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A51221 Of patience and submission to authority a sermon preach'd before the Lord Mayor and the Court of Aldermen at Guild-Hall Chapel on the 27th of January, 1683/4 / by John Moore ... Moore, John, 1646-1714. 1684 (1684) Wing M2545; ESTC R32113 43,694 66

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this argument be justify'd and victorious Rebels may believe they are carrying on the work of the Lord. It may be here worth noting how Honorius I. who was Pope above an hundred years before Zachary did reprove the Bishops beyond the Po who were earnest with the Nobility to set up Arioaldus in the place of Adoevaldus King of Italy against their oath of allegiance and summon them to appear with their Cause before him The Popes it seems yet had not discover'd that they had power to dispense with oaths and cancell the obligation of that duty of submission to Kings which St. Peter had laid upon all Christians It was not in those days revealed that that Text Thou hast put all things under his feet was meant of the Pope and the better to accommodate it to his Holiness that we are to understand by the beasts of the field Men by the fowl of the air Angels by the fish of the sea Souls in Purgatory All put under the Pope's feet Now as to Hildebrand though he was a publisher of new Doctrines yet there will be no reason to believe he brought them down from Heaven if we may credit the account of his morals which is given by his Contemporaries Cardinal Benno taxes him with all the deadly sins each of which upon the commission of it does immediately put a man out of a state of salvation With murthers rapine adultery and constant practice of the Black-art Hildebrand however passes always with Bellarmine for a Saint and Baronius recommends his example to the imitation of Paul V. as the most excellent person that ever sate in the Papal Chair And they have no names bad enough to bestow upon Benno Both of them also insinuate the probability of the Book being written by a Lutheran which goes under Benno's name but Baronius was very unlucky in his conjecture that Reinerus Reineccius was the Father of this supposed spurious Piece when near 50 years before the Edition of Reineccius the Life of Hildebrand by Benno was publisht among the Tracts in the Book entitled Fasciculus rerum expetendarum ac fugiendarum It is the main business of these two Learned Men in their voluminous Works to ascribe uncontrollable I may say boundless power to the Bishops of Rome and to maintain their right in the most unconscionable claims to a sovereignty over Emperours and Kings otherwise Bellarmine would never have vented it for truth that the Pope can change the nature of things and that if falling into errour he should command vice and forbid vertue the Church would be bound to believe vertue to be vice and vice to be vertue It being strange that in the same period he supposes the Pope can err he should assign such a power to him as by reason of its inconsistency with the perfections of the Divine Nature we may not ascribe to the Almighty God himself Otherwise Baronius would not have pick'd out of the whole Catalogue of the Popes Gregory VII and Alexander the III. as Patterns for Paul V. to govern himself by At the later of whose Feet Friderick Barbarossa lying prostrate he trampled upon his Neck and began to sing that of David thou shalt goe upon the Asp and Basilisc And to the Emperour who his Spirits boiling within him said this submission is made not to thee but to Peter the angry Pope pressing harder with his Foot did reply both to me and to Peter And Hildebrand the other Pope recommended to Paul V. Henry IV. upbraids with having by money got favour by favour got the sword by the sword placed himself in the seat of Peace and when in the seat of Peace banisht Peace from it Gregory could not but confess himself advanced by violent hands into St. Peter's Chair In which Chair he did dictate or decree That his name alone should be rehearsed in the Churches That he has power to depose Emperours That he ought to be judged by no man That he can absolve Subjects from their allegiance to unjust Princes That he should give himself the title of Christ's Vicar and yet make his Kingdom to be of this World and by his Decrees set aside the plain Precepts of Christ that he should pretend to be the Successour of St. Peter and teach Doctrines directly contrary to those of St. Peter In which Chair he thunder'd out Curses against the Emperours Kings Princes Bishops and demanded Tribute almost of every Kingdom in Europe Engaging them in bloudy Wars and setting their Subjects loose from their duty and obedience He contrived an Oath in such a form to be imposed upon Kings as no honest man could take it Kings are to swear faithfully to observe whatsoever the Pope shall command them Bellarmine's Doctrine truly agrees with this Oath For if the Pope should command a Prince to murther an hundred of his innocent Subjects he was bound to believe it would be a vertue so to doe But the very rage of this fierce and haughty man discharged its self chiefly upon Henry IV. whom he excommunicated four times deposed him unheard and unconvicted and gave his Kingdom to Rodulphus And after a terrible journey in the depth of a severe Winter made him without all his Attendants and stript of his Royal Robes to wait barefoot and fasting three whole days before he would admit him but into his presence he all the time caressing his Mistris in the Castle at Canusium Insomuch as in his own Letter to the Germans upon this occasion he acquaints them that all wonder'd at the strange hardness of his heart and some cryed out of him as not proceeding with the gravity of Apostolic severity but with the cruelty of brutish Tyranny The Church of Liege farther inform us they had read that Hildebrand the onely Pope who hath added to the holy Canons had commanded the Marchioness Mawd as the condition of the forgiveness of her sins to subdue Henry the Emperour but whence say they is this new Authority by which impunity of the sins past and licence for those which shall be hereafter is offer'd to the guilty without confession and repentance These Proceedings do indeed suppose God to have committed to the Pope a power not onely of determining disputable points but as Benedict tells Paul V. of making new Creeds So that is was judiciously observ'd by Aventinus that Hildebrand did absolve men not from their sins but from the Law and Sacraments of Christ undermine the Peace and Piety of our Religion raise War and Seditions indulge Whoredom Murther Perjuries Perfidiousness Rapines Fire and to hide his Ambition did not onely devise Fables corrupt Annals pervert Records but also adulterate the heavenly Oracles Forcing the Divine Writings to serve his Lust by false glosses put upon them And the Councils of Mentz Brixia and Wormes did great service to Christianity and pursued truly the interest of the Church when they deposed
ever such a speech should come out of the mouth of a most eminent Cardinal but on the contrary both St. Paul and Peter lay strict injunctions on their Converts to be subject to their present Governours not because they were in no condition to resist them effectually but for Conscience sake and because they are ordained by God Now if the Magistrate be ordained by God then it is no more lawfull for an hundred thousand men to resist him than for twelve and if we are bound to submit for Conscience sake no encrease of our numbers or strength can alter the rule of our duty or take off the obligation of Conscience So that had the first Christians had more potent Armies than Nero or Julian yet no right ever could have accru'd to them thereby to oppose God's Ordinance or to proceed against their Conscience We may perceive therefore a wide difference between the Cardinal and the Apostles in this matter He resolves the subjection of the Primitive Christians into a mere point of prudence and discretion but they into a principle of duty and conscience He ascribes their quiet and peaceable behaviour under Tyrants to their defect in strength and numbers but we find them in what circumstances soever placed always avowing the necessity of subjection as an indispensable Precept of their Religion but with more modesty certainly we may charge the Cardinal with the guilt of grievous slander than raise a suspicion of the least hypocrisie in the Primitive Martyrs Wherefore notwithstanding the Supreme Authority of a Nation may sometimes be reduced to such extremity as that Rebels may be out of both the fears and danger of the public Sword yet they can never get out of the reach of their own Consciences nor free themselves of those terrible convictions wherewith it will ever sting the Children of disobedience and testify that they shall receive to themselves damnation 2. That the Popes of Rome were the first pretenders from Scripture to a right not onely of resisting Kings but of deposing them and absolving their Subjects from their duty and allegiance Many hundred years after our Saviour's time the Doctrine of non-resistence to the Higher Powers was constantly taught and universally practised in the Christian Church There was a great degeneracy from the primitive strictness in the lives of Christians and much humane mixture in the Doctrines of Christianity before men did claim by a title derived from Christ a right to controll the Supreme Authority And as the lusts of the flesh did more vigorously put forth themselves in the conversation of those who profest the doctrine of the Cross so the greater pains was taken to corrupt a most pure Religion that it might warp into a compliance therewith till at length men had near worn out of their minds the sense of their duty to God and the King It was toward the end of the Eleventh Century when Gregory VII called Hildebrand before he was Pope did take upon him both to excommunicate the Emperour Henry IV. and to devest him of all Royal Power pretending to free his Subjects from the Allegiance they had sworn That Hildebrand was the first Pope who usurped such an extravagant Power over all the crown'd Heads in the World may be made evident from the ancient Acts and Monuments of the Church and the concurrent testimony of the Historians of those and later times The Church of Liege in their answer to Paschal II. declare Hildebrand the Pope is the Authour of this new Schism and has first lift up the Priests Spear against the Imperial Crown and excommunicated those that favour'd the interest of Henry without difference or distinction All were content with the use of the spiritual Sword down from Gregory the first to Gregory the last i.e. Hildebrand who first did arm himself then other Popes against the Emperour by his example I read the Acts says Otto Bishop of Frisingen of the Roman Kings and Emperours over and over and no-where find any of them before this by the Pope to be excommunicated or deprived of his Kingdom Of the Emperours he 's the first that was deposed by the Pope and it is a dispute among the Schoolmen yet undecided whether the Pope can depose the Emperour Thus Trithemius For altho the Bishops of Rome were reverenced as the Heads of the Christian Religion the Vicars of Christ and the Successours of St. Peter yet their Authority extended no farther than to the asserting and defending of points of Faith Gregory VII first of all Popes supported with the Arms of the Normans and the Treasury of Mawd a Lady of powerfull interest thorough Italy and encouraged by the discord of the German Princes engaged in a Civil War when he had got the Popedom contrary to the practice of his Predecessours contemning the power and authority of the Emperour did presume I do not say to excommunicate but to deprive Caesar of his Empire by whom he had himself been confirm'd at least if not elected A thing before those times never heard of This novelty onely not to say Heresie had not yet put forth it self in the world that the Priests should teach the People that they owe no subjection to bad Kings and though they had sworn allegiance to them that yet they ow'd them none Nor were they to be said perjur'd who should conspire against the King Nay he who will obey the King is to be reputed excommunicate he who will resist him to be absolved from the sin of injustice and perjury It is true a few of his Predecessours had made some attempts to incroach upon the Royal Power but what they did can bear no comparison with the Usurpations of Hildebrand And he to avoid the imputation of being the Authour of such unjust Innovations and to make his ambitious designs the more prosperous did alledge that Pope Zachary had deprived King Childeric of the Crown of France and set it upon Pepin's Head But by the stream of Writers it does appear that by a conspiracy of the Nobility and People King Childeric was laid aside and application onely made to the Pope to allow and confirm an ill deed But the deposing of Princes by their own Subjects was a thing in it self so wicked and wherein there was no precedent for Popes to intermeddle that Zachary was to that degree confounded with this Address from Burchardus in the name of the People of France that at first he durst not so much as take into his thoughts a work of such great moment Bellarmine a constant Advocate for the Popes in all Causes says indeed That no man in his wits will deny this act of the Pope to be righteous especially since the event has taught that the change was most happy But if we are to measure the goodness of the deed by the success of the event then all the outrages and villanies in the World so long as they prosper will by