hereupon_o it_o will_v not_o be_v much_o devious_a or_o out_o of_o the_o way_n to_o make_v some_o mention_n of_o those_o fashion_n which_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o seal_v and_o subscribe_v of_o deed_n have_v be_v ancient_o use_v by_o our_o ancestor_n some_o report_n that_o the_o saxon_n in_o their_o time_n before_o the_o conquest_n use_v to_o subscribe_v their_o name_n to_o their_o deed_n add_v the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n and_o set_v down_o in_o the_o end_n the_o name_n of_o certain_a witness_n without_o any_o kind_n of_o seal_v at_o all_o but_o when_o the_o norman_n come_v in_o as_o man_n love_v their_o own_o country_n guise_n they_o per_fw-la petit_fw-la &_o petit_fw-la change_v that_o custom_n as_o also_o many_o other_o which_o they_o find_v here_o and_o ingulphus_n who_o be_v make_v abbot_n of_o croyland_n in_o a_o dom_n 1075._o seem_v to_o confirm_v this_o opinion_n in_o these_o word_n normanni_n cheirographorum_fw-la confectionem_fw-la cum_fw-la crucibus_fw-la aureis_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la signaculis_fw-la sacris_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it firmari_fw-la solitam_fw-la in_fw-la cera_fw-la impressa_fw-la mutant_fw-la yet_o i_o have_v read_v of_o a_o seal_a charter_n in_o england_n before_o the_o conquest_n namely_o that_o of_o st._n ed._n make_v to_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n yet_o sure_o this_o do_v not_o altogether_o repugn_v that_o which_o have_v be_v former_o say_v for_o i_o have_v see_v in_o master_n fabian_n chronicle_n and_o elsewhere_o that_o saint_n ed._n be_v educate_v in_o normandy_n and_o it_o be_v not_o unlikely_a but_o he_o may_v in_o some_o thing_n incline_v to_o their_o fashion_n the_o frenchman_n have_v a_o proverb_n rome_n n'a_fw-fr este_fw-la bastie_n tout_fw-fr en_fw-fr un_fw-fr jour_fw-fr and_o we_o in_o england_n use_v the_o same_o namely_o rome_n be_v not_o build_v in_o one_o day_n so_o it_o can_v be_v conceive_v that_o the_o norman_n in_o a_o instnat_fw-la do_v alter_v the_o saxon_a custom_n whole_o in_o this_o particular_a but_o that_o it_o do_v change_v by_o degree_n and_o perhaps_o at_o the_o first_o the_o king_n and_o some_o nigh_o unto_o and_o about_o he_o do_v use_v the_o impression_n of_o a_o seal_n which_o i_o be_o somewhat_o persuade_v to_o believe_v from_o a_o certain_a story_n which_o i_o have_v hear_v concern_v richard_n de_fw-fr lucy_n chief_a justice_n of_o england_n who_o in_o the_o time_n of_o h._n 2._o be_v say_v to_o have_v chide_v a_o ordinary_a man_n because_o he_o have_v seal_v a_o deed_n with_o a_o private_a seal_n quant_fw-fr ceopertaine_v all_o roy_fw-fr &_o nobility_n solement_n in_o the_o day_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o seal_v and_o seal_n be_v very_o usual_a among_o all_o man_n for_o proof_n whereof_o i_o need_v not_o produce_v any_o other_o testimony_n but_o the_o deed_n themselves_o whereof_o almost_o every_o man_n have_v some_o but_o i_o must_v remember_v that_o sir_n ed._n coke_n in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o his_o institutes_n foe_n 7._o a._n seem_v to_o overthrow_v the_o former_a opinion_n about_o the_o first_o use_v of_o seal_n in_o england_n the_o seal_n of_o charter_n and_o deed_n say_v he_o be_v much_o more_o ancient_a than_o some_o have_v imagine_v for_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n edwin_n brother_n of_o king_n edgar_n bearing_z date_n a_o dom_n 956._o make_v of_o the_o land_n call_v jecklea_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n be_v not_o only_o seal_v with_o his_o own_o seal_n which_o appear_v by_o these_o word_n ego_fw-la edwinus_fw-la gratia_fw-la dei_fw-la totius_fw-la britannicae_n telluris_fw-la rex_fw-la meum_fw-la donum_fw-la proprio_fw-la figillo_fw-la confirmavi_fw-la but_o also_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n put_v to_o his_o seal_n ego_fw-la aelfwinus_fw-la winton_n '_o ecclesiae_fw-la divinus_fw-la speculator_n proprium_fw-la sigillum_fw-la impressi_fw-la and_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n offa_n whereby_o he_o give_v the_o peter-pence_n do_v yet_o remain_v under_o seal_n the_o either_o of_o which_o two_o charter_n be_v much_o more_o ancient_a than_o that_o of_o saint_n edw._n before_o mention_v yet_o happy_o there_o may_v be_v some_o reason_n probable_o affirm_v why_o as_o well_o king_n edwin_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n as_o offa_n who_o be_v king_n of_o mereia_n about_o the_o year_n 788._o do_v annex_v their_o seal_n to_o their_o charter_n which_o no_o king_n of_o england_n or_o nobleman_n do_v before_o or_o after_o they_o except_o saint_n ed._n until_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o conqueror_n that_o ever_o i_o can_v learn_v hear_v or_o read_v of_o in_o any_o author_n nevertheless_o i_o must_v of_o necessity_n leave_v the_o search_n of_o such_o reason_n to_o other_o better_a study_a in_o the_o commentation_n and_o alteration_n of_o person_n time_n and_o custom_n than_o i_o myself_o however_o i_o never_o hear_v any_o one_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o frequent_a use_n of_o seal_v deed_n do_v commence_v in_o the_o time_n of_o ed._n 3._o and_o be_v not_o ordinary_o use_v among_o private_a man_n until_o then_o as_o have_v be_v former_o touch_v of_o the_o date_n dat'_n in_o this_o clause_n the_o style_n of_o the_o king_n at_o large_a the_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n god_n according_a to_o the_o computation_n and_o account_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n together_o with_o the_o day_n of_o the_o month_n be_v express_v in_o former_a time_n deed_n be_v often_o make_v without_o date_n and_o that_o of_o purpose_n that_o they_o may_v be_v allege_v within_o the_o time_n of_o prescription_n as_o sir_n ed._n coke_n in_o his_o say_a book_n of_o institutes_n foe_n 6._o very_o worthy_o observe_v and_o moreover_o that_o the_o date_n of_o deed_n be_v common_o add_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o ed._n 2_o and_o ed._n 3._o and_o so_o ever_o since_o to_o who_o i_o refer_v you_o who_o in_o the_o place_n last_o quote_v have_v very_o excellent_a matter_n and_o observation_n thereabouts_o and_o thus_o to_o perform_v what_o i_o promise_v i_o will_v speak_v a_o word_n or_o two_o concern_v livery_n of_o seisin_n and_o so_o conclude_v livery_n of_o seisin_n livery_n of_o seisin_n be_v a_o ceremony_n in_o law_n use_v in_o the_o conveyance_n of_o a_o estate_n of_o freehold_n at_o the_o least_o in_o land_n and_o other_o thing_n corporeal_a but_o in_o a_o lease_n for_o year_n at_o will_n etc._n etc._n livery_n of_o seisin_n be_v not_o require_v it_o be_v only_o a_o chattel_n and_o no_o freehold_n by_o livery_n of_o seisin_n the_o feoffor_a do_v declare_v his_o willingness_n to_o part_v with_o that_o whereof_o he_o make_v the_o livery_n and_o the_o feoffee_n acceptance_n thereof_o be_v thereby_o make_v know_v and_o manifest_a the_o author_n of_o the_o new_a term_n of_o the_o law_n say_v that_o it_o be_v invent_v as_o a_o open_a and_o notorious_a thing_n by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o common_a people_n may_v have_v knowledge_n of_o the_o pass_a or_o alteration_n of_o estate_n from_o man_n to_o man_n that_o thereby_o they_o may_v be_v the_o better_a able_a to_o try_v in_o who_o the_o right_a and_o possession_n of_o land_n and_o tenement_n be_v if_o they_o shall_v be_v impanel_v on_o juries_n or_o otherwise_o have_v to_o do_v concern_v the_o same_o the_o usual_a and_o common_a manner_n in_o these_o day_n of_o deliver_v of_o seisin_n i_o know_v to_o be_v so_o frequent_a that_o of_o purpose_n i_o will_v omit_v it_o but_o i_o pray_v you_o note_v with_o i_o before_o i_o make_v a_o end_n that_o livery_n of_o sesin_n be_v of_o 2_o sort_n viz._n livery_n of_o seisin_n in_o deed_n and_o livery_n of_o seisin_n in_o law_n which_o be_v sometime_o term_a livery_n of_o seisin_n within_o the_o view_n livery_n of_o seisin_n within_o the_o view_n can_v be_v good_a or_o effectual_a except_o the_o feoffee_n do_v enter_v into_o the_o land_n etc._n etc._n whereof_o the_o livery_n of_o seisin_n be_v make_v unto_o he_o in_o the_o life_n time_n of_o the_o feoffor_a &_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v pass_v over_o in_o silence_n that_o a_o livery_n in_o law_n may_v sometime_o be_v perfect_v by_o a_o entry_n in_o law_n as_o if_o a_o man_n make_v a_o deed_n of_o feoffament_n and_o deliver_v seisin_n within_o the_o view_n the_o feoffee_n dare_v not_o enter_v for_o fear_n of_o death_n but_o claim_v the_o same_o this_o shall_v vest_n the_o freehold_a and_o inheritance_n in_o he_o to_o which_o effect_n you_o may_v see_v the_o opinion_n of_o certain_a justice_n 38._o assis_n pl._n 23._o upon_o a_o verdict_n of_o assize_n in_o the_o county_n of_o dorc._n and_o i_o conceive_v that_o this_o ve_n of_o a_o new_a estate_n in_o the_o say_a case_n in_o the_o feoffee_n make_v his_o claim_n be_v he_o dare_v not_o enter_v stand_v upon_o the_o same_o reason_n for_o contrariorum_fw-la eadem_fw-la est_fw-la ratio_fw-la that_o the_o reve_v of_o a_o ancient_a estate_n and_o right_n in_o the_o disseisee_fw-mi do_v by_o such_o claim_n whereof_o you_o may_v read_v plentiful_o in_o littleton_n his_o chapter_n of_o continual_a claim_n it_o be_v worth_a the_o observation_n that_o no_o man_n can_v constitute_v another_o to_o receive_v livery_n for_o he_o within_o the_o view_n nor_o yet_o to_o deliver_v as_o i_o have_v hear_v my_o master_n say_v for_o none_o can_v take_v by_o force_n or_o virtue_n of_o a_o livery_n in_o law_n but_o he_o that_o take_v the_o freehold_n himself_o &_o è_fw-la contra_fw-la otherwise_o it_o be_v to_o take_v and_o give_v livery_n of_o seisin_n in_o deed_n for_o there_o aswell_o the_o feoffee_n in_o the_o one_o case_n may_v ordain_v and_o make_v his_o attorney_n or_o attorney_n in_o his_o name_n and_o stead_n to_o take_v livery_n as_o the_o feoffor_a in_o the_o other_o case_n to_o give_v livery_n concurrentibus_fw-la iis_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o jure_fw-la requiruntur_fw-la and_o now_o let_v delivery_n of_o the_o deed_n to_o be_v add_v to_o the_o seal_v thereof_o and_o the_o state_n execute_v of_o the_o land_n thereby_o convey_v and_o then_o i_o presume_v none_o will_v refuse_v to_o allow_v that_o every_o thing_n have_v be_v name_v which_o be_v essential_o require_v to_o the_o perfection_n of_o a_o bare_a deed_n of_o feoffament_n and_o although_o i_o have_v mention_v the_o delivery_n of_o the_o deed_n in_o the_o last_o place_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o the_o least_o thing_n or_o of_o the_o least_o consequence_n or_o moment_n for_o after_o a_o deed_n be_v seal_v if_o it_o be_v not_o deliver_v est_fw-la anul_v purpose_n it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n and_o the_o delivery_n must_v be_v by_o the_o party_n himself_o or_o his_o sufficient_a warrant_n so_o it_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v that_o seal_v of_o deed_n without_o delivery_n be_v nothing_o and_o that_o delivery_n without_o seal_v will_v make_v no_o deed_n but_o that_o both_o seal_v and_o delivery_n must_v concur_v and_o meet_v together_o to_o make_v perfect_a deed_n i_o hope_v such_o as_o be_v present_a at_o the_o seal_v and_o deliver_v of_o deed_n of_o feoffament_n and_o the_o state_n execute_v thereupon_o will_v not_o forget_v to_o subscribe_v their_o name_n or_o mark_n as_o witness_n thereof_o whereby_o they_o may_v the_o better_o be_v enable_v to_o remember_v what_o therein_o have_v be_v do_v if_o peradventure_o there_o shall_v be_v occasion_n to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o and_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o here_o before_o i_o end_v to_o observe_v that_o although_o upon_o deed_n of_o feoffament_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v not_o usual_a before_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o hen._n 8._o or_o thereabouts_o to_o endorse_v or_o make_v mention_n upon_o such_o deed_n of_o the_o seal_v and_o deliver_v of_o the_o deed_n or_o state_n execute_v of_o the_o land_n etc._n etc._n intend_v thereby_o to_o be_v convey_v for_o i_o myself_o have_v many_o deed_n of_o feoffament_n which_o do_v testify_v as_o much_o yet_o it_o be_v to_o be_v credible_o suppose_v and_o not_o without_o some_o manifest_a probability_n that_o such_o person_n who_o name_n be_v insert_v after_o a_o certain_a clause_n in_o such_o deed_n begin_v with_o hiis_fw-la testibus_fw-la be_v eye-witness_n of_o all_o thus_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o i_o have_v call_v the_o say_v six_o part_n of_o the_o feoffament_n formal_a because_o they_o be_v not_o absolute_o of_o the_o essence_n of_o deed_n etc._n etc._n manebo_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la gyro_fw-la i_o will_v here_o conclude_v request_v all_o those_o to_o who_o any_o sight_n hereof_o shall_v or_o may_v happen_v to_o come_v friendly_a to_o admonish_v i_o of_o my_o fail_n herein_o whereby_o they_o shall_v ever_o engage_v i_o thankful_o finis_fw-la
because_o of_o such_o alienation_n but_o be_v put_v to_o his_o writ_n if_o a_o man_n seize_v in_o the_o right_n of_o his_o wife_n or_o if_o a_o tenant_n in_o tail_n make_v a_o feoffment_n and_o die_v the_o wife_n may_v not_o enter_v nor_o the_o issue_n in_o tail_n nor_o he_o in_o reversion_n but_o be_v put_v to_o the_o waction_n now_o the_o wife_n may_v enter_v by_o the_o statute_n 3_o 2._o h._n 8._o and_o a_o recovery_n suffer_v by_o the_o tenant_n by_o courtesy_n or_o by_o the_o tenant_n after_o possibility_n of_o issue_n extinct_a or_o for_o term_n of_o life_n be_v now_o make_v no_o discontinuance_n such_o thing_n that_o pass_v by_o way_n of_o a_o grant_n by_o deed_n without_o livery_n and_o seize_v can_v be_v discontinue_v as_o a_o reversion_n or_o rent-charge_n common_a etc._n etc._n a_o release_n or_o confirmation_n without_o warranty_n make_v no_o discontinuance_n chpp._n xvi_o descent_n descent_n which_o take_v away_o entry_n be_v where_o a_o man_n disseize_v another_o and_o die_v and_o his_o heir_n enter_v or_o make_v a_o feoffment_n to_o another_o in_o fee_n or_o in_o tail_n and_o he_o die_v and_o his_o heir_n enter_v these_o descent_n put_v a_o man_n from_o his_o entry_n a_o descent_n during_o minority_n marriage_n non_fw-la sanae_fw-la mentis_fw-la imprisonment_n or_o be_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n do_v not_o take_v away_o a_o entry_n descent_n of_o rent_n in_o gross_a the_o lord_n notwithstanding_o may_v distrain_v a_o die_v seize_v of_o a_o term_n for_o life_n or_o of_o a_o remainder_n or_o reversion_n do_v not_o take_v away_o a_o entry_n he_o must_v die_v seize_v in_o fee_n and_o franktenement_n a_o diseizin_n can_v be_v to_o one_o joynt-tenant_n or_o parcener_n alone_o if_o it_o be_v not_o to_o the_o other_o if_o a_o condition_n be_v break_v after_o a_o descent_n the_o donor_n feoffor_a or_o his_o heir_n may_v enter_v a_o wrongful_a diseizin_n be_v no_o descent_n unless_o the_o diseisor_n have_v quiet_a possession_n five_o year_n without_o entry_n or_o claim_v 32._o h._n 8._o chap._n xvii_o continual_a claim_n continual_a claim_n be_v a_o demand_n make_v by_o another_o of_o the_o property_n or_o possession_n of_o a_o thing_n which_o he_o have_v not_o in_o possession_n but_o be_v withhold_v from_o he_o wrongful_o defeat_v a_o descent_n happen_v within_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n after_o it_o be_v make_v and_o now_o by_o the_o statute_n within_o five_o year_n chap._n xviii_o remitter_n remitter_n be_v when_o by_o a_o new_a title_n the_o franktenement_n be_v cast_v upon_o a_o man_n who_o entry_n be_v take_v away_o by_o a_o descent_n or_o discontinuance_n he_o shall_v be_v in_o by_o the_o elder_a title_n as_o if_o tenant_n in_o tail_n discontinue_v the_o tail_n and_o after_o diseize_v his_o continuance_n and_o die_v thereof_o seize_v and_o the_o land_n descend_v to_o his_o issue_n in_o that_o case_n he_o be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o his_o remitter_n viz._n seize_v his_o ancient_a estate_n tail_n when_o the_o entry_n of_o a_o man_n be_v lawful_a and_o he_o take_v a_o estate_n to_o himself_o when_o he_o be_v of_o full_a age_n if_o it_o be_v not_o by_o deed_n indent_v or_o matter_n of_o record_n which_o shall_v estop_v he_o it_o shall_v be_v to_o he_o a_o good_a remitrer_fw-fr a_o remitter_n to_o the_o tenant_n shall_v be_v a_o remitter_n to_o he_o in_o the_o remainder_n and_o reversion_n chap._n xix_o tenor_n all_o land_n be_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n immediate_o or_o of_o some_o other_o person_n and_o therefore_o when_o any_o that_o have_v fee_fw-mi die_v without_o heir_n the_o land_n shall_v escheat_n to_o the_o lord_n and_o they_o be_v hold_v for_o the_o most_o part_n either_o by_o knight_n service_n or_o in_o soccage_n knight_n service_n draw_v to_o it_o ward_n marriage_n and_o relief_n viz._n of_o ward_n marriage_n and_o relief_n the_o heir_n male_a unmarried_a shall_v be_v in_o ward_n until_o 21_o year_n of_o age_n if_o he_o be_v marry_v in_o the_o life_n of_o his_o ancestor_n yet_o the_o lord_n shall_v have_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o â—â—nd_n till_o his_o full_a age_n none_o shall_v be_v in_o ward_n during_o the_o life_n of_o â—he_n father_n if_o the_o heir_n refuse_v a_o convenient_a marriage_n he_o shall_v pay_v to_o the_o lord_n the_o value_n when_o he_o come_v to_o full_a age_n if_o the_o ward_n marry_v against_o the_o will_n of_o the_o guardian_n he_o shall_v pay_v he_o the_o double_a value_n of_o his_o marriage_n but_o if_o the_o heir_n be_v of_o the_o full_a age_n aforesaid_a he_o shall_v pay_v a_o relief_n a_o relief_n for_o a_o whole_a knight_n fee_n be_v 5_o l_o for_o half_a a_o knight_n fee_fw-mi 50s._o for_o a_o quarter_n 25_o for_o more_o more_o for_o less_o less_o according_o a_o relief_n be_v no_o service_n but_o be_v incident_a to_o a_o service_n the_o guardian_n must_v not_o commit_v waste_a viz._n chattel_n tenure_n in_o soccage_n tenure_n in_o soccage_n be_v where_o the_o tenant_n hold_v of_o his_o lord_n by_o fealty_n suit_n oâ—_n court_n and_o certain_a rent_n for_o all_o manner_n of_o service_n the_o lord_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o wardship_n but_o a_o relief_n present_o after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o tenant_n a_o relief_n for_o soccoge_n land_n be_v a_o year_n renâ—_n and_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v present_o upon_o a_o descent_n oâ—_n purchase_v as_o if_o the_o land_n be_v hold_v by_o fealty_n and_o 10s._o rent_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la â—0s._n shall_v be_v paiâ—…_n for_o relief_n the_o next_o of_o the_o kin_n to_o who_o the_o inheritance_n may_v not_o descend_v shall_v have_v the_o wardship_n of_o the_o land_n and_o of_o the_o heir_n until_o his_o age_n of_o 14._o year_n to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o heir_n at_o which_o age_n the_o heir_n may_v call_v he_o to_o account_v if_o the_o guardian_n die_v the_o heir_n can_v have_v a_o action_n of_o account_n against_o the_o executor_n of_o the_o guardian_n the_o executor_n of_o the_o guardian_n may_v not_o have_v the_o wardship_n but_o some_o other_o of_o the_o next_o of_o kin_n the_o husband_n may_v not_o alien_a the_o interest_n of_o the_o wife_n in_o the_o guardianship_n nor_o hold_v it_o if_o she_o die_v it_o may_v not_o be_v sell_v if_o another_o man_n occupy_v the_o land_n of_o the_o heir_n as_o warden_n in_o soccage_n the_o heir_n may_v call_v he_o to_o account_v as_o guardian_n if_o the_o guardian_n hold_v the_o land_n after_o the_o heir_n be_v 14._o the_o heir_n shall_v call_v he_o to_o account_v as_o his_o bailiff_n gavill-kinde_n the_o next_o of_o kin_n shall_v have_v the_o guardianship_n of_o the_o body_n and_o land_n until_o the_o heir_n be_v 15._o year_n of_o age_n diversity_n of_o age_n a_o man_n have_v but_o two_o age_n the_o full_a age_n of_o male_a and_o female_a be_v one_o and_o twenty_o a_o woman_n have_v six_o age_n the_o lord_n her_o father_n may_v distrain_v for_o aid_n for_o her_o marriage_n when_o she_o be_v seven_o she_o be_v double_a at_o nine_o she_o be_v able_a to_o assent_v to_o matrimony_n at_o twelve_o she_o shall_v not_o be_v in_o warde_n if_o she_o be_v fourteen_o she_o shall_v go_v out_o of_o ward_n at_o sixteen_o she_o may_v sell_v or_o give_v her_o land_n at_o 21._o no_o man_n may_v be_v swear_v in_o any_o jury_n before_o he_o be_v 21._o before_o which_o age_n all_o gift_n grant_n or_o deed_n as_o do_v not_o effect_v by_o delivery_n of_o his_o own_o hand_n be_v void_a and_o all_o other_o voidable_a except_o for_o necessary_a meat_n drink_n and_o apparel_n etc._n etc._n a_o infant_n may_v do_v any_o thing_n for_o his_o own_o advantage_n as_o to_o be_v executor_n or_o such_o like_a a_o infant_n shall_v sue_v by_o his_o next_o friend_n and_o answer_v by_o his_o guardian_n gavill-kind_n the_o heir_n may_v give_v or_o sell_v at_o fifteen_o year_n of_o age_n 1._o the_o land_n must_v descend_v not_o be_v give_v he_o by_o will._n 2._o he_o must_v have_v full_a recompense_n 3._o it_o must_v be_v by_o feoffment_n and_o livery_n of_o seize_v with_o his_o own_o hand_n not_o by_o warrant_n of_o attorney_n nor_o any_o other_o conveyance_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n a_o infant_n may_v be_v executor_n at_o 17._o year_n of_o age_n a_o infant_n may_v make_v a_o will_n of_o his_o good_n at_o 14._o year_n of_o age_n and_o a_o maid_n at_o 12._o chap._n xxi_o rent_n there_o be_v three_o manner_n of_o rent_n rent-service_n rent-charge_a rent-seck_n rent-service_n be_v where_o a_o man_n hold_v his_o land_n of_o his_o lord_n by_o certain_a rent_n and_o so_o forth_o rent-charge_a be_v grant_v or_o reserve_v out_o of_o certain_a land_n by_o deed_n with_o a_o clause_n of_o distress_n rent-seck_n be_v a_o rent_n grant_v without_o a_o distress_n or_o rent-service_n sever_v from_o other_o service_n become_v a_o rent-seck_a the_o reversion_n of_o a_o rent_n
joynt-tenant_n but_o if_o good_n be_v give_v to_o she_o and_o to_o another_o her_o husband_n and_o the_o other_o be_v tenant_n in_o common_a the_o husband_n may_v release_v a_o obligation_n or_o trespass_n for_o good_n take_v when_o his_o wife_n be_v sole_a and_o it_o shall_v be_v good_a against_o the_o woman_n if_o he_o die_v but_o if_o he_o die_v without_o make_v any_o such_o release_n the_o woman_n shall_v have_v the_o action_n &_o not_o the_o executor_n of_o her_o husband_n the_o woman_n survive_v shall_v have_v all_o thing_n in_o action_n or_o her_o executor_n if_o she_o die_v the_o husband_n shall_v be_v charge_v with_o the_o debt_n of_o his_o wife_n but_o during_o her_o life_n 32_o the_o will_n of_o the_o wife_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o will_n of_o her_o husband_n note_v a_o feoffment_n make_v to_o the_o wife_n she_o shall_v have_v nothing_o if_o her_o husband_n do_v not_o thereunto_o agree_v moral_a rule_n 33._o the_o law_n favour_v work_n of_o charity_n right_a and_o truth_n and_o abhor_v fraud_n coven_v and_o incertainty_n which_o obscure_a the_o truth_n contrariety_n delay_n unnecessary_a circumstance_n and_o such_o like_a 34._o dolus_fw-la &_o fraus_fw-la una_fw-la in_o parte_fw-la sanari_fw-la debet_fw-la no_o man_n shall_v take_v benefit_n of_o his_o own_o wrong_n if_o a_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o appear_v at_o a_o day_n and_o before_o the_o day_n the_o obligee_n cast_v he_o in_o prison_n the_o bond_n be_v void_a a_o grant_n of_o all_o his_o wood_n in_o b._n acre_n which_o may_v be_v reasonable_o spare_v be_v a_o void_a grant_n if_o it_o be_v not_o reserve_v to_o a_o three_o person_n to_o appoint_v what_o may_v be_v spare_v a_o feoffment_n make_v in_o fee_n of_o two_o acre_n to_o two_o man_n habend_v one_o acre_n to_o one_o and_o the_o other_o acre_n to_o the_o other_o this_o habend_n be_v void_a 35._o lex_fw-la neminem_fw-la cogit_fw-la ad_fw-la impossibilia_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o law_n compel_v no_o man_n to_o show_v that_o which_o by_o intendment_n he_o do_v not_o know_v as_o if_o a_o servant_n be_v bind_v to_o serve_v his_o master_n in_o all_o his_o commandment_n lawful_a it_o be_v a_o good_a plea_n to_o say_v he_o serve_v he_o lawful_o a_o covenant_n to_o make_v a_o new_a lease_n upon_o the_o surrender_n of_o the_o old_a lease_n and_o after_o the_o covenanter_n do_v make_v a_o lease_n by_o fine_a for_o more_o year_n to_o estrange_v the_o covenant_n be_v break_v although_o the_o lessee_n do_v not_o surrender_v the_o which_o by_o the_o word_n ought_v to_o be_v the_o first_o act_n for_o that_o the_o other_o have_v disable_v to_o take_v or_o to_o make_v law_n construction_n the_o law_n expound_v thing_n with_o equity_n and_o moderation_n to_o moderate_v the_o strictness_n it_o be_v no_o trespass_n to_o beat_v his_o apprentice_n with_o a_o reasonable_a correction_n or_o to_o go_v with_o a_o woman_n to_o a_o justice_n of_o peace_n to_o have_v the_o peace_n of_o her_o husband_n against_o the_o will_n of_o her_o husband_n which_o equity_n do_v restrain_v the_o generality_n if_o there_o be_v any_o mischief_n or_o inconvenience_n in_o it_o as_o if_o a_o man_n make_v a_o feoffment_n of_o his_o land_n in_o and_o with_o common_a in_o all_o his_o land_n in_o c._n the_o common_a shall_v be_v intend_v within_o his_o land_n in_o c._n and_o not_o in_o his_o other_o land_n he_o shall_v have_v elsewhere_o 36._o every_o act_n shall_v be_v take_v most_o strict_o against_o he_o that_o make_v it_o as_o if_o two_o tenat_n in_o common_a grant_v a_o rent_n of_o 10._o shilling_n this_o be_v several_a and_o the_o grantee_n shall_v have_v 20._o shilling_n but_o if_o they_o make_v a_o lease_n and_o reserve_v 10._o shilling_n they_o shall_v have_v only_o 10._o shilling_n between_o they_o so_o a_o obligation_n to_o pay_v 10._o shilling_n at_o the_o feast_n of_o our_o lord_n god_n it_o be_v no_o plea_n to_o say_v that_o he_o do_v pay_v it_o but_o he_o must_v show_v at_o what_o time_n or_o else_o it_o will_v be_v take_v he_o pay_v it_o after_o the_o feast_n 37._o he_o that_o can_v have_v the_o effect_n of_o a_o thing_n shall_v have_v the_o thing_n itself_o vtres_fw-la magis_fw-la valeat_fw-la quam_fw-la pereat_fw-la as_o if_o a_o termor_n grant_v his_o term_n habendum_fw-la immediate_a è_fw-la post_fw-la mortem_fw-la svam_fw-la the_o grantee_n shall_v have_v it_o present_o 38._o when_o many_o join_v in_o one_o act_n the_o law_n say_v it_o be_v the_o act_n of_o he_o that_o can_v best_o do_v it_o and_o that_o thing_n shall_v be_v do_v by_o those_o of_o best_a skill_n as_o the_o disseizee_n and_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o disseizor_n who_o be_v in_o by_o descent_n join_v in_o a_o feoffment_n this_o shall_v be_v the_o feoffment_n of_o the_o heir_n only_o and_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o disseizee_n and_o the_o merchant_n shall_v weigh_v the_o ware_n and_o not_o the_o collector_n 39_o when_o two_o title_n concur_v the_o elder_a shall_v be_v prefer_v 40_o by_o a_o acquittance_n for_o the_o last_o payment_n all_o other_o arrearage_n be_v discharge_v 41_o one_o thing_n shall_v enure_v for_o another_o if_o the_o leasor_n enfeoff_v the_o lessee_n for_o life_n it_o shall_v be_v take_v for_o a_o confirmation_n 42._o in_o one_o thing_n all_o thing_n follow_v shall_v be_v conclude_v in_o grant_v demand_v or_o prohibit_v if_o one_o except_o a_o close_a or_o a_o wood_n the_o law_n will_v give_v he_o a_o way_n to_o it_o 43._o a_o man_n can_v qualify_v his_o own_o act._n as_o to_o release_v a_o obligation_n until_o such_o a_o time_n 44._o the_o construction_n of_o the_o law_n may_v be_v alter_v by_o the_o special_a agreement_n of_o the_o party_n if_o a_o house_n be_v blow_v down_o by_o the_o wind_n the_o lessee_n be_v excuse_v in_o waste_n but_o if_o he_o have_v covenant_v to_o repair_v it_o there_o a_o action_n of_o covenant_n do_v lie_v by_o the_o agreement_n of_o the_o party_n 45._o the_o law_n regard_v the_o intent_n of_o the_o party_n and_o will_v imply_v their_o word_n thereunto_o and_o that_o which_o be_v take_v by_o common_a intendment_n shall_v be_v take_v to_o the_o intent_n of_o the_o party_n and_o common_a intendment_n be_v not_o such_o a_o intendment_n as_o do_v stand_v indifferent_a but_o such_o a_o intent_n as_o have_v the_o most_o vehement_a presumption_n all_o incertainty_n may_v be_v know_v by_o circumstance_n every_o deed_n be_v do_v to_o some_o purpose_n reason_n will_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v construe_v to_o some_o purpose_n and_o variance_n shall_v be_v take_v most_o beneficial_a for_o he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v make_v and_o at_o election_n 46._o a_o intendment_n of_o the_o party_n shall_v be_v order_v according_a to_o the_o law_n if_o a_o man_n make_v a_o lease_n to_o a_o man_n and_o to_o his_o heir_n for_o ten_o year_n intend_v his_o heir_n shall_v have_v it_o if_o he_o die_v notwithstanding_o the_o intent_n the_o executor_n shall_v have_v it_o 47._o qui_fw-la per_fw-la alium_fw-la facit_fw-la per_fw-la seipsum_fw-la facere_fw-la videtur_fw-la a_o promise_n make_v to_o the_o wife_n in_o consideration_n of_o a_o thing_n to_o be_v perform_v by_o her_o husband_n if_o he_o agree_v and_o perform_v the_o consideration_n in_o a_o action_n of_o the_o case_n he_o shall_v declare_v the_o assumption_n be_v make_v to_o he_o and_o if_o my_o servant_n sell_v my_o good_n to_o another_o in_o deqt_n i_o shall_v suppose_v he_o buy_v they_o of_o i_o custom_n consuetude_n est_fw-la altera_fw-la lex_fw-la custom_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n general_a custom_n in_o use_n throughout_o the_o whole_a realm_n call_v maxim_n and_o particular_a custom_n use_v in_o some_o certain_a county_n city_n town_n or_o lordship_n whereof_o some_o have_v be_v specify_v before_o and_o some_o follow_v here_o and_o where_o occasion_n be_v offer_v general_z custom_n the_o king_n excellency_n be_v so_o high_a in_o the_o law_n that_o no_o freehold_a may_v be_v give_v to_o he_o nor_o derive_v from_o he_o but_o by_o matter_n of_o record_n every_o maxim_n be_v a_o sufficient_a authority_n to_o itself_o and_o which_o be_v a_o maxim_n and_o which_o be_v not_o shall_v always_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o judge_n because_o they_o be_v know_v to_o none_o but_o to_o the_o learned_a a_o maxim_n shall_v be_v take_v strict_a a_o particular_a custom_n except_o the_o same_o be_v a_o record_n in_o some_o court_n shall_v be_v plead_v and_o try_v by_o 12._o man_n chap._n ii_o statute_n the_o last_o ground_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n stand_v in_o divers_a statute_n make_v by_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o his_o progenitor_n and_o by_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o the_o commons_o in_o divers_a parliament_n in_o such_o case_n where_o the_o former_a law_n seem_v not_o sufficient_a to_o punish_v evil_a man_n and_o to_o reward_v the_o good_a
without_o a_o deed_n be_v void_a if_o the_o reversion_n be_v not_o in_o the_o reservor_n if_o a_o rent_n be_v grant_v from_o the_o reversion_n it_o be_v a_o rent-seck_a he_o which_o be_v not_o seize_v of_o a_o rent-seck_a be_v without_o remedy_n for_o the_o same_o the_o gift_n of_o a_o penny_n by_o the_o tenant_n in_o name_n of_o seize_v of_o a_o rent-seck_a be_v a_o good_a possession_n and_o seizin_n no_o rent_n may_v be_v reserve_v upon_o any_o feoffment_n gift_n or_o lease_n but_o only_o to_o the_o donor_n and_o his_o heir_n not_o to_o any_o stranger_n a_o rent-charge_n be_v extinct_a by_o the_o grantee_n purchase_v of_o parcel_n of_o the_o land_n but_o by_o the_o purchase_n of_o any_o of_o his_o ancestor_n it_o shall_v not_o it_o shall_v be_v apportion_v like_o rent-service_n according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o the_o land_n but_o if_o the_o whole_a land_n descend_v of_o the_o same_o inheritance_n the_o rent_n be_v extinguish_v by_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o reversion_n the_o rent_n and_o service_n pass_v if_o rent_n be_v grant_v to_o a_o man_n without_o more_o say_v he_o shall_v have_v it_o for_o term_n of_o his_o life_n if_o the_o lord_n accept_v of_o rent_n or_o service_n of_o the_o feoffment_n he_o exclude_v himself_o of_o the_o arrearage_n of_o the_o time_n of_o the_o feoffment_n for_o a_o rent-charge_n behind_o one_o may_v have_v a_o action_n of_o annuity_n or_o distrain_v distress_n for_o what_o when_o and_o where_o a_o man_n may_v distrain_v a_o man_n may_v distrain_v for_o a_o rent-charge_a rent-service_n herriot_n service_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o service_n as_o homage_n escuage_z fealty_n suit_n of_o court_n and_o relief_n etc._n etc._n herriot_n custom_n must_v be_v seize_v and_o for_o amerciament_n in_o a_o leete_n upon_o who_o ground_n soever_o it_o be_v in_o the_o liberty_n a_o man_n may_v not_o distrain_v for_o rent_n after_o the_o lease_n be_v end_v nor_o have_v debt_n upon_o a_o lease_n for_o life_n before_o the_o estate_n of_o franktenement_n be_v determine_v a_o man_n may_v not_o distrain_v in_o the_o night_n but_o for_o damage_n feasant_a a_o man_n may_v not_o distrain_v upon_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o king_n but_o the_o king_n may_v distrain_v of_o any_o land_n of_o his_o grantee_n or_o patentee_n a_o man_n may_v not_o distrain_v the_o beast_n of_o a_o strange_a that_o come_v by_o escape_n until_o they_o have_v be_v levant_n and_o couchant_a on_o the_o ground_n but_o for_o damage_n feasans_n a_o man_n may_v not_o distrain_v the_o ox_n of_o the_o plough_n nor_o a_o millstone_n nor_o such_o like_a that_o be_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n nor_o a_o cloak_n in_o a_o tailor_n shop_n nor_o victual_n nor_o corn_n in_o sheaf_n but_o if_o it_o be_v in_o a_o cart_n for_o damage_n feasans_n a_o distress_n must_v be_v always_o of_o such_o thing_n as_o the_o sheriff_n may_v make_v a_o replevin_n a_o man_n may_v not_o sever_v horse_n join_v together_o or_o to_o a_o cart_n if_o a_o man_n put_v cattle_n into_o a_o pasture_n for_o a_o week_n and_o afterward_o i._n n._n do_v give_v he_o notice_n that_o he_o will_v keep_v they_o no_o long_o and_o the_o owner_n will_v not_o fetch_v they_o away_o i._o n._n may_v distrain_v they_o damage_n feasans_n if_o a_o man_n take_v beast_n damage_n feasan_n and_o drive_v they_o by_o the_o high_a way_n to_o a_o pound_n the_o beast_n enter_v into_o the_o house_n of_o the_o owner_n and_o the_o taker_n pray_v the_o delivery_n of_o they_o and_o the_o owner_n will_v not_o deliver_v they_o a_o writ_n of_o rescous_a lie_v if_o a_o man_n distrain_v good_n he_o may_v put_v they_o where_o he_o will_n but_o if_o they_o perish_v he_o shall_v answer_v for_o they_o if_o cattle_n they_o ought_v to_o be_v put_v in_o a_o common_a pound_n or_o else_o in_o a_o open_a place_n where_o the_o owner_n may_v lawful_o come_v and_o feed_v they_o and_o notice_n give_v to_o he_o thereof_o and_o then_o if_o they_o die_v it_o be_v in_o default_n of_o the_o owner_n cattle_n take_v damage_n fesan_n may_v be_v impound_v in_o the_o same_o land_n but_o good_n or_o cattle_n take_v for_o other_o thing_n may_v not_o sheep_n may_v not_o be_v destrein_v if_o there_o be_v a_o sufficient_a distress_n beside_o no_o man_n shall_v drive_v a_o distress_n out_o of_o the_o county_n wherein_o it_o be_v take_v no_o distress_n shall_v be_v drive_v forth_o of_o the_o hundred_o but_o to_o a_o pound_n overt_a within_o three_o mile_n a_o distress_n may_v not_o be_v impound_v in_o several_a place_n upon_o pain_n of_o five_o pound_n and_o treble_a damage_n fee_n for_o impound_v one_o whole_a distress_n four_o penny_n the_o executor_n or_o administrator_n of_o he_o which_o have_v rend_v or_o fee-farm_n in_o fee_n in_o fee-tail_n or_o for_o life_n may_v have_v debt_n against_o the_o tenant_n that_o shall_v pay_v it_o or_o distrain_v and_o this_o be_v by_o the_o statute_n 32_o h._n 8._o so_o may_v the_o husband_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o wife_n his_o executor_n or_o administrator_n so_o may_v he_o which_o have_v rend_v for_o another_o man_n life_n distrain_v for_o the_o arrearage_n after_o his_o death_n or_o have_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n 32._o h._n 8._o but_o if_o the_o landlord_n will_v distrain_v the_o good_n or_o cattle_n of_o his_o tenant_n and_o do_v sell_v they_o or_o work_v they_o or_o convert_v they_o to_o his_o own_o use_n he_o shall_v be_v executor_n of_o his_o own_o wrong_n chap._n xxiii_o diseizin_v of_o rent_n three_z cause_n of_o diseizin_v of_o rents-service_n rescous_a replevin_fw-fr enclosure_n four_o of_o rent-charge_a denier_n &_o enclosure_n forestall_v be_v a_o diseizin_n of_o all_o forestall_v be_v when_o the_o tenant_n do_v with_o force_n and_o arm_n waylay_v or_o threaten_v in_o such_o manner_n that_o the_o lord_n dare_v nor_o distrain_v or_o demand_v the_o rent_n denial_n be_v if_o there_o be_v no_o distress_n on_o the_o land_n or_o if_o there_o be_v none_o ready_a to_o pay_v the_o rent_n etc._n etc._n and_o of_o such_o diseizin_n a_o man_n may_v have_v a_o action_n of_o novel_a diseizin_n against_o the_o tenant_n and_o recover_v his_o rent_n and_o arrearage_n and_o his_o damage_n and_o cost_n and_o if_o the_o rent_n be_v behind_o another_o time_n he_o shall_v have_v a_o redisseizin_n and_o recover_v double_a damage_n rescous_a and_o pound-breach_n if_o the_o lord_n distrain_v when_o there_o be_v no_o rent_n nor_o service_n behind_o the_o tenant_n may_v not_o rescue_v otherwise_o if_o another_o distreine_v wrongful_o but_o no_o man_n may_v break_v the_o pound_n although_o he_o do_v tender_a amends_o before_o the_o cattle_n be_v impound_v if_o the_o lord_n come_v to_o distrain_v and_o see_v the_o beast_n and_o the_o servant_n drive_v they_o out_o of_o his_o fee_n the_o lord_n may_v not_o have_v rescous_a because_o he_o have_v not_o the_o possession_n but_o he_o may_v follow_v they_o and_o distrain_v but_o not_o damage_n feasan_n chap._n xxiv_o common_a common_a be_v the_o right_a that_o a_o man_n have_v to_o put_v his_o beast_n to_o pasture_n or_o to_o use_v and_o occupy_v ground_n that_o be_v another_o man_n there_o be_v divers_a commons_o viz._n common_a in_o gross_a common_a appendant_a common_a appertinant_a common_a because_o of_o neighbourhood_n viz._n the_o term_n of_o law_n the_o lord_n of_o waste_v wood_n and_o pasture_n may_v approve_v against_o their_o tenant_n and_o neighbour_n with_o common_a appertenant_a leave_v they_o sufficient_a common_a and_o pasture_n to_o their_o tenant_n as_o if_o one_o tenant_n surcharge_n the_o common_a the_o other_o tenant_n may_v have_v against_o he_o a_o writ_n de_fw-fr admensuratione_fw-la pasturae_fw-la but_o not_o against_o he_o that_o have_v common_a for_o beast_n without_o number_n neither_o may_v the_o lord_n enclose_v from_o such_o tenant_n if_o he_o do_v the_o tenant_n may_v bring_v a_o assize_n against_o he_o and_o recover_v treble_a damage_n but_o the_o lord_n may_v have_v a_o quo_fw-la jure_fw-la and_o make_v the_o tenant_n show_v by_o what_o title_n he_o claim_v chap._n xxv_o way_n the_o king_n highway_n be_v that_o which_o lead_v from_o village_n to_o village_n a_o common_a highway_n be_v that_o which_o lead_v from_o a_o village_n into_o the_o field_n a_o private_a way_n be_v that_o which_o lead_v from_o one_o certain_a place_n unto_o another_o 3._o ed._n 3._o in_o the_o king_n highway_n the_o king_n have_v only_a passage_n for_o himself_o and_o his_o people_n and_o the_o franktenement_n and_o all_o the_o profit_n be_v in_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o soil_n as_o they_o be_v present_v at_o the_o leete_n of_o a_o common_a highway_n the_o franktenement_n and_o profit_n be_v to_o he_o that_o have_v the_o land_n next_o thereto_o adjoin_v and_o if_o it_o be_v stop_v and_o i_o be_v damnify_v by_o it_o i_o have_v no_o remedy_n