised but onelie shewed by his behauiour that he fauored those that beléeued more than other as fellow citizens with him of the heauenlie kingdome for he learned of them that had instructed him in the faith that the obedience due to Christ ought not to be inforced but to come of good will Moreouer he prouided for Augustine and his fellowes a conuenient place for their habitation within the citie of Canturburie and further gaue them necessarie reuenewes in possession for their maintenance After that the faith of Christ was thus receiued of the English men Augustine went into France and there of the archbishop of Arles named Etherius was ordeined archbishop of the English nation according to the order prescribed by Gregorie before the departure of the said Augustine from Rome After his returne into Britaine he sent Laurence a priest and Péeter a moonke vnto Rome to giue knowledge vnto Gregorie the bishop how the Englishmen had receiued the faith and that he was ordeined archbishop of the land according to that he had commanded if the woorke prospered vnder his hand as it had doone He also required to haue Gregories aduice touching certeine ordinances to be made and obserued in the new church of England Wherevpon Gregorie sending backe the messengers wrote an answere vnto all his demands And first touching the conuersation of archbishops with the clergie and in what sort the church goods ought to be imploied he declared that the ancient custome of the apostolike see was to giue commandement vnto bishops ordeined that the profits and reuenewes of their benefices ought to be diuided into foure parts whereof the first should be appointed to the bishop and his familie for the maintenance of hospitalitie the second should be assigned to the clergie the third giuen to the poore and the fourth imploied vpon repairing of temples And whereas in the church of Rome one custome in saieng masse or the liturgie was obserued and another custome in France concerning such church seruice Gregorie aduised Austine that if he found anie thing either in the church of Rome either in the church of France or in anie other church which might most please the almightie God he should diligentlie choose it out and instruct the church of England now being new according to that forme which he should gather foorth of the said churches for the things are not loued for the places sake but the places for the things sake Also for punishing of such as had stolen things out of churches so néere as might be the offendor should be chastised in charitie so as he might know his fault and if it were possible restore the thing taken away And touching degrées in mariage Englishmen might take to their wiues women that touched them in the third and fourth degrée without reprehension and if any vnlawfull mariages were found amongst the Englishmen as if the sonne had maried the fathers wife or the brother the brothers wife they ought to be warned in anie wise to absteine and vnderstand it to be a gréeuous sinne yet should they not for that thing be depriued of the communion of the bodie and bloud of our Lord least those things might séeme to be punished in them wherein they had offended before their conuersion to the christian faith by ignorance for at this season the church saith he correcteth some things of a feruent earnestnesse suffreth some things of a gentle mildnes and dissembleth some things of a prudent consideration and so beareth and winketh at the same that oftentimes the euill which she abhorreth by such bearing and dissembling is restreined and reformed Moreouer touching the ordeining of bishops he would they should be so placed that the distance of place might not