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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A14399	Concerning the excommunication of the Venetians a discourse against Cæsar Baronius Cardinall of the Church of Rome In which the true nature and vse of excommunication is briefly and cleerly demonstrated, both by testimonies of Holy Scripture, and from the old records of Christs Church. Written in Latine by Nicolas Vignier, and translated into English after the copie printed at Samur 1606. Whereunto is added the Bull of Pope Paulus the Fift, against the Duke, Senate and Commonwealth of Venice: with the protestation of the sayd Duke and Senate. As also an apologie of Frier Paul of the order of Serui in Venice.; De Venetorum excommunicatione, adversus Caesarem Baronium. English	Vignier, Nicolas.; Sarpi, Paolo, 1552-1623. Apologia per le oppositioni fatte dall'illustrissimo & reverendissimo signor cardinale Bellarminio alli trattati, et risolutioni di Gio. Gersone. English.; Baronio, Cesare, 1538-1607. Duo vota. English.; Catholic Church. Pope (1605-1621 : Paul V); Venice (Republic : to 1797). Doge (1606-1612 : Donato)	1607 (1607)	STC 24719; ESTC S120778	41,133	78

by them who vse godlinesse as a trade to gaine by But as the vse of this sacred and holy worke is very soueraigne so the abuse of it is most pestilent and pernitious when vnder pretence thereof enuie is sometimes stirred vp contrarie to all diuine and humane lawes and they which are not well backed are laden and oppressed with the hatred of others and wholesome doctrine is abandoned by which according to the instruction of the Euangelists and Apostles both the world and Common-wealths are gouerned and do endure Surely I wish and desire nothing more than to performe all subiection and obedience vnto you and to render an account of my faith neither do I flee the light who being grounded vpon the Catholique faith according to the Commandement of the Lord haue giuen to Caesar those things which are Caesars and to God those things which are Gods But such is the estate of times and many things haue come to this passe that all men may plainly see that I am to be exempted from your citation and command For when as without obseruance of any lawfull order the bookes are interdicted and forbidden before the authors of them are heard to speak for themselues neither any sentences or propositions chosen out marked and noted with speciall censures that it might be made manifest in euerie particular of what sort they either were or might be esteemed to be as the custome hath beene in former times and especially obserued in the Councell holden at Constance but the matter deliuered after a new fashion and vnheard of in an elaborate oration namely that many things in those bookes contained were very rash calumnious scandalous seditious scismaticall and hereticall respectiuely so that by reason of the obscu the oration and the vndetermined limitation of that aduerbe it can not appeare whether by all those wordes all the foresaid bookes bee condemned or what esteeme we are to make of euerie one of them in particular and this done to this end that men might reserue free libertie vnto themselues to speake when and what they would as the occasions of the future businesse might moue them and that the authors of the bookes might haue their answers to seeke for the defending of their bookes And since all bookes that might afterward be written of that argument which might containe in them the right and cause of the Common-wealth of Venice are alreadie condemned an end is put to any intended controuersie in respect of any one which would be a publisher or defender of their lawes and rights Wherefore most renouned Lordes since sentence though ambiguous and needing a manifold explication is alreadie denounced against me concerning those bookes which were composed by me after so great a preiudice brought vpon mee before I was heard speak it is not now lawful by any right that any other iudgement should be pronounced against me as if the matter were intire or that I should be called to mine answer and cited to appeare after sentence denounced against me Neither besides all this can I looke for vpright iudgement when as among the rest that worthy Lord Cardinall Bellarmine sitteth as Iudge who in a booke thus in Italian intituled An answer of Cardinall Bellarmine to a Treatise of seuen Diuines of Venice concerning the Interdict of the holinesse of our Lord Pope Paul the Fift and to the oppositions of Friar Paul of the order of Seruants against the first writing of the said Cardinall doth plainly affirme that he had beene exceedingly iniured by the foresaid Apologie and wheras he doth not answer that which was obiected against him hee heapeth vp a multitude of taunts against me and on euerie side breatheth out reuenge and therefore hee ought to haue absteined from denouncing sentence against me or else from interposing himselfe as a iudge in this matter either for feare of God or his owne conscience terrifying him or at least for the auoiding of scandall Furthermore this may bee added that sentences and censures haue beene published against our renowmed Prince the Senate and Common wealth of Venice and against their fauourers adherents and counsellers whom I of duty and with blessing from the Reuerend Father Prior generall of my order of Seruants do serue in place of a Diuine an Ecclesiasticall ciuill Lawyer as others can not dissemble their angrie minde against me so I can not but be in great feare which things seeing they be manifest to all men needed not any longer discourse But seeing that as it is auerred it is manifest vnto you by the testimonie of men of credit and other arguments that there is no safe accesse vnto mee to serue a personall citation it should bee farre more apparant vnto the same men that I should haue farre lesse safe yea most dangerous passage vnto you wherfore ye haue saued me a labour of prouing that which I purposed to haue done for if ye being mightie men bee not able to serue one citation on mee shall I the meanest of all being now absent from the Communion of you and yours looke for safe conducts shall I haue safe accesse vnto you Neither is this to bee last and least regarded that by the Edict of our renouned Prince Ecclesiasticall persons are prohibited to depart out of this dominion whom I ought in dutie especially to obey both in regard of respects common 〈◊〉 me with all others as also for that the spirituall seruice being adioined with the regular and lawfull obedience vnto the Common-wealth it is not only vnlawfull to depart out of the kingdome but euen out of the Citie without leaue obtained As for my selfe Reuerend Lordes I am readie to render an account of my faith vnto any man and to answer any not suspected Iudges and for that purpose to take a iourney to any safe places Wherefore the case thus standing I beseech you by the comming of that great and fearefull Iudge with whom there shall be no respect of persons that ye would not persecute a worme and dead dogge but as right requires ye would admit of my exceptions against the iudgements the iudges and the place of triall and pronounce them iustly made If yee doe otherwise I pronounce a nullity in the sight of God and his holy Church of your decrees and all further proceedings and commend my selfe to the protection of the almighty and cast the care of my selfe vpon his Maiestie And if I bee separated from your community as you threaten to deale with mee without all order of diuine or humane lawes God assisting me I am ready to beare it with a patient mind being certaine with Gelasius that an vniust sentence can hurt no man in the sight of God and his Church I am lesse moued with the threatned penalty of perpetuall infamie I will speake according to the saying of that most holy man Thinke of Austen what you will only let not my conscience accuse me in the sight of God S. Peter hath long since admonished vs that none should suffer as a man slaier or a thiefe or an euill speaker or a desirer of other mens goods but if hee suffereth as a Christian let him not bee ashamed I shall exceedingly reioice with the holy Apostles if I suffer reproch for the doctrine of Christ and the holy Apostle Paul But I am not ashamed that I am defamed for expounding and defending the right of a Catholike most mighty and renowmed Common wealth thorow the whole earth I will also most willingly beare the infamie which I shall suffer for defending the memory and credit of Iohn Gerson a most Christian Doctor and a man of admirable learning and pietie and exceeding good desert of the Church of Rome Trusting that through the puritie of the Euangelicall and Apostolicall doctrine and the renowne of so great a Common-wealth and the renowne and fame of that most holy Doctor the mark of vniust and vndeserued infamy shall be taken away I nothing respect the punishment of being depriued from offices and dignities which yee threaten beside excommunication I neither desire any offices or dignities neither would I receiue any if they were offered I am fully determined to applie my selfe to the seruice of God in that calling in which hee hath placed me Let those bee moued with such scarre-crowes who do account them punishments I esteeme it an especiall office and dignitie to liue all my life in this most base and low degree But in the meane time since I can not come vnto you to render by liuely voice an account of my faith for reasons aboue mentioned and others in their due place and time to be alledged by my works alreadie published and those which I shall heereafter performe I haue and will render you a full account of it and I will keepe entire that dutie obedience and faith which I haue heeretofore borne towards you especially so many yeeres as I was conuersant at Rome hoping that God will giue me opportunitie time and occasion to approue my innocencie vnto you and the whole world and heare mee in his due time and in the meane while giue mee such successe with my tentation that I shall be able to beare it But I do earnestly intreat and beseech you by the comming of Christ our Lord and your dutie and place in the Church of God if ye haue thought any sentences and propositions in my writing worthie reprehension since it can not bee coniectured from the doubtfull wordes of the former edict what they are that yee would command that they bee selected out and noted with fit markes that I agreeing to your iudgement to which I will alwaies attribute much may either expound them if they bee not cleere enough or else fortifie them with more strong reasons and arguments For in the meane time whilest they are condemned together with other writings of other men without any speciall exception with an amhiguous aduerb I protest that there can be nothing found in them worthy reprehension At Venice from the Conuent of Seruants Nouember 29. 1606.

and to Kill By what right by what authoritie Certes Christ did constitute his Apostles Pastors to feed that Church which himselfe had acquired by his blood which also is the dutie of all and euerie one which haue any charge in the church wherunto Peter himselfe giues witnesse when hee saith 1. Pet. 5.1.2.3 The Elders which are among you I beseech which am also an Elder c. Feed the flocke of God which dependeth vpon you caring for it not by constraint but willingly not for filthy lucre but of a ready mind not as though you were Lords ouer the heritage of God but that you may be ensamples vnto the flocke and when the chiefe sheepheard shall appeare not that Arch Flamn of Rome but Christ you shall receiue an incorruptible crowne of glorie But as for that office of Killing not any the least mention in the booke of God vnlesse it may be in these places where such Pastors be deciphered as in conditions resemble your scarlet Colledge so well that milke cannot be more like to milke than you to them Concerning whom we read that God of old spake in this sort vnto Ezechiel Ezech 34.2.3 Thus saith the Lord God vnto the shepheards Woe vnto the shepheards of Israel that feed themselues Should not the shepheards feed the flocks You eat the milke and cloath yourselues with the fat you kill the best but feed not my flocke The weake haue you not strengthened the sicke haue you not healed neither haue you bound vp the broken nor brought that againe which was driuen away neither haue you sought that which was lost but with cruelty and with rigour haue you ruled them And they were scattered without a shepheard c. Therefore ô shepheards heare the word of Iehoua Thus saith the Lord God Behold I am against the shepheards and will require my sheep at their hands and cause them to cease from feeding the flocke that these shepheards may no longer feed themselues for I will deliuer my sheepe from their mouthes and they shall no more deuoure them Which Prophecy you see is fulfilled in your selues that haue lost England Sweland Denmarke Norway and the greater part of Germany deliuered from your deuouring mouthes and you can no more obtrude your merchandise vpon them your Lambes of wax Agnos Dei your hallowed beades your Bulles your Iubiles But come wee to the grounds whereon this paradox is built and to those pillars that beare it vp B The Lord said vnto him Feed my sheep and he heard a voice from Heauen Kill and Eat I maruel you deduce not your office of killing out of the first word Lib. 1. de Rom. Pontifice c. 15. Feed seeing Bellarmine not the least among these scarlet Worthies hath found your Popes Regall authoritie therein For Homer saith the man in his second Ilias from whom Christ no doubt did borrow this phrase calleth Agamemnon once and again Pastor of the people 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 who it is certaine slew and sent many packing away to Pluto and therefore shared it should seeme this office of killing with you But passe wee from these bables and come vnto the oracles more renowmed than the Delphian Peter heard a voice from heauen Kill and eat What if he did B Matth. 26 52. Iohn 18.13 He heard also from * Christs own mouth Put vp thy sword into thy sheath for he that striketh with the sword shall perish with the sword Whether voice of the two did most amate Peter that which bid him or that which did forbid him to kill Either was this his voice vttered by him whom it is high impiety to disobey whom all religion tieth to yeeld obedience vnto who cannot lie nor cannot deceiue And Peter was obedient vnto both He did not cast away the keies which Christ had committed to him iointly with the other * Apostles Math. 16.19 and take him vnto his sword as * one of the Popes of Rome is reported to haue cast Peters keies into the Tiber and laid hold Pope Iulv the second that Butifeu of Italy as he called it vpon Pauls swords but subiected himselfe vnto Neroes sword and as well by example taught others so to do as by this his expresse precept 1. Peter 2 1● Submit your selues vnto all maner ordinance of man for the Lords sake whether it be vnto the King as vnto the superioror vnto gouernours as vnto them that are sent of him for the punishment of euill doers and for the praise of them that do well Neither hauing receiued that message Kill and eat did he withdraw himselfe from the society of the Gentiles which was the scope and end both of this voice and heauenly vision For being ignorant as then that the ceremonies of Moses law were to be abolished and the Gentiles to be aggregated into the people of God without receiuing the seale of circumcision or obseruing of other legall rites Christ by this vision would teach him the truth for that sheet and vessell which Peter beheld is a resemblance of the Church of Christ which is said to be let down from heauen because it is on Gods prouidence more strongly suspended than if it were fastened vnto Iupiters golden chaine wherof Homer speketh There be within the continent of the Church liuing creatures of euery kind vnder heauen foure-footed flying creeping things cleane and vncleane that is to say which as yet Peter did not know Iewes and Gentile That is the mystery which in former times was not disclosed vnto men but now is made manifest to his Apostles and Prophets in the Spirit that the Gentiles are to be made one body coheires and copartners of the promise in Christ by the Gospell as Paul speaketh Eph. 3. Which vision because of some obscurity in it is farther illustrated in course of Scripture Kill saith he and Eat without difference cleane and vncleane beasts Leuit. 11. per totum For howsoeuer it was hitherto by the law forbidden it is now permitted by grace in Christ which to be the intendment and scope of that vision Peter himselfe doth contest in these words of his vnto Cornelius You know it is vnlawfull for a man that is a Iew to company or conuerse with one of another nation Act. 10. But God hath shewed me that I must not call any man defiled or impure And this is the generall exposition of the Fathers agreeing thereupon with one consent out of whose Commentings and large enarrations Oecumenius collected those his summary notes which hee hath left vpon the Acts of the Apostles His words be these Oecumenius in Act. Aposto●●rum The vessell which he saw designeth the world made of grosse substance The beasts of diuers kinds are types of the different degrees of man And to speake more plainly The sheet is the Church The liuing creatures in it be the Gentiles Peter saw the Church tied and knit vnto the foure Euangelists and all

it is a question meerely politicall with which the Popes should not intermeddle if they do lust to giue eare vnto Christ his Commandement Math. 20.26 or were disposed to follow his example who though inuited would not haue any thing to do with ciuill cases and legall controuersies Luc. 12. A fourth Nullitie is in that Papall Excommunication doth not only forbid the parties censured all Ecclesiasticall Communion but ouer and aboue all Politicke and Ciuill See the Bulls of Paul the iii ag Henry the viii of England of Sixtus 5. against King of Nauar and Prince of Conde and of Pius 5. against Queene Elizabeth as namely that in Mariage expresly against the Apostles decrees 1. Cor. 7.8 and lawfull subiection vnto Magistrates For it is their manner in their Bulls Excommunicatorie to absolue the subiects from their Othe of Obedience and any other bond or dutie in which they bee tied to expose the possessions and goods of Princes as a pray and a spoile to any that will seeke them so as it shall be lawfull without denouncing warre proclaiming hostilitie by secret practises or open force for any man to pursue to apprehend or murther them to depriue their issue of al right to succeed and make them infamous and vncapable to Incite the Nobilitie and Comminaltie to armes Interdict the suspended from any commerce or negotiation with other nations to determine the leagues and articulations of Princes and States made with them to be void and of no validitie and lastly to forbid them Christian buriall Which what is it else but in detestable sort to violate the law of Nature and Nations to set vp iniustice euerie where to teach children to hate their parents subiects to be periured perfidious rebellious disoobedient and practise such Papall virtues as these And therefore it was not without cause that Laurentius Valla a Putritian of Rome said That Rome was a schoole wherein men learned to lie to deceiue sweare forsweare Christ taught no such lesson Matth. 22.21 when hee bad Giue vnto Caesar the things that bee Caesars and vnto God that which belongs vnto him It is not the doctrine of Saint Paul Rom. 13.1 who willeth euerie soule to be subiect vnto higher Powers Whether Apostle or Euangelist or Prophet or whosoeuer hee bee saith Chrysostome for this subiection doth not in any case crosse our pietie Peter gaue no such command when hee willeth seruants to bee subiect in all feare vnto their Lords not vnto the good and gentle alone 1. Pet. 2 but euen the froward and peruerse Happily it will be said but not Excommunicated Surely yes if the person which stands Excommunicate be not any otherwise to bee accounted of then as an Ethnicke and a Publicane with whom in ciuill negotiations the Iewes did not refraine to communicate For liuing in and vnder an * Ethnicke state The Romans by deputies they yeelded obedience vnto thei positiue lawes and to the Publicans Farmers of the common reuenues they paied Customes and tribute mony trading also with them in other things Which right whensoeuer the Popes of Rome went about to infringe by thundring curses and Excommunications God from Heauen hath disclosed the fearfulnesse of his vengeance against the forsworne Traitors as is plaine in that miserable end of Ralfe Duke of Sweland Antoninus vita Henr. 4. Abbas V●sperg Hen. 4. alij whom Gregorie the Seauenth did set vp in place of the Emperour Henrie the Fourth Which Ralph being at the will of the Pope crowned by the Arch-Bishop of Mentz wretched man that he was for in lieu of a vaine crowne which stood not long vpon his head hee vnderwent an infortunate crosse beeing vanquished in fight by his Prince who when hee yeelded vp the ghost shewed his right hand cut off in fight as a memoriall of his treachery vnto the Bishops his Instigators vsing withall these wordes See you heere that hand with which I bound my selfe by solemne oth neuer to iniurie neuer to contriue against my Lord Henrie which oth to breake your perswasion and the Apostolicall commandement hath induced mee Behold and consider in how right a course yee haue led him that was content to be ruled by you The fift Nullitie of papall Excommunication remaineth behind to bee drawen from the end of that Censure which is the sauing of his Soule in setting foorth the glorie of God procuring the good of the Church These ends how little root they haue euer taken time out of minde in the Popes of Rome all good men haue well noted and many not the worst haue deplored Roderico bishop of Zamora Roder. Zamor lib. 2 spei vitae hum ca 3. Castellane that is keeper of the Castle Saint Angelo * Castellane Referendary to Pope Paul the 2. in his booke intituled The glasse of mans life where he speaketh of the anxieties cares which do accompany al Popes hath these words Their first let and hinderance are domesticall cares then their vniust desire or to speak plaine greedie greedinesse to aduance their kindred and which flesh and blood doth reueale vnto them to perpetuate their linage kindred and name The house of Parma at this day from Paul the third a Farnescan For so haue some Popes been resolued to make themselues the rootes and raisers not of one but many noble and famous houses the first progenitors of mightie Princes Such aspiring desires want not the Presidents of ancient Popes much lesse shall they want fautors and furtherers Learned and vnlearned will perswade them to it some will cite fables some alleadge Scriptures and detorted authorities to tickle the Popes itching eares Heare him what he saith good Baronius and learne of him what counsell to giue your Pope Paul Loe will they say What man euer hated his owne flesh For Christ himself whose actions euery Pope his Vicar should follow when he loued his owne loued them vnto the end He exalted those that were allied vnto him But whether did he exalt them vnto the crosse Caesar Borgia Guicciard lib. 4. Hist Ital. And this mind doubt had Pope Alexander the sixt when he raised his sonne Caesar from a Cardinals hat to the royall dignity of Duke of Valentia by prophane chaffare of holy things For saith Nicolaus de Clamengijs speaking of Popes when exceeding great abundance of worldly plenty and insatiable auarice associated with ambition had seated themselues in Clergymen treading downe the vertuous branches of ancient better daies as it could not but fall out so it came to passe Pride made themswel desire of great place puffed them vp they wasted their daies and bodies in wantonnesse Three Lords they had cruell exactors to content Luxury first which exacted vpon them the pleasures of wine of sleepe of feastings of musicke of Iugles of pandars of whores Secondly Pride which would haue the pompous pageantly shewes of high storied houses Castels Towers Pallaces royall and gorgeous furniture gay apparrell horses retinue Thirdly