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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
lord_n	word_n	work_v	zeal_n	86	3	7.8463	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A64345	An account of Poland containing a geographical description of the country, the manners of the inhabitants, and the wars they have been engag'd in, the constitution of that government, particularly the manner of electing and crowning their king, his power and prerogatives : with a brief history of the Tartars / by Monsieur Hauteville ... ; to which is added, a chronology of the Polish kings, the abdication of King John Casimir, and the rise and progress of Socinianisme ; likewise a relation of the chief passages during the last interregnum ; and the election and coronation of the new King Frederic Augustus ; the whole comprehending whatsoever is curious and worthy of remark in the former and present state of Poland.; Relation historique de la Pologne. English	Tende, Gaspard de, 1618-1697.	1698 (1698)	Wing T678; ESTC R20715	178,491	319

then they make nothing of entring their Huts and plundering what they can The poor Rusticks have no admittance into their Lord's Presence without Presents and if it be their Fortune to have access to them they are commonly directed to make their complaint to the Judges who are sure to do them but little good unless the Plaintifs bring them Presents to recommend their Petitions so that every word of the Judge in Lithuania is money Four days commonly and sometimes five or six in a week the Wretches must work for their Lords On Mundays they are allowed to drudge for themselves and as they have not time enough on other days they frequently do all manner of work on sundays for the Peasants keep no manner of Saints Holy-days there having that also particular to them with the Russians that if you ask them why they presume to work on the Lord's day they will answer you with this question whether they must not eat on the Lord's day They are oblig'd to pay a Tax three or four times a year towards defraying the charges of guarding the Frontiers besides several other heavy Impositions of their Lord 's devising Their Bread is the brownest and coursest the Wheat and Ears of Corn being commonly ground together They have very little Horses which yet are excellent for service either in War or Husbandry They do not plough the Ground with Iron but with Wood which seems the stranger because their soil is generally hard and not sandy When they go to plough they take along with them several pieces of Wood which they use instead of Plough shares and when one is broken they presently clap another into the Plough A certain great man to ease those poor men in that hard labour caus'd several Iron Plough-shares to be fabricated but as the following years by reason of the badness of the weather there were no plentiful Harvests they Peasants positively ascribed the sterility of the Ground to those Iron Plough-shares insomuch that to avoid a sedition they were permitted to use their old Way Their Dress is generally a course Ash-colour'd Habit with a sort of Buskings or Boots made of the skins of Beasts after they have taken off the hair They have a sort of light Carts about which they make use of no manner of Iron-work and as they never grease them when many of them are driven together the Axel-trees make a strange uncouth sort of a Noise In some places in the Country if any one of the Peasants has committed a Crime for which his Lord thinks fit to condemn him to die the Criminal is obliged to hang himself and be his own Executioner and if he refuses he is compell'd to do it with Threats and Blows As 't is not many hundred years since the Lithuanians became Christians there are some of the meaner sort still in the Country so stupidly ignorant as to retain many things of their Ancestors Idolatrous Worship these keep a sort of swarthy serpents which they look upon as their tutelary Divinities feeding them with great Care and Respect and attributing their ill Fortune to their neglect of those Animals Not long ago the Lithuanian Rusticks us'd to offer sacrifices about the latter end of October to an imaginary Deity whom they called Ziemiennick Those of Samogitia and Russia us'd to do the like Neither were those of Livonia less idolatrous having been taught Christianity not only by preaching and apostolical Admonitions but also by force of Arms. This gave Birth to the Order of Livonian Knights who first styl'd themselves Sword-bearing Fryers or Brothers and these finding themselves unable to fight the Livonians out of their ancient Belief and Liberty in time call'd in the Teutonick Knights of Prussia to their assistance by which means they at last prevailed Being at last incorporated with them by Pope Gregory IX the Livonian Masters were oblig'd to pay homage and certain Tributes to the Masters of Prussia till the time of Albert Marquess of Brandenburg who about the year 1513 parted with that yearly Tribute and Homage for a large summ of Money Thus the Livonian Knights by degrees and also the several Bishops and Arch Bishops became so many Soveraigns till after many Wars the whole Country of Livonia was subdued by Sigismund Augustus King of Poland tho' since it has been quitted to the Swedes who are now Masters of it CHAP. VI. Of the State of POLAND THe Polanders have at all times had an Inclination to War Insomuch that at first they continually went arm'd as if they had been just ready to engage their Enemies and indeed all their business was to rove about and change their Station from time to time more like Shepherds than like setled Inhabitants of any particular Place neither were they ever in safety for they were on one side always ready to be attacked by the Germans and by the Scythians on the other So that they had many Wars and bloody Conflicts with both those Nations Yet tho' there never was any solid Friendship between them and the Germans at last their way of Living and the Care they took to keep their word to one another made them Accustom themselves more to them than to the Scythians In the beginning the Polanders had neither Laws nor Princes to govern them and liv'd after an uncontroul'd manner but as no Nation can remain long without Rulers principally in time of War they afterwards us'd to chuse among themselves a Chief who was commonly the most Famous person for Valour among them and they us'd to obey him as a Leader but his Authority lasted no longer than the War All the People resolutely followed him Arm'd with Bows and Arrows Partisans and long Launces the Women attended their Husbands pretending to witchcraft the Knowledge of the future Events of Battles The Men never us'd to betake themselves to flight whosoever ran away was never suffer'd to return to his Party This being esteem'd the greatest shame and ignominy among them They came in time to have Knights which was the next Dignity to their Chief Captain and those were also never chosen but out of the Bravest after they had signaliz'd their Valour against the Enemy They Worship'd the Sun the Moon Mars and diverse other false Divinities having certain Places and Rites appropriated to pay them their Adoration They buried the dead in Forests and Fields laying high heaps of stones over their Tombes as may be still seen in many places in Russia others according to the Roman way us'd to burn the dead Bodies and layd up the ashes in Urns Few things satisfi'd them for their Food They had nothing which they properly call'd their own except their Bow their Partisan and Launce They purchased what ever they wanted of others by the way of Barter or Exchange They wore course Garments made of the skins of Wild Beasts down to their heels despising all Rich Dresses Treasures Houses and possessions They made an end of all private

was not entirely united to the Kingdom till the year 1501 by Albert Duke of Lithuania who was chosen King of Poland This Dutchy contains eight Palatinates viz. Vilnae Troki Bressici Nowogrodeck Minsk Mseislaw Vitepsk and Polosk It is a hundred leagues long and a hundred and fifty broad and is bordered by Muscovy on the North and East by Russia and Volhinia on the South and by Samogitia Prussia and Podlachia on the West The chief Rivers of the great Dutchy are the Niemen and the Dzwina The Province of Russia which was united to Poland by King Casimir the Great anno 1341 is bordered by Lithuania on the North and by the Mountains of Hungary and Transilvania on the South It has Upper Volhinia and Upper Podolia on the East and Little Poland on the West It contains three Palatinates Leopold Chelm and Belch the principal River that runs thro' it is the Bugg Bokutia which is part of the Palatinate of Leopold is a small Country border'd on the North with the Niester and on the South with the Carpathian Mountains It was sold to Poland with the Towns of Sniatyn and Kolomey upon the River Prut by Alexander Palatin of Valachia for 500 Ounces of Silver The chief City of Pokutia is Halioz on the Niester whither Lewis King of Poland and Hungary transferred the Archbishoprick of Leopold anno 1375 with a design to joyn Russia Pod●lia and Pokutia to Hungary because of their sertility But the whole Polish Nobility took up Arms to oppose that Enterprise and made so much noise about it in the Diet that the Archbishoprick was restored to Leopold Prussia is bounded on the North with the Bal●●k Sea on the South with Great Poland and Mas●●● 〈◊〉 the East with Lithuania and on the West 〈…〉 The Kingdom of Poland was long 〈◊〉 with a cruel and bloody War about the ●●osession of this Province For when the Knights of the Teutonick Order were driven out of Syria by the Saracens they were received by Conrade Duke of Prussia and Brother to Lescus King of Poland who finding himself unable to defend his Country against the continual Incursions of the Idolatrous Prussians called in those Knights to his Assistance in the year 1228 promising them half of what they could Conquer in Prussia and in the mean time putting 'em in possession of the Province of Culm till they should be able to make themselves Masters of some part of the Country This was the fatal Spring of all the Differences which engag'd Poland in a War that was carryed on with so Obstinate a Fury For the Knights of the Teutonic Order grew at last so Formidable to their Neighbours and by successive Victories rais'd their Power to such a heighth that after they had subdued all Prussia they gave many Battels to the Polanders who could never utterly expel 'em tho they sometimes obtain'd considerable Victories over them as in the Battel which Jagillon fought against Grunwald and Tanneberg in the Year 1400. In the mean time the Teutonick Knights were so proud of their new Conquests that forgetting their Original and scorning the humble and samiliar Name of Brother with which their Religious Constitution oblig'd 'em to content themselves they began openly to claim the Title of Lords notwithstanding the pious Zeal of their great Master Vlric who endeavour'd to oppose so scandalous an Innovation And tho they were frequently beaten by the Polanders they ceased not to continue the War because they were assisted by the Emperors and by the Princes of the House of Austria 'T is certain that the Austrian Family cou'd never endure that the Polanders shou'd recover Prussia as it appears by the following Instance When Sigismund K. of Poland sent Ambassadors to the Dyet at Augsburg Anno 1530 to justifie his Pretensions to that Province the Difference was adjusted in favour of Poland but the Execution of it being left to the Emperor Charles V the Resolution of the Diet took no effect These Knights assum'd such an absolute and independent Authority that they would not submit even to the Decrees of the Popes for Locticus King of Poland having sent to Avignon to complain that these Military Friars had usurped one of his Provinces the Pope order'd 'em to restore it upon pain of Excommunication but they had so little Regard to his Menaces that they resus'd positively to quit their Possession Under the same Loct●us the Chancellor of Pomerania a factious man and a secret Enemy to his Soveraign plotted to deliver up that Province to the Marquess of Brandenburg but he was taken and put in Prison before he could execute his treacherous design Nevertheless the King pardon'd him at the Request of his Brothers However it seems the Affront he thought he had receiv'd made a stronger Impression upon him than the sparing of his Life for not long after he put several Towns of Pomerania into the hands of the Marquess of Brandenburg and among the rest the City of Dan●●c In the mean time one B●●●sia who was Governor of the Citadel of Da●tz●c for the King of Poland defended that place and acquainted his Master with the present Exigency of his Affairs but before the Polan●● could come up to his assistance he was oblig'd to call in the 〈◊〉 Knights allowing them half the Government of the Ciradel of Dartzie provided they would defend it entirely a whole Year at their own charge by which means the Citadel was not only preserved but the Town it self was retaken But the Polanders had no reason to boast of that Success for their pretended Friends were so far from contenting themselves with the promis'd Reward of their Service that they resolved to make themselves the sole Masters of the Citadel notwithstanding the repeated Remonstrances of Bogusta and the rest of the faithful Polanders And this open violation of a solemn Treaty was the occasion of a bloody War which created so implacable an Animosity betwixt the Polanders and their encroaching Neighbors that the least Pretence was sufficient to rekindle the Flame And afterwards when Casimir the Grandson of Locticus renew'd his Complaints against them and prevail'd with the Pope to excommunicate them if they would not restore that usurped Province they slighted both him and his Excommunication But at last by the Peace which was concluded betwixt Casimir and the Order it was agreed upon That the Great Master should be acknowledg'd as a Prince and Senator of the Republick under the Protection and Dominion of Poland Some time after the Province was divided into two Parts call'd the Royal and Ducal Prussia Albert of Brandenburg Great Master of the Teutonic Order having turn'd Lutheran and being married fix'd his Residence in this Province and Sigismund yielded up to him the Ducal Prussia on condition that he should remain a Vassal to Poland And by the Peace of Oliva made in the Year 1660 the Soveraignty of Ducal Prussia was finally yielded up to the Elector of Brend●●●ing Thus at present 't

Meads about it quickly drew thither Faustus Socinus Cousin German to Lelius with several others Hereupon several Books were Publish'd and spread over the whole Kingdom and the Chief not only of Catholicks but also of Lutherans and Calvinists embracing the Opinion of Socinus drew every day great Numbers to their Party Whereupon the Republick for fear least the Sparks already kindled should set the Whole Nation in Flames and least the Plague which had Infected many of the Members should at length destroy the Whole Body by the Incitement of the Bishops and several other Religious Orders oblig'd the King Augustus to Banish Lismaninus the Queens Confessor out of the Court and induc'd him to issue forth the following Edict against the Growing Heresies in Poland The EDICT of King Sigismund against the Socinians WHereas all Humane things are altogether vain and unprofitable unless Govern'd by the Laws of God and establish'd by the Integrity and Union of Religion Therefore We Sigismund Augustus by the Grace of God King of Poland do Publish and Declare to all and every person that is or may be concern'd that We being inform'd by Our Counsellors of Church and State that several Heresies are every where hatch'd within Our Kingdom and that not only New Doctrines and Ceremonies are Introduc'd but also that several of our unthinking Subjects do openly profess and instruct the same We following the Examples of our Predecessors whose chiefest care and study was to Propagate and Protect the Christian Faith and to cut off all occasion of Quarrel among our Subjects and of Disturbance in the State which always attends Dissensions in Religion And thinking this to be the proper Duty of Christian Kings and Princes do by these Our Letters Patent Testify and Promise That We out of Respect to the Christian Religion and out of Love to the Holy Church will Profess and Maintain to the utmost of our Power within all Our Dominions the Truth and Sincerity of the Ecclesiastical Doctrine and of the Christian Catholick and Apostolick Faith as it is professed by the Holy Church of Rome and as it has been Receiv'd and Profess'd constantly by Our Predecessors As for the Enemies thereof as well Pagans who are the Profess'd Enemies of Christianity as Hereticks who under the pretence of being Christians and by a false Interpretation of Scripture destroy Christianity and shew themselves to be alienated from the Faith and the Religion once deliver'd by the Apostles and hitherto Profess'd by the Roman Catholick Church These We shall take care to Suppress and to Banish out of Our Kingdom Nor will We ever admit into Our Royal Council and Senate nor bestow any Places of Honour or Trust on any who are tainted with Heresy provided We are satisfy'd of it If any shall be accus'd before Us We will take care by the Divine Assistance that the Statutes of our Realm shall with the utmost diligence be put in Execution against them that so they may be for ever Branded Stigmatiz'd and Banish'd their Country unless they shall desire to be Reconcil'd to their Holy Mother the Church The Ecclesiasticks together with their Laws Immunities and Privileges both Publick and Private We will Defend Maintain and Protect to the utmost of our Power To all our Officers and Governors We give it strictly in Charge and Command them under the Penalty of our Severe Displeasure that they be not Negligent or Remiss in Prosecuting and Apprehending such Offenders Whereas on the contrary if any of them shall be Charg'd before Us with being false to his Trust and to Our Commands he shall be brought to Condign Punishment For the Due Performance of all the Premisses We have Ingag'd Our Word to the Reverend Father in Christ Nicolas Ziergowski Lord Arch-bishop of Gnezna and to other of his Bishops and Our Counsellors and by the Oath of Our Royal Trust taken to Our Subjects at Our Coronation We design the Whole shall be faithfully put in Execution In Testimony whereof we have Issu'd forth these Our Letters Patent Dated at Cracow In the Year of Our Lord 1550. And in the Second Year of Our Reign This Edict or rather Manifesto of King Augustus was interpreted by the Nobility to be directly opposite to their Interests Whereupon several of the Chief among them began to stir up Commotions and rise in Arms. And the Hatred of the Romish Ecclesiasticks against the Socinians increas'd every day more and more Hence sprung many Murders constant Fewds between the Nobles and abundance of Bloodshed throughout the whole Kingdom The State being engag'd in a foreign War could not then prevent these great disorders but partly fearing a Civil War and partly trusting to the Vigilance and Pastoral Care of the Ecclesiasticks for the present forbear'd putting in Execution the severe Laws of Jagello against Hereticks But at last they work'd their own Ruin For being by degrees divided into the Factions of Servetus and Samosatanus they too far trespass'd on that Indulgence the State allow'd them Several Statues of our Saviour upon the Cross were broken by the Students of Racovia and several Blasphemies were utter'd in their Books against Christ and for these things being severely check'd by the Decrees and Edicts of John Casimire and King John III. all those who would not Embrace the Roman Faith were to depart the Kingdom within two or three Years Since those Decrees of the King and Republick against the Socinians are still in force it will not be amiss to insert them here and they are as follow John Casimire by the Grace of God King of Poland and Great Duke of Lithuania c. THo' the Being and Propogation of the Arian or as some call it the Socinian Heresy in Our Dominions has been always prohibited by Us yet because the aforesaid Sect which Robs the Son of God of his Praeeternity has by a strange misfortune fatal to the State begun to spread it self for a long time in Our Dominions as well of Poland as of the Great Dutchy of Lithuania We therefore reassuming and leaving in its full force the Statute of Jagello our Predecessor enacted against them do by the Consent of all Orders Enact concerning Hereticks that if any such shall dare to Confess Propagate or Preach the said Arian Heresy or to protect and countenance it or its Promoters within our Dominions of Poland the Great Dutchy of Lithuania and the Provinces thereunto annex'd and shall be thereof lawfully convicted every such Person shall forthwith according to the intent of the aforesaid Statute be Beheaded by our Captains and their Officers upon forfeiture of their Commission for the neglect But whereas We are Willing to extend Our Clemency as far as can be if any one refuses to renounce his Heresy We do hereby grant him the space of three years for the selling off his Goods his Estate and getting in his Debts In which time No Assemblies of the aforesaid Sect shall be held nor shall they undertake any publick