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A72222 The familiar epistles of Sir Anthony of Gueuara, preacher, chronicler, and counceller to the Emperour Charles the fifth. Translated out of the Spanish toung, by Edward Hellowes, Groome of the Leashe, and now newly imprinted, corrected, [and] enlarged with other epistles of the same author. VVherein are contained very notable letters ...; Epistolas familiares. English Guevara, Antonio de, Bp., d. 1545?; Hellowes, Edward. 1575 (1575) STC 12433; ESTC S122612 330,168 423

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whiche we may gather for our purpose that chaunging the Captaines of the warres ioyntly therwith fortune doth alter In one self kingdome with one self people vnder one king in one ground and vpon one selfe quarell or demaunde hope you not that Fortune will alwayes be faithfull For in the place where she hath vsed to be moste fauourable it is hir deuise by the same meanes to shewe hir crueltie Rodrigo of Viuero did say vnto me that your honour was not a little gréeued to sée that your departure was prolonged and that the Kyng for this present helde it in suspense And further he sayd vnto me that you held it for so great displeasure that if it were with an other that were your equal you would demaund it at his hand as an iniurie To heare this I do maruell am not a little but muche offended for I holde him not for a good beaste that when they lade him wil stand stock still and when they vnlade him will yerke out behind Since the soule goeth charged with sinnes the hearte with thoughts the spirit with temptations and the body with trauels it is much conuenient for vs that if maye not altogether discharge oure selues of this burden at the least that in some parte we lighten the same Your honour is not so yong a man but that the more part of your life is past and since the lyfe goeth consuming and death approching in my iudgement it should be better counsell for you to occupie your selfe in bewayling your old sins than of newe to shed the bloud of enimies It is nowe time rather to wéepe than to fight to withdraw youre selfe than to vse libertie to make a reckoning with God more than with the king to accomplish with the soule and not with honour to call vpon God and not to prouoke with enemies to distribute your owne and not to take from others to conserue peace and not to inuent warres And if in this case your lordship will not beléeue me from hence forward I diuine that then you shall begin to féele it when you may not remedie the same Your honour deceyueth your self or else I know not what to say for that I sée you flée that you should procure which is quietnesse and you procure that which you should flée which is disquietnesse For there is no man in this world more vnfortunate than he that did neuer experiment what thing it is to be reposed Those that haue trauailed throughout diuers landes and haue had exprience of diuers fortunes the thing that they most desire in this lyfe is with honoure to sée themselues returned to their countrey Of which it may be inferred that it is great temeritie that you alone wil rather go to die amongst strangers than to liue with honor amongst your own Vntil men haue gotten necessarie to eate yea vntill they haue obteined also some surplusage also to giue in my iudgement they ought not much to be blamed although they wander through out diuers kingdomes and put themselues in great perilles For he is as muche worthie reprehension that doth not procure that whiche is necessarie as he that ceasseth not to prouide that which is superfluous After a man hath found that which he hath sought for and also perchaunce it hath happened him better than he thought of if after he be retired vnto his house in great quietnesse will returne to rubbe againe with the world I dare be bold to speake it that such a one eyther lacketh wit or else fortune will be to him vnhappie The diuine Plato doth saye in his bookes of common wealth that Fortune is more contrary vnto that man that he doth not suffer to enioye that which he hath than vnto him to whome he denieth what he craueth I doe beseche and also aduise your honour that after you haue red this sentence that you turne againe and againe too read the same for in my iudgement this sentence of Plato is very true and very profound and also vsed of many For almost we sée it by dayly experience that many men can obtaine fame honour quietnesse riches and haue not the meane afterward to enioye them Iulius Caesar was he that nature endued with most grace● and to whom Fortune did giue most victories and with all this great Pompey did say of him that hée had great hardinesse to ouercome any battaile but that afterwardes he did not vnderstand how to enioy the victory If in the great renoumed battail of Canas Hanniball had knowen how to enioy the conquest he neuer afterwards in the fields of Carthage by Scipio the Aphrican had bin ouercome Your Honour may take it as it pleaseth you and vnderstand thereof as it may like you to cōmaund but in my iudgement he is not so cruell an enemie that hurles his darte at me in the warres as he that comes to driue mée from my house Cōformable to that which I haue said I do say that since we can not flée from cares and trauelles yet at the least that we procure to auoid some displeasures thereof For without comparison much more be the offences that wée seeke vnto our selues than be brought vnto vs by our enemies I will say no more in this letter but that the Gentleman Rodrigo of Viuero and I haue talked some things worthie the vnderstanding and perillous to be writtē I commend them with trust vnto his noblenes here he shal relate them vnto your excellencie there No more but our Lord be your protector and vnto me giue grace to serue him From Medina del Campo the .viij. of Ianuarie .1512 A letter to sir Enrique Enriques wherin the Authour doth answer to many gracious demaundes RIght magnificent and my olde frend Valdiuia your solicitour gaue mée a Letter the whiche séemeth verie well to be written with youre owne hande for that it helde fewe lynes and many blottes As God made you a Knight if he had made you a Scriuener you woulde haue bene more handsome to colour Cordouan skinnes than to haue written proces Sir alwayes frame if you shall write any Letter to bée sente that the lynes bée ryght the Letters close the reasons deuided the letter legible the paper cleane the folding equall the closyng smoothe and the seale cléere for it a lawe of Courte in that whiche is written the wysedome is vttered and in the manner of writyng good manner is knowne In the letter that was giuen mée were contayned many demaundes vnder verie fewe woordes And for that with one Turquois wée both will make but one shewe The case shall be thus to euery demaunde I will answere onely one word First you aske me wherfore I came to the Courte to this I answere that I came not willingly but constrained of necessitie for the contention betwixte me and the Churche of Toledo my comming was expedient to cléere my selfe and to withdraw the lawe Also you demaund of me what I doe in
I assure you and do iudge many tymes with my selfe that for this cause God or the king shew you any fauor bicause you neuer talk with any man with words of fauor worship or curtesie He did so much féele this word that from thence forward he left to say thou and said vnto all men My maisters or by your fauors All men that shal come to talke and haue businesse with your Lordship you ought to vse with mildnesse honour and also fawne on them as euerie man shall deserue and according to their degrées cōmanding the olde men to couer the yong men to rise and some to sit downe For if they delight to serue as vassalles they will not that you intreate them as slaues many vassals wée doe sée euery day rise against their Lords not so much for the tributes they raise on them as for the euil dealings they vse towards them always your Lordship hath to remember that you and they haue one God to honor one King to serue one lawe to kéepe one land to inhabite and one death to fear and if you hold this before your eies you shall speak vnto them as vnto brothers and deale with them as with Christians Aboue all things take greate héede to say at the sodaine to any of your subiects any word that shall staine his kinred or iniurie his person for there is no villain of Saigo so insensible that doth not more féele an iniurious word that is spoken than the chastisement which is giuen and there is a greater euil therin than this that amongst the cōmon and countrey-people all the kinred doth aunswere for the iniurie and the shame to one redoundeth to the despite of the whole whereof it hapneth many times that to be reuenged of a worde the whole people do rise against their lord So in this case take my counsell that if any your subiects shal doe a thing whiche he ought not to do that you determine to chastise him not to vpbrayd or defame him for the chastisement he shal think to procéede of iustice but your vpraiding of malice For any distemperance that may gréeue you or maye happen to anger you Auoyde in any wise to call any man knaue Iew filth or villaine for besides that these woords be rather of tiplers than of Knightes or Gentlemen The Gentleman is bound to be as chast of his spéech as a virgin of hir virginitie for a gentleman to be of a distempred spéeche foule mouthed euill manered loude and foule spoken this maye not procéede of any other occasion but that he is melancholike a coward and feareful For it is notorious vnto all men that vnto the woman it appertaineth to be reuenged with the toung but the knight or Gentleman with his launce The king Demetrius had a certain loue named Lamia whiche when she demaunded Demetrius why he didde not speake and was not merrie he made answere Holde thy peace Lamia and let me alone for I doe as wel my office as thou dost thine for the office of the woman is to spin and prattle and the office of the man is to holde his peace and fight To buffet the boyes of the chamber to pull them by the heare to ioll them against the portall and to spurne with the féete Your Lordship ought not to do it neither consent that it bée done in your presence For in palaces of auctoritie and grauitie to the Lord it appertaineth to manifest his mind and to the stuarde to chastise If your lordship shall commaunde to chastise or to whip any page or seruaunt prouide that it be doone in a place priuie and secrete for it ought to be very strange vnto the Lord or Gentleman that is noble valiant to sée any man wéepe either to heare any complaine The writers of histories do muche prayse the Emperour Octauius Augustus which did neuer consent that any execution shoulde be doone whilest he was within the walles of Rome but for the taking away of any mans lyfe he always went to hunting By the contrarie the Historiographers do much reprehend the Emperour Aurelius who before his owne eyes commaunded his seruants to be whipt and chastised which certaynly he should not haue doone for the clemencie of the Prince oughte to bée such that not only they should not sée the execution neyther yet so much as the person that is executed Your Lordship also hath to beware to aduenture to recoūt newes to compound lies to relate fables and to tell tales For the foolishe man and the tatling tedious Gentleman be brothers children The officers and seruantes of your house you haue to kéepe them corrected warned and also in feare that they rayse no quarels robbe no orchardes spoyle no gardens neither dishonour maried women In such sort that the seruants presume not to doe that whiche theyr Maisters dare not commaunde the yong men and pages that shal attende on you cause them to learne the commandements to praye and fast and to kéepe the Sabbaoth dayes For God wyl neuer deale mercifully with you if you make not greatter accompt that they serue God than your selfe Suche as shall play at cardes or dice for drie money not only chastise them but also dispatch them away for the vice of play may not be susteyned but by stealing or disceyt The pages and yong mē that you shall take into your chamber you haue to make choyse of suche as be wyse honest clenly and secret for babling and foulemouthed boyes they will imbesill your apparell staine your fame Commaunde the Controller of your house that the pages be taught to go clenly to brushe and laye vp their apparel serue at the table put of their cap vse reuerence and to speake with good maner bicause it may not bée named a palace where there wants in the Lorde shamefastnesse and in the seruants good bringing vp To the seruaunt that shall be vertuous and agréeable to your condition trust him with your person let him cōmaund in your house incommend him with your honoure and giue him of your goods vpon suche condition that he presume not to be absolute lord of the common weal for that day that they holde such one in reuerence they shall estéeme you but little If you will enioy seruice and be frée from displeasures you shall giue no man suche rule in your estate that your seruant shall thwart you or your vassal disobey you Also your Lordship is to be aduertized in that as now ye enter of new you attempt not to doe manye newe thinges for euery noueltie doth not more please him that doth institute the same than the accomplishement therof displeaseth hym to whome it is commaunded Lactantius Firmianus doth saye that the common wealth of the Sicienians endured longer than that of the Grekes Aegyptians Lacedemonians and the Romaines bicause in seuen hundreth and fortie yeares they neuer made newe lawes neyther brake their olde Suche as shall counsell you