money_n and_o exchange_n have_v be_v make_v as_o in_o the_o margin_n in_o primo_fw-la of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o sir_n thomas_z bullen_z knight_n be_v the_o king_n exchanger_n by_o letter_n patent_n for_o all_o change_n and_o rechange_n for_o foreign_a part_n as_o by_o the_o record_n appear_v in_o his_o majesty_n exchequer_n and_o there_o also_o you_o shall_v find_v that_o during_o the_o râ—igne_n of_o the_o say_a king_n henry_n the_o seven_o one_o petrus_n contarin_n a_o venetian_a merchant_n be_v sue_v in_o the_o ten_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n upon_o the_o say_a statute_n and_o the_o like_a â—uâ—e_n be_v bring_v in_o the_o ninteenth_fw-mi year_n follow_v against_o dominico_n polliâ—oâ—o_o the_o pope_n collector_n and_o lorenzo_n albâ—rti_fw-la upon_o the_o like_a condemnation_n do_v pay_v 933_o l._n cron._n graftons_n cron._n this_o cause_v the_o say_a king_n henry_n the_o eight_o in_o the_o twenty_o two_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n to_o make_v a_o very_a severe_a proclamation_n that_o no_o person_n shall_v make_v any_o exchange_n contrary_a to_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o the_o say_a act_n and_o statute_n but_o as_o war_n discompound_v all_o good_a order_n and_o necessity_n have_v no_o law_n so_o in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o base_a money_n then_o coin_a this_o office_n of_o exchange_n do_v discontinue_v and_o in_o edward_n the_o sixth_o his_o time_n the_o practice_n of_o exchange_n be_v for_o a_o time_n prohibit_v but_o upon_o urgent_a necessity_n of_o the_o convenience_n thereof_o again_o admit_v unto_o merchant_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o late_a queen_n elizabeth_n of_o bless_a memory_n the_o abuse_n of_o exchange_n be_v call_v in_o question_n by_o m_n r._n hussly_n governor_n of_o the_o merchant_n aduenturor_n afterward_o the_o lord_n burghley_n lord_n treasurer_n of_o england_n have_v a_o grant_n by_o letter_n patent_n of_o the_o say_a office_n for_o 23._o year_n who_o not_o be_v inform_v how_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v true_o govern_v after_o proclamation_n make_v can_v not_o find_v convenient_a mean_n to_o establish_v the_o same_o this_o in_o progress_n of_o time_n do_v touch_v the_o say_a lord_n so_o much_o in_o his_o honour_n and_o reputation_n that_o his_o son_n sir_n robert_n cecil_n lord_n treasurer_n of_o england_n after_o he_o will_v never_o incline_v to_o establish_v the_o say_a office_n much_o less_o to_o reform_v the_o abuse_n thereof_o beside_o some_o other_o consideration_n may_v move_v he_o because_o the_o business_n be_v propound_v by_o other_o so_o that_o misselden_n do_v speak_v untrue_o that_o the_o same_o be_v reject_v 92._o p._n 92._o for_o it_o have_v still_o continue_v and_o be_v in_o agitation_n even_o as_o the_o fish_n trade_n hitherto_o neglect_v whereof_o more_o hereafter_o the_o importance_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o exchange_n prince_n treaty_n of_o exchange_n with_o other_o prince_n do_v not_o only_o appear_v by_o the_o say_v general_a act_n of_o parliament_n hitherto_o unrepeal_v and_o now_o most_o necessary_a than_o ever_o to_o be_v put_v in_o practice_n but_o also_o by_o diverse_a treaty_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v have_v by_o many_o conferrence_n with_o other_o prince_n and_o state_n concern_v the_o loss_n sustain_v thereby_o now_o utter_o neglect_v let_v it_o be_v consider_v what_o incredible_a loss_n england_n sustain_v when_o we_o loose_v above_o twoâ—shillings_n in_o the_o pound_n when_o the_o duchess_n of_o savoy_n regent_n of_o the_o low_a country_n allege_v that_o one_o half_a penny_n in_o the_o pound_n loss_n will_v ruin_v the_o state_n of_o those_o country_n as_o by_o ancient_a record_n in_o the_o exchequer_n appear_v king_n henry_n the_o eight_o be_v come_v to_o calais_n require_v the_o archdutches_n of_o austria_n than_o governor_n of_o the_o low_a country_n to_o permit_v his_o gold_n and_o silver_n to_o pass_v currant_n in_o her_o dominion_n a_o little_a above_o the_o true_a value_n thereof_o for_o the_o better_a enable_v of_o his_o soldier_n and_o merchant_n the_o duchess_n dispatch_v thomas_n gramay_n general_n of_o her_o mint_n and_o john_n dewsbrooke_n her_o assay-master_n with_o instruction_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n advertise_v he_o consideration_n notable_a consideration_n that_o to_o suffer_v the_o english_a coin_n run_v at_o a_o overvalue_n be_v against_o all_o statute_n and_o ordinance_n of_o the_o mint_n and_o that_o it_o will_v redound_v to_o the_o great_a scandal_n loss_n and_o harm_n to_o the_o commonweal_n and_o the_o harm_n and_o loss_n shall_v be_v so_o great_a that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o esteem_v it_o for_o the_o merchant_n find_v that_o more_o may_v be_v get_v in_o england_n then_o in_o her_o doâ—inions_n for_o bullion_n by_o this_o overualuation_n of_o the_o english_a coin_n will_v carry_v away_o all_o five_o gold_n melt_v and_o unmolten_a not_o only_o in_o ingot_n but_o also_o in_o piece_n of_o gold_n make_v in_o the_o archduke_n mint_n to_o convert_v they_o into_o angel_n noble_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o country_n and_o subject_n of_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v total_o consume_v spoil_v and_o destroy_v which_o will_v turn_v to_o a_o damage_n inestimable_a the_o like_a be_v affirm_v to_o ensue_v by_o the_o toleration_n of_o our_o english_a silver_n money_n to_o be_v over_o value_v centre_n gaine_n be_v still_o the_o centre_n because_o all_o merchant_n for_o their_o gain_n will_v carry_v into_o england_n not_o only_o the_o material_n of_o silver_n but_o also_o piece_n coin_a whereby_o the_o intercourse_n of_o merchandise_n shall_v cease_v and_o the_o merchant_n shall_v become_v merchant_n of_o silver_n without_o sell_v any_o other_o ware_n or_o merchandise_n furthermore_o she_o plead_v that_o never_o any_o prince_n will_v permit_v strange_a money_n to_o pass_v high_a than_o his_o own_o but_o that_o of_o custom_n they_o use_v the_o contrary_n and_o which_o be_v most_o effectual_a she_o urge_v that_o the_o ordinance_n of_o the_o mint_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o his_o subject_n ought_v ever_o to_o be_v keep_v of_o good_a policy_n for_o a_o law_n firm_a and_o stable_a forasmuch_o the_o mean_n of_o prince_n and_o of_o nobleman_n together_o with_o the_o rent_n fee_n and_o wage_n of_o all_o his_o subject_n be_v tax_v and_o value_v and_o all_o merchandise_n rule_v and_o govern_v thereby_o wherefore_o without_o great_a necessity_n or_o evident_a utility_n no_o alteration_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v in_o the_o price_n of_o money_n upon_o this_o remoustrance_n the_o archdutchesse_n commissioner_n &_o the_o mint-master_n of_o the_o tower_n make_v assay_n of_o all_o english_a and_o flemish_a coin_n and_o after_o long_o dispute_v and_o wrangle_v the_o king_n can_v never_o obtain_v to_o have_v his_o coin_n pass_v at_o a_o half_a penny_n above_o the_o true_a value_n what_o shall_v we_o say_v of_o these_o our_o day_n wherein_o we_o suffer_v so_o great_a a_o underualuation_n of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n and_o inhauno_v of_o foreign_a coin_n whereby_o the_o trade_n be_v decay_v the_o realm_n impoverish_v and_o every_o man_n in_o a_o manner_n undo_v be_v all_o the_o precedent_a law_n and_o ordinance_n make_v in_o vain_a and_o forget_v when_o hercules_n have_v loâ—t_v his_o ox_n god_n bateman_n in_o his_o leaden_a god_n and_o have_v long_o time_n seek_v they_o in_o vain_a they_o be_v at_o last_o discover_v by_o their_o bellow_n to_o be_v in_o cacus_n den_n now_o cacos_fw-la in_o greek_a signify_v evil_a which_o draw_v man_n backward_o by_o the_o tail_n as_o cacus_n do_v the_o ox_n whenc_n i_o do_v conclude_v that_o the_o say_v law_n and_o ordinance_n be_v hide_v in_o misseldens_n den_n for_o in_o his_o circle_n he_o will_v take_v no_o notice_n of_o they_o 9_o p._n 9_o but_o keep_v they_o back_o but_o thanks_n be_v give_v unto_o god_n and_o honour_n to_o the_o king_n who_o out_o of_o his_o princely_a care_n and_o providence_n have_v hercules_n strength_n to_o put_v the_o say_a law_n in_o execution_n to_o which_o purpose_n and_o to_o advance_v trade_n his_o highness_n have_v be_v gracious_o please_v first_o to_o grant_v a_o special_a committee_n to_o examine_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n next_o a_o especial_a commission_n direct_v to_o diverse_a noble_a personage_n and_o privy_a councillor_n of_o state_n associate_v with_o most_o worthy_a person_n of_o quality_n to_o divise_v wholesome_a remedy_n for_o these_o disease_n wherein_o they_o bestow_v unfatigable_a industry_n and_o pain_n to_o receive_v all_o information_n which_o may_v conduce_v they_o to_o find_v out_o the_o true_a remedy_n and_o discern_v they_o from_o all_o fallacy_n to_o they_o i_o doubt_v not_o my_o labour_n will_v be_v acceptable_a do_v free_o and_o sincere_o for_o the_o common_a good_a it_o may_v be_v that_o the_o reformation_n hereof_o have_v also_o be_v reserve_v until_o these_o day_n now_o the_o
of_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o staple_n sir_n gilbert_n gerrard_n master_n of_o the_o roll_n and_o sir_n roger_n manwood_n lord_n chief_a baron_n unto_o who_o the_o examination_n of_o that_o business_n be_v refer_v by_o the_o right_n honourable_a the_o then_o lord_n high_a treasurer_n burleigh_n about_o the_o 25_o year_n of_o queen_n eliz._n the_o report_n follow_v in_o haec_fw-la verba_fw-la viz._n we_o have_v since_o our_o last_o certificate_n thereof_o make_v to_o your_o lordship_n according_a to_o your_o lordship_n latter_a direction_n sundry_a time_n hear_v both_o the_o say_a party_n and_o their_o counsel_n and_o think_v it_o best_o now_o to_o certify_v to_o your_o lordship_n more_o at_o large_a the_o effect_n of_o all_o material_a thing_n that_o have_v be_v allege_v and_o show_v of_o either_o party_n for_o the_o proof_n or_o disproof_n of_o the_o matter_n now_o in_o question_n between_o they_o whereof_o some_o part_n now_o show_v to_o we_o be_v more_o than_o be_v show_v before_o and_o first_o for_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o proof_n for_o the_o merchant_n stapler_n touch_v their_o antiquity_n and_o their_o trade_n of_o woollen_a clothes_n be_v as_o hereafter_o follow_v that_o be_v to_o say_v they_o have_v show_v that_o in_o the_o 51_o year_n of_o hen._n 3._o there_o be_v a_o wool_n staple_n and_o wool_n ship_v and_o officer_n belong_v to_o it_o and_o also_o that_o there_o be_v a_o mayor_n and_o company_n of_o stapler_n in_o antwerp_n a_o 12._o of_o edw._n 2._o as_o appear_v by_o a_o record_n out_o of_o the_o office_n of_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o pipe_n in_o the_o exchequer_n also_o they_o do_v show_v forth_o three_o several_a statute_n one_o in_o the_o 14._o of_o ric._n 2._o &_o another_o in_o the_o 11._o of_o hen._n 4._o ca._n 8._o and_o one_o other_o in_o the_o 9_o of_o hen._n 5._o ca._n 9_o whereby_o among_o diverse_a other_o thing_n woollen_a clothes_n be_v recite_v in_o the_o preamble_n to_o be_v merchandize_n of_o the_o staple_n item_n that_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o staple_n have_v ship_v woollen_a clothes_n tempore_fw-la hen._n 6._o as_o by_o the_o custom_n book_n of_o boston_n appear_v wherein_o be_v enter_v that_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o staple_n ship_v cloth_n versus_fw-la leiden_fw-mi in_o holland_n and_o also_o in_o the_o ship_n of_o camphire_n and_o sirecsea_n in_o zealand_n which_o they_o allege_v be_v probable_a to_o go_v into_o the_o low_a country_n for_o that_o at_o that_o time_n there_o be_v no_o trade_n into_o spain_n with_o clothes_n and_o for_o france_n there_o be_v no_o trade_n of_o broad_a clothes_n thither_o and_o the_o ship_n be_v name_v in_o the_o custom_n book_n naviculae_fw-la and_o therefore_o not_o meet_v to_o brook_v the_o spanish_a sea_n to_o carry_v clothes_n thither_o item_n that_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o staple_n have_v prove_v above_o a_o hundred_o mere_a stapler_n not_o free_a of_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n to_o have_v be_v shipper_n of_o woollen_a clothes_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o king_n ric._n 2._o king_n hen._n 6._o king_n edw._n 4._o and_o king_n hen._n 7._o against_o which_o no_o proof_n have_v be_v make_v by_o the_o adventurer_n to_o the_o contrary_a beside_o those_o which_o ship_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n 8._o and_o her_o majesty_n reign_n item_n that_o king_n hen._n 6._o a_o 36._o of_o his_o reign_n by_o his_o charter_n to_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o staple_n do_v publish_v that_o the_o charter_n of_o hen._n 4._o grant_v to_o his_o liege_n and_o now_o allege_v by_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n for_o their_o part_n be_v not_o mean_v to_o trouble_v or_o disquiet_v the_o merchant_n of_o the_o staple_n in_o body_n or_o good_n in_o the_o low_a country_n and_o therefore_o concern_v the_o merchant_n of_o the_o staple_n or_o their_o good_n the_o say_a charter_n of_o hen._n 4._o shall_v not_o extend_v item_n it_o be_v also_o prove_v that_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o staple_n have_v ship_v woollen_a clothes_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o king_n hen._n 8._o and_o some_o in_o this_o queen_n time_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o reign_v of_o ric._n 2._o king_n hen._n 6._o edw._n 4._o and_o king_n hen._n 7._o already_o report_v item_n that_o her_o majesty_n a_o 3._o of_o her_o highness_n reign_n grant_v and_o confirm_v to_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o staple_n all_o such_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n as_o they_o do_v may_v or_o aught_o to_o have_v enjoy_v a_o year_n before_o the_o loss_n of_o calais_n by_o grant_n of_o charter_n law_n prescription_n or_o custom_n notwithstanding_o none_o use_v forfeiture_n abuse_n law_n or_o statute_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n to_o the_o contrary_n whatsoever_o 14._o may_v 1583._o thus_o subscribe_v c._n wray_n g._n gerrard_n roger_n manwood_n this_o be_v a_o true_a copy_n of_o the_o original_n exit_fw-la per_fw-la a._n maynard_n upon_o these_o together_o with_o many_o other_o weighty_a reason_n concern_v the_o convenience_n and_o profit_n of_o this_o state_n then_o tender_v to_o their_o grave_a consideration_n the_o say_a house_n of_o commons_o do_v pass_v a_o bill_n for_o they_o entitle_v a_o act_n restore_v the_o free_a trade_n of_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o staple_n for_o the_o exportation_n of_o cloth_n and_o all_o other_o manufacture_n make_v of_o wool_n in_o the_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n as_o by_o the_o say_a bill_n appear_v so_o that_o whereas_o out_o of_o false_a premise_n misselden_n make_v this_o conclusion_n whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a say_v he_o that_o the_o cloth_n and_o other_o the_o manufacture_n of_o this_o kingdom_n have_v with_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o state_n be_v confer_v upon_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n not_o only_o by_o their_o last_o letter_n patent_n but_o by_o many_o other_o former_a grant_v before_o recite_v i_o answer_v that_o by_o this_o reply_n it_o be_v most_o apparent_a that_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n from_o their_o first_o grant_n make_v in_o the_o eight_o of_o king_n henry_n the_o 4_o unto_o the_o last_o grant_v make_v unto_o they_o in_o the_o fifteen_o year_n of_o his_o majesty_n they_o never_o have_v any_o propriety_n or_o trust_n of_o trade_n commit_v to_o they_o but_o with_o exception_n and_o limitation_n as_o be_v before_o express_v and_o it_o be_v also_o most_o manifest_a that_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o staple_n may_v and_o do_v from_o time_n to_o time_n ship_n cloth_n in_o their_o own_o right_n into_o holland_n &c_n &c_n as_o stapler_n and_o not_o as_o merchant_n adventurer_n wherefore_o the_o power_n which_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n now_o assume_v unto_o themselves_o to_o restrain_v the_o merchant_n of_o the_o staple_n from_o trade_n with_o cloth_n as_o former_o they_o have_v do_v and_o the_o practice_n which_o they_o use_v to_o keep_v out_o other_o merchant_n be_v subject_n of_o his_o majesty_n from_o be_v free_a of_o their_o company_n be_v mere_o by_o colour_n and_o not_o by_o virtue_n of_o any_o of_o their_o grant_n or_o letter_n patent_n whatsoever_o and_o hereby_o misselden_n may_v understand_v what_o the_o difference_n be_v 70._o p._n 70._o between_o authority_n and_o the_o prince_n letter_n patent_n and_o find_v cause_n not_o to_o marvel_v but_o to_o wonder_v at_o his_o exception_n and_o whereas_o he_o have_v put_v another_o gloss_n 56._o p._n 56._o say_v the_o merchant_n of_o the_o staple_n may_v ship_v cloth_n still_o such_o of_o they_o as_o be_v free_a of_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n whereof_o say_v he_o there_o be_v many_o i_o answer_v that_o of_o all_o the_o merchant_n aduentuer_n that_o be_v now_o trader_n in_o cloth_n there_o be_v but_o oâ—ely_o three_o of_o they_o free_a man_n of_o the_o staple_n thus_o far_o have_v i_o follow_v he_o in_o his_o chase_n after_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o staple_n and_o now_o i_o find_v he_o pursue_v another_o of_o his_o suppose_a adversary_n viz._n the_o merchant_n stranger_n stranger_n concern_v the_o trade_n of_o merchant_n stranger_n and_o their_o loss_n or_o the_o lessen_v of_o their_o trade_n he_o will_v salve_v with_o a_o distinction_n of_o cloth_n dress_v and_o undress_v affirm_v that_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n can_v never_o ship_v cloth_n undress_v by_o reason_n of_o certain_a statute_n make_v against_o it_o and_o for_o cloth_n dress_v and_o other_o manufacture_n he_o say_v they_o may_v ship_v they_o still_o pay_v stranger_n custom_n and_o perhaps_o better_a cheap_a also_o this_o point_n i_o think_v and_o especial_o the_o perhaps_o be_v worth_a the_o examine_n it_o be_v true_a that_o there_o be_v statute_n against_o ship_v cloth_n undress_v above_o a_o certain_a value_n but_o there_o have_v be_v ever_o or_o for_o the_o most_o part_n mean_v to_o dispense_v with_o the_o say_a satute_n as_o the_o lord_n of_o cumberland_n his_o licence_n and_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n for_o which_o business_n there_o have_v be_v usual_o heretofore_o a_o officer_n in_o
be_v value_v at_o ten_o shilling_n starlin_n be_v all_o of_o a_o goodness_n of_o gold_n in_o value_n which_o we_o call_v waight_n and_o finesse_n by_o the_o term_n of_o the_o mint_n so_o the_o french_a crown_n which_o be_v value_v here_o at_o six_o shilling_n starlin_n exchange_n english_a &_o foreign_a coin_n all_o one_o in_o exchange_n and_o beyond_o the_o sea_n at_o six_o shilling_n flemish_n be_v correspondent_a the_o philip_n doller_n of_o silver_n be_v value_v at_o five_o shilling_n flemish_n and_o so_o be_v the_o edward_n crown_n of_o silucr_n five_o shilling_n starlin_n our_o ten_o groat_n be_v three_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n be_v correspondent_a to_o the_o emperor_n florin_n of_o twenty_o stivers_n and_o the_o flemish_a shilling_n of_o six_o stivers_n or_o twelve_o penny_n flemish_n be_v all_o one_o with_o our_o shilling_n or_o twelve_o penny_n starlin_n for_o a_o ounce_n of_o starlin_n silver_n be_v value_v as_o five_o shilling_n for_o there_o be_v five_o piece_n or_o 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thereof_o exchange_n silver_n coin_n do_v rule_v the_o market_n and_o exchange_n be_v 500_o to_o one_o of_o gold_n which_o cause_v the_o exchange_n to_o be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o silver_n coin_n which_o overrule_v the_o coin_n of_o gold_n the_o first_o inequality_n creep_v in_o by_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o money_n be_v upon_o the_o philip_n doller_n which_o be_v come_v from_o 30_o stivers_n or_o 5_o s_o as_o aforesaid_a to_o 33_o and_o 35_o stivers_n whereby_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n begin_v to_o alter_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1563_o and_o 1564_o which_o then_o be_v look_v into_o by_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n according_a to_o the_o complaint_n of_o mr._n hussey_n their_o governor_n and_o that_o make_v they_o to_o make_v exchange_n upon_o our_o pound_n of_o 20_o s_o starlin_n at_o 22_o s._n 6_o d._n and_o 23_o s._n afterward_o in_o the_o year_n 1575._o the_o say_a philip_n doller_n go_v currant_n for_o 36_o stivers_n or_o 6_o s_o flemish_n which_o be_v enhance_v full_a twenty_o in_o the_o hundred_o or_o four_o shilling_n upon_o twenty_o shilling_n whereby_o the_o parity_n of_o exchange_n be_v alter_v in_o name_n from_o 20_o to_o 24_o because_o that_o 24_o s_o with_o they_o beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o our_o 20_o s_o here_o be_v all_o one_o in_o value_n so_o that_o 500_o l_o starlin_n be_v correspondent_a or_o answerable_a to_o 600_o l_o flemish_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o say_a valuation_n without_o any_o alteration_n of_o standard_n before_o that_o time_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1567._o the_o burgundian_n rickx_n doller_n be_v coin_v in_o the_o empire_n for_o 32_o stivers_n lup_n or_o two_o mark_n lubish_n of_o 16_o shilling_n the_o mark_n so_o that_o then_o one_o shilling_n lubish_n and_o one_o stiver_n one_o shilling_n lubish_n and_o stivers_n all_o one_o be_v between_o germany_n and_o the_o netherlands_o all_o one_o in_o name_n as_o we_o have_v more_o ample_o declare_v in_o lex_fw-la 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all_o their_o own_o coin_n be_v correspondent_a thereunto_o in_o the_o inward_a value_n but_o in_o the_o low_a country_n the_o valuation_n do_v alter_v and_o money_n be_v enhance_v by_o intermissive_a time_n by_o the_o war_n and_o division_n of_o the_o 17._o province_n come_v we_o now_o to_o the_o year_n 1586._o when_v robert_n lord_n dudley_n earl_n of_o leycester_n go_v over_o to_o take_v the_o government_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n at_o which_o time_n money_n be_v much_o enhance_v and_o the_o state_n do_v coin_n the_o great_a silver_n royal_a of_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o philip_n doller_n as_o also_o rickx_v dollar_n in_o every_o province_n of_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o say_v imperial_a or_o burgundian_n dollar_n and_o the_o arch_a duke_n albertus_n of_o austria_n do_v the_o like_a in_o the_o reconcile_a country_n under_o his_o government_n hereupon_o there_o be_v assay_n make_v again_o of_o the_o say_a coin_n and_o other_o money_n and_o the_o goodness_n of_o they_o be_v by_o the_o say_a assay_n correspondent_a in_o weight_n and_o finesse_n and_o so_o the_o positive_a exchange_n be_v make_v according_o upon_o the_o valuation_n make_v in_o the_o say_a country_n namely_o the_o say_a philip_n doller_n be_v rise_v and_o value_v at_o 50._o stivers_n or_o 8._o s._n 4._o d._n flemish_n make_v the_o say_a exchange_n by_o the_o say_v 4._o piece_n to_o be_v 33._o s._n 4._o d._n for_o 20._o shilling_n starlin_n the_o say_a rickx_n doller_n be_v value_v at_o 45._o stivers_n or_o 7._o s._n 6._o d._n flemish_n make_v the_o exchange_n to_o be_v after_o 4_o piece_n and_o a_o half_a to_o the_o pound_n starlin_n 33._o s._n 9_o d._n but_o because_o our_o shilling_n be_v value_v at_o 20._o d._n flemish_n or_o 10_o stivers_n whereof_o 20._o s._n make_v 33._o s._n 4._o d._n flemish_n it_o be_v agree_v by_o the_o commissioner_n d._n exchange_n for_o the_o low_a country_n at_o 83_o s._n 4_o d._n that_o the_o positive_a exchange_n shall_v be_v 33._o s._n 4._o d._n for_o our_o 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give_v in_o exchange_n facit_fw-la 33._o s._n 9_o d_o so_o that_o you_o see_v the_o assay_n and_o valuation_n do_v agree_v in_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n and_o rather_o somewhat_o to_o our_o disadvantage_n in_o the_o year_n 1600._o by_o a_o commission_n grant_v to_o sir_n richard_n martin_n knight_n and_o master_n of_o the_o mint_n sir_n richard_n saltonstall_n sir_n henery_n belling_n slay_v knight_n thomas_z afterward_o lord_n knynet_n mr._n john_n williams_n myself_o and_o diverse_a other_o there_o be_v a_o examination_n take_v concern_v the_o goodness_n and_o valuation_n of_o money_n in_o exchange_n and_o there_o ensue_v but_o a_o alteration_n in_o the_o valuation_n of_o gold_n concern_v the_o proportion_n with_o some_o small_a reformation_n concern_v the_o standard_n but_o in_o exchange_n nothing_o be_v effect_v for_o some_o reason_n here_o not_o declare_v come_v we_o now_o to_o this_o present_a time_n and_o see_v how_o much_o the_o say_v money_n have_v be_v enhance_v valuation_n calculation_n up_o on_o the_o last_o valuation_n not_o by_o the_o toleration_n of_o merchant_n to_o receive_v they_o above_o their_o price_n but_o according_a to_o the_o placcart_n or_o edict_n of_o proclamation_n of_o the_o say_a estate_n make_v the_o 21_o of_o july_n 1622._o there_o you_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o philip_n doller_n be_v make_v bullion_n that_o be_v to_o say_v not_o currant_n as_o they_o have_v also_o do_v of_o other_o coin_n but_o the_o rickx_n doller_n of_o germany_n and_o the_o netherland_n be_v enhance_v and_o value_v by_o public_a authority_n beside_o their_o toleration_n to_o go_v above_o the_o same_o at_o 50._o stivers_n now_o cast_v hereupon_o what_o the_o positive_a exchange_n must_v be_v when_o 45._o be_v make_v 50._o or_o when_o 5._o be_v get_v in_o 45_o which_o be_v just_a one_o nine_o part_n take_v the_o nine_o part_n of_o one_o hundred_o and_o it_o be_v 11._o and_o 1_o 9_o that_o the_o say_v dollar_n and_o other_o money_n be_v in_o haunced_a thereby_o but_o our_o shilling_n or_o 12._o penny_n starlin_n albeit_o they_o must_v be_v deliver_v by_o weight_n be_v but_o advance_v to_o ten_o stivers_n and_o a_o half_a which_o be_v but_o 5._o d._n 100_o when_o it_o shall_v be_v 11_o 1_o 9_o part_n or_o 11._o l._n 2._o s._n 2._o d._n â…”_n the_o rule_n be_v if_o 45._o give_v 5_o what_o shall_v 50._o give_v facit_fw-la 11._o &_o 1_o 9_o part_n or_o if_o 45._o give_v in_o true_a exchange_n 33._o s._n 9_o do_v what_o 50_o facit_fw-la 37._o s._n 6._o d._n or_o if_o 42._o for_o the_o royal_a give_v 33._o s._n 4._o do_v what_o give_v 48_o facit_fw-la 38._o s._n 1._o d._n so_o that_o it_o plain_o appear_v by_o ground_a calculation_n upon_o assay_n that_o from_o 33._o s._n 4._o d._n the_o money_n of_o the_o realm_n between_o we_o and_o the_o low_a country_n be_v underualued_a 11._o l._n 2._o s._n 2._o â…”_n d._n in_o every_o hundred_o pound_n money_n exceed_o great_a gain_n by_o the_o exportation_n of_o our_o money_n whereby_o we_o undersell_v our_o home_n commodity_n and_o buy_v the_o foreign_a commodity_n so_o much_o dear_a and_o loose_v for_o every_o hundred_o pound_n so_o much_o in_o the_o kingdom_n stock_n for_o we_o do_v receive_v but_o 88_o l._n 17._o s._n 9_o â…“_n d._n for_o one_o hundred_o pound_n and_o he_o that_o export_v our_o money_n may_v get_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la or_o every_o month_n above_o 11._o per_fw-la cent_n which_o be_v 132._o per_fw-la cent_n by_o the_o year_n and_o no_o money_n or_o bullion_n can_v be_v import_v from_o thence_o without_o the_o like_a loss_n to_o the_o bringer_n thereof_o unless_o by_o gold_n which_o be_v here_o more_o esteem_v then_o in_o other_o country_n whereby_o he_o may_v save_v some_o part_n of_o his_o loss_n especial_o the_o same_o be_v make_v bullion_n beyond_o the_o sea_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o because_o misselden_n will_v not_o allow_v of_o the_o supposition_n set_v down_o upon_o the_o rate_n of_o 30._o s._n for_o 20._o â—_o 75._o p._n 75._o starlin_n to_o show_v how_o merchant_n may_v be_v correspondence_n accommodate_v each_o other_o to_o the_o kingdom_n great_a loss_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o a_o low_a exchange_n which_o must_v in_o the_o comparison_n need_v be_v under_o the_o price_n suppose_v in_o exchange_n and_o not_o at_o 33._o s._n 4._o do_v which_o be_v call_v low_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o present_a and_o hereupon_o he_o do_v miscast_v 100_o l._n in_o 1000_o l._n between_o the_o londoner_n and_o the_o amsterdamer_n with_o other_o cavillation_n in_o the_o answer_v thereof_o i_o though_o good_a to_o observe_v the_o same_o between_o the_o price_n of_o equal_a exchange_n alter_v by_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n at_o the_o beginning_n when_o 20._o s._n starlin_n be_v make_v 24._o s._n by_o exchange_n whereby_o 500_o l._n make_v 600._o l._n beyond_o the_o sea_n as_o aforesaid_a for_o the_o say_v 600_o l._n flemish_n be_v correspondent_a in_o account_n between_o the_o say_a londonner_fw-fr and_o amsterdammer_n after_o the_o say_a rate_n of_o 24_o s._n by_o exchange_n so_o long_o as_o the_o value_n be_v make_v good_a by_o exchange_n but_o if_o the_o exchange_n have_v not_o rise_v in_o price_n according_a to_o the_o money_n enhance_v and_o have_v remain_v at_o 20_o s._n for_o 20_o s._n and_o they_o have_v still_o so_o keep_v their_o account_n between_o they_o all_o man_n of_o judgement_n can_v very_o well_o see_v that_o the_o 500_o l._n starlin_n be_v transport_v will_v make_v 600_o l._n flemish_n but_o the_o londoner_n have_v not_o the_o like_a mean_n to_o import_v his_o money_n in_o specie_fw-la from_fw-la beyond_o the_o sea_n where_o the_o same_o be_v enhance_v so_o that_o if_o he_o do_v not_o receive_v their_o 600_o l._n in_o lieu_n of_o his_o 500_o l_o he_o
the_o chief_a direction_n of_o that_o which_o he_o express_v he_o set_v forth_o their_o authority_n to_o keep_v their_o court_n in_o their_o town_n of_o calais_n but_o he_o conceal_v two_o matter_n of_o consequence_n contain_v in_o their_o letter_n patent_n viz_o a_o exception_n and_o a_o command_n grant_v a_o exception_n &_o a_o command_n of_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n grant_v the_o exception_n that_o if_o in_o their_o court_n they_o make_v any_o law_n or_o ordinance_n contrary_a to_o the_o honour_n dignity_n royal_a or_o prerogative_n of_o the_o king_n or_o to_o the_o diminution_n of_o the_o common_a weal_n of_o the_o realm_n it_o be_v of_o no_o force_n the_o command_n we_o straight_o charge_v and_o command_v that_o all_o and_o every_o merchant_n or_o subject_n any_o way_n use_v or_o exercise_v the_o art_n or_o feat_n of_o a_o merchant_n adventurer_n be_v obedient_a unto_o the_o governor_n and_o come_v into_o the_o say_a fellowship_n of_o merchant_n adventurer_n and_o be_v free_a 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merchandise_n most_o part_n of_o their_o life_n and_o so_o many_o as_o have_v be_v observe_v to_o trade_n for_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la and_o more_o yea_o notwithstanding_o that_o some_o great_a one_o who_o i_o think_v not_o fit_a for_o i_o to_o name_n have_v speak_v yea_o and_o write_v in_o some_o of_o their_o behalf_n now_o to_o proceed_v according_a to_o his_o book_n from_o this_o time_n the_o merchant_n adventurer_n continue_v without_o any_o other_o addition_n or_o alteration_n until_o the_o sixth_o year_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n 34._o p._n 34._o at_o which_o time_n say_v he_o they_o be_v inscribe_v by_o the_o name_n of_o merchant_n adventurer_n of_o england_n and_o have_v authority_n to_o exercise_v their_o government_n within_o this_o kingdom_n wherein_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o power_n and_o privilege_n give_v they_o by_o their_o former_a grant_n be_v but_o for_o their_o government_n and_o use_n in_o foreign_a part_n wherein_o such_o abuse_n be_v commit_v y_z t_z they_o be_v at_o two_o several_a time_n great_o complain_v of_o in_o parliament_n in_o the_o 36._o of_o hen._n 6._o for_o interrupt_v of_o the_o stapler_n and_o in_o the_o 12._o of_o hen._n 7._o for_o disturb_v of_o other_o english_a merchant_n under_o pretence_n of_o a_o particular_a relation_n that_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v to_o s._n thomas_n becket_n for_o redress_v whereof_o there_o be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n two_o worthy_a and_o memorable_a law_n make_v that_o be_v yet_o in_o force_n wherein_o there_o be_v a_o large_a expression_n of_o the_o complaint_n and_o remedy_n and_o whereas_o he_o relate_v that_o in_o the_o 28._o of_o queen_n eliz._n these_o merchant_n adventurer_n have_v a_o new_a grant_n for_o enlargement_n of_o their_o trade_n into_o germany_n with_o prohibition_n of_o all_o other_o her_o majesty_n subject_n not_o free_a of_o their_o say_a fellowship_n to_o trade_v into_o any_o of_o their_o privilege_a place_n which_o he_o say_v he_o have_v not_o by_o hearsay_n but_o by_o his_o own_o collection_n i_o wish_v he_o have_v make_v a_o true_a collection_n and_o express_v the_o especial_a proviso_n that_o nothing_o therein_o contain_v shall_v any_o way_n impeach_v or_o prejudice_n the_o mayor_n constable_n or_o society_n of_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o staple_n but_o that_o they_o and_o every_o particular_a brother_n of_o that_o company_n shall_v and_o may_v use_v their_o trade_n and_o privilege_n as_o former_o they_o have_v do_v etc._n etc._n and_o at_o that_o same_o time_n the_o merchant_n of_o the_o staple_n have_v as_o free_a trade_n and_o large_a privilege_n in_o the_o low_a country_n and_o germany_n as_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n and_o in_o his_o recital_n of_o the_o letter_n patent_n make_v unto_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n by_o his_o majesty_n he_o continue_v his_o former_a course_n set_v forth_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o grant_n to_o the_o utmost_a but_o not_o a_o word_n of_o the_o limitation_n and_o exception_n for_o it_o likewise_o please_v his_o highness_n into_o those_o letter_n patent_n grant_v unto_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n in_o the_o xv_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n to_o insert_v a_o most_o gracious_a proviso_n and_o large_a exception_n for_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o staple_n the_o proviso_n follow_v in_o haec_fw-la verba_fw-la viz._n provide_v always_o that_o these_o our_o letter_n patent_n or_o any_o thing_n in_o they_o contain_v shall_v not_o in_o any_o wise_a be_v prejudicial_a or_o hurtful_a to_o the_o mayor_n constable_n and_o fellowship_n of_o merchant_n of_o the_o staple_n of_o england_n or_o to_o their_o successor_n or_o to_o any_o particular_a fellow_n of_o the_o say_a fellowship_n that_o now_o be_v or_o hereafter_o shall_v be_v but_o that_o they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o shall_v and_o may_v have_v and_o enjoy_v all_o and_o every_o such_o grant_n liberty_n and_o privilege_n as_o heretofore_o have_v be_v grant_v unto_o they_o by_o we_o or_o any_o other_o our_o progenitor_n or_o predecessor_n as_o they_o or_o any_o of_o they_o have_v lawful_o use_v or_o have_v in_o as_o large_a and_o ample_a manner_n and_o form_n as_o they_o or_o any_o of_o they_o might_n or_o aught_o to_o have_v have_v or_o enjoy_v before_o the_o date_n of_o these_o present_n any_o clause_n article_n or_o restraint_n in_o these_o patent_n contain_v to_o the_o contrary_a notwithstanding_o if_o they_o object_v that_o this_o proviso_n be_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o wool_n and_o not_o of_o cloth_n i_o answer_v that_o can_v be_v so_o for_o that_o his_o majesty_n by_o his_o public_a proclamation_n have_v forbid_v all_o exportation_n of_o wool_n three_o year_n before_o so_o that_o there_o be_v nothing_o to_o be_v reserve_v to_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o staple_n by_o this_o proviso_n but_o their_o trade_n of_o cloth_n and_o whereas_o he_o say_v that_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o staple_n never_o ship_v any_o clothes_n at_o any_o time_n as_o stapler_n but_o as_o merchant_n adventurer_n i_o answer_v that_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o staple_n in_o their_o note_n aforesaid_a exhibit_v to_o the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n at_o the_o last_o session_n do_v set_v forth_o that_o they_o have_v use_v the_o trade_n of_o ship_v cloth_n before_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n or_o the_o leidgers_n their_o predecessor_n have_v a_o name_n or_o be_v as_o be_v before_o recite_v and_o that_o they_o afterward_o exercise_v the_o same_o trade_n into_o the_o same_o country_n together_o with_o the_o say_a merchant_n adventurer_n as_o they_o affirm_v they_o can_v prove_v by_o indenture_n of_o composition_n make_v betwixt_o the_o say_v two_o company_n they_o likewise_o signify_v that_o they_o have_v have_v their_o trade_n of_o export_v all_o staple_n commodity_n whereof_o cloth_n be_v one_o continue_v and_o confirm_v unto_o they_o by_o sundry_a act_n of_o parliament_n viz._n in_o the_o 27._o of_o edw._n 3._o and_o likewise_o in_o the_o 36._o of_o hen._n 6._o together_o with_o many_o other_o in_o the_o time_n of_o succeed_a prince_n and_o also_o by_o diverse_a and_o sundry_a the_o gracious_a letter_n patent_n of_o edw._n 2._o edw._n 3._o ric._n 2._o hen._n 4._o hen._n 5._o hen._n 6._o edw._n 4._o hen._n 7._o hen._n 8._o edw._n 6._o with_o a_o large_a and_o ample_a grant_n of_o new_a title_n and_o privilege_n in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o queen_n eliz_n of_o famous_a memory_n which_o she_o enlarge_v unto_o they_o in_o the_o 26_o year_n of_o her_o reign_n and_o that_o all_o these_o have_v be_v effectual_o confirm_v unto_o they_o by_o his_o highness_n gracious_a letter_n patent_n and_o for_o further_a proof_n of_o their_o use_n of_o the_o cloth_n trade_n they_o exhibit_v a_o report_n of_o three_o reverend_a judge_n viz._n sir_n christopher_n wray_n lord_n chief_a justice_n staple_n the_o report_n of_o three_o reverend_a judge_n in_o the_o behalf_n