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A16657 The English gentleman containing sundry excellent rules or exquisite observations, tending to direction of every gentleman, of selecter ranke and qualitie; how to demeane or accommodate himselfe in the manage of publike or private affaires. By Richard Brathwait Esq. Brathwaite, Richard, 1588?-1673.; Vaughan, Robert, engraver. 1630 (1630) STC 3563; ESTC S104636 349,718 488

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conversant in that holy Exercise ibid. 378 Circumstances observable in workes of charitie and devotion ibid. Objections and resolutions upon the ground of Perfection 381. lin 16 Of the Contemplative part of Perfection 382 A Corollary betwixt the Heathen and Christian contemplation 384 Examples of a contemplative and retired life 387 A three-fold Meditation of necessarie importance 1 Worthinesse of the soule 2 Vnworthinesse of Earth 3 Thankefulnesse unto God who made man the worthiest creature upon Earth 389 Of the Active part of Perfection 391 No contagion so mortally dangerous to the body as corrupt company is to the soule 393 Two especiall memorials recommended to our devoutest meditation 1 The Author of our creation 2 The End of our creation ib. A foure-fold Creation 394. lin 8 The fabulous and frivolous opinions of foure Heathen Philosophers ascribing the creation of all things to the foure Elements 396. lin 6 Their arguments evinced by pregnant testimonies both of Scriptures and Fathers ibid. The End of our creation 397 Singular precepts of Mortification 399 Idlenesse begetteth security properly termed the Soules Lethargy 400 A Christians Ephemerides or his Euening account 401 The Active part of Perfection prefer'd before the Cōtemplative 403 No ARMORY can more truly deblazon a Gentleman than acts of charity and compassion 404 The Active preferred before the Contemplative for two respects the first whereof hath relation to our selves the second to others 407 408 Ignorance is to be preferred before knowledge loosely perverted with a comparison by way of objection and resolution betwixt the conveniences of Action and Knowledge 406 407 Action is the life of man and Example the direction of his life 409. l. 3 Wherein the Active part of Perfection consisteth 410 Active Perfection consisteth in Mortification of Action and Affection Mortification extends it selfe in a three-fold respect to these three distinct Subjects 1 Life 2 Name 3 Goods illustrated with Eminent Examples of Christian resolution during the ten Persecutions 411 412 Not the act of death but the cause of death makes the Martyr 414 No action how glorious soever can be crowned unlesse it be on a pure intention grounded 415 Mortificat in respect of name or report is two-fold 1 In turning our eares from such as praise us 2 In hearing with patiēce such as revile us 418 Scandals distinguished and which with more patience than others may be tollerated 424 425 c. Mortification in our contempt of all worldly substance pitching upon two remarkable considerations 1 By whom these blessings are conferred on us 2 How they are to be disposed by us 427 Vain-glory shuts man from the gate of glory 428 An exquisite connexion of the precedent Meditations 430 The absolute or supreme end wherto this Actuall Perfection aspireth and wherein it solely resteth 434 Singular Patternes of Mortification in their Contempt of life and embrace of death 439 440 The reason of his frequent repetition of sundry notable occurrences throughout this whole Booke 439 The Heart can no more by circumference of the World be confined than a Triangle by a Circle filled 442. lin 23. Though our feet be on Earth our faith must be in Heaven 445 A pithy Exhortation A powerfull Instruction clozing with a perswasive Conclusion 453 454 455 A Character intitled A Gentleman THE ENGLISH GENTLEMAN YOVTH Argument The dangers that attend on Youth The vanitie of Youth display'd in foure distinct Subjects Three violent passions incident to Youth Physicke prescribed and receits applied to cure these Maladies in Youth YOVTH HOwsoever some more curiously than needfully may seeme to reason that there be divers Climactericall or dangerous yeeres in mans time sure I am that in mans age there is a dangerous time in respect of those Sinne-spreading Sores which soile and blemish the glorious image of the soule And this time is Youth an affecter of all licentious liberty a Comicke introducer of all vanitie and the only Heire apparent to carnall securitie This it was which moved that princely Prophet to pray Lord forgiue mee the Sinnes of my youth Sins indeed because the youthfull sinner is ever committing but never repenting usually provoking God but rarely invoking God This is hee who Snuffeth the wind with the wilde Asse in the desart being like the Horse or Mule which hath no understanding by giving Sense preeminence aboue Reason and walking in the fatnesse of his heart as one wholly forgetfull of God He may say with the Psalmist though in another sense Vt jumentum factus sum apud te upon exposition of which sentence it is laudable saith Euthymius that in the sight of God we take our selues as Beasts to shew our humility but not to resemble beasts in ignorance or brutish sensualitie Many are the dangerous shelfes which menace ruine and shipwracke to the inconsiderate and improvident Soule during her sojourning here in this Tabernacle of clay but no time more perillous than the heat of Youth or more apt to give fuell to the fire of all inordinate desires being as ready to consent as the Devil is to tempt and most willing to enter parley with her spirituall enemie upon the least assault It is reported by Eusebius that Saint Iohn meeting a strong young-man of good stature amiable feature sweet countenance and great spiri● straightway looking upon the Bishop of that place he said thus unto him Christ being witnesse and before the Church I commend unto thee and thy care this young man to be especially regarded and educated in all spirituall discipline Whom when the Bishop had received into his tuition and promised that he would performe whatsoever he ought S. Iohn againe and againe gives his charge and contesteth his fidelity and afterwards he returnes to Ephesus The Bishop takes the young man home brings him up as his owne sonne keeps him within the limits of his dutie intreats him gently and at last baptiseth him and confirmes him Afterwards upon remitting something of his care and giving freer reines to his libertie the young man takes occasion to shake off the yoake of tuition and falls into bad company who corrupt him diverting his course from the path of vertue by these meanes First they invite him to banquets then they carry him abroad in the Night afterward to maintaine their profuser expence they draw him to theevery and so by degrees to greater wickednesse being now made Captaine in this theevish company At last Saint Iohn returnes and saith Goe to Bishop give me my depositum which I and Christ committed unto thee in the Church which thou governest The Bishop was astonied thinking that he had deceitfully demanded some money which he never received and yet durst scarce distrust the Apostle But as soone as Saint Iohn said I demand the young man and soule of my brother the old man hanging downe his head sighing and weeping said ille mortuus est he is dead How and with what kinde of death said Iohn Deo mortuus
Hearer Likewise because examples illustrate though they doe not prove touching instancie of Demonstration we have an excellent one in that of Cato who determined to strike the Senate and Romans in feare discoursed at large of the Carthaginian warres aggravating the danger by proper circumstances which threatned the publike State and instancing the ruine of many eminent and flourishing States occasioned by the securitie of their people But they objecting againe that Carthage was farre from them He shewed them greene figs implying thereby that Carthage was not farre distant for otherwise the figges would have beene dried and withered These kindes of Discourses seconded by instance are very moving and perswasive for as Speech is called the object of the eare so is such kinde of instance an object to the eye which must needs be more perswading because visibly appearing But we have inlarged this Subject too much wherefore to draw in our sailes and apply particularly what in generall hath beene discoursed I could wish Young Gentlemen considerate in what they speak because Speech is termed the Index of the Minde and can best expresse him whether he taste of rinde or pith Now because moderation of the tongue is such an absolute vertue as it displayeth the wisdome of him that hath it whence the wisest of all Princes He that bridleth his tongue is most wise I must needs preferre discreet Silence before loquacitie for in much speech there shall want no sinne saith Solomon whereas Silence is exempted from all Censure so it bee mixed with discretion It is said that Pythagoras would desire two things of God if the poss●bility thereof could stand with the conservation of humane Society that hee might not speake that he might not eat for by the one hee should prevent offence in discourse by the other avoid surfet through excesse Whence the Poet Silence is such a soule-entrancing charme It may doe good but can doe little harme Albeit that Pythagorian silence I cannot approve of being many times prejudiciall to the publike state for by silence saith the Orator is errour approved the lustre of vertue darkned good and wholesome precepts suppressed whereby Youth might be instructed private families directed all inordinate motions corrected and the whole structure of this little world Man rectified and repaired But especially in divine professors and dispencers of the sacred word is Silence most hurtfull for these should be shrill Trumpets in sounding and delivering the sweet tidings of salvation the tidings of peace and spirituall consolation The Pastor saith a blessed Father by holding his peace doubtlesly killeth sinners that is when he will not tell the house of Iacob his sinnes nor Israel her transgressions but cries peace peace when there can be no true peace for what peace unto the wicked saith the Lord So as the word of the Lord which came unto the Prophet rouzed him up with this fearfull caveat If thou givest not the ungodly warning he shall perish but his bloud will I require at thy hand With whom the Apostle harmoniously joyneth Woe unto mee if I preach not the Gospell For in that cause wherein the faithfull and painfull Pastor is to please God he is to sleight the pleasure or displeasure of men Now Gentlemen yee whose Education hath engaged you farre in the expectance and opinion of others yee whose more generous breeding promiseth more than others ye whose nobler parts should distinguish you from others let not those innate seeds of Gentilitie first sowne in you as in a hopefull Seed-plot be nipped in their rising which that yee may the better prevent exercise your selves in noble discourses not wanton or petulant for these breed a dangerous corruption even in the life and conversation of man Quintilian would not have Nurses to be of an immodest or uncomely Speech adding this cause Lest saith hee such manners precepts and discourses as young children learne in their unriper yeers remaine so deeply rooted as they shall scarce ever be relinquished Sure I am that the first impressions whether good or evill are most continuate and with least difficultie preserved How necessary then is it that an especiall care or respect be had herein that choice be made of such whose modest and blamelesse conversation may tender you their brests in your infancie and furnish you with grave and serious precepts in your minoritie that your Knowledge may be fruitfull your Discourses usefull and your actions in the eyes of the Almighty gratefull Of which Action we are now to speake being the third Branch which we observed in our definition of Education THat Education is the seasoner of our actions wee shall easily prove if we observe the rare and incredible effects derived from it which that we may the better doe you are to know that every Action hath two handles the One whereof consists in contriving the other in performing In the former we are to observe deliberation whence the Orator before wee take any thing in hand we are to use a diligent or serious preparation that we may effect what we intend and more prosperously succeed in that we take in hand In the Latter is diligence required for what is premeditation or preparation worth if it be not by diligence seconded When Annibal was a childe and at his fathers commandement he was brought into the place where he made sacrifice and laying his hand upon the Altar swore that so soone as he had any rule in the Common-wealth he would be a professed enemie to the Romans nor did hee infringe the vow which his infancie had professed but expressed when he came to be a man what he had protested to performe being a childe No device unassayed no Stratagem uncontrived no Labour neglected no Taske unattempted which might conferre honour on Carthage or expresse his mortall and implacable hate to Rome In this one example we shall see the strength of Education for though Annibal had no cause personally given him to vow all hostilitie rather on Rome than any other place yet in respect he received his breeding from such as were professed foes to the Romans he seconds their hate resolving to live and die Romes enemy The like may be observed in the demeanour and conversation of men in which respect also Education discovereth her absolute power For shall wee not see some whose faire outsides promise assured arguments of singular worth for want of breeding meere painted Trunks glorious features yet shallow Creatures and whence commeth this but through want of that which makes man accomplished seconding nature with such exquisite ornaments as they enable him for all managements publike or private Licurg●● brought two dogges the one savage wilde and cruell the other trained to let the people see the difference betwixt men brought up well and badly and withall to let them understand the great good of keeping lawes Now what are these savage and wilde
speciall Vocation in particular it is univocall Without Vocations no civill state can subsist because Idlenesse maketh of men women of women beasts of beasts monsters It was one of the sinnes of Sodome as wee may reade in the Prophet Ezekiel It was that which brought David the anointed of the Lord nay the man after Gods owne heart to commit adulterie It was this which moved Salomon to bid the sluggard goe to the pismire to learne good husbandry To be short it was this which moved the Prophets to denounce judgement upon the flourishing'st Cities for their securitie How necessary then is it for all estates to be carefull lest they incurre a heavy and fearfull censure to addresse themselves to especiall Vocations beneficiall to the state and pleasing to God whose glory should be our aime without any by-respect unto our selves Wee shall see in most places both at home and abroad how such trades or Vocations are most used as may best suit with the nature and condition of the place As in our Port-townes trafficke and commerce conferring no lesse benefit to the state by importance than profit to other Countries by exportance Againe in our Townes lying further within Land the inhabitants use some especiall Trade to keepe their Youth in labour whereby they become not only beneficiall to themselves but usefull and helpfull unto others Amongst which I cannot be unmindfull of the diligence of the Towne of Kendall and worthy care which they have to see their very young children put to work being a labour which requires no great strength to wit Wooll-worke Wherein so approved hath their care and industrie beene as they have gained themselves no small esteeme in forraine places who are made partakers of the fruit of their labours For I have known a familie consisting of seven or eight persons maintained by the work of two or three stones of wooll which amounted not above thirty shillings and with this they maintained credit living in an honest and decent manner Whose labours as they were laudable so have they beene no lesse furthered favoured and encouraged by our late gracious Soveraigne of renowmed memory who of his princely clemencie hath dammed all such impositions or heavy taxations as might any way impaire or impeach the free use of that Trade Albeit now of late the Towne of Kendall so famous for Wooll-worke by reason of a late decrease or decay of Trade in those parts is growne no lesse penurious than populous so as with griefe I speake it such Inhabitants as formerly by their paine and industrie were able to give an almes at their doore are now forced to begge their almes from doore to doore The redresse whereof as it hath beene by the Prince and those prudent guides and guardians of our State the Lords of his Privie Counsell duely intended so no doubt but by their wise care it shall be accordingly effected those poore people after so many miseries sustained wholly releeved to the advancement of Gods glory the supportance of many a needfull family and the succeeding renowne of his Majesty to whom every subject oweth his life love and loyalty The like commendation I could give to the Copperworkes used in the North more especially about Keswicke where divers Dutch-men being planted have for many yeares expressed no lesse judgement than industry in sundry excellent and choice experiments which to their succeeding fame may perpetuate their memorie For these like cunning and experienced Artizans have to doe in the bowels of the earth whence they digge copper which with incredible paines they bring to the Hammer For so steepe ragged and cliffie are those mountaines whence their Copper is digged as it might seeme a matter of impossibility to effect so intricate a worke but so infatigable are the Labourers which they employ as their patience in suffering is no lesse to be commended than their skill in contriving to be admired But to speake in generall of all vocations sciences or Mysteries wee are ever to observe the place and conveniencie thereof that we may the better appropriate some especiall vocation according to the necessity and conveniencie of the place As Ship-masters in places of trafficke and Navigation Sheep-herds Graziers and Farmers in places of plantation according to that ancient proverbe Gardiners in Thessalie Horsecoursers in Barbary Now if you should object touching the difference of vocations that some are more necessary than others yea such as now seeme most necessary have formerly as may appeare beene held Trades of indifferency my answer is I grant it yet not so altogether as some might object against the necessity of a Smiths trade by alleaging that of the Prophet Samuel There was no Smith found thorowout all the Land of Israel For this did not inferre that Smiths were of least use or imployment in Israel but rather the necessity of them made so few amongst them as may appeare in the latter part of the verse For the Philistines said lest the Hebrewes make them swords or speares Here see the cause why there were so few in Israel because they would have beene most usefull and behooffull to the people of Israel For this cause were they banished slaughtered and deprived of all meanes to assist their distressed Country whose people hid themselves in caves and in holds and in rocks and in towers and in pits For the first Invention of trades arts or sciences as they were in time and by degrees brought to perfection so had they proper and peculiar persons from whom they received their beginning and foundation For example tillage from Cain pasturage from Abel vintage from Noah navigation from Zabulon brazery or Smith-worke from Tubal-kain musicke from Iubal which by succession of time came to such perfection as they are now in The Satyre at the first sight of fire would needs have kissed and embraced it but Prom●theus checked him So highly admired were things unknowne and so familiarly imployed being once knowne The like we may imagine at the first rising of Trades what difficulties attended them and what imperfections were incident to them being like the Beares whelpe ever in licking before they came to perfecting ever in renuing and furbushing ere they came to such furnishing as they now expresse Yea if we should make recourse to al such Scholasticke sciences or vocations if I may so terme them as have the name of Liberall Sciences wee shall finde that in their infancy or minority there were many defects and blemishes in them having not as then attained that heighth or growth which they have acquired at this day For then wee had not a Quintilian to play the Grammarian a subtill Scotus to play the Logician an eloquent Cicero for a Rhetorician a learned Euclid for a Mathematician a studious Archimedes for a Geometrician a famous Hippocrates to renowme a Physitian a sense-ravishing Orpheus to eternize the Musitian Many conclusions were then to be sought and explored ere