time_n make_v fair_a with_o xxbiij_fw-la noble_a cytes_n without_o right_n many_o castle_n that_o be_v wall_v with_o tower_n with_o yate_n &_o with_o bar_n strong_o build_v ¶_o alfre_n these_o be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o cytee_n caâ—rlud_o that_o be_v london_n caerbranck_n that_o be_v york_n caerkente_n that_o be_v caunterbury_n caergoraugon_n that_o be_v wyrcestre_n caerlirion_n that_o be_v leycestre_n caerclon_n that_o be_v gloucestre_n caercolden_a that_o be_v colcestre_n carrei_fw-it y_fw-mi t_o be_v chichestre_n saxon_n call_v it_o sometime_o cyssoncestre_n caer-ceri_a that_o be_v cyrcestre_n caerguent_n that_o be_v wynchestre_n caergraunte_v y_o it_o be_v cambrygge_n caerleyll_o that_o be_v lugubalia_fw-la &_o karlyll_n caerperis_fw-la that_o be_v porchestre_fw-fr caerdrom_n y_fw-fr â—_o be_v dorchestre_fw-fr caerludcoit_fw-fr y_fw-fr t_o it_o lyncoln_n &_o lyndecolyn_n caermerthyn_n that_o be_v merlyns_n cyte_n caersegent_n y_fw-fr t_o be_v sycestre_n &_o be_v upon_o temse_n not_o far_o from_o rede_a caerthleon_n that_o be_v caerlegyon_n also_o &_o hyght_n first_o legecestre_n &_o now_o be_v name_v chestre_n caerbathon_n y_fw-fr t_o be_v bath_n &_o hyght_n sometime_o athamannê°_n cyte_n caerpaladour_n that_o be_v septon_n y_fw-fr t_o now_o hyght_n shaftesbury_n ¶_o r._n other_o cytee_n ben_fw-mi find_fw-mi in_o cronycle_n for_o understand_v of_o story_n of_o who_o it_o shall_v follow_v ¶_o wild_a upon_o london_n be_v a_o ryall_n and_o a_o rich_a cyte_n upon_o tamyse_n of_o burgeyss_n of_o tychesses_n of_o merchant_n of_o chaffer_n &_o of_o marchaundyse_n therefore_o it_o be_v that_o sometime_o when_o dearth_n of_o vytayl_n be_v in_o all_o englonde_n commu_o at_o london_n it_o be_v best_o cheap_a by_o cause_n of_o the_o byer_n and_o seller_n that_o be_v at_o london_n ¶_o gaufre_v brute_n y_fw-fr â—_o first_o king_n of_o bryton_n build_v &_o edefy_v this_o cyte_n of_o london_n the_o first_o cyte_n of_o brytayne_n in_o remembrance_n of_o the_o cyte_n of_o troy_n y_fw-fr t_o be_v destroy_v &_o call_v it_o troyenew_v &_o trinovantum_fw-la that_o be_v new_a troy_n after_o ward_v king_n lud_n call_v it_o caerlud_v after_o his_o own_o name_n therefore_o bryton_n have_v great_a indygnacyon_n as_o gyldas_n tell_v afterward_o englysshmen_n call_v the_o cyte_n london_n &_o yet_o after_o you_o â—_o norman_n call_v it_o londres_n &_o be_v name_v in_o latyn_a londonia_n rudhudibras_n king_n leyle_n soon_o be_v the_o eight_o king_n of_o bryton_n he_o build_v caunterbury_n the_o chyef_a cyte_n of_o prente_n &_o call_v it_o caerkente_n after_o ward_v englyssman_n call_v it_o doâ—oberma_n but_o that_o be_v not_o dover_n y_fw-fr t_o stand_v upon_o the_o clyf_v of_o the_o frensshe_n see_v &_o be_v from_o this_o dover_n twelve_o englysshe_n mile_n afterward_o this_o doroberma_n be_v &_o be_v call_v caunterbury_n the_o same_o king_n rudhudibras_n burld_v wâ—nchestre_n &_o call_v it_o caerguent_n &_o 〈◊〉_d englysshmen_n call_v it_o go_v &_o wâ—nchestre_n after_o the_o name_n of_o one_o wine_n a_o englysshman_n that_o be_v bysshop_n theâ—e_n all_o westsaron_n be_v subgette_v to_o he_o the_o same_o king_n build_v paladour_n y_o â—_o be_v septon_n that_o now_o be_v call_v shafâ—eâ—bury_n bryton_n tellen_v that_o a_o eagle_n prophesy_v there_o sometime_o bladud_n leâ—les_n soon_o a_o nygromancer_n be_v the_o it_o king_n of_o bryton_n he_o burlded_a bath_n &_o call_v it_o caerbathon_n englysshmen_n call_v it_o after_o athamannus_n cyte_n but_o atte_n last_o man_n call_v it_o bathoma_n y_fw-es â—_o be_v bath_n ¶_o wilhel_n de_fw-fr upon_o li._n ij_o in_o this_o cyte_n well_v up_o &_o sprynge_v hoot_v bath_n &_o man_n ween_v that_o julius_n cezar_n make_v there_o such_o bath_n ¶_o r._n but_o gaufre_o monemutensis_fw-la in_o his_o bryton_n book_n say_v that_o bladud_n make_v thilk_o bath_n because_o william_n have_v not_o seen_v that_o bryton_n book_n write_v so_o by_o telling_n of_o other_o man_n or_z by_o his_o own_o guess_v as_o he_o write_v other_o thing_n not_o best_a avy_z se_o therefore_o it_o seem_v more_o soth_o that_o bladud_n make_v not_o the_o hoot_v bathe_v ne_o julius_n cezar_n die_v such_o a_o deed_n though_o bladud_n build_v &_o make_v the_o cyte_n but_o it_o accord_v better_a to_o kind_o reason_n y_o it_o the_o water_n ren_v in_o the_o earth_n by_o vein_n of_o brimstone_n &_o sulphur_n and_o so_o it_o be_v kind_o make_v hoot_v in_o y_z t_z course_n &_o sprynge_v up_o in_o dyverse_a place_n of_o y_fw-fr â—_o cyte_v and_o so_o there_o ben_fw-mi hot_a bath_n that_o wass_v of_o tetres_fw-la soore_n and_o skabbe_n ¶_o trevisa_fw-la though_o man_n may_v by_o craft_n make_v hoot_v bath_n for_o to_o dure_v long_o enough_o this_o accord_v well_o to_o reason_n &_o to_o phylosophye_n that_o treat_v of_o hot_a well_n &_o bath_n that_o be_v in_o dyverse_a londe_n though_o the_o water_n of_o this_o bath_n be_v more_o troble_o &_o sour_a of_o savour_n &_o of_o smelle_n than_o other_o hot_a bath_n be_v that_o i_o have_v seen_v at_o akon_n in_o almayn_n and_o at_o eyge_n in_o savoye_n which_o be_v fair_a &_o clear_o as_o any_o cold_a welle_v streme_a i_o have_v be_v bathe_v therein_o and_o assay_v they_o ¶_o r._n claudius_n cezar_n marry_v his_o daughter_n to_o aruiragus_n king_n of_o bryton_n this_o claudius_n cezar_n build_v gloucestre_n in_o y_z e_z wed_v of_o his_o daughter_n bryton_n call_v this_o cyte_n first_o after_o claudiê°_n name_n but_z afterward_o it_o be_v call_v gloucestre_n after_o one_o glora_n which_o be_v duke_n of_o y_fw-fr t_o contree_n &_o stond_v upon_o sevarne_n in_o the_o march_v of_o englonde_n &_o wales_n shrowesbury_n be_v a_o cyte_n upon_o sevarne_n in_o y_z e_z march_v of_o englonde_n &_o wales_n ysette_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hylle_n and_o it_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d wesbury_v of_o shrobbe_v &_o fruit_n y_o it_o 〈◊〉_d there_o sometime_o on_o y_z t_z hylle_n bryton_n call_v it_o sometime_o pengwern_n that_o be_v the_o heed_n of_o a_o fair_a tree_n shrowesury_n be_v sometime_o the_o heed_n of_o powesye_n that_o stretch_v forth_o thwart_a over_o the_o myddell_n of_o wales_n unto_o you_o â—_o irysshe_n see_v notyngham_n stand_v upon_o trente_n &_o sometime_o heet_n snotyngham_n that_o be_v y_fw-fr e_o woning_a of_o den_n for_o the_o dane_n dwell_v there_o sometime_o &_o dygged_a den_n &_o cave_n under_o hard_a stone_n &_o rock_n and_o dwell_v there_o ¶_o r._n lyncoln_n be_v chyef_n of_o the_o provynce_n of_o lyndesaye_v &_o be_v call_v sometime_o caerludcoit_fw-fr &_o afterward_o lyndecoln_n it_o be_v uncertain_a who_z build_v first_o this_o cyte_n but_o if_o it_o be_v king_n lud_n &_o so_o it_o seem_v by_o mean_v of_o the_o name_n for_z ca_a be_v brytysshe_v &_o be_v to_o say_v a_o cyte_n &_o coit_n be_v a_o wood_n and_o so_o it_o seem_v that_o caerludcoit_n be_v to_o say_v ludde_n wood_n town_n king_n leyr_n be_v bladudde_n soon_o &_o build_v leycestre_fw-fr as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o myddell_n of_o englonde_n upon_o the_o ryver_n sos_n &_o upon_o fosse_n the_o king_n high_a way_n ¶_o wilhel_n de_fw-fr upon_o li._n iij._n yorke_n be_v a_o great_a cyte_n in_o either_o side_n of_o the_o water_n of_o ouse_n that_o seem_v as_o fair_a as_o rome_n unto_o the_o time_n that_o the_o king_n william_n have_v with_o brenning_a &_o fire_n defoul_v it_o &_o the_o country_n about_o so_o that_o a_o pylgrym_n will_v now_o weep_v &_o he_o see_v it_o if_o he_o have_v know_v it_o tofore_o ¶_o gaufre_n ebrancus_n the._n v._o king_n of_o bryton_n build_v york_n and_o call_v it_o after_o his_o own_o name_n caerbranck_n he_o build_v also_o two_o other_o noble_a cytee_n one_o in_o scotlonde_n &_o be_v call_v edinburgh_n &_o a_o other_o toward_o scotlonde_n in_o thende_n of_o englonde_n &_o be_v call_v alcluid_n ¶_o r._n edinburgh_n be_v a_o cyte_n in_o the_o land_n of_o picte_n bytwene_n the_o ryver_n of_o twede_n &_o the_o scottesshe_n see_v &_o heet_n sometime_o the_o castle_n of_o maiden_n &_o be_v call_v afterward_o edinburgh_n of_o edan_n king_n of_o pyctes_n that_o regn_v there_o in_o egfridus_n time_n king_n of_o north_n humberlonde_fw-fr alcliud_fw-la be_v sometime_o a_o noble_a cyte_n &_o be_v now_o well_o nigh_o unknowe_a to_o all_o englysshman_n for_z under_o the_o bryton_n &_o pyctes_n and_o englysshmen_n it_o be_v a_o noble_a cyte_n unto_o the_o come_n of_o the_o dane_n but_o afterward_o about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n eight_o c._n lxx_o it_o be_v destroy_v when_o you_o â—_o dane_n destroy_v the_o contree_n of_o northumberlonde_n but_o in_o what_o place_n of_o brytayne_v that_o cyte_n alcliud_fw-la be_v build_v auctour_n tellen_v dyverse_o ¶_o beda_n li._n i_o say_v that_o it_o be_v build_v by_o west_n y_fw-fr t_o arm_n of_o the_o see_v that_o depart_v bytwene_v the_o bryton_n &_o the_o pyctes_n sometime_o there_o severus_n famous_a wall_n end_v westward_o &_o so_o it_o
among_o the_o shire_n of_o englonde_n it_o may_v stand_v among_o they_o well_o enough_o for_o it_o be_v neither_o to_o wales_n neither_o in_o scotlonde_n but_o it_o be_v in_o englonde_n and_o be_v join_v unto_o devenshyre_n and_o so_o may_v there_o be_v acompt_v in_o englonde_n xxxvij_o shire_n and_o a_o half_a with_o the_o other_o shire_n ¶_o de_n legibus_fw-la legumque_fw-la vocabulis_fw-la dvnwallo_n that_o heet_n moliuncius_fw-la also_o make_v first_o law_n in_o brytayne_n the_o which_o law_n be_v call_v moliuncius_fw-la law_n and_o be_v solempne_o observe_v unto_o william_n conqueror_n tyme._n moliuncius_fw-la ordain_v among_o his_o law_n that_o cytee_n temple_n and_o way_n that_o lede_v man_n thereto_o and_o plowman_n solowe_v shall_v have_v prevylege_n and_o freedom_n for_o to_o save_v all_o man_n that_o will_v flee_v thereto_o for_o socoure_v and_o refuge_n thenne_n afterward_o marcia_n queen_n of_o bryton_n that_o be_v gwytelinus_n wyf_v of_o she_o the_o provynce_n have_v the_o name_n of_o mercia_n as_o some_o man_n suppose_v she_o make_v a_o law_n full_a of_o right_a of_o wit_n and_o of_o reason_n and_o be_v call_v merchene_n law_n ¶_o gyldas_n that_o write_v the_o cronycle_n &_o hystorye_n of_o the_o bryton_n torn_v these_o two_o law_n out_o of_o bryton_n speech_n in_o to_o latyn_a and_o afterward_o king_n aluredus_n torn_v all_o out_o of_o latyn_a in_o to_o saxon_n speech_n and_o be_v call_v merchene_n law_n also_o the_o same_o king_n aluredus_n write_v in_o englysshe_n and_o put_v to_o a_o other_o law_n that_o heet_n westsaxon_n law_n thenne_n afterward_o danes_n be_v lord_n in_o this_o land_n and_z so_o come_v forth_o the_o three_o law_n that_o hete_n danelawe_n of_o these_o three_o law_n saint_n edward_n the_o three_o make_v one_o common_a law_n that_o yet_o be_v call_v saint_n edward_n law_n i_o hold_v it_o well_o do_v to_o write_v here_o and_o expowne_v many_o term_n of_o these_o law_n myndebruche_o hurting_a of_o honour_n and_o worshypp_n in_o frensshe_a bleschur_n dhonnour_v burbruck_n in_o frenssh_a bleschur_n de_fw-fr court_n ou_fw-fr de_fw-fr cloy_v grithbruch_n break_v of_o pease_n myskenning_a change_a of_o speech_n in_o court_n show_v setting_a forth_o of_o marchaundyse_n in_z frensshe_a disploier_fw-fr de_fw-fr marchandyse_n hamsokne_v or_o hamfare_v a_o rese_n make_v in_o house_n forstalling_n wrong_a or_o bet_fw-mi down_o in_o the_o king_n hyghwaye_o frythsoken_n surete_a in_o defence_n sak_n forfayt_v soka_n suit_n of_o court_n and_o thereof_o come_v soaken_v theme_n suit_n of_o bondman_n fight_a wit_v amersement_n for_o fighting_a blodewyte_n mersement_n for_o sh_a of_o blood_n flytwyte_a amends_n for_o chide_v of_o blood_n leyrwyte_a amends_n for_o lyenge_a by_o a_o bond_n woman_n gulâ—wyte_v amends_n for_o trespass_n scotâ—â—â—ring_v to_o werke_v of_o bayllye_n hydage_n tayllage_n for_o hide_n of_o land_n daneghelde_v tayllage_n give_v to_o the_o dane_n that_o be_v of_o every_o bona_fw-la taterre_fw-fr that_o be_v of_o every_o ox_n land_n three_o pen_n a_o wepentak_v and_o a_o hondred_a be_v all_o one_o for_o the_o country_n of_o town_n be_v wont_a to_o gyve_v up_o wepen_v in_o the_o come_n of_o a_o lord_n lestage_n custom_n challenge_v in_o chepynge_n fair_n and_o stallage_n custom_n for_o stand_v in_o stretes_n in_o fair_a tyme._n ¶_o of_o kingdom_n of_o bound_n &_o mark_n bytwene_v they_o ca._n xij_o the_o kingdom_n of_o brytayne_n stand_v without_o departing_a hole_n and_o all_o one_o kingdom_n to_o the_o bryton_n from_o the_o first_o brute_n unto_o julius_n cezars_n time_n and_z from_o julius_n cezars_n time_n unto_o severus_n time_n this_o land_n be_v under_o tribute_n to_o the_o romayn_v netheles_o king_n they_o have_v of_o the_o same_o land_n from_o severus_n unto_o the_o last_o prince_n gracyan_a successor_n of_o bryton_n fayll_v and_o romayn_v regn_v in_o brytayne_n afterward_o the_o romayn_v leave_v of_o her_o regning_a in_o brytayne_n by_o cause_n it_o be_v far_o from_o rome_n and_z for_o great_a besynesse_n that_o they_o have_v in_o other_o side_n thenne_n scot_n and_o pyctes_n by_o myslede_a of_o maximus_n the_o tyrant_n pursew_v brytayne_v and_o war_v there_o in_o with_o great_a strengthe_n of_o man_n of_o arm_n long_o time_n unto_o the_o time_n that_o the_o saxon_n come_v at_o the_o prayenge_a of_o the_o bryton_n against_o the_o pyctes_n and_o put_v out_o gurmonde_n the_o irysshe_n king_n with_o his_o pyctes_n and_o the_o bryton_n also_o with_o her_o king_n that_o heet_n careticus_fw-la &_o drofe_n hem_v out_o of_o englonde_n in_o to_o wales_n and_z so_o the_o saxon_n be_v vyctour_n and_o every_o provynce_n after_o his_o strength_n make_v they_o a_o king_n and_o so_o depart_v englonde_n in_o to_o seven_o kingdom_n netheles_o afterward_o these_o seven_o kingdom_n every_o after_o other_o come_v all_o in_o to_o one_o kingdom_n all_o hoole_n under_o the_o prince_n adelstone_n nevertheless_o the_o dane_n pursew_v this_o land_n from_o adel_n wolfy_v time_n that_o be_v aluredes_n fader_fw-mi unto_o the_o three_o saint_n edward_n time_n about_o hondr_v lxx_o year_n that_o regn_v contynuel_o therein_o after_o the_o dane_n xxx_o year_n the_o three_o saint_n edward_n regn_v therein_o xxiij_o year_n and_o a_o lytell_a more_o and_z after_o he_o haralde_v hold_v y_o e_o kingdom_n ix_o month_n and_o after_o he_o norman_n have_v regn_v unto_o this_o time_n but_o how_o long_o they_o shall_v regne_fw-la he_o wot_v to_o who_o no_o thing_n be_v unknowen_a ¶_o r._n of_o the_o foresaid_a seven_o kingdom_n and_o her_o mark_n mere_n &_o bound_n when_o they_o begin_v and_o how_o long_o they_o endure_v here_o shall_v i_o somewhat_o short_o tell_v ¶_o alfre_n the_o first_o kingdom_n be_v the_o kingdom_n of_o kente_n that_o stretch_v fro_o the_o ee_a ocean_n unto_o the_o ryver_n of_o tamyse_n there_o regn_v the_o first_o hengistus_n and_o begin_v to_o regne_fw-la by_o the_o acompting_a of_o dyonyse_n the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n four_o hondr_v lu_o that_o kingdom_n dure_v three_o hondr_v &_o lviij_o year_n under_o xu_o king_n unto_o the_o time_n that_o baldrede_n be_v put_v out_o and_o egbert_n king_n of_o westsaxon_n join_v that_o kingdom_n to_o his_o own_o the_o second_o kingdom_n be_v of_o southsaxon_n that_o have_v in_o the_o ee_a side_n kente_fw-it in_o the_o south_n the_o see_v and_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n in_o the_o west_n hampshyre_n and_z in_o the_o north_n sothery_a there_o ella_n regn_v first_o with_o his_o three_o son_n and_o begin_v to_o regne_fw-la the_o year_n after_o the_o come_n of_o the_o angle_n even_o xxx_o but_o that_o kingdom_n within_o a_o short_a time_n pass_v in_o to_o the_o other_o kingdom_n the_o three_o kingdom_n be_v of_o eestsaxon_n and_o have_v in_o the_o ee_a side_n the_o see_v in_z the_o west_n the_o country_n of_o london_n in_o the_o south_n tamyse_n and_o in_o the_o north_n southfolke_n the_o king_n of_o this_o country_n of_o westsaxon_n from_o the_o first_o seberte_n time_n unto_o the_o time_n of_o the_o dane_n be_v there_o ten_o king_n the_o which_o be_v subget_v somdele_n to_o other_o king_n nevertheless_o oft_a and_o leng_a they_o be_v under_o the_o king_n of_o mercia_n and_z unto_o that_o time_n that_o egbert_n the_o king_n of_o westsaxon_n join_v that_o kingdom_n to_o his_o own_o the_z fourthe_a kingdom_n be_v of_o ee_a angle_n and_o contain_v norfolk_n and_o suffolk_n and_o have_v in_o the_o ee_a side_n and_o in_o the_o north_n side_n the_o see_v &_o in_o the_o northwest_n cambrygeshyre_n in_o the_o west_n saint_n edmondes_n dyche_n and_o herfordshyre_n and_z in_o the_o south_n estsex_n and_o this_o kingdom_n dure_v under_o twelve_o king_n unto_o the_o time_n that_o king_n edmonde_n be_v slay_v and_o thenne_v the_o dane_n take_v wrongful_o both_o y_o â—_o kingdom_n of_o ee_a angle_n and_o of_o eestsaxon_n afterward_o the_o dane_n be_v put_v out_o and_o dryven_v away_o or_o make_v subgette_v and_o thenne_fw-fr the_o elder_a king_n edward_n join_v both_o the_o kingdom_n to_o his_o own_o the_o fyfthe_a kingdom_n be_v of_o westsaxon_n and_o dure_v leng_a of_o all_o these_o kingdom_n and_o have_v in_o the_o ee_a side_n southsaxon_fw-mi in_o the_o north_n tamyse_v in_o the_o south_n and_o in_o the_o west_n the_o see_v ocean_n in_o that_o kingdom_n regn_v serdryk_n with_o his_o soon_o kenryk_fw-mi and_z begin_v to_o regne_fw-la the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n fyve_o hondr_v and_o xix_o and_o thenne_n after_o the_o come_n of_o angel_n lxxi_o so_o say_v denys_n the_o other_o kingdom_n pass_v in_o to_o this_o kyngdom_n the_o sixth_o kingdom_n be_v of_o mercia_n &_o be_v grette_v of_o all_o the_o mark_n &_o the_o mere_n thereof_o be_v in_o the_o west_n side_n the_o ryver_n dee_fw-mi fast_o by_o chestre_n and_o sevarne_n fast_a by_o shrowesbury_n unto_o brystowe_v in_o the_o ee_v the_o eest_fw-mi see_v in_z the_o south_n tamyse_v unto_o london_n in_o the_o
north_n the_o ryver_n humbre_fw-mi and_o so_o westward_o &_o downward_o unto_o y_z e_o ryver_n mersee_v unto_o the_o corner_n of_o wyrhall_n there_o humbre_fw-mi fall_v in_o to_o the_o west_n see_v penda_fw-la wybbe_n soon_o regn_v first_o in_o this_o kingdom_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n ihesu_n cryste_n vi_o hondr_v xxvi_o so_o say_v denys_n and_o fro_o y_fw-mi â—_o come_n of_o angle_n an_o hondr_v lxxu_o year_n this_o kingdom_n dure_v under_o xviij_o king_n about_o two_o hondr_v lxiij_o year_n unto_o the_o last_o colwulf_n to_o the_o which_o colwulf_n the_o dane_n betake_v that_o kingdom_n to_o keep_v when_o burdr_v the_o king_n be_v put_v out_o but_z the_o elder_a edward_n the_o king_n put_v out_o y_o e_o danes_n &_o join_v the_o kingdom_n of_o mercia_n to_o his_o own_o kyngdom_n netheles_o at_o y_fw-fr â—_o begin_n this_o kingdom_n of_o mercia_n be_v depart_v in_o three_o in_o west_n mercia_n in_z myddell_a mercia_n &_o ee_a mercia_n the._n seven_o kingdom_n be_v northamhymbrorum_n y_o it_o be_v the_o kingdom_n of_o north_n humberlonde_fw-fr the_o mere_n and_o mark_n thereof_o be_v by_o west_n &_o by_o ee_v the_o see_v of_o ocean_n by_o south_n the_o ryver_n of_o humbre_a &_o so_o downward_o toward_o the_o west_n by_o thende_n of_o y_fw-fr e_o shire_n of_o notyngham_n &_o of_o derby_n unto_o the_o ryver_n of_o mersee_v &_o by_o north_n the_o scot_n see_v that_o heet_n forth_o in_o scot_n wery_n in_o brytysshe_n 〈◊〉_d scottysshe_n see_v in_o englysshe_n this_o 〈◊〉_d of_o northumberlonde_n be_v first_o deal_v in_o two_o provynces_n that_o one_o be_v the_o south_n side_n &_o heet_n deyra_n &_o that_o other_o be_v the_o north_n side_n &_o heet_n brenicia_fw-la as_o it_o be_v two_o kingdom_n &_o the_o ryver_n depart_v these_o two_o kingdom_n that_o time_n for_o the_o kyngdom_n of_o deyra_n be_v from_o the_o ryver_n of_o humbre_a unto_o y_fw-fr e_fw-la ryver_n of_o tyne_n the_o kingdom_n of_o brenicia_fw-la be_v from_o tyne_n to_o the_o scottysshe_n see_v and_o when_o pyctes_n dwell_v there_o as_o beda_n say_v li._n iij._n ca._n ij_o that_o ninian_n that_o holy_a man_n convert_v man_n of_o the_o south_n side_n ida_n the_o king_n regn_v there_o first_o &_o begin_v to_o regne_fw-la the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n fyve_o hondr_v xlvij_o so_o say_v dyonyse_n in_o deyra_n regn_v king_n elle_fw-fr the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n fyve_o hondr_v xlix_o these_o two_o kingdom_n be_v otherwhile_o as_o it_o be_v say_v depart_v bytwene_v two_o kyngê_n &_o sometime_o all_o hole_n under_o one_o king_n &_o dure_v as_o it_o be_v twenty_o englysshe_n kyngê_n ccc_o xxi_o year_n atte_fw-la last_o osbertus_n &_o elle_fw-fr be_v slay_v in_o the_o ix_o year_n of_o her_o kyngdom_n the_o dane_n slay_v they_o &_o northumber_n land_n be_v void_a without_o king_n viij_o year_n then_o afterward_o the_o dane_n regn_v in_o northumberlonde_n xxxvi_o year_n unto_o the_o ooning_a of_o you_o â—_o kyngdon_n adelstone_n he_o make_v subget_v y_o â—_o kyngê_n danes_n scottysshe_n &_o walsshe_n &_o regned_a first_o allone_n in_o englonde_n &_o hold_v y_o e_o kingdom_n of_o englonde_n all_o hole_n and_o all_o one_o kingdom_n y_fw-es â—_o be_v the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n eight_o c._n xxviij_o that_o ryver_n of_o mersee_v be_v sometime_o the_o mark_n &_o mere_a bytwene_n the_o kingdom_n of_o mercia_n &_o the_o kingdom_n of_o northumberlonde_n that_o may_v be_v show_v in_o two_o manner_n first_o by_o the_o property_n of_o this_o mersee_v that_o be_v as_o moche_v to_o say_v as_o a_o see_v that_o be_v a_o bind_v &_o a_o mere_a for_o it_o depart_v one_o kingdom_n from_o a_o other_o also_o it_o be_v write_v in_o cronycle_n of_o henry_n and_o of_o alfrede_n that_o king_n edward_n the_o elder_a fasten_v a_o castle_n at_o mamcestre_n in_o northhumberlond_n but_o that_o cyte_a mamcestre_n be_v fro_o the_o ryver_n of_o mersee_v scarce_o three_o mile_n ¶_o of_o bisshopryche_n &_o their_o see_v ca._n xiij_o lvcius_n be_v the_o first_o king_n crysten_v of_o the_o bryton_n in_z his_o time_n be_v three_o archebysshop_n see_v in_o brytayne_n one_o be_v at_o london_n a_o other_o at_o york_n &_o the_o three_o at_o caerusk_n the_o cyte_n of_o legyon_n in_o glamorgan_n that_o cyte_n be_v now_o call_v caerleon_n to_o these_o archebysshop_n see_v be_v subget_v xxviij_o bysshop_n &_o be_v call_v flamme_n to_o the_o archebysshop_n see_v of_o london_n be_v subget_v cornewayle_v and_o all_o myddel_n englonde_n unto_o humbre_fw-mi to_o york_n all_o northumberlonde_n from_o the_o how_o of_o humbre_fw-mi with_o all_o scotlonde_n to_o caerleon_n all_o wales_n there_z be_v in_o wales_n seven_o bysshops_n &_o now_o be_v but_o four_o though_o sevarne_n depart_v englonde_n &_o wales_n ¶_o wilhel_n de_fw-fr upon_o li._n i_o but_o in_o y_fw-es â—_o saxon_n time_n though_o saint_n gregory_n have_v grant_v london_n the_o prevylege_n of_o tharchebysshop_n see_v netheles_o saint_n austen_n that_o be_v send_v in_o to_o englonde_n by_o saint_n gregory_n torn_v tharchebysshop_n see_v out_o of_o london_n in_o to_o caunterbury_n after_o saint_n gregorye_n day_n at_o you_o â—_o prayer_n of_o king_n athelbryght_a and_o cytezeyn_n &_o burgeyse_n of_o caunterbury_n there_o tharchebysshop_n see_v have_v dure_v unto_o now_o save_v that_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n offa_n king_n of_o mercia_n be_v wroth_a with_o man_n of_o caunterbury_n and_o benam_fw-la they_o that_o worship_n and_o worchype_v adulph_n bysshop_n of_o lychfelde_n with_o the_o archebysshop_n palle_v by_o assent_n of_o adryan_n the_o pope_n upon_o caa_v by_o yefte_n send_v netheles_o unâ—_n kenulph_n the_o king_n it_o be_v restore_v to_o caunterbury_n again_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o see_v of_o york_n have_v dure_v there_o always_o &_o dure_v yet_o though_o scotlonde_n be_v withdraw_v fro_o his_o subieccyon_n by_o pass_v of_o tyme._n ¶_o gir._n in_fw-la itinere_fw-la li._n i_o the_o archebysshoppe_n see_v be_v torn_v out_o of_o caerleon_n in_o to_o menevia_fw-la that_o be_v in_o the_o west_n side_n of_o demecia_fw-la upon_o the_o irysshe_n see_v in_o saint_n davyd_n time_n under_o king_n arthur_n from_o saint_n davyd_n time_n unto_o sampsons_n time_n be_v in_o menevia_fw-la twenty-three_o archebysshop_n afterward_o fylle_v a_o pestilence_n in_o all_o wales_n of_o the_o yelowe_n evyll_n that_o be_v call_v the_o jaundys_n and_o thenne_n samson_n the_o archebysshop_n take_v with_o he_o the_o palle_v and_o go_v in_o to_o brytayne_v armonica_n the_o lass_n brytayne_n and_o be_v there_o bysshop_n of_o dolensis_fw-la from_o that_o time_n unto_o the_o first_o henry_n time_n king_n of_o englonde_n be_v at_o menevia_fw-la which_o be_v call_v saint_n davyd_n xxi_o bysshoppe_n all_o without_o palle_v whether_o it_o be_v for_o unconning_a or_o for_o poverte_a netheles_o always_o from_o that_o time_n the_o bysshoppe_n of_o wales_n be_v sacred_a of_o the_o bysshop_n of_o menevia_fw-la of_o saint_n davyd_n and_o the_o bysshopp_n of_o menevia_fw-la be_v sacred_a of_o the_o bysshoppe_n of_o wales_n as_o of_o his_o suffrygan_n and_o make_v no_o professyonne_n subieccyon_n to_o none_o other_o church_n other_o bysshoppe_n that_o come_v afterward_o be_v sacred_a att_o caunterbury_n by_o compelling_n and_o heest_z of_o the_o king_n in_o token_n of_o that_o sacr_a and_o subiecconn_v boneface_v archebysshop_n of_o caunterbury_n that_o be_v legate_n of_o the_o cross_a song_n in_o every_o cathedral_n chirche_n of_o wales_n solempne_o amas_fw-la he_o be_v the_o first_o archebysshop_n of_o caunterbury_n y_fw-fr t_o so_o die_v in_o wales_n &_o that_o be_v do_v in_o the_o second_o henry_n tyme._n ¶_o r._n but_o now_o be_v but_o two_o prymate_n in_o all_o englonde_n of_o caunterbury_n &_o of_o york_n to_z y_z â—_o prymate_n of_o caunterbury_n ben_fw-mi subget_v xiij_o bysshop_n in_o englonde_n &_o iiij_o in_o wales_n the_o prymate_n of_o york_n have_v but_o two_o suffrygan_n in_o englonde_n y_fw-fr t_o ben_fw-mi the_o bysshop_n of_o caerleyll_n &_o of_o durham_n of_o all_o these_o see_v &_o change_a of_o her_o place_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o here_o follow_v take_v heed_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o holy_a chirche_n in_o englonde_n bysshop_n ordain_v their_o see_v in_o low_a place_n &_o simple_a y_fw-fr â—_o be_v covenable_a for_o contemplaconn_n for_o prayer_n &_o devocyon_n but_o in_o william_n conqueror_n time_n by_o do_v of_o law_n canon_n it_o be_v ordain_v y_o it_o bysshop_n shall_v come_v out_o of_o small_a town_n in_o to_o great_a cytee_n therefore_o be_v the_o see_v of_o dorchestre_n change_v to_o lyncoln_n lychfelde_v to_o chestre_n tetforde_n to_o norwyche_n shyrborn_v to_o salesbury_n welles_n to_o bath_n cornewayle_v to_o exestre_n &_o seleseye_n to_o chichestre_n the_o bysshop_n of_o rochestre_n have_v no_o parysshe_n but_o he_o be_v y_z e_z archebysshop_n chapelayn_v of_o caunterbury_n since_o the_o see_v of_o caunterbury_n be_v first_o ordain_v by_o saint_n austen_n
man_n kin_n ¶_o gaufr_n in_o vespasyan_a the_o emperor_n time_n when_o marius_n aruiragus_n soon_o be_v king_n of_o bryton_n one_o rodryk_n king_n of_o pyctes_n come_v out_o of_o scicia_fw-la &_o begin_v to_o destroy_v scotlonde_v thenne_fw-fr marius_n the_o king_n slay_v this_o rodryke_n &_o gaf_v the_o north_n party_n of_o scotlonde_n that_o heet_n cathenesia_n to_o the_o man_n that_o be_v come_v with_o rodryk_n &_o be_v overcome_v by_o he_o for_o to_o dwell_v â—nne_n but_o these_o man_n have_v no_o wyve_n ne_o none_o may_v have_v of_o the_o nacyon_n of_o bryton_n therefore_o they_o sayll_v in_o to_o irlonde_n &_o take_v to_o their_o wyve_n irysshman_n doughter_n by_o y_a to_o covenaunt_v y_z t_o the_o mother_n blood_n shall_v be_v put_v tofore_o in_o successyon_n of_o herytage_n ¶_o gir_n ca._n xvij_o netheles_o sirinus_n sup_v virgilium_fw-la say_v that_o pyctes_n be_v agatyrse_n that_o have_v some_o dwelling_n place_n about_o the_o water_n of_o scicia_fw-la &_o they_o be_v call_v pyctes_n of_o peynting_a &_o smyte_v of_o wound_n y_o it_o ben_fw-mi seen_v on_o her_o body_n so_o y_o t_o they_o seem_v as_o man_n be_v peynt_v with_o wound_n therefore_o they_o be_v call_v pyctes_n as_o peynted_a man_n these_o man_n &_o these_o goth_n be_v all_o one_o people_n for_o when_o maximus_n the_o tyrant_n be_v go_v out_o of_o brytayne_n in_o to_o france_n for_o to_o occupy_v the_o empire_n thenne_fw-fr gracianus_fw-la &_o valentinianus_n y_fw-fr t_o be_v brother_n &_o fellow_n of_o the_o empire_n bring_v these_o goth_n out_o of_o scicia_fw-la with_o great_a gift_n with_o flatter_a &_o fair_a behest_n in_o to_o y_fw-fr e_o north_n country_n of_o brytayne_n for_o they_o be_v stalworth_n &_o strong_a man_n of_o arm_n &_o so_o these_o thief_n &_o bryboâ—â—s_n be_v make_v man_n of_o land_n &_o of_o country_n &_o dwell_v in_o the_o north_n countree_n &_o hold_v there_o cytee_n &_o town_n ¶_o gaufre_n carancius_n the_o tyrant_n slay_v bassianus_n by_o help_n &_o treason_n of_o the_o pyctes_n y_fw-fr t_o come_v in_o help_n &_o socour_v of_o bassianus_n and_z gaf_a the_o pyctes_n a_o dwelling_n place_n in_o albania_n that_o be_v scotlonde_fw-fr there_o they_o dwell_v long_o time_n afterward_o &_o meddle_v with_o bryton_n ¶_o r._n thenne_n since_o y_fw-mi t_o pyctes_n occupy_v first_o the_o north_n side_n of_o scotlonde_n it_o seem_v y_o it_o the_o dwelling_n place_n y_o it_o this_o carancius_n gaf_a hem_n be_v the_o south_n side_n of_o scotlonde_n that_o stretch_v from_o the_o thwart_a over_o wall_n of_o romayn_v werke_n to_o the_o scottysshe_n see_v &_o contain_v gallewaye_o &_o lodovia_n y_o it_o be_v codewaye_o ¶_o thereof_o beda_n li._n iij._n ca._n ij_o speak_v in_o this_o manner_n ninian_n the_o holy_a man_n convert_v the_o south_n pyctes_n afterward_o the_o saxon_n come_v &_o make_v y_o t_o country_n long_o to_o brenicia_fw-la y_fw-es â—_o north_n party_n of_o northumberlonde_n unto_o the_o time_n that_o kynadius_n alpinus_n soon_o king_n of_o scotlonde_n put_v out_o the_o pyctes_n &_o make_v that_o country_n y_o it_o lie_v bytwene_v twede_o &_o the_o scottysshe_n see_v long_o to_o his_o kingdom_n ¶_o beda_n li._n i_o ca._n i_o afterward_o long_o time_n the_o scot_n be_v lead_v by_o duke_n renda_n &_o come_v out_o of_o irlonde_n y_fw-es â—_o be_v the_o proper_a country_n of_o scot_n &_o with_o love_n or_o with_o strength_n make_v they_o a_o place_n fast_o by_o the_o pyctes_n in_o the_o north_n side_n of_o that_o arm_n of_o the_o see_v that_z breke_v in_o to_o the_o land_n in_o the_o west_n side_n y_fw-fr â—_o depart_a in_o old_a time_n bytwene_v bryton_n &_o pyctes_n of_o this_o duke_n renda_n the_o scot_n have_v the_o name_n &_o be_v call_v dalrendine_n as_o it_o be_v rendaes_n part_n for_z in_o her_o speech_n a_o part_n be_v call_v dal_n ¶_o gir_n â—_o the_o pyctes_n may_v have_v no_o wyve_n of_o bryton_n but_z they_o take_v they_o wyve_n of_o irysshe_n scot_n &_o promise_v they_o fair_a for_o to_o dwell_v with_o they_o &_o grant_v they_o a_o land_n by_o the_o see_v side_n there_o the_o see_v be_v narowe_n that_o land_n be_v call_v now_o gallewaye_o marianus_n irysshe_n scottâ—_n lond_v at_o argayll_n that_o be_v scotten_v clyf_v for_o scot_n lond_v there_o for_o to_o do_v harm_n to_o the_o bryton_n or_z for_o that_o place_n be_v next_o to_o irlonde_n for_o to_o come_v a_o land_n in_o brytayne_n ¶_o beda_n and_o so_o the_o scot_n after_o the_o bryton_n and_o pyctes_n make_v y_o e_fw-la three_o peple_n dwell_v in_o brytayne_n ¶_o r._n thenne_n after_o that_o come_v the_o saxon_n atte_v prayenge_a of_o the_o bryton_n to_o help_v they_o against_o the_o scot_n &_o pyctes_n and_o the_o bryton_n be_v soon_o put_v out_o in_o to_o wales_n &_o saxon_n ocupy_v the_o land_n lytell_fw-mi &_o lytell_fw-mi and_o eft_o more_o to_o the_o scottysshe_n see_v and_o so_o saxon_n make_v the_o fourthe_a manner_n of_o man_n in_o the_o ylonde_n of_o brytayne_n ¶_o beda_n li._n v._o ca._n ix_o for_o saxon_n and_o angles_n come_v out_o of_o germania_n yet_o some_o bryton_n that_o dwellen_v nyghe_a callen_v hemshort_o germayn_v ¶_o r._n netheles_o about_o y_fw-fr â—_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n viij_o hondr_v egbertus_fw-la king_n of_o westsaxon_n command_v &_o have_v all_o man_n to_o call_v the_o man_n of_o the_o land_n englysshmen_n ¶_o alfre_n thenne_fw-fr after_o that_o y_fw-es â—_o dane_n pursue_v the_o land_n about_o a_o two_o hondr_v year_n that_o be_v for_o to_o say_v fro_o the_o foresaid_a egbertus_fw-la time_n unto_o saint_n edward_n time_n &_o make_v the_o fyfth_o manner_n of_o people_n in_o the_o ylonde_n but_z they_o fayll_v afterward_o at_o the_o last_o come_v norman_n under_o duke_n william_n &_o subdue_v englysshe_n man_n &_o yet_o keep_v they_o the_o land_n and_o they_o make_v the_o six_o people_n in_o the_o ylonde_n but_o in_o the_o first_o king_n hemrye_v time_n come_v many_o flemynge_n &_o receyve_v a_o dwelling_n place_n for_o a_o time_n beside_o maylro_n in_o the_o west_n side_n of_o englonde_n and_o make_v the_o seven_o people_n in_o the_o ylonde_n netheles_o by_o commandment_n of_o the_o same_o king_n they_o be_v put_v then_n &_o dryven_v to_o haverforde_n side_n in_o the_o west_n side_n of_o wales_n ¶_o r._n and_o so_o now_o in_o brytayne_n danes_n and_o pyctes_n fayllen_v all_o out_o &_o fyve_o nacyon_n dwellen_v therein_o that_o be_v scot_n in_o albania_n that_o be_v scotlonde_fw-fr bryton_n in_o cambria_n that_o be_v wales_n but_z that_o flemynge_n dwell_v in_o that_o be_v west_n wales_n and_o norman_n and_o englysshman_n be_v meddle_v in_o all_o the_o ylonde_fw-fr for_o it_o be_v now_o doubt_n in_o story_n how_o &_o in_o what_o manner_n they_o be_v put_v away_o and_o destroy_v out_o of_o brytayne_n now_o it_o be_v to_o declare_v how_o the_o pyctes_n be_v destroy_v and_o fayll_v ¶_o gir._n â—_o ca._n xvij_o brytayne_n be_v some_o time_n occupy_v with_o saxon_n &_o pea_n be_v make_v &_o stablyssh_v with_o the_o pyctes_n thenne_fw-fr the_o scot_n that_o come_v with_o the_o pyctes_n see_v that_o the_o pyctes_n be_v noble_a of_o dede_n &_o better_a man_n of_o arm_n though_o they_o be_v lass_n in_o nombre_fw-fr than_o the_o scot_n thenne_fw-fr the_o scot_n have_v thereof_o envy_v torn_v to_o their_o naturell_n treason_n that_o they_o have_v oft_o use_v for_o in_o treason_n they_o pass_v other_o man_n &_o be_v traitor_n as_o it_o be_v by_o kind_n for_z they_o pray_v all_o the_o pyctes_n &_o specyal_o the_o great_a of_o they_o to_o a_o fee_v and_o wait_v her_o time_n when_o the_o pyctes_n be_v merry_a and_o have_v well_o drink_v they_o draw_v up_o nail_n that_o hold_v up_o holowe_v bench_n under_o the_o pyctes_n &_o the_o pyctes_n unware_a and_o sudden_o fylle_v in_o over_o the_o ham_n in_o to_o a_o wonderful_a pytfalle_n thenne_fw-fr the_o scot_n fylle_v on_o the_o pyctes_n and_o slay_v they_o &_o leave_v hone_o alyve_a and_o so_o of_o two_o manner_n people_n the_o better_a warry_a we_o be_v hoâ—ly_o destroy_v but_o the_o other_o that_o be_v the_o scot_n which_o ben_fw-mi traitor_n all_o unlyke_a to_o the_o pyctes_n take_v prouffyte_n by_o that_o fall_v treason_n for_z they_o take_v all_o that_o land_n &_o hold_v it_o yet_o unto_o this_o time_n &_o call_v it_o scotlonde_v after_o her_o own_o name_n in_o king_n edgarê°_n time_n kynadiê°_n alpmus_n soon_o be_v duke_n &_o leder_n of_o the_o scot_n and_o war_v in_o pycte_v land_n &_o destroy_v the_o pyctes_n he_o war_v six_o scythe_n in_o saxon_n and_o take_v all_o the_o land_n y_fw-fr t_o be_v bytwene_v twede_n &_o the_o scottysshe_n see_v with_o wrong_n &_o with_o strengthe_n ¶_o of_o the_o langage_v of_o manner_n &_o usage_n of_o the_o people_n of_o that_o land_n ca._n xv_o as_o it_o be_v know_v how_o many_o
he_o will_v send_v she_o he_o to_o the_o low_a larherin_o with_o xu_o maiden_n &_o turgesius_n promise_v to_o mete_v there_o w_o t_o xu_o of_o the_o noble_a man_n that_o he_o have_v &_o hold_v covenaunt_n &_o think_v not_o gyle_v but_o there_o come_v xv_o young_a berdles_a man_n clothe_v like_o wymmen_fw-mi w_z t_o short_a sword_n under_o her_o clothes_n &_o fylle_v on_o turgesius_n &_o slay_v he_o right_a there_o &_o so_o he_o be_v traytours_o slay_v after_o he_o have_v regn_v thirty_o year_n not_o long_o after_o three_o brother_n amelanus_fw-la siracus_n &_o juorus_n come_v in_o to_o irlonde_n w_n t_o her_o man_n out_o of_o norway_n as_o it_o have_v be_v for_o love_n of_o pease_n &_o of_o marchaundyse_n &_o dwell_v by_o the_o see_v side_n by_o assent_n of_o irysshman_n that_o be_v always_o idle_a as_o paul_n knyghtê°_n &_o y_fw-fr e_fw-la norway_n build_v three_o cytee_n develyn_n waterforde_n &_o lymeryche_n &_o encrece_v &_o after_o wax_v rebel_n against_o man_n of_o that_o land_n &_o bring_v first_o sparthes_n in_a to_o irlonde_n so_o fro_o turgesius_n time_n unto_o roderyk_n time_n king_n of_o connacia_n that_o be_v you_o e_o last_v that_o be_v king_n of_o all_o the_o land_n be_v xvij_o king_n in_o irlonde_n and_o so_o the_o kyngê°_n that_o regn_v in_o irlonde_n from_o y_z e_z hermon_n time_n unto_o the_o last_o roderyk_v time_n be_v in_o all_o a_o c_o lxxxi_o kyngê°_n that_o be_v not_o crown_v neither_o enoynt_v ne_o by_o law_n of_o herytage_n but_z by_o may_v maystrye_n &_o strength_n of_o arm_n the_o second_o henry_n king_n of_o englonde_n make_v this_o roderyk_n subget_v the_o year_n of_o king_n henry_n age_n xl_o and_o of_o hit_v regne_fw-la xvij_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n xi_o hondr_v lxxij_o ¶_o of_o the_o condycyon_n and_o manner_n of_o irlonde_n ca._n xxvij_o solinus_n say_v that_o man_n of_o this_o land_n be_v strange_a of_o naconn_n houseles_o &_o great_a fyghter_n &_o acounte_v â—yght_n &_o wrong_v all_o tor_z one_o thing_n &_o ben_fw-mi syngle_a of_o clothing_n scarce_o of_o mete_v cruel_a of_o herte_n angry_a of_o speech_n &_o drynk_v first_o blood_n of_o deed_n man_n y_o â—_o been_v slay_v &_o then_o wesshen_v their_o visage_n therewith_o &_o hold_v they_o pay_v with_o t_o flesh_n &_o fruit_n in_o stead_n of_o meet_a &_o with_o milk_n in_o stead_n of_o drink_n &_o usen_a moche_n playenge_a idleness_n &_o hunt_a &_o travayll_v but_o lytell_a in_o their_o chilhode_n they_o be_v hard_o nouryssh_v &_o hard_o feed_v &_o they_o be_v unsemely_a of_o manner_n &_o of_o clothing_n &_o have_v breach_n &_o hose_n allone_n of_o wool_n &_o straight_o hode_n y_fw-es â—_o stretch_v a_o cubyte_v over_o the_o shoulder_n behind_o &_o foldynge_n in_o stead_n of_o mantle_n &_o of_o cloak_n also_o they_o use_v no_o sadel_n boot_n ne_o spur_n when_o they_o ride_v but_z they_o dryve_v their_o horse_n w_n t_o a_o chamber_v yerde_v in_o y_fw-es e_fw-es over_o end_n in_o stead_n of_o bytte_z w_z t_z trench_n &_o of_o bridle_v of_o ree_a they_o use_n bridle_v y_fw-fr â—_o let_v not_o their_o hois_n to_o eat_v their_o mete_v they_o fight_v unarm_v naked_a in_o body_n netheles_o which_o it_o two_o dart_n &_o spear_n &_o w_o t_o broad_a sparthes_n they_n fight_v with_o one_o honde_n these_o man_n forsake_v tylling_n of_o land_n &_o kepen_v pasture_n for_o bests_n they_o use_v long_o berde_n &_o long_a lock_n hang_a down_n behind_o her_o hede_n they_o use_v no_o craft_n of_o flax_n of_o wool_n of_o metal_n ne_z of_o marchaundyse_n but_o gyve_v they_o to_o idleness_n &_o to_o sloth_n &_o reken_fw-mi rest_n for_o like_n &_o freedom_n for_o riches_n and_o though_o scotlonde_v the_o daughter_n of_o irlonde_n use_v harp_n tymbre_v &_o tabor_n netheles_o irysshmen_n be_v cunning_a in_o two_o manner_n instrumentê_n of_o musyke_a in_o harp_n &_o tymbre_n y_o it_o be_v arm_v w_n t_o wire_n &_o strenge_n of_o brass_n in_o which_o instrument_n though_o they_o play_v hasty_o &_o swyfte_o they_o make_v right_a merry_a armonye_n &_o melody_n w_o t_o thick_a tewne_n werble_n &_o note_n &_o begin_v from_o bemoll_n &_o playen_v secret_o under_o dyme_n sow_v in_o the_o great_a strenge_n &_o tear_a ayene_n unto_o the_o same_o so_o y_z t_z the_o grette_v party_n of_o the_o craft_n hyde_v the_o craft_n as_o it_o will_v seem_v as_o though_o the_o craft_n so_o hide_v shall_v be_v ashamed_a if_o it_o be_v take_v these_o man_n be_v of_o evyll_n manner_n in_o her_o lyve_a they_o pay_v no_o tythyngê_n they_o wed_v lawful_o they_o spare_v not_o their_o alye_n but_o the_o brother_n wed_v the_o brother_n wyf_v they_o ben_fw-mi besy_n to_o betray_v her_o neighbour_n &_o other_o they_z bear_v sparthes_n in_o their_o ande_fw-mi in_o stead_n of_o staff_n &_o fight_n against_o they_o y_o it_o trust_v moost_n to_o they_o thief_z man_n ben_fw-mi varyable_a &_o unsteadfast_a trechour_n &_o gyleful_a who_o y_z t_z deal_v with_o they_o need_v more_o to_o beware_v of_o gyle_v than_o of_o craft_n of_o pease_n than_o of_o brenning_a brand_n of_o honey_n than_o of_o gall_n of_o malice_n than_o knyghthode_n they_o have_v such_o manner_n y_o it_o they_o ben_fw-mi not_o strong_a in_o war_n &_o in_o batayll_n ne_fw-la true_a in_o pease_n they_o become_v gossyb_n to_o they_o that_o they_o will_v false_o betray_v 〈◊〉_d gossybrede_n &_o holy_a kynrede_n eueryche_a drynk_v other_o blood_n when_o it_o be_v shed_v they_o love_n somdele_n her_o noryce_n &_o her_o playfer_n which_o y_o it_o souke_v the_o same_o milk_n that_o they_o souk_v while_o they_o be_v child_n and_o they_o pursue_v their_o brother_n their_o cousin_v and_z their_o other_o kin_n &_o despysen_v their_o kin_n while_o they_o live_v &_o avenge_v their_o death_n when_o they_o be_v slay_v so_o long_o have_v the_o usage_n of_o evil_a custom_n endure_v among_o they_o that_o it_o have_v goten_a the_o maystrye_n over_o they_o &_o torn_v treason_n in_o to_o kind_n so_o ferforth_o y_fw-mi it_o they_o ben_fw-mi traitor_n by_o nature_n and_o alyens_n &_o man_n of_o strange_a londe_n that_o dwell_v among_o they_o folowen_v their_o manner_n that_o un_v there_o be_v none_o but_o he_o be_v besmet_v with_o their_o treason_n also_o among_o they_o many_o man_n pyssen_v sytting_a &_o wymmen_v stand_v there_o be_v many_o man_n in_o that_o land_n foul_a shape_a in_o limb_n &_o in_o body_n for_z in_o their_o limb_n they_o lack_v the_o benefyce_n of_o kind_n so_o that_o nowhere_o be_v none_o better_o shape_v than_o they_o y_fw-fr t_o ben_fw-mi there_o well_o shape_a &_o none_o worse_a shape_a than_o they_o y_fw-fr t_o ben_fw-mi evil_a shape_v and_o skylful_o nature_n hurt_v &_o defoul_v by_o wickedness_n of_o lyve_v bring_v forth_o such_o foul_a groom_n &_o evyll_n shape_v of_o they_o that_o w_o t_o unlawful_a deling_n with_o foul_a manner_n &_o evyll_n lyve_v so_o wycked_o defoul_v kind_n &_o nature_n in_o this_o land_n &_o in_o wales_n old_a wyve_n &_o wymmen_fw-mi be_v wont_a &_o be_v yet_o as_o man_n say_v oft_o for_o to_o escape_v themselves_o in_o likeness_n of_o hare_n for_o to_o milk_n their_o neighbour_n cow_n &_o steel_n her_o milk_n &_o oft_o greyhounde_n rennen_n after_o they_o &_o poursewen_v they_o &_o wenen_fw-la that_o they_o be_v hare_n also_o some_o by_o craft_n of_o nygromancye_n maken_v fat_a swine_n for_o to_o be_v reed_n of_o colour_n &_o sell_v they_o in_o markette_n and_o feyre_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o these_o swine_n pass_v any_o water_n they_o tear_v in_o to_o their_o own_o kind_n whether_o it_o be_v straw_n hay_n grass_n or_o turf_n but_o these_o swine_n may_v not_o be_v keep_v by_o no_o craft_n for_o tendure_n in_o likeness_n of_o swine_n over_o three_o day_n among_o these_o wondres_n &_o other_o take_v heed_n that_o in_o the_o utterme_v end_n of_o the_o world_n fall_v oft_o new_a meruaylle_n &_o wondre_n as_o though_o kind_n play_v w_n to_o large_a love_n secret_o &_o far_o in_o thende_n than_o open_o &_o nyghe_a in_o the_o myddell_n therefore_o in_o this_o ylonde_n be_v many_o grisly_a wondres_n &_o meruaylle_n ¶_o of_o the_o meruaylle_n and_o wondre_n of_o irlonde_n ca._n xxviij_o many_o man_n tellen_v y_o it_o in_o the_o north_n side_n of_o irlonde_n be_v the_o land_n of_o lyf_v in_o that_o ylonde_a noman_n may_v dye_n but_o when_o they_o be_v old_a &_o be_v vex_v with_o it_o great_a sekenes_n they_o ben_fw-mi bear_v out_o in_o to_o the_o next_o land_n &_o dye_n there_o there_o be_v a_o other_o ylonde_n in_o irlonde_n that_o no_o woman_n therein_o may_v bear_v a_o child_n but_o yet_o she_o may_v conceyve_v also_o there_o be_v a_o ylonde_n in_o which_o no_o deed_n body_n may_v rot_a in_o ultonia_fw-la that_o be_v ulster_n be_v a_o ylonde_n in_o a_o lake_n wonder_o depart_v in_o tweyne_n
manner_n of_o people_n be_v in_o this_o ylonde_n there_o ben_fw-mi also_o so_o many_o langage_v &_o tongue_n netheles_o walsshe_n &_o scot_n y_o it_o ben_fw-mi not_o meddle_v with_o other_o nacyon_n keep_v nyghe_a yet_o their_o langage_fw-fr &_o speech_n but_o yet_o the_o scot_n y_o it_o be_v sometime_o confederate_a &_o dwell_v with_o pyctes_n draw_v somewhat_o after_o their_o speech_n but_o the_o flemynge_n y_o it_o dwell_v in_o the_o west_n side_n of_o wales_n have_v leave_v her_o strange_a speech_n &_o speak_v like_a to_o saxon_n also_o englysshman_n though_o they_o have_v fro_o the_o beginning_a three_o manner_n speech_n southern_a northern_a &_o myddell_a speech_n in_o the_o myddell_n of_o the_o land_n as_o they_o come_v of_o three_o manner_n of_o people_n of_o germania_n netheles_o by_o commixion_n &_o meddle_v first_o with_o dane_n &_o afterward_o with_o norman_n in_o many_o thing_n the_o country_n langage_fw-fr be_v appayr_v for_o some_o use_v strange_a wlaff_v chyter_a har_a gar_a &_o grysbyte_v this_o apayr_a of_o y_fw-es â—_o langage_fw-fr come_v of_o two_o thing_n one_o by_o cause_v that_o child_n y_o it_o go_v to_o school_n learn_v to_o speak_v first_o enlysshe_n &_o than_o be_v compel_v to_o constrewe_v her_o lesson_n in_o frensshe_n &_o that_o have_v ben_fw-mi use_v sin_v the_o norman_n come_v in_o to_o englonde_n also_o gentylmens_n child_n be_v learn_v &_o teach_v from_o their_o yongth_v to_o speak_v frensshe_n &_o up_o londesshman_n will_v counterfete_v &_o liken_v they_o self_n to_o gentylman_n &_o arn_v besy_n to_o speak_v frensshe_n for_o to_o be_v more_o set_v by_o wherefore_o it_o be_v say_v by_o a_o comyn_v proverb_n jack_n will_v be_v a_o gentylman_n if_o he_o coude_fw-fr speak_v frensshe_v ¶_o trevisa_fw-la this_o be_v moche_o use_v to_o for_o the_o great_a death_n but_o since_o it_o be_v sum_z le_z change_a for_o sir_n johan_n cornewayle_v a_o master_n of_o grammar_n change_v the_o teching_n of_o grammar_n school_n &_o construction_n of_o frensshe_n in_o to_o englysshe_n and_o other_o school_n master_n use_v the_o same_o way_n now_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n a._n m._n ccc..lxxxu.the_o ix_o year_n of_o king_n rycharde_n the_o second_o &_o leave_v all_o frensshe_n in_o scole_n &_o use_v all_o construcconn_n in_o englysshe_n wherein_o they_o have_v avauntage_n one_o way_n that_o be_v y_fw-fr t_o they_o learn_v the_o soon_o their_o grammar_n &_o in_o a_o other_o dysavauntage_n for_o now_o they_o learn_v no_o frensshe_n ne_o can_v none_o which_o be_v hurt_v for_o they_o that_o shall_v pass_v the_o see_v and_o also_o gentylman_n have_v moche_v leave_v to_o teach_v their_o child_n to_o speak_v frensshe_n ¶_o r._n hit_v seem_v a_o great_a wonder_n y_fw-fr t_o englysshmen_n have_v so_o great_a dyversyte_n in_o their_o own_o langage_fw-fr in_o sow_v &_o in_o speak_v of_o it_o which_o be_v all_o in_o one_o ylonde_n and_o the_o langage_fw-fr of_o normandye_n be_v come_fw-mi out_o of_o a_o other_o land_n &_o have_v one_o manner_n sow_v among_o all_o they_o that_o speak_v it_o in_o englonde_n for_o a_o man_n of_o kente_n southern_a western_a &_o northern_a man_n speak_v frensshe_v all_o like_a in_o swoon_n &_o speech_n but_z they_o can_v not_o speak_v their_o englysshe_n â—oo_o ¶_o trevisa_fw-la netheles_o there_o be_v as_o many_o dyverse_a manner_n of_o frensshe_n in_o the_o ream_n of_o france_n as_o dyverse_a englyssh_n in_o the_o ream_n of_o englonde_n ¶_o r._n also_o of_o the_o foresaid_a tongue_n which_o be_v depart_v in_o three_o be_v great_a wonder_v for_o man_n of_o the_o cest_fw-fr with_o man_n of_o the_o west_n accord_v better_a in_o swoon_v of_o their_o speech_n than_o man_n of_o the_o north_n w_o t_o man_n of_o the_o south_n therefore_o it_o be_v y_z t_z man_n of_o merâ—â—_n that_o be_v of_o myddell_n englonde_n as_o it_o be_v partyner_n with_o the_o end_n understande_v better_a the_o side_n langage_v northern_a and_o southern_a than_o northern_a &_o southern_a understande_v either_o other_o ¶_o wilhel_n de_fw-fr upon_o li._n iij._n all_o the_o langage_v of_o the_o northum_n bres_fw-fr &_o specyal_o at_o york_n be_v so_o sharp_a shytting_a froting_a &_o unshappe_n that_o we_o southern_a man_n may_v un_v understande_v that_o langage_fw-fr i_o suppose_v the_o cause_n be_v you_o â—_o they_o be_v nyghe_a to_o the_o alyens_n that_o speak_v strange_o and_o also_o by_o cause_n that_o the_o kyngê_n of_o englonde_n abide_v &_o dwell_v more_o in_o the_o south_n country_n than_o in_o the_o north_n country_n the_o cause_n why_o they_o abide_v more_o in_o the_o south_n country_n than_o in_o the_o north_n country_n is_z by_o cause_n y_z t_o theridamas_n be_v better_a corn_n land_v more_o people_n moo_o noble_a cytee_n &_o moo_o profitable_a haven_n in_o the_o south_n country_n than_o in_o the_o north_n ¶_o de_n gentis_fw-la huius_fw-la moribus_fw-la ¶_o gir._n in_fw-la itinere_fw-la for_o the_o manner_n &_o the_o do_v of_o walsshe_a man_n &_o of_o scot_n be_v tofore_o somewhat_o declare_v now_o i_o purpose_v to_o tell_v &_o declare_v the_o manner_n and_o condycyon_n of_o the_o meddle_v people_n of_o englonde_n but_o the_o flemynge_n that_o ben_fw-mi in_o the_o west_n side_n of_o wales_n be_v now_o all_o torned_a as_o they_o be_v englysshman_n by_o cause_n they_o company_n with_o englysshe_n man_n and_o they_o be_v mighty_a &_o strong_a to_o fight_v &_o ben_fw-mi the_o moost_n enemy_n that_o walsshman_n have_v and_o use_v marchaundyse_n &_o clothing_n and_o be_v full_a ready_a to_o put_v themselves_o in_o aventure_n &_o to_o peryll_n in_o the_o see_v and_o land_n by_o cause_n of_o great_a wynnyuge_a &_o ben_fw-mi ready_a sometime_o in_o the_o plough_n and_o sometime_o to_o oedes_o of_o arm_n when_o time_n &_o place_n ax_v it_o seem_v of_o these_o man_n a_o great_a wonder_n that_o in_o a_o bone_n of_o a_o wether_n right_a shoulder_v when_o the_o flesh_n be_v sudden_a a_o way_n &_o not_o roast_v they_o know_v what_o have_v be_v do_v be_v do_v &_o shall_v be_v do_v as_o it_o be_v by_o spirit_n of_o prophesy_v &_o a_o wonderful_a craft_n they_o tell_v what_o be_v do_v in_o far_o countree_n tokenes_n of_o pease_n or_o of_o war_n the_o state_n of_o the_o royame_n sle_v of_o man_n &_o spousebreche_o such_o thing_n they_o declare_v certain_o of_o tokenes_n and_o sign_n that_o be_v in_o such_o a_o shoulder_v bone_n ¶_o r._n but_o the_o englysshman_n y_o it_o dwell_v in_o englonde_n be_v meddle_v in_o the_o ylonde_n &_o be_v far_o from_o the_o place_n y_z t_z they_o spring_v of_o first_o tornen_fw-ge to_o contrary_a dede_n lyght_o without_o entice_v of_o any_o other_o man_n by_o her_o own_o assent_n and_o so_o unesy_v also_o full_a unpacyent_a of_o pease_n enemy_n of_o besyne_n &_o full_a of_o slouthe_n ¶_o wilhel_n de_fw-mi upon_o li._n iij._n say_v that_o when_o they_o have_v destroy_v her_o enemy_n all_o to_o the_o ground_n thenne_fw-fr they_o fyghten_v with_o they_o self_n &_o slee_v each_o other_o as_o a_o void_a and_o a_o empty_a stomach_n werk_v in_o hit_v self_n ¶_o r._n netheles_o man_n of_o the_o south_n ben_fw-mi eâ—yer_n &_o more_o mild_a than_o man_n of_o the_o north_n for_o they_o be_v more_o unstable_a more_o cruel_a &_o more_o unesy_n the_o myddel_n man_n be_v somdele_n partner_n with_o both_o also_o they_o use_v they_o to_o glotony_n more_o than_o other_o man_n &_o be_v more_o costle_n we_o in_o meet_a and_o clothing_n man_n suppose_v you_o to_o they_o take_v that_o vice_n of_o king_n hardeknot_n that_o be_v a_o dane_n for_o he_o heet_n set_v forth_o twye_n double_a mess_n at_o dyner_n &_o at_o souper_n also_o these_o man_n be_v spedefull_a on_o horse_n and_o a_o foot_n able_a and_o ready_a to_o all_o manner_n dede_n of_o arm_n and_o be_v wont_a to_o have_v vyctory_n &_o maystrye_n in_o every_o fight_n where_o no_o treason_n be_v walk_v and_o ben_fw-mi curyous_a &_o can_v well_o tell_v dede_n and_o wondre_n that_o they_o have_v seen_v also_o they_o go_v in_o dyverse_a londe_n unnethe_v be_v any_o man_n rycher_n in_o her_o own_o land_n or_o more_o gracious_a in_o far_o &_o in_o strange_a land_n they_z can_v better_o win_v and_o gete_v new_a than_o keep_v she_o own_o herytage_n therefore_o it_o be_v that_o they_o be_v spradde_a so_o wide_o &_o ween_v that_o every_o land_n be_v their_o own_o the_o man_n be_v able_a to_o all_o manner_n sleight_n &_o wit_n but_o tofore_o the_o dede_v blonder_v &_o hasty_a and_o more_o wise_a after_o the_o deed_n than_o tofore_o &_o leven_v of_o lyght_o what_o they_o have_v begin_v ¶_o solinus_n li._n vi_fw-mi therefore_o eugeniê_n the_o pope_n say_v that_o englysshman_n be_v able_a to_o do_v what_o ever_o they_o will_v and_o to_o be_v set_v &_o put_v tofore_o all_o other_o ne_z be_v y_z t_z light_v wit_n let_v and_o as_o hanyball_n say_v that_o
the_o romayus_n may_v not_o be_v overcome_v but_o in_o her_o own_o country_n so_o englysshmen_n may_v not_o be_v overcome_v in_o strange_a londe_n but_z in_o her_o own_o country_n they_o be_v lyght_o overcome_v ¶_o r._n these_o man_n despysen_v she_o own_o &_o praise_v other_o mennys_n and_o unnethe_v be_v please_v never_o pay_v with_o their_o own_o astate_n what_o befall_v &_o become_v other_o man_n they_o will_v glad_o take_v to_o hemself_n therefore_o it_o be_v that_o a_o yeman_n aray_v he_o as_o a_o squire_n a_o squire_n as_o a_o knight_n a_o knight_n as_o a_o duke_n a_o duke_n as_o a_o king_n yet_o some_o go_v about_o &_o will_v be_v like_a to_o all_o manner_n state_n &_o be_v in_o no_o state_n for_o they_o take_v every_o degree_n that_o be_v of_o no_o degree_n for_z in_o bere_v outward_a they_o be_v mynstral_n and_o herowde_n in_o talk_v great_a speker_n in_o et_v &_o drynk_v gloton_n in_o gadere_v of_o cattle_n huckster_n and_o taverner_n in_o array_n tormentor_n in_o wynnynge_n argi_fw-la in_o travayll_n tantali_fw-la in_o take_v heed_n dedaly_a in_o bed_n sardanapali_a in_o chirches_n mawmete_n in_o court_n thunder_v oon_o in_o prevy_n lege_fw-la of_o clergye_n and_o in_o prebend_n they_o knowleche_v hemself_n clerk_n ¶_o trevisa_fw-la as_o touching_n the_o term_n of_o latyn_a as_o argi_fw-la tantaly_fw-fr dedaly_fw-fr sardanapaly_fw-fr you_o must_v understonde_v they_o as_o the_o poete_n feign_v of_o they_o argus_n be_v a_o herd_n and_o keep_v bests_n he_o have_v a_o hondred_a eye_n and_o argus_n be_v also_o a_o ship_n a_o shipman_n and_o a_o chapman_n and_o so_o argus_n may_v see_v before_o &_o behind_o &_o on_o every_o side_n therefore_o he_o that_o be_v wise_a and_o ware_n and_o can_v see_v that_o he_o be_v not_o deceyve_v may_v be_v call_v argus_n and_o so_o the_o cronycle_n say_v in_o plurell_n nombre_fw-fr that_o englysshman_n ben_fw-mi argi_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v they_o see_v about_o where_o as_o wynning_a be_v that_o other_o word_n tantali_fw-la the_o poet_n feyn_v that_o tantalus_n fly_v his_o own_o soon_o wherefore_o he_o be_v damn_a to_o perpetuell_a penance_n and_o he_o stand_v always_o in_o water_n up_o to_o the_o nether_a lyppe_n and_o have_v always_o type_n apple_n and_o noble_a fruit_n hang_a down_o to_o the_o overlyppe_n but_o the_o fruit_n ne_fw-fr the_o water_n may_v not_o come_v within_o his_o mouth_n he_z be_v so_o hold_v and_o stand_v bytwene_v meet_a and_o drink_v and_o may_v neither_o etene_a drink_n and_o be_v ever_o a_o hongred_a &_o a_o thirst_n that_o woe_n be_v he_o a_o live_v by_o this_o manner_n likeness_n of_o tantalus_n they_o that_o do_v right_a nought_o there_o as_o moche_n be_v to_o do_v in_o every_o side_n be_v call_v tantali_fw-la it_o seem_v that_o it_o be_v to_o say_v in_o travayll_v they_o be_v tantali_fw-la for_z they_o do_v right_a nought_o thereto_o the_o three_o word_n be_v dedali_fw-la take_v heed_n that_o dedalus_n be_v a_o subtyll_a and_o a_o sly_a man_n and_o therefore_o by_o likeness_n they_o that_o be_v subtyll_o and_o sly_a they_o be_v call_v dedali_fw-la and_o the_o four_o word_n be_v sardanapali_fw-la you_o shall_v understande_v that_o sardanapalus_n be_v king_n of_o assyryens_n and_o be_v full_a unchaste_a and_o use_v he_o for_o to_o lie_v soft_a and_o by_o a_o manner_n of_o likeness_n of_o he_o they_o that_o live_v unchast_o be_v call_v sardanapali_fw-la ¶_o r._n but_o among_o all_o englysshe_n meddle_v togyder_n be_v so_o great_a a_o change_a and_o dyversyte_n of_o clothing_n and_o of_o array_n and_o so_o many_o manner_n and_o dyverse_a shappe_n that_o well_o nyghe_a be_v there_o any_o man_n know_v by_o his_o clothing_n and_o his_o array_n of_o what_o some_o ever_o degree_n that_o he_o be_v thereof_o prophesy_v a_o holy_a anchor_n in_o king_n egelfredes_fw-la time_n in_o this_o manner_n henri_fw-fr li._n vi_fw-la englysshman_n for_o as_o moche_v as_o they_o use_v they_o to_o dronkelewnes_fw-mi to_o treason_n and_o to_o rechelesnesse_n of_o god_n house_n first_o by_o dane_n and_o thenne_n by_o norman_n and_z at_o the_o three_o time_n by_o the_o scot_n that_o they_o hold_v the_o moost_n wretch_n and_o lest_o worth_a of_o all_o other_o they_o shall_v be_v overcome_v thenne_fw-fr the_o world_n shall_v be_v so_o unstable_a and_o so_o dyverse_a and_o varyable_a that_o the_o unstableness_n of_o thought_n shall_v be_v bytokened_a by_o many_o manner_n dyversytee_n of_o clothing_n ¶_o here_o follow_v the_o descrypcyon_n of_o the_o land_n of_o wales_n ¶_o of_o the_o land_n of_o wales_n ca._n xuj_o now_o this_o book_n take_v on_o honde_a wales_n after_o englonde_n so_o take_v i_o my_o tale_n and_o wend_v in_o to_o wales_n to_o that_o noble_a blood_n of_o pryamus_fw-la blood_n ernowleche_n for_o to_o win_v of_o great_a jupyter_n kin_n for_o to_o have_v in_o mind_n dardanus_n kind_n in_o these_o four_o title_n i_o fond_a to_o tell_v thestate_a of_o that_o land_n cause_n of_o the_o man_n i_o shall_v tell_v and_o then_o praise_v the_o land_n and_o welle_v then_o i_o shall_v write_v with_o my_o pen_n all_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o man_n thenne_n i_o shall_v fond_a te_fw-la tell_v merueylle_n of_o the_o land_n ¶_o of_o the_o name_n and_o why_o it_o be_v name_v wales_n ca._n xvij_o wales_n now_o be_v call_v wallia_fw-la and_o sometime_o it_o heet_n cambria_n for_o camber_a brute_n soon_o be_v prince_n and_o there_o die_v win_v thenne_n wallia_fw-la be_v to_o mean_n for_o gwalaes_n the_o queen_n king_n ebrancus_n child_n be_v wed_v thyder_o mild_a and_o of_o that_o lord_n gwalon_n withdraw_v of_o the_o sound_n and_o put_v to_o l._n i._n a._n and_o thou_o shall_v find_v wallia_fw-la and_o though_o this_o land_n be_v moche_n less_o than_o englonde_n as_o good_a glebe_n be_v one_o as_o other_o in_o the_o daughter_n as_o in_o the_o mother_n ¶_o of_o the_o commodytee_n of_o the_o land_n of_o wales_n ca._n xviij_o though_o that_o land_n be_v luyte_o it_o be_v full_a of_o corn_n &_o of_o fruit_n and_o have_v great_a plente_a ywy_n of_o flesh_n and_o eke_o of_o fysshe_n of_o beeste_n tame_a and_o wild_a of_o horse_n sheep_n ox_n mild_a good_a land_n for_o all_o sedes_fw-la for_o corn_n grass_n and_o herb_n that_o sprede_n there_o be_v wood_n and_o mede_n herb_n and_o flower_n there_o sprede_n there_o be_v river_n and_o well_n valley_n and_o also_o hill_n valley_n bring_v forth_o flode_v and_o hill_n metal_n good_a cooll_n grow_v under_o land_n and_o grass_n above_o atte_a honde_n there_o lime_n be_v copyous_a and_o slatte_n for_o house_n hony_n and_o milk_n white_a there_o be_v deynte_n and_o not_o light_v of_o braket_n meet_v and_o ale_n be_v great_a plente_a in_o that_o vale_n and_o all_o that_o need_v to_o the_o live_v that_o land_n bring_v forth_o ryve_v but_o of_o great_a riches_n to_o be_v draw_v and_o close_v many_o in_o short_a see_v hit_v be_v a_o corner_n small_a as_o though_o god_n first_o of_o all_o make_v that_o land_n so_o feel_v to_o be_v selere_n of_o all_o heel_n wales_n be_v dele_v by_o a_o water_n that_o heet_n twy_a north_n wales_n from_o the_o south_n twy_n deal_v in_o place_n full_a couth_a the_o south_n heet_n demecia_fw-la and_o the_o other_o venedocia_fw-la the_o first_o shote_v and_o arrow_n bere_n that_o other_o deal_v all_o with_o spear_n in_o wales_n how_o it_o be_v be_v sometime_o court_n three_o at_o carmerthyn_n be_v that_o one_o and_o that_o other_o be_v in_o moon_n the_o three_o be_v in_o powysy_n in_o pegwern_n y_fw-fr t_o now_o be_v shrowesbury_n there_o be_v bysshop_n seven_o and_o now_o be_v four_o even_o under_o saxon_n all_o atte_a honde_n sometime_o under_o prince_n of_o that_o land_n ¶_o of_o the_o manner_n and_o rite_n of_o the_o walsshman_n ca._n nineteeen_o the_o manner_n lyve_v of_o y_z t_z land_n be_v well_o dyverse_a from_o englonde_n in_o meet_a and_o drink_v and_o clothing_n and_o may_v other_o do_v they_o be_v clothe_v wondre_fw-fr well_n in_o a_o shyrte_n and_o in_o a_o mantel_n a_o cryspe_fw-fr breach_n well_o fain_o both_o in_o wound_n and_o rain_n in_o this_o clothing_n they_o be_v bold_a though_o the_o weder_n be_v right_a cold_n without_o sheet_n always_o evermore_o in_o this_o array_n they_o go_v fight_v play_n and_o lepe_v stand_v sytte_n lie_v and_o sleep_v without_o surcot_n gown_n cote_n &_o kyrtell_n without_o jopen_fw-mi tabard_n clok_n or_o bell_n without_o lace_n &_o chaplet_n that_o her_o lap_n without_o hod_z hat_n or_o cap_n thus_o array_v go_v the_o sedge_n and_o always_o with_o bare_a leg_n they_o keep_v none_o other_o go_v though_o they_o meet_v with_o the_o king_n with_o arrow_n and_o short_a spear_n they_o fight_v with_o they_o y_z t_z them_z dere_n they_o fight_v better_o if_o they_o neden_fw-mi when_o they_o go_v than_o when_o they_o ride_v in_o stead_n of_o castle_n and_o
of_o the_o purgatorye_n w_o t_o processyon_n &_o letanye_a &_o yet_o he_o shall_v be_v counseyl_v to_o leave_v it_o &_o if_o he_o be_v steadfast_a &_o will_n entre_fw-fr the_o door_n shall_v be_v open_v &_o he_o blessyd_v &_o go_v in_o on_o god_n name_n &_o hold_v forth_o his_o way_n &_o the_o door_n shall_v be_v fast_o shette_v till_o the_o next_o day_n and_o when_o the_o time_n be_v the_o pryour_fw-mi shall_v come_v &_o opene_n the_o door_n &_o if_o the_o man_n be_v come_fw-mi he_o lede_v he_o in_o to_o the_o chirche_n with_o processyon_n &_o there_o he_o shall_v be_v xu_o day_n in_o pryer_n &_o fast_a ¶_o of_o the_o meruaylle_n of_o saint_n of_o irlonde_n ca._n xxix_o here_o giraldus_n make_v mind_n that_o as_o man_n of_o this_o nacyon_n be_v more_o angry_a than_o other_o man_n and_o more_o hasty_a for_o to_o take_v wretch_n while_o they_o be_v a_o live_v so_o saint_n and_o hallow_n of_o this_o land_n be_v more_o wretchefull_a than_o saint_n of_o other_o londe_n clerk_n of_o this_o land_n be_v chaste_a &_o sayen_v many_o prayer_n &_o do_v great_a abstynence_n a_o day_n &_o drynk_v all_o night_n so_o be_v account_v for_o a_o miracle_n that_o lechery_n regn_v not_o there_o as_o wine_n regn_v &_o they_o that_o ben_fw-mi evyll_n of_o they_o ben_fw-mi worst_a of_o all_o other_o so_o good_a man_n among_o they_o though_o they_o be_v but_o few_o be_v good_a at_o the_o best_a prelate_n of_o that_o country_n ben_fw-mi full_a slow_a in_o correccyon_n of_o trespass_n &_o besy_n in_o contemplacyon_n &_o not_o in_o preaching_n of_o god_n word_n therefore_o it_o be_v you_o â—_o all_o the_o sayntê_n of_o y_fw-fr t_o land_n be_v confessor_n &_o no_o martyr_n among_o they_o &_o no_o wonder_n for_o all_o the_o prelate_n of_o this_o land_n be_v choose_v out_o of_o abbaye_v in_o to_o the_o clergye_n &_o do_v as_o monk_n shall_v what_o clerk_n &_o prelatê_n â—_o shall_v do_v be_v to_o they_o unknowen_a therefore_o when_o it_o be_v put_v against_o the_o bysshop_n of_o cassyll_n how_o it_o may_v be_v y_o it_o so_o many_o saint_n be_v in_o irlonde_n &_o never_o a_o martyr_n among_o they_o all_o sythen_a that_o the_o man_n ben_fw-mi so_o shrew_v &_o so_o angry_a &_o the_o prelate_n so_o recheles_a &_o â—â—owe_a in_o correcconn_n of_o trespass_n the_o bysshop_n answer_v froward_o enough_o &_o say_v our_o man_n be_v shrew_v &_o angry_a enough_o to_o themselves_o but_z to_o god_n servant_n they_o leye_n never_o honde_v but_o do_v they_o great_a reverence_n &_o worship_n but_o englyssh_n man_n come_v in_o to_o this_o land_n y_fw-fr â—_o can_v make_v martyr_n and_o be_v wont_a to_o use_v that_o craft_n ¶_o r._n the_o bysshop_n say_v so_o because_o y_fw-mi â—_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o be_v though_o new_a come_fw-mi in_o to_o irlonde_n fressh_o after_o the_o martyrdom_n of_o saint_n thomas_n of_o caunterbury_n ¶_o gir._n in_o this_o 〈◊〉_d in_o wales_n and_o in_o scotlonde_fw-fr ben_fw-mi beâ—â—es_n &_o sâ—aves_n with_o crooked_a hede_n and_o other_o such_o thing_n for_o relyque_n in_o great_a reverence_n &_o worship_n so_o that_o man_n of_o this_o land_n droden_v more_o for_o to_o swear_v up_o on_o one_o of_o thilk_o bell_n &_o gold_n staff_n than_o upon_o the_o gospel_n the_o chyef_n of_o all_o such_o relyques_n be_v hold_v ihus_fw-la staff_n that_o be_v at_o develyn_n with_o the_o which_o staff_n they_o say_v that_o the_o first_o saint_n patryk_fw-mi drofe_n the_o worm_n out_o of_o irlonde_n ¶_o augê_n de_fw-fr ci_fw-fr dei_fw-la ca._n seven_o if_o man_n axe_n how_o it_o may_v be_v y_z t_z dyverse_a manner_n bests_n &_o of_o dyverse_a kind_n that_o be_v kind_o goten_a bytwene_n male_a &_o female_n come_v and_o be_v in_o ylonde_n after_o noes_n flood_n man_n supposen_v that_o such_o beeste_n swim_v in_o to_o ylonde_n about_o and_z first_o to_o the_o next_o &_o so_o forth_o in_o to_o other_o or_o else_o man_n saylling_n in_o to_o ylonde_n bring_v with_o they_o such_o beeste_n for_o love_n of_o hunt_v or_o angel_n at_o god_n almyghtye_n commandment_n bring_v such_o beeste_n in_o to_o ylonde_n about_o or_z the_o earth_n bring_v they_o forth_o first_o &_o fulfyl_v though_o god_n commandment_n that_o command_v the_o earth_n to_o bring_v forth_o grass_n &_o quick_o beeste_n ¶_o here_o end_v the_o descrypcyon_n of_o brytayne_n the_o which_o contain_v englonde_n wales_n and_o scotlonde_fw-fr and_o also_o by_o cause_n irlonde_n be_v under_o the_o rule_n of_o englonde_n &_o of_o old_a time_n it_o have_v so_o continue_v therefore_o i_o have_v set_v the_o desrypcyon_n of_o the_o same_o after_o the_o say_v brytayne_v which_o i_o have_v take_v out_o of_o polycronycon_n and_o by_o cause_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o all_o englysshman_n to_o know_v 〈◊〉_d propretee_n commodytee_n and_o marvel_v of_o they_o therefore_o i_o williain_v 〈◊〉_d have_v they_o set_v first_o in_o enprynte_n 〈…〉_o to_o the_o 〈…〉_o 〈◊〉_d which_o atte_a request_n of_o the_o lord_n barkeley_n translate_v the_o book_n of_o polycronycon_n in_o to_o englysshe_n ¶_o fynysshed_a and_o enprynt_v at_o westmestre_n by_o i_o wynken_a the_o word_n the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n a_o m_o cccc_o and_o four_o score_n and_o xviij_o