receive_v it_o thence_o by_o his_o delivery_n a_o opinion_n inconsistent_a with_o the_o custumal_a itself_o of_o his_o own_o edition_n the_o very_a close_a whereof_o if_o it_o may_v be_v credit_v lay_v challenge_v to_o the_o custom_n before_o the_o conquest_n for_o my_o part_n i_o conceive_v it_o may_v carry_v a_o antiquity_n far_o great_a than_o the_o time_n of_o the_o norman_a conquest_n be_v probable_o as_o old_a in_o the_o name_n i_o mean_v i_o will_v not_o say_v in_o all_o the_o property_n of_o it_o though_o happy_o i_o may_v in_o point_n of_o partition_n as_o gafolland_n itself_o from_o which_o if_o consider_v in_o the_o term_n it_o as_o little_a differ_v in_o sense_n as_o in_o syllable_n to_o what_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n call_v gafolland_n their_o successor_n and_o we_o at_o this_o day_n for_o a_o full_a expression_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o have_v add_v one_o syllable_n and_o so_o call_v it_o gavelkynd-land_n yet_o i_o will_v not_o be_v think_v of_o his_o 28._o opinion_n who_o will_v bear_v the_o world_n in_o hand_n that_o the_o commons_o of_o kent_n continue_v their_o privilege_n by_o mean_n of_o a_o composition_n enter_v with_o the_o conqueror_n at_o swanscomb_n no_o under_o favour_n we_o owe_v they_o not_o to_o that_o or_o any_o other_o such_o like_a specious_a stratagem_n nor_o be_v behold_v either_o to_o stigand_n the_o archbishop_n or_o egelsine_n the_o abbat_n policy_n to_o contrive_v or_o to_o their_o and_o our_o countrymen_n valour_n to_o compass_v their_o continuance_n for_o we_o in_o such_o a_o way_n i_o be_o not_o so_o prodigal_a of_o my_o historical_a faith_n as_o to_o cast_v or_o squander_v it_o away_o upon_o commentitious_a fable_n for_o i_o account_v this_o no_o better_o however_o swallow_v of_o the_o vulgar_a who_o i_o dare_v not_o to_o encounter_v in_o any_o dispute_n about_o it_o as_o despair_v of_o success_n though_o use_v never_o so_o effectual_a convince_a argument_n to_o disengage_a they_o in_o the_o belief_n of_o it_o and_o therefore_o appeal_n from_o they_o i_o shall_v apply_v myself_o to_o the_o more_o literate_a and_o judicious_a by_o intendment_n not_o so_o tenacious_a of_o a_o specious_a tradition_n but_o that_o they_o can_v with_o patience_n both_o hear_v it_o question_v and_o if_o occasion_n be_v refute_v not_o unwilling_a to_o desert_v it_o if_o upon_o trial_n it_o may_v prove_v unsound_a and_o spurious_a and_o account_v it_o as_o thankworthy_a to_o discover_v a_o old_a error_n as_o to_o deliver_v a_o new_a truth_n especial_o truth_n since_o truth_n be_v not_o more_o often_o nor_o more_o easy_o lose_v by_o too_o much_o altercation_n than_o error_n be_v contract_v and_o continue_v by_o too_o little_a i_o will_v not_o undertake_v nor_o do_v i_o mean_v to_o make_v it_o my_o task_n here_o to_o show_v how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o gavelkynd_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n proper_a and_o villeinage_n improper_a only_o to_o kent_n no_o other_o county_n partake_v with_o it_o either_o in_o that_o degree_n of_o commonness_n and_o universality_n wherewith_o kent_n be_v overspread_v of_o the_o former_a or_o in_o the_o immunity_n it_o enjoy_v from_o the_o latter_a the_o find_v out_o the_o true_a cause_n whereof_o have_v not_o escape_v my_o diligence_n although_o my_o skill_n i_o confess_v it_o have_v but_o be_v that_o as_o it_o will_v and_o albeit_o i_o can_v in_o the_o affirmative_a show_n what_o be_v yet_o in_o the_o negative_a that_o this_o be_v not_o the_o mean_n whereto_o we_o owe_v the_o continuance_n of_o our_o gavelkynd-custome_n at_o and_o since_o the_o conquest_n shall_v be_v my_o next_o assay_n to_o prove_v and_o that_o by_o show_v what_o more_o than_o suspicion_n of_o error_n this_o monkish_a relation_n for_o such_o it_o be_v deserve_v to_o fall_v under_o with_o man_n of_o unbiased_a and_o disengaged_n judgement_n but_o first_o will_v it_o please_v you_o to_o hear_v the_o story_n itself_o as_o it_o be_v already_o english_v by_o the_o illustrious_a author_n of_o the_o illustration_n upon_o the_o polyolbion_a pag._n 302._o who_o there_o suspect_v the_o same_o as_o not_o of_o clear_a credit_n when_o the_o norman_a conqueror_n have_v the_o day_n he_o take_v his_o journey_n towards_o dover_n castle_n that_o he_o may_v with_o the_o same_o subdue_v kent_n also_o wherefore_o stigand_n archbishop_n and_o egelsin_n abbot_n as_o the_o chief_a of_o that_o shire_n observe_v that_o now_o whereas_o heretofore_o no_o villein_n have_v be_v in_o england_n they_o shall_v be_v now_o all_o in_o bondage_n to_o the_o norman_n they_o assemble_v all_o the_o county_n and_o show_v the_o imminent_a danger_n the_o insolence_n of_o the_o norman_n and_o the_o hard_a condition_n of_o villeinage_n they_o resolve_v all_o rather_o to_o die_v than_o lose_v their_o freedom_n purpose_v to_o encounter_v with_o the_o duke_n for_o their_o country_n liberty_n their_o captain_n be_v the_o archbishop_n and_o the_o abbot_n upon_o a_o appoint_a day_n they_o meet_v all_o at_o swanescomb_n and_o harbour_v themselves_o in_o the_o wood_n with_o november_n bough_n in_o every_o man_n hand_n they_o encompass_v his_o way_n the_o next_o day_n the_o duke_n come_v by_o swanescomb_n seem_v to_o see_v with_o amazement_n as_o it_o be_v a_o wood_n approach_v towards_o he_o the_o kentish_a man_n at_o the_o sound_n of_o a_o trumpet_n take_v themselves_o to_o arm_n when_o present_o the_o archbishop_n and_o abbat_n be_v send_v to_o the_o duke_n and_o salute_v he_o with_o these_o word_n behold_v sir_n duke_n the_o kentish_a man_n come_v to_o meet_v you_o willing_a to_o receive_v you_o as_o their_o liege_n lord_n upon_o that_o condition_n that_o they_o may_v for_o ever_o enjoy_v their_o ancient_a liberty_n and_o law_n use_v among_o their_o ancestor_n otherwise_o present_o offer_v war_n be_v ready_a rather_o to_o die_v than_o undergo_v a_o yoke_n of_o bondage_n and_o lose_v their_o ancient_a law_n the_o norman_a in_o this_o narrow_a pinch_n not_o so_o willing_o as_o wise_o grant_v the_o desire_n and_o hostage_n give_v on_o both_o side_n the_o kentish_a man_n direct_v the_o norman_n to_o rochester_n and_o deliver_v they_o the_o county_n and_o the_o castle_n of_o dover_n thus_o spot_n st._n augustine_n chronicler_n at_o canterbury_n live_v under_o edw._n 1._o he_o i_o say_v and_o only_o he_o and_o such_o other_o as_o of_o latter_a time_n write_v after_o his_o copy_n for_o before_o he_o and_o in_o that_o interim_n of_o more_o than_o 200_o year_n between_o the_o conquest_n and_o the_o time_n he_o write_v no_o publish_a story_n no_o chronicle_n no_o record_n of_o any_o kind_n kentish_a or_o other_o may_v be_v find_v to_o warrant_v the_o kent_n relation_n a_o matter_n the_o while_o so_o remarkable_a as_o if_o true_a not_o likely_a to_o escape_v all_o our_o historian_n pen_n that_o be_v before_o he_o those_o especial_o about_o the_o conquest_n among_o which_o abbey_n ingulphus_n silence_n be_v the_o more_o remarkable_a since_o he_o be_v so_o particular_a and_o punctual_a in_o relate_v and_o recount_v the_o conqueror_n oppugner_n and_o their_o proceed_n when_o afterward_o rochester_n castle_n keep_v by_o odo_n the_o conqueror_n brother_n against_o william_n rufus_n in_o the_o year_n 1088_o be_v by_o he_o besiege_v a_o thing_n of_o as_o small_a moment_n at_o least_o as_o this_o why_o all_o the_o story_n with_o one_o consent_n be_v full_a of_o it_o particular_o malmesbury_n and_o paris_n among_o other_o occurrence_n tell_v of_o a_o much_o decline_a nickname_n wherewith_o those_o be_v threaten_v that_o shall_v refuse_v to_o come_v to_o the_o king_n assistance_n in_o that_o action_n which_o the_o former_a have_v nider_v the_o latter_a nithing_n quod_fw-la latinè_n nequam_fw-la sonat_fw-la say_v both_o and_o right_o if_o it_o come_v as_o i_o conceive_v it_o may_v from_o the_o saxon_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n nequitia_fw-la malitia_fw-la as_o it_o be_v in_o several_a place_n find_v in_o their_o marg_n psalter_n a_o nickname_n this_o of_o such_o infamy_n as_o fasten_v upon_o the_o most_o detestable_a and_o barbarous_a villein_n such_o as_o be_v guilty_a of_o despoil_v and_o rifle_v the_o dead_a which_o the_o 83._o of_o hen._n 1._o law_n call_v weilreif_a a_o term_n identical_a i_o take_v it_o with_o walaraupa_n in_o the_o legis_fw-la boîor_fw-la do_fw-mi 18._o cap._n 3._o parag_v 1._o which_o textus_fw-la roffensis_fw-la thus_o illustrate_v in_o a_o place_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i_o e._n according_a to_o the_o latin_a version_n in_o jornalensis_n where_o this_o law_n occurr_n as_o the_o 2â—th_n of_o those_o of_o king_n ethelred_n at_o vanete_v wealreaf_a 1._o mortuum_fw-la refare_n est_fw-la opus_fw-la nithingi_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la hoc_fw-la negare_fw-la velit_fw-la faciat_fw-la cum_fw-la xlviij_o thaynis_n plenè_fw-la nobilibus_fw-la this_o of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v that_o sure_o which_o the_o old_a glossary_a new_o set_v forth_o at_o the_o end_n of_o hen._n 1._o
〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o a_o foenerator_n a_o usurer_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d profit_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d profitable_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d unprofitable_a unthrifty_a or_o else_o which_o i_o rather_o think_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d villanus_fw-la colonus_n as_o the_o old_a version_n of_o the_o 19_o &_o 21th_o of_o k._n ina_n law_n render_v the_o word_n which_o come_v all_o to_o one_o with_o ceorliscus_n speak_v of_o in_o that_o second_o chapter_n of_o the_o foedus_fw-la aluredi_fw-la &_o guthruni_fw-la regum_fw-la and_o there_o describe_v by_o his_o quality_n to_o be_v oâ—e_o that_o occupy_v etc._n gafolland_n as_o for_o the_o remain_v two_o inland_a utland_n the_o former_a be_v terra_fw-la dominicalis_fw-la land_n hold_v in_o demesne_n in_o the_o owner_n own_o hand_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n design_v in_o mensam_fw-la domini_fw-la whence_o otherwise_o stilâ—d_n in_o succeed_a time_n bord-land_n like_o the_o civilian_n and_o canonist_n bona_fw-la ad_fw-la mensâ—m_fw-la and_o in_o this_o respect_n may_v not_o unfit_o be_v refer_v to_o bocland_n regular_o of_o like_a property_n the_o latter_a contrariwise_o like_o gafolland_n and_o neatland_n be_v land_n let_v out_o and_o in_o opposition_n to_o demesne_n land_n term_v in_o servitio_fw-la or_o tenementâ—lis_n that_o be_v grant_v out_o in_o service_n by_o the_o lord_n to_o his_o tenant_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o himself_o and_o so_o we_o may_v parallel_v it_o as_o with_o gafolland_n and_o neatland_n so_o with_o folcland_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n like_o the_o frenchman_n fief_a sâ—rvant_n i._o terra_fw-la serviens_fw-la in_o respect_n whereof_o the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v to_o be_v retainer_n attendant_n and_o follower_n to_o their_o lord_n suitor_n to_o their_o court_n and_o be_v thence_o call_v in_o the_o term_n of_o hen._n 1._o law_n take_v up_o afterward_o of_o 10._o bracton_n folgarii_n concern_v which_o see_v further_a in_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n glossary_a verb._n folgare_a &_o folgarii_n as_o also_o in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n knute_n par_fw-fr 2._o cap._n 19_o beside_o these_o sort_n of_o land_n after_o age_n since_o the_o conquest_n produce_v many_o other_o such_o as_o work-land_n cot-land_n aver-land_n drof-land_n swilling-land_n molland_n ber-land_n smiths-land_n beware_v land_n terra_fw-la susanna_n forland_n bord-land_n and_o such_o like_a of_o each_o of_o which_o for_o some_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o inquisitive_a in_o a_o word_n or_o two_o the_o first_o work-land_n be_v land_n of_o a_o servile_a nature_n and_o work-land_n condition_n terra_fw-la servilis_fw-la as_o i_o find_v it_o call_v as_o also_o what_o indeed_o the_o word_n sound_v terra_fw-la operaria_fw-la because_o haply_o at_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o manor_n and_o distribution_n of_o it_o into_o parcel_n charge_v with_o servile_a work_n such_o as_o plough_v and_o harrow_n the_o lord_n aâ—able_a ground_n mow_v tass_v and_o carry_v in_o his_o hay_n sow_v weed_n reap_v and_o in_v his_o corn_n make_v and_o mend_v his_o fence_n thatch_v his_o barn_n and_o such_o like_a charge_v i_o say_v with_o servile_a work_n and_o not_o with_o cens_n or_o rent_n or_o if_o also_o with_o rent_n yet_o of_o the_o twain_o more_o especial_o with_o work_n and_o therefore_o contradistinct_a and_o opposite_a to_o gavelland_n which_o be_v land_n liable_a to_o cens_n or_o rent_n or_o if_o also_o to_o work_n yet_o chief_o to_o rend_v both_o one_o and_o tother_o be_v denominate_v from_o what_o be_v the_o more_o eminent_a service_n arise_v from_o they_o hereof_o some_o footstep_n visible_a in_o the_o 66._o of_o king_n ina_n law_n the_o second_o cot-land_n that_o belong_v unto_o and_o occupy_v cot-land_n by_o the_o cotarii_fw-la cotsetâ—_n or_o cotmanni_n a_o sort_n of_o base_a tenant_n so_o call_v from_o certain_a cotes_n or_o cottage_n small_a shed_n like_o sheep-cote_n with_o some_o little_a modicum_n or_o parcel_n of_o land_n adjoin_v original_o assign_v out_o unto_o they_o in_o respect_n and_o recompense_v of_o their_o undergo_n such_o like_a servile_a work_n or_o base_a service_n for_o their_o lord_n as_o before_z express_v the_o three_o aver-land_n much_o the_o same_o with_o that_o land_n before_o call_v work-land_n come_v of_o the_o french_a ouurer_n to_o work_v or_o labour_n but_o chief_o differ_v from_o that_o in_o this_o particular_a that_o the_o service_n thereof_o consist_v especial_o in_o carriage_n as_o of_o the_o lord_n corn_n into_o the_o barn_n to_o market_n fair_n and_o elsewhere_o or_o of_o his_o domestic_a utensil_n or_o houshold-provision_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o which_o service_n be_v of_o diverse_a kind_n sometime_o by_o horse_n thence_o call_v horse-average_a otherwhile_o by_o foot_n horse-average_a thence_o term_v foot-average_a one_o while_o within_o the_o precinct_n foot-average_a of_o the_o manor_n thence_o name_v in-average_a another_o in-average_a while_n without_o and_o then_o call_v out-average_a the_o out-aveâ—agâ—_a tenant_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o avermannus_n the_o four_o drof-land_n that_o hold_v by_o the_o service_n drof-land_n of_o drive_v as_o well_o of_o distress_n take_v for_o the_o lord_n use_v as_o of_o the_o lord_n cattle_n from_o place_n to_o place_n as_o to_z and_o from_o market_n fair_n and_o the_o like_a more_o particular_o here_o in_o kent_n of_o drive_v the_o lord_n hog_n or_o swine_n to_o and_o from_o the_o weald_n of_o kent_n and_o the_o denn_n there_o thence_o call_v of_o old_a drofden_n namely_o from_o the_o drove_n of_o hog_n drofdens_fw-la send_v thither_o and_o there_o feed_v and_o fat_v with_o mast_n or_o pawnage_n the_o driver_n whereof_o be_v vulgar_o call_v drofmannâ—u_n the_o five_o swilling-land_n that_o let_v out_o or_o occupy_v swilling-land_n by_o swilling_n swollings_n or_o sulling_n that_o be_v plough-land_n come_v of_o the_o saxon_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o plough_n in_o which_o notion_n the_o word_n may_v extend_v to_o all_o arable_a land_n the_o quantity_n whereof_o be_v various_a and_o uncertain_a contain_v more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n a_o plough_n be_v able_a to_o master_v a_o great_a or_o lesser_a quantity_n thereafter_o as_o it_o be_v in_o quality_n this_o of_o swilling_n i_o find_v to_o be_v a_o word_n proper_a to_o the_o kentish_a even_o from_o the_o conqueror_n time_n to_o look_v no_o high_a who_o survey_n common_o call_v domesday-book_n show_v sul_v and_o the_o like_a to_o have_v be_v a_o term_n in_o those_o day_n peculiar_a to_o this_o county_n whereby_o to_o express_v the_o quantity_n of_o their_o land_n while_o hide_v and_o the_o like_a be_v of_o like_a use_n elsewhere_o to_o this_o head_n may_v be_v refer_v hide-land_n rodland_n yokeland_n akerland_n rodland_n and_o the_o like_a be_v quantity_n or_o portion_n of_o land_n let_v out_o and_o occupy_v by_o the_o hide_n yoke_n acre_n rod_n etc._n etc._n and_o denominate_v according_o the_o six_o mol-land_n be_v the_o same_o with_o upland_n mol-land_n of_o the_o saxon_n call_v dunland_n stand_v in_o opposition_n to_o meadow-land_n mershland_n or_o low-land_n the_o tenant_n whereof_o be_v wont_n to_o be_v call_v molmannus_n the_o word_n as_o i_o conceive_v be_v derivable_a from_o the_o latin_a mole_n a_o heap_n of_o which_o see_v further_a in_o the_o surveyor_n dialogue_n hence_o probable_o the_o name_n of_o that_o place_n in_o ash_n the_o seat_n and_o patrimony_n aâ—_n this_o day_n and_o from_o good_a antiquity_n of_o the_o harflet_n former_o of_o the_o septvans_n family_n both_o in_o their_o time_n adorn_v with_o knighthood_n call_v molland_n be_v of_o a_o advantageous_a situation_n for_o the_o overlooking_a of_o a_o large_a level_n of_o a_o rich_a mershland_n the_o seven_o ber-land_n that_o which_o be_v hold_v by_o the_o ber-land_n service_n of_o bear_v or_o carry_v the_o lord_n or_o his_o steward_n provision_n of_o victual_n or_o the_o like_a in_o their_o remove_n from_o place_n to_o place_n such_o tenant_n be_v thence_o call_v â—ermâ—nnus_fw-la the_o eight_o smiths-land_n that_o in_o respect_n whereof_o smiths-land_n the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v as_o to_o undergo_v the_o smith_n or_o farrier_n office_n and_o work_n in_o and_o about_o shoe_v his_o lord_n horse_n and_o carriage_n so_o also_o to_o find_v and_o furnish_v he_o with_o material_n of_o iron_n for_o that_o purpose_n the_o nine_o wareland_n the_o same_o that_o otherwise_o wareland_n call_v in_o the_o latin_a of_o the_o time_n terra_fw-la warectata_fw-la or_o terrajacens_n ad_fw-la warectam_fw-la that_o be_v land_n lie_v or_o suffer_v to_o lie_v â—allow_a come_v from_o the_o french_a garé_n their_o g_o hear_v as_o in_o many_o other_o word_n be_v turn_v into_o our_o w_n whence_o with_o they_o terre_n garée_v for_o old_a fallow-ground_n the_o ten_o terra_fw-la susanna_n land_n not_o much_o unlike_a terra-susanna_a unto_o if_o not_o the_o same_o with_o the_o former_a be_v superannuated_a land_n or_o land_n with_o over_o much_o tillage_n
circumcisionis_fw-la domini_fw-la xx_o d._n but_o so_o call_v i_o trow_v when_o compound_v for_o in_o money_n otherwise_o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n malt-peny_n as_o the_o old_a customal_n of_o the_o malt-peny_n same_o manor_n frequent_o name_v it_o so_o call_v peradventure_o in_o relation_n to_o some_o great_a les-gavel_a rent_n or_o service_n arise_v and_o pay_v out_o of_o the_o same_o land_n that_o this_o at_o some_o other_o part_n or_o season_n of_o the_o year_n i_o guess_v hereat_o by_o a_o old_a cant._n customal_n of_o charing_n manor_n where_o indeed_o i_o find_v it_o so_o and_o so_o les-gavel_a quasi_fw-la lesle-rent_a or_o lesle-service_n i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v the_o same_o that_o in_o the_o customal_n and_o rental_n of_o some_o other_o manor_n i_o find_v write_v lesyeld_v and_o lesgeld_v unless_o leaf-gavel_a it_o be_v mistake_v for_o the_o next_o leaf-gavel_a thus_o occur_v in_o a_o old_a accompt-roll_n of_o the_o church_n of_o canterbury_n et_fw-fr de_fw-fr twelve_o l._n iij._o d._n ob_fw-la de_fw-fr annuo_fw-la redditu_fw-la assis_fw-la cum_fw-la leafgabulo_n ad_fw-la terminum_fw-la s._n martini_n which_o i_o conceive_v to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o what_o in_o a_o like_a record_n of_o hathewolden_a now_o halden_n manor_n in_o kent_n be_v call_v lef-silver_n les-sily_a et_fw-fr de_fw-fr xviij_o d._n the_o lef-silver_n in_o hathewoldum_n the_o old_a custumal_a of_o tenham_n manor_n in_o kent_n call_z it_o lyefyield_v lyef-yeild_a thus_o explain_v it_o tenentes_fw-la de_fw-fr waldis_n non_fw-la possunt_fw-la arare_fw-la terras_fw-la svas_fw-la ab_fw-la equinoctio_fw-la autumpnali_fw-la usque_fw-la festum_fw-la beati_fw-la martini_n sine_fw-la licentia_fw-la et_fw-la ideo_fw-la reddunt_fw-la annuatim_fw-la dimidiam_fw-la marcam_fw-la ad_fw-la festum_fw-la s._n martini_n sive_fw-la fuerit_fw-la pessona_fw-la sive_fw-la non_fw-la et_fw-la voco_fw-la lyes-yeld_a whereby_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o tribute_n pay_v by_o certain_a wealdish_a tenant_n for_o liberty_n to_o plough_v their_o ground_n during_o a_o certain_a season_n of_o the_o year_n viz._n tempore_fw-la pessonae_fw-la which_o because_o of_o some_o prejudice_n that_o may_v thereby_o redound_v to_o the_o lord_n in_o his_o pawnage_n be_v not_o permit_v without_o his_o leave_n gabulum_fw-la mellis_fw-la as_o the_o old_a sup_n rental_n of_o chistlet_n hunig-gavel_a manor_n in_o kent_n seem_v to_o term_v what_o some_o ancient_a accompt-roll_n sup_n of_o otteford_n and_o other_o manor_n call_v hunigave_v both_o one_o and_o tother_o signify_v rent-honey_n item_n de_fw-fr weregavel_n uj._o d._n aliquando_fw-la tamen_fw-la plus_fw-la aliquando_fw-la weregavel_a minus_fw-la thus_o in_o the_o cant._n custumal_a of_o the_o canterbury_n cathedral_n manor_n of_o leisdowne_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o shepey_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o rent_n pay_v in_o respect_n of_o wear_v or_o kiddel_n to_o catch_v fish_n withal_o pitch_v and_o place_v by_o the_o seacoast_n and_o until_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la forbid_v it_o in_o some_o river_n too_o whereof_o see_v further_o in_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n glossary_a verbo_fw-la kidellus_fw-la and_o in_o sir_n edw._n coke_n institutes_n part_v 2._o pag._n 38._o and_o elsewhere_o in_o a_o cant._n accompt-roll_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o reculver_n twyâ—gavel_n in_o kent_n anno_fw-la 16._o edw._n 3._o this_o service_n in_o the_o charge_n there_o thus_o occurr_n idem_fw-la respondet_fw-la de_fw-la 814_o &_o dimid_a bed_n clausur_fw-fr hayag_n fac_fw-la circa_fw-la manerium_fw-la ex_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la unde_fw-la de_fw-fr twygavel_n 200._o i_o meet_v with_o it_o elsewhere_o also_o but_o with_o explanation_n no_o where_o take_v liberty_n of_o conjecture_n i_o conceive_v it_o to_o be_v some_o double_a kind_n of_o service_n by_o the_o twy_n prepose_v as_o elsewhere_o twysket_n a_o twyâ—sket_n imposition_n upon_o the_o tenant_n of_o aldington_n manor_n by_o romney_n mersh_fw-mi for_o maintain_v the_o seacoast_n there_o and_o other_o like_a defence_n against_o inundation_n be_v term_v duplum_fw-la as_o thus_o computus_fw-la de_fw-la duplo_fw-la wallae_n quod_fw-la voco_fw-la twysket_n so_o the_o accompt-roll_n of_o that_o manor_n in_o the_o six_o year_n of_o st._n edmund_n archbishopric_n be_v term_v of_o our_o learned_a glossarist_n verb._n berewica_n bere-gafol_a by_o tributum_fw-la hordeaceum_fw-la elsewhere_o viz._n verb._n gabella_n by_o redditus_fw-la hordeaceus_fw-la you_o shall_v find_v in_o the_o 60th_o of_o king_n ina_n law_n in_o mr._n lambards_n archaion_n if_o it_o be_v not_o rent-barley_n i_o shall_v take_v it_o for_o the_o drincelean_a drincelean_n occur_v as_o in_o the_o last_o chapter_n of_o the_o leges_fw-la presbyterorum_fw-la northumbrensium_n in_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n council_n pag._n 502._o so_o also_o in_o the_o 87th_o of_o king_n cnute_n law_n in_o the_o archaion_n and_o in_o this_o latter_a place_n render_v in_o the_o old_a version_n in_o brampton_n just_a as_o oryncelan_n mistake_v for_o drincelan_n in_o the_o old_a glossary_a at_o the_o end_n of_o hen._n 1._o law_n by_o retributio_fw-la potus_fw-la if_o so_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o what_o be_v afterward_o call_v scot-ale_n whereof_o scot-ale_n you_o may_v read_v in_o matth._n paris_n the_o charter_n of_o the_o forest_n bracton_n the_o mirroir_n and_o elsewhere_o king_n hen._n 2._o in_o his_o charter_n to_o the_o citizen_n of_o canterbury_n acquit_v they_o of_o it_o ita_fw-la quod_fw-la say_v he_o vicecome_fw-la meus_fw-la cantuar._n vel_fw-la aliquis_fw-la alius_fw-la ballivus_fw-la scotalam_fw-la non_fw-la faciet_fw-la it_o be_v sometime_o call_v potura_n and_o be_v a_o contribution_n potura_fw-la by_o the_o man_n and_o tenant_n towards_o a_o potation_n i._n e._n a_o drink_v or_o as_o some_o yet_o speak_v a_o ale_n provide_v to_o entertain_v the_o lord_n or_o his_o bailiff_n withal_o come_v to_o keep_v court_n or_o the_o like_a raise_v by_o a_o proportion_n or_o rate_n more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o better_a or_o mean_a condition_n in_o a_o old_a memorat_fw-la custumal_a of_o southmal_v manor_n in_o sussex_n in_o that_o part_n of_o it_o entitle_v bortha_fw-mi de_fw-mi fell_v i_o read_v as_o follow_v item_n si_fw-la dominus_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la fecerit_fw-la scotall_a infra_fw-la boscum_fw-la quilibet_fw-la terram_fw-la tenens_fw-la dabit_fw-la ibi_fw-la pro_fw-la se_fw-la &_o uxore_fw-la sua_fw-la iij._o ob_fw-la &_o vidua_fw-la vel_fw-la kotarius_fw-la i_o d._n in_o the_o sup_n extent_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o ter_v to_o give_v you_o another_o instance_n anno_fw-la 5._o edw._n 1._o this_o scotale_a service_n be_v thus_o remember_v lewes_n memorandum_n quod_fw-la praedicti_fw-la tenentes_fw-la debent_fw-la de_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la inter_fw-la eas_fw-la facere_fw-la scotalium_fw-la de_fw-la xuj_o d._n &_o ob_fw-la ita_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la singulis_fw-la sex_n denar_fw-mi detur_fw-la i_o d._n ob_fw-la ad_fw-la potandum_fw-la bedello_n domini_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la super_fw-la praedictum_fw-la feodum_fw-la bracton_n say_v it_o be_v sometime_o call_v filctale_a sol_fw-la 117._o b._n which_o our_o learned_a fildale_n glossarist_n in_o voce_fw-mi correct_v read_v fildale_n and_o be_v in_o some_o sort_n follow_v by_o sir_n edw._n coke_n institut_n part_n 4._o pag._n 307._o with_o the_o varia_n lectio_fw-la before_o bracton_n i_o shall_v rather_o read_v it_o gildale_n and_o then_o indeed_o as_o it_o gild-ale_n come_v near_o the_o other_o scot-ale_n so_o with_o that_o better_a answer_n to_o our_o present_a bere-gafol_a gilled_a gafol_n and_o scot_n be_v as_o it_o be_v synonyma_fw-la and_o univocal_a observe_v to_o be_v always_o pay_v by_o the_o tenant_n per_fw-mi for-gavel_a avail_v to_o the_o mesne_fw-la lord_n not_o to_o the_o chief_a and_o thence_o call_v in_o some_o old_a record_n and_o deed_n foris-gabulum_a quasi_fw-la extra_fw-la vel_fw-la praeter_fw-la gabulum_fw-la quod_fw-la domino_fw-la capitali_fw-la debetur_fw-la just_o like_o the_o french_a man_n surcens_n will_v you_o have_v a_o example_n john_n then_o the_o son_n of_o richard_n at_o horsfald_n by_o his_o cant._n deed_n date_a anno_o 1242._o give_n to_o warin_n of_o stablegate_n a_o parcel_n of_o land_n to_o be_v hold_v to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n or_o to_o whosoever_o he_o shall_v give_v sell_v or_o assign_v it_o a_o clause_n without_o which_o by_o the_o account_n of_o those_o elder_a time_n land_n be_v not_o alienate_v from_o the_o proper_a 16._o heir_n pay_v to_o the_o prior_n and_o covent_n of_o christchurch_n canterbury_n lord_n it_o seem_v of_o the_o fee_n certain_a annal_a rent_n and_o hen_n and_o to_o the_o feossor_n and_o his_o heir_n i_o d._n yearly_a de_fw-fr forgabulo_fw-la etc._n etc._n some_o other_o instance_n of_o this_o kind_n may_v be_v add_v but_o i_o must_v contract_v pass_v over_o metegavel_n whereof_o mention_n be_v gavel_n make_v in_o the_o old_a glossary_a at_o the_o end_n of_o hen._n 1._o law_n and_o there_o in_o latin_a render_v cibi_fw-la gablum_fw-la now_o a_o word_n or_o two_o of_o gavelet_n this_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o be_v no_o rent_n or_o service_n but_o gavelate_v betoken_v a_o rent_n or_o service_n withhold_v deny_v or_o detain_v cause_v the_o tenement_n forfeiture_n to_o the_o lord_n whence_o those_o word_n of_o fleta_n recite_v the_o statute_n
history_n â—ol_n 38._o verstegan_n in_o his_o antiquity_n pag._n â—7_n archbishop_n parker_n in_o his_o antiquitates_fw-la britannicae_n pag._n 108._o and_o mr._n lambard_n in_o his_o glossary_n verb._n terra_fw-la ex_fw-la scripto_fw-la though_o afterward_o in_o his_o perambulation_n pag._n 545._o he_o be_v find_v to_o cross_v himself_o herein_o by_o say_v that_o this_o custom_n be_v bring_v hither_o out_o of_o normandy_n by_o odo_n the_o conqueror_n brother_n now_o it_o be_v true_a and_o not_o to_o be_v deny_v that_o by_o these_o law_n of_o canutus_n inheritance_n be_v partible_a but_o how_o it_o may_v be_v equal_o like_o our_o gavelkynd_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o express_v nor_o do_v the_o word_n enforce_v it_o it_o be_v order_v there_o indeed_o that_o a_o partition_n of_o the_o estate_n be_v make_v in_o the_o one_o between_z or_o among_o the_o wife_n child_n and_o next_o of_o kin_n by_o the_o lord_n in_o the_o other_o by_o the_o heir_n among_o themselves_o in_o both_o not_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d emne_a or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n equal_o but_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o former_a more_o explicit_o thus_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n i._n e._n according_a to_o the_o old_a version_n in_o brampton_n unicuique_fw-la secundùm_fw-la modum_fw-la qui_fw-la ad_fw-la eum_fw-la pertinet_fw-la here_o be_v now_o no_o equal_a division_n speak_v of_o no_o equal_v the_o young_a with_o the_o elder_a brethren_n or_o the_o like_a but_o the_o estate_n be_v to_o be_v shift_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n according_a to_o right_n just_o or_o if_o you_o will_v after_o the_o old_a version_n of_o the_o latter_a law_n in_o brampton_n be_v the_o same_o verbatim_o with_o that_o in_o mr._n lambard_n a._n elsewhere_o rectè_fw-la every_o one_o to_o have_v his_o due_a haply_o after_o a_o geometrical_a not_o arithmetical_a proportion_n again_o not_o by_o equal_a proportion_n in_o point_n of_o good_n at_o least_o for_o each_o be_v to_o partake_v thereof_o as_o in_o the_o gavelkynd_n partition_n 49._o in_o ireland_n each_o one_o a_o part_n according_a to_o their_o quality_n degree_n or_o desert_n prorata_fw-la happy_o their_o reasonable_a part_n whence_o indeed_o some_o do_v fetch_v and_o ground_n a_o writ_n we_o have_v among_o we_o call_v rationabili_fw-la parte_fw-la bonorum_fw-la concern_v which_o there_o be_v a_o question_n in_o our_o book_n whether_o it_o lie_v by_o the_o common_a law_n or_o by_o the_o custom_n only_o of_o some_o 18._o country_n and_o who_o footstep_n may_v be_v trace_v in_o venerable_a bede_n english_a saxon_n ecclesiastical_a history_n lib._n 5._o cap._n 13._o but_o of_o this_o matter_n more_o anon_o at_o the_o close_a or_o foot_n of_o this_o proposition_n or_o again_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n juxta_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la boni_fw-la viri_fw-la as_o the_o civilian_n in_o like_a case_n use_v to_o speak_v or_o pro_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la domini_fw-la as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o former_a of_o those_o law_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n judicio_fw-la svo_fw-la who_o place_n by_o provision_n of_o succeed_a time_n both_o here_o and_o in_o scotland_n be_v supply_v by_o the_o 30._o ordinary_a first_o joint_o with_o the_o decease_v friend_n afterward_o without_o they_o and_o alone_o as_o haply_o more_o to_o be_v confide_v in_o because_o by_o common_a intendment_n as_o more_o know_v so_o more_o careful_a to_o deal_v upright_o though_o it_o be_v utter_o unknown_a or_o uncertain_a when_o this_o trust_n begin_v by_o write_a law_n to_o be_v commit_v to_o the_o ordinary_a if_o i_o may_v guess_v about_o what_o time_n that_o provision_n be_v make_v for_o the_o like_a in_o 21._o normandy_n whereof_o in_o matth._n paris_n history_n anno_fw-la 1190._o pag._n 161._o edit_n ult_n or_o else_o to_o proceed_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d according_a to_o right_n i._n e._n custom_n or_o right_a as_o it_o be_v order_v and_o direct_v or_o temper_v by_o the_o usage_n of_o several_a place_n for_o utinam_fw-la quaelibet_fw-la provinvincia_fw-la abundat_fw-la svo_fw-la sensu_fw-la apposite_z and_o pertinent_a to_o this_o purpose_n be_v that_o observation_n of_o a_o late_a compendious_a 1._o historian_n of_o our_o own_o upon_o occasion_n of_o the_o confessor_n collection_n and_o compilement_n of_o as_o it_o be_v a_o codex_fw-la legum_n whither_o we_o may_v refer_v the_o original_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la a_o standard-law_n to_o be_v currant_n over_o all_o the_o kingdom_n before_o these_o collection_n say_v he_o of_o the_o confessor_n there_o be_v no_o universal_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o every_o several_a province_n hold_v their_o several_a custom_n all_o the_o inhabitant_n from_o humber_n to_o scotland_n use_v the_o danique_a law_n merchenland_n the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o country_n and_o the_o state_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n have_v their_o several_a constitution_n as_o be_v several_a dominion_n and_o though_o for_o some_o few_o 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margo_fw-la the_o bank_n of_o a_o river_n whence_o that_o know_a place_n name_v lie_v by_o london_n alongst_o the_o thames-side_n call_v st._n marry_o oueris_n compound_v of_o the_o aforesaid_a over_o and_o ree_n betoken_v a_o river_n or_o current_n of_o water_n land_n of_o this_o name_n we_o have_v at_o or_o near_o ash_n in_o kent_n alongst_o the_o stour-side_n run_v to_o sandwich_n town_n and_o haven_n i_o may_v to_o these_o add_v monday-land_n and_o the_o like_a monday-land_n which_o with_o it_o fellow_n borrow_a denomination_n from_o this_o or_o that_o week_n day_n and_o that_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o tenant_n obligation_n to_o such_o or_o such_o servile_a work_n or_o service_n upon_o such_o or_o such_o day_n of_o the_o week_n in_o respect_n of_o that_o land_n but_o i_o purpose_v to_o digress_v no_o long_o have_v for_o brevity_n sake_n witting_o omit_v the_o quotation_n of_o the_o place_n where_o these_o several_a name_n occur_v which_o otherwise_o i_o shall_v willing_o have_v add_v and_o shall_v only_o in_o the_o appendix_n scriptura_fw-la 23._o present_v the_o reader_n with_o a_o copy_n of_o a_o saxon_a charter_n make_v mention_n of_o those_o two_o fosterland_n and_o scrudland_n as_o somewhat_o more_o remarkable_a than_o the_o rest_n now_o return_v to_o our_o bocland_n you_o must_v know_v that_o notwithstanding_o that_o introduction_n of_o new_a tenor_n by_o the_o conqueror_n we_o do_v not_o straightway_o forgo_v our_o bocland_n that_o kind_n of_o tenure_n i_o mean_v but_o retain_v it_o both_o name_n and_o thing_n witness_v first_o what_o occurr_v in_o cantuar._n a_o deed_n sans_o date_n of_o certain_a message_n by_o roger_n son_n of_o john_n alderman_n of_o radingate_n in_o canterbury_n grant_v in_o frankalmoigne_n to_o st._n laurence_n hospital_n near_o the_o city_n found_v by_o hugh_n of_o that_o name_n the_o second_o abbot_z of_o st._n augustine_n there_o in_o the_o year_n 1137._o viz._n duo_o messuagia_fw-la quae_fw-la sita_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_o terra_fw-la d_o bocland_n de_fw-fr qua_fw-la nulli_fw-la respondeâ—_n etc._n etc._n where_o we_o have_v not_o only_a bocland_n mention_v but_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o also_o in_o part_n seâ—_n forth_o witness_v also_o another_o passage_n to_o the_o same_o effect_n in_o a_o like_o ancient_a cant._n charter_n to_o the_o church_n of_o canterbury_n for_o the_o grant_n of_o a_o parcel_n of_o land_n lie_v without_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n between_o queningate_n and_o burgâ—â—e_n run_v thus_o volo_fw-la autem_fw-la ut_fw-la monachi_fw-la teneant_fw-la terram_fw-la illam_fw-la omnino_fw-la liberam_fw-la sicut_fw-la ego_fw-la &_o antecessores_fw-la mei_fw-la &_o nemini_fw-la inde_fw-la respondeant_fw-la witness_v last_o domesday_n book_n itself_o where_o though_o haply_o not_o the_o name_n of_o it_o as_o neither_o of_o folcland_n saxon_a term_n both_o yet_o the_o thing_n to_o my_o apprehension_n be_v very_o obvious_a and_o often_o occur_v under_o the_o name_n and_o notion_n sometime_o 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and_o the_o noble_a sort_n of_o people_n be_v in_o this_o kingdom_n since_o and_o at_o this_o day_n in_o socagers_n hand_n or_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o sockman_n who_o proper_a tenure_n be_v that_o of_o gafolland_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o you_o have_v it_o before_o i_o have_v often_o much_o wonder_v with_o myself_o whence_o it_o shall_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o diverse_a of_o our_o canterbury_n house_n and_o ground_n at_o this_o day_n pay_v no_o quitrent_n at_o all_o which_o other_o in_o the_o same_o place_n though_o hold_v in_o free_a burgage_n be_v know_v to_o do_v but_o consider_v afterward_o with_o myself_o that_o bocland_n often_o occurr_v in_o canterbury_n landboc_n as_o they_o be_v call_v of_o the_o place_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n i_o at_o length_n conclude_v at_o least_o conceive_v such_o house_n and_o ground_n to_o be_v the_o remain_v of_o our_o ancient_a bocland_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v still_o survive_v in_o they_o as_o if_o hold_v in_o allodium_fw-la pleno_fw-la jure_fw-la without_o all_o manner_n of_o chargeable_a service_n and_o no_o other_o probable_o than_o part_n of_o those_o eighty_o acre_n of_o land_n or_o the_o like_a in_o canterbury_n survey_n in_o domesday-book_n thus_o express_v habet_fw-la etiam_fw-la it_o be_v speak_v of_o ranulfus_n de_fw-fr columber_n quater_fw-la viginti_fw-la aâ—r_fw-la as_o terrae_fw-la super_fw-la haec_fw-la quas_fw-la tenebant_fw-la burgenses_n in_o alodio_n so_o i_o read_v it_o rather_o than_o alodia_n de_fw-fr rege_fw-la or_o as_o a_o very_a ancient_a book_n sometime_o of_o st._n augustine_n abbey_n now_o with_o the_o king_n remembrancer_n in_o the_o exchequer_n read_v it_o item_n dicuat_fw-la burgenses_n quod_fw-la idem_fw-la ranulfus_n tenet_fw-la quatuâ—r_fw-la viginti_fw-la agros_fw-la de_fw-la allodiis_fw-la eorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o same_o domesday-book_n to_o prosecute_v this_o discourse_n of_o allodium_fw-la a_o little_a further_o make_v mention_v particular_o of_o some_o allodiarii_n by_o name_n in_o that_o kentish_a survey_n allodiarii_fw-la and_o there_o also_o we_o may_v read_v to_o this_o
precinct_n or_o circuit_n wherein_o such_o a_o jurisdiction_n and_o such_o privilege_n be_v to_o be_v exercise_v and_o that_o as_o well_o in_o a_o simple_a as_o a_o compound_a notion_n hence_o for_o the_o former_a socha_n of_o this_o and_o that_o place_n so_o obvious_a in_o domesday-book_n whereof_o some_o instance_n in_o ingulphus_n by_o name_n soka_n de_fw-fr donnedike_n soca_n de_fw-fr beltisford_n soca_n de_fw-fr have_v soca_n de_fw-fr acumesbury_n in_o this_o sense_n it_o frequent_o occurr_n in_o hen._n 1._o law_n where_o you_o may_v also_o often_o meet_v with_o elsewhere_o soca_fw-la placitorum_fw-la quam_fw-la quidam_fw-la habent_fw-la in_o svo_fw-la de_fw-la suis_fw-la and_o other_o such_o like_a passage_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n the_o register_n have_v it_o fol._n 1._o a._n as_o also_o bracton_n lib._n 5._o tract_n 1._o cap._n 2._o num_fw-la 3._o in_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr gâ—uâ—leto_fw-it make_v anno_fw-la 10._o edw._n 2._o where_o the_o custodes_fw-la the_o guardian_n 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