with_o foreign_a state_n and_o prince_n and_o so_o continual_o corrupt_v all_o course_n of_o merchandize_n ergo_fw-la he_o shall_v lose_v his_o prerogative_n of_o make_v war_n or_o peace_n when_o himself_o in_o wisdom_n shall_v think_v fit_a so_o to_o do_v the_o king_n may_v decry_v all_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n in_o bullion_n and_o establish_v a_o standard_n of_o copper_n or_o leather_n therefore_o he_o shall_v coin_v no_o money_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n the_o king_n may_v if_o he_o please_v break_v up_o all_o the_o prison_n pardon_v all_o offender_n and_o so_o give_v impunity_n to_o all_o offender_n ergo_o he_o shall_v pardon_v no_o malefactor_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n these_o be_v find_v absurd_a or_o rather_o wicked_a conclusion_n à _fw-la posse_fw-la adesse_fw-la be_v a_o absurd_a argument_n but_o à _fw-la posse_fw-la et_fw-la nolle_fw-la nobile_fw-la est_fw-la the_o law_n presume_v the_o king_n to_o be_v so_o noble_a and_o so_o wise_a that_o all_o act_n do_v by_o he_o or_o in_o his_o name_n during_o his_o infancy_n be_v of_o as_o good_a force_n in_o law_n as_o if_o the_o law_n have_v be_v do_v in_o his_o ripe_a year_n the_o law_n presume_v the_o king_n to_o be_v most_o just_a in_o all_o his_o action_n and_o therefore_o it_o have_v these_o rule_n the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o king_n can_v do_v no_o wrong_n the_o king_n can_v commit_v no_o disseisin_n the_o king_n can_v make_v no_o discontinuance_n and_o the_o like_a cor_fw-la regis_fw-la in_fw-la manu_fw-la domini_fw-la say_v solomon_n solomon_n and_o therefore_o the_o law_n presume_v that_o god_n will_v ever_o direct_v he_o to_o that_o which_o be_v just_a be_v it_o not_o then_o too_o much_o curiosity_n to_o instruct_v where_o the_o law_n trust_v and_o too_o much_o presumption_n to_o presume_v against_o the_o presumption_n of_o the_o law_n especial_o in_o the_o time_n of_o such_o a_o king_n who_o be_v the_o wise_a and_o just_a the_o most_o religious_a and_o most_o gracious_a king_n that_o ever_o reign_v in_o europe_n can_v any_o man_n imagine_v that_o so_o great_a a_o master_n in_o the_o art_n of_o government_n the_o most_o prudent_a king_n of_o great_a britain_n and_o ireland_n the_o two_o great_a island_n in_o this_o hemisphere_n and_o seat_v most_o commodious_o for_o traffic_n which_o all_o the_o world_n know_v that_o the_o duty_n pay_v unto_o he_o for_o merchandize_n be_v the_o most_o certain_a settle_a and_o assure_v and_o withal_o the_o best_a and_o rich_a part_n of_o his_o revenue_n at_o this_o day_n will_v lay_v heavy_a imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n than_o they_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v and_o so_o destroy_v all_o trade_n and_o commerce_n when_o king_n hen._n 7._o 7._o he_o most_o prudent_a predecessor_n do_v lend_v money_n to_o his_o merchant_n to_o maintain_v traffic_n will_v he_o for_o a_o little_a extraordinary_a profit_n for_o the_o time_n present_a pluck_v up_o at_o once_o the_o root_n and_o dry_v up_o the_o fountain_n of_o this_o revenue_n for_o the_o time_n to_o come_v it_o be_v unprobable_a it_o be_v uncredible_a it_o be_v impossible_a but_o suppose_v that_o this_o be_v credible_a that_o the_o king_n shall_v lay_v such_o heavy_a imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n as_o all_o merchant_n shall_v refuse_v to_o traffic_n who_o shall_v lose_v most_o by_o that_o the_o king_n or_o his_o people_n assure_o he_o shall_v suffer_v a_o exceed_a great_a loss_n in_o his_o custom_n but_o we_o that_o be_v of_o the_o commons_o shall_v save_v by_o it_o have_v all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o life_n of_o man_n within_o the_o land_n which_o be_v terra_fw-la suis_fw-la content_fw-la a_fw-la bonis_fw-la poeta_fw-la non_fw-la indiga_fw-la mercis_fw-la we_o shall_v spare_v these_o vain_a expense_n which_o we_o now_o make_v upon_o foreign_a commodity_n namely_o cloth_n of_o gold_n cloth_n of_o silver_n silk_n spice_n wine_n and_o many_o other_o superfluous_a and_o unnecessary_a thing_n which_o do_v nourish_v pride_n and_o luxury_n riot_n and_o excess_n among_o we_o which_o corrupt_v our_o manner_n and_o in_o the_o end_n will_v be_v the_o ruin_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n i_o may_v therefore_o conclude_v this_o point_n that_o since_o the_o king_n have_v power_n by_o his_o prerogative_n to_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n he_o have_v also_o a_o power_n coincident_a thereunto_o to_o limit_v and_o rate_v the_o proportion_n and_o quantity_n thereof_o according_a to_o his_o own_o wisdom_n and_o reason_n of_o state_n from_o time_n to_o time_n for_o either_o the_o king_n must_v set_v down_o the_o rate_n or_o the_o people_n or_o the_o king_n and_o people_n both_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n but_o if_o the_o people_n will_v not_o assent_v or_o agree_v to_o a_o reasonable_a limitation_n thereof_o in_o parliament_n shall_v the_o king_n lose_v those_o royal_a duty_n which_o all_o other_o king_n do_v take_v by_o virtue_n of_o their_o prerogative_n it_o be_v most_o unreasonable_a absurd_a and_o unjust_a chap._n xxvi_o the_o three_o objection_n touch_v the_o repeal_n of_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la by_o king_n edw._n 2._o and_o the_o remittal_n of_o divers_a imposition_n by_o king_n edw._n 3._o upon_o sundry_a petition_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n and_o the_o punishment_n of_o divers_a person_n in_o parliament_n for_o procurtng_a imposition_n to_o be_v set_v up_o three_o it_o be_v object_v 3._o that_o this_o prerogative_n of_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n have_v never_o at_o any_o time_n be_v set_v a_o foot_n and_o use_v by_o any_o of_o his_o majesty_n progenitor_n but_o it_o have_v be_v contradict_v and_o upon_o petition_n of_o the_o people_n such_o imposition_n have_v be_v suspend_v remit_v and_o abolish_v first_o king_n edw._n 1._o say_v they_o in_o the_o 31_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n do_v by_o his_o charter_n call_v mercatoria_fw-la speak_v of_o before_o lay_v the_o imposition_n of_o three_o penny_n in_o the_o pound_n now_o call_v the_o petty-custom_n with_o a_o increase_n of_o other_o duty_n upon_o merchandize_n import_v by_o stranger_n howbeit_o this_o imposition_n stand_v not_o above_o seven_o year_n by_o virtue_n of_o that_o charter_n but_o it_o be_v discontinue_v and_o quite_o take_v way_n for_o in_o 3_o edw._n 2._o the_o charter_n itself_o be_v suspend_v by_o the_o king_n writ_n 3_o edw._n 2._o 2_o claus._n m_o 23._o in_o arch._n turris_n and_o 5_o edw._n 2._o 2._o it_o be_v utter_o repeal_v by_o a_o solemn_a ordinance_n of_o state_n rot._n ordina_fw-la 5_o edw._n 2._o in_o arch._n turris_n second_o king_n edw._n 3._o do_v at_o sundry_a time_n during_o his_o reign_n lay_v several_a imposition_n upon_o wool_n and_o other_o staple_n commodity_n sometime_o forty_o shilling_n sometime_o fifty_o shilling_n upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n and_o other_o the_o like_a rate_n upon_o merchandize_n yet_o can_v be_v never_o fix_v nor_o settle_v the_o same_o upon_o his_o subject_n for_o upon_o sundry_a petition_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n who_o find_v themselves_o grieve_v therewith_o these_o imposition_n be_v from_o time_n to_o time_n remit_v 13_o edw._n 3._o 3._o rot._n parliament_n in_o arch._n turris_n 14_o edw._n 3._o 3._o cap._n 21._o 17_o edw._n 3._o rot._n parliament_n numb._n 12._o 12_o ed._n 3._o 3._o rot._n parliament_n numb._n 11._o again_o the_o same_o king_n many_o time_n do_v shut_v up_o all_o the_o port_n and_o thereby_o restrain_v the_o exportation_n of_o merchandize_n then_o will_v he_o take_v great_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o grant_v licence_n to_o transport_v which_o prove_v as_o great_a a_o charge_n as_o imposition_n and_o yet_o upon_o sundry_a complaint_n of_o the_o people_n in_o parliament_n the_o sea_n be_v set_v open_a and_o liberty_n of_o trade_n permit_v again_o stat._n 18_o edw._n 3._o 3._o cap._n 3._o 22_o edw._n 3._o 3._o rot._n parliament_n numb._n 8._o in_o arch._n turris_n 13_o edw._n 3._o 3._o in_o sccio_n angliae_fw-la rot._n 12._o 13_o edw._n 3._o rot._n parliament_n numb._n 5._o in_o arch._n turris_n last_o in_o the_o last_o year_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n divers_a person_n be_v accuse_v and_o punish_v in_o parliament_n for_o procure_v new_a imposition_n to_o be_v set_v upon_o merchandize_n namely_o the_o lord_n latimer_n latimer_n who_o albeit_o he_o be_v a_o noble_a man_n and_o a_o privy_a counsellor_n to_o the_o king_n yet_o be_v he_o fine_v commit_v to_o the_o mashalsee_n and_o put_v out_o of_o the_o council_n 50_o edw._n 3._o rot._n parliament_n nu_fw-la 34_o in_o arch._n turris_n richard_n lion_n lion_n likewise_o a_o citizen_n of_o london_n and_o farmer_n of_o the_o custom_n a_o instrument_n of_o the_o l._n latimer_n in_o raise_v the_o new_a imposition_n be_v fine_v ransom_v and_o imprison_v and_o put_v from_o the_o franchise_n of_o the_o city_n 50_o edw._n 3._o rot._n parliament_n numb._n 17._o in_o arch._n turris_n and_o one_o john_n peachy_n peachy_n who_o have_v get_v a_o monopoly_n of_o
the_o question_n concerning_o imposition_n tonnage_n poundage_n prizage_n custom_n etc._n etc._n full_o state_v and_o argue_v from_o reason_n law_n and_o policy_n dedicate_v to_o king_n james_n in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o his_o reign_n by_o sir_n john_n davies_n his_o then_o majesty_n attorney_n general_n london_n print_v by_o s._n g._n for_o henry_n twyford_n in_o vine-court_n middle-temple_n and_o rich_a marriot_n under_o the_o dial_n in_o saint_n dunstan_n churchyard_n london_n 1656._o to_o the_o king_n most_o excellent_a majesty_n this_o question_n sir_n concerning_o your_o majesty_n prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n ought_v not_o to_o have_v be_v make_v or_o move_v at_o all_o howbeit_o it_o have_v be_v stir_v and_o debate_v in_o parliament_n it_o be_v now_o become_v a_o argument_n of_o such_o dignity_n and_o importance_n as_o the_o best-able_a among_o your_o servant_n learn_v in_o the_o law_n may_v well_o employ_v their_o best_a learning_n in_o the_o discuss_n thereof_o for_o my_o part_n though_o i_o find_v myself_o unable_a to_o handle_v this_o noble_a question_n as_o the_o weight_n and_o worthiness_n require_v yet_o have_v i_o upon_o sundry_a occasion_n arise_v from_o the_o course_n of_o my_o service_n collect_v such_o note_n and_o draw_v together_o such_o material_n as_o may_v be_v of_o use_n in_o the_o build_n of_o a_o fortress_n in_o the_o defence_n of_o this_o prerogative_n and_o sure_o i_o be_o that_o if_o your_o majesty_n will_v vouchsafe_v to_o cast_v your_o eye_n upon_o these_o collection_n that_o your_o judgement_n will_v make_v a_o far_o better_a use_n and_o application_n thereof_o than_o i_o who_o have_v gather_v the_o same_o can_v possible_a do_v these_o little_a spark_n of_o knowledge_n be_v take_v into_o your_o majesty_n consideration_n will_v instant_o multiply_v and_o arise_v into_o a_o flame_n and_o so_o give_v a_o great_a light_n for_o clear_v of_o this_o question_n this_o learning_n within_o my_o hand_n be_v but_o a_o spade_n in_o your_o majesty_n hand_n will_v become_v a_o sceptre_n i_o have_v only_o like_o the_o poor_a indian_a dig_v up_o the_o oar_n of_o i_o which_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o king_n mint_n and_o refine_v there_o become_v part_n of_o the_o royal_a treasure_n for_o the_o argument_n itself_o it_o will_v hardly_o receive_v any_o ornament_n ornari_fw-la res_fw-la ipsa_fw-la negate_fw-la contenta_fw-la doceri_fw-la the_o best_a light_n i_o can_v give_v it_o be_v lucidus_fw-la ordo_fw-la by_o break_v it_o into_o capitâ—_z rerum_fw-la and_o cast_v it_o into_o a_o plain_a and_o natural_a method_n it_o be_v somewhat_o long_o and_o in_o multilâ—quio_fw-la non_fw-la deâ—st_fw-la peccacum_fw-la say_v solomon_n it_o be_v also_o mix_v with_o some_o reason_n of_o state_n wherein_o a_o common_a lawyer_n may_v easy_o make_v a_o solaecism_n yet_o such_o as_o it_o be_v my_o zeal_n to_o advance_v your_o majesty_n service_n have_v move_v i_o to_o present_v it_o to_o your_o majesty_n with_o all_o humbleness_n and_o with_o some_o hope_n that_o this_o dutiful_a pain_n shall_v purchase_v a_o pardon_n for_o the_o error_n therein_o commit_v by_o your_o majesty_n unprofitable_a servant_n and_o humble_a subject_n john_n davies_n the_o content_n of_o this_o book_n chap._n i._n the_o exposition_n and_o meaning_n of_o certain_a word_n which_o do_v show_v the_o true_a state_n of_o the_o question_n page_n 1_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nation_n or_o jus_fw-la gentium_fw-la and_o the_o force_n thereof_o in_o all_o kingdom_n that_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n be_v a_o principal_a subject_n of_o that_o law_n and_o that_o it_o give_v power_n unto_o all_o king_n to_o take_v custom_n and_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n and_o that_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n have_v many_o prerogative_n annex_v to_o it_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n of_o which_o our_o common_a law_n take_v notice_n and_o do_v admit_v and_o approve_v the_o same_o 4_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o law_n merchant_n which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o how_o it_o differ_v front_v our_o common_a law_n and_o how_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o our_o law_n merchandize_n do_v differ_v from_o other_o good_n and_o chattel_n which_o do_v not_o cross_v the_o sea_n and_o how_o the_o common_a law_n and_o statute_n law_n of_o england_n do_v admit_v and_o allow_v of_o the_o law_n merchant_n 10_o chap._n iv._o of_o the_o imperial_a or_o civil_a law_n and_o of_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o jurisdiction_n thereof_o of_o what_o force_v it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n within_o the_o monarchy_n of_o europe_n and_o in_o what_o case_n it_o be_v receive_v within_o the_o king_n of_o england_n dominion_n and_o how_o it_o warrant_v all_o king_n and_o absolute_a prince_n to_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n 20_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o canon_n or_o ecclesiastical_a law_n and_o how_o far_o forth_o it_o do_v examine_v and_o resolve_v this_o question_n in_o case_n of_o conscience_n only_o 25_o chap._n vi_o that_o this_o question_n of_o imposition_n may_v be_v examine_v and_o decide_v as_o well_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o law_n before_o mention_v as_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o our_o municipial_n law_n or_o common_a law_n of_o england_n 27_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o general_a and_o that_o the_o same_o do_v consist_v in_o certain_a special_a point_n or_o case_n reserve_v to_o the_o absolute_a power_n of_o the_o crown_n when_o the_o positive_a law_n be_v first_o establish_v and_o that_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n do_v acknowledge_v and_o submit_v itself_o to_o those_o prerogative_n 29_o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o the_o order_n and_o govern_v of_o all_o trade_n and_o traffic_n in_o corporation_n market_n and_o fair_n within_o the_o land_n and_o the_o common_a law_n do_v acknowledge_v this_o prerogative_n and_o submit_v itself_o there_o unto_o 34_o chap._n ix._o that_o the_o king_n have_v another_o prerogative_n in_o the_o government_n in_o the_o trade_n of_o merchandize_n cross_v the_o sea_n differ_v from_o the_o prerogative_n which_o he_o use_v and_o order_v in_o trade_n and_o traffic_n in_o market_n and_o fair_n within_o the_o land_n and_o of_o the_o difference_n between_o custom_n and_o toll_n by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n 38_o chap._n x._o of_o the_o ancient_a duty_n call_v custom_n payable_a for_o our_o principal_a commodity_n export_v and_o that_o it_o be_v original_o a_o imposition_n 41_o chap._n xi_o of_o the_o ancient_a duty_n call_v prize_n take_v out_o of_o foreign_a good_n import_v except_o wine_n and_o the_o petty-customs_n of_o three_o penny_n of_o the_o pound_n be_v accept_v by_o king_n edw._n 1._o in_o lieu_n of_o prize_n 46_o chap._n xii_o of_o the_o ancient_a custom_n payable_a for_o wine_n call_v prizâ—ge_n and_o butlerage_n 50_o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o ancient_a officer_n which_o our_o king_n have_v create_v by_o virtue_n of_o their_o prerogative_n to_o search_v and_o oversee_v all_o sort_n of_o merchandize_n and_o to_o collect_v the_o duty_n payable_a for_o the_o same_o 52_o chap._n xiv_o of_o other_o imposition_n beside_o the_o ancient_a custom_n before_o mention_v lay_v upon_o merchandize_n by_o several_a king_n and_o queen_n since_o the_o conquest_n some_o of_o which_o imposition_n have_v be_v discontinue_v or_o remit_v and_o some_o of_o they_o be_v continue_v and_o pay_v at_o this_o day_n and_o first_o of_o the_o imposition_n set_v by_o king_n edw._n 1._o over_o and_o beside_o the_o custom_n speak_v of_o before_o 53_o chap._n xv_o of_o the_o imposition_n set_v and_o take_v by_o king_n edward_n the_o second_o 55_o chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o imposition_n lay_v and_o levy_v upon_o merchandize_n by_o king_n edw._n 3._o 57_o chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o profit_n raise_v unto_o the_o crown_n out_o of_o merchandize_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o several_a king_n who_o succeed_v k._n edw._n 3._o until_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n mary_n 62_o chap._n xviii_o that_o queen_n mary_n do_v use_v her_o prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n 70_o chap._n xix_o that_o queen_n elizabeth_n also_o use_v her_o prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n 71_o chap_n xx_o that_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n james_n have_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o same_o prerogative_n without_o act_n of_o parliament_n lay_v several_a imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n 73_o chap._n xxi_o the_o general_a reason_n whereupon_o this_o prerogative_n be_v ground_v 76_o chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o several_a objection_n that_o be_v make_v against_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n and_o the_o several_a answer_n thereunto_o 94_o chap._n xxiii_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o first_o objection_n 96_o chap._n xxiv_o of_o the_o second_o objection_n touch_v the_o uncertainty_n and_o unbounded_a largeness_n of_o this_o prerogative_n 99_o chap._n xxv_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o second_o
and_o stone_v to_o death_n for_o blasphemy_n and_o then_o he_o take_v it_o for_o a_o lawful_a escheat_n but_o when_o the_o king_n do_v lay_v a_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o merchant_n and_o do_v cause_v the_o officer_n of_o his_o custom_n to_o take_v and_o levy_v the_o same_o it_o seem_v say_v they_o they_o take_v away_o the_o good_n of_o the_o subject_a without_o his_o consent_n and_o without_o cause_n of_o forfeiture_n which_o be_v not_o warrant_v either_o by_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o bring_v in_o property_n nor_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n which_o do_v maintain_v property_n chap._n xxiii_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o first_o objection_n to_o this_o objection_n we_o answer_v object_n that_o the_o king_n do_v not_o take_v the_o land_n or_o good_n of_o any_o without_o his_o consent_n but_o here_o we_o must_v distinguish_v there_o be_v a_o particular_a and_o express_a consent_n and_o there_o be_v a_o implicit_a and_o general_a consent_n when_o a_o man_n do_v give_v his_o good_n or_o surrender_v his_o land_n to_o the_o king_n by_o deed_n enroll_v or_o when_o in_o parliament_n which_o represent_v the_o body_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n and_o wherein_o every_o man_n do_v give_v his_o consent_n either_o by_o himself_o or_o his_o deputy_n a_o subsidy_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o king_n there_o be_v a_o express_a consent_n but_o when_o subject_n who_o live_v under_o a_o royal_a monarchy_n do_v submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o obedience_n of_o that_o law_n of_o that_o monarchy_n whatsoever_o the_o law_n do_v give_v to_o that_o monarch_n the_o subject_n who_o take_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o law_n in_o other_o thing_n and_o do_v live_v under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o law_n do_v agree_v to_o that_o which_o the_o law_n give_v by_o a_o implicit_a and_o general_a consent_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v many_o case_n where_o the_o king_n do_v lawful_o take_v the_o good_n of_o a_o subject_a without_o his_o particular_a and_o express_a consent_n though_o the_o same_o be_v not_o forfeit_v for_o any_o crime_n or_o contempt_n of_o the_o owner_n if_o a_o thief_n do_v steal_v my_o good_n and_o waive_v they_o the_o king_n may_v lawful_o take_v those_o good_n without_o my_o particular_a consent_n and_o without_o any_o fault_n or_o forfeiture_n of_o i_o but_o in_o regard_n i_o live_v under_o the_o law_n which_o give_v such_o waive_n unto_o the_o king_n he_o take_v not_o the_o same_o without_o my_o implicit_a consent_n so_o if_o my_o horse_n kill_v a_o man_n the_o king_n may_v lawful_o take_v my_o horse_n a_o deodand_n without_o my_o fault_n or_o consent_n in_o particular_a but_o in_o that_o i_o have_v consent_v to_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o law_n which_o give_v all_o deodand_n to_o the_o king_n he_o take_v not_o my_o horse_n without_o the_o implicit_a or_o general_a consent_n of_o i_o in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n the_o king_n do_v take_v my_o house_n to_o build_v a_o fort_n or_o do_v build_v a_o bulwark_n upon_o my_o land_n he_o do_v i_o no_o wrong_n though_o he_o do_v it_o without_o my_o consent_n for_o my_o implicit_a consent_n do_v concur_v with_o it_o for_o that_o i_o be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o common-weal_n can_v but_o consent_n to_o all_o act_n of_o necessity_n tend_v to_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n so_o if_o the_o king_n do_v grant_v i_o a_o fair_a or_o market_n with_o a_o power_n to_o take_v a_o reasonable_a toll_n if_o a_o man_n will_v buy_v any_o thing_n in_o my_o fair_a or_o market_n i_o may_v take_v toll_n of_o he_o though_o i_o give_v no_o particular_a consent_n to_o the_o grant_n because_o the_o law_n whereunto_o every_o subject_n do_v give_v consent_n and_o obedience_n do_v warrant_v the_o take_n of_o toll_n in_o every_o market_n and_o fair_a grant_v by_o the_o king_n so_o it_o be_v in_o case_n of_o imposition_n the_o law_n do_v warrant_v the_o king_n prerogative_n to_o impose_v upon_o merchandize_n as_o be_v before_o declare_v and_o therefore_o though_o the_o merchant_n give_v not_o their_o particular_a consent_n to_o the_o lay_n of_o these_o imposition_n yet_o in_o regard_n they_o live_v under_o the_o protection_n and_o obedience_n of_o the_o law_n which_o submit_v itself_o to_o this_o prerogative_n and_o allow_v and_o approve_v the_o same_o it_o can_v be_v say_v that_o the_o king_n do_v take_v these_o imposition_n of_o they_o without_o their_o implicit_a and_o general_a consent_n chap._n xxiv_o of_o the_o second_o objection_n touch_v the_o uncertainty_n and_o unbounded_a largeness_n of_o this_o prerogative_n the_o second_o objection_n 2._o be_v against_o the_o uncertainty_n and_o unlimited_a largeness_n of_o this_o prerogative_n for_o in_o other_o case_n they_o say_v where_o the_o king_n take_v the_o good_n of_o a_o subject_a by_o his_o prerogative_n there_o be_v a_o certainty_n what_o he_o may_v take_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o wayus_fw-la he_o may_v take_v only_o the_o good_n waive_v and_o no_o more_o in_o case_n of_o deodand_n he_o may_v take_v only_o the_o thing_n that_o cause_v the_o death_n of_o a_o man_n and_o no_o more_o in_o case_n of_o wreck_n he_o may_v take_v only_o the_o good_n that_o be_v wreck_v and_o no_o more_o in_o case_n of_o wardship_n of_o land_n hold_v in_fw-la capite_fw-la the_o king_n may_v take_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n till_o the_o heir_n sue_v his_o livery_n and_o no_o long_o in_o case_n where_o the_o king_n have_v annum_fw-la diem_fw-la et_fw-la vastum_fw-la he_o may_v retain_v of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o felon_n attaint_v which_o be_v hold_v of_o other_o lord_n for_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n and_o no_o long_o in_o all_o these_o case_n there_o be_v a_o certainty_n what_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v and_o how_o long_o he_o shall_v have_v it_o but_o in_o case_n of_o imposition_n the_o quantity_n or_o rate_n thereof_o high_a or_o low_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o king_n own_o will_n or_o pleasure_n so_o as_o if_o he_o shall_v be_v mislead_v as_o many_o prince_n have_v be_v with_o evil_a counsel_n he_o may_v with_o his_o prerogative_n do_v hurt_v the_o commonwealth_n by_o lay_v too_o heavy_a burden_n upon_o his_o subject_n for_o though_o hitherto_o his_o majesty_n have_v impose_v upon_o merchandize_n only_o twelve_o penny_n on_o the_o pound_n over_o and_o above_o the_o ancient_a custom_n and_o the_o subsidy_n grant_v by_o parliament_n yet_o this_o prerogative_n be_v unlimited_a he_o may_v hereafter_o say_v they_o set_v five_o shilling_n or_o ten_o shilling_n upon_o the_o pound_n if_o it_o please_v he_o and_o so_o undo_v the_o merchant_n or_o discontinue_v and_o overthrow_v all_o trade_n and_o commerce_n chap._n xxv_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o second_o objection_n to_o this_o objection_n the_o fit_a answer_n be_v object_n that_o it_o be_v a_o undutiful_a objection_n and_o withal_o too_o busy_a too_o bold_a and_o too_o presumptuous_a for_o it_o be_v a_o objection_n against_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o king_n in_o point_n of_o government_n and_o against_o the_o bounty_n and_o goodness_n of_o the_o king_n towards_o his_o people_n the_o text_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n cite_v before_o do_v call_v it_o a_o kind_n of_o sacrilege_n to_o dispute_v of_o prince_n judgement_n or_o action_n and_o for_o the_o law_n of_o england_n sure_o i_o be_o that_o it_o trust_v the_o wisdom_n and_o judgement_n of_o the_o king_n alone_o in_o matter_n of_o great_a importance_n than_o in_o lay_v of_o imposition_n or_o set_v of_o rate_n upon_o merchandize_n be_v not_o the_o king_n wisdom_n only_o trust_v with_o the_o absolute_a power_n of_o make_v war_n and_o peace_n with_o foreign_a nation_n whereby_o he_o may_v when_o he_o please_v interrupt_v all_o trade_n of_o merchandize_v be_v not_o the_o king_n alone_o trust_v with_o the_o like_a power_n of_o make_v and_o decry_v of_o money_n which_o be_v the_o only_a medium_fw-la of_o all_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n be_v not_o he_o sole_o and_o without_o limitation_n trust_v with_o the_o nomination_n and_o creation_n of_o all_o judge_n and_o magistrate_n who_o be_v to_o give_v judgement_n in_o case_n concerning_o the_o liberty_n land_n and_o life_n of_o all_o his_o subject_n have_v not_o he_o a_o sole_a and_o unlimited_a power_n to_o pardon_v all_o malefactor_n to_o dispense_v with_o all_o penal_a law_n to_o distribute_v all_o honour_n to_o grant_v to_o who_o he_o please_v protection_n denization_n exemption_n not_o only_o from_o jury_n but_o from_o all_o other_o service_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o yet_o these_o prerogative_n if_o the_o same_o be_v not_o use_v with_o judgement_n and_o moderation_n may_v prove_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n as_o well_o as_o the_o lay_n of_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n shall_v therefore_o any_o undutiful_a subject_n make_v these_o conclusion_n the_o king_n may_v have_v a_o continual_a war_n
proper_o call_v vectigalia_fw-la à _fw-la mercibm_fw-la evectis_fw-la et_fw-la invectis_fw-la be_v the_o most_o ancient_a duty_n payable_a to_o the_o king_n so_o be_v the_o same_o ground_v say_v bodin_n upon_o the_o great_a reason_n and_o equity_n in_o the_o world_n quid_fw-la est_fw-la enim_fw-la rationi_fw-la et_fw-la aequitati_fw-la magis_fw-la consentaneum_fw-la quà m_fw-la et_fw-la be_v qui_fw-la in_fw-la nostro_fw-la territorio_fw-la et_fw-la ex_fw-la nostris_fw-la questum_fw-la facit_fw-la principi_fw-la nostro_fw-la cujus_fw-la permissu_fw-la et_fw-la sub_fw-la cujus_fw-la protectione_fw-la negotiatuâ—_z aliquod_fw-la perdat_fw-la et_fw-la presolvat_fw-la and_o this_o common_a reason_n and_o equity_n which_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o these_o duty_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n what_o be_v it_o else_o but_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o that_o which_o common_a reason_n have_v establish_v among_o all_o man_n for_o the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o man_n and_o which_o all_o nation_n have_v receive_v and_o embrace_v for_o their_o mutual_a benefit_n and_o commodity_n neither_o be_v this_o the_o only_a prerogative_n which_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n habet_fw-la et_fw-la rex_fw-la in_fw-la regno_fw-la suo_fw-la say_v bracton_n bracton_n alia_fw-la privilegia_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la propria_fw-la viz._n soreceum_fw-la maris_fw-la thesaurum_fw-la insentum_fw-la grossos_fw-la pisces_fw-la and_o balenas_fw-la et_fw-la sturgiones_fw-la wavias_n etc._n etc._n huiusmodi_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la pertinent_fw-la ad_fw-la coronam_fw-la say_v stampford_n prerogativa_fw-la regis_fw-la fol._n 37._o 6._o add_v hereunto_o the_o absolute_a power_n of_o the_o king_n to_o make_v war_n and_o peace_n league_n and_o truce_n to_o grant_v safe_a conduct_n to_o pardon_v all_o offender_n to_o distribute_v all_o degree_n of_o honour_n and_o the_o like_a wherein_o the_o king_n have_v sole_a and_o absolute_a power_n merum_fw-la imperium_fw-la et_fw-la non_fw-la mixtum_fw-la and_o which_o prerogative_n be_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o crown_n 6._o and_o incident_a to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n last_o for_o the_o proof_n that_o our_o common_a law_n do_v acknowledge_v and_o prove_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n in_o most_o of_o these_o case_n the_o book_n 19_o edw._n 4._o 6._o 6._o do_v approve_v the_o king_n absolute_a power_n in_o make_v war_n peace_n and_o league_n and_o in_o 37_o edw._n 6._o 20._o 20_o that_o part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n whereby_o the_o high_a constable_n and_o marshal_n of_o england_n do_v proceed_v in_o their_o court_n of_o war_n and_o chivalry_n be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n we_o find_v also_o the_o king_n sole_a power_n in_o 11_o hen._n 4._o 4._o rot._n parliament_n in_fw-la archivis_fw-la turris_fw-la london_n for_o coin_v of_o money_n we_o have_v the_o case_n of_o mine_n com._n 316._o 316_o for_o safe_a conduct_n of_o merchant_n and_o stop_v of_o trade_n tempore_fw-la guerrae_fw-la and_o letter_n of_o reprisal_n we_o have_v 7_o edw._n 4._o 19_o 4.19_o 2_o r._n 3._o 2._o 2._o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 30._o 30._o and_o the_o register_n wherein_o we_o find_v writ_n of_o reprisal_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o law_n merchant_n which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o how_o it_o differ_v from_o our_o common_a law_n and_o how_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o our_o law_n merchandize_n do_v differ_v from_o other_o good_n and_o chattel_n which_o do_v not_o cross_v the_o sea_n and_o how_o the_o common_a law_n and_o statute_n law_n of_o england_n do_v admit_v and_o allow_v of_o the_o law_n merchant_n mercatura_fw-la vel_fw-la societas_fw-la mercatorum_fw-la est_fw-la magna_fw-la respublica_fw-la say_v ulpian_n ulpian_n and_o therefore_o that_o commonwealth_n of_o merchant_n have_v always_o have_v a_o peculiar_a and_o proper_a law_n to_o rule_v and_o govern_v it_o this_o law_n be_v call_v the_o law_n merchant_n whereof_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n do_v take_v special_a knowledge_n first_o both_o the_o common_a law_n and_o statute_n law_n of_o england_n do_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o law_n merchant_n and_o do_v leave_v the_o cause_n of_o merchant_n and_o merchandize_n to_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o that_o law_n for_o what_o say_v the_o book_n of_o 13_o edw._n 4._o 9_o 10_o 10._o a_o merchant_n stranger_n make_v suit_n before_o the_o king_n privy_a council_n for_o certain_a bail_n of_o silk_n felonious_o take_v from_o he_o and_o it_o be_v move_v that_o this_o matter_n may_v be_v determine_v by_o common_a law_n unto_o which_o motion_n the_o lord_n chancellor_n do_v there_o answer_n this_o suit_n be_v bring_v by_o a_o merchant_n who_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o sue_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n nor_o to_o tarry_v the_o trial_n of_o twelve_o man_n nor_o other_o solemnity_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n albeit_o the_o king_n have_v jurisdiction_n of_o he_o within_o the_o realm_n and_o may_v cause_v he_o to_o stand_v to_o his_o judgement_n yet_o this_o must_v be_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o some_o call_v the_o law_n merchant_n which_o be_v a_o law_n universal_a throughout_o the_o word_n these_o be_v the_o word_n of_o that_o book_n and_o it_o be_v there_o resolve_v by_o all_o the_o justice_n that_o if_o the_o merchandize_n of_o such_o a_o merchant_n stranger_n be_v steal_v and_o wave_v by_o the_o felon_n the_o king_n himself_o shall_v not_o take_v those_o merchandize_n as_o waif_n though_o in_o that_o case_n the_o good_n of_o another_o person_n be_v lose_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n do_v not_o this_o case_n make_v it_o manifest_a that_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o our_o common_a law_n merchandize_n that_o cross_v the_o sea_n be_v good_n of_o another_o nature_n quality_n and_o consideration_n than_o other_o good_n and_o chattel_n which_o be_v possess_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o do_v not_o cross_v the_o sea_n this_o learning_n be_v not_o common_a in_o our_o book_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v it_o meet_v to_o exemplify_v this_o difference_n with_o more_o case_n in_o this_o point_n if_o two_o merchant_n be_v joint-owner_n or_o partner_n in_o merchandize_n which_o they_o have_v acquire_v by_o a_o joint-contract_n in_o this_o case_n the_o one_o shall_v have_v a_o action_n of_o account_n against_o the_o other_o die_fw-la legem_fw-la mercatoriam_fw-la say_v the_o register_n fol._n 135._o 135._o and_o f._n n._n 117._o d._n d._n and_o yet_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n if_o two_o man_n be_v joint_o possess_v of_o other_o good_n which_o be_v not_o merchandize_n the_o one_o shall_v not_o call_v the_o other_o to_o account_n for_o the_o same_o again_o if_o two_o merchant_n have_v a_o joint_a interest_n in_o merchandize_n if_o the_o own_o die_v the_o survivor_n shall_v not_o have_v all_o but_o the_o executor_n of_o the_o party_n decease_a shall_v by_o the_o law_n merchant_n call_v the_o survivor_n to_o a_o account_n for_o the_o moiety_n f._n n._n 117._o d._n d._n whereas_o if_o there_o be_v two_o joint_n of_o other_o good_n which_o be_v not_o merchandize_n the_o survivor_n shall_v have_v all_o per_fw-la jus_fw-la accrescendi_fw-la even_o by_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n again_o in_o a_o action_n of_o debt_n upon_o a_o simple_a contract_n which_o be_v without_o deed_n in_o writing_n the_o defendant_n by_o the_o common_a law_n may_v wage_v his_o law_n that_o be_v he_o may_v bar_v the_o plaintiff_n of_o his_o action_n by_o take_v a_o oath_n that_o he_o do_v not_o owe_v the_o debt_n nor_o any_o part_n thereof_o and_o yet_o in_o itin._n derby_n 2_o edw._n 3._o 3._o john_n crompton_n merchant_n upon_o a_o contract_n without_o deed_n the_o defendant_n will_v have_v wage_v his_o law_n but_o be_v not_o permit_v so_o to_o do_v and_o so_o judgement_n be_v give_v against_o the_o say_a defendant_n again_o the_o good_n of_o ecclesiastical_a person_n be_v discharge_v of_o toll_n by_o the_o common_a law_n si_fw-la non_fw-la exerceat_fw-la marchandizas_n de_fw-la eisdem_fw-la say_v the_o register_n 259._o a._o a._n for_o than_o their_o good_n be_v charge_v be_v now_o become_v good_n of_o another_o nature_n when_o the_o same_o be_v turn_v into_o merchandize_n so_o be_v the_o good_n of_o the_o french_a nobility_n discharge_v by_o gabelle_n and_o imposition_n if_o they_o traffic_v not_o but_o if_o they_o traffic_v say_v bodin_n bodin_n their_o good_n be_v charge_v like_o other_o merchandize_n again_o for_o good_n wrongful_o take_v within_o the_o land_n the_o common_a law_n give_v remedy_n against_o the_o trespasser_n or_o the_o wrongful_a taker_n only_o but_o if_o a_o english_a merchant_n be_v spoil_v of_o his_o merchandize_n upon_o the_o sea_n or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o subject_a of_o another_o king_n the_o register_n do_v give_v he_o a_o writ_n of_o reprisal_n against_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o that_o nation_n regist._n 122._o 6._o 6._o and_o 46_o hen._n 3._o
3_o we_o find_v a_o more_o brief_a cause_n of_o justice_n for_o there_o the_o king_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o loss_n which_o certain_a merchant_n of_o london_n have_v sustain_v by_o a_o arrest_n make_v of_o their_o good_n make_v by_o the_o countess_n of_o flanders_n do_v grant_v unto_o they_o all_o the_o merchandize_n whereof_o the_o fleming_n be_v possess_v in_o england_n rot._n pa._n 3_o e._n 1._o m._n 19_o in_fw-la archivis_fw-la turris_fw-la london_n london_n whereupon_o the_o lord_n mayor_n of_o london_n do_v seize_v so_o much_o good_n of_o the_o flemish_a merchant_n as_o amount_v to_o 730._o mark_n and_o deliver_v the_o same_o to_o thomas_n debass_v and_o other_o merchant_n who_o have_v suffer_v loss_n by_o that_o arrest_n and_o in_o the_o same_o roll_n of_o 3_o ed._n 1._o 1._o the_o lord_n mayor_n of_o london_n and_o bailiff_n of_o southampton_n be_v command_v by_o the_o king_n writ_n quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la mercatores_fw-la londienses_fw-la ad_fw-la partes_fw-la angliae_fw-la accedentes_fw-la per_fw-la bona_fw-la et_fw-la catalla_fw-la sua_fw-la distringuantur_fw-la sed_fw-la in_fw-la legem_fw-la mercatoriam_fw-la et_fw-la consuetidinem_fw-la regni_fw-la ad_fw-la satisfaciendum_fw-la mercatoribus_fw-la florentinis_fw-la de_fw-la pecuniis_fw-la ip_fw-la mutuo_fw-la tradiderunt_fw-la willielmo_n episcopo_fw-la leodiensi_fw-la here_o we_o see_v that_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la which_o do_v apparent_o differ_v from_o the_o ordinary_a common_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v say_v to_o be_v consuetudo_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o last_o in_o a_o suit_n at_o the_o common_a law_n no_o man_n write_v can_v be_v plead_v against_o he_o as_o his_o act_n and_o deed_n unless_o the_o same_o be_v seal_v and_o deliver_v but_o in_o a_o suit_n between_o merchant_n bill_n of_o lade_n bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v but_o ticket_n without_o seal_n letter_n of_o advice_n and_o credence_n policy_n of_o assurance_n assignation_n of_o debt_n all_o which_o be_v of_o no_o force_n at_o the_o common_a law_n be_v of_o good_a credit_n and_o force_n by_o the_o law_n merchant_n thus_o we_o see_v how_o merchandize_n do_v differ_v from_o other_o good_n and_o chattel_n in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n and_o how_o the_o law_n merchant_n do_v differ_v from_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n and_o how_o the_o common_a law_n do_v admit_v and_o allow_v thereof_o our_o parliament_n likewise_o have_v not_o only_o make_v extraordinary_a provision_n for_o the_o more_o speedy_a recovery_n of_o debt_n due_a unto_o merchant_n for_o their_o merchandize_n than_o be_v provide_v by_o our_o common_a law_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o acton_n burnell_n make_v the_o 11_o ed._n 1._o and_o the_o statute_n de_fw-la mercatoribus_fw-la make_v 13_o ed._n 1._o but_o also_o have_v course_n of_o proceed_n in_o case_n of_o merchant_n differ_v from_o the_o course_n of_o our_o common_a law_n for_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 27_o ed._n 3._o cap._n 2._o 2._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o the_o proceed_n in_o cause_n of_o merchant_n shall_v be_v from_o day_n to_o day_n and_o hour_n to_o hour_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o staple_n and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n and_o by_o another_o article_n in_o the_o same_o parliament_n that_o all_o merchant_n come_v to_o the_o staple_n shall_v be_v rule_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o merchant_n touch_v all_o thing_n come_v to_o the_o staple_n and_o not_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o by_o another_o article_n that_o neither_o of_o the_o bench_n nor_o any_o ordinary_a judge_n of_o the_o common_a law_n shall_v have_v any_o jurisdiction_n in_o those_o case_n and_o last_o that_o the_o law_n of_o marque_n and_o reprisal_n which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o law_n merchant_n shall_v be_v use_v as_o it_o have_v be_v use_v in_o time_n past_a so_o as_o the_o parliament_n do_v but_o declare_v the_o ancient_a law_n and_o do_v not_o introduce_v a_o new_a law_n in_o those_o case_n until_o i_o understand_v this_o difference_n between_o merchandize_n and_o other_o good_n and_o between_o the_o law_n merchant_n and_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n i_o confess_v i_o do_v not_o a_o little_a marvel_n england_n be_v so_o rich_a and_o entertain_v traffic_n with_o all_o nation_n of_o the_o world_n have_v so_o many_o fair_a port_n and_o so_o good_a ship_n the_o king_n of_o england_n also_o be_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o also_o a_o principal_a part_n of_o his_o royal_a revenue_n consist_v in_o duty_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n so_o as_o many_o question_n must_v of_o necessity_n arise_v in_o all_o age_n touch_v merchant_n and_o merchandize_n what_o shall_v be_v the_o cause_n that_o in_o our_o book_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n there_o be_v to_o be_v find_v so_o few_o case_n concerning_o ship_n or_o merchant_n or_o concerning_o custom_n or_o imposition_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n but_o now_o the_o reason_n thereof_o be_v apparent_a for_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n do_v leave_v these_o case_n to_o be_v rule_v by_o another_o law_n namely_o the_o law_n merchant_n which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n the_o law_n merchant_n as_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n be_v universal_a and_o one_o and_o the_o same_o in_o all_o country_n in_o the_o world_n for_o as_o cicero_n cicero_n say_v of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n non_fw-la erit_fw-la alia_fw-la lex_fw-la romae_fw-la alia_fw-la athenis_fw-la alia_fw-la nunc_fw-la alia_fw-la posthac_fw-la sed_fw-la et_fw-la omnes_fw-la gentes_fw-la et_fw-la omni_fw-la tempore_fw-la unalex_fw-la eademque_fw-la perpetua_fw-la continebit_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o may_v we_o say_v of_o the_o law_n merchant_n there_o be_v not_o one_o law_n in_o england_n another_o in_o france_n another_o in_o spain_n another_o in_o germany_n but_o the_o same_o rule_n of_o reason_n and_o the_o like_a proceed_n of_o the_o law_n merchant_n be_v observe_v in_o every_o nation_n for_o as_o our_o chancellor_n of_o england_n affirm_v 13_o e._n 4._o 9_o 9_o that_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o law_n merchant_n ought_v to_o be_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v universal_a so_o say_v the_o civilian_n of_o several_a nation_n the_o italian_a doctor_n say_v in_fw-la curia_fw-la mercatorum_fw-la naturalis_fw-la aequitas_fw-la praecipue_fw-la expectanda_fw-la and_o ex_fw-la aequo_fw-la et_fw-la bono_fw-la causas_fw-la dirimendas_fw-la esse_fw-la the_o french_a man_n say_v in_fw-la curia_fw-la mercatorum_fw-la proceditur_fw-la de_fw-la mera_fw-la aequitate_fw-la omissis_fw-la solemnitatibus_fw-la et_fw-la apicibus_fw-la juris_fw-la the_o spaniard_n likewise_o say_v apices_fw-la et_fw-la subtilitas_fw-la juris_fw-la non_fw-la considerantur_fw-la in_fw-la foro_fw-la mercatorio_fw-la whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o cause_n concerning_o merchant_n and_o merchandize_n be_v not_o wont_a to_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o peculiar_a and_o ordinary_a law_n of_o every_o country_n but_o by_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n out_o of_o which_o result_v this_o conclusion_n suppose_v it_o be_v admit_v that_o by_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o the_o land_n tax_n and_o tallage_n may_v not_o be_v lay_v upon_o our_o good_n within_o the_o land_n without_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n yet_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o by_o the_o law_n merchant_n which_o be_v also_o the_o law_n of_o england_n in_o case_n of_o merchandize_n the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o well_o as_o other_o king_n may_v by_o virtue_n of_o his_o prerogative_n without_o act_n of_o parliament_n lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n cross_v the_o sea_n be_v good_n whereupon_o the_o law_n do_v set_v another_o character_n than_o good_n possess_v in_o the_o land_n as_o be_v before_o express_v chap._n iv._o of_o the_o imperial_a or_o civil_a law_n and_o of_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o jurisdiction_n thereof_o of_o what_o force_v it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n within_o the_o monarchy_n of_o europe_n and_o in_o what_o case_n it_o be_v receive_v within_o the_o king_n of_o england_n dominion_n and_o how_o it_o warrant_v all_o king_n and_o absolute_a prince_n to_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n when_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n be_v gentium_fw-la domina_fw-la et_fw-la civitas_fw-la illa_fw-la magna_fw-la quae_fw-la regnabat_fw-la super_fw-la reges_fw-la terrae_fw-la the_o roman_a civil_a civilis_fw-la law_n be_v communicate_v unto_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o that_o empire_n become_v the_o common_a law_n as_o it_o be_v of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o inhabit_a world_n yet_o the_o extent_n thereof_o be_v never_o so_o large_a as_o that_o of_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nature_n as_o it_o be_v note_v by_o cicero_n offic._n lib._n 2._o 2._o majores_fw-la nostri_fw-la aliud_fw-la jus_fw-la geutium_fw-la aliud_fw-la civil_fw-la jus_fw-la esse_fw-la voluerunt_fw-la quod_fw-la enim_fw-la civil_fw-la non_fw-la idem_fw-la continuâ—_z gentium_fw-la quod_fw-la autem_fw-la idem_fw-la civil_fw-la esse_fw-la debet_fw-la whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o
they_o want_v right_a so_o to_o do_v or_o because_o they_o doubt_v of_o their_o right_n in_o that_o behalf_n for_o they_o well_o know_v they_o have_v the_o same_o right_n the_o same_o prerogative_n and_o absolute_a power_n that_o their_o predecessor_n have_v but_o because_o they_o find_v other_o mean_n to_o make_v other_o profit_n upon_o transport_v of_o merchandizé_n and_o that_o in_o another_o manner_n and_o in_o so_o high_a measure_n as_o the_o trade_n of_o merchandize_n in_o those_o day_n can_v hardly_o bear_v any_o great_a charge_n without_o danger_n of_o overthrow_v all_o trade_n and_o commerce_n and_o therefore_o those_o prince_n do_v in_o their_o wisdom_n forbear_v to_o lay_v any_o further_a imposition_n by_o their_o prerogative_n for_o these_o king_n who_o reign_v after_o king_n edw._n 3._o who_o conquer_v calais_n in_o france_n and_o before_o queen_n mary_n lose_v calais_n have_v two_o principal_a way_n and_o mean_n to_o raise_v extraordinary_a profit_n upon_o merchandize_n but_o proceed_v from_o one_o cause_n namely_o from_o establish_v the_o staple_n at_o calais_n for_o king_n edw._n 3._o some_o few_o year_n before_o his_o death_n do_v by_o his_o prerogative_n in_o point_n of_o government_n without_o act_n of_o parliament_n erect_v a_o staple_n at_o his_o town_n of_o calais_n and_o do_v ordain_v and_o command_v calais_n that_o all_o the_o merchandize_n export_v out_o of_o england_n wales_n and_o ireland_n by_o any_o merchant_n denison_n or_o alien_n shall_v present_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o staple_n at_o calais_n and_o to_o no_o other_o place_n beyond_o the_o sea_n this_o staple_n at_o calais_n be_v first_o settle_v and_o fix_v there_o by_o a_o ordinance_n which_o the_o king_n make_v by_o virtue_n of_o his_o prerogative_n and_o absolute_a power_n in_o the_o government_n of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n without_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o if_o this_o ordinance_n so_o make_v have_v be_v think_v unlawful_a and_o against_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_a it_o will_v never_o have_v be_v approve_v and_o confirm_v by_o the_o judgement_n of_o so_o many_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n of_o rich._n 2._o hen._n 4._o hen._n 5._o and_o edw._n 4._o neither_o can_v there_o have_v be_v such_o heavy_a penalty_n lay_v by_o those_o parliament_n upon_o the_o transgressor_n of_o those_o ordinance_n insomuch_o as_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o it_o be_v make_v felony_n to_o transport_v any_o merchandize_n to_o any_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n but_o to_o calais_n only_o now_o the_o staple_n of_o calais_n be_v thus_o establish_v there_o do_v arise_v a_o double_a profit_n to_o the_o crown_n for_o transport_n of_o merchandize_n over_o and_o above_o the_o ancient_a custom_n and_o other_o subsidy_n grant_v by_o parliament_n first_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n for_o merchandize_n transport_v out_o of_o england_n wales_n and_o ireland_n which_o before_o be_v single_a and_o pay_v but_o once_o that_o be_v upon_o the_o outgate_n after_o the_o establish_n of_o the_o staple_n at_o calais_n the_o duty_n for_o the_o same_o merchandize_n become_v double_a at_o the_o least_o and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n treble_a and_o be_v ever_o pay_v twice_o and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n thrice_o namely_o once_o upon_o the_o outgate_n in_o the_o port_n of_o england_n wales_n and_o ireland_n second_o upon_o the_o ingate_n at_o calais_n and_o because_o all_o the_o commodity_n bring_v into_o calais_n can_v not_o be_v vent_v into_o the_o main_a land_n there_o but_o the_o great_a part_n be_v to_o be_v export_v again_o by_o sea_n into_o high_a or_o low_a germany_n and_o other_o the_o north-east_n country_n and_o some_o into_o spain_n and_o italy_n and_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o levant_n there_o do_v arise_v a_o three_o payment_n of_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n for_o so_o much_o of_o their_o commodity_n as_o be_v export_v again_o cut_v of_o calais_n by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n do_v amount_v to_o threescore_o thousand_o or_o threescore_o and_o ten_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a per_fw-la annum_fw-la in_o the_o latter_a time_n of_o king_n edw._n 3._o 3._o and_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o rich._n 2._o hen._n 4._o 4._o hen._n 5._o 5._o and_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n 6._o as_o appear_v by_o the_o record_n of_o the_o exchequer_n of_o england_n which_o according_a to_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n at_o this_o day_n the_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v now_o raise_v from_o two_o shilling_n to_o five_o shilling_n do_v make_v two_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a per_fw-la annum_fw-la which_o do_v equal_a or_o surmount_v all_o the_o custom_n subsidy_n and_o imposition_n receive_v at_o this_o day_n though_o that_o plenty_n of_o money_n and_o price_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o consequent_o the_o expense_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v exceed_o increase_v in_o these_o time_n and_o albeit_o the_o breach_n of_o amity_n between_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n who_o be_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o low_a germany_n in_o the_o weak_a and_o unfortunate_a time_n of_o king_n hen._n 6._o do_v cause_v a_o stop_n of_o trade_n between_o we_o and_o that_o country_n into_o which_o the_o great_a part_n of_o our_o staple_n ware_n especial_o wool_n and_o cloth_n be_v vent_v and_o utter_v and_o be_v likewise_o the_o cause_n of_o loss_n of_o all_o our_o territory_n in_o france_n except_o calais_n and_o all_o the_o merchandize_n thereof_o whereby_o the_o custom_n and_o other_o duty_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o that_o unhappy_a prince_n withdraw_v and_o diminish_v to_o a_o low_a proportion_n yet_o afterwards_o upon_o the_o marriage_n of_o margaret_n sister_n to_o king_n e._n 4._o unto_o the_o lord_n duke_n of_o burgundy_n as_o that_o in_o honour_n of_o the_o english_a wool_n which_o bring_v so_o much_o gold_n into_o his_o country_n he_o institute_v the_o order_n of_o the_o golden_a fleece_n and_o thereupon_o the_o custom_n subsidy_n and_o imposition_n be_v raise_v again_o to_o so_o high_a a_o revenue_n as_o our_o king_n can_v not_o well_o in_o policy_n strain_v that_o strength_n of_o profit_n upon_o merchandize_n any_o high_a second_o albeit_o the_o staple_n establish_v at_o calais_n be_v first_o establish_v by_o a_o order_n make_v by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n and_o absolute_a power_n be_v afterwards_o approve_v and_o confirm_v by_o sundry_a act_n of_o parliament_n yet_o do_v the_o king_n by_o another_o prerogative_n retain_v a_o power_n to_o dispense_v with_o that_o ordinance_n and_o those_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o to_o give_v licence_n to_o such_o and_o so_o many_o merchant_n as_o himself_o think_v fit_a to_o export_v any_o merchandize_n out_o of_o england_n wales_n and_o ireland_n unto_o any_o other_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n beside_o à _fw-la non_fw-la obstante_fw-la of_o the_o first_o ordinance_n and_o of_o the_o statute_n which_o do_v establish_v the_o staple_n at_o calais_n by_o virtue_n of_o this_o prerogative_n and_o power_n the_o several_a king_n who_o have_v calais_n in_o their_o possession_n do_v grant_v so_o many_o licence_n to_o merchant_n as_o well_o alien_n as_o denizen_n to_o transport_v our_o staple_n commodity_n immediate_o into_o other_o place_n without_o come_v to_o calais_n for_o which_o licence_n whereof_o there_o be_v a_o incredible_a number_n find_v in_o the_o record_n of_o england_n the_o merchant_n pay_v so_o dear_a for_o their_o commodity_n especial_o the_o genoese_n and_o the_o venetian_n and_o other_o merchant_n of_o the_o levant_n as_o by_o the_o profit_n make_v of_o those_o licence_n do_v amount_v to_o double_v the_o value_n of_o those_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n payable_a for_o exportation_n thereof_o and_o thereof_o those_o prince_n as_o they_o have_v the_o less_o need_n so_o have_v they_o no_o reason_n at_o all_o to_o charge_v the_o trade_n of_o merchandize_n with_o any_o other_o or_o great_a imposition_n in_o these_o two_o point_n before_o express_v do_v consist_v the_o principal_a cause_n why_o the_o prince_n of_o england_n who_o succeed_v king_n edw._n 3._o who_o win_v calais_n until_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n mary_n who_o lose_v calais_n do_v not_o direct_o use_v their_o prerogative_n in_o set_v any_o other_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n above_o the_o ancient_a custom_n and_o subsidy_n grant_v by_o parliament_n for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o most_o part_n of_o those_o prince_n who_o reign_v after_o k._n edw._n 3._o and_o before_o queen_n mary_n have_v the_o subsidy_n of_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n grant_v unto_o they_o by_o parliament_n which_o be_v add_v to_o the_o gain_n of_o the_o staple_n of_o calais_n do_v augment_v not_o a_o little_a the_o profit_n lay_v upon_o merchandize_n and_o may_v be_v a_o reason_n likewise_o why_o those_o king_n do_v forbear_v to_o lay_v any_o other_o imposition_n by_o their_o prerogative_n
we_o may_v add_v hereunto_o other_o reason_n first_o rich._n 2._o be_v a_o minor_a and_o overruled_a by_o the_o great_a prince_n of_o the_o blood_n who_o will_v not_o suffer_v he_o to_o use_v his_o prerogative_n second_o that_o during_o the_o war_n of_o lancaster_n and_o york_n there_o be_v no_o fit_a time_n to_o make_v use_n of_o that_o prerogative_n while_o both_o party_n do_v strive_v to_o win_v the_o favour_n of_o the_o people_n three_o that_o king_n hen._n 7._o have_v much_o ado_n to_o settle_v himself_o in_o the_o quiet_a possession_n of_o the_o kingdom_n after_o those_o trouble_n four_o that_o king_n h._n 8._o have_v such_o a_o mass_n of_o treasure_n leave_v he_o by_o his_o father_n and_o do_v so_o enrich_v himself_o by_o dissolution_n of_o abbey_n as_o he_o have_v no_o need_n to_o make_v use_n of_o this_o prerogative_n five_o that_o k._n e._n 6._o be_v also_o a_o minor_a and_o that_o his_o chief_a council_n do_v more_o contend_v to_o advance_v their_o own_o house_n than_o the_o king_n profit_n chap._n xviii_o that_o queen_n mary_n do_v use_v her_o prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n queen_n mary_n in_o who_o time_n the_o town_n of_o calais_n be_v lose_v and_o consequent_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o staple_n at_o calais_n be_v lose_v do_v by_o her_o absolute_a power_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o report_n of_o the_o lord_n dyer_n 1_o eliz._n dyer_n 165._o eliz._n raise_v a_o imposition_n upon_o clothes_n viz._n six_o shilling_n and_o eight_o penny_n upon_o every_o cloth_n over_o and_o above_o all_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o merchant_n petition_v to_o be_v disburden_v of_o this_o imposition_n which_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o other_o whereupon_o they_o have_v many_o assembly_n and_o conference_n as_o that_o book_n report_v and_o albeit_o the_o resolution_n of_o the_o judge_n in_o that_o behalf_n be_v not_o find_v in_o that_o book_n it_o be_v to_o be_v presume_v that_o they_o adjudge_v the_o imposition_n to_o be_v just_a and_o lawful_a because_o it_o be_v continue_v and_o answer_v during_o all_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n mary_n this_o queen_n mary_n likewise_o by_o she_o preroone_o lay_v a_o imposition_n of_o four_o mark_n upon_o every_o tun_n of_o french_a wine_n over_o and_o above_o the_o prizage_n and_o buttlerage_n which_o during_o her_o life_n time_n be_v pay_v without_o contradiction_n chap._n xix_o that_o queen_n elizabeth_n also_o use_v her_o prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n queen_n elizabeth_n also_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o same_o prerogative_n do_v not_o only_o continue_v the_o imposition_n lay_v by_o queen_n mary_n upon_o clothes_n and_o french_a wine_n but_o do_v raise_v other_o imposition_n of_o sundry_a sort_n of_o merchandize_n by_o the_o same_o absolute_a power_n namely_o upon_o every_o tun_n of_o sweet_a wine_n upon_o every_o tun_n of_o rhenish_a wine_n upon_o every_o kental_a of_o allom_n which_o during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o prudent_a princess_n be_v pay_v and_o receive_v without_o question_n beside_o the_o same_o queen_n upon_o complaint_n make_v unto_o she_o in_o the_o twelve_o year_n of_o her_o reign_n eliz._n that_o the_o state_n of_o venice_n do_v impose_v one_o ducat_n upon_o every_o hundred_o of_o currant_n export_v out_o of_o their_o dominion_n by_o the_o merchant_n of_o england_n do_v by_o her_o letter_n patent_n grant_v unto_o the_o english_a merchant_n who_o trade_v into_o the_o levant_n that_o they_o only_o and_o their_o assign_v may_v bring_v currant_n into_o england_n the_o english_a merchant_n have_v this_o privilege_n do_v take_v five_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n upon_o every_o hundred_o weight_n of_o currant_n bring_v into_o england_n by_o stranger_n which_o be_v due_o pay_v although_o it_o be_v take_v by_o the_o merchant_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o privilege_n only_o of_o fortiori_fw-la yet_o it_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v pay_v if_o it_o have_v be_v payable_a to_o the_o queen_n herself_o as_o the_o lord_n chief_a baron_n fleming_n do_v observe_v in_o his_o argument_n of_o bate_n case_n of_o currant_n in_o the_o court_n of_o exchequer_n in_o england_n chap._n xx_o that_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n james_n have_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o same_o prerogative_n without_o act_n of_o parliament_n lay_v several_a imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n his_o majesty_n likewise_o when_o he_o come_v to_o be_v king_n of_o england_n find_v his_o crown_n to_o be_v seize_v of_o this_o prerogative_n and_o find_v withal_o the_o necessary_a charge_n of_o the_o crown_n exceed_o to_o increase_n do_v for_o the_o supportation_n thereof_o not_o only_o continue_v the_o imposition_n lay_v by_o queen_n mary_n and_o queen_n elizabeth_n but_o also_o lay_v new_a imposition_n upon_o sundry_a sort_n of_o merchandize_n over_o and_o above_o all_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n former_o due_a and_o payable_a for_o the_o same_o and_o these_o be_v the_o imposition_n now_o the_o principal_a of_o these_o be_v twelve_o penny_n upon_o the_o pound_n or_o a_o second_o poundage_n set_v upon_o merchandize_n as_o well_o export_v as_o import_v by_o letter_n patent_n 28._o july_n iac._n in_o the_o six_o year_n of_o his_o majesty_n reign_n but_o how_o be_v it_o set_v and_o impose_v sure_o with_o such_o moderation_n and_o limitation_n and_o such_o receptation_n full_a of_o grace_n and_o favour_n as_o no_o monarch_n or_o state_n in_o the_o world_n do_v ever_o impart_v to_o their_o subject_n the_o like_a in_o the_o like_a case_n for_o beside_o other_o gracious_a clause_n contain_v in_o the_o same_o letter_n patent_n all_o commodity_n serve_v either_o for_o food_n or_o sustenance_n of_o the_o king_n people_n or_o set_v the_o poor_a on_o work_n or_o for_o munition_n or_o defence_n of_o the_o realm_n or_o for_o maintenance_n of_o navigation_n or_o which_o especial_o tend_v to_o the_o enrich_n of_o a_o kingdom_n be_v except_v and_o discharge_v by_o this_o imposition_n as_o for_o the_o special_a imposition_n which_o his_o majesty_n have_v set_v upon_o certain_a foreign_a commodity_n as_o currant_n logwood_n tobacco_n etc._n etc._n as_o touch_v the_o first_o of_o these_o the_o imposition_n have_v be_v adjudge_v lawful_a in_o the_o court_n of_o exchequer_n of_o england_n and_o for_o the_o other_o commodity_n they_o be_v of_o such_o nature_n as_o no_o man_n ever_o make_v question_n but_o that_o the_o imposition_n set_v upon_o they_o be_v lawful_a beside_o these_o imposition_n lay_v in_o england_n his_o majesty_n by_o his_o prerogative_n only_o since_o the_o beginning_n of_o his_o reign_n receive_v the_o impost_n of_o wine_n in_o ireland_n and_o have_v likewise_o to_o make_v equality_n of_o trade_n in_o that_o realm_n lay_v a_o imposition_n of_o twelve_o penny_n on_o the_o pound_n of_o all_o other_o merchandize_n import_v and_o export_v out_o of_o the_o port_n of_o dublin_n waterford_n drogheda_n and_o galway_n the_o citizen_n of_o which_o city_n and_o town_n be_v exempt_v and_o discharge_v of_o poundage_n grant_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n there_o which_o imposition_n be_v never_o impugn_v in_o ireland_n but_o have_v since_o the_o set_v thereof_o be_v levy_v and_o pay_v without_o contradiction_n and_o that_o we_o see_v how_o long_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n have_v be_v seize_v of_o this_o prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n and_o how_o the_o same_o have_v be_v put_v in_o practice_n by_o the_o most_o prudent_a prince_n since_o the_o conquest_n chap._n xxi_o the_o general_a reason_n whereupon_o this_o prerogative_n be_v ground_v although_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o difficulty_n and_o do_v savour_n withal_o of_o curiosity_n and_o presumption_n to_o search_v a_o reason_n for_o every_o prerogative_n that_o be_v incident_a to_o the_o crown_n for_o sacrilegii_fw-la est_fw-la disputare_fw-la de_fw-la principis_fw-la facto_fw-la say_v the_o imperial_a law_n and_o scrutator_fw-la majestatis_fw-la opprimitur_fw-la à _fw-la gloria_fw-la say_v the_o wise_a man_n yet_o the_o reason_n whereupon_o this_o prerogative_n be_v ground_v be_v so_o many_o and_o manifest_a as_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o collect_v the_o principal_a of_o they_o rather_o for_o the_o confirmation_n than_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o such_o as_o have_v move_v this_o question_n touch_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o imposition_n lay_v by_o his_o majesty_n upon_o merchandize_n first_o the_o king_n be_v the_o fountain_n of_o all_o justice_n and_o therefore_o the_o first_o reason_n draw_v from_o the_o king_n charge_n in_o do_v justice_n and_o procure_v justice_n to_o be_v do_v to_o merchant_n not_o only_o distributive_a justice_n wherein_o consist_v praemium_fw-la and_o paena_fw-la but_o commutative_a justice_n be_v also_o derive_v from_o the_o king_n now_o his_o majesty_n do_v exercise_v commutative_a justice_n chief_o in_o the_o order_n and_o government_n of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n wherein_o he_o be_v to_o do_v justice_n or_o to_o procure_v justice_n to_o
from_o the_o interest_n the_o king_n have_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o custody_n thereof_o which_o give_v he_o power_n to_o shut_v and_o open_v the_o same_o at_o his_o pleasure_n again_o all_o the_o port_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v the_o king_n not_o only_o the_o cinque-port_n which_o have_v a_o special_a warden_n appoint_v by_o the_o king_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o port_n be_v also_o his_o and_o many_o of_o they_o bear_v a_o mark_n of_o the_o king_n inheritance_n in_o their_o addition_n as_o linn_n regis_fw-la waymouth_n melcombe_n regis_fw-la pool_n regis_fw-la for_o the_o king_n be_v custos_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la regni_fw-la as_o the_o four_o sea_n be_v the_o wall_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o the_o haven_n and_o creek_n be_v the_o gate_n and_o postern_n of_o it_o they_o be_v ostia_n they_o be_v ianua_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o we_o find_v two_o port_n in_o italy_n call_v by_o those_o name_n the_o one_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o tiber_n the_o other_o corrupt_o call_v genoa_n but_o the_o true_a name_n thereof_o be_v ianua_fw-la and_o as_o the_o haven_n be_v ianua_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o king_n himself_o be_v janus_n and_o have_v power_n to_o open_v and_o shut_v they_o at_o his_o pleasure_n omnia_fw-la sunt_fw-la nostra_fw-la clausa_fw-la patentque_fw-la manu_fw-la say_v janus_n in_o the_o poet_n and_o again_o modo_fw-la namque_fw-la patulchus_fw-la idem_fw-la et_fw-la modo_fw-la sacrifico_fw-la clusius_n ore_fw-la vocor_fw-la the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v ever_o have_v this_o prerogative_n incident_a to_o his_o crown_n to_o shut_v and_o open_v the_o port_n when_o it_o please_v he_o as_o appear_v by_o many_o record_n especial_o by_o the_o parliament_n roll_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edw._n 3._o 3._o wherein_o be_v find_v many_o petition_n that_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v open_a which_o during_o that_o king_n time_n be_v often_o shut_v by_o virtue_n of_o his_o prerogative_n only_o and_o never_o full_o open_v again_o but_o when_o the_o king_n lay_v a_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n and_o this_o prerogative_n of_o custody_n of_o the_o port_n and_o of_o shut_v and_o open_v the_o same_o be_v reserve_v unto_o the_o crown_n upon_o a_o excellent_a reason_n for_o trade_n and_o commerce_n be_v not_o fit_a to_o be_v hold_v with_o all_o person_n neither_o be_v all_o thing_n fit_a to_o be_v import_v or_o export_v for_o such_o person_n as_o be_v enemy_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o come_v to_o discover_v arcana_fw-la regni_fw-la such_o person_n as_o come_v to_o corrupt_v religion_n or_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o people_n such_o person_n as_o under_o colour_n of_o merchandize_n come_v to_o set_v up_o monopoly_n or_o a_o dry_a exchange_n to_o drain_v or_o draw_v away_o our_o commodity_n or_o money_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v not_o fit_a to_o enter_v in_o at_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o again_o such_o commodity_n as_o the_o kingdom_n can_v spare_v as_o corn_n in_o time_n of_o dearth_n and_o such_o as_o may_v advantage_v our_o enemy_n and_o hurt_v we_o in_o time_n of_o war_n as_o horse_n armour_n gunpowder_n etc._n etc._n be_v not_o fit_a to_o be_v export_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n and_o poison_n heretical_a book_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v apparent_o hurtful_a to_o the_o people_n be_v not_o to_o be_v import_v and_o therefore_o the_o prerogative_n of_o open_v and_o shut_v the_o port_n be_v accompany_v with_o another_o absolute_a power_n of_o stop_v and_o imbar_v of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n sometime_o general_o sometime_o between_o we_o and_o particular_a nation_n and_o sometime_o for_o particular_a merchandize_n only_o whereof_o there_o be_v many_o precedent_n and_o example_n both_o in_o record_n and_o history_n of_o our_o nation_n 2_o edw._n 1._o 1._o rot._n parliament_n m._n 18._o in_fw-la archivis_fw-la turris_fw-la 2_o edw._n 3._o 3._o rot._n fin_n m._n 17._o ibid._n 10_o edw._n 3._o 3._o chaunc_fw-la m._n 3._o in_fw-la dorso_fw-la ibid._n 17_o hen._n 6._o 4_o sccio_fw-mi angliae_fw-la matthew_n paris_n hist._n magna_fw-la p._n 568._o 568._o 10_o hen._n 7._o stow._n stow._n and_o this_o prerogative_n of_o imbar_v trade_n do_v result_v out_o of_o the_o undoubted_a prerogative_n which_o the_o king_n have_v to_o make_v peace_n and_o war_n with_o foreign_a nation_n for_o open_a war_n be_v no_o soon_o denounce_v but_o all_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n be_v stop_v and_o imbar_v between_o the_o nation_n which_o be_v engage_v in_o the_o war_n durante_fw-la bello_fw-la inter_fw-la reges_fw-la christianos_fw-la merces_fw-la quascunque_fw-la exportare_fw-la vetamur_fw-la ne_fw-la regni_fw-la arcana_fw-la scrutentur_fw-la say_v a_o doctor_n of_o the_o imperial_a law_n whereupon_o we_o make_v this_o argument_n that_o since_o the_o king_n have_v absolute_a power_n of_o shut_v the_o port_n and_o stop_v trade_n it_o stand_v with_o as_o good_a reason_n that_o he_o shall_v have_v the_o like_a power_n to_o lay_v reasonable_a imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n for_o open_v of_o the_o port_n and_o for_o give_v of_o freedom_n of_o trade_n again_o he_o that_o may_v do_v the_o more_o may_v do_v the_o less_o non_fw-la debet_fw-la ei_fw-la cui_fw-la id_fw-la quod_fw-la majus_fw-la est_fw-la id_fw-la quod_fw-la minus_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la licere_fw-la say_v the_o rule_n of_o the_o law_n he_o that_o may_v prohibit_v merchant_n not_o to_o trade_n or_o pass_v may_v dispense_v with_o that_o prohibition_n and_o give_v they_o leave_v to_o go_v and_o traffic_n sub_fw-la modo_fw-la again_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v dominus_fw-la maris_fw-la which_o flow_v about_o the_o island_n as_o divers_a ancient_a book_n and_o record_n do_v testify_v as_o fitz_n avowry_n 192._o 6_o rich._n 2._o protection_n 46._o rot._n scotiae_fw-la m._n 16._o in_o arch._n turris_n turris_fw-la and_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n not_o only_o quoad_fw-la protectionem_fw-la et_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la sed_fw-la quoad_fw-la proprietatem_fw-la and_o this_o be_v our_o neptune_n trident_n for_o god_n give_v unto_o man_n as_o well_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o of_o the_o earth_n where_o it_o be_v say_v gen._n 1._o 1._o replete_a terram_fw-la et_fw-la subjicite_fw-la eam_fw-la and_o dominamini_fw-la piscibus_fw-la maris_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o in_fw-la psal._n 8._o omnia_fw-la subjecit_fw-la pedibus_fw-la ejus_fw-la pisces_fw-la maris_fw-la et_fw-la quicquid_fw-la perambulat_fw-la semitas_fw-la maris_fw-la and_o therefore_o baldus_n baldus_n affirm_v de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la distincta_fw-la esse_fw-la dominia_fw-la in_fw-la mare_fw-la sicut_fw-la in_fw-la terra_fw-la arida_fw-la and_o again_o mare_fw-la attribuitur_fw-la terrae_fw-la circunstanti_fw-la hence_o it_o be_v though_o there_o be_v but_o one_o ocean_n in_o resepct_n whereof_o the_o whole_a earth_n be_v quasi_fw-la insula_fw-la say_v strabo_n strabo_n yet_o be_v there_o mare_n gallicum_n sardicum_fw-la creticum_n aegypticum_fw-la and_o oceanus_fw-la britanicus_n germanicus_n etc._n etc._n which_o particular_a name_n do_v note_v a_o propriety_n in_o the_o prince_n and_o state_n who_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o land_n adjoin_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o our_o common_a law_n do_v give_v unto_o our_o king_n all_o the_o land_n which_o be_v gain_v from_o the_o sea_n which_o stampford_n stampford_v in_o the_o book_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n do_v affirm_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la quia_fw-la mare_fw-la seu_fw-la particula_fw-la maris_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-la territorio_fw-la illius_fw-la civitatis_fw-la vel_fw-la regni_fw-la cui_fw-la magis_fw-la appropinquat_fw-la say_v one_o learned_a doctor_n mare_fw-la se_fw-la extendit_fw-la cum_fw-la aquae_fw-la sint_fw-la mensurabiles_fw-la say_v another_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o all_o navigable_a river_n as_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n and_o the_o river_n of_o lee_n and_o divers_a other_o be_v call_v in_o our_o book_n the_o king_n stream_n 19_o ass._n p._n 6._o 6._o dyer_n 117._o a._o because_o such_o river_n be_v arm_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o far_o as_o the_o sea_n do_v flow_v in_o they_o 22._o ass._n p._n 93._o 93._o and_o last_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o by_o the_o common_a law_n the_o king_n may_v prohibit_v all_o subject_n whatsoever_o to_o pass_v over_o the_o sea_n without_o his_o licence_n and_o to_o that_o end_n in_o 22_o edw._n 4._o 4._o the_o king_n command_v the_o warden_n of_o the_o cinque ports_o and_o the_o bailiff_n of_o all_o other_o port_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o suffer_v any_o man_n ship_n or_o boat_n to_o pass_v beyond_o the_o sea_n quousque_fw-la rex_fw-la illud_fw-la mandaverit_fw-la and_o the_o like_a commandment_n be_v give_v 4_o edw._n 3._o 3._o 21_o edw._n 3._o 3._o 16_o rich._n 2._o 2._o 17_o hen._n 6._o 6._o if_o therefore_o the_o king_n have_v such_o a_o absolute_a interest_n in_o the_o port_n and_o in_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o all_o navigable_a river_n wherein_o the_o king_n port_n be_v situate_v for_o the_o main_a part_n why_o shall_v he_o not_o have_v the_o like_a absolute_a power_n to_o limit_v and_o prescribe_v unto_o
parliament_n against_o imposition_n lay_v by_o that_o king_n upon_o merchandize_n upon_o view_n of_o the_o record_n wherein_o these_o petition_n be_v contain_v with_o their_o answer_n make_v by_o the_o king_n thereunto_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o neither_o the_o petition_n of_o the_o people_n nor_o the_o king_n answer_n thereunto_o do_v disprove_v this_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n to_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n for_o petition_n do_v not_o of_o necessity_n prove_v or_o suppose_v the_o petitioner_n have_v receive_v wrong_n petition_n be_v of_o divers_a kind_n 1._o there_o be_v petition_n of_o grace_n answer_n which_o do_v not_o insist_v upon_o any_o right_a but_o upon_o mere_a grace_n and_o favour_n 2._o there_o be_v petition_n of_o right_n wherein_o the_o petitioner_n do_v set_v forth_o a_o pretend_a right_n and_o yet_o perhaps_o upon_o examination_n it_o be_v find_v that_o they_o have_v not_o right_o at_o all_o and_o common_o they_o ask_v more_o than_o their_o right_n be_v iniquum_fw-la pet_n as_o ut_fw-la aequum_fw-la fer_fw-la as_o 3._o there_o be_v petition_n armatae_fw-la when_o a_o company_n of_o rebel_n arm_v against_o the_o crown_n do_v yet_o prefer_v their_o petition_n but_o with_o a_o intent_n to_o effect_v their_o desire_n whether_o it_o be_v right_a or_o wrong_n if_o their_o petition_n be_v not_o grant_v et_fw-la stricto_fw-la supplicat_fw-la ense_fw-la petens_fw-la many_o of_o their_o arm_a petition_n be_v exhibit_v during_o the_o baron_n war_n during_o the_o war_n of_o lancaster_n and_o york_n and_o in_o sundry_a popular_a comotion_n since_o the_o conquest_n but_o these_o petition_n which_o we_o speak_v of_o be_v make_v by_o the_o commons_o or_o by_o some_o factious_a spirit_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o sundry_a parliament_n hold_v during_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n edw._n 3._o howbeit_o if_o we_o look_v upon_o the_o form_n of_o these_o petition_n we_o shall_v find_v there_o be_v nothing_o seek_v but_o grace_n and_o favour_n and_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o king_n answer_n though_o many_o of_o they_o be_v very_o gracious_a we_o shall_v find_v he_o therein_o much_o reserve_v and_o withal_o circumspect_a not_o to_o prejudice_v or_o conclude_v his_o prerogative_n in_o point_n of_o right_a the_o form_n of_o these_o petition_n be_v for_o most_o part_n but_o thus_o the_o commons_o pray_v that_o the_o imsition_n or_o maletolt_n of_o forty_o shilling_n upon_o every_o sack_n of_o wool_n may_v cease_v or_o be_v take_v away_o and_o that_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o demi_a mark_n may_v only_o be_v take_v or_o thus_o the_o commons_n pray_v that_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v open_a to_o all_o manner_n of_o merchant_n and_o merchandize_n as_o it_o have_v be_v in_o former_a time_n herein_o we_o find_v no_o claim_n or_o challenge_v of_o right_a but_o a_o modest_a prayer_n of_o grace_n and_o favour_n unless_o the_o word_n maletolt_n may_v seem_v to_o imply_v a_o wrong_n because_o some_o do_v conceive_v that_o the_o word_n do_v signify_v a_o evil_a toll_n 〈…〉_z whereas_o indeed_o the_o word_n do_v signify_v toll-money_n for_o mail_n in_o old_a french_a be_v a_o small_a piece_n of_o money_n and_o therefore_o the_o rent_n take_v by_o force_n in_o the_o border_n of_o scotland_n be_v call_v blackmayle_n and_o the_o word_n maletolt_n in_o some_o of_o our_o old_a statute_n be_v take_v in_fw-la bonam_fw-la partem_fw-la which_o speak_v of_o droitural_a maletolt_n but_o in_o what_o form_n do_v edw._n 3._o make_v his_o answer_n to_o those_o petition_n in_o divers_a form_n according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o occasion_n and_o reason_n of_o state_n but_o always_o in_o a_o gentle_a and_o gracious_a manner_n sometime_o he_o grant_v the_o petition_n in_o part_n only_o for_o a_o certain_a time_n or_o after_o a_o certain_a time_n expire_v that_o his_o people_n may_v know_v that_o as_o he_o receive_v part_n of_o the_o petition_n so_o he_o may_v have_v reject_v the_o whole_a if_o he_o may_v have_v be_v so_o please_v sometime_o he_o grant_v the_o whole_a petition_n yet_o not_o absolute_o but_o conditional_o that_o he_o may_v receive_v a_o great_a recompense_n but_o wheresoever_o he_o do_v frank_o yield_v to_o remit_v any_o imposition_n we_o find_v in_o the_o same_o record_n a_o subsidy_n grant_v unto_o he_o of_o far_o great_a value_n and_o profit_n than_o the_o imposition_n by_o he_o remit_v wherein_o we_o perceive_v that_o he_o follow_v the_o wise_a counsel_n of_o roaboham_n old_a counsellor_n give_v in_o the_o like_a case_n of_o imposition_n 3_o king_n cap._n 12._o 12._o sihodie_fw-la obedieris_fw-la populo_fw-la huic_fw-la et_fw-la petitioni_fw-la eorum_fw-la cesseris_fw-la locutusque_fw-la diebus_fw-la etc._n etc._n sometime_o he_o give_v a_o general_a or_o doubtful_a answer_n and_o sometime_o he_o be_v silent_a and_o give_v no_o answer_n at_o all_o so_o as_o he_o do_v never_o bind_v nor_o conclude_v himself_o by_o any_o of_o those_o answer_n to_o those_o petition_n but_o with_o such_o reservation_n as_o he_o may_v still_o make_v use_n of_o his_o prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n to_o demonstrate_v this_o point_n more_o plain_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o out_o of_o many_o record_n which_o i_o have_v see_v and_o whereof_o i_o have_v the_o copy_n transcribe_v out_o of_o the_o record_n themselves_o with_o my_o own_o hand_n to_o select_v and_o set_v down_o some_o of_o those_o answer_n in_o any_o of_o the_o kind_n aforesaid_a in_o 14_o edw._n 3._o cap._n 21._o 12._o the_o commons_n pray_v the_o king_n that_o he_o will_v grant_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n that_o no_o more_o custom_n shall_v be_v take_v for_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n but_o a_o demi_a mark_n nor_o for_o lead_n nor_o tin_n nor_o leather_n nor_o wool-fell_n but_o the_o old_a custom_n this_o petition_n be_v general_a and_o extend_v to_o all_o staple_n commodity_n without_o exception_n of_o person_n or_o limitation_n of_o time_n but_o what_o be_v the_o king_n answer_n that_o from_o the_o feast_n of_o pentecost_n which_o come_v unto_o a_o year_n neither_o he_o nor_o his_o heir_n shall_v take_v of_o any_o englishman_n for_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n more_o custom_n than_o the_o half_a mark_n upon_o wool_n fell_v and_o leather_n no_o more_o than_o the_o old_a custom_n here_o this_o petition_n be_v grant_v but_o in_o part_n first_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o person_n for_o englishman_n only_o be_v favour_v and_o stranger_n be_v omit_v second_o only_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o commodity_n for_o wool-fell_n and_o leather_n only_o be_v exempt_v and_o tin_n and_o lead_n remain_v to_o be_v charge_v as_o before_o three_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o time_n for_o the_o king_n continue_v his_o imposition_n former_o lay_v for_o a_o year_n and_o more_o notwithstanding_o that_o petition_n but_o let_v we_o see_v withal_o what_o the_o king_n do_v gain_v in_o parliament_n upon_o yield_v to_o the_o people_n petition_n but_o in_o part_n in_o the_o first_o session_n of_o this_o parliament_n it_o be_v grant_v that_o every_o man_n who_o shall_v ship_v wool_n over_o the_o sea_n shall_v find_v surety_n to_o bring_v in_o upon_o his_o first_o return_n for_o every_o sack_n of_o wool_n two_o mark_n of_o silver_n plate_n or_o bullion_n and_o to_o deliver_v it_o to_o the_o king_n executor_n and_o in_o the_o next_o session_n there_o be_v grant_v unto_o he_o the_o nine_o fleece_n the_o nine_o lamb_n and_o the_o nine_o sheaf_n of_o corn_n throughout_o the_o realm_n which_o the_o people_n do_v often_o time_n redeem_v with_o a_o gift_n of_o twenty_o thousand_o sack_n of_o wool_n here_o we_o see_v the_o fruit_n that_o the_o king_n make_v by_o follow_v of_o rehoboam_n old_a counsellor_n and_o yet_o out_o of_o this_o grant_n and_o remission_n make_v by_o the_o king_n who_o can_v draw_v a_o argument_n against_o the_o king_n right_a in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n again_o 3._o 29_o edw._n 3._o when_o there_o lie_v a_o imposition_n of_o forty_o shilling_n upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n above_o the_o old_a custom_n a_o conference_n be_v have_v between_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o in_o the_o white-chamber_n at_o westmin_n where_o after_o a_o short_a parliament_n say_v the_o record_n 29_o edw._n 3._o rot._n parliament_n numb._n 11._o in_o arch._n turris_n it_o be_v conclude_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v a_o great_a subsidy_n out_o of_o wool_n wool-fell_n and_o leather_n for_o six_o year_n so_o as_o during_o that_o time_n the_o king_n do_v lay_v no_o other_o imposition_n or_o charge_n upon_o the_o commons_o here_o be_v a_o conditional_a agreement_n between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o people_n and_o here_o the_o king_n do_v remit_v his_o power_n of_o imposition_n for_o a_o recompense_n of_o great_a value_n and_o this_o be_v a_o strong_a argument_n that_o the_o king_n have_v right_a to_o impose_v otherwise_o the_o people_n will_v never_o have_v buy_v
their_o freedom_n from_o imposition_n at_o so_o high_a a_o rate_n or_o price_n the_o like_a conditional_a agreement_n between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o people_n we_o find_v in_o 6_o edw._n 3._o 3._o rot._n parliament_n numb._n 4._o 13_o 13_o ed._n 3._o 3._o rot._n parliament_n numb._n 5._o 18_o 18_o edw._n 3._o 3._o rot._n parliament_n numb._n 10._o 26._o in_o arch._n turris_n turris_n in_o 28_o edw._n 3._o 3._o rot._n parliament_n numb._n 26._o 27._o the_o commons_o complain_v of_o a_o excessive_a imposition_n upon_o wool-fell_n and_o desire_v that_o the_o old_a custom_n may_v he_o pay_v the_o king_n answer_n be_v the_o old_a custom_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v withdraw_v in_o 38_o edw._n 3._o 3._o rot._n parliament_n numb._n 26._o 26._o the_o commons_o desire_v that_o a_o imposition_n of_o three_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n upon_o every_o sack_n of_o wool_n at_o calais_n and_o all_o unreasonable_a imposition_n be_v repeal_v the_o king_n answer_n unto_o this_o be_v it_o please_v the_o king_n that_o all_o unreasonable_a imposition_n be_v repeal_v like_v unto_o this_o be_v that_o answer_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o 6_o edw._n 3._o 3._o numb._n 4._o in_o arch._n turris_n 4._o when_o petition_n be_v make_v for_o remittal_n of_o imposition_n i_o shall_v say_v the_o king_n assess_v no_o such_o tallage_n in_o time_n to_o come_v but_o in_o manner_n as_o it_o have_v be_v in_o time_n of_o my_o ancestor_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v by_o reason_n can_v any_o wit_n of_o man_n pick_v any_o argument_n out_o of_o these_o answer_n against_o the_o right_a of_o the_o crown_n in_o set_v impositiout_a upon_o merchandize_n last_o in_o 13_o edw._n 3._o rot._n parliament_n numb._n 13._o the_o commons_o pray_v that_o the_o maletolt_n of_o wool_n may_v be_v take_v as_o it_o be_v use_v in_o former_a time_n be_v then_o enhance_v without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o commons_o to_o this_o petition_n there_o be_v no_o answer_n find_v of_o record_n the_o king_n be_v silent_a and_o give_v no_o answer_n at_o all_o which_o doubtless_o the_o king_n have_v not_o refuse_v to_o do_v if_o the_o petition_n have_v be_v exhibit_v in_o point_n of_o right_a and_o not_o in_o point_n of_o favour_n three_o touch_v the_o punish_n of_o the_o person_n before_o mention_v for_o procure_v of_o new_a imposition_n to_o be_v set_v upon_o merchandize_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v two_o circumstance_n first_o the_o time_n when_o and_o next_o the_o cause_n wherefore_o these_o person_n be_v call_v in_o question_n the_o time_n when_o these_o person_n be_v call_v to_o account_v be_v a_o parliament_n hold_v in_o 50_o edw._n 3._o the_o last_o year_n of_o that_o king_n reign_n at_o which_o time_n that_o great_a and_o renown_a prince_n who_o have_v be_v former_o assist_v by_o a_o most_o wise_a and_o politic_a council_n be_v become_v weak_a and_o stupid_a and_o almost_o in_o despair_n through_o sickness_n age_n melancholy_a conceit_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o his_o elder_a son_n the_o black_a prince_n and_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v ill-governed_a by_o a_o woman_n call_v alice_n perrey_n and_o her_o favourite_n the_o lord_n latimer_n upon_o which_o occasion_n and_o advantage_n the_o commons_o grow_v more_o bold_a than_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v in_o former_a parliament_n and_o therefore_o if_o aught_o have_v be_v do_v in_o that_o parliament_n which_o may_v prejudice_v the_o king_n prerogative_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v urge_v as_o a_o example_n or_o precedent_n in_o these_o time_n but_o in_o truth_n the_o cause_n for_o which_o these_o person_n be_v censure_v do_v rather_o approve_v the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o lay_v imposition_n than_o any_o way_n disaffirm_v the_o same_o 18._o first_o richard_n lion_n a_o farmer_n of_o the_o custom_n be_v accuse_v in_o this_o parliament_n by_o the_o commons_o that_o he_o have_v set_v and_o procure_v to_o be_v set_v upon_o wool_n and_o other_o merchandize_n certain_a new_a imposition_n without_o assent_n of_o parliament_n convert_v the_o same_o to_o his_o own_o use_n without_o control_n the_o high_a treasurer_n not_o be_v acquaint_v therewith_o the_o say_a richard_n assume_v to_o himself_o in_o divers_a thing_n as_o a_o king_n 50_o edw._n 3._o rot._n parliament_n numb._n 17,18,19_o 20._o this_o be_v his_o accusation_n and_o though_o his_o answer_n be_v that_o he_o set_v those_o imposition_n by_o the_o king_n commandment_n yet_o do_v he_o show_v no_o warrant_n for_o it_o and_o therefore_o be_v just_o punish_v with_o fine_a ransom_n disfranchisment_n and_o imprisonment_n but_o how_o may_v this_o insolency_n and_o misdemeanour_n of_o a_o subject_a be_v a_o argument_n against_o the_o right_a or_o prerogative_n of_o the_o king_n lion_n a_o merchant_n of_o his_o own_o head_n can_v set_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n ergo_o king_n edw._n 3._o a_o monarch_n of_o his_o royal_a authority_n can_v do_v it_o what_o a_o absurd_a argument_n be_v this_o as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v say_v it_o be_v high_a treason_n in_o a_o subject_a to_o coin_n money_n ergo_fw-la the_o king_n himself_o can_v do_v it_o or_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v do_v beside_o the_o accusation_n itself_o do_v imply_v that_o the_o king_n have_v power_n to_o impose_v upon_o merchandize_n because_o lion_n be_v charge_v be_v a_o subject_a to_o take_v upon_o he_o as_o a_o king_n in_o divers_a thing_n and_o namely_o in_o set_v of_o imposition_n as_o if_o they_o shall_v have_v say_v a_o king_n may_v do_v it_o but_o not_o a_o subject_a according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o imperial_a law_n solus_fw-la princeps_fw-la instituit_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la regni_fw-la tantum_fw-la juris_fw-la et_fw-la muneris_fw-la est_fw-la indicere_fw-la vectialia_fw-la imponere_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la maximi_fw-la imperii_fw-la est_fw-la inferior_a a_o principe_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la imponere_fw-la and_o the_o like_a and_o the_o bill_n exhibit_v by_o the_o commons_o in_o this_o parliament_n 50_o edw._n 3._o rot._n parliament_n 191._o pray_v that_o those_o that_o shall_v set_v new_a imposition_n by_o their_o own_o authority_n encroach_v unto_o themselves_o royal_a power_n may_v have_v judgement_n of_o life_n and_o member_n seem_v to_o be_v ground_v upon_o good_a reason_n and_o do_v prove_v it_o be_v a_o mark_n of_o sovereignty_n and_o royal_a power_n to_o set_v imposition_n and_o therefore_o if_o a_o subject_a of_o his_o own_o head_n of_o his_o own_o authority_n will_v presume_v to_o do_v it_o he_o be_v worthy_a to_o die_v for_o it_o and_o yet_o this_o bill_n do_v receive_v but_o a_o general_a answer_n viz._n let_v the_o common_a law_n run_v as_o it_o have_v be_v use_v heretofore_o touch_v the_o lord_n latimer_n censure_n ease_n he_o have_v not_o only_o upon_o his_o own_o head_n and_o authority_n set_v sundry_a imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n at_o calais_n where_o the_o staple_n there_o be_v much_o decay_v but_o he_o be_v charge_v with_o sundry_a other_o misdemeanour_n mention_v in_o the_o say_a roll_n namely_o that_o he_o bring_v in_o divers_a tally_n and_o ticket_n whereby_o the_o king_n be_v indebt_v unto_o his_o soldier_n and_o pensioner_n for_o which_o he_o give_v little_a or_o nothing_o to_o the_o party_n and_o yet_o have_v a_o entire_a allowance_n in_o the_o exchequer_n to_o the_o great_a damage_n of_o the_o king_n and_o scandal_n of_o the_o court_n that_o he_o have_v also_o deceive_v the_o king_n of_o the_o pay_n and_o wage_n which_o he_o have_v send_v unto_o his_o soldier_n in_o britain_n that_o he_o have_v sell_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o the_o king_n provision_n for_o his_o army_n there_o and_o convert_v the_o same_o to_o his_o own_o use_n and_o that_o he_o have_v deliver_v up_o the_o town_n of_o saint_n saviour_n it_o normandy_n and_o the_o town_n and_o fort_n of_o betherell_n in_o britainy_a not_o without_o suspicion_n of_o corruption_n and_o treason_n how_o can_v the_o lord_n latimer_n censure_n for_o these_o deceit_n and_o misdemeanour_n make_v a_o argument_n against_o the_o right_a of_o the_o crown_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o punishment_n of_o john_n peachy_n case_n who_o have_v get_v a_o patent_n that_o none_o shall_v sell_v sweet_a wine_n within_o the_o city_n of_o london_n but_o himself_o his_o deputy_n and_o assign_v by_o colour_n thereof_o do_v extort_v three_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n out_o of_o every_o pipe_n or_o vessel_n of_o sweet_a wine_n sell_v by_o other_o within_o the_o city_n shall_v this_o extortion_n commit_v by_o a_o subject_a by_o colour_n of_o a_o patent_n where_o perhaps_o the_o patent_n do_v not_o warrant_v it_o be_v object_v as_o a_o argument_n that_o the_o king_n himself_o may_v not_o lay_v the_o like_a insition_n upon_o every_o pipe_n or_o vessel_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o prerogative_n therefore_o the_o punishment_n of_o these_o person_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n that_o for_o
a_o 150._o year_n after_o that_o no_o imposition_n be_v lay_v upon_o merchandize_n by_o prerogative_n but_o the_o prince_n who_o succeed_v edw._n 3._o until_o queen_n mary_n do_v forbear_v to_o use_v their_o prerogative_n in_o that_o kind_n for_o those_o other_o notable_a and_o true_a cause_n which_o be_v before_o at_o large_a express_v in_o the_o seventeen_o chapter_n last_o touch_v the_o imposition_n of_o six_o shilling_n and_o eight_o penny_n upon_o every_o cloth_n lay_v by_o queen_n mary_n after_o the_o loss_n of_o calais_n she_o hold_v the_o same_o with_o a_o new_a imposition_n upon_o french_a wine_n without_o any_o question_n during_o her_o life_n and_o albeit_o complaint_n be_v make_v against_o the_o imposition_n set_v upon_o clothes_n unto_o queen_n elizabeth_n upon_o her_o first_o entry_n as_o it_o be_v usual_a for_o the_o people_n to_o complain_v of_o burden_n and_o charge_n upon_o every_o change_n of_o government_n yet_o we_o find_v that_o after_o the_o conference_n of_o the_o judge_n speak_v of_o by_o my_o lord_n dyer_n 1_o eliz._n f._n 165._o dyer_n 165._o though_o their_o resolution_n be_v not_o their_o report_a queen_n elizabeth_n do_v continue_v that_o imposition_n and_o also_o the_o impost_n upon_o french_a wine_n as_o be_v lawful_a set_v for_o the_o space_n of_o forty_o four_o year_n without_o any_o further_a contradiction_n beside_o queen_n elizabeth_n do_v raise_v divers_a other_o new_a imposition_n as_o be_v before_o declare_v whereunto_o there_o be_v never_o make_v any_o opposition_n during_o her_o reign_n and_o which_o his_o majesty_n that_o now_o be_v have_v receive_v without_o any_o question_n for_o the_o space_n of_o fifteen_o year_n and_o thus_o much_o may_v suffice_v for_o answer_v to_o the_o several_a point_n in_o the_o three_o objection_n chap._n xxviii_o the_o four_o objection_n that_o the_o prerogative_n be_v bind_v or_o take_v away_o by_o divers_a act_n of_o parliament_n fourthly_a it_o be_v object_v 4._o that_o though_o it_o be_v grant_v and_o admit_v that_o the_o king_n de_fw-la jure_fw-la communi_fw-la have_v a_o rightful_a prerogative_n to_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n yet_o that_o power_n say_v they_o be_v restrain_v and_o take_v away_o by_o sundry_a act_n of_o parliament_n first_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 30._o do_v give_v safe_a conduct_n and_o free_a passage_n to_o all_o merchant_n to_o buy_v and_o sell_v absque_fw-la aliquibus_fw-la malis_fw-la tolnetis_fw-la per_fw-la antiquas_fw-la et_fw-la rectas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la second_o by_o the_o act_n or_o charrer_n of_o confirmation_n in_o 25_o edw._n 3._o the_o king_n do_v release_v a_o maletolt_n of_o forty_o shilling_n upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n and_o do_v grant_v for_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n unto_o the_o commons_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o take_v such_o thing_n without_o the_o commons_o consent_n or_o good_a will_n and_o in_o the_o same_o act_n or_o charter_n recite_v that_o whereas_o divers_a people_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v in_o fear_n that_o the_o aid_n and_o tax_n which_o they_o have_v give_v to_o the_o king_n before_o that_o time_n be_v towards_o his_o war_n and_o other_o business_n of_o their_o own_o grant_n and_o good_a will_n may_v turn_v to_o a_o bondage_n of_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n because_o in_o time_n to_o come_v they_o may_v be_v find_v in_o the_o roll_n and_o be_v likewise_o grieve_v for_o prize_n take_v through_o the_o realm_n the_o king_n do_v grant_v for_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n that_o he_o will_v not_o draw_v such_o aid_n tax_n or_o prize_n into_o a_o custom_n for_o any_o thing_n that_o have_v be_v do_v before_o that_o time_n be_v it_o by_o roll_n or_o any_o other_o precedent_n that_o may_v be_v find_v three_o by_o the_o statute_n 14_o edw._n 3._o cap._n 12._o the_o king_n do_v grant_v that_o all_o merchant_n denizen_n and_o alien_n may_v free_o come_v into_o the_o realm_n with_o their_o good_n and_o merchandize_n and_o free_o tarry_v there_o and_o safe_o return_v pay_v their_o custom_n subsidy_n and_o profit_n thereof_o reasonable_o due_a four_o by_o the_o statute_n 11_o rich._n 2._o cap._n 9_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o no_o imposition_n or_o charge_n be_v put_v upon_o wool_n wool-fell_n or_o leather_n other_o than_o the_o custom_n or_o subsidy_n grant_v to_o the_o king_n in_o that_o parliament_n if_o any_o be_v the_o same_o to_o be_v annul_v and_o repeal_v save_v to_o the_o king_n his_o ancient_a right_n there_o be_v other_o act_n of_o parliament_n contain_v the_o same_o sense_n and_o substance_n but_o these_o principal_o have_v be_v single_v out_o and_o cite_v as_o special_o statute_n restrain_v and_o take_v away_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n chap._n xxix_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o four_o objection_n to_o this_o objection_n first_o i_o answer_v object_n that_o this_o be_v a_o prerogative_n in_o point_n of_o government_n as_o well_o as_o in_o point_n of_o profit_n it_o can_v be_v restrain_v or_o bind_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n it_o can_v be_v limit_v by_o any_o certain_a or_o fix_a rule_n of_o law_n no_o more_o than_o the_o course_n of_o a_o pilot_n upon_o the_o sea_n who_o must_v turn_v the_o helm_n or_o bear_v high_a or_o low_a sail_n according_a to_o the_o wind_n and_o weather_n and_o therefore_o it_o may_v be_v proper_o say_v that_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o this_o point_n be_v as_o strong_a as_o samson_n it_o can_v be_v bind_v for_o though_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v make_v to_o restrain_v it_o and_o the_o king_n do_v give_v his_o consent_n unto_o it_o as_o samson_n be_v bind_v with_o his_o own_o consent_n yet_o if_o the_o philistine_n come_v that_o be_v if_o any_o just_a or_o important_a occasion_n do_v arise_v it_o can_v hold_v or_o restrain_v the_o prerogative_n it_o will_v be_v as_o thread_n and_o break_v as_o easy_a as_o the_o bond_n of_o samson_n and_o again_o ius_fw-la imponendi_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la inhaeret_fw-la sceptro_fw-la say_v the_o law_n imperial_a and_o quod_fw-la sceptro_fw-la inhaeret_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la tolli_fw-la nisi_fw-la sublato_fw-la sceptro_fw-la the_o king_n prerogative_n be_v the_o sunbeam_n of_o his_o crown_n and_o as_o inseparable_a from_o it_o as_o the_o sunbeam_n from_o the_o sun_n the_o king_n crown_n must_v be_v take_v from_o his_o head_n before_o his_o prerogative_n can_v be_v take_v away_o from_o he_o samson_n hair_n must_v be_v cut_v off_o before_o his_o courage_n can_v be_v any_o jot_n abate_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o king_n act_n nor_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n can_v give_v away_o his_o prerogative_n for_o in_o his_o own_o act_n the_o king_n can_v release_v a_o tenure_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la nor_o grant_v it_o to_o any_o subject_a dyer_n 44._o 44._o if_o the_o king_n grant_v land_n to_o i._n s._n to_o hold_v as_o free_o as_o the_o king_n himself_o hold_v his_o crown_n he_o shall_v hold_v his_o land_n still_o of_o the_o king_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la and_o if_o he_o alien_a it_o he_o shall_v pay_v a_o fine_a for_o the_o tenure_n be_v vest_v in_o the_o king_n by_o his_o prerogative_n say_v the_o book_n 14._o hen._n 6._o 12._o and_o therefore_o when_o king_n fdw._n 3._o do_v grant_v unto_o the_o black_a prince_n his_o elder_a son_n the_o duchy_n of_o cornwall_n una_fw-la cum_fw-la omnibus_fw-la wardis_fw-la maritagiis_fw-la et_fw-la releviis_fw-la etc._n etc._n non_fw-la obstante_fw-la prerogative_fw-la regis_fw-la the_o prince_n can_v not_o seize_v a_o ward_n that_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n ward_n who_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n because_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n by_o his_o prerogative_n 34_o ass._n pl._n 25._o whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o king_n by_o his_o own_o grant_n can_v sever_v his_o prerogative_n from_o the_o crown_n nor_o communicate_v any_o part_n thereof_o to_o any_o one_o not_o to_o the_o prince_n his_o elder_a son_n and_o in_o this_o case_n of_o tenure_n it_o be_v resolve_v in_o the_o last_o assembly_n of_o parliament_n in_o england_n that_o no_o act_n of_o parliament_n can_v be_v frame_v by_o the_o wit_n of_o man_n whereby_o all_o tenure_n of_o the_o crown_n may_v be_v extinguish_v neither_o can_v any_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o flat_a negative_a take_v away_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o the_o affirmative_a the_o king_n have_v a_o prerogative_n in_o the_o affirmation_n that_o he_o may_v pardon_v all_o malefactor_n there_o be_v a_o statute_n make_v at_o northampton_n 2_o edw._n 3._o 3._o that_o no_o charter_n of_o pardon_n for_o kill_v a_o man_n shall_v thenceforth_o be_v grant_v but_o in_o one_o case_n where_o one_o man_n kill_v another_o in_o his_o own_o defence_n by_o misfortune_n have_v this_o statute_n so_o bind_v the_o prerogative_n as_o no_o man_n ever_o since_o have_v be_v pardon_v for_o kill_v a_o man_n but_o in_o the_o case_n before_o mention_v the_o king_n have_v
a_o prerogative_n in_o point_n of_o government_n to_o make_v choice_n of_o the_o sheriff_n in_o every_o county_n there_o be_v a_o statute_n make_v 28_o edw._n 3._o cap._n 7._o that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v sheriff_n two_o year_n together_o and_o that_o no_o commission_n shall_v be_v grant_v or_o renew_v for_o the_o year_n follow_v to_o he_o that_o have_v be_v sheriff_n the_o year_n before_o be_v the_o king_n prerogative_n bind_v by_o this_o statute_n when_o he_o grant_v the_o sheriffwick_n of_o northumberland_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o northumberland_n during_o his_o life_n with_o non_fw-la obstante_fw-la of_o that_o statute_n 2_o hen._n 7._o fol._n 6._o again_o the_o king_n have_v no_o ancient_a and_o absolute_a power_n to_o grant_v dispensation_n for_o hold_v ecclesiastical_a benefice_n in_fw-la commendum_fw-la there_o be_v a_o statute_n make_v 7_o edw._n 3._o in_o ireland_n whereby_o it_o be_v enact_v and_o declare_v that_o the_o king_n dispensation_n in_o this_o case_n shall_v be_v utter_o void_a if_o it_o be_v not_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n do_v this_o statute_n so_o derogate_v from_o the_o king_n prerogative_n and_o so_o restrain_v it_o that_o he_o may_v not_o only_o by_o his_o letter_n patent_n grant_v commendamus_fw-la before_o the_o statute_n of_o 28_o hen._n 8._o in_o this_o realm_n assure_o the_o king_n dispensation_n non_fw-la obstante_fw-la the_o statute_n will_v have_v take_v away_o the_o force_n thereof_o as_o if_o no_o such_o law_n have_v ever_o be_v make_v there_o be_v many_o other_o case_n of_o like_a nature_n which_o i_o omit_v as_o for_o the_o particular_a statute_n before_o recite_v the_o word_n thereof_o be_v too_o general_a to_o bind_v or_o restrain_v this_o prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n first_o that_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la do_v give_v safe_a conduct_n to_o all_o merchant_n to_o come_v and_o go_v and_o to_o tarry_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o to_o buy_v and_o sell_v their_o merchandize_n sine_fw-la malis_fw-la tolnetis_fw-la per_fw-la antiqnas_fw-la and_o rect_fw-la as_o consuetudines_fw-la how_o do_v these_o general_a word_n restrain_v the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o this_o case_n for_o the_o ancient_a common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n which_o be_v the_o common_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n do_v warrant_n and_o approve_v the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n as_o before_o i_o have_v full_o and_o clear_o prove_v than_o a_o reasonable_a imposition_n lay_v by_o the_o king_n be_v antiqua_fw-la et_fw-la recta_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la warrant_v and_o approve_v by_o the_o great_a charter_n second_o albeit_o king_n edw._n 1._o by_o act_n or_o charter_n of_o confirmation_n of_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la make_v in_o anno_fw-la 25._o of_o his_o reign_n do_v release_v the_o maletolt_n of_o forty_o shilling_n upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n and_o do_v grant_v for_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n that_o he_o will_v take_v no_o such_o thing_n without_o the_o assent_n and_o good_a will_n of_o the_o commons_o that_o word_n such_o do_v not_o absolute_o bind_v the_o king_n prerog._n that_o he_o shall_v lay_v no_o imposition_n at_o all_o for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v intend_v such_o in_o quantity_n such_o in_o excess_n for_o foury_a shilling_n at_o that_o time_n be_v as_o much_o as_o six_o pound_n at_o this_o day_n which_o the_o scarcity_n of_o money_n in_o those_o day_n be_v consider_v and_o compare_v with_o the_o plenty_n of_o money_n at_o this_o day_n may_v then_o be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o great_a burden_n and_o yet_o this_o strong_a band_n do_v not_o bind_v k._n ed._n 3._o his_o grandchild_n but_o that_o notwithstanding_o this_o charter_n or_o act_n of_o parliament_n he_o take_v these_o thing_n in_o great_a quantity_n sometime_o forty_o shilling_n sometime_o fifty_o shilling_n upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n when_o the_o philistine_n come_v upon_o he_o that_o be_v when_o the_o war_n of_o france_n and_o other_o urgent_a occasion_n do_v press_v he_o to_o it_o as_o to_o the_o other_o article_n contain_v in_o the_o act_n or_o charter_n of_o 25_o edw._n 3._o where_o it_o be_v say_v the_o people_n do_v fear_v lest_o the_o aid_n and_o tax_n grant_v of_o their_o good_a will_n to_o the_o king_n may_v turn_v to_o a_o bondage_n to_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n when_o the_o same_o in_o time_n to_o come_v shall_v be_v find_v in_o the_o roll_n and_o the_o king_n do_v grant_v for_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n that_o he_o will_v not_o draw_v such_o aid_n and_o tax_n into_o a_o custom_n that_o act_n in_o this_o point_n restrain_v not_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o set_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n for_o it_o speak_v only_o of_o aid_n and_o tax_n willing_o grant_v by_o the_o people_n in_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o i_o marvel_v that_o this_o article_n be_v ever_o object_v or_o use_v as_o a_o argument_n against_o imposition_n and_o whereas_o the_o king_n do_v grant_v that_o such_o aid_n shall_v not_o be_v draw_v into_o a_o custom_n such_o word_n be_v usual_a in_o the_o preamble_n of_o act_n of_o subsidy_n where_o the_o grant_n be_v large_a and_o extraordinary_a viz._n that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v draw_v into_o a_o example_n that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v a_o precedent_n in_o future_a time_n and_o yet_o succeed_a parliament_n have_v not_o forbear_v to_o grant_v as_o large_a subsidy_n as_o former_o be_v grant_v three_o the_o statute_n of_o 14_o edw._n 3._o cap._n 12._o do_v rather_o maintain_v the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o this_o case_n than_o any_o way_n impugn_v or_o impeach_v it_o for_o by_o that_o law_n free_a passage_n be_v grant_v to_o all_o merchant_n pay_v the_o custom_n subsidy_n and_o profit_n thereof_o reasonable_o due_a now_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o all_o duty_n payable_a to_o the_o king_n for_o merchandize_n be_v of_o three_o kind_n only_o custom_n which_o be_v these_o ancient_a and_o certain_a duty_n wherein_o the_o crown_n have_v no_o inheritance_n as_o be_v before_o express_v subsidy_n which_o be_v grant_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o imposition_n which_o be_v raise_v from_o time_n to_o time_n by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n only_o we_o find_v not_o a_o four_o kind_n and_o therefore_o the_o word_n profit_n must_v needs_o be_v take_v for_o imposition_n four_o the_o statue_n of_o 11_o rich._n 2._o cap._n 9_o though_o it_o provide_v in_o express_a term_n that_o no_o imposition_n or_o charge_n be_v lay_v upon_o wool_n wool-fell_n or_o leather_n other_o than_o the_o custom_n or_o subsidy_n grant_v in_o that_o parliament_n yet_o it_o save_v always_o to_o the_o king_n his_o ancient_a right_n this_o be_v as_o turbulent_a a_o parliament_n as_o ever_o be_v hold_v in_o england_n and_o yet_o be_v the_o king_n right_o acknowledge_v though_o the_o unruly_a lord_n and_o commons_o do_v in_o a_o manner_n force_v his_o assent_n to_o limit_v his_o prerogative_n at_o that_o time_n last_o if_o these_o act_n have_v absolute_o bind_v the_o king_n prerogative_n and_o have_v be_v observe_v literal_o and_o punctual_o until_o this_o time_n the_o king_n shall_v only_o have_v have_v at_o this_o day_n the_o demy_a mark_n for_o our_o own_o staple_n ware_n and_o perhaps_o the_o three_o penny_n custom_n for_o foreign_a commodity_n and_o no_o more_o what_o a_o inconvenience_n what_o a_o absurdity_n have_v this_o be_v at_o this_o day_n when_o all_o foreign_a prince_n have_v raise_v their_o custom_n to_o a_o exceed_a height_n when_o as_o i_o have_v note_v before_o the_o necessary_a expense_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v so_o much_o increase_v when_o the_o prize_n of_o all_o commodity_n be_v so_o much_o enhance_v when_o there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o plenty_n of_o money_n in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o world_n when_o the_o king_n revenue_n within_o the_o land_n be_v so_o much_o improve_v be_v it_o fit_a that_o duty_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n shall_v stand_v at_o a_o stay_n and_o keep_v the_o old_a rate_n without_o augmentation_n chap._n xxx_o the_o five_o objection_n that_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n be_v never_o take_v but_o when_o the_o same_o be_v grant_v by_o parliament_n first_o it_o be_v object_v that_o the_o subsidy_n of_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n 5._o be_v never_o take_v by_o any_o king_n of_o england_n but_o when_o the_o same_o be_v grant_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n which_o be_v a_o argument_n say_v they_o that_o the_o king_n can_v never_o take_v those_o duty_n but_o by_o his_o absolute_a power_n for_o if_o his_o prerogative_n can_v have_v impose_v those_o rate_n of_o itself_o what_o need_n be_v there_o of_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n why_o shall_v the_o king_n have_v expect_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o commons_o cum_fw-la dominus_fw-la eis_fw-la opus_fw-la habet_fw-la and_o when_o the_o exchequer_n be_v so_o empty_a as_o the_o jewel_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v lay_v to_o pawn_v by_o some_o of_o those_o king_n who_o be_v glad_a
tally_n le_fw-fr talon_n les_fw-fr aid_n les_fw-fr aquavalentas_fw-la les_fw-fr equi_fw-la pollentes_fw-la les_fw-fr cruces_fw-la or_o augmentation_n of_o divers_a kind_n le_fw-fr hop_n benevolence_n la_o gabelle_n upon_o salt_n amount_v to_o a_o exceed_a great_a revenue_n the_o impost_n of_o wine_n upon_o every_o vessel_n carry_v into_o any_o wall_a town_n or_o suburb_n thereof_o and_o payable_a although_o it_o be_v transport_v thence_o again_o before_o it_o be_v sell_v la_o halt_fw-fr passage_n or_o de_fw-fr main_a foreign_a for_o merchandize_n export_v le_fw-fr traject_n forrene_a for_o merchandize_n import_v la_o solid_a de_fw-fr cinquant_n mil_fw-mi holme_fw-fr impose_v upon_o city_n and_o wall_a town_n and_o the_o suburb_n only_o and_o after_o lay_v upon_o town_n and_o country_n without_o distinction_n the_o common_a position_n for_o provision_n the_o tenth_o pay_v by_o all_o ecclesiastical_a person_n these_o and_o other_o imposition_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n be_v lay_v and_o levy_v upon_o the_o subject_n of_o france_n by_o the_o absolute_a power_n and_o prerogative_n of_o the_o king_n and_o though_o many_o of_o these_o be_v impose_v at_o first_o upon_o extraordinary_a occasion_n and_o set_v but_o for_o a_o time_n yet_o the_o succeed_a prince_n have_v continue_v they_o from_o time_n to_o time_n and_o the_o most_o part_n of_o they_o make_v ordinary_a and_o perpetual_a by_o king_n lewis_n the_o 11._o who_o be_v wont_a to_o say_v france_n be_v a_o meadow_n which_o he_o can_v have_v mow_v as_o often_o as_o he_o please_v in_o spain_n there_o be_v a_o imposition_n name_v alcavala_n imposition_n impose_v as_o well_o upon_o the_o nobility_n as_o the_o commons_o which_o be_v first_o raise_v by_o alphonsus_n the_o 12._o to_o expel_v the_o moor_n and_o for_o the_o expurgation_n of_o algiers_n but_o afterwards_o it_o was_v make_v perpetual_a and_o be_v now_o a_o principal_a part_n of_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n gutturis_fw-la de_fw-la gabellis_fw-la quaest._n 174._o 174_o this_o imposition_n be_v at_o first_o but_o the_o twenty_o part_n but_o afterwards_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o the_o ten_o of_o every_o man_n estate_n which_o do_v far_o surmount_v the_o high_a imposition_n that_o ever_o be_v lay_v in_o england_n by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n without_o act_n of_o parliament_n this_o alâ—avali_fw-la be_v a_o imposition_n within_o the_o land_n but_o the_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n export_v and_o import_v be_v far_o high_o especial_o upon_o merchant_n stranger_n for_o their_o common_a imposition_n upon_o stranger_n be_v five_o part_n upon_o the_o hundred_o and_o in_o the_o year_n 1604._o they_o impose_v thirty_o of_o the_o hundred_o as_o be_v before_o declare_v and_o upon_o the_o ingate_n of_o indian_a spice_n into_o portugal_n the_o king_n of_o spain_n do_v lay_v the_o great_a rate_n that_o ever_o be_v set_v in_o christendom_n although_o upon_o the_o outgate_n the_o rate_n be_v more_o moderate_a in_o italy_n the_o imposition_n and_o gabelle_n set_v upon_o every_o kind_n of_o thing_n by_o the_o state_n and_o prince_n there_o be_v intolerable_a and_o innumerable_a non_fw-la mihi_fw-la si_fw-la centum_fw-la linguae_fw-la sunt_fw-la or_o aque_fw-la centum_fw-la ferrea_fw-la vox_fw-la italorum_fw-la omnes_fw-la numerare_fw-la gabellas_fw-la cunct_v a_o gabellarum_fw-la percurrere_fw-la nomina_fw-la possem_fw-la especial_o upon_o the_o great_a town_n and_o territory_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o tuscany_n imposition_n where_o there_o be_v not_o any_o root_n nor_o any_o herb_n nor_o the_o least_o thing_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o life_n of_o man_n that_o be_v buy_v and_o sell_v or_o bring_v into_o any_o town_n but_o there_o be_v a_o gabell_n or_o imposition_n set_v upon_o it_o where_o no_o inn-holder_n baker_n brewer_n or_o artificer_n can_v exercise_v his_o trade_n but_o the_o great_a duke_n will_v share_v with_o he_o in_o his_o gain_n by_o lay_v some_o imposition_n upon_o he_o where_o no_o man_n can_v travel_v by_o land_n or_o by_o water_n but_o at_o every_o bridge_n at_o every_o ferry_n at_o every_o wharf_n or_o key_n at_o every_o gate_n of_o a_o town_n the_o garbellor_n arrest_v he_o and_o be_v ready_a to_o strip_v he_o naked_a to_o search_v what_o good_n he_o have_v about_o he_o for_o which_o he_o ought_v to_o pay_v the_o garbell_n in_o the_o pope_n territory_n the_o imposition_n pope_n which_o his_o holiness_n do_v lay_v upon_o his_o subject_n as_o a_o temporal_a prince_n be_v as_o many_o and_o as_o heavy_a as_o those_o that_o be_v levy_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o tuscany_n in_o so_o much_o as_o when_o sixtus_n quintus_n quintus_fw-la have_v set_v a_o imposition_n upon_o every_o thing_n that_o serve_v for_o the_o use_n of_o man_n life_n pasquil_n make_v haste_n to_o dry_v his_o shirt_n in_o the_o sun_n fear_v the_o pope_n will_v set_v some_o imposition_n upon_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n mi_fw-mi astingo_fw-la say_v he_o in_o the_o 16._o sole_fw-la sevenda_fw-la i_o omit_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o exaction_n of_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n in_o another_o kind_n which_o be_v infinite_a and_o which_o long_o lie_v heavy_a upon_o the_o western_a country_n of_o christendom_n until_o of_o late_a year_n some_o nation_n do_v free_v themselves_o thereof_o by_o reject_v the_o yoke_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n in_o the_o signiory_n of_o venice_n venice_n the_o gabelle_n upon_o the_o land_n be_v more_o moderate_a than_o in_o the_o other_o part_n of_o italy_n but_o that_o city_n be_v the_o lady_n of_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n do_v use_n by_o prescription_n a_o high_a prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o all_o merchandize_n arrive_v within_o the_o gulf_n civitas_fw-la venetiorum_fw-la say_v baltholus_n baltholus_n potest_fw-la pro_fw-la maritmeis_fw-la mercibus_fw-la gabellas_fw-la imponere_fw-la quia_fw-la est_fw-la civitas_fw-la in_fw-la mari_fw-la situata_fw-la and_o veneti_n say_v baldus_n ex_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la sunt_fw-la domini_fw-la maris_fw-la adriatici_fw-la et_fw-la possunt_fw-la statuere_fw-la super_fw-la gabellis_fw-la maris_fw-la baldus_n wherein_o they_o observe_v a_o profitable_a and_o politic_a course_n for_o upon_o the_o commodity_n of_o other_o nation_n which_o be_v of_o good_n in_o their_o commonwealth_n they_o lie_v the_o easy_a imposition_n sometime_o five_o sometime_o seven_o sometime_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o which_o do_v exceed_v the_o high_a imposition_n in_o england_n five_o in_o the_o hundred_o at_o the_o least_o in_o the_o low_a country_n the_o imposition_n country_n which_o they_o call_v exeize_v pay_v by_o the_o retaylor_n of_o wine_n and_o other_o commodity_n and_o not_o by_o the_o merchant_n be_v the_o high_a in_o christendom_n and_o yet_o we_o perceive_v that_o people_n to_o thrive_v and_o grow_v rich_a withal_o for_o a_o improve_v high_a rent_n do_v so_o quicken_v the_o industry_n of_o the_o farmer_n as_o he_o thrive_v oftentimes_o better_a than_o his_o neighbour_n who_o be_v a_o freeholder_n and_o pay_v no_o rent_n at_o all_o howbeit_o to_o draw_v trade_n and_o to_o invite_v all_o nation_n to_o commerce_n with_o they_o and_o so_o to_o make_v their_o country_n a_o staple_n storehouse_n or_o magazine_n of_o all_o europe_n they_o do_v set_v but_o easy_a rate_n upon_o merchandize_n import_v but_o when_o they_o once_o have_v get_v their_o commodity_n in_o to_o their_o hand_n if_o any_o merchant_n will_v export_v the_o same_o again_o he_o shall_v pay_v a_o great_a custom_n the_o grand_a signior_n of_o turkey_n turkey_n do_v impose_v sometime_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o sometime_o twenty_o in_o the_o hundred_o upon_o merchant_n stranger_n who_o trade_n into_o the_o levant_n and_o i_o can_v speak_v of_o his_o other_o exaction_n and_o imposition_n upon_o his_o vassal_n but_o that_o i_o think_v it_o not_o meet_v to_o compare_v that_o region_n tyrant_n to_o the_o prince_n and_o state_n of_o christendom_n i_o may_v remember_v at_o last_o the_o great_a toll_n which_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n denmark_n take_v of_o every_o ship_n that_o pass_v into_o the_o sound_n take_v advantage_n of_o a_o narrow_a straight_o between_o elsmore_n and_o copman_n haven_n whereas_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v the_o undoubted_a lord_n of_o the_o narrow_a sea_n between_o dover_n and_o calais_n may_v take_v the_o like_a toll_n if_o it_o please_v he_o and_o by_o the_o same_o right_n may_v participate_v of_o the_o great_a gain_n of_o fish_v which_o the_o buss_n of_o holland_n and_o zealand_n do_v make_v yearly_a upon_o the_o coast_n of_o great_a britain_n thus_o we_o see_v by_o this_o comparison_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n do_v lay_v but_o his_o little_a finger_n upon_o his_o subject_n when_o other_o prince_n and_o state_n do_v lay_v their_o heavy_a loin_n upon_o their_o people_n what_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o difference_n from_o whence_o come_v it_o assure_o not_o from_o a_o different_a power_n or_o prerogative_n for_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v as_o absolute_a a_o monarch_n as_o any_o emperor_n or_o king_n in_o the_o world_n