copy_n without_o the_o admittance_n and_o ordinary_a allowance_n of_o the_o lord_n the_o statute_n of_o 16._o r._n 2._o cap._n 5._o which_o make_v it_o a_o forfeiture_n of_o land_n tenament_n and_o hereditament_n to_o the_o purchasor_n of_o excommunication_n bull_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n against_o the_o king_n etc._n etc._n extend_v not_o to_o copyhold_n because_o it_o will_v be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o lord_n to_o have_v the_o king_n so_o far_o intereress_v in_o his_o copyhold_n without_o his_o consent_n the_o stature_n of_o 2._o h._n 5._o ca._n 7._o of_o heretic_n extend_v not_o to_o copyhold_n for_o though_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n be_v yearly_a to_o receive_v a_o benefit_n in_o have_v the_o land_n after_o the_o year_n and_o the_o day_n forfeit_v unto_o he_o yet_o because_o the_o king_n be_v a_o sharer_n in_o this_o for_o feiture_n therefore_o land_n by_o copy_n be_v not_o comprehend_v under_o the_o general_a word_n beside_o the_o statute_n speak_v of_o the_o king_n have_v annuum_fw-la diem_fw-la &_o vastum_fw-la of_o these_o land_n forfeit_v for_o heresy_n as_o in_o land_n forfeit_v for_o felony_n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v that_o such_o land_n only_o shall_v be_v forfeit_v in_o which_o the_o king_n by_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o the_o law_n shall_v have_v a_o nuum_fw-la diem_fw-la &_o vastum_fw-la if_o the_o tenant_n of_o they_o have_v commit_v felony_n but_o such_o land_n be_v not_o land_n by_o copy_n for_o if_o a_o copyholder_n commit_v felony_n his_o copyhold_n be_v present_o forfeit_v to_o the_o lord_n therefore_o copyhold_n be_v out_o of_o the_o general_a purview_n of_o this_o statute_n sec_n liv._o the_o statute_n of_o 27._o h._n 8._o ca._n 10._o of_o use_v touch_v not_o copyhold_n because_o the_o transmutation_n of_o possession_n by_o the_o sole_a operation_n of_o the_o statute_n without_o allowance_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o the_o agreement_n of_o the_o tenant_n will_v tend_v to_o the_o prejudice_n both_o of_o the_o lord_n and_o of_o the_o tenant_n and_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o same_o statute_n which_o speak_v of_o jointure_n touch_v not_o copy-holds_a because_o dower_n of_o copyhold_n be_v warrant_v by_o special_a custom_n only_o and_o not_o by_o the_o common_a law_n or_o by_o the_o general_a custom_n the_o statute_n of_o 31._o of_o h._n 8._o ca._n 1._o &_o 32._o h._n 8._o cap._n 32._o by_o which_o joynt-tenement_n and_o tenant_n in_o common_a be_v compellable_n to_o make_v partition_n by_o a_o writ_n de_fw-fr partitione_n faciend_n as_o copartener_n at_o the_o common_a law_n touch_v not_o copyhold_n because_o this_o alteration_n of_o the_o tenure_n without_o the_o lord_n consent_n may_v sound_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o lord_n the_o statute_n of_o 32._o h._n 8._o ca._n 28._o which_o confirm_v lease_n for_o 21._o year_n or_o three_o life_n make_v by_o tenant_n in_o tail_n or_o by_o the_o husband_n and_o wife_n of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o wife_n touch_v not_o copyhold_n for_o the_o statute_n speak_v of_o lease_n make_v by_o deed_n only_o so_o that_o the_o intent_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v to_o warrant_v the_o lease_n of_o such_o land_n only_o as_o be_v grantable_a by_o deed_n but_o such_o be_v not_o copyhold-land_n for_o though_o they_o may_v by_o licence_n of_o the_o lord_n be_v demise_v by_o indenture_n yet_o in_o their_o own_o name_n they_o be_v demiseable_a only_o by_o copy_n and_o therefore_o out_o of_o the_o general_a purview_n of_o the_o statute_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o same_o statute_n cap._n 34._o which_o give_v a_o entry_n to_o the_o grantee_n of_o a_o reversion_n upon_o the_o breach_n of_o a_o condition_n by_o the_o particular_a tenant_n touch_v not_o copyhold_n sec_n lv._o the_o stat._n of_o 17._o e._n 2._o cap._n 10._o which_o give_v the_o wardship_n of_o idiot_n land_n unto_o the_o king_n touch_v not_o the_o idiot_n copyhold_n for_o thereby_o great_a prejudice_n will_v accrue_v to_o the_o lord_n but_o the_o statute_n of_o marton_n cap._n 1._o which_o give_v damage_n to_o a_o feme_fw-fr upon_o a_o recovery_n in_o a_o writ_n of_o dower_n b._n co._n 4._o foe_n 30._o b._n where_o the_o baron_n die_v seize_v extend_v to_o copyhold_n so_o that_o the_o statute_n of_o westm_n 2._o cap._n 3_o and_o the_o three_o several_a branch_n of_o the_o same_o statute_n 1._o the_o one_o which_o give_v the_o cui_fw-la in_o vita_fw-la upon_o a_o discontinuance_n make_v by_o the_o baron_n 2._o the_o second_o which_o give_v the_o receipt_n unto_o the_o feme_fw-fr upon_o the_o baron_n refusal_n to_o defend_v the_o wife_n title_n 3._o and_o the_o three_o which_o give_v a_o quod_fw-la ei_fw-la deforceat_fw-la to_o particular_a tenant_n extend_v to_o copyhold_n so_o that_o the_o statute_n of_o 31._o h._n 8._o ca._n 13._o of_o monaster_n which_o provide_v for_o the_o avoidance_n of_o double_v of_o estate_n and_o the_o statute_n 32._o h._n 8._o cap._n 9_o against_o champerty_n and_o buy_v of_o litigious_a title_n and_o chap._n 28._o which_o give_v a_o entry_n in_o liew_n of_o a_o cui_fw-la in_o vita_fw-la 26._o co_n 4._o foe_n 26._o extend_v all_o to_o copyhold_n because_o these_o statute_n be_v beneficial_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o not_o at_o all_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o lord_n in_o the_o alteration_n of_o tenure_n estate_n service_n etc._n etc._n so_o the_o statute_n of_o 4._o h._n 7._o cap._n 24._o of_o fines_n extend_v to_o copyhold_n for_o if_o a_o copyholder_n be_v disseise_v and_o the_o desseisor_n levi_v a_o fine_a with_o proclamation_n and_o five_o year_n pass_v without_o any_o claim_n make_v this_o be_v a_o bar_n both_o to_o the_o lord_n and_o to_o the_o copyholder_n so_o if_o a_o copyholder_n make_v a_o feoffment_n in_o fee_n and_o the_o feoffee_n levi_v a_o fine_a with_o proclamation_n and_o five_o year_n pass_v the_o lord_n be_v bar_v but_o if_o a_o copyholder_n levy_v a_o fine_a and_o five_o year_n pass_v the_o lord_n be_v not_o bar_v for_o the_o fine_a levy_v the_o copyhold_n have_v no_o francktenant_n be_v utter_o void_a and_o whereas_o it_o have_v be_v doubt_v that_o this_o statute_n shall_v not_o extend_v to_o copyhold_n but_o the_o lord_n shall_v hereby_o receive_v grand_a prejudice_n a._n co._n 9_o foe_n 105._o a._n for_o he_o shall_v not_o only_o lose_v the_o fine_n upon_o alienation_n or_o descent_n and_o the_o benefit_n of_o forfeiture_n but_o shall_v withal_o be_v in_o hazard_n to_o be_v bar_v of_o his_o francktenant_n and_o inheritance_n to_o that_o i_o answer_v if_o the_o lord_n receive_v any_o such_o prejudice_n it_o be_v through_o his_o own_o default_n for_o not_o make_v claim_n for_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o privity_n in_o estate_n that_o be_v between_o he_o and_o the_o copyholder_n he_o may_v make_v claim_n as_o well_o as_o the_o copyholder_n himself_o et_fw-la vigilantibus_fw-la non_fw-la dormientibus_fw-la jura_fw-la subveniunt_fw-la thus_o have_v i_o show_v under_o what_o statute_n copyhold_n be_v comprehend_v i_o come_v now_o in_o the_o seven_o place_n to_o speak_v of_o fines_n sec_n lvi_o a_o fine_a be_v a_o sum_n of_o money_n pay_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n for_o a_o income_n into_o any_o land_n or_o tenement_n in_o some_o manor_n fine_n be_v certain_a in_o some_o incertain_a copyhold_n fine_n of_o copyhold_n by_o special_a custom_n copyholder_n be_v to_o pay_v fine_n upon_o licence_n grant_v unto_o they_o to_o demise_n by_o indenture_n but_o by_o general_a custom_n they_o be_v to_o pay_v fine_n only_o upon_o admittance_n if_o the_o lord_n have_v a_o copyhold_n by_o escheat_n forfeiture_n or_o other_o mean_n make_v a_o voluntary_a admittance_n a_o fine_a be_v due_a unto_o the_o lord_n if_o a_o copyholder_n surrender_v to_o the_o use_n of_o a_o stranger_n and_o the_o lord_n admit_v a_o fine_a be_v due_a to_o the_o lord_n so_o if_o a_o copyhold_n descend_v and_o the_o lord_n admit_v the_o heir_n where_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n the_o wife_n be_v to_o have_v dower_n and_o the_o husband_n be_v to_o be_v tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n of_o a_o copyhold_n either_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v admit_v and_o shall_v pay_v a_o fine_a to_o the_o lord_n if_o a_o copyhold_n be_v grant_v du_fw-fr rante_fw-fr vie_fw-fr and_o the_o grantee_n die_v live_v cestuy_n que_fw-fr vie_fw-fr and_o a_o stranger_n enter_v as_o a_o general_a occupant_a he_o shall_v be_v admit_v and_o shall_v pay_v a_o fine_a and_o so_o if_o a_o copyhold_n be_v grant_v to_o one_o and_o his_o heir_n durante_fw-la vie_v and_o the_o grantee_n die_v and_o his_o heir_n enter_v as_o a_o special_a occupant_a where_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n a_o copyhold_n may_v be_v extend_v upon_o the_o extent_n the_o party_n shall_v be_v admit_v and_o shall_v pay_v a_o fine_a where_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n
the_o complete_a copyholder_n wherein_o be_v contain_v a_o learned_a discourse_n of_o the_o antiquity_n and_o nature_n of_o manor_n and_o copy-holds_a with_o all_o thing_n thereto_o incident_a as._n surrenders_n presentment_n admittance_n forfeiture_n custom_n etc._n etc._n necessary_a both_o for_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n together_o with_o the_o form_n of_o keep_v a_o copyhold_n court_n and_o court_n baron_n by_o sir_n edward_n coke_n knight_n london_n print_v by_o t._n cotes_n for_o w._n cook_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o his_o shop_n at_o furnivalls-inne_n gate_n in_o holborn_n 1641._o to_o the_o reader_n this_o copy_n come_v to_o my_o hand_n peruse_v and_o reverence_v by_o man_n learn_v in_o the_o law_n i_o think_v most_o worthy_a of_o publication_n the_o very_a name_n of_o the_o composer_n who_o have_v be_v a_o ornament_n to_o our_o kingdom_n be_v enough_o to_o give_v it_o sufficient_a authority_n and_o endear_v it_o to_o every_o wise_a opinion_n but_o the_o profit_n which_o do_v attend_v be_v most_o considerable_a it_o be_v a_o subject_n so_o material_a declare_v the_o antiquity_n of_o manor_n and_o copyhold_n and_o write_v for_o the_o good_a of_o lord_n and_o tenant_n and_o by_o consequence_n of_o all_o man_n it_o can_v but_o receive_v a_o become_a entertainment_n in_o the_o confidence_n of_o this_o truth_n i_o refer_v it_o to_o all_o judicious_a perusal_n not_o a_o little_a congratulate_v my_o own_o happiness_n to_o have_v be_v a_o instrument_n of_o bring_v so_o excellent_a a_o piece_n from_o obscurity_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n w._n c._n manor_n and_o copy-holds_a section_n i._n though_o a_o manor_n and_o copyhold_n have_v such_o mutual_a respect_n and_o reciprocal_a reference_n one_o to_o the_o other_o as_o that_o they_o be_v almost_o in_o nature_n of_o relative_n yet_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o one_o can_v be_v attain_v unto_o unless_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o other_o be_v true_o apprehend_v for_o a_o manor_n be_v as_o the_o body_n and_o copyhold_n certain_a member_n of_o this_o body_n in_o this_o treatise_n i_o will_v discourse_v of_o they_o several_o apart_o and_o begin_v with_o the_o manor_n itself_o especial_o when_o common_a reason_n teach_v we_o that_o totum_fw-la magis_fw-la illustrate_v part_n quam_fw-la part_n aliquae_fw-la illustrant_fw-la totum_fw-la sec_n ii_o the_o saxon_n who_o hold_v england_n in_o subjection_n immediate_o before_o the_o come_n of_o the_o norman_n be_v unacquainted_a with_o these_o manor_n yet_o in_o effect_n they_o have_v manor_n in_o those_o day_n in_o circumstance_n peradventure_o something_o vary_v in_o substance_n sure_o nothing_o differ_v from_o our_o manor_n at_o this_o day_n they_o want_v neither_o demesne_n nor_o service_n the_o two_o material_a cause_n of_o a_o manor_n as_o fulbecke_n term_v they_o dicalogue_n fulbecke_n in_o his_o four_o dicalogue_n their_o demesne_n they_o term_v inland_n because_o the_o lord_n keep_v they_o in_o their_o own_o hand_n and_o enjoy_v they_o in_o their_o own_o possession_n their_o service_n they_o term_v vtlands_n because_o those_o land_n be_v in_o the_o manurance_n and_o occupation_n of_o certain_a tenant_n who_o in_o consideration_n of_o the_o profit_n arise_v out_o of_o these_o land_n be_v bind_v to_o perform_v unto_o their_o lord_n certain_a duty_n and_o service_n their_o demesne_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n and_o their_o service_n likewise_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n sec_n iii_o one_o sort_n of_o their_o demesne_n be_v term_v bockland_n because_o they_o pass_v by_o book_n and_o they_o in_o effect_n differ_v nothing_o from_o our_o freehold_a land_n at_o this_o day_n sec_n iv_o the_o other_a sort_n of_o their_o demesne_n be_v term_v folklands_n because_o they_o pass_v by_o poll_n and_o be_v claim_v and_o challenge_v by_o the_o tenant_n not_o by_o any_o assurance_n in_o write_n but_o only_o by_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o people_n per_fw-la vocem_fw-la populi_fw-la and_o they_o in_o effect_n differ_v in_o nothing_o from_o copyhold_n land_n at_o this_o day_n sec_n v._o touch_v their_o service_n one_o sort_n of_o their_o service_n be_v servicia_fw-la libera_fw-la which_o consist_v most_o common_o in_o render_v as_o to_o pay_v yearly_o such_o a_o rent_n or_o in_o vser_n as_o where_o the_o lord_n reserve_v common_a for_o his_o cattle_n or_o in_o prender_n as_o where_o the_o lord_n reserve_v three_o shilling_n and_o four_o load_n of_o estover_n for_o fuel_n to_o be_v take_v yearly_a in_o his_o tenant_n ground_n sec_n vi_o the_o other_a sort_n of_o service_n be_v servitia_fw-la villana_fw-la which_o consist_v altogether_o in_o fesance_n as_o to_o scour_v the_o lord_n ditch_n to_o tile_n his_o house_n to_o thatch_v his_o barn_n or_o such_o like_a sec_n vii_o and_o in_o the_o reservation_n of_o these_o service_n the_o lord_n have_v a_o special_a respect_n unto_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o land_n do_v they_o transfer_v their_o bockelands_n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la freehold_n land_n they_o will_v never_o reserve_v villain_fw-fr service_n do_v they_o transfer_v their_o folkland_n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la copyhold_n land_n they_o will_v never_o reserve_v free_a service_n but_o still_o they_o suit_v their_o service_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n the_o reason_n i_o gather_v be_v this_o in_o those_o day_n none_o but_o man_n of_o good_a account_n and_o reckon_v enjoy_v the_o say_a bock_n land_n whereas_o holblands_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o man_n of_o mean_a sort_n and_o condition_n and_o therefore_o have_v not_o the_o lord_n care_v be_v extraordinary_a in_o reserve_v apt_a service_n they_o shall_v have_v much_o wrong_v their_o tenant_n exscripta_a lamb._n in_o his_o explication_n of_o the_o saxon_a word_n terra_fw-la exscripta_a and_o thus_o much_o lambert_n verifi_v say_v terra_fw-la ex_fw-la scripto_fw-la fuit_fw-la haereditaria_fw-la libera_fw-la at_o que_fw-la immunis_fw-la terra_fw-la vero_fw-la sine_fw-la scripto_fw-la officiorum_fw-la quadam_fw-la servitute_fw-la fâ—it_fw-la obligata_fw-la priorem_fw-la plerum_fw-la que_fw-la nobiles_fw-la atque_fw-la ingenui_fw-la posteriorem_fw-la vero_fw-la rustici_fw-la feri_fw-la &_o pagani_fw-la possidebant_fw-la lambert_n term_v these_o bocklands_n terras_fw-la liberas_fw-la atque_fw-la immunes_fw-la non_fw-la quod_fw-la ab_fw-la omnibus_fw-la servitiis_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la liberae_fw-la aut_fw-la immunes_fw-la sed_fw-la quod_fw-la tenentes_fw-la ipsi_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la liberi_fw-la &_o servitiis_fw-la tantum_fw-la liberis_fw-la onerati_fw-la but_o i_o much_o wonder_v why_o this_o bockland_n do_v to_o this_o day_n retain_v the_o name_n of_o freehold_n land_n since_o time_n have_v breed_v such_o a_o alteration_n that_o in_o the_o point_n of_o service_n a_o man_n can_v scarce_o discern_v any_o difference_n between_o freehold_n land_n and_o copyhold_n land_n the_o favourable_a hand_n of_o time_n have_v so_o enfranchise_v these_o copy-holders_n that_o whereas_o in_o the_o saxon_n time_n their_o service_n do_v consist_v whole_o in_o feasance_n now_o they_o consist_v in_o render_v in_o vser_n and_o in_o prender_v as_o freeholders_n service_n do_v in_o those_o day_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n time_n have_v deal_v so_o unfavourable_o with_o freeholders_n and_o have_v so_o abridge_v they_o of_o their_o former_a freedom_n that_o if_o you_o compare_v the_o service_n of_o the_o freeholders_n with_o the_o service_n of_o the_o copy-holders_n senties_fw-la hunc_fw-la potius_fw-la quam_fw-la illum_fw-la fore_fw-la liberum_fw-la how_o many_o freeholders_n be_v there_o at_o this_o day_n charge_v with_o base_a service_n as_o many_o i_o doubt_v not_o as_o there_o be_v copy-holders_n no_o marvel_n then_o that_o many_o able_a man_n turn_v copy-holders_n and_o many_o peasant_n turn_v freeholder_n no_o marvel_n i_o say_v that_o man_n of_o all_o sort_n and_o condition_n promiscuous_o both_o freeholders_n and_o copy-holders_n since_o there_o be_v such_o small_a respect_n have_v unto_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o land_n in_o the_o reservation_n of_o our_o service_n yet_o observe_v i_o pray_v though_o time_n have_v so_o enfranchise_v these_o copy-holders_n that_o they_o have_v in_o a_o manner_n shake_v off_o all_o villain_n service_n yet_o they_o retain_v a_o badge_n of_o their_o former_a bondage_n for_o they_o remain_v still_o subject_a to_o their_o lord_n will_v therefore_o at_o this_o day_n they_o be_v term_v tenant_n at_o will_n but_o with_o freeholders_n otherwise_v it_o be_v for_o they_o be_v not_o in_o that_o subjection_n to_o their_o lord_n peradventure_o in_o this_o respect_n only_a bocklands_n may_v be_v term_v freehold_n land_n and_o folk-land_n villain_n land_n and_o yet_o time_n have_v deal_v very_o favourable_o with_o copy-holders_n in_o this_o point_n of_o will_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o point_n of_o service_n sec_n viii_o 51._o bract_n lib._n 4._o tr._n 3._o cap_n 9_o numb_a 5._o fleta_n lib._n 5._o cap_n 51._o for_o as_o i_o conjecture_v in_o the_o saxon_n time_n sure_o i_o be_o in_o the_o norman_n time_n those_o copy-holders_n be_v so_o far_o subject_a to_o the_o lord_n will_v that_o eorum_fw-la tenentes_fw-la
tempestive_a &_o intempestive_a pro_fw-la voluntate_fw-la domini_fw-la possent_fw-la resumi_fw-la &_o revocari_fw-la as_o bracton_n and_o fleta_n both_o speak_v the_o lord_n upon_o the_o least_o occasion_n sometime_o without_o any_o colour_n of_o reason_n only_o upon_o discontentment_n and_o malice_n sometime_o again_o upon_o some_o sudden_a fantastic_a humour_n only_o to_o make_v evident_a to_o the_o world_n the_o height_n of_o their_o power_n and_o authority_n will_v expel_v out_o of_o house_n and_o home_n their_o poor_a copy-holders_n leave_v they_o helpless_a and_o remediless_a by_o any_o course_n of_o law_n and_o drive_v they_o to_o sue_v by_o way_n of_o petition_n sec_n ix_o but_o now_o copy-holders_n stand_n upon_o a_o sure_a ground_n now_o they_o weigh_v not_o their_o lord_n displeasure_n they_o shake_v not_o at_o every_o sudden_a blast_n of_o wind_n they_o eat_v drink_n and_o sleep_v secure_o only_o have_v a_o special_a care_n of_o the_o mainechance_v viz._n to_o perform_v careful_o what_o duty_n and_o service_n soever_o their_o tenure_n do_v exact_a and_o custom_n do_v require_v then_o let_v lord_n frown_v the_o copyholder_n care_v not_o know_v himself_o safe_a and_o not_o within_o any_o danger_n for_o if_o the_o lord_n anger_v grow_v to_o expulsion_n the_o law_n have_v provide_v several_a weapon_n of_o remedy_n for_o it_o be_v at_o his_o election_n either_o to_o sue_v a_o subpoena_fw-la or_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n against_o the_o lord_n time_n have_v deal_v very_o favourable_o with_o copy-holders_n in_o divers_a respect_n sec_n x._o but_o i_o perceive_v myself_o rash_o running_n into_o a_o inextricable_a labyrinth_n i_o will_v therefore_o sail_v no_o long_o in_o these_o unknown_a coast_n but_o will_v hasten_v homeward_o i_o will_v content_v my_o self_n with_o this_o i_o know_v among_o the_o saxon_n th'essential_a part_n of_o a_o manor_n be_v know_v but_o whether_o there_o then_o be_v the_o same_o form_n of_o manor_n which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n that_o i_o dare_v not_o examine_v for_o fear_v of_o be_v account_v more_o curious_a than_o judicious_a and_o therefore_o leave_v the_o saxon_n i_o draw_v somewhat_o near_o home_n and_o come_v to_o the_o norman_n from_o who_o we_o have_v the_o very_a form_n of_o manor_n which_o be_v observe_v among_o we_o at_o this_o present_a hour_n sec_n xi_o i_o confess_v indeed_o that_o sithence_o the_o original_a creation_n of_o manor_n time_n have_v bring_v in_o some_o innovation_n and_o alteration_n as_o in_o give_v a_o large_a freedom_n unto_o copy-holders_n both_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o service_n and_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o tenure_n yet_o i_o may_v bold_o say_v that_o the_o selfsame_o form_n of_o manor_n remain_v unaltered_a in_o substance_n though_o something_o alter_v in_o circumstance_n demesne_n term_v in_o latin_a demanium_fw-la domanium_fw-la or_o dominicum_fw-la be_v take_v in_o a_o double_a sense_n proprie_fw-la and_o improprie_fw-la proprie_fw-la for_o that_o land_n which_o be_v in_o the_o king_n own_o hand_n 2._o chopimus_fw-la de_fw-la demonio_fw-la froute_fw-mi lib._n 2._o and_o the_o chopimus_fw-la say_v that_o domanium_fw-la est_fw-la illud_fw-la quod_fw-la consecratum_fw-la unitum_fw-la &_o incorporatum_fw-la est_fw-la regiae_fw-la coronae_fw-la take_v domanium_fw-la in_o this_o sense_n and_o then_o you_o exclude_v all_o common_a person_n from_o be_v seize_v in_o dominico_n for_o admit_v the_o king_n pass_v over_o the_o demesne_n land_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o come_v into_o a_o common_a person_n hand_n desinunt_fw-la esse_fw-la terrae_fw-la dominicales_fw-la for_o though_o the_o king_n pattentee_n have_v the_o land_n grant_v to_o he_o and_o to_o his_o heir_n yet_o come_v from_o the_o king_n must_v necessary_o be_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o demesne_n land_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o any_o therefore_o though_o those_o land_n which_o common_o be_v term_v ancient_a demesne_n viz._n such_o land_n as_o be_v quondam_a in_o the_o hand_n of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n may_v proper_o be_v term_v general_o ancient_a demesne_n because_o they_o be_v in_o ancient_a time_n in_o the_o king_n own_o possession_n yet_o to_o term_v they_o at_o this_o day_n the_o lord_n demesne_n or_o the_o tenant_n demesne_n be_v sever_v from_o the_o crown_n be_v improper_a ca._n qua_fw-la super_fw-la sec_n xii_o then_o by_o this_o it_o appear_v that_o those_o land_n be_v term_v impropriè_fw-la demesne_fw-la which_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o inferior_a lord_n or_o tenant_n nor_o can_v such_o a_o one_o in_o propriety_n of_o speech_n be_v say_v to_o stand_v seize_v of_o any_o land_n whatsoever_o in_o dominico_n svo_fw-la but_o if_o you_o observe_v narrow_o the_o manner_n of_o plead_n the_o word_n be_v use_v in_o a_o proper_a sense_n for_o you_o shall_v never_o find_v that_o a_o inferior_a lord_n or_o tenant_n will_v plead_v that_o he_o be_v simple_o seize_v in_o dominico_n but_o still_o with_o this_o addition_n in_o dominico_n svo_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la and_o that_o very_o apt_o for_o this_o word_n fee_n impli_v thus_o much_o that_o his_o estate_n be_v not_o absolute_a but_o depend_v upon_o some_o superior_a lord_n therefore_o i_o conclude_v with_o the_o feudist_n that_o a_o common_a person_n may_v apt_o be_v say_v to_o stand_v seize_v in_o feodo_n or_o in_o dominico_n svo_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la seod_fw-la but_o improper_o in_o dominico_n simple_o the_o king_n è_fw-la conuerso_fw-la may_v proper_o be_v say_v to_o stand_v seize_v dominico_n simple_o but_o in_o feodo_n improper_o or_o in_o dominico_n svo_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la bracton_n divide_v these_o demesne_n land_n into_o two_o branch_n under_o the_o first_o be_v comprehend_v those_o land_n which_o the_o lord_n enjoy_v in_o his_o own_o possession_n under_o the_o second_o those_o land_n which_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o inferior_a copy-holders_n his_o word_n be_v these_o dominicum_fw-la dicitur_fw-la quod_fw-la quis_fw-la habet_fw-la ad_fw-la mensam_fw-la svam_fw-la &_o idcirco_fw-la anglice_fw-la vocat_fw-la bordland_n 5._o bract._n lib._n 4._o tract_n 3._o cap._n 9_o numb_a 5._o dicitur_fw-la etiam_fw-la dominicum_fw-la villinagium_fw-la quod_fw-la traditur_fw-la villanis_fw-la quod_fw-la quis_fw-la tempestive_n &_o intempestive_a resumere_fw-la possit_fw-la pro_fw-la voluntate_fw-la sva_fw-la &_o revocare_fw-la sec_n xiii_o fleta_n agree_v with_o bracton_n in_o this_o division_n 5._o fleta_n lib._n 5._o cap._n 5._o and_o unto_o these_o two_o he_o add_v more_o sort_n of_o demesne_n land_n his_o word_n be_v these_o dominicum_fw-la est_fw-la multiplex_fw-la est_fw-la autem_fw-la dominicum_fw-la proprie_fw-la terra_fw-la ad_fw-la mensam_fw-la assignata_fw-la &_o villinagium_fw-la quod_fw-la traditur_fw-la villanis_fw-la ad_fw-la excolendum_fw-la quae_fw-la tempestive_a &_o intempestive_a pro_fw-la voluntate_fw-la domimi_fw-la &_o poterit_fw-la revocari_fw-la sicut_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-la terra_fw-la commissa_fw-la tenend_n quamdiu_fw-la commissori_fw-la placuerit_fw-la poterit_fw-la &_o dici_fw-la dominicum_fw-la de_fw-la quo_fw-la quis_fw-la habet_fw-la liberum_fw-la tenementum_fw-la alius_fw-la usum_fw-la fruct_v &_o etiam_fw-la ubi_fw-la quis_fw-la habet_fw-la liberum_fw-la tenementum_fw-la aliter_fw-la curam_fw-la de_fw-la custode_fw-la dicipoterit_fw-la &_o curatore_fw-la quorun_v unus_fw-la dicitur_fw-la ab_fw-la homine_fw-la alius_fw-la in_o jure_fw-la dominicum_fw-la etiam_fw-la dicitur_fw-la ad_fw-la differentiam_fw-la ejus_fw-la quod_fw-la tenetur_fw-la in_o servitio_fw-la dominicum_fw-la denique_fw-la est_fw-la omne_fw-la illud_fw-la tenementum_fw-la de_fw-la quo_fw-la antecessor_n obiit_fw-la sesitus_fw-la nec_fw-la refert_fw-la cum_fw-la usu_fw-la fructu_fw-la vel_fw-la sine_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr quo_fw-la si_fw-la ejectus_fw-la esset_fw-la recuperare_fw-la possit_fw-la per_fw-la assisam_fw-la nove_fw-la deseisme_n licet_fw-la alius_fw-la haberet_fw-la usum_fw-la fructum_fw-la sicut_fw-la dici_fw-la poterit_fw-la de_fw-la illis_fw-la qui_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o villenagio_fw-it qui_fw-la utuntur_fw-la &_o fruuntur_fw-la non_fw-la nemine_fw-la proprio_fw-la sed_fw-la nomine_fw-la domini_fw-la svi_fw-la sec_n fourteen_o this_o opinion_n of_o bract._n and_o fleta_n bo_o h_o consent_v in_o one_o that_o copyhold_n land_n be_v parcel_n of_o the_o lord_n demesne_n want_v not_o modern_a authority_n to_o second_v it_o for_o 15._o eliz._n in_o the_o excheq_n i_o find_v it_o adjudge_v in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o common_a person_n howsoever_o it_o be_v otherwise_o in_o the_o king_n case_n that_o if_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n grant_v a_o way_n omnes_fw-la terras_fw-la svas_fw-la dominicales_fw-la the_o copy_n hold_v parcel_n of_o the_o manor_n pass_v by_o these_o general_a word_n neither_o do_v this_o want_n reason_n to_o confirm_v it_o for_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o 3._o and_o e._n 2._o when_o bract._n and_o fleta_n live_v copy-holders_n be_v account_v mere_a tenant_n at_o will_n and_o therefore_o after_o a_o sort_n their_o land_n repute_v to_o continue_v still_o in_o the_o lord_n hand_n and_o now_o though_o custom_n have_v afford_v they_o a_o sure_a foundation_n to_o build_v upon_o yet_o the_o francke_n tenement_n at_o the_o common_a law_n rest_v in_o the_o lord_n it_o can_v
be_v no_o strange_a thing_n to_o place_v their_o land_n under_o the_o rank_n of_o the_o lord_n demesne_n but_o to_o deliver_v my_o mind_n more_o free_o in_o this_o point_n i_o think_v that_o howsoever_o according_a to_o the_o strict_a rule_n of_o law_n these_o copy-holds_a be_v parcel_n of_o land_n demesne_n yet_o in_o propriety_n of_o speech_n if_o propriety_n can_v be_v in_o impropriety_n they_o be_v the_o more_o apt_o call_v the_o copy-holders_n demesne_n for_o though_o the_o frank_n tenement_n be_v in_o the_o lord_n by_o the_o common_a law_n yet_o by_o the_o custom_n the_o inheritance_n abide_v in_o the_o copy-holders_n and_o it_o be_v not_o deny_v if_o a_o copyholder_n be_v implead_v in_o make_v title_n to_o his_o copyhold_n he_o may_v just_o plead_v quod_fw-la est_fw-la seisitus_fw-la in_o dominico_n svo_fw-la with_o this_o addition_n secundum_fw-la consuetud_fw-la manerii_fw-la therefore_o i_o conclude_v that_o howsoever_o the_o common_a law_n valu_v the_o title_n of_o the_o copyholder_n yet_o he_o have_v such_o a_o interest_n confirm_v unto_o he_o by_o custom_n that_o the_o lord_n have_v no_o power_n to_o resume_v his_o land_n at_o your_o own_o pleasure_n they_o be_v though_o improper_o call_v yet_o peradventure_o true_o account_v the_o lord_n demesne_n and_o that_o in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o world_n howsoever_o it_o be_v in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n that_o these_o land_n alone_o can_v proper_o challenge_v the_o name_n of_o the_o lord_n demesne_n if_o any_o land_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o inferior_a lord_n may_v proper_o challenge_v that_o name_n which_o the_o lord_n reserve_v in_o his_o own_o hand_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o his_o own_o board_n or_o table_n be_v it_o his_o waste_n ground_n his_o arable_a ground_n his_o pasture_n ground_n or_o his_o meadow_n be_v it_o his_o copyhold_n which_o he_o have_v by_o escheat_n by_o forfiture_n or_o by_o purchase_n or_o be_v it_o any_o part_n of_o his_o freehold_a land_n of_o which_o i_o must_v speak_v a_o word_n by_o the_o way_n not_o to_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v demesne_fw-la for_o manifesta_fw-la probatione_fw-la non_fw-la indigentes_fw-la but_o to_o show_v you_o in_o what_o sense_n it_o be_v take_v and_o how_o far_o it_o extend_v sec_n xv._o a_o freehold_n be_v take_v in_o a_o double_a sense_n either_o it_o be_v name_v a_o freehold_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o land_n or_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o law_n sec_n xvi_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o land_n so_o copyholder_n may_v be_v freeholder_n for_o any_o that_o have_v any_o estate_n for_o his_o life_n or_o any_o great_a estate_n in_o any_o land_n whatsoever_o may_v in_o this_o sense_n be_v term_v a_o freeholder_n sec_n xvii_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o law_n and_o so_o it_o be_v oppose_v to_o copy_n holder_n that_o what_o land_n soever_o be_v not_o copyhold_n be_v freehold_a and_o in_o this_o sense_n i_o take_v throughout_o this_o discourse_n sec_n xviii_o the_o name_n of_o freeholder_n extend_v not_o only_o unto_o land_n hold_v per_fw-la servitium_fw-la militare_fw-la as_o it_o do_v by_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o scot_n milit_fw-la skens_n de_fw-fr verb._n sign_n do_fw-mi milit_fw-la and_o among_o who_o freeholder_n be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o milites_fw-la but_o it_o reach_v likewise_o to_o land_n hold_v per_fw-la servitium_fw-la socae_fw-la whether_o in_o libero_fw-la socagio_fw-it or_o in_o villano_fw-la socagio_fw-it liberum_fw-la socagium_fw-la be_v where_o any_o tenant_n hold_v of_o any_o lord_n by_o pay_v yearly_a a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n in_o lieu_n of_o tillage_n and_o such_o like_a service_n and_o not_o by_o escuage_n and_o this_o be_v term_v sometime_o common_a socage_n socagium_fw-la villanum_fw-la be_v where_o the_o ancient_a service_n of_o carry_v the_o lord_n dung_n into_o the_o field_n call_v stat._n 37_o h._n 8._o cap._n 20._o it_o be_v so_o call_v of_o plough_v his_o ground_n at_o certain_a day_n of_o plash_v his_o hedge_n and_o such_o be_v not_o turn_v into_o money_n but_o remain_v still_o unaltered_a and_o if_o you_o doubt_v that_o such_o land_n as_o be_v hold_v per_fw-la villanum_fw-la socagium_fw-la can_v come_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o freehold_a land_n for_o your_o satisfaction_n read_v bracton_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 8._o num_fw-la 8._o hactenus_fw-la de_fw-la primo_fw-la defunctionis_fw-la membro_fw-la ad_fw-la secundum_fw-la properemus_fw-la &_o pauca_fw-la de_fw-la servitiis_fw-la domino_fw-la debitis_fw-la periractemus_fw-la service_n in_o individuo_fw-la be_v manifold_a in_o specie_fw-la threefold_a 1._o corporal_a service_n 2._o annual_a service_n 3._o accidental_a service_n corporal_a service_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n service_n of_o submission_n service_n of_o profit_n sec_n xix_o service_n of_o submission_n be_v homage_n and_o fealty_n which_o be_v certain_a ceremony_n use_v among_o tenant_n whereby_o they_o submit_v themselves_o unto_o their_o lord_n and_o bind_v themselves_o by_o solemn_a oath_n or_o by_o faithful_a promise_n from_o that_o day_n forward_o to_o become_v the_o lord_n man_n for_o life_n for_o member_n for_o terrene_a honour_n or_o adminimum_fw-la to_o owe_v unto_o he_o faith_n for_o the_o land_n which_o they_o hold_v of_o he_o both_o these_o ceremony_n be_v use_v at_o the_o first_o entrance_n or_o admittance_n of_o any_o tenant_n and_o both_o tend_v to_o one_o end_n viz._n to_o enforce_v every_o tenant_n to_o acknowledge_v and_o confess_v himself_o tenant_n unto_o his_o immediate_a lord_n yet_o they_o differ_v in_o many_o material_a point_n sec_n xx._n in_o regard_n of_o their_o several_a manner_n of_o performance_n for_o in_o do_v fealty_n the_o tenant_n take_v a_o solemn_a oath_n in_o do_v homage_n only_o give_v his_o faithful_a promise_n and_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o fealty_n be_v account_v the_o more_o sacred_a service_n though_o homage_n be_v the_o more_o humble_a service_n and_o perform_v with_o far_o great_a reverence_n than_o fealty_n in_o many_o respect_n for_o in_o do_v homage_n the_o tenant_n kneel_v in_o do_v fealty_n he_o stand_v in_o do_v homage_n the_o tenant_n must_v remain_v uncover_v in_o do_v fealty_n he_o may_v remain_v cover_v in_o do_v homage_n the_o lord_n kiss_v his_o tenant_n in_o do_v fealty_n he_o kiss_v he_o not_o last_o in_o do_v homage_n the_o tenant_n promise_v to_o become_v the_o lord_n man_n for_o life_n for_o member_n and_o terrene_a honour_n in_o do_v fealty_n he_o only_o swear_v to_o become_v the_o lord_n faithful_a tenant_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o difference_n i_o learn_v to_o be_v this_o homage_n skens_n de_fw-fr verb._n signum_fw-la homage_n because_o homage_n especial_o concern_v service_n in_o war_n &_o proper_o appertain_v unto_o knight_n service_n but_o fealty_n chief_o concern_v service_n at_o home_n and_o proper_o appertain_v to_o socage_n tenure_n and_o though_o now_o it_o be_v hold_v that_o a_o tenant_n by_o socage_n may_v do_v homage_n and_o that_o homage_n ex_fw-la se_fw-la make_v socage_n tenure_n and_o not_o knight_n service_n yet_o original_o homage_n be_v invent_v for_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n and_o such_o as_o be_v bind_v by_o their_o tenure_n to_o attend_v their_o lord_n in_o the_o war_n but_o fealty_n be_v primary_o devise_v for_o tenant_n in_o socage_n and_o such_o as_o be_v bind_v by_o their_o tenure_n to_o manure_v the_o lord_n ground_n and_o careful_o to_o discharge_v all_o rural_a affair_n and_o this_o agree_v with_o the_o ancient_a law_n in_o scotland_n for_o among_o they_o none_o be_v account_v freeholder_n but_o only_a tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n and_o consequent_o none_o but_o they_o can_v do_v homage_n and_o therefore_o marvel_v not_o why_o in_o do_v homage_n the_o tenant_n promise_v to_o become_v the_o lord_n man_n for_o life_n for_o member_n for_o terrene_a honour_n in_o do_v fealty_n he_o only_o swear_v to_o become_v the_o lord_n faithful_a tenant_n 2._o they_o differ_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o person_n to_o who_o they_o be_v perform_v and_o that_o two_o way_n in_o respect_n none_o be_v capable_a of_o receive_v homage_n but_o the_o lord_n in_o person_n but_o the_o lord_n steward_n or_o his_o bailiff_n be_v capable_a to_o receive_v fealty_n in_o the_o lord_n behalf_n 2._o in_o respect_n that_o a_o lord_n who_o have_v but_o a_o estate_n for_o his_o life_n in_o his_o seignory_n can_v receive_v homage_n but_o such_o a_o lord_n may_v receive_v fealty_n 3._o they_o differ_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o person_n to_o who_o they_o be_v perform_v and_o that_o two_o way_n 1._o in_o respect_v the_o to_o no_o copyholder_n be_v capable_a of_o do_v homage_n but_o he_o be_v of_o do_v fealty_n witness_v common_a experience_n 2._o in_o respect_n that_o a_o tenant_n for_o life_n or_o year_n be_v unable_a to_o do_v homage_n for_o it_o be_v a_o ground_n in_o law_n that_o none_o can_v do_v homage_n but_o tenant_n in_o fee-simple_n or_o ad_fw-la
these_o guardian_n term_v among_o the_o civilian_n tutores_fw-la a_o praetore_fw-la dati_fw-la be_v common_o call_v guardian_n pur_fw-mi nurture_n and_o thus_o in_o word_n we_o somewhat_o differ_v in_o matter_n nothing_o 3._o we_o have_v tutorem_fw-la ligiâ—tâ—mum_fw-la viz._n where_o the_o interest_n do_v de_fw-la jure_fw-la belong_v unto_o any_o without_o the_o nomination_n of_o a_o private_a person_n or_o the_o appointment_n of_o any_o public_a officer_n and_o this_o guardian_n be_v twofold_a either_o ligitimus_fw-la jure_fw-la naturae_fw-la or_o ligiâ—imus_fw-la jure_fw-la comuni_fw-la ligitimus_fw-la jure_fw-la naturae_fw-la as_o where_o the_o father_n or_o the_o mother_n have_v the_o wardship_n of_o their_o heir_n apparent_a be_v it_o heir_n male_a or_o female_a ligitimus_fw-la jure_fw-la comuni_fw-la and_o that_o guardian_n be_v twofold_a either_o guardian_n in_o chivalry_n or_o guardian_n in_o soccage_n guardian_n in_o chivalry_n be_v where_o any_o tenant_n seize_v of_o land_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n die_v his_o heir_n male_a under_o the_o age_n of_o fourteen_o and_o unmarried_a then_o shall_v the_o lord_n have_v the_o ward_n both_o of_o the_o land_n and_o body_n of_o this_o heir_n male_a unto_o the_o age_n of_o 21._o because_o the_o law_n intend_v that_o before_o that_o age_n the_o heir_n be_v unable_a to_o perform_v knight_n service_n according_a to_o the_o tenure_n but_o the_o heir_n female_a shall_v be_v in_o ward_n no_o long_o than_o to_o the_o age_n of_o sixteen_o because_o the_o heir_n female_a though_o she_o herself_o be_v unable_a to_o perform_v knight_n service_n yet_o at_o sixteen_o she_o be_v able_a to_o take_v a_o husband_n who_o in_o her_o behalf_n may_v do_v knight_n service_n and_o therefore_o at_o those_o year_n she_o shall_v be_v out_o of_o ward_n nay_o sometime_o she_o shall_v be_v out_o of_o ward_n before_o sixteen_o and_o that_o be_v either_o where_o she_o be_v marry_v at_o the_o death_n of_o her_o ancestor_n or_o where_o she_o be_v any_o whit_n above_o fourteen_o when_o her_o ancestor_n die_v in_o neither_o of_o these_o case_n shall_v she_o be_v in_o ward_n at_o all_o for_o though_o the_o stat._n of_o w._n 1._o cap._n 11._o give_v unto_o the_o lord_n two_o year_n next_o ensue_v the_o fourteen_o yet_o that_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v where_o she_o be_v under_o the_o age_n of_o fourteen_o and_o unmarried_a at_o her_o ancestor_n death_n and_o not_o otherwise_o this_o for_o guardian_n in_o chivalry_n guardian_n in_o socage_n be_v where_o any_o one_o seize_v of_o socage_n land_n die_v his_o heir_n under_o the_o age_n of_o fourteen_o than_o the_o next_o friend_n unto_o the_o heir_n to_o who_o the_o inheritance_n can_v descend_v shall_v have_v the_o ward_n of_o the_o heir_n body_n and_o of_o his_o land_n until_o the_o age_n of_o fourteen_o as_o if_o the_o land_n descend_v unto_o the_o heir_n by_o the_o father_n side_n then_o the_o mother_n or_o next_o cousin_n of_o the_o mother_n side_n shall_v have_v the_o ward_n and_o if_o the_o land_n descend_v to_o the_o heir_n by_o the_o mother_n side_n than_o the_o father_n or_o next_o cousin_n on_o the_o father_n side_n shall_v have_v the_o ward_n to_o conclude_v observe_v this_o difference_n between_o guardian_n in_o chivalry_n and_o guardian_n in_o socage_n that_o they_o one_o receive_v the_o commodity_n of_o the_o land_n to_o his_o own_o use_n without_o give_v any_o account_n the_o other_a only_o to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o heir_n to_o who_o he_o shall_v be_v accountable_a whensoever_o it_o shall_v please_v the_o heir_n to_o call_v he_o to_o account_v after_o th'age_n of_o fourteen_o thus_o much_o concern_v wardship_n a_o word_n concern_v herriot_n sec_n xxiv_o herriot_n or_o harriot_n come_v of_o the_o latin_a word_n herus_fw-la dominus_fw-la because_o it_o be_v a_o duty_n appropriate_v to_o the_o lord_n or_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o saxon_a word_n here_o exercitus_fw-la because_o in_o the_o saxon_n time_n when_o the_o name_n of_o herriot_n be_v first_o know_v herrior_n signify_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o tribute_n give_v to_o the_o lord_n for_o his_o better_a preparation_n towards_o war_n as_o a_o horse_n trap_v or_o a_o spear_n or_o armour_n or_o a_o sword_n or_o some_o suchlike_a military_a weapon_n and_o therefore_o in_o this_o sense_n import_v a_o thing_n appertain_v to_o the_o war_n and_o be_v due_a unto_o the_o lord_n by_o reason_n of_o this_o service_n which_o tenant_n owe_v unto_o their_o lord_n many_o warlike_a employment_n herriot_n vide_fw-la lamb._n in_o hâ—s_n explication_n of_o saxon_n word_n tit_n herriot_n it_o may_v very_o fit_o be_v derive_v from_o hence_o this_o their_o herriot_n among_o the_o saxon_n little_o differ_v from_o our_o relief_n at_o this_o day_n howsoever_o now_o they_o differ_v ex_fw-la diameâ—ro_fw-la but_o let_v we_o examine_v the_o nature_n of_o our_o herâ—iots_n at_o this_o day_n and_o not_o search_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o herriot_n in_o those_o day_n for_o that_o be_v to_o examine_v the_o nature_n of_o relief_n not_o herriot_n britton_n thus_o speak_v a_o herriot_n be_v a_o render_v 69._o britton_n cap._n 69._o make_v at_o the_o death_n of_o a_o tenant_n to_o his_o lord_n of_o the_o best_a beast_n find_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o tenant_n decease_v or_o of_o some_o other_o according_a to_o the_o ordinance_n and_o assignment_n of_o the_o party_n decease_v to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o lord_n which_o touch_v not_o the_o land_n at_o all_o nor_o the_o heir_n nor_o his_o inheritance_n neither_o have_v any_o comparison_n to_o a_o relief_n for_o it_o proceed_v rather_o of_o grace_n and_o good_a will_n than_o of_o right_n and_o rather_o from_o villain_n than_o freeman_n to_o this_o effect_n speak_v fleta_n 28._o fleta_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 28._o herriottum_n est_fw-la quaedam_fw-la praestatio_fw-la ubi_fw-la tenens_fw-la libre_fw-la vel_fw-la servus_n in_fw-la morte_fw-la sva_fw-la dominum_fw-la suum_fw-la respicit_fw-la de_fw-la meliori_fw-la averio_fw-la svo_fw-la vel_fw-la de_fw-la seeundo_fw-la meliori_fw-la quae_fw-la quidem_fw-la praestatio_fw-la magis_fw-la fuit_fw-la de_fw-la gratia_fw-la quam_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la &_o nullam_fw-la habet_fw-la comparationem_fw-la ad_fw-la relevium_fw-la eo_fw-la quod_fw-la heredi_fw-la non_fw-la continget_fw-la quia_fw-la factum_fw-la antecessoris_fw-la this_o our_o herriot_n be_v twofold_a herriot_n service_n herriot_n custom_n herriot_n service_n be_v that_o herriot_n which_o be_v never_o due_a without_o special_a reservation_n and_o be_v seldom_o reserve_v upon_o any_o less_o estate_n than_o a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n herriot_n custom_n be_v that_o herriot_n which_o be_v never_o due_a upon_o special_a reservation_n but_o be_v challenge_v upon_o some_o particular_a custom_n and_o be_v usual_o pay_v upon_o a_o estate_n for_o life_n and_o for_o year_n as_o well_o as_o upon_o a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n touch_v the_o original_n of_o these_o herriot_n doubtless_o they_o be_v not_o of_o that_o antiquity_n which_o the_o name_n do_v promise_n for_o though_o among_o the_o saxon_n the_o name_n of_o herriot_n be_v know_v yet_o the_o nature_n of_o both_o these_o herriot_n service_n and_o herriot_n custom_n be_v utter_o unknown_a until_o the_o come_n of_o the_o norman_n who_o immediate_o upon_o the_o conquest_n change_v the_o name_n of_o the_o saxon_n herriot_n and_o term_v it_o by_o the_o name_n a_o of_o relief_n leave_v notwithstanding_o some_o dâ—fference_n betwixt_o they_o for_o where_o the_o saxon_n herriot_n consist_v usual_o in_o the_o payment_n of_o some_o military_a weapon_n our_o relief_n in_o those_o day_n consist_v whole_o in_o the_o payment_n of_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n and_o present_o after_o the_o norman_n have_v thus_o whole_o alter_v the_o name_n and_o somewhat_o alter_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o saxon_n herriot_n then_o upon_o the_o parcel_a of_o their_o land_n unto_o inferior_a tenant_n they_o invent_v this_o new_a kind_n of_o service_n unknown_a among_o the_o saxon_n and_o term_v it_o by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o herriot_n service_n afterward_o upon_o the_o enfranchisement_n and_o manumission_n of_o certain_a villain_n these_o herriot_n custom_n be_v give_v to_o the_o lord_n as_o a_o continual_a future_a gratulation_n so_o that_o original_o as_o britton_n and_o fleta_n well_o note_v they_o be_v grant_v mere_o ex_fw-la gratia_fw-la but_o now_o time_n have_v effect_v it_o that_o they_o be_v challenge_v ex_fw-la debito_fw-la thus_o much_o of_o herriot_n a_o word_n of_o relief_n sec_n xxv_o relief_n be_v a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n which_o every_o freeholder_n pay_v unto_o his_o lord_n 9_o glâ—â—v_n lib._n 7._o cap_n 9_o be_v at_o full_a age_n at_o the_o death_n of_o his_o ancestor_n which_o in_o effect_n found_v all_o one_o with_o these_o word_n of_o glanvil_n haeredes_fw-la majores_fw-la statim_fw-la post_fw-la decessum_fw-la antecessorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la possunt_fw-la se_fw-la tenere_fw-la in_o haereditate_fw-la sva_fw-la licet_fw-la domini_fw-la possint_fw-la feodum_fw-la suum_fw-la cum_fw-la herede_fw-la in_o
consonant_a to_o reason_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o think_v that_o in_o the_o ancient_a time_n a_o knight_n fee_n be_v measure_v according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o acre_n but_o in_o those_o day_n according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o the_o land_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o alteration_n be_v that_o though_o in_o ancient_a time_n as_o well_o as_o in_o these_o day_n some_o land_n be_v far_o more_o fruitful_a than_o other_o yet_o the_o value_n of_o every_o quantity_n of_o land_n be_v certain_o rate_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n and_o never_o upon_o any_o occasion_n be_v the_o land_n increase_v or_o decrease_v and_o therefore_o be_v they_o to_o examine_v whether_o any_o man_n have_v a_o sufficient_a live_n for_o a_o knight_n they_o will_v look_v no_o further_o than_o to_o the_o quantity_n of_o his_o land_n for_o by_o the_o quantity_n they_o can_v present_o judge_v the_o value_n but_o now_o the_o value_n be_v not_o certain_o rate_v in_o any_o place_n but_o increase_v and_o decrease_v upon_o every_o occasion_n and_o therefore_o reason_n require_v that_o in_o these_o day_n a_o knight_n fee_n shall_v be_v measure_v according_a to_o the_o value_n not_o according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o land_n for_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o different_a value_n of_o the_o land_n one_o man_n may_v be_v better_a able_a to_o maintain_v the_o dignity_n of_o a_o knight_n with_o two_o hundred_o acre_n in_o some_o place_n and_o of_o some_o land_n than_o another_o with_o four_o hundred_o acre_n of_o other_o land_n but_o howsoever_o it_o be_v whether_o a_o knight_n fee_fw-mi be_v rate_v according_a to_o the_o value_n or_o according_a to_o the_o quantity_n let_v it_o here_o rest_n now_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o examine_v at_o what_o time_n and_o by_o what_o law_n it_o be_v first_o provide_v that_o for_o every_o knight_n fee_n the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o knight_n revenue_n shall_v be_v pay_v in_o the_o name_n of_o a_o relief_n viz._n 5._o li._n for_o every_o baron_n fee_n the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o baron_n revenue_n viz._n one_o hundred_o mark_n for_o every_o earl_n fee_n the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o earl_n revenue_n viz._n one_o hundred_o pound_n sure_o relief_n be_v pay_v in_o this_o manner_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la 9_o glan_n will_v lib_n 9_o cap_n 9_o and_o that_o be_v somewhat_o pregnant_a by_o this_o that_o by_o the_o very_a word_n of_o that_o statute_n this_o relief_n be_v term_v antiquum_fw-la relevium_fw-la and_o by_o glanvil_n who_o write_v before_o the_o make_n of_o this_o statute_n this_o be_v some_o what_o manifest_a for_o he_o speak_v to_o this_o effect_n dicitur_fw-la rationabile_fw-la relevium_fw-la alicujus_fw-la juxta_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la regni_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la unius_fw-la militis_fw-la centum_fw-la solidos_fw-la de_fw-fr soccagio_fw-it vero_fw-la quantum_fw-la valet_fw-la census_fw-la illius_fw-la soccagii_fw-la per_fw-la annum_fw-la de_fw-la boronia_n vero_fw-la nihil_fw-la certum_fw-la statutum_fw-la est_fw-la quia_fw-la juxta_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la &_o misricordiam_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la solent_fw-la baroniae_fw-la capital_a de_fw-fr relevis_fw-la suis_fw-la domino_fw-la regi_fw-la satisfacere_fw-la from_o whence_o i_o gather_v that_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v in_o part_n a_o affirmance_n of_o the_o common_a law_n in_o part_n a_o institution_n of_o a_o new_a law_n touch_v relief_n pay_v by_o knight_n it_o be_v but_o a_o affirmance_n of_o the_o common_a law_n because_o they_o be_v certain_a before_o the_o statute_n touch_v relief_n pay_v by_o baron_n it_o be_v a_o institution_n of_o a_o new_a law_n because_o they_o be_v before_o uncertain_a and_o the_o reason_n why_o duke_n and_o viscount_n be_v not_o mention_v in_o this_o statute_n as_o well_o as_o earl_n baron_n and_o knight_n be_v this_o because_o when_o that_o statute_n be_v make_v there_o be_v neither_o duke_n marquesse_n or_o viscount_n in_o england_n the_o first_o duke_n that_o ever_o be_v in_o england_n sithence_o the_o conquest_n be_v the_o black_a prince_n elder_a son_n to_o ed._n the_o 3._o the_o first_o marquesse_n that_o ever_o be_v in_o england_n be_v robert_n earl_n of_o oxford_n create_v by_o r._n 2._o and_o the_o first_o viscount_n that_o ever_o be_v in_o england_n dominus_fw-la de_fw-la bello_fw-la monte_fw-fr create_v by_o h._n 6._o but_o though_o at_o the_o make_n of_o this_o statute_n these_o dignity_n be_v unknown_a yet_o they_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o equity_n of_o the_o statute_n and_o according_a to_o their_o several_a dignity_n shall_v pay_v relief_n unto_o the_o king_n a_o duke_n two_o hundred_o li._n a_o marquesse_n two_o hundred_o mark_n and_o so_o ratable_o and_o proportionable_o but_o to_o conclude_v let_v we_o compare_v herriot_n and_o relief_n together_o and_o observe_v in_o what_o they_o differ_v 1._o they_o differ_v in_o this_o that_o a_o herriot_n lie_v in_o prender_n and_o a_o relief_n in_o render_v 2._o in_o this_o that_o a_o herriot_n be_v pay_v in_o the_o name_n of_o a_o tenant_n decease_v but_o a_o relief_n in_o the_o name_n of_o a_o heir_n who_o be_v become_v tenant_n 3._o in_o this_o that_o heriot_n be_v pay_v by_o copyholder_n as_o well_o as_o freeholder_n but_o relief_n by_o freeholder_n only_o 4._o in_o this_o that_o herriot_n be_v ever_o due_a upon_o a_o special_a reservation_n or_o upon_o some_o particular_a custom_n but_o relief_n be_v incident_a to_o the_o fee_n and_o be_v due_a without_o reservation_n or_o custom_n contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o vincentinus_fw-la who_o hold_v a_o relief_n extrinsecam_fw-la fore_fw-la praestationem_fw-la &_o non_fw-la in_o esse_fw-la feodo_fw-la thus_o much_o touch_v relief_n a_o word_n touch_v amerciament_n sec_n xxvi_o amerciament_n be_v a_o pecuniary_a punishment_n for_o any_o offence_n commit_v against_o the_o lord_n of_o any_o manor_n or_o as_o some_o more_o at_o large_a define_v it_o it_o be_v a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n impose_v upon_o the_o tenant_n by_o the_o steward_n by_o oath_n and_o presentment_n of_o the_o homage_n for_o the_o breach_n of_o any_o by_o law_n make_v either_o for_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n or_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o little_a commonwealth_n among_o themselves_o or_o for_o default_n of_o do_v suit_n or_o for_o other_o misdemeanour_n punishable_a by_o the_o same_o court_n infinite_a in_o number_n and_o quality_n and_o this_o word_n amerciament_n take_v his_o name_n from_o be_v in_o the_o lord_n mercy_n to_o be_v punish_v more_o or_o less_o at_o his_o will_n and_o pleasure_n and_o it_o differ_v from_o a_o fine_a in_o divers_a respect_n in_o that_o whosoever_o be_v fine_v may_v lawful_o be_v imprison_v but_o whosoever_o be_v a_o mercy_v not_o 2._o in_o this_o that_o amerciament_n be_v incident_a unto_o court_n baron_n as_o well_o as_o unto_o court_n leet_n and_o fine_n be_v never_o incident_a to_o any_o court_n baron_n but_o to_o court_v leet_n only_o or_o other_o count_n it_o be_v of_o record_n 3._o that_o amerciament_n be_v incident_a unto_o every_o manor_n whatsoever_o but_o fynes_n be_v incident_a unto_o some_o few_o manor_n only_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o difference_n be_v partly_o ground_v upon_o the_o former_a difference_n for_o sithence_o amerciament_n be_v incident_a unto_o every_o court_n baron_n and_o court_n baron_n be_v incident_a unto_o every_o manor_n sequitur_fw-la ex_fw-la consequente_a that_o unto_o every_o manor_n amerciament_n be_v incident_a but_o ex_fw-la adverso_fw-la fines_n be_v incident_a unto_o court_n leet_n only_o and_o those_o court_n leet_n be_v in_o some_o few_o manor_n only_o not_o in_o every_o manor_n express_o sequitur_n that_o fine_n be_v not_o incident_a unto_o every_o manor_n but_o unto_o some_o few_o manor_n only_o 4._o in_o this_o that_o amerciament_n be_v afferable_a per_fw-la pares_fw-la per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la probâ—rum_fw-la &_o legalium_fw-la hominum_fw-la de_fw-la viceneto_fw-la qui_fw-la secundum_fw-la modum_fw-la delicti_fw-la majori_fw-la vel_fw-la minori_fw-la amerciamento_fw-la delinquent_a mulctare_fw-la possunt_fw-la but_o fine_n be_v never_o afferable_a in_o this_o kind_n for_o look_v what_o fine_a soever_o the_o court_n impose_v upon_o the_o delinquent_n that_o bind_v sufficient_o without_o further_a afferance_n give_v i_o but_o leave_v to_o ask_v two_o question_n when_o have_v this_o afferance_n his_o first_o conception_n or_o creation_n 2._o how_o may_v amerciament_n in_o court_n leet_n be_v discern_v and_o distinguish_v from_o fine_n impose_v in_o the_o same_o court_n since_o they_o be_v both_o pecuniary_a punishment_n for_o offence_n commit_v touch_v the_o first_o question_n i_o think_v this_o law_n of_o afferance_n be_v before_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la 11._o glanv_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 11._o for_o glanvile_n thus_o speak_v of_o it_o est_fw-la autem_fw-la misericordia_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la quo_fw-la quis_fw-la per_fw-la juramentum_fw-la legalium_fw-la hominum_fw-la de_fw-la viceneto_fw-la eatenus_fw-la amerciandus_fw-la est_fw-la ne_fw-la
habent_fw-la sicut_fw-la animalia_fw-la vagantia_fw-la &_o quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la propter_fw-la privilegium_fw-la marium_fw-la the_o reason_n why_o deodand_n be_v forfeit_v to_o the_o king_n be_v this_o deodand_n be_v original_o invent_v for_o the_o pacify_v of_o god_n wrath_n and_o the_o appease_n of_o god_n anger_n and_o these_o thing_n thus_o forfeit_v be_v according_a to_o the_o true_a intendment_n of_o the_o law_n to_o be_v sell_v and_o money_n distribute_v among_o the_o poor_a and_o therefore_o upon_o who_o can_v the_o law_n have_v better_o confer_v this_o benefit_n or_o rather_o impose_v this_o charge_n then_o upon_o the_o king_n who_o represent_v god_n person_n upon_o the_o earth_n and_o who_o the_o law_n presume_v will_v deal_v more_o just_o and_o true_o nay_o more_o liberal_o and_o bountiful_o with_o the_o poor_a in_o this_o kind_n than_o any_o inferior_a lord_n who_o peradventure_o out_o of_o his_o uncharitableness_n peradventure_o out_o of_o want_n will_v be_v so_o far_o from_o add_v any_o thing_n to_o that_o which_o be_v due_a that_o he_o will_v rather_o unjust_o subtract_v part_n or_o unconscionable_o detain_v the_o whole_a since_o therefore_o these_o forfeiture_n of_o good_n neither_o add_v to_o the_o perfection_n of_o a_o manor_n neither_o be_v incident_a unto_o every_o manor_n to_o spend_v any_o further_a time_n about_o a_o subject_n so_o superfluous_a will_v ill_o beseem_v this_o small_a treatise_n wherein_o the_o scope_n and_o end_n i_o aim_v at_o be_v this_o only_o to_o present_v to_o your_o view_n what_o thing_n soever_o be_v necessary_o requisite_a to_o the_o essence_n of_o every_o manor_n and_o what_o service_n soever_o be_v incident_a unto_o every_o manor_n and_o thus_o much_o concern_v forfeiture_n a_o word_n concern_v escheat_n sec_n xxviii_o escheates_n come_v of_o the_o french_a word_n echear_n excidere_fw-la &_o be_v term_v excadentiae_fw-la which_o import_v land_n fall_v into_o the_o lord_n hand_n for_o want_n of_o heir_n general_a or_o special_a to_o inherit_v they_o but_o before_o the_o lord_n enter_v into_o a_o escheat_n in_o this_o kind_n the_o homage_n ought_v to_o present_v it_o and_o be_v present_v proclamation_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v to_o give_v notice_n to_o the_o world_n that_o if_o any_o man_n come_v in_o and_o just_o claim_v he_o shall_v be_v receive_v the_o homage_n then_o find_v it_o clear_o entitle_v the_o lord_n as_o to_z land_n escheat_v beside_o this_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o escheat_n there_o be_v another_o sort_n of_o escheat_n and_o that_o be_v where_o any_o freeholder_n commit_v felony_n and_o be_v attaint_v the_o king_n shall_v have_v animum_fw-la diem_fw-la &_o vastum_fw-la and_o than_o it_o come_v unto_o the_o lord_n as_o a_o escheat_n thus_o much_o concern_v the_o nature_n of_o service_n in_o general_a and_o there_o be_v so_o many_o particular_a service_n in_o individuo_fw-la that_o i_o may_v insist_v in_o million_o more_o but_o fear_v of_o incur_v the_o censure_n of_o be_v over_o tedious_a restrain_v the_o forwardness_n of_o my_o hand_n yet_o sithence_o occasion_n be_v so_o favourable_a to_o i_o i_o will_v presume_v so_o much_o upon_o your_o patience_n as_o to_o lay_v open_a the_o several_a remedy_n which_o the_o law_n have_v provide_v for_o the_o obtain_n of_o those_o several_a service_n before_o mention_v if_o perchance_o they_o be_v wrongful_o deceive_v by_o the_o tenant_n and_o for_o method_n sake_n i_o will_v begin_v with_o corporal_a service_n sec_n xxix_o if_o any_o freeholder_n refuse_v to_o do_v homage_n or_o fealty_n which_o be_v corporal_a service_n of_o submission_n or_o to_o mend_v high_a way_n repair_v decay_a bridge_n or_o similia_fw-la which_o be_v corporal_a service_n tend_v to_o the_o public_a profit_n of_o the_o commonweal_n or_o to_o discharge_v the_o office_n of_o a_o carver_n a_o butler_n a_o brewer_n or_o such_o like_a or_o to_o pail_n the_o lord_n park_n to_o tile_n the_o lord_n house_n or_o to_o thatch_n his_o barn_n or_o similia_fw-la which_o be_v corporal_a service_n tend_v to_o the_o private_a profit_n of_o the_o lord_n if_o i_o say_v any_o freeholder_n refuse_v to_o do_v any_o of_o these_o service_n be_v bind_v unto_o they_o by_o his_o tenure_n then_o may_v the_o lord_n lawful_o distreine_v his_o cattle_n or_o his_o good_n and_o detain_v they_o until_o satisfaction_n be_v give_v by_o perform_v such_o service_n as_o the_o law_n do_v require_v and_o the_o same_o remedy_n which_o the_o law_n have_v provide_v for_o corporal_a service_n be_v likewise_o provide_v for_o annual_a service_n sec_n xxx_o for_o if_o any_o freeholder_n refuse_v to_o pay_v any_o annual_a rent_n or_o to_o discharge_v any_o annual_a payment_n according_a to_o his_o tenure_n then_o may_v the_o lord_n lawful_o distreine_v and_o in_o a_o replevin_n bring_v by_o the_o tenant_n may_v avow_v the_o distress_n and_o justify_v the_o take_n but_o no_o action_n of_o debt_n will_v lie_v for_o these_o annual_a service_n no_o more_o than_o for_o corporal_a service_n for_o it_o be_v a_o ground_n in_o law_n that_o as_o long_o as_o the_o rent_n continue_v of_o any_o estate_n or_o frank_n tenement_n no_o action_n of_o debt_n lie_v for_o the_o arrearage_n of_o the_o rent_n nor_o for_o any_o other_o service_n whatsoever_o and_o therefore_o if_o a_o lease_n for_o life_n be_v make_v reserve_v rend_v the_o lessor_n can_v maintain_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n for_o the_o arrearage_n of_o this_o rent_n as_o long_o as_o the_o estate_n continue_v but_o present_o upon_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o estate_n a_o action_n of_o debt_n lie_v for_o the_o arrearage_n of_o the_o rent_n incur_v before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o determination_n but_o what_o have_v the_o law_n provide_v no_o other_o remedy_n for_o those_o annual_a service_n than_o a_o distress_n sure_o no_o before_o seisein_fw-fr none_n but_o after_o seisein_fw-fr once_a gain_v it_o be_v at_o his_o election_n either_o to_o distreine_v or_o to_o bring_v a_o assize_n and_o thus_o much_o touch_v remedy_n for_o corporal_a and_o annual_a service_n sec_n xxxi_o accidental_a service_n be_v get_v by_o many_o differ_a mean_n by_o seizure_n only_o as_o the_o wardship_n of_o the_o heir_n body_n together_o with_o the_o waive_n estray_v wreck_n deodand_n and_o such_o like_a forfeiture_n of_o good_n 2._o by_o the_o entry_n only_a as_o the_o wardship_n of_o the_o heir_n land_n together_o with_o land_n forfeit_v to_o the_o lord_n either_o upon_o the_o breach_n of_o some_o condition_n or_o upon_o a_o alienation_n in_o mortmain_n 3._o by_o seizure_n or_o distress_n as_o herriot_n service_n contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o who_o hold_v they_o gaineable_a by_o distress_n only_o &_o not_o by_o seizure_n or_o action_n as_o herriot_n custom_n for_o upon_o the_o eloignement_n of_o the_o best_a beast_n the_o lord_n may_v maintain_v a_o action_n of_o detinue_n against_o the_o heir_n 5._o by_o entry_n or_o action_n as_o land_n forfeit_v to_o the_o lord_n by_o the_o cessing_n of_o his_o tenant_n or_o escheat_n accrue_v unto_o the_o lord_n either_o upon_o the_o attaindeur_n or_o death_n of_o his_o tenant_n without_o heir_n in_o the_o first_o the_o lord_n may_v enter_v or_o maintâ—ine_v a_o writ_n of_o cessavit_fw-la in_o the_o secord_n the_o lord_n may_v enter_v or_o maintain_v a_o writ_n of_o escheat_n 6._o by_o distress_n or_o action_n as_o relief_n and_o amerciament_n for_o relief_n the_o lord_n may_v distreine_v or_o bring_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n neither_o do_v this_o any_o whit_n impugn_v the_o former_a ground_n that_o as_o long_o as_o the_o rent_n do_v continue_v etc._n etc._n because_o indeed_o relief_n be_v the_o fruit_n and_o approvement_n of_o service_n rather_o than_o any_o service_n and_o for_o amerciament_n the_o lord_n may_v either_o distreine_v or_o bring_v a_o account_n of_o debt_n other_o remedy_n the_o law_n have_v provide_v against_o stranger_n for_o detain_v of_o these_o duty_n from_o the_o lord_n as_o to_o insist_v in_o one_o if_o a_o stranger_n will_v deraine_a the_o ward_n body_n or_o the_o ward_n land_n from_o the_o right_a lord_n a_o writ_n de_fw-fr recto_fw-la de_fw-fr custodia_fw-la terrae_fw-la &_o heraedis_fw-la lie_v against_o the_o stranger_n but_o to_o meddle_v with_o stranger_n be_v to_o wander_v out_o of_o the_o little_a common_a weal_n and_o therefore_o to_o keep_v myself_o within_o my_o bound_n and_o limit_n i_o will_v here_o conclude_v touch_v the_o two_o material_a cause_n of_o a_o manor_n viz._n demesne_n and_o service_n a_o word_n touch_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o a_o manor_n and_o then_o i_o will_v end_v the_o definition_n of_o a_o manor_n the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o a_o manor_n be_v express_v in_o these_o word_n of_o long_a continuance_n for_o indeed_o time_n be_v the_o mother_n or_o rather_o the_o nurse_n of_o manor_n time_n be_v the_o soul_n that_o give_v life_n unto_o every_o manor_n without_o which_o a_o
be_v deprive_v of_o that_o dignity_n which_o be_v inherent_a to_o their_o name_n yet_o their_o court_n retain_v still_o the_o name_n of_o court_n baron_n because_o they_o be_v original_o erect_v for_o such_o personage_n as_o be_v baron_n neither_o have_v time_n be_v so_o injurious_a as_o to_o eradicate_v the_o whole_a memory_n of_o their_o ancient_a dignity_n in_o their_o name_n there_o be_v stamp_v leave_v of_o their_o nobility_n for_o they_o be_v still_o entitle_v by_o the_o name_n of_o lord_n these_o court_n differ_v from_o court_n leet_n in_o diverse_a respect_n in_o this_o that_o court_n baron_n by_o the_o law_n may_v be_v keep_v once_o every_o three_o week_n or_o as_o some_o think_v as_o often_o as_o it_o shall_v please_v the_o lord_n though_o for_o the_o better_a ease_n both_o of_o lord_n and_o tenant_n they_o be_v keep_v but_o very_o seldom_o but_o a_o court_n leete_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v to_o be_v keep_v but_o twice_o every_o year_n one_o time_n within_o the_o month_n after_o easter_n 15._o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la c._n 35._o 31._o e._n 3._o ca._n 15._o and_o another_o time_n within_o a_o month_n after_o michal_n 2._o in_o this_o that_o court_n baron_n may_v be_v keep_v in_o any_o place_n within_o the_o manor_n contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o brian_n but_o a_o court_n leete_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o certo_fw-la loco_fw-la ac_fw-la determinato_fw-la within_o the_o precinct_n 3._o in_o this_o that_o original_o court_n baron_n belong_v unto_o inferior_a lord_n of_o manor_n but_o court_n leet_n original_o belong_v unto_o the_o king_n 4._o in_o this_o that_o court_n baron_n be_v incident_a unto_o eâ—â—â—y_a manor_n so_o that_o every_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n may_v keep_v a_o court_n baron_fw-fr but_o few_o have_v leet_n for_o inferior_a lord_n of_o manor_n can_v keep_v court_n leete_v without_o special_a prescription_n or_o some_o special_a patent_n from_o the_o king_n 5._o in_o this_o that_o in_o court_n baron_n the_o suitor_n be_v judge_n but_o in_o court_n leet_n the_o steward_n be_v judge_n 6._o in_o this_o that_o in_o court_n baron_n the_o jewrie_n consist_v oftentimes_o of_o less_o than_o twelve_o in_o court_n leet_n never_o the_o reason_n of_o that_o be_v because_o none_o be_v impanel_v upon_o the_o jewrie_n but_o freeholder_n in_o court_n baron_n of_o the_o same_o manor_n but_o in_o court_n leet_n stranger_n be_v oftentimes_o impanel_v 7._o in_o this_o that_o court_n baron_n can_v subsist_v without_o two_o suitor_n adminimum_fw-la but_o court_n leet_n can_v well_o subsist_v without_o any_o suitor_n 8._o in_o this_o that_o court_n baron_n inquire_v of_o no_o offence_n commit_v against_o the_o king_n but_o court_n leete_v inquire_v of_o all_o offence_n under_o high_a treason_n commit_v against_o the_o crown_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o king_n in_o many_o other_o respect_v they_o differ_v as_o that_o a_o write_v of_o error_n lie_v upon_o a_o judgement_n give_v in_o a_o court_n leete_n but_o not_o in_o a_o court_n baron_fw-fr so_o in_o a_o court_n leete_n a_o capias_fw-la lie_v but_o in_o a_o court_n baron_n in_o stead_n of_o a_o capias_fw-la be_v use_v a_o attachment_n by_o good_n so_o in_o a_o court_n baron_fw-fr a_o action_n of_o debt_n lie_v for_o the_o lord_n himself_o because_o the_o suitor_n be_v judge_n but_o in_o a_o court_n leete_n the_o lord_n can_v maintain_v any_o action_n for_o himself_o because_o the_o steward_n be_v judge_n but_o omit_v these_o with_o many_o more_o i_o come_v to_o the_o etymology_n of_o a_o manor_n some_o derive_v the_o word_n manor_n a_o manendo_fw-la and_o then_o it_o take_v his_o name_n either_o from_o the_o manor-house_n which_o the_o lord_n make_v his_o dwell_a place_n or_o else_o a_o manendo_fw-la quia_fw-la dominus_fw-la ac_fw-la tenentes_fw-la in_o manerii_fw-la svi_fw-la circuit_n cohabitant_fw-la ac_fw-la manent_fw-la some_o think_v it_o be_v term_v manor_n from_o manure_v the_o ground_n and_o then_o it_o take_v its_o name_n either_o from_o the_o lord_n demesne_n which_o the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v to_o manure_v or_o else_o from_o the_o land_n remain_v in_o the_o tenant_n hand_n which_o be_v likewise_o till_v and_o manure_v other_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v derive_v of_o the_o french_a word_n mesner_n which_o signify_v to_o govern_v or_o guide_v because_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n have_v the_o guide_n and_o direct_v of_o all_o his_o tenant_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o his_o jurisdiction_n and_o this_o i_o hold_v the_o most_o probable_a etymology_n and_o most_o agree_v with_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o manor_n for_o a_o manor_n in_o these_o day_n signify_v the_o jurisdiction_n and_o royalty_n incorporate_v rather_o than_o the_o land_n or_o scite_fw-la thus_o much_o touch_v the_o etymology_n a_o word_n touch_v the_o division_n of_o a_o manor_n a_o manor_n be_v twofold_a re_fw-mi &_o nomine_fw-la 2._o nomine_fw-la tantum_fw-la re_fw-mi &_o nomine_fw-la as_o where_o the_o two_o material_a cause_n of_o a_o manor_n the_o efficient_a cause_n &_o causa_fw-la sine_fw-la qua_fw-la non_fw-la do_v meet_v and_o join_v together_o nomine_fw-la tantum_fw-la as_o where_o any_o of_o these_o cause_n be_v want_v as_o to_o insist_v in_o the_o two_o material_a cause_n if_o the_o lord_n will_v transfer_v over_o to_o some_o stranger_n the_o service_n of_o all_o his_o tenant_n and_o reserve_v unto_o himself_o the_o demesne_n or_o if_o he_o will_v pass_v away_o the_o demesne_n and_o reserve_v the_o service_n in_o both_o cause_v the_o lord_n peradventure_o have_v a_o manor_n nomine_fw-la but_o not_o otherwise_o because_o in_o the_o one_o cause_n he_o want_v demesne_n in_o the_o other_o service_n so_o if_o a_o manor_n descend_v to_o co-parteners_a and_o they_o make_v partition_n and_o the_o entire_a demesne_n be_v allot_v to_o the_o one_o and_o the_o entire_a service_n to_o the_o other_o the_o manor_n be_v now_o in_o suspense_n for_o neither_o of_o they_o have_v any_o manor_n but_o in_o name_n only_o but_o if_o part_n of_o the_o demesne_n and_o part_n of_o the_o service_n be_v allot_v to_o each_o one_o then_o have_v they_o each_o of_o they_o a_o manor_n not_o nomine_fw-la tantum_fw-la but_o re_fw-mi &_o nomine_fw-la to_o insist_v in_o the_o efficient_a cause_n if_o the_o king_n at_o this_o day_n will_v grant_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o land_n to_o any_o subject_a enjoin_v he_o certain_a duty_n and_o service_n and_o withal_o will_v that_o this_o shall_v bear_v the_o name_n of_o a_o manor_n howsoever_o this_o may_v chance_v to_o gain_v the_o name_n of_o a_o manor_n yet_o it_o will_v not_o be_v a_o manor_n in_o the_o estimation_n of_o the_o law_n to_o insist_v in_o this_o cause_n sine_fw-la qua_fw-la non_fw-la if_o the_o king_n grant_v away_o a_o manor_n to_o i._n s._n except_v the_o court_n and_o perquisites_n the_o grantee_n have_v a_o manor_n in_o name_n only_o so_o if_o all_o the_o freeholder_n die_v but_o one_o if_o the_o lord_n purchase_v all_o the_o freeholders_n land_n or_o pass_v away_o the_o service_n of_o the_o freeholder_n or_o release_v unto_o his_o freeholder_n all_o their_o service_n notwithstanding_o the_o demesne_n and_o the_o service_n of_o the_o copiholder_n yet_o the_o lord_n have_v but_o a_o manor_n in_o name_n because_o the_o freeholder_n be_v want_v which_o be_v the_o maintainer_n and_o upholder_n of_o the_o court_n baron_fw-fr and_o consequent_o necessary_a help_n to_o the_o perfection_n of_o a_o manor_n so_o if_o the_o lord_n grant_v away_o the_o inheritance_n of_o all_o his_o copyholder_n or_o demise_v all_o his_o land_n grant_v by_o copy_n to_o another_o for_o 2000_o year_n the_o grantee_n in_o the_o one_o case_n and_o the_o lessee_n in_o the_o other_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o seigniority_n in_o gross_a and_o may_v keep_v a_o customary_a court_n where_o the_o steward_n shall_v be_v judge_n and_o shall_v take_v surrender_n and_o make_v admittance_n and_o this_o in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o world_n be_v a_o manor_n though_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o law_n it_o come_v far_o short_a of_o one_o thus_o much_o touch_v the_o division_n of_o a_o manor_n i_o may_v here_o handle_v many_o collateral_a jurisdiction_n appropriate_v to_o lord_n of_o manor_n as_o that_o our_o erect_v dove-house_n of_o prove_v the_o will_n of_o their_o tenant_n decease_v within_o their_o precinct_n in_o many_o place_n of_o enclose_v common_a leave_v sufficient_a beside_o for_o the_o other_o commoner_n with_o many_o of_o the_o like_a sed_fw-la haec_fw-la lubens_fw-la libensque_fw-la omitio_fw-la and_o thus_o close_v up_o this_o part_n of_o my_o treatise_n touch_v manor_n i_o come_v to_o the_o other_o part_n touch_v copyhold_n sec_n xxxii_o ineede_v not_o stand_v to_o discourse_v at_o large_a th'antiquitie_n of_o the_o copyholder_n for_o if_o you_o cast_v your_o eye_n back_o to_o that_o be_v past_a
livery_n and_o seisin_n who_o execute_v it_o according_o though_o the_o lessor_n be_v use_v as_o a_o instrument_n to_o perform_v the_o will_n of_o the_o lessee_n yet_o this_o be_v his_o voluntary_a act_n the_o law_n take_v it_o as_o a_o consent_n for_o the_o pass_v away_o of_o the_o whole_a inheritance_n but_o if_o you_o look_v narrow_o into_o both_o case_n you_o shall_v find_v the_o difference_n in_o the_o latter_a case_n by_o the_o feoffment_n the_o fee_n be_v devest_v out_o of_o the_o lessor_n and_o therefore_o a_o consent_n will_v serve_v to_o transfer_v the_o reversion_n but_o in_o the_o former_a case_n the_o reversion_n be_v not_o pluck_v out_o of_o the_o lord_n by_o the_o surrender_n and_o therefore_o a_o imply_v consent_n be_v too_o weak_a to_o remove_v it_o i_o will_v only_o add_v one_o observation_n more_o and_o so_o i_o will_v end_v with_o the_o grantor_n the_o law_n be_v not_o so_o strict_a to_o a_o copyholder_n as_o that_o he_o must_v come_v personal_o into_o court_n upon_o the_o make_n of_o every_o surrender_n but_o they_o may_v surrender_v by_o attorney_n as_o well_o as_o livery_n and_o seisin_n may_v be_v make_v by_o attorney_n at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o shall_v the_o law_n be_v otherwise_o great_a inconveniency_n will_v ensue_v for_o how_o shall_v copyholder_n that_o be_v in_o prison_n or_o languish_v upon_o bed_n or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n surrender_v but_o by_o attorney_n but_o note_v this_o difference_n if_o a_o man_n have_v a_o bare_a authority_n join_v with_o a_o confidence_n without_o interest_n this_o authority_n can_v be_v execute_v by_o attorney_n &_o therefore_o if_o i_o devise_v that_o my_o executor_n shall_v sell_v my_o land_n they_o can_v sell_v by_o attorney_n for_o that_o be_v to_o make_v a_o attorney_n upon_o attorney_n which_o the_o law_n will_v in_o no_o wise_n permit_v and_o though_o a_o man_n have_v a_o authority_n join_v with_o a_o interest_n yet_o if_o the_o authority_n be_v warrant_v by_o special_a custom_n only_o it_o can_v be_v execute_v by_o a_o attorney_n and_o therefore_o if_o there_o be_v a_o special_a custom_n that_o a_o copyholder_n for_o life_n may_v make_v estate_n for_o 20._o year_n to_o continue_v after_o his_o death_n these_o estate_n can_v be_v make_v by_o attorney_n so_o if_o there_o be_v a_o special_a custom_n that_o a_o infant_n at_o the_o age_n of_o discretion_n may_v surrender_v a_o copyhold_n this_o surrender_n be_v confirm_v by_o special_a custom_n only_o can_v be_v make_v by_o attorney_n and_o so_o if_o there_o be_v a_o custom_n that_o a_o copyholder_n out_o of_o the_o court_n may_v surrender_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o lord_n by_o the_o hand_n of_o two_o customary_a tenant_n such_o surrender_n must_v be_v do_v in_o person_n but_o wheresoever_o there_o be_v a_o general_a authority_n accompany_v with_o a_o interest_n that_o authority_n may_v be_v execute_v by_o attorney_n as_o cestuy_n que_fw-fr use_n after_o the_o statute_n of_o 1._o r._n 3._o and_o before_o the_o statute_n 27._o h._n 8._o may_v have_v alien_v by_o attorney_n for_o at_o that_o time_n he_o have_v a_o absolute_a authority_n to_o dispose_v of_o the_o land_n at_o his_o pleasure_n without_o any_o confidence_n repose_v in_o he_o and_o thus_o much_o of_o the_o grantor_n a_o word_n of_o the_o grantee_n sec_n xxxv_o the_o same_o person_n that_o be_v capable_a of_o a_o grant_n by_o the_o common_a law_n be_v capable_a of_o a_o grant_n by_o copy_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n a_o infant_n a_o man_n of_o non_fw-la sanae_fw-la memoriae_fw-la a_o idiot_n a_o lunatic_n a_o outlaw_n or_o a_o excommunicate_a may_v be_v grantee_n of_o a_o copyhold_n estate_n the_o lord_n himself_o may_v take_v a_o copyhold_n to_o his_o own_o use_n one_o joint_a tenant_n may_v receive_v a_o copyhold_n from_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o joint_a companion_n because_o it_o pass_v by_o surrender_n not_o by_o livery_n at_fw-fr feme_fw-fr covert_n may_v be_v a_o purchaser_n of_o copyhold_n and_o this_o purchase_n shall_v stand_v in_o force_n until_o her_o husband_n disagree_v nay_o further_o a_o feme_fw-fr covert_n may_v receive_v a_o copyhold_n estate_n by_o surrender_n from_o her_o husband_n because_o she_o come_v not_o in_o immediate_o by_o he_o but_o by_o mediate_a mean_n viz._n by_o the_o admittance_n of_o the_o lord_n according_a to_o the_o surrender_n as_o the_o seem_v be_v capable_a of_o receive_v a_o copyhold_n from_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o baron_n so_o by_o special_a custom_n the_o baron_n may_v take_v a_o copyhold_n from_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o seem_v for_o in_o some_o manor_n customeâ—_n do_v enable_v the_o feme_fw-fr to_o devise_v a_o copyhold_n to_o the_o baron_n but_o this_o custom_n have_v be_v much_o impugn_a therefore_o i_o dare_v not_o justify_v the_o validity_n of_o it_o what_o person_n soever_o be_v capable_a of_o a_o grant_n by_o copy_n may_v well_o take_v by_o attorney_n not_o that_o the_o lord_n shall_v be_v enforce_v to_o admit_v any_o one_o by_o attorney_n because_o upon_o every_o admittance_n there_o be_v fealty_n due_a by_o the_o party_n admit_v which_o be_v a_o duty_n so_o inseparable_o annex_v to_o the_o person_n that_o it_o can_v be_v discharge_v by_o deputy_n and_o therefore_o no_o reason_n the_o lord_n shall_v be_v enforce_v to_o admit_v by_o attorney_n but_o if_o he_o will_v admit_v he_o it_o stand_v good_a it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o upon_o surrender_n of_o copyhold_n the_o name_n of_o the_o party_n to_o who_o use_n the_o surrender_n be_v make_v be_v precise_o set_v down_o but_o if_o by_o any_o manner_n of_o circumstance_n the_o grantee_n may_v be_v certain_o know_v it_o be_v sufficient_a and_o therefore_o a_o surrender_n make_v to_o the_o lord_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n or_o the_o lord_n major_a of_o london_n or_o the_o high_a sheriff_n of_o norfolk_n without_o mention_v either_o their_o christian-name_n or_o surname_n be_v good_a enough_o and_o certain_a enough_o because_o they_o be_v certain_o know_v by_o this_o name_n without_o further_a addition_n so_o if_o i_o surrender_v to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o next_o of_o my_o blood_n to_o the_o use_n of_o my_o wife_n to_o the_o use_n of_o my_o brother_n or_o sister_n have_v but_o one_o brother_n or_o one_o sister_n these_o surrender_n be_v good_a without_o any_o addition_n because_o the_o grantee_n may_v certain_o be_v know_v by_o these_o word_n if_o i_o surrender_v general_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o lord_n not_o express_v to_o who_o use_n the_o surrender_n shall_v be_v this_o surrender_n be_v a_o good_a surrender_n and_o shall_v enure_v to_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o lord_n if_o i_o surrender_v to_o the_o use_n of_o my_o son_n w._n have_v more_o son_n than_o one_o of_o that_o name_n yet_o by_o a_o averment_n this_o incertainty_n may_v be_v help_v but_o if_o i_o surrender_v to_o the_o use_n of_o my_o cousin_n or_o my_o friend_n this_o be_v so_o general_a and_o so_o incertain_a that_o no_o subsequent_a manifestation_n of_o my_o intention_n can_v any_o way_n strengthen_v it_o so_o if_o three_o surrender_n to_o the_o use_n of_o three_o or_o four_o of_o s._n dunston_n parish_n not_o name_v the_o parishiones_fw-la by_o their_o name_n this_o surrender_n be_v utter_o void_a and_o so_o if_o i_o surrender_v in_o the_o disjunction_n to_o the_o use_n of_o i._o l._n or_o i._n n._n this_o be_v insufficient_a for_o the_o incertainty_n and_o in_o customary_a grant_n upon_o surrenders_n the_o law_n be_v not_o so_o strict_a as_o in_o grant_n at_o the_o common_a law_n for_o in_o grant_n at_o the_o common_a law_n if_o the_o grantee_n be_v not_o in_o rerum_fw-la natura_fw-la and_o able_a to_o take_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o grant_n present_o upon_o the_o grant_v make_v it_o be_v mere_o void_a but_o in_o customary_a grant_n upon_o surrenders_n the_o law_n be_v otherwise_o for_o though_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o surrender_n the_o grantee_n be_v not_o in_o esse_fw-la or_o not_o capable_a of_o a_o surrender_n yet_o if_o he_o be_v in_o esse_fw-la and_o capable_a at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o admittance_n that_o be_v sufficient_a and_o therefore_o if_o i_o surrender_v to_o the_o use_n of_o he_o that_o shall_v be_v heir_n to_o i._o s._n or_o to_o the_o use_n of_o i._o s._n next_o child_n or_o to_o the_o use_n of_o i._o s._n next_o wife_n though_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o surrender_n 1._o s._n have_v no_o heir_n child_n or_o wife_n yet_o if_o afterward_o he_o have_v a_o child_n or_o take_v a_o wife_n his_o heir_n his_o child_n or_o his_o wife_n may_v come_v into_o the_o court_n and_o compel_v the_o lord_n to_o admit_v according_a to_o the_o surrender_n so_o if_o i_o surrender_v to_o the_o use_n of_o he_o that_o shall_v come_v next_o into_o paul_n after_o such_o a_o hour_n who_o fortune_n soever_o it_o be_v to_o
he_o use_v to_o hold_v a_o little_a rod_n in_o his_o hand_n which_o he_o deliver_v to_o the_o steward_n or_o bailiff_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n to_o deliver_v it_o over_o to_o the_o party_n to_o who_o use_n the_o surrender_n be_v make_v in_o the_o name_n of_o seisin_n and_o from_o thence_o they_o be_v call_v tenant_n by_o the_o verge_n in_o some_o manor_n in_o stead_n of_o a_o wand_n a_o straw_n be_v use_v and_o in_o other_o manor_n a_o glove_n be_v use_v et_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la loci_fw-la semper_fw-la est_fw-la observanda_fw-la a_o surrender_n where_o by_o a_o subsequent_a admittance_n the_o grant_n be_v to_o receive_v his_o perfection_n and_o confirmation_n be_v rather_o a_o manifest_v of_o the_o grantors_n intention_n than_o of_o pass_v away_o any_o interest_n in_o the_o possession_n for_o till_o admittance_n the_o lord_n take_v notice_n of_o the_o grantor_n as_o tenant_n and_o he_o shall_v receive_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n to_o his_o own_o use_n and_o shall_v discharge_v all_o service_n due_a to_o the_o lord_n but_o yet_o the_o interest_n be_v in_o he_o but_o secundum_fw-la quid_fw-la and_o not_o absolute_o for_o he_o can_v pass_v away_o the_o land_n to_o any_o other_o or_o make_v it_o subject_a to_o any_o other_o encumbrance_n than_o it_o be_v subject_a to_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o surrender_n neither_o in_o the_o grantee_n be_v any_o manner_n of_o interest_n invest_v before_o admittance_n for_o if_o he_o enter_v he_o be_v a_o trespasser_n and_o punishable_a in_o trespass_n and_o if_o he_o surrender_v to_o the_o use_n of_o another_o this_o surrender_n be_v mere_o void_a and_o by_o no_o matter_n ex_fw-la post_fw-la facto_fw-la can_v be_v confirm_v for_o though_o the_o first_o surrender_n be_v execute_v before_o the_o second_o so_o that_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o admittance_n of_o he_o to_o who_o use_n the_o second_o surrender_n be_v make_v his_o surrenderer_n have_v a_o sufficient_a interest_n as_o absolute_a owner_n yet_o because_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o surrender_n he_o have_v but_o a_o possibility_n of_o a_o interest_n therefore_o the_o subsequent_a admittance_n can_v make_v this_o act_n good_a which_o be_v void_a ab_fw-la initio_fw-la but_o though_o the_o grantee_n have_v but_o a_o possibility_n upon_o the_o surrender_n yet_o this_o be_v such_o a_o possibility_n as_o be_v accompany_v with_o a_o certainty_n for_o the_o grantee_n can_v possible_o be_v delude_v or_o defraud_v of_o the_o effect_n of_o his_o surrender_n and_o the_o fruit_n of_o his_o grantee_n for_o if_o the_o lord_n refuse_v to_o admit_v he_o he_o be_v compelable_a to_o do_v it_o by_o a_o sub_fw-la paena_fw-la in_o the_o chancery_n and_o the_o grantor_n hand_n be_v ever_o bind_v from_o the_o dispose_n of_o the_o land_n any_o other_o way_n and_o his_o mouth_n ever_o stop_v from_o revoak_v or_o countermand_v his_o surrender_n but_o peradventure_o if_o a_o copyholder_n languish_v in_o extremity_n surrender_v out_o of_o court_n to_o the_o use_n of_o his_o cousin_n in_o consideration_n of_o consanguinity_n or_o to_o the_o use_n of_o his_o son_n in_o consideration_n of_o natural_a love_n and_o affection_n and_o after_o recover_v his_o health_n before_o presentment_n this_o surrender_n be_v revocable_a or_o countermandable_a but_o if_o it_o be_v grant_v upon_o valuable_a consideration_n as_o for_o the_o discharge_n of_o debt_n or_o for_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n pay_v though_o it_o be_v make_v out_o of_o court_n yet_o it_o be_v as_o bind_v as_o any_o surrender_n whatsoever_o make_v in_o court_n and_o thus_o much_o for_o a_o surrender_n a_o word_n of_o a_o presentment_n sec_n xl._n the_o presentment_n by_o the_o general_a custom_n of_o manor_n be_v to_o be_v make_v at_o the_o next_o court_n day_n immediate_o after_o the_o surrender_n but_o by_o special_a custom_n in_o some_o place_n it_o will_v serve_v at_o the_o second_o or_o three_o court_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o same_o person_n that_o take_v the_o surrender_n and_o in_o all_o point_v material_a according_a to_o the_o true_a tenure_n of_o the_o surrender_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o surrender_n be_v conditional_a and_o the_o presentment_n be_v absolute_a both_o the_o surrender_n presentment_n and_o admittance_n thereupon_o be_v whole_o void_a but_o if_o the_o conditional_a surrender_n be_v present_v and_o the_o steward_n in_o enter_v of_o it_o omit_v the_o condition_n yet_o upon_o sufficient_a proof_n make_v in_o court_n the_o surrender_n shall_v not_o be_v avoid_v but_o the_o roll_v amend_v and_o this_o shall_v be_v no_o conclusion_n to_o the_o party_n to_o plead_v or_o give_v in_o evidence_n the_o truth_n of_o the_o matter_n if_o i_o surrender_v out_o of_o court_n and_o die_v before_o presentment_n if_o presentment_n be_v make_v after_o my_o death_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n b._n co._n 4._o foe_n 39_o b._n this_o be_v sufficient_a so_o if_o he_o to_o who_o use_n the_o surrender_n be_v make_v die_v before_o presentment_n yet_o upon_o presentment_n make_v after_o his_o death_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n his_o heir_n shall_v be_v admit_v and_o so_o if_o i_o surrender_v out_o of_o court_n to_o the_o use_n of_o one_o for_o life_n the_o rendrour_n and_o the_o lessee_n for_o life_n die_v before_o presentment_n yet_o upon_o presentment_n make_v he_o in_o the_o remainder_n shall_v be_v admit_v and_o so_o if_o i_o surrender_v to_o two_o joint_o and_o one_o die_v before_o presentment_n the_o other_o shall_v be_v admit_v to_o the_o whole_a the_o same_o law_n be_v if_o those_o into_o who_o hand_n the_o surrender_n be_v make_v die_v before_o presentment_n upon_o sufficient_a proof_n in_o court_n that_o such_o a_o surrender_n be_v make_v the_o lord_n shall_v be_v compel_v to_o admit_v according_o and_o if_o the_o steward_n the_o bailiff_n or_o the_o tenant_n into_o who_o hand_n the_o surrender_n be_v make_v refuse_v to_o present_v upon_o a_o petition_n or_o a_o bill_n exhibit_v in_o the_o lord_n court_n the_o party_n grieve_v shall_v find_v remedy_n but_o if_o the_o lord_n will_v not_o do_v he_o right_o he_o may_v both_o sue_v the_o lord_n and_o they_o that_o take_v the_o surrender_n in_o the_o chancery_n and_o shall_v there_o find_v relief_n thus_o much_o of_o presentment_n a_o word_n of_o admittance_n sec_n xli_o admittance_n be_v threefold_a 1._o a_o admittance_n upon_o a_o voluntary_a grant_n 2._o a_o admittance_n upon_o surrender_n 3._o a_o admittance_n upon_o a_o descent_n involuntary_a admittance_n the_o lord_n be_v a_o instrument_n for_o though_o it_o be_v in_o his_o power_n to_o keep_v the_o land_n in_o his_o own_o hand_n or_o to_o dispose_v of_o it_o at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o to_o that_o intent_n may_v be_v repute_v as_o absolute_a owner_n yet_o because_o in_o dispose_v of_o it_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o observe_v the_o custom_n precise_o in_o every_o point_n and_o can_v neither_o in_o estate_n nor_o tenure_n bring_v in_o any_o alteration_n in_o this_o respect_n the_o law_n account_v he_o custom_n instrument_n if_o the_o custom_n do_v warrant_v a_o estate_n only_o durante_fw-la viduitate_fw-la and_o the_o lord_n admit_v for_o life_n this_o shall_v not_o bind_v his_o heir_n or_o successor_n because_o custom_n have_v not_o sufficient_o confirm_v it_o so_o if_o the_o lord_n fail_v in_o reserve_v verum_fw-la &_o antiquum_fw-la redditum_fw-la as_o if_o he_o reserve_v ten_o shilling_n where_o the_o usual_a rent_n customable_o reserve_v be_v twenty_o shilling_n this_o may_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o avoid_v the_o admittance_n and_o the_o law_n be_v very_o strict_a in_o this_o point_n of_o reservation_n for_o though_o the_o ancient_a accustomable_a rent_n be_v reserve_v according_a to_o the_o quantity_n yet_o if_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o rent_n be_v alter_v the_o heir_n may_v avoid_v this_o grant_n for_o if_o the_o ancient_a rent_n from_o time_n to_o time_n have_v be_v twenty_o shilling_n in_o gold_n and_o the_o lord_n reserve_v it_o in_o silver_n this_o variance_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o rent_n be_v in_o force_n to_o destroy_v the_o grant_n so_o if_o the_o ancient_a rent_n have_v be_v accustomable_o pay_v at_o four_o feast_n in_o the_o year_n and_o the_o lord_n reserve_v it_o at_o two_o feast_n so_o if_o two_o copyhold_n escheat_n to_o the_o lord_n the_o one_o of_o which_o have_v be_v usual_o demise_v for_o twenty_o shilling_n rend_v the_o other_a for_o ten_o shilling_n rend_v and_o he_o grant_v they_o both_o by_o one_o copy_n for_o one_o rend_v of_o thirty_o shilling_n this_o be_v not_o good_a and_o so_o if_o a_o copyhold_n of_o three_o acre_n escheate_n which_o have_v be_v ever_o grant_v for_o three_o shilling_n rend_v and_o the_o lord_n grant_v one_o acre_n and_o reserve_v pro_fw-la rata_fw-la one_o shilling_n rend_v verus_fw-la &_o antiquus_fw-la reddit_fw-la be_v not_o reserve_v but_o if_o a_o copyhold_n of_o six_o
lease_n have_v be_v determine_v live_v the_o son_n by_o the_o first_o venture_n and_o afterward_o he_o have_v dye_v before_o any_o actual_a entry_n make_v the_o law_n will_v have_v fall_v out_o otherwise_o because_o there_o be_v a_o time_n when_o he_o may_v have_v lawful_o enter_v therefore_o where_o some_o have_v imagine_v that_o nothing_o shall_v be_v invest_v in_o the_o heir_n before_o admittance_n because_o every_o admittance_n of_o a_o heir_n upon_o a_o descent_n amount_v to_o a_o grant_v and_o so_o may_v be_v plead_v they_o be_v in_o a_o error_n for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o after_o admittance_n the_o heir_n may_v in_o plead_v allege_v this_o as_o a_o grant_v and_o that_o have_v be_v allow_v to_o avoid_v the_o inconvenience_n that_o otherwise_o shall_v ensue_v for_o if_o the_o copyholder_n shall_v be_v drive_v in_o plead_v to_o show_v the_o first_o grant_v b._n co._n 4._o foe_n 22._o b._n either_o that_o be_v make_v before_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n be_v not_o pleadable_a or_o since_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n and_o then_o custom_n fail_v for_o this_o reason_n the_o law_n have_v allow_v a_o copyholder_n in_o plead_v to_o allege_v any_o admittance_n aswell_o upon_o a_o descent_n as_o upon_o a_o surrender_n as_o a_o grant_v and_o yet_o he_o may_v if_o he_o will_v allege_v the_o admittance_n of_o his_o ancestor_n as_o a_o grant_v and_o show_v the_o descent_n to_o he_o and_o that_o he_o enter_v and_o well_o without_o any_o admittance_n but_o the_o heir_n can_v plead_v that_o his_o ancestor_n be_v seize_v in_o fee_n at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n by_o copy_n of_o court_n roll_n of_o such_o a_o manor_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n and_o that_o he_o die_v seize_v and_o that_o the_o copyhold_n descend_v upon_o he_o because_o in_o truth_n such_o a_o interest_n be_v but_o a_o particular_a interest_n at_o will_n in_o judgement_n of_o law_n although_o it_o be_v discendable_a by_o custom_n so_o that_o i_o conclude_v that_o a_o admittance_n be_v principal_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o lord_n to_o entitle_v he_o to_o his_o fine_n and_o not_o much_o necessary_a for_o strengthen_v of_o the_o heir_n title_n then_o will_v some_o say_v if_o the_o benefit_n which_o the_o heir_n shall_v receive_v by_o the_o admittance_n will_v not_o countervail_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o fine_n he_o will_v never_o come_v in_o and_o take_v up_o his_o copyhold_n in_o court_n and_o so_o defeat_v the_o lord_n of_o his_o fine_n i_o assure_v myself_o if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o election_n of_o the_o heir_n to_o be_v admit_v or_o not_o to_o be_v admit_v he_o will_v be_v best_o content_v without_o admittance_n but_o the_o custom_n in_o every_o manor_n be_v compulsary_a in_o this_o point_n for_o either_o upon_o pain_n of_o forfeiture_n of_o their_o copyhold_n or_o of_o incur_v some_o great_a penalty_n the_o heir_n of_o copyholder_n be_v enforce_v in_o every_o manor_n to_o come_v into_o court_n and_o be_v admit_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n within_o a_o short_a time_n after_o notice_n give_v of_o their_o ancestor_n decease_n and_o thus_o much_o of_o the_o grant_v itself_o a_o word_n of_o the_o thing_n grant_v sec_n xlii_o thing_n that_o lie_v not_o in_o tenure_n be_v not_o grantable_a by_o copy_n as_o rent_n bailiwickes_n stewardship_n common_a in_o gross_a advowsion_n in_o gross_a and_o such_o like_a all_o which_o be_v incorporate_a hereditament_n and_o therefore_o no_o rent_n can_v issue_v out_o of_o they_o neither_o can_v they_o be_v hold_v by_o any_o manner_n of_o service_n but_o a_o advowson_n appendant_a a_o common_a appendant_a or_o a_o fair_a appendant_a may_v pass_v by_o copy_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o principal_a thing_n to_o which_o they_o be_v appendant_a and_o general_o what_o thing_n soever_o be_v parcel_n of_o the_o manor_n and_o be_v of_o perpetuity_n may_v be_v grant_v by_o copy_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n as_o vnderwoods_n grow_v upon_o the_o manor_n be_v thing_n of_o continuance_n for_o after_o they_o be_v cut_v they_o will_v grow_v again_o 31._o co._n 4_o foe_n 31._o ex_fw-la stipitibus_fw-la may_v well_o be_v grant_v by_o copy_n and_o so_o of_o herbage_n or_o any_o other_o profit_n of_o the_o manor_n and_o sometime_o of_o the_o grant_n of_o a_o copyhold_n thing_n shall_v pass_v that_o be_v sever_v from_o the_o manor_n as_o if_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n grant_v his_o manor_n for_o year_n except_v bosc_fw-la &_o sabosc_n grow_v in_o certain_a copyhold_n ground_n and_o the_o lessee_n by_o his_o steward_n grant_v a_o copyhold_n within_o which_o manor_n there_o be_v a_o custom_n that_o every_o copyholder_n may_v take_v within_o his_o copyhold_n wood_n and_o vnderwoods_n grow_v upon_o the_o ground_n for_o his_o necessary_a fuel_n notwithstanding_o this_o exception_n in_o the_o lease_n of_o the_o manor_n the_o copyholder_n may_v cut_v down_o wood_n or_o vnderwoods_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n though_o by_o exception_n sever_v from_o the_o manor_n for_o though_o the_o lessee_n of_o the_o manor_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o exception_n can_v not_o meddle_v with_o the_o wood_n or_o vnderwoods_n and_o so_o it_o may_v seem_v pâ—ima_fw-la fancy_n very_o probable_a that_o the_o copyholder_n come_v in_o by_o the_o voluntary_a admittance_n of_o the_o lessee_n shall_v have_v no_o more_o authority_n nor_o interest_n then_o the_o lessee_n himself_o have_v yet_o because_o the_o copyholder_n be_v once_o in_o by_o custom_n and_o so_o his_o title_n be_v ground_v upon_o custom_n be_v paramount_n the_o exception_n therefore_o the_o exception_n in_o the_o lease_n of_o the_o manor_n though_o precede_v the_o grant_n of_o the_o copyhold_n can_v any_o way_n touch_n or_o prejudice_v the_o copyholder_n and_o so_o if_o there_o be_v a_o custom_n within_o a_o manor_n that_o copyholder_n have_v use_v to_o have_v common_a in_o the_o waste_v of_o the_o lord_n and_o the_o lord_n grant_v away_o his_o waste_v and_o after_o grant_v a_o copyhold_n the_o copyholder_n shall_v have_v common_a but_o in_o allege_v the_o custom_n he_o shall_v not_o say_v quod_fw-la infra_fw-la manner_n praed_fw-we talis_fw-la habetur_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la but_o that_o till_o such_o a_o time_n viz._n before_o the_o severance_n talis_fw-la habebatur_fw-la &_o toto_fw-la tempore_fw-la etc._n etc._n consuetudo_fw-la and_o then_o show_v the_o severance_n if_o there_o be_v a_o incertainty_n in_o the_o thing_n grant_v the_o grant_n be_v not_o therefore_o insufficient_a for_o by_o the_o election_n of_o he_o that_o be_v the_o first_o agent_n it_o may_v be_v make_v certain_a as_o if_o i_o grant_v by_o copy_n twenty_o load_n of_o hasell_n or_o twenty_o load_n of_o maple_n in_o the_o disjunctive_a to_o be_v cut_v down_o a_o co._n 4._o foe_n 31._o a_o co._n 2_o foe_n 37._o a_o and_o take_v by_o the_o grantee_n in_o my_o manor_n of_o dale_n there_o the_o grantee_n have_v election_n to_o make_v choice_n of_o which_o he_o please_v because_o he_o be_v to_o perform_v the_o first_o act_n of_o cut_v down_o and_o take_v they_o but_o if_o i_o be_o to_o cut_v they_o down_o and_o deliver_v they_o to_o the_o grantee_n then_o have_v i_o the_o election_n and_o observe_v this_o difference_n touch_v this_o point_n of_o election_n if_o a_o grant_v be_v make_v in_o the_o dis-junctive_a of_o two_o annual_a thing_n and_o thing_n of_o continuance_n if_o the_o election_n belong_v to_o the_o grantor_n and_o he_o fail_v at_o the_o day_n to_o make_v election_n yet_o his_o election_n be_v not_o determine_v but_o continue_v the_o same_o after_o the_o day_n that_o it_o be_v before_o the_o day_n but_o otherwise_o it_o be_v where_o thing_n be_v not_o annual_a but_o be_v to_o be_v perform_v unica_fw-la vice_fw-la tantum_fw-la therefore_o if_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n grant_v by_o copy_n twenty_o tree_n grow_v upon_o black-acre_n or_o whiteacre_n to_o be_v cut_v down_o yearly_a by_o himself_o and_o to_o be_v deliver_v to_o the_o grantee_n at_o such_o a_o day_n though_o the_o grantor_n fail_v at_o his_o day_n to_o make_v his_o election_n yet_o his_o election_n be_v not_o go_v because_o the_o thing_n grant_v be_v annual_a but_o have_v these_o tree_n be_v to_o be_v deliver_v to_o the_o grantee_n once_o only_o and_o not_o yearly_a then_o by_o the_o failor_n of_o the_o grantor_n at_o the_o day_n the_o election_n be_v devolve_v to_o the_o grantee_n sec_n xliii_o and_o thus_o much_o of_o the_o thing_n grant_v a_o word_n of_o the_o instrument_n through_o who_o hand_n as_o through_o conduit-pipe_n the_o land_n be_v gradatim_fw-la convey_v to_o the_o purchasor_n i_o will_v not_o speak_v of_o those_o man_n that_o be_v use_v as_o instrument_n by_o special_a custom_n to_o present_v in_o court_n surrender_v take_v out_o of_o court_n these_o i_o have_v sufficient_o speak_v of_o already_o i_o will_v here_o point_v only_o at_o these_o person_n
that_o by_o the_o general_a custom_n of_o every_o manor_n be_v employ_v as_o necessary_a instrument_n in_o customary_a admittance_n and_o will_v cursary_o examine_v the_o extent_n of_o their_o authority_n and_o the_o quality_n of_o their_o office_n the_o person_n i_o aim_v at_o be_v these_o 1._o the_o lord_n 2._o the_o steward_n 3._o the_o vnder-steward_n sec_n xliv_o the_o lord_n authority_n consist_v chief_o in_o these_o four_o thing_n 1._o in_o punish_v offence_n and_o misdemeanour_n commit_v within_o his_o precinct_n as_o not_o performance_n of_o custom_n breach_n of_o by-lawe_n not_o discharge_v of_o duty_n and_o such_o like_a 2._o in_o decide_v controversy_n arise_v about_o the_o title_n of_o copyhold-land_n lie_v within_o his_o bound_n and_o when_o he_o sit_v as_o judge_v in_o court_n to_o end_v debate_n of_o this_o nature_n he_o be_v not_o tie_v to_o the_o strict_a form_n of_o the_o common_a law_n for_o he_o be_v a_o chancellor_n in_o his_o court_n and_o may_v redress_v matter_n in_o conscience_n upon_o bill_n exhibit_v where_o the_o common_a law_n will_v afford_v no_o remedy_n in_o the_o same_o kind_n as_o to_o insist_v in_o one_o familiar_a example_n if_o i_o surrender_v a_o copyhold_n to_o the_o use_n of_o a_o stranger_n upon_o confidence_n that_o such_o debt_n be_v by_o i_o discharge_v he_o shall_v surrender_v back_o this_o copyhold_n i_o upon_o discharge_n of_o the_o debt_n demand_v a_o surrender_n and_o he_o refuse_v at_o the_o common_a law_n i_o be_v leave_v remediless_a this_o be_v a_o bare_a confidence_n and_o no_o condition_n but_o upon_o bill_n exhibit_v in_o the_o lord_n court_n i_o shall_v be_v relieve_v for_o the_o lord_n upon_o proof_n of_o the_o matter_n may_v seize_v the_o copyhold_n and_o readmit_v i_o according_a to_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o confidence_n 3_o in_o admit_v copyhold_n and_o in_o this_o customary_a power_n of_o admittance_n the_o lord_n do_v somewhat_o outstrip_v the_o steward_n for_o the_o lord_n may_v make_v either_o admittance_n upon_o voluntary_a grant_n 27._o co._n 4_o foe_n 27._o admittance_n upon_o surrrender_n admittance_n upon_o descent_n in_o any_o place_n where_o he_o please_v out_o of_o the_o manor_n but_o so_o can_v the_o steward_n and_o in_o give_v licence_n to_o copyholder_n to_o alien_n by_o deed_n and_o in_o this_o point_n of_o licence_n the_o lord_n authority_n do_v exceed_v the_o steward_n authority_n for_o though_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v both_o usual_a and_o warrantable_a for_o the_o steward_n of_o a_o manor_n in_o absence_n of_o his_o lord_n to_o licence_n a_o copyholder_n in_o full_a court_n to_o alien_n by_o deed_n for_o as_o many_o year_n as_o he_o shall_v think_v good_a because_o he_o be_v judge_n in_o the_o court_n and_o beside_o the_o entry_n of_o it_o in_o the_o court_n roll_n be_v in_o this_o manner_n ad_fw-la hanc_fw-la curiam_fw-la p.s._n petit_fw-la licentiam_fw-la domini_fw-la dimittendi_fw-la etc._n etc._n cui_fw-la dominus_fw-la licentiam_fw-la that_fw-mi etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o this_o licence_n be_v grant_v in_o the_o lord_n name_n in_o full_a court_n the_o lord_n shall_v never_o enter_v for_o a_o forfeiture_n but_o shall_v ever_o be_v estop_v to_o say_v the_o contrary_a but_o that_o he_o do_v give_v licence_n yet_o under_o reformation_n be_v it_o speak_v i_o must_v mistrust_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o opinion_n for_o this_o power_n of_o licens_v copyhold_n to_o alien_n by_o deed_n be_v not_o customary_a for_o than_o it_o be_v as_o proper_a to_o the_o steward_n as_o to_o the_o lord_n but_o it_o be_v a_o power_n of_o interest_n annex_v to_o the_o person_n of_o the_o lord_n in_o respect_n of_o his_o estate_n in_o the_o manor_n and_o not_o in_o any_o other_o collateral_a respect_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o steward_n have_v a_o bare_a authority_n to_o execute_v what_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n do_v warrant_v sans_fw-fr doubt_n he_o can_v virtute_fw-la officii_fw-la grant_v any_o unwarrantable_a licence_n to_o alien_n by_o deed_n no_o more_o than_o to_o commit_v waste_n for_o the_o one_o act_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o tend_v to_o the_o breach_n of_o custom_n and_o both_o of_o they_o without_o a_o sufficient_a allowance_n amount_v to_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o a_o copyhold_n but_o by_o express_a word_n in_o the_o steward_n patent_n or_o by_o special_a authority_n give_v he_o by_o the_o lord_n or_o by_o some_o particular_a custom_n warrant_v the_o same_o the_o steward_n may_v in_o court_n lawful_o licence_n copyholder_n to_o alien_n as_o well_o as_o the_o lord_n may_v and_o thus_o much_o of_o the_o lord_n sec_n xlv_o steward_n be_v derive_v from_o those_o two_o word_n stead_n and_o ward_n and_o so_o any_o that_o do_v supplier_fw-fr another_o place_n or_o that_o be_v in_o any_o employment_n deputy_n to_o another_o may_v according_a to_o the_o true_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n be_v term_v a_o steward_n as_o the_o high_a steward_n of_o england_n because_o the_o king_n appoint_v he_o in_o divers_a matter_n to_o exercise_v his_o place_n and_o so_o the_o under_o sheriff_n may_v be_v term_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o sheriff_n steward_n be_v his_o deputy_n and_o how_o proper_o the_o lord_n steward_n be_v so_o name_v any_o man_n may_v judge_v by_o this_o that_o the_o whole_a authority_n of_o the_o steward_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o lord_n as_o from_o the_o head_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o withal_o he_o represent_v the_o lord_n person_n in_o many_o employment_n for_o in_o the_o lord_n absence_n he_o sit_v as_o judge_v in_o court_n to_o punish_v offence_n determine_v controversy_n redress_n injury_n and_o the_o like_a and_o further_o some_o thing_n he_o perform_v in_o the_o lord_n name_n and_o not_o in_o his_o own_o name_n for_o if_o the_o steward_n admit_v any_o copyholder_n or_o by_o special_a authority_n or_o particular_a custom_n licence_v a_o copyholder_n to_o alien_n this_o admittance_n and_o licence_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o the_o lord_n name_n and_o the_o entry_n in_o the_o court_n roll_n shall_v be_v quod_fw-la dominus_fw-la per_fw-la senescallun_n admisit_fw-la &_o licentiauâ—t_n and_o not_o that_o the_o steward_n do_v admit_v or_o licence_n therefore_o fithence_o the_o steward_n have_v this_o measure_n of_o authority_n and_o confidence_n commit_v unto_o he_o the_o lord_n shall_v do_v very_o well_o to_o be_v very_o careful_a in_o make_v choice_n of_o his_o steward_n for_o if_o he_o be_v defective_a in_o any_o one_o of_o these_o three_o quality_n knowledge_n trust_v or_o diligence_n the_o lord_n may_v be_v much_o prejudice_v and_o damnify_v therefore_o fleta_n wise_o give_v the_o lord_n this_o counsel_n 6._o fleta_n l._n 2._o c._n 6._o provideat_fw-la sibi_fw-la dominus_fw-la de_fw-la senescallo_fw-la circumspecto_fw-la &_o fideli_fw-la &_o pacifico_fw-la &_o modesto_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o legibus_fw-la consuetudinibusque_fw-la provinciae_fw-la domini_fw-la svi_fw-la in_o omnibus_fw-la tueri_fw-la affectet_fw-la cuique_fw-la ballivos_fw-la domini_fw-la in_o suiâ—_n erroribus_fw-la &_o ambiguis_fw-la sciat_fw-la instruere_fw-la &_o docere_fw-la quique_fw-la egenis_fw-la parcere_fw-la &_o nec_fw-la prece_fw-la vel_fw-la pretio_fw-la velit_fw-la à _fw-la tramite_fw-la justitiae_fw-la deviare_fw-la &_o pervense_fw-la judicare_fw-la these_o steward_n for_o the_o most_o part_n have_v patent_n for_o their_o office_n yet_o they_o may_v be_v retain_v by_o paroll_n &_o this_o reteiner_n by_o paroll_n be_v as_o effectual_a in_o all_o point_n before_o discharge_v as_o the_o most_o effectual_a institution_n by_o patent_n for_o a_o steward_n thus_o retain_v may_v take_v surrender_v out_o of_o court_n or_o make_v voluntary_a admittance_n or_o any_o other_o act_n incident_a to_o the_o office_n of_o a_o steward_n b._n co._n 4._o foe_n 30._o b._n as_o well_o as_o a_o steward_n institute_v by_o patent_n but_o in_o the_o king_n manor_n a_o steward_n can_v be_v retain_v by_o paroll_n by_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o auditor_n or_o receiver_n but_o to_o make_v the_o steward_n authority_n currant_n a._n co._n 4._o foe_n 30._o a._n especial_o to_o make_v voluntary_a admittance_n it_o be_v necessary_a he_o have_v a_o patent_n and_o then_o by_o virtue_n of_o his_o patent_n without_o any_o special_a authority_n or_o particular_a custom_n he_o may_v justify_v the_o make_n of_o any_o voluntary_a admittance_n upon_o escheate_n or_o forfeiture_n or_o the_o do_n of_o any_o act_n belong_v to_o his_o office_n but_o though_o he_o may_v exit_fw-la officio_fw-la do_v those_o thing_n without_o special_a warrant_n yet_o duty_n bind_v he_o before_o he_o make_v any_o voluntary_a admittance_n to_o inform_v the_o lord_n treasurer_n of_o england_n the_o chancellor_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n or_o any_o of_o they_o for_o his_o better_a direction_n and_o the_o king_n better_a benefit_n the_o law_n be_v not_o very_o curious_a in_o examine_v the_o imperfection_n of_o the_o steward_n person_n nor_o the_o unlawfulnesse_n of_o his_o authority_n for_o be_v he_o a_o
these_o grant_v a_o estate_n tail_n pass_v in_o the_o first_o without_o the_o word_n heir_n in_o the_o second_o without_o the_o word_n body_n in_o the_o three_o without_o either_o if_o the_o king_n by_o his_o steward_n grant_v a_o copyhold_n to_o a_o man_n and_o to_o his_o heir_n male_n or_o heir_n female_n no_o fee-simple_n pass_v because_o the_o lord_n never_o intend_v to_o pass_v such_o a_o estate_n if_o a_o copyhold_n be_v grant_v to_o a_o abbot_n and_o to_o his_o heir_n a_o estate_n for_o life_n only_o pass_v so_o if_o i_o grant_v a_o copyhold_n to_o a_o man_n in_o fee-simple_n ac_fw-la sanguini_fw-la svo_fw-la imperpetum_fw-la or_o sibi_fw-la &_o assign_v suis_fw-la impeâ—pectum_fw-la yet_o the_o word_n heir_n want_v no_o great_a estate_n than_o for_o life_n pass_v the_o same_o law_n be_v if_o a_o copyhold_n be_v grant_v to_o a_o man_n and_o to_o his_o heir_n as_o long_o as_o i._n s._n shall_v live_v this_o be_v only_o a_o estate_n per_fw-la anter_n vie_fw-fr &_o a_o rend_v limit_v upon_o this_o estate_n be_v good_a but_o if_o a_o copyhold_n be_v grant_v to_o a_o man_n and_o to_o his_o heir_n as_o long_o as_o such_o a_o tree_n shall_v grow_v in_o such_o a_o ground_n this_o be_v a_o good_a fee_n and_o a_o render_v limit_v upon_o it_o be_v void_a if_o a_o copyhold_n be_v grant_v to_o i._n s._n and_o i._n n._n &_o haeredibus_fw-la they_o be_v joint_a tenant_n for_o life_n and_o no_o inheritance_n pass_v unto_o either_o because_o of_o the_o uncertainty_n for_o want_v of_o this_o word_n suis_fw-la but_o if_o a_o copyhold_n be_v grant_v to_o i._n s._n only_o &_o haerend_a a_o good_a fee-simple_n pass_v without_o the_o word_n suis_fw-fr if_o a_o copyhold_n be_v grant_v to_o a_o man_n &_o haered_a bus_fw-la a_o estate_n tail_n do_v not_o pass_v for_o want_v of_o the_o word_n de_fw-fr corpore_fw-la and_o if_o a_o copyhold_n be_v grant_v to_o a_o man_n &_o liberis_fw-la aut_fw-la pver_fw-la suis_fw-fr de_fw-fr corpore_fw-la a_o estate_n tail_n do_v not_o pass_v for_o want_v of_o this_o word_n heir_n for_o what_o estate_n soever_o be_v intayle_n since_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr donis_fw-la conditionalibus_fw-la be_v fee-simple_n conditional_a but_o this_o can_v be_v no_o fee-simple_n conditional_a before_o the_o statute_n without_o the_o word_n heir_n and_o therefore_o no_o intayle_v since_o the_o statute_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n if_o a_o copyhold_n be_v grant_v to_o a_o man_n and_o to_o the_o issue_v male_n of_o his_o body_n a_o estate_n for_o life_n only_o pass_v if_o a_o copyhold_n be_v grant_v to_o a_o man_n without_o express_v any_o certain_a estate_n by_o implication_n of_o law_n a_o estate_n for_o life_n only_o pass_v and_o if_o i_o grant_v a_o copyhold_n to_o three_o habendum_fw-la successive_a they_o be_v joint_a tenant_n unless_o by_o special_a custom_n the_o word_n successive_a make_v their_o estate_n several_a thus_o much_o touch_v the_o creation_n of_o copyhold_n estate_n sec_n l._n the_o descent_n of_o copyhold_n of_o inheritance_n be_v guide_v and_o direct_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n as_o well_o as_o the_o creation_n of_o copyhold_n estate_n if_o a_o copyholder_n in_o fee-simple_n have_v issue_n a_o son_n and_o a_o daughter_n by_o one_o venture_n and_o a_o son_n by_o a_o other_o venture_n die_v and_o the_o son_n by_o the_o first_o venture_n enter_v and_o die_v the_o land_n shall_v descend_v to_o the_o daughter_n quia-possessio_a fratris_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la simplici_fw-la facit_fw-la sororem_fw-la esse_fw-la haeredem_fw-la but_o if_o a_o copyholder_n in_o tail_n have_v issue_n a_o son_n and_o a_o daughter_n by_o one_o venture_n and_o a_o son_n by_o another_o venture_n die_v and_o the_o son_n by_o the_o first_o venture_n enter_v and_o die_v the_o son_n of_o the_o second_o venture_n shall_v inherit_v if_o a_o man_n have_v issue_n a_o son_n and_o a_o daughter_n by_o one_o venture_n and_o a_o son_n by_o another_o venture_n the_o elder_a son_n purchase_v a_o copyhold_n in_o fee_n and_o die_v without_o issue_n the_o daughter_n shall_v have_v the_o land_n not_o the_o young_a son_n because_o he_o be_v but_o of_o the_o half_a blood_n to_o the_o other_o if_o a_o man_n have_v a_o copyhold_n by_o descent_n from_o his_o mother_n side_n if_o he_o die_v without_o issue_n the_o land_n shall_v go_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o mother_n side_n and_o shall_v rather_o escheat_n than_o go_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o father_n side_n but_o if_o i_o purchase_v a_o copyhold_n and_o die_v without_o issue_n the_o land_n shall_v go_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o my_o father_n side_n but_o if_o i_o have_v no_o heir_n of_o my_o father_n side_n it_o shall_v go_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o my_o mother_n side_n rather_o than_o escheat_n if_o there_o be_v father_n uncle_n and_o son_n and_o the_o son_n purchase_v a_o copyhold_n in_o fee_n and_o die_v without_o issue_n the_o uncle_n shall_v inherit_v and_o not_o the_o father_n because_o a_o inheritance_n may_v lineal_o descend_v but_o not_o ascend_v if_o there_o be_v three_o brother_n and_o the_o middle_a brother_n purchase_v a_o copyhold_n in_o fee_n and_o die_v without_o issue_n the_o elder_a shall_v inherit_v because_o the_o worthy_a of_o blood_n if_o there_o be_v two_o copartener_n or_o two_o tenant_n in_o common_a of_o a_o copyhold_n and_o one_o die_v have_v issue_n the_o issue_n shall_v inherit_v and_o not_o the_o other_o by_o the_o survivership_n but_o otherwise_o it_o be_v of_o two_o joint_a tenant_n shall_v i_o give_v way_n to_o my_o pen_n and_o write_v of_o this_o theme_n till_o i_o want_v matter_n to_o write_v on_o i_o shall_v make_v a_o large_a volume_n in_o dilate_v this_o one_o point_n therefore_o i_o will_v contract_v myself_o entreat_v you_o to_o supply_v by_o your_o private_a cogitation_n what_o i_o have_v either_o willing_o or_o unwitting_o pass_v over_o in_o silence_n only_o take_v this_o caveat_n by_o the_o way_n though_o all_o quality_n necessary_o incident_a to_o estate_n at_o the_o common_a law_n be_v likewise_o incident_a to_o copyhold_n estate_n yet_o the_o law_n be_v not_o so_o of_o collateral_a quality_n without_o special_a custom_n a._n co._n 4._o foe_n 22._o a._n and_o therefore_o a_o copyhold_n shall_v be_v no_o asset_n to_o the_o heir_n a_o descent_n of_o a_o copyhold_n shall_v not_o toll_v a_o entry_n a_o surrender_n make_v by_o tenant_n in_o tail_n admit_v a_o copyhold_n may_v be_v intayled_a or_o by_o a_o baron_n of_o a_o copyhold_n which_o he_o have_v in_o right_a of_o his_o wife_n shall_v make_v no_o discontinuance_n because_o these_o be_v collateral_a quality_n and_o not_o necessary_o incident_a thus_o much_o of_o the_o several_a estate_n of_o copy-holds_a together_o with_o their_o several_a quality_n incident_a to_o their_o several_a estate_n i_o come_v now_o in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o examine_v how_o copyholder_n be_v to_o implead_v and_o be_v implead_v sec_n li._n a_o copyholder_n can_v in_o any_o action_n real_a or_o that_o savour_v of_o the_o realty_n or_o have_v a_o dependence_n upon_o the_o realty_n implead_v or_o be_v implead_v in_o any_o other_o court_n but_o in_o the_o lord_n court_n for_o or_o concern_v his_o copyhold_n but_o in_o action_n that_o be_v mere_o personal_a he_o may_v sue_v or_o be_v sue_v at_o the_o common_a law_n if_o a_o copyholder_n be_v oust_v of_o his_o copyhold_n by_o a_o stranger_n he_o can_v implead_v he_o by_o the_o king_n writ_n but_o by_o plaint_n in_o the_o lord_n court_n and_o shall_v make_v protestation_n to_o prosecute_v the_o suit_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o assize_n of_o novel_a disseisin_n of_o a_o assize_n of_o mort_fw-fr d'ancestor_n of_o a_o formedon_n in_o the_o discend_a reverse_a or_o remainder_n or_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o any_o other_o write_v as_o his_o cause_n shall_v require_v and_o shall_v put_v in_o pleg_n the_o prosequend_a if_o a_o copyholder_n be_v oust_v by_o the_o lord_n he_o can_v maintain_v a_o assize_n at_o the_o common_a law_n because_o he_o want_v as_o francktenant_n but_o he_o may_v have_v a_o action_n of_o trespass_n against_o he_o at_o the_o common_a law_n for_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n that_o the_o lord_n shall_v be_v judge_n where_o he_o himself_o be_v a_o party_n if_o in_o a_o plaint_n in_o the_o lord_n court_n touch_v the_o title_n of_o a_o copyholder_n the_o lord_n give_v false_a judgement_n he_o can_v maintain_v a_o writ_n of_o false_a judgement_n for_o than_o he_o shall_v be_v restore_v to_o a_o francke-tenant_n where_o he_o lose_v none_o no_o copyholder_n of_o base_a tenure_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n can_v maintain_v a_o writ_n of_o droit_fw-fr close_a or_o a_o writ_n of_o monstrauêrunt_n but_o tenant_n of_o francke-tenure_n in_o ancient_a demesne_fw-la can_n a_o copyholder_n that_o may_v cut_v down_o timber_n tree_n by_o custom_n by_o
licence_n of_o the_o lord_n make_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n the_o lessee_n cut_v down_o tree_n the_o copyholder_n shall_v not_o have_v a_o writ_n of_o waste_n but_o shall_v sue_v at_o the_o lord_n court_n to_o punish_v this_o waste_n if_o a_o feme_fw-fr dowable_a by_o custom_n of_o a_o copyhold_n by_o plaint_n in_o the_o lord_n court_n recover_v dower_n and_o damage_n no_o action_n of_o debt_n lie_v at_o the_o common_a law_n for_o these_o damage_n because_o the_o action_n though_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o personal_a yet_o it_o depend_v upon_o the_o realitiy_n if_o a_o copyholder_n make_v a_o lease_n by_o copy_n for_o year_n or_o by_o deed_n with_o licence_n a_o action_n of_o debt_n lie_v for_o the_o rent_n reserve_v upon_o either_o lease_n at_o the_o common_a law_n but_o i_o much_o doubt_v whether_o he_o can_v avow_v for_o the_o rent_n either_o in_o the_o one_o or_o in_o the_o other_o no_o more_o than_o cestuy_n que_fw-fr use_n before_o the_o statute_n 27._o h._n 8._o cap._n 10._o can_v avow_v for_o the_o rent_n reserve_v by_o he_o upon_o a_o lease_n for_o year_n and_o yet_o he_o can_v maintain_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n for_o such_o a_o rent_n because_o a_o action_n of_o debt_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o contract_n if_o a_o stranger_n cut_v down_o tree_n grow_v in_o the_o copyhold_n ground_n a_o action_n of_o trespass_n lie_v at_o the_o common_a law_n against_o he_o so_o do_v it_o against_o the_o lord_n where_o he_o cut_v they_o down_o when_o by_o custom_n they_o belong_v to_o the_o tenant_n because_o this_o be_v a_o mere_a personal_a action_n and_o damage_n only_o be_v to_o be_v recover_v and_o if_o a_o copyholder_n without_o licence_n make_v a_o lease_n for_o one_o year_n or_o with_o licence_n make_v a_o lease_n for_o many_o year_n and_o the_o lessee_n be_v eject_v he_o shall_v not_o sue_v in_o the_o lord_n court_n by_o plaint_n but_o shall_v have_v a_o ejection_n firm_a at_o the_o common_a law_n because_o he_o have_v not_o a_o customary_a estate_n by_o copy_n but_o a_o warrantable_a estate_n by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n thus_o much_o of_o the_o manner_n how_o copyholder_n be_v to_o implead_v and_o be_v implead_v sec_n lii_o i_o come_v now_o in_o the_o sixth_o place_n to_o show_v under_o what_o statute_n copyholder_n be_v comprehend_v copyholder_n be_v comprehend_v under_o statute_n either_o by_o express_a limitation_n in_o precise_a word_n or_o by_o a_o secret_a implication_n upon_o general_a word_n by_o express_a limitation_n in_o precise_a word_n as_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o first_o of_o r._n 3._o cap._n 4._o it_o be_v express_o provide_v that_o a_o copyholder_n have_v copyhold_n land_n to_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o twenty_o six_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n above_o all_o charge_n may_v be_v impanel_v upon_o a_o jury_n as_o well_o as_o he_o that_o have_v twenty_o shilling_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la of_o freehold-land_n so_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 1._o e._n 6._o cap._n 14._o it_o be_v express_o provide_v that_o upon_o the_o dissolution_n of_o abbey_n and_o monastery_n copyhold_n shall_v continue_v as_o they_o do_v before_o the_o statute_n and_o shall_v fall_v into_o the_o king_n hand_n so_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 2._o e._n 6._o cap._n 8._o it_o be_v express_o provide_v that_o the_o interest_n of_o a_o copyhold_n shall_v be_v preserve_v notwithstanding_o it_o be_v not_o find_v by_o office_n after_o the_o decease_n of_o the_o king_n tenant_n so_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 1._o mar._n cap._n 12._o it_o be_v express_o provide_v that_o if_o any_o copyholder_n be_v yeoman_n artificer_n husbandman_n or_o labourer_n and_o be_v of_o the_o age_n of_o eighteen_o or_o more_o under_o the_o age_n of_o sixty_o not_o sick_a impotent_a lame_a maim_a nor_o have_v any_o other_o just_a or_o reasonable_a cause_n of_o excuse_n upon_o request_n make_v by_o any_o man_n in_o authourity_n refuse_v to_o aid_v justice_n in_o suppress_v of_o riotous_a person_n that_o then_o immediate_o he_o shall_v forfeit_v his_o copyhold_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o who_o it_o be_v hold_v during_o the_o copyholder_n natural_a life_n so_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 5._o eliz._n cap._n 14._o it_o be_v express_o provide_v that_o the_o forge_n of_o a_o court_n roll_n to_o the_o intent_n to_o defraud_v a_o copyholder_n shall_v be_v as_o well_o punishable_a as_o the_o forge_v any_o other_o charter_n deed_n or_o write_v seal_v whereby_o to_o defeat_v a_o copyholder_n or_o freeholder_n so_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 13._o eliz._n cap._n 7._o it_o be_v express_o provide_v that_o the_o copyhold_n land_n as_o well_o as_o the_o freehold_a land_n of_o a_o bankrupt_a shall_v be_v sell_v for_o the_o satisfy_n of_o the_o creditor_n so_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 14._o eliz._n cap._n 6._o it_o be_v express_o provide_v that_o if_o any_o of_o the_o queen_n subject_n go_v beyond_o the_o sea_n without_o licence_n that_o then_o the_o queen_n shall_v not_o only_o take_v the_o ordinary_a profit_n of_o the_o fugitive_n copyhold_n land_n as_o they_o arise_v but_o shall_v let_v set_v and_o make_v grant_n by_o copy_n and_o usual_a wood-sale_n and_o other_o thing_n to_o all_o intent_n and_o purpose_n as_o a_o tenant_n pro_fw-la term_n durante_fw-la vie_fw-fr may_v do_v so_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 35._o eliz._n cap._n 2._o it_o be_v express_o provide_v that_o if_o any_o person_n or_o person_n be_v convict_v of_o recusancie_n repair_v not_o home_n to_o their_o usual_a place_n of_o abode_n not_o remove_v from_o thence_o above_o five_o mile_n distant_a that_o then_o any_o person_n or_o person_n thus_o offend_v shall_v not_o only_o forfeit_v their_o freehold_a land_n to_o the_o queen_n but_o withal_o their_o copyhold_n land_n to_o the_o lord_n or_o lord_n of_o who_o it_o be_v hold_v thus_o have_v i_o show_v in_o brief_a under_o what_o statute_n copyholder_n be_v comprehend_v by_o express_a limitation_n in_o precise_a word_n now_o i_o will_v show_v you_o as_o brief_o as_o i_o can_v under_o what_o statute_n they_o be_v comprehend_v by_o secret_a implication_n upon_o general_a word_n sec_n liii_o some_o hold_n that_o all_o statute_n that_o speak_v general_o of_o tenant_n extend_v to_o tenant_n by_o copy_n but_o it_o be_v much_o to_o be_v fear_v that_o we_o shall_v wander_v from_o the_o truth_n if_o we_o give_v credit_n to_o this_o conceit_n for_o if_o we_o peruse_v the_o statute_n we_o shall_v meet_v with_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o they_o that_o speak_v general_o of_o tenant_n and_o yet_o touch_v not_o tenant_n by_o copy_n wherefore_o not_o give_v way_n to_o this_o opinion_n as_o be_v erroneous_a i_o will_v set_v you_o down_o a_o infallible_a rule_n which_o will_v true_o direct_v you_o in_o the_o exposition_n of_o the_o general_a word_n in_o statute_n and_o that_o be_v thus_o when_o a_o act_n in_o parliament_n alter_v the_o service_n tenure_n interest_n of_o the_o land_n 8._o co._n 3._o foe_n 8._o or_o other_o thing_n in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n or_o in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o tenant_n there_o the_o general_a word_n of_o such_o a_o act_n in_o parliament_n extend_v not_o to_o the_o copyhold_n but_o when_o a_o act_n be_v general_o make_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o no_o prejudice_n may_v accrue_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o alteration_n of_o any_o interest_n service_n tenure_n or_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n there_o usual_o copy-holds_a be_v within_o the_o general_a purveiw_n of_o such_o acts._n the_o statute_n of_o west_n 2._o ca._n 1._o of_o intail_v extend_v not_o to_o copyhold_n because_o it_o will_v be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o lord_n for_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o tenure_n be_v alter_v for_o the_o donee_n intayle_v without_o any_o special_a reservation_n ought_v to_o hold_v of_o the_o donor_n by_o the_o same_o service_n that_o the_o donor_n hold_v over_o beside_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v quod_fw-la voluntas_fw-la donator_n in_fw-la charta_fw-la domini_fw-la svi_fw-la manifesta_fw-la expressa_fw-la decetero_fw-la observit_fw-la which_o prove_v that_o the_o intent_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v that_o no_o hereditament_n shall_v be_v entail_v within_o this_o statute_n but_o such_o a_o one_o as_o either_o be_v give_v or_o at_o least_o may_v be_v give_v by_o charter_n or_o deed_n but_o copyhold_n be_v no_o such_o hereditament_n and_o therefore_o not_o within_o the_o body_n of_o the_o act_n yet_o it_o be_v hold_v that_o custom_n with_o the_o cooperation_n of_o the_o statute_n will_v make_v a_o estate_n tail_n the_o statute_n of_o w._n 2._o ca._n 20._o which_o give_v the_o elegit_fw-la extend_v not_o to_o copyhold_n because_o it_o will_v be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o lord_n and_o a_o breach_n of_o the_o custom_n that_o any_o stranger_n shall_v have_v interest_n in_o the_o land_n hold_v by_o
the_o bailiff_n of_o the_o manor_n be_v to_o have_v the_o wardship_n of_o the_o copyhold_n heir_n be_v under_o the_o age_n of_o fourteen_o such_o a_o guardian_n shall_v neither_o be_v admit_v nor_o pay_v a_o fine_a because_o he_o be_v but_o a_o partnor_n of_o the_o profit_n and_o that_o not_o in_o his_o own_o right_n but_o in_o the_o right_n of_o he_o to_o who_o he_o be_v guardian_n if_o the_o copyhold_n land_n of_o a_o bankrupt_a be_v sell_v according_a to_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 13._o eliz._n cap._n 7._o the_o vendee_fw-mi shall_v be_v admit_v and_o pay_v a_o fine_a if_o a_o villain_n purchase_v a_o copyhold_n the_o lord_n of_o the_o villain_n may_v enter_v and_o seize_v it_o and_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n shall_v admit_v he_o and_o have_v a_o fine_a if_o a_o copyhold_n be_v grant_v upon_o condition_n and_o the_o condition_n be_v break_v and_o the_o grant_a enter_v he_o shall_v not_o be_v admit_v neither_o pay_v a_o fine_a because_o upon_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o condition_n and_o the_o entry_n he_o be_v to_o all_o intent_n in_o statu_fw-la quo_fw-la prius_fw-la as_o if_o no_o grant_n at_o all_o have_v be_v make_v if_o a_o copyholder_n in_o fee_n surrender_v for_o life_n reserve_v the_o reversion_n and_o the_o lessee_n for_o life_n die_v the_o copyholder_n shall_v not_o be_v admit_v to_o his_o reversion_n neither_o shall_v he_o pay_v a_o fine_a because_o the_o reversion_n be_v never_o out_o of_o he_o if_o a_o copyholder_n be_v disseise_v and_o then_o enter_v upon_o the_o desseisor_n or_o recover_v by_o plaint_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o assize_n he_o shall_v not_o be_v admit_v neither_o shall_v he_o pay_v a_o fine_a for_o he_o continue_v still_o tenant_n by_o copy_n notwithstanding_o the_o disseisin_n but_o where_o by_o a_o plaint_n a_o copyhold_n be_v recover_v upon_o the_o accru_a of_o a_o new_a title_n where_o he_o that_o recover_v be_v never_o admit_v nor_o pay_v fine_a there_o upon_o his_o recovery_n a_o admittance_n be_v requisite_a and_o a_o fine_a be_v due_a as_o if_o a_o copyholder_n die_v seize_v a_o stranger_n abate_v and_o the_o heir_n recover_v by_o plaint_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o assize_n of_o mort_fw-fr d'auncester_fw-mi upon_o this_o recovery_n he_o shall_v be_v admit_v and_o pay_v a_o fine_a if_o i_o take_v a_o wife_n copyhold_n in_o fee_n though_o by_o this_o inter-marriage_n there_o accru_v a_o present_a interest_n to_o i_o yet_o because_o i_o be_o seize_v non_fw-la jure_fw-la proprio_fw-la but_o jure_fw-la alieno_fw-la therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o be_v admit_v neither_o shall_v i_o pay_v a_o fine_a the_o same_o law_n be_v b._n vid._n plowden_n come_v 4_o 18._o b._n if_o she_o be_v a_o termor_n of_o a_o copyhold_n for_o though_o the_o term_n by_o the_o inter-marriage_n be_v so_o vest_v in_o i_o that_o i_o may_v dispose_v of_o it_o without_o control_n yet_o because_o before_o disposer_n i_o be_o possess_v of_o it_o but_o in_o the_o right_n of_o my_o wife_n therefore_o i_o shall_v neither_o be_v admit_v nor_o pay_v a_o fine_a if_o a_o copyhold_n be_v surrender_v for_o life_n the_o remainder_n to_o a_o stranger_n though_o the_o admittance_n of_o tenant_n for_o life_n be_v sufficient_a to_o invest_v the_o estate_n in_o he_o in_o the_o remainder_n yet_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o tenant_n for_o life_n he_o in_o the_o remainder_n shall_v be_v admit_v and_o pay_v a_o fine_a so_o if_o a_o copyhold_n be_v grant_v to_o three_o habend_n success_n vie_v whereby_o custom_n successive_a be_v in_o force_n if_o any_o one_o die_v he_o that_o next_o succee_v shall_v be_v admit_v and_o pay_v a_o fine_a if_o two_o copartener_n or_o tenant_n in_o common_a of_o a_o copyhold_n be_v and_o the_o one_o die_v and_o the_o other_o have_v all_o by_o descent_n he_o shall_v be_v admit_v and_o shall_v pay_v a_o fine_a but_o if_o two_o joynt-tenant_n be_v of_o a_o copyhold_n one_o die_v the_o other_o shall_v have_v all_o by_o the_o survivorship_n without_o admittance_n or_o pay_v fine_a because_o joynt-tenant_n to_o all_o intent_n and_o purpose_n be_v seize_v per_n my_o &_o per_fw-la tout_fw-fr if_o two_o several_a copyholder_n join_v in_o a_o grant_n of_o their_o copyhold_n by_o one_o copy_n or_o if_o one_o copyholder_n have_v several_a copy-holds_a grant_v they_o by_o one_o copy_n yet_o the_o grantee_n shall_v pay_v several_a fine_n for_o they_o shall_v inure_v as_o several_a grant_n b._n co._n 4_o foe_n 27._o b._n but_o if_o two_o joynt-tenant_n two_o tenant_n in_o common_a or_o tenant_n for_o life_n and_o he_o in_o the_o remainder_n join_v in_o the_o grant_n of_o a_o copyhold_n one_o fine_a only_a be_v due_a and_o it_o shall_v inure_v as_o one_o grant_v only_o so_o if_o a_o surrender_n be_v make_v and_o after_o a_o common_a recovery_n be_v have_v by_o plaint_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o writ_n of_o entry_n in_o le_fw-fr post_n for_o the_o better_a assurance_n one_o fine_a only_a shall_v be_v pay_v and_o thus_o much_o of_o fines_n i_o come_v now_o in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o forfeiture_n wherein_o i_o will_v chief_o rely_v upon_o these_o four_o point_n 1._o what_o act_v amount_v to_o a_o forfeiture_n 2._o what_o person_n be_v able_a to_o forfeit_v 3._o what_o person_n be_v able_a to_o take_v benefit_n of_o a_o forfeiture_n 4._o what_o act_v amount_v to_o a_o confirmation_n of_o a_o estate_n forfeit_a sec_n lvii_o of_o act_n which_o amount_v to_o forfeiture_n some_o be_v forfeit_v eo_fw-la instant_n that_o they_o be_v commit_v some_o be_v not_o forfeit_v till_o presentment_n offence_n which_o be_v apparent_a and_o notorious_a by_o which_o the_o lord_n by_o common_a presumption_n can_v choose_v but_o have_v notice_n be_v forfeiture_n eo_fw-la instant_n that_o they_o be_v commit_v as_o if_o by_o special_a custom_n upon_o the_o descent_n of_o any_o copyhold_n of_o inheritance_n the_o heir_n be_v tie_v upon_o three_o solemn_a proclamation_n make_v at_o three_o several_a court_n to_o come_v in_o and_o be_v admit_v to_o his_o copyhold_n if_o he_o fail_v to_o come_v in_o this_o failer_z be_v a_o forfeiture_n ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la so_o if_o a_o copyholder_n be_v sufficient_o warn_v to_o appear_v and_o he_o fail_v this_o be_v a_o forfeiture_n ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la but_o if_o he_o be_v hinder_v by_o sickness_n or_o by_o over_o flow_v of_o water_n or_o if_o he_o be_v much_o in_o debt_n and_o fear_v to_o be_v arrest_v or_o if_o he_o be_v a_o bankrupt_a and_o keep_v his_o house_n than_o his_o default_n be_v no_o forfeiture_n if_o a_o copyholder_n in_o the_o court_n be_v call_v and_o summon_v to_o be_v swear_v of_o the_o homage_n and_o refuse_v this_o be_v a_o forfeiture_n ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la so_o if_o a_o copyholder_n be_v swear_v of_o the_o homage_n and_o then_o refuse_v to_o present_v the_o article_n according_a to_o his_o oath_n this_o be_v a_o forfeiture_n ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la so_o if_o a_o copyholder_n will_v swear_v in_o court_n that_o he_o be_v none_o of_o the_o lord_n copyholder_n this_o be_v a_o forfeiture_n ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la but_o if_o a_o copyholder_n in_o presence_n of_o the_o court_n speak_v unreverent_a word_n of_o the_o lord_n as_o that_o the_o lord_n exact_v &_o extort_v unreasonable_a fine_n and_o undue-service_n this_o be_v fineable_a only_o but_o no_o forfeiture_n and_o if_o he_o say_v in_o court_n that_o he_o will_v devise_v a_o mean_n no_o long_o to_o be_v the_o lord_n copyholder_n this_o be_v neither_o cause_n of_o fine_a not_o forfeiture_n for_o peradventure_o the_o mean_n that_o he_o intend_v be_v lawful_a viz._n by_o pass_v away_o his_o copyhold_n et_fw-la ubi_fw-la sensus_fw-la verborum_fw-la est_fw-la multiplex_fw-la verba_fw-la semper_fw-la sunt_fw-la accipienda_fw-la in_o meliori_fw-la sensu_fw-la if_o the_o steward_n show_v a_o court_n roll_n to_o a_o copyholder_n to_o prove_v that_o his_o land_n be_v hold_v by_o copy_n and_o that_o the_o copyholder_n say_v he_o be_v a_o freeholder_n and_o show_v a_o deed_n pretend_v thereby_o to_o procure_v his_o land_n to_o be_v freehold_a and_o tear_v in_o piece_n the_o court-roll_n this_o be_v a_o forfeiture_n ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la so_o if_o the_o lord_n b._n co._n 4._o foe_n 27._o b._n upon_o the_o admittance_n of_o a_o copyholder_n the_o fine_a by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n be_v certain_a demand_v his_o fine_a and_o the_o copyholder_n deni_v to_o pay_v it_o upon_o demand_n this_o be_v a_o forfeiture_n ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la so_o if_o a_o copyholder_n will_v sue_v a_o replevin_n against_o the_o lord_n upon_o the_o lord_n lawful_a distress_n for_o his_o rent_n or_o service_n this_o be_v a_o forfeiture_n ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la but_o if_o the_o copyholdder_n be_v in_o doubt_n whether_o it_o be_v due_a or_o not_o and_o therefore_o intreat_v the_o lord_n that_o the_o homage_n may_v inquire_v the_o truth_n this_o be_v no_o forfeiture_n
if_o the_o fine_a by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n be_v incertain_a though_o a_o reasonable_a fine_n be_v assess_v yet_o because_o no_o man_n can_v provide_v for_o a_o incertainty_n the_o copyholder_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o pay_v it_o present_o upon_o demand_n but_o shall_v have_v convenient_a time_n to_o discharge_v it_o if_o the_o lord_n limit_v no_o certain_a day_n for_o payment_n thereof_o and_o if_o within_o convenient_a time_n it_o be_v not_o discharge_v this_o be_v a_o forfeiture_n without_o presentment_n but_o if_o the_o fine_a be_v unreasonable_a though_o it_o be_v never_o pay_v it_o be_v no_o forfeiture_n and_o it_o shall_v be_v determine_v by_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o justice_n before_o who_o the_o matter_n depend_v either_o upon_o a_o demur_n or_o in_o evidence_n to_o the_o jury_n upon_o the_o confession_n or_o proof_n of_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o the_o land_n whether_o the_o fine_a be_v reasonable_a or_o not_o for_o if_o the_o lord_n may_v assess_v unreasonable_a fine_n at_o their_o pleasure_n than_o most_o estate_n by_o copy_n which_o be_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o which_o have_v continue_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n may_v now_o at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n be_v defeat_v and_o destroy_v which_o will_v be_v very_o inconvenient_a if_o the_o lord_n demand_v his_o rent_n and_o the_o copyholder_n deni_v to_o pay_v it_o this_o be_v a_o forfeiture_n ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la so_o if_o the_o copyholder_n say_v that_o he_o want_v money_n to_o discharge_v the_o rent_n and_o therefore_o intreat_v the_o lord_n to_o forbear_v until_o he_o be_v better_o provide_v unless_o the_o lord_n give_v his_o consent_n this_o non_fw-la payment_n be_v a_o forfeiture_n ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la for_o a_o copyholder_n know_v his_o day_n of_o payment_n be_v to_o provide_v against_o the_o day_n but_o if_o the_o lord_n come_v upon_o the_o copyholder_n ground_n and_o demand_v his_o rent_n and_o neither_o the_o copyholder_n himself_o nor_o any_o other_o by_o his_o appointment_n be_v there_o present_a to_o answer_v their_o demand_n though_o this_o be_v a_o denial_n in_o law_n of_o the_o rent_n yet_o this_o be_v no_o forfeiture_n but_o if_o the_o lord_n continue_v in_o make_v demand_n upon_o the_o ground_n and_o the_o copyholder_n be_v still_o absent_a this_o continual_a denial_n in_o law_n amount_v to_o a_o denial_n in_o fact_n and_o make_v the_o copyholder_n estate_n subject_a to_o a_o forfeiture_n without_o presentment_n if_o a_o copyholder_n for_o life_n suffer_v a_o recovery_n by_o plaint_n in_o the_o lord_n court_n as_o copyhold_n of_o the_o inheritance_n this_o be_v a_o forfeiture_n ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la but_o if_o he_o surrender_v in_o fee_n this_o be_v no_o forfeiture_n because_o it_o do_v not_o pass_v by_o livery_n if_o a_o copyholder_n commit_v waste_v voluntary_o or_o permissive_a this_o be_v a_o forfeiture_n ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la voluntary_a as_o if_o he_o pluck_v down_o any_o ancient_a build_v house_n or_o if_o he_o build_v any_o new_a house_n and_o then_o pull_v it_o down_o again_o or_o if_o he_o plow_v meadow_n so_o that_o thereby_o the_o ground_n be_v make_v worse_o or_o lop_v the_o tree_n or_o sell_v the_o lop_n or_o if_o he_o cut_v down_o any_o fruit-tree_n for_o fuel_n have_v other_o wood_n sufficient_a this_o and_o the_o like_a voluntary_a waste_n be_v forfeiture_n ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la permissive_a as_o if_o he_o suffer_v his_o house_n to_o decay_v or_o fall_v to_o ground_n for_o want_v of_o necessary_a reparation_n or_o if_o he_o suffer_v his_o meadow_n for_o want_n of_o mend_v his_o bank_n to_o be_v surround_v so_o that_o it_o become_v rushy_a or_o worth_a nothing_o or_o his_o arable_a ground_n so_o to_o be_v surround_v that_o it_o be_v become_v unprofitable_a these_o and_o the_o like_a permissive_a waste_n be_v forfeiture_n ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la and_o thus_o much_o of_o act_n which_o be_v forfeiture_n eo_fw-la instant_n that_o they_o be_v commit_v a_o word_n of_o those_o act_n which_o be_v say_v not_o forfeiture_n till_o presentment_n sec_n lviii_o and_o such_o be_v those_o offence_n which_o by_o common_a presumption_n the_o lord_n can_v of_o himself_o have_v notice_n of_o without_o notice_n give_v as_o if_o a_o copyholder_n commit_v felony_n or_o treason_n so_o if_o a_o copyholder_n be_v outlawed_n or_o excommunicate_v that_o the_o lord_n may_v have_v the_o profit_n of_o his_o copyhold_n land_n a_o presentment_n be_v necessary_a so_o if_o a_o copyholder_n go_v about_o in_o any_o other_o court_n to_o intytle_a any_o other_o lord_n unto_o his_o copyhold_n or_o if_o he_o alien_v by_o deed_n these_o and_o the_o like_a aught_o to_o be_v present_v if_o a_o copyholder_n make_v a_o bargain_n and_o sale_n of_o his_o copyhold_n and_o it_o be_v not_o enrolled_n according_a to_o the_o statute_n this_o be_v no_o forfeiture_n no_o more_o than_o a_o feoffment_n without_o livery_n because_o nothing_o pass_v so_o if_o a_o copyholder_n make_v a_o feoffment_n of_o all_o his_o land_n in_o dale_n and_o make_v livery_n in_o his_o charter_n land_n no_o part_n of_o his_o copyhold-land_n be_v thereby_o forfeit_v but_o if_o livery_n be_v make_v in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o copyhold_n land_n all_o his_o copyhold_n land_n be_v forfeit_v if_o a_o copyholder_n by_o deed_n of_o bargain_n and_o sale_n enrol_v according_a to_o the_o statute_n do_v bargain_n and_o sell_v all_o his_o land_n in_o dale_n have_v both_o copyhold_n and_o freehold_a his_o copyhold_n be_v not_o thereby_o forfeit_v for_o the_o law_n will_v construe_v this_o to_o extend_v to_o his_o freehold_a only_a rather_o than_o by_o any_o over_o large_a construction_n make_v a_o forfeiture_n in_o this_o kind_n and_o if_o a_o copyholder_n by_o deed_n enrol_v bargain_v or_o sell_v all_o his_o copyhold_n land_n in_o dale_n or_o all_o his_o land_n in_o dale_n general_o have_v no_o freehold_a land_n this_o be_v a_o forfeiture_n thus_o i_o have_v show_v you_o what_o act_v amount_v to_o a_o forfeiture_n now_o i_o will_v show_v you_o what_o person_n be_v able_a to_o forfeit_v sec_n lix_n a_o man_n of_o non_fw-la sanae_fw-la memoriae_fw-la a_o idiot_n or_o a_o lunatic_n though_o they_o be_v able_a to_o take_v a_o copyhold_n yet_o they_o be_v unable_a to_o forfeit_v a_o copyhold_n because_o they_o want_v common_a reason_n nay_o common_a sense_n so_o a_o infant_n that_o be_v under_o the_o age_n of_o fourteen_o be_v unable_a to_o forfeit_v his_o copyhold_n because_o he_o want_v discretion_n and_o till_o than_o he_o be_v to_o be_v in_o ward_n to_o the_o next_o of_o his_o kindred_n to_o who_o the_o inheritance_n can_v descend_v or_o to_o the_o lord_n or_o the_o bailiff_n of_o the_o manor_n as_o the_o custom_n shall_v warrant_v so_o a_o feme_fw-fr covert_n by_o any_o act_n she_o can_v do_v of_o herself_o can_v possible_o forfeit_v her_o copyhold_n because_o she_o be_v not_o svi_fw-la juris_fw-la sed_fw-la sub_fw-la potestate_fw-la viri_fw-la but_o if_o she_o do_v any_o act_n which_o amount_v to_o a_o forfeiture_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o her_o husband_n this_o be_v in_o she_o a_o forfeiture_n a_o infant_n at_o the_o age_n of_o discretion_n may_v forfeit_v his_o copyhold_n not_o by_o offence_n which_o proceed_v from_o negligence_n or_o ignorance_n but_o by_o such_o as_o proceed_v from_o contempt_n if_o a_o infant_n come_v not_o in_o to_o be_v admit_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n at_o three_o solemn_a proclamation_n make_v at_o three_o several_a court_n or_o if_o he_o will_v suffer_v his_o house_n to_o go_v to_o ruin_v or_o his_o ground_n to_o be_v surround_v these_o act_n savour_v of_o negligence_n only_o be_v no_o forfeiture_n so_o if_o a_o infant_n copyholder_n sue_v a_o replevin_n against_o the_o lord_n upon_o a_o distress_n lawful_o take_v or_o if_o he_o alien_v by_o deed_n or_o the_o like_a these_o act_n relish_v of_o ignorance_n only_o be_v no_o forfeiture_n but_o if_o he_o deni_v from_o time_n to_o time_n to_o pay_v the_o lord_n the_o rent_n or_o commit_v voluntary_a waste_n notwithstanding_o often_o warn_v give_v he_o by_o the_o lord_n these_o act_n proceed_v from_o malice_n and_o contempt_n be_v forfeiture_n and_o so_o if_o he_o comit_v felony_n or_o treason_n if_o a_o guardian_n of_o a_o copyholder_n commit_v waste_v he_o shall_v forfeit_v the_o wardship_n only_o not_o the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o copyhold_n if_o cestuy_n que_fw-fr use_n of_o a_o copyhold_n commit_v waste_v he_o shall_v not_o forfeit_v the_o copyhold_n if_o the_o husband_n commit_v waste_v in_o copyhold_n land_n which_o he_o have_v in_o the_o right_n of_o his_o wife_n a._n co._n 4._o foe_n 27._o a._n this_o be_v a_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o wife_n copyhold_n but_o if_o a_o stranger_n commit_v waste_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o husband_n this_o be_v no_o forfeiture_n though_o the_o wife_n consent_v if_o a_o diffeisor_n of_o a_o copyhold_n commit_v
waste_v this_o be_v no_o forfeiture_n so_o if_o a_o copyhold_n be_v surrender_v to_o the_o use_n of_o i._o s._n and_o before_o admittance_n i._n s._n commit_v waste_v this_o be_v no_o forfeiture_n for_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o he_o can_v grant_v before_o admittance_n he_o can_v forfeit_v before_o admittance_n if_o two_o joint_a tenant_n be_v of_o a_o copyhold_n and_o one_o commit_v waste_v he_o forfeit_v his_o part_n only_o for_o no_o man_n can_v forfeit_v more_o than_o he_o have_v grant_v and_o therefore_o if_o there_o be_v tenant_n for_o life_n with_o a_o remainder_n over_o of_o a_o copyhold_n and_o the_o copyholder_n for_o life_n purchase_v the_o manor_n commit_v waste_v or_o do_v any_o act_n which_o amount_v to_o the_o extinguishment_n or_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o a_o copyhold_n yet_o the_o remainder_n be_v not_o hereby_o touch_v and_o so_o if_o a_o copyholder_n be_v grant_v to_o three_o habend_n successivie_a whereby_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n this_o word_n successivie_a take_v place_n the_o first_o copyholder_n can_v prejudice_v the_o other_o two_o by_o any_o act_n he_o can_v do_v no_o more_o than_o if_o a_o copyholder_n in_o fee_n by_o licence_n make_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n by_o deed_n or_o without_o licence_n by_o copy_n and_o either_o of_o these_o lessee_n commit_v waste_v the_o reversion_n be_v not_o hereby_o forfeit_v if_o i_o have_v two_o several_a copyhold_n by_o two_o several_a copy_n and_o i_o commit_v waste_n in_o one_o this_o be_v a_o forfeiture_n of_o this_o one_o only_a and_o not_o of_o the_o other_o and_o so_o if_o i_o grant_v these_o several_a copyhold_n by_o one_o copy_n yet_o they_o continue_v several_a as_o they_o do_v before_o and_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o one_o be_v not_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o other_o the_o same_o law_n be_v if_o two_o several_a copy-holds_a escheat_v to_o the_o lord_n and_o he_o regrant_v they_o again_o by_o one_o copy_n and_o thus_o have_v i_o show_v what_o person_n be_v able_a to_o forfeit_v i_o will_v now_o in_o a_o word_n show_v what_o person_n be_v able_a to_o take_v benefit_n of_o a_o forfeiture_n sec_n lx._n regular_o it_o be_v true_a that_o none_o can_v take_v benefit_n of_o a_o forfeiture_n but_o he_o that_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o manor_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o forfeiture_n and_o therefore_o if_o a_o copyholder_n make_v a_o feoffment_n and_o then_o the_o lord_n alien_v neither_o the_o grant_a nor_o the_o grantee_n can_v take_v benefit_n of_o this_o forfeiture_n for_o neither_o a_o right_a of_o entry_n nor_o a_o right_a of_o action_n can_v ever_o be_v transfer_v from_o one_o to_o another_o and_o therefore_o if_o a_o freeholder_n alien_v in_o mortmain_n and_o then_o the_o lord_n grant_v away_o his_o seignory_n neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o can_v ever_o take_v benefit_n of_o this_o forfeiture_n so_o if_o a_o lessee_n for_o life_n commit_v waste_v and_o then_o the_o lessor_n grant_v away_o the_o reversion_n this_o waste_n be_v make_v dispunishable_a but_o if_o tenant_n for_o life_n be_v of_o a_o manor_n with_o remainder_n over_o in_o fee_n to_o a_o stranger_n if_o a_o copyholder_n commit_v waste_v and_o then_o tenant_n for_o life_n of_o the_o manor_n die_v before_o entry_n yet_o he_o in_o remainder_n may_v enter_v for_o he_o have_v a_o interest_n in_o the_o manor_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o forfeiture_n commit_v though_o he_o can_v not_o enter_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o state_n in_o tenant_n for_o life_n which_o be_v determine_v his_o entry_n be_v now_o accrue_v unto_o he_o for_o the_o forfeiture_n commit_v in_o the_o life_n of_o tenant_n for_o life_n and_o sometime_o he_o that_o be_v neither_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o forfeiture_n commit_v nor_o ever_o after_o shall_v take_v benefit_n of_o a_o forfeiture_n as_o if_o a_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n grant_v a_o copyhold_n in_o fee_n and_o then_o grant_v the_o franck-tenement_n or_o the_o inheritance_n of_o this_o copyhold_n to_o a_o stranger_n the_o grantee_n though_o no_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n nor_o able_a to_o keep_v any_o court_n 24._o co._n 4._o foe_n 24._o shall_v take_v benefit_n of_o forfeiture_n make_v by_o the_o copyholder_n as_o if_o the_o copyholder_n do_v make_v a_o feoffment_n lease_n waste_n deny_v the_o rent_n etc._n etc._n thus_o have_v i_o show_v what_o person_n be_v able_a to_o take_v benefit_n of_o a_o forfeiture_n i_o will_v now_o in_o one_o word_n show_v what_o act_v amount_v to_o a_o confirmation_n of_o a_o estate_n forfeit_v sec_n lxi_o if_o the_o lord_n do_v any_o thing_n whereby_o he_o do_v acknowledge_v he_o his_o tenant_n after_o forfeiture_n this_o acknowledgement_n amount_v to_o a_o confirmation_n as_o if_o he_o distreyn_v upon_o the_o ground_n for_o rent_n due_a after_o forfeiture_n or_o if_o he_o admit_v after_o the_o forfeiture_n or_o the_o like_a these_o be_v estoppell_n to_o the_o lord_n so_o that_o he_o can_v never_o enter_v so_o the_o lord_n have_v notice_n of_o such_o forfeiture_n before_o any_o such_o act_n which_o may_v amount_v to_o a_o confirmation_n be_v do_v yet_o some_o make_v this_o difference_n that_o these_o forfeiture_n only_o which_o destroy_v not_o the_o copyhold_n be_v only_o conformable_a by_o subsequent_a acknowledgement_n and_o not_o those_o forfeiture_n which_o tend_v to_o the_o destruction_n of_o a_o copyhold_n as_o if_o the_o copyholder_n make_v a_o feoffment_n by_o this_o the_o copyholder_n be_v destroy_v and_o therefore_o no_o subsequent_a acknowledgement_n of_o the_o lord_n will_v ever_o salve_v this_o sore_a and_o this_o shall_v suffice_v for_o forfeiture_n i_o come_v now_o in_o the_o last_o place_n to_o show_v what_o act_v amount_v to_o the_o extinguishment_n of_o a_o copyhold_n sec_n lxii_o wheresoever_o a_o copyhold_n be_v become_v not_o demisable_v by_o copy_n either_o by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o lord_n by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o law_n or_o by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o copyholder_n himself_o it_o be_v extinguish_v for_o ever_o by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o lord_n as_o if_o a_o copyholder_n escheat_v and_o the_o lord_n grant_v away_o any_o estate_n by_o deed_n this_o be_v a_o extinguishment_n 31._o co._n 4._o foe_n 31._o so_o if_o he_o make_v a_o feoffment_n upon_o condition_n and_o then_o enter_v for_o breach_n of_o the_o condition_n yet_o the_o copyhold_n be_v extinguish_v because_o once_o not_o demisable_v but_o if_o the_o lord_n keep_v the_o copyhold-land_n for_o never_o so_o many_o year_n or_o grant_v at_o will_n this_o destroy_v not_o the_o copyhold_n because_o it_o continue_v ever_o demisable_v by_o copy_n by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o law_n as_o if_o the_o copyhold_n escheat_v be_v extend_v upon_o a_o statute_n or_o recognizance_n acknowledge_v by_o the_o lord_n or_o if_o the_o feme_fw-fr of_o the_o lord_n have_v this_o land_n assign_v unto_o she_o for_o her_o dower_n although_o these_o impediment_n be_v by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o law_n yet_o because_o they_o be_v lawful_a the_o land_n can_v never_o after_o be_v grant_v by_o copy_n by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o copyholder_n himself_o as_o if_o he_o accept_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n at_o the_o common_a law_n either_o mediate_a or_o immediate_a from_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o copyhold_n this_o be_v a_o absolute_a extinguishment_n but_o if_o he_o accept_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n of_o the_o manor_n the_o copyholder_n by_o this_o have_v not_o continuance_n but_o this_o be_v no_o extinguishment_n because_o the_o land_n continue_v still_o grantable_a by_o copy_n if_o a_o copyholder_n with_o licence_n make_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n to_o a_o stranger_n or_o without_o licence_n make_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n to_o the_o lord_n the_o copyhold_n be_v not_o hereby_o extinguish_v and_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o demisable_v by_o copy_n so_o if_o a_o copyholder_n intermarri_v with_o a_o feme_fw-fr seignioresse_n this_o be_v a_o suspension_n only_o of_o the_o copyhold_n no_o extinguishment_n so_o if_o the_o interruption_n be_v torcious_a as_o the_o lord_n be_v disseise_v and_o this_o disseisor_n die_v seize_v or_o if_o the_o land_n be_v recover_v by_o false_a verdict_n or_o erroneous_a judgement_n and_o after_o the_o land_n be_v recontinue_a it_o be_v not_o extinguish_v but_o may_v be_v grant_v arere_z by_o copy_n for_o non_fw-la valet_fw-la impedimentum_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la non_fw-la sortitur_fw-la effectum_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la contra_fw-la legem_fw-la fit_a pro_fw-la infecto_fw-la habetur_fw-la and_o so_o i_o conclude_v with_o copyholder_n wish_v that_o these_o may_v ever_o be_v a_o perfect_a union_n betwixt_o they_o and_o their_o lord_n that_o they_o may_v have_v a_o feel_n of_o each_o other_o wrong_n and_o injury_n that_o their_o so_o little_a commonwealth_n have_v all_o his_o member_n knit_v together_o in_o complete_a order_n may_v flourish_v to_o the_o end_n finis_fw-la