edinburgh_n the_o seven_o of_o april_n 1677._o it_o be_v order_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o his_o majesty_n most_o honourable_a privy_a council_n that_o none_o shall_v re-print_n or_o import_n into_o this_o kingdom_n this_o book_n entitle_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o scotland_n in_o matter_n criminal_a by_o sir_n george_n mackenzie_n of_o rosehaugh_a for_o the_o space_n of_o nineteen_o year_n after_o the_o date_n hereof_o under_o the_o pain_n of_o confiscation_n of_o the_o same_o to_o thomas_n brown_n george_n swintoun_n and_o james_n glen_n printer_n hereof_o and_o further_a punishment_n as_o the_o council_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o inflict_v upon_o they_o extract_v be_v i_o thomas_n hay_n the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o scotland_n in_o matter_n criminal_a wherein_o be_v to_o be_v see_v how_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o other_o nation_n do_v agree_v with_o and_o supply_v we_o by_o sir_n george_n mackenzie_n of_o rosehaugh_a edinburgh_n print_v by_o 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they_o may_v be_v know_v and_o examine_v and_o therefore_o the_o lord_n 21._o feb._n 1672._o littlegil_n contra_fw-la somervel_n find_v it_o not_o sufficient_a that_o a_o witness_n in_o a_o bond_n crave_v to_o be_v improven_v be_v design_v indweller_n in_o edinburgh_n but_o ordain_v even_o the_o assigney_n to_o condescend_v more_o particular_o though_o the_o assignay_v contend_v that_o he_o be_v a_o singular_a successor_n who_o have_v get_v a_o right_a to_o the_o bond_n he_o can_v not_o know_v who_o be_v the_o witness_n make_v use_v of_o nor_o be_v he_o obliedge_v to_o consider_v any_o more_o when_o he_o get_v his_o assignation_n but_o that_o the_o bond_n have_v witness_n without_o require_v who_o these_o be_v and_o so_o though_o the_o cedent_fw-la who_o have_v get_v the_o bond_n may_v be_v oblige_v to_o condescend_v yet_o he_o can_v not_o and_o yet_o improbation_n be_v pursue_v against_o a_o bond_n grant_v by_o sir_n lewis_n stewart_n to_o his_o son_n kettlestone_n in_o which_o bond_n 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1667._o lord_n may_v contra_fw-la rosse_n and_o upon_o the_o 10._o of_o july_n 1669._o gardner_n contra_fw-la colvil_n a_o writ_n be_v not_o improven_v though_o it_o be_v prove_v not_o to_o have_v be_v subscribe_v of_o the_o date_n that_o be_v insert_v in_o respect_n there_o be_v a_o writ_n of_o that_o same_o tenor_n true_o subscribe_v that_o day_n which_o be_v a-missing_a the_o grant_a a_o long_a time_n thereafter_o subscribe_v another_o of_o the_o same_o tenor_n and_o date_n and_o the_o first_o be_v thereafter_o find_v and_o both_o produce_v the_o user_n abode_n by_o the_o first_o simple_o and_o by_o the_o last_o as_o to_o the_o verity_n of_o the_o subscription_n but_o not_o of_o the_o date_n which_o be_v so_o insert_v for_o the_o reason_n foresay_a so_o that_o though_o the_o date_n be_v among_o the_o substantial_a solemnity_n requisite_a to_o a_o writ_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n and_o by_o the_o 13._o act_n 9_o parliament_n jam._n 1._o so_o that_o the_o improver_n may_v force_v the_o user_n of_o a_o writ_n to_o condescend_v upon_o a_o particular_a date_n if_o the_o date_n be_v blank_a and_o that_o the_o falseness_n of_o the_o date_n will_v infer_v the_o writ_n to_o be_v false_a except_o this_o presumption_n can_v be_v take_v off_o by_o a_o strong_a contrary_a probation_n yet_o that_o it_o may_v be_v so_o take_v of_o be_v clear_a from_o the_o case_n aforesaid_a and_o in_o this_o sense_n craig_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v who_o say_v pag._n 156._o si_fw-mi falsa_fw-la data_fw-la apposita_fw-la sit_fw-la totum_fw-la instrumentum_fw-la vitiatur_fw-la nam_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o ea_fw-la data_fw-la quae_fw-la exprimitur_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la verum_fw-la etiamsi_fw-la aliam_fw-la datam_fw-la substituere_fw-la velit_fw-la be_v qui_fw-la eo_fw-la utitur_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la audiendus_fw-la &_o quoth_v in_o data_fw-la falsa_fw-la non_fw-la fuit_fw-la factum_fw-la nunquam_fw-la factum_fw-la praesumitur_fw-la if_o the_o writ_n crave_v to_o be_v improven_v be_v unlike_a in_o its_o subscription_n to_o the_o other_o subscription_n use_v by_o the_o subscriber_n at_o the_o time_n when_o the_o paper_n quarrel_v be_v say_v to_o be_v subscribe_v than_o it_o be_v most_o suspect_a and_o if_o both_o the_o subscription_n of_o the_o witness_n and_o grant_a be_v find_v to_o be_v one_o hand_n write_v but_o all_o of_o they_o be_v unlike_o the_o true_a subscription_n than_o the_o writ_n will_v be_v improven_v by_o ocular_a inspection_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o earl_n of_o wâ—ymes_n case_n contra_fw-la gall_n july_n 1675._o but_o yet_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o infer_v the_o corporal_a punishment_n of_o falsehood_n from_o this_o probation_n which_o be_v but_o at_o best_a presumptive_a for_o the_o grant_a of_o a_o bond_n or_o other_o write_v may_v upon_o design_n subscribe_v to_o stranger_n his_o name_n far_o otherways_o then_o he_o use_v to_o do_v mere_o that_o he_o or_o his_o heir_n may_v thereafter_o quarrel_v the_o same_o and_o therefore_o cravet_fw-la consil._n 386._o conclude_v that_o comparatio_fw-la sola_fw-la non_fw-la relevat_fw-la in_o criminalibus_fw-la and_o all_o lawyer_n conclude_v that_o recognitio_fw-la scripturae_fw-la privatae_fw-la insert_v plenam_fw-la probationem_fw-la si_fw-la jungatur_fw-la cum_fw-la uno_fw-la testae_fw-la vel_fw-la alia_fw-la somi_fw-la plena_fw-la probatione_fw-la alex._n consil_n 239._o in_o the_o indirect_a manner_n the_o lord_n use_n to_o receive_v witness_n ad_fw-la futuram_fw-la rei_fw-la memoriam_fw-la and_o to_o receive_v witness_n sometime_o by_o commission_n as_o in_o captain_n barclaye_v case_n albeit_o it_o be_v there_o allege_v that_o witness_n in_o the_o indirect_a manner_n of_o improbation_n be_v only_o receive_v ex_fw-la nobili_fw-la officio_fw-la which_o can_v not_o be_v commit_v or_o delegat_v and_o which_o seem_v stranger_n the_o lord_n use_v to_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o the_o defender_n himself_o albeit_o regular_o in_o crime_n the_o defender_n be_v not_o obliedge_v
2._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o if_o they_o go_v with_o arm_n they_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n as_o the_o scolia_fw-la of_o the_o basilick_v observe_v it_o may_v be_v useful_o observe_v that_o those_o who_o drive_v away_o herdship_n cum_fw-la gladio_fw-la with_o arm_n be_v punish_v by_o death_n because_o they_o be_v rather_o robber_n than_o thief_n 2._o these_o who_o drive_v away_o great_a cattle_n be_v more_o to_o be_v punish_v than_o these_o who_o drive_v away_o the_o lesser_a l._n 1._o ff_n de_fw-fr abige_fw-fr 3._o these_o be_v to_o be_v most_o severe_o punish_v who_o live_v in_o a_o country_n where_o that_o crime_n be_v most_o frequent_a and_o therefore_o our_o highlander_n be_v most_o severe_o punish_v 4._o these_o that_o drive_v away_o cattle_n from_o the_o field_n be_v more_o to_o be_v punish_v than_o these_o who_o drive_v out_o of_o the_o house_n because_o cattle_n in_o the_o field_n have_v no_o guard_n but_o the_o law_n xi_o the_o steal_v likewise_o of_o a_o thing_n consecrate_v to_o god_n aggrage_v so_o the_o theft_n as_o to_o make_v it_o punishable_a by_o death_n and_o this_o be_v call_v sacrilege_n by_o the_o civil_a and_o cannon_n law_n and_o be_v distinguish_v into_o several_a degree_n as_o 1._o if_o a_o thing_n sacred_a be_v steal_v out_o of_o a_o sacred_a place_n 2._o if_o a_o thing_n sacred_a be_v steal_v out_o of_o any_o place_n 3._o if_o a_o thing_n not_o sacred_a be_v steal_v out_o of_o a_o sacred_a place_n but_o their_o two_o last_o be_v not_o proper_o sacrilege_n with_o we_o there_o be_v no_o formal_a consecration_n use_v of_o church_n vestment_n cup_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o we_o have_v no_o such_o formal_a crime_n as_o sacrilege_n nor_o have_v we_o any_o act_n against_o it_o yet_o i_o think_v to_o steal_v any_o thing_n destinat_fw-la to_o god_n service_n and_o even_o to_o steal_v any_o thing_n out_o of_o a_o church_n deserve_v to_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n and_o this_o theft_n be_v aggrage_v with_o we_o not_o only_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n steal_v but_o more_o from_o the_o place_n and_o thus_o also_o murder_n or_o mutilation_n commit_v within_o the_o church_n or_o church-yaird_a be_v more_o severe_o punish_v then_o other_o murder_n and_o with_o we_o these_o who_o steal_v out_o of_o church_n be_v still_o hang_v or_o who_o steal_v what_o be_v dedicate_v to_o or_o serve_v the_o church_n as_o basin_n etc._n etc._n xii_o the_o next_o aggravation_n of_o theft_n be_v from_o the_o person_n who_o commit_v it_o and_o thus_o theft_n when_o commit_v by_o land_a man_n be_v punish_v with_o we_o as_o treason_n act._n 50._o p._n 11._o i._o 6._o the_o word_n be_v that_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v any_o land_a man_n to_o be_v lawful_o and_o orderly_o convict_v of_o common_a theft_n recept_n of_o theft_n or_o stouthreif_n he_o shall_v incur_v the_o crime_n and_o the_o pain_n of_o treason_n the_o reason_n inductive_a of_o this_o act_n be_v because_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o land_v man_n to_o commit_v theft_n then_o for_o any_o other_o and_o so_o it_o shall_v be_v more_o severe_o punish_v and_o these_o also_o want_v all_o pretext_n of_o necessity_n or_o rusticity_n and_o must_v be_v presume_v to_o be_v extreme_o mean_a and_o malicious_a person_n who_o the_o commonwealth_n may_v well_o want_v and_o who_o they_o shall_v not_o suffer_v but_o it_o may_v be_v here_o doubt_v who_o be_v these_o who_o be_v by_o this_o act_n to_o be_v account_v land_v man_n and_o it_o will_v appear_v 1._o that_o only_o such_o as_o have_v themselves_o or_o their_o predecessor_n be_v infest_v be_v only_o such_o for_o nulla_fw-la sasina_fw-la nulla_fw-la terra_fw-la and_o so_o a_o disposition_n or_o charter_n or_o a_o resignation_n in_o favorem_fw-la make_v not_o a_o thief_n to_o fall_v under_o the_o compass_n of_o this_o act._n yet_o some_o think_v a_o heir_n serve_v and_o retour_v do_v fall_v within_o this_o signification_n though_o he_o be_v not_o infest_v because_o his_o lie_v out_o be_v his_o own_o fault_n and_o so_o shall_v not_o defend_v he_o 2._o i_o think_v that_o a_o person_n who_o be_v once_o a_o baron_n if_o he_o be_v thereafter_o denude_v fall_v not_o under_o it_o for_o albeit_o semel_fw-la baro_fw-la be_v semper_fw-la baro_fw-la in_o our_o law_n yet_o that_o maxim_n hold_v only_o presumptive_a and_o if_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o he_o be_v actual_o denude_v that_o will_v liberat_fw-la he_o from_fw-la vicious_a intromission_n much_o more_o a_o crime_n that_o deserve_v forfaulter_v and_o statutory_a crime_n be_v not_o to_o be_v extend_v by_o ordinary_a theft_n in_o this_o act_n be_v mean_v theft_n without_o any_o aggravation_n of_o violence_n hership_n etc._n etc._n by_o stouthreif_n be_v mean_v violent_a and_o masterful_a theft_n and_o as_o this_o kind_n of_o theft_n have_v the_o disadvantage_n of_o be_v treason_n so_o it_o be_v just_a that_o it_o shall_v participate_v of_o all_o the_o advantage_n which_o be_v allow_v to_o those_o who_o be_v pursue_v as_o traitor_n &_o quem_fw-la sequuntur_fw-la incommoda_fw-la eum_fw-la debent_fw-la sequi_fw-la commoda_fw-la and_o therefore_o no_o inferior_a judge_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o a_o process_n found_v upon_o this_o species_n of_o theft_n as_o be_v find_v in_o july_n 1668._o where_o a_o process_n intent_a against_o a_o land_a man_n before_o the_o sheriff_n of_o wigtown_n be_v advocate_n to_o the_o justice_n upon_o this_o reason_n albeit_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o this_o act_n be_v conceive_v in_o odium_fw-la and_o for_o repress_v of_o theft_n it_o be_v unreasonable_a that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v quarrellable_n before_o every_o judge_n for_o thereby_o many_o will_v be_v deter_v from_o pursuit_n against_o land_a man_n and_o albeit_o the_o punishment_n be_v in_o this_o theft_n great_a than_o in_o other_o yet_o the_o relevancy_n and_o probation_n be_v no_o more_o intricat_a here_o then_o in_o other_o case_n 2._o it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi restrict_v his_o libel_n to_o ordinary_a theft_n which_o the_o justice_n find_v he_o can_v not_o do_v because_o the_o relevance_n and_o probation_n will_v be_v eadem_fw-la utrobique_fw-la and_o albeit_o the_o pairty_a will_v restrict_n as_o say_v be_v yet_o the_o king_n advocate_n may_v at_o any_o time_n thereafter_o find_v a_o process_n of_o forefaulter_n and_o need_v no_o more_o probation_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o john_n wauch_n though_o the_o sheriff_n of_o selkirk_n have_v only_o fyned_fw-we the_o thief_n yet_o the_o lord_n sustain_v a_o declarator_n of_o escheat_n upon_o that_o same_o verdict_n whereby_o the_o thief_n be_v find_v by_o they_o guilty_a of_o theft_n for_o the_o lord_n think_v that_o private_a party_n can_v by_o no_o declaration_n nor_o deed_n of_o they_o prejudge_v his_o majesty_n be_v interest_n so_o that_o from_o this_o ground_n it_o may_v be_v debare_v that_o when_o a_o land_a man_n be_v pursue_v for_o theft_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi can_v restrict_n his_o pursuit_n to_o a_o pursuit_n of_o common_a theft_n as_o also_o that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi failzie_v to_o prove_v in_o this_o case_n commit_v treason_n because_o he_o who_o pursue_v any_o man_n for_o treason_n if_o he_o be_v find_v calumnious_a commit_v treason_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v also_o if_o the_o council_n can_v mitigat_n the_o punishment_n here_o see_v they_o can_v remit_v treason_n yet_o in_o their_o statutory_a treason_n the_o council_n ordinary_o mitigat_n or_o convert_v the_o punishment_n nor_o see_v i_o any_o reason_n why_o it_o may_v not_o be_v allege_v that_o theft_n in_o land_a man_n be_v not_o make_v treason_n by_o this_o act_n but_o be_v only_o declare_v punishable_a as_o treason_n and_o theft_n that_o be_v not_o to_o be_v judge_v as_o treason_n though_o it_o shall_v be_v punish_v as_o such_o for_o these_o two_o be_v differrent_fw-la xiii_o this_o crime_n of_o theft_n become_v sometime_o atrocious_a and_o so_o shall_v be_v punishable_a by_o death_n because_o of_o the_o irreclaimablenesse_n of_o the_o offender_n and_o triple_a theft_n be_v capital_a in_o inferior_a court_n though_o the_o thing_n steal_v be_v very_o inconsiderable_a because_o this_o show_v a_o habit_n or_o double_a these_o if_o the_o thing_n steal_v be_v of_o great_a moment_n and_o by_o the_o first_o statute_n da_n 2._o §_o 4._o a_o thief_n banish_v be_v take_v again_o in_o these_o territory_n from_o which_o he_o be_v banish_v may_v be_v proceed_v against_o with_o all_o severity_n and_o the_o break_n of_o pink_a dove_n coat_n etc._n etc._n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n at_o the_o three_o rhyme_n act._n 84._o i._o 6._o p._n 6._o the_o way_n likewise_o whereby_o the_o theft_n be_v commit_v make_v it_o oft_o deserve_v to_o be_v capital_a as_o the_o steal_n by_o false_a key_n or_o break_v house_n and_o enchantment_n and_o if_o it_o be_v commit_v masterful_o as_o we_o use_v to_o speak_v which_o be_v call_v
and_o thus_o a_o assithment_n modify_v by_o the_o justice_n be_v exorbitant_a the_o lord_n by_o way_n of_o suspension_n do_v lessen_v the_o sum_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o decision_n be_v because_o they_o find_v this_o case_n to_o be_v but_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o damnage_n and_o interest_n and_o not_o to_o concern_v corporal_a punishment_n the_o 16._o of_o december_n 1664._o inn_n contra_fw-la forbes_n vii_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1555._o such_o as_o kill_v or_o wound_n to_o the_o effusion_n of_o blood_n or_o any_o other_o way_n one_o another_o during_o the_o dependence_n of_o a_o criminal_a process_n which_o dependence_n be_v declare_v to_o continue_v from_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o summons_n till_o the_o complete_a execution_n of_o the_o decreet_a that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi commit_v the_o say_a crime_n shall_v for_o ever_o loss_n the_o cause_n and_o the_o defender_n be_v guilty_a be_v to_o be_v condemn_v in_o the_o plea._n the_o pursuer_fw-mi or_o defender_n be_v convict_v before_o any_o competent_a judge_n in_o criminal_o without_o any_o probation_n except_o summar_v cognition_n to_o be_v take_v by_o conviction_n or_o put_v the_o committer_n to_o the_o horn_n and_o denounce_v he_o fugitive_n by_o this_o act_n the_o committer_n loss_n his_o life-rent_a escheat_n immediate_o after_o denounciation_n without_o be_v year_n and_o day_n at_o the_o horn_n and_o give_v of_o counsel_n be_v art_n and_o part_n in_o this_o crime_n this_o act_n be_v to_o continue_v only_o for_o three_o year_n and_o be_v prorogat_n for_o seven_o year_n by_o the_o 138._o act_n parl._n 8._o ja._n 6._o and_o be_v thereafter_o make_v perpertual_a by_o the_o 219._o act_n 14._o parl._n ja._n 6._o i_o have_v oft_o see_v process_n intent_a upon_o this_o act_n before_o the_o lord_n but_o it_o be_v necessary_a albeit_o not_o observe_v that_o cognition_n be_v first_o take_v by_o the_o justice_n or_o other_o criminal_a and_o competent_a judge_n yet_o without_o this_o process_n be_v sustain_v by_o the_o lord_n in_o prima_fw-la instantià _fw-la but_o this_o defence_n be_v not_o there_o allege_v and_o process_n be_v sustain_v albeit_o no_o effusion_n of_o blood_n follow_v the_o 29._o of_o july_n 1662._o harper_n against_o hamiltoun_n where_o it_o be_v debate_v whether_o the_o lord_n may_v summary_o receive_v probation_n of_o it_o themselves_o or_o remit_v the_o trial_n to_o the_o justice_n for_o which_o doubt_n i_o think_v there_o be_v no_o great_a ground_n because_o by_o the_o act_n foresay_a the_o justice_n be_v only_a judge_n in_o prima_fw-la instantia_fw-la and_o yet_o in_o sleiche_n case_n 1673._o it_o be_v find_v that_o no_o previous_a trial_n before_o the_o justice_n be_v necessary_a the_o earl_n of_o niddisdale_n pursue_v the_o tenant_n of_o duncow_n february_n 1672._o they_o allege_v absolvitur_fw-la because_o the_o earl_n have_v beat_v some_o of_o they_o who_o be_v send_v to_o execute_v a_o summons_n at_o their_o instance_n against_o he_o at_o least_o he_o have_v give_v order_n to_o beat_v they_o or_o ratihabit_v the_o beat_n of_o they_o to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o 1._o the_o beat_v some_o of_o they_o can_v only_o find_v a_o exception_n to_o such_o as_o be_v beat_v and_o this_o the_o lord_n find_v relevant_a though_o the_o summons_n execute_v be_v for_o a_o common_a cause_n and_o so_o in_o effect_n those_o who_o be_v beat_v represent_v all_o the_o pursuer_n 2._o it_o be_v allege_v that_o order_n to_o beat_v they_o be_v only_o probable_a scripto_fw-la vel_fw-la juramento_fw-la for_o though_o a_o crime_n ordinary_o in_o a_o criminal_a court_n be_v probable_a pro_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la yet_o here_o quo_fw-la ad_fw-la civilem_fw-la effectum_fw-la it_o can_v not_o be_v so_o prove_v for_o else_o a_o nobleman_n whole_a and_o ancient_a heritage_n may_v ofttimes_o be_v take_v away_o by_o witness_n since_o process_n depend_v may_v extend_v to_o a_o nobleman_n whole_a estate_n 3._o it_o be_v allege_v that_o ratihabition_n or_o any_o deed_n ex_fw-la post_fw-la facto_fw-la do_v not_o infer_v the_o contravention_n of_o this_o act_n which_o require_v explicit_a deed_n as_o beat_v bleed_a etc._n etc._n the_o lord_n before_o answer_v to_o these_o two_o last_o alledgiance_n ordain_v witness_n to_o be_v lead_v before_o answer_v for_o clear_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o act_n and_o violence_n commit_v against_o they_o but_o in_o this_o case_n as_o in_o all_o other_o if_o the_o one_o party_n beat_v the_o other_o be_v force_v thereto_o by_o self-defence_n the_o striker_n will_v not_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la fall_v under_o the_o certification_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o be_v find_v the_o last_o of_o january_n 1673._o john_n sliech_n against_o swintoun_n in_o which_o case_n the_o lord_n also_o find_v that_o the_o certification_n of_o this_o act_n do_v reach_v such_o as_o wound_v one_o another_o during_o the_o dependence_n of_o a_o pursuit_n before_o a_o inferior_a court_n though_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o this_o respect_n be_v only_o due_a to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o session_n and_o that_o the_o act_n shall_v only_o reach_v such_o as_o pursue_v action_n before_o they_o for_o to_o lose_v the_o whole_a pley_n be_v too_o great_a a_o punishment_n for_o a_o incident_a riot_n before_o a_o inferior_a court_n i_o find_v likewise_o that_o one_o weir_n have_v be_v pursue_v for_o slaughter_n the_o 15._o of_o june_n 1591._o he_o allege_v he_o be_v absolve_v by_o a_o rolment_n of_o court_n at_o aberdene_n to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o the_o king_n have_v give_v a_o warrant_n for_o a_o further_a trial_n which_o reply_n found_v upon_o his_o majesty_n warrant_n be_v repel_v as_o contrary_a to_o law_n and_o because_o it_o be_v but_o a_o private_a rescript_n not_o subscribe_v by_o the_o chancellor_n nor_o past_a council_n and_o in_o respect_n the_o lord_n of_o session_n have_v give_v a_o warrant_n to_o proceed_v notwithstanding_o of_o the_o king_n private_a warrant_n it_o be_v also_o observable_a though_o i_o think_v it_o irregular_a that_o ludwharn_n have_v raise_v in_o anno_fw-la 1596._o a_o pursuit_n against_o momat_n and_o other_o for_o take_v he_o out_o of_o his_o house_n without_o a_o lawful_a warrant_n give_v in_o a_o bill_n to_o the_o lord_n complain_v that_o the_o duke_n of_o lennox_n as_o leiutennent_n of_o the_o north_n intend_v to_o repledge_a whereas_o that_o jurisdiction_n be_v only_o cumulative_a with_o the_o power_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o that_o he_o have_v a_o letter_n from_o his_o majesty_n ordain_v the_o justice_n to_o proceed_v wherefore_o he_o crave_v that_o the_o justice_n may_v be_v command_v to_o proceed_v which_o petition_n be_v grant_v viii_o albeit_o regulariter_fw-la the_o parliament_n or_o council_n grant_v warrant_n to_o advocat_n to_o appear_v for_o such_o as_o be_v panel_v before_o the_o justice_n yet_o i_o find_v that_o the_o lord_n grant_v a_o warrant_n in_o balmerinochs_n case_n to_o advocat_n to_o compear_v for_o he_o and_o see_v advocat_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o lord_n it_o be_v most_o reasonable_a that_o the_o application_n be_v make_v to_o they_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n likewise_o i_o find_v that_o when_o any_o of_o the_o lord_n be_v appoint_v assessor_n in_o criminal_a case_n by_o the_o council_n that_o they_o must_v have_v a_o warrant_v also_o from_o the_o lord_n for_o sit_v there_o as_o in_o tosh_n case_n 1637._o title_n ix_o the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n in_o criminal_n 1._o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n extend_v to_o all_o crime_n commit_v within_o flood-mark_a 2._o our_o admiral_n have_v execute_v pirate_n 3._o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o such_o as_o apprehend_v pirate_n to_o execute_v they_o by_o their_o own_o authority_n in_o the_o ocean_n or_o when_o judge_n refuse_v 4._o any_o nation_n may_v judge_v pirate_n 5._o whether_o the_o justice_n have_v a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n with_o the_o admiral_n 1._o the_o lord_n high_a aâ—miral_n and_o his_o depute_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n judge_n competent_a to_o the_o trial_n of_o all_o crime_n commit_v at_o sea_n and_o by_o a_o unprint_v statute_n with_o we_o the_o admiral_n be_v competent_a in_o all_o controversy_n action_n and_o quarrel_n concern_v crime_n fault_n and_o trespass_n upon_o sea_n or_o so_o far_o as_o the_o same_o flow_v or_o ebb_n vid._n ship-law_n correct_v by_o balfour_n do_fw-mi admiral_n etc._n etc._n cap._n 2._o our_o learned_a countryman_n king_n in_o his_o treatise_n which_o i_o have_v say_v admirans_fw-la habet_fw-la merum_fw-la imperium_fw-la mixium_fw-la &_o jurisdictionem_fw-la simplicem_fw-la potest_fw-la enim_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la jus_o dicere_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la jurisdictionis_fw-la simplicis_fw-la exequi_fw-la imperare_fw-la judices_fw-la dane_n coercere_fw-la quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la meri_fw-la imperii_fw-la sed_fw-la est_fw-la in_o facineroso_n animadvertere_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la meri_fw-la imperii_fw-la de_fw-la omnibus_fw-la igitur_fw-la contraversiis_fw-la marinis_fw-la cognoscere_fw-la
blame_v who_o do_v not_o either_o preveen_n or_o repledge_a baily_n of_o regality_n may_v likewise_o repledge_a from_o the_o king_n lieutenent_n as_o be_v find_v the_o 19_o of_o august_n 1596._o and_o as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o annexation_n and_o likewise_o from_o any_o commissioner_n appoint_v by_o the_o council_n as_o be_v find_v in_o may_n 1568._o and_o from_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n in_o riot_n and_o blood_n as_o be_v find_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n july_n 1617._o though_o these_o cause_n be_v of_o small_a moment_n and_o require_v summar_n and_o unexpensive_a cognition_n seem_v to_o require_v easy_a and_o less_o solemn_a trial_n in_o the_o procedor_fw-la than_o repledgiation_n will_v allow_v and_o yet_o by_o c._n 11._o the_o appell_n i_o find_v that_o licebat_fw-la in_o remimina_fw-la appellare_fw-la nor_o can_v the_o party_n injure_v complain_v since_o they_o may_v have_v make_v their_o application_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o regality_n nor_o shall_v their_o error_n prejudge_v his_o jurisdiction_n vii_o the_o manner_n of_o repledgiation_n from_o any_o court_n be_v that_o either_o the_o party_n himself_o who_o have_v the_o power_n of_o repledge_v or_o some_o other_o have_v a_o procurator_n from_o he_o compear_v and_o produce_v his_o charter_n of_o erection_n from_o the_o production_n of_o the_o seize_v be_v not_o sufficient_a see_v that_o be_v but_o assertio_fw-la notarii_fw-la yet_o sometime_o without_o production_n of_o the_o charter_n repledgiation_n will_v be_v sustain_v because_o it_o be_v notour_n that_o the_o repledger_n have_v a_o regality_n as_o in_o the_o duke_n of_o lennox_z case_n 1637._o as_o also_o repledgiation_n will_v be_v sustain_v upon_o production_n of_o the_o criminal_a register_n bear_v that_o it_o be_v former_o sustain_v to_o the_o same_o person_n may_v 1668._o arducaple_n against_o the_o commissioner_n of_o the_o highland_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o the_o production_n of_o a_o lord_n of_o regality_n retour_fw-fr will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o instruct_v that_o he_o have_v a_o regality_n and_o it_o appear_v it_o shall_v since_o a_o retour_fw-fr be_v a_o sentence_n and_o so_o be_v a_o sufficient_a instruction_n till_o it_o be_v reduce_v he_o who_o offer_v to_o repledge_a must_v find_v caution_n of_o culrach_n to_o do_v justice_n within_o year_n and_o day_n upon_o the_o person_n who_o he_o repledge_v and_o if_o the_o judge_n to_o who_o he_o be_v repledged_a do_v not_o justice_n within_o year_n and_o day_n he_o tine_v his_o court_n as_o we_o call_v it_o for_o year_n and_o day_n and_o the_o culrach_n for_o so_o the_o cautioner_n be_v call_v who_o have_v upon_o his_o become_a cautioner_n borrow_v the_o defender_n be_v in_o a_o unlaw_n and_o the_o judge_n from_o who_o he_o be_v borrow_v or_o repledged_a may_v proceed_v to_o do_v justice_n as_o former_o skeen_n de_fw-fr verb._n sig_n the_o panel_n likewise_o who_o be_v repledged_a must_v find_v caution_n for_o his_o own_o appearance_n before_o the_o lord_n of_o regality_n to_o under_o the_o law_n for_o the_o crime_n lay_v to_o his_o charge_n the_o 16._o of_o may_v 1599_o patrick_n m_n ckalla_o against_o the_o regality_n of_o lennox_n no_o person_n can_v be_v repledged_a except_o he_o be_v present_a at_o the_o court_n from_o which_o he_o be_v desire_v to_o be_v repledged_a for_o a_o party_n who_o be_v absent_a can_v find_v caution_n to_o sist_z himself_o before_o the_o court_n to_o which_o he_o be_v repledged_a as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o armstrong_n who_o be_v pursue_v for_o murder_v some_o customer_n be_v desire_v to_o be_v repledged_a by_o the_o earl_n of_o annandale_n anno_fw-la 1666._o nor_o can_v a_o person_n be_v repledged_a after_o defence_n be_v propon_v for_o he_o for_o this_o be_v recusatio_fw-la judicis_fw-la it_o must_v be_v ante_fw-la omne_fw-la propon_v dum_fw-la res_fw-la est_fw-la integra_fw-la viii_o when_o regality_n be_v erect_v there_o be_v a_o burgh_n of_o regality_n express_v therein_o and_o though_o that_o burgh_n may_v choose_v baily_n yet_o the_o bailie_n of_o regality_n have_v still_o a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n with_o those_o baily_n of_o the_o burgh_n of_o regality_n in_o that_o same_o way_n that_o other_o superior_n retain_v still_o a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n with_o their_o regality_n as_o be_v find_v the_o 24._o of_o january_n 1668._o betwixt_o the_o bailie_n of_o killimure_n and_o the_o burgh_n thereof_o this_o burgh_n be_v oblige_v to_o maintain_v a_o sufficient_a prison_n not_o only_o for_o criminal_n but_o for_o debtor_n by_o the_o 273._o act_n 15._o parl._n ja._n 6._o and_o all_o caption_n bear_v the_o letter_n to_o be_v direct_a to_o baily_n of_o regality_n etc._n etc._n and_o yet_o by_o that_o act_n these_o burgh_n seem_v only_o to_o be_v oblige_v to_o entertain_v prisoner_n where_o there_o be_v provost_n baily_n and_o common-good_a nota_fw-la that_o these_o word_n of_o that_o act_n by_o the_o sheriff_n to_o stewart_n and_o baily_n of_o regality_n be_v ill_o print_v for_o the_o word_n to_o shall_v be_v or_o the_o lord_n likewise_o decide_v thus_o against_o the_o baily_n of_o regality_n the_o 7._o of_o july_n 1668._o hamiltoun_n contra_fw-la callender_n in_o this_o burgh_n all_o court_n must_v be_v hold_v yet_o defender_n be_v oblige_v to_o compear_v at_o any_o other_o place_n within_o the_o regality_n to_o which_o they_o be_v express_o cite_v as_o have_v observe_v in_o a_o case_n the_o 16._o of_o march_n 1622._o or_o if_o the_o lord_n of_o regality_n be_v in_o use_n to_o hold_v his_o court_n else_o where_o for_o a_o considerable_a time_n without_o interruption_n the_o vassal_n or_o any_o other_o defender_n be_v oblige_v to_o appear_v thereat_o though_o it_o be_v not_o the_o place_n design_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o erection_n as_o had._n observe_v december_n 1624._o and_o if_o the_o party_n who_o be_v desire_v to_o be_v repledged_a dwell_v within_o the_o regality_n the_o time_n of_o the_o commit_n of_o the_o crime_n the_o repledgiation_n will_v be_v sustain_v though_o at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o be_v accuse_v he_o be_v remove_v without_o the_o regality_n as_o be_v find_v the_o 21._o of_o november_n 1632._o in_o the_o case_n of_o one_o weems_n who_o be_v desire_v to_o be_v repledged_a to_o the_o regality_n of_o methwen_n lord_n of_o regality_n be_v oblige_v to_o hold_v justice-court_n twice_o a_o year_n 3._o parl._n k._n ja._n 2._o act._n 5._o and_o if_o they_o be_v negligent_a in_o cause_v rest_n and_o steal_a good_n be_v restore_v the_o sheriff_n may_v fulfil_v their_o place_n act_n 11._o parl._n 15._o ja._n 2._o and_o when_o erection_n fall_v into_o the_o king_n hand_n the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o may_v be_v justify_v id_fw-la est_fw-la judge_v by_o the_o justice_n act_n 26._o par._n 6._o k._n i._n 6_o but_o this_o act_n can_v only_o take_v place_n till_o a_o stewart_n or_o bailie_n be_v appoint_v for_o regulariter_fw-la the_o king_n own_o stewart_n of_o regality_n may_v repledge_v from_o the_o justice_n a_o lord_n of_o regality_n can_v fit_v himself_o in_o his_o own_o court_n but_o must_v administer_v by_o a_o bailie_n who_o be_v sometime_o admit_v by_o a_o simple_a commission_n during_o his_o life_n or_o otherwise_o he_o be_v admit_v to_o be_v heritable_a bailie_n which_o right_o pass_v by_o infestment_n but_o this_o bailie_n be_v in_o land_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n and_o be_v proper_o call_v the_o stewart_n of_o the_o regality_n though_o sometime_o the_o king_n depute_n in_o regality_n be_v likewise_o call_v baily_n as_o in_o the_o 5._o act._n 3._o parl._n k_o i._n 2._o ix_o lord_n of_o regality_n can_v cite_v witness_n without_o their_o own_o jurisdiction_n but_o they_o must_v have_v letter_n of_o supplement_n for_o that_o office_n though_o general_o they_o may_v proceed_v in_o the_o same_o way_n that_o the_o justice-general_n do_v but_o they_o may_v exact_v caution_n to_o enter_v as_o law-will_a from_o the_o defender_n after_o sentence_n be_v give_v as_o be_v find_v the_o 7._o of_o october_n 1668._o betwixt_o mr._n john_n prestoun_n and_o mr._n john_n pape_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o great_a privilege_n than_o the_o justice_n have_v who_o can_v present_o exact_v caution_n of_o any_o person_n for_o pay_v a_o unlaw_n but_o can_v only_o raise_v letter_n of_o horning_n upon_o the_o act_n of_o adjournal_n the_o lord_n of_o regality_n have_v right_a to_o the_o single_a escheat_n of_o rebel_n live_v within_o their_o jurisdiction_n as_o also_o to_o the_o escheat_n of_o all_o person_n condemn_v for_o crime_n commit_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n within_o their_o jurisdiction_n albeit_o condemn_v by_o the_o justice_n from_o which_o general_a rule_n hope_v in_o his_o lesser_a practic_n except_v only_o the_o case_n of_o treason_n but_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o exception_n may_v not_o be_v likewise_o make_v of_o all_o other_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n see_v the_o lord_n
this_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o even_o our_o law_n appoint_v all_o the_o dispute_n upon_o the_o relevancy_n to_o be_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o assize_n 2._o the_o assize_n be_v oft_o stumble_v at_o what_o be_v refer_v to_o they_o and_o do_v very_o often_o mistake_v what_o be_v find_v relevant_a and_o what_o not_o 3._o assizer_n with_o we_o be_v oftentimes_o ignorant_a person_n at_o least_o seldom_o or_o never_o be_v they_o so_o judicious_a as_o to_o understand_v such_o intricat_a matter_n as_o advocat_n represent_v to_o they_o especial_o in_o circuit_n court_n where_o few_o have_v see_v assize_n before_o and_o they_o be_v oftentim_n but_o mean_a person_n or_o person_n who_o have_v interest_n 4._o by_o our_o law_n the_o libel_n be_v relevant_a if_o art_n and_o part_n be_v libel_v without_o condescend_v that_o they_o be_v art_n and_o part_n in_o swae_fw-la far_o as_o etc._n etc._n and_o the_o assizer_n be_v only_a judge_n to_o what_o be_v art_n and_o part_n so_o that_o in_o effect_n they_o be_v judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n of_o almost_o all_o case_n and_o be_v put_v to_o decide_v what_o have_v trouble_v the_o able_a doctor_n and_o author_n and_o so_o often_o time_n they_o return_v unformal_a verdict_n 5._o assizer_n be_v trouble_v in_o their_o commerce_n and_o abstract_v from_o their_o affair_n unnecessary_o be_v obliedge_v frequent_o upon_o continuation_n of_o diet_n to_o wait_v whole_a year_n and_o be_v ofttimes_o absent_a whereby_o diet_n be_v desert_v and_o they_o ofttimes_o syne_v 6._o by_o this_o mean_n assize_n of_o error_n will_v be_v suppress_v with_o which_o assizer_n be_v still_o threaten_v by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi before_o they_o be_v enclose_v and_o it_o seem_v barbarous_a that_o person_n who_o absolve_v shall_v be_v punish_v whereas_o there_o be_v no_o punishment_n for_o concondemn_v which_o inconveniency_n will_v also_o be_v take_v off_o by_o this_o overture_n 7._o assizers_n may_v in_o our_o law_n judge_n according_a to_o their_o private_a knowledge_n without_o lawful_a probation_n which_o seem_v dangerous_a in_o criminal_a case_n 8._o though_o of_o old_a when_o judge_n and_o assizer_n be_v equal_o ignorant_a assizer_n be_v appoint_v yet_o now_o when_o law_n be_v form_v to_o a_o science_n and_o that_o judge_n be_v presume_v to_o be_v learn_v and_o assizer_n not_o it_o seem_v reasonable_a they_o shall_v be_v suppress_v as_o well_o in_o criminal_a case_n as_o they_o be_v already_o in_o civil_a and_o since_o we_o have_v recee_v from_o the_o present_a custom_n of_o england_n and_o our_o own_o old_a custom_n by_o not_o allow_v assize_n in_o civil_a case_n why_o not_o rather_o in_o criminal_a case_n these_o be_v both_o of_o more_o intricacy_n and_o weight_n especial_o see_v in_o england_n the_o probation_n be_v before_o neighbour_n in_o the_o country_n who_o know_v best_a the_o matter_n of_o fact_n but_o with_o we_o assizer_n be_v seldom_o or_o never_o choose_v from_o the_o place_n where_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v but_o be_v burgess_n of_o edimburgh_n who_o be_v as_o great_a stranger_n to_o what_o past_a as_o the_o judge_n themselves_o and_o if_o assizer_n be_v to_o be_v bring_v from_o the_o country_n it_o will_v be_v very_o expensive_a 9_o the_o most_o learned_a and_o polish_a kingdom_n and_o common_a wealth_n who_o have_v form_v their_o law_n in_o calm_a and_o learned_a age_n make_v there_o judge_n discuss_v both_o relevancy_n and_o probation_n and_o it_o be_v think_v that_o either_o assiser_n have_v be_v introduce_v by_o we_o when_o we_o and_o england_n be_v both_o barbarous_a or_o else_o the_o justice_n have_v invent_v this_o act_n at_o first_o to_o relieve_v themselves_o of_o a_o burden_n v._o the_o assize_n be_v either_o a_o ordinary_a or_o great_a assize_n the_o great_a assize_n be_v that_o whereby_o a_o ordinar_n be_v try_v if_o they_o do_v wrong_v and_o i_o find_v some_o foundation_n for_o their_o term_n par_fw-fr la_fw-fr custum_fw-la d._n langumois_n act_n 4._o &_o de_fw-mi la_fw-fr rochal_a art_n 1._o la_o grand_a assize_n est_fw-fr du_fw-fr seneshal_n la_fw-fr petit_fw-fr du_fw-fr juge_fw-fr prevostal_n a_o ordinary_a assize_n use_v to_o consist_v of_o fifteen_o person_n but_o they_o may_v consist_v of_o more_o or_o few_o if_o the_o number_n be_v unequal_a and_o thus_o the_o penult_n of_o june_n 1614_o ronald_n be_v try_v and_o convict_v for_o dismember_a donaldson_n by_o a_o assize_n of_o thirteen_o person_n the_o reason_n why_o the_o assize_n must_v be_v unequal_a in_o number_n be_v least_o by_o equality_n of_o vot_n affair_n be_v not_o terminat_fw-la and_o bring_v to_o a_o speedy_a issue_n for_o which_o cause_n likewise_o lib._n 2._o reg._n maj._n cap._n 5._o and_o by_o the_o 87._o act_n 6._o parl._n k._n ja._n 1._o it_o be_v appoint_v that_o arbiter_n shall_v be_v appoint_v in_o a_o unequal_a number_n and_o yet_o i_o find_v that_o in_o the_o civil_a brief_n of_o right_n a_o assize_n shall_v consist_v of_o twelve_o swear_a man_n albeit_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o england_n the_o assizer_n must_v all_o agree_v in_o one_o voice_n yet_o with_o we_o the_o major_a part_n may_v condemn_v or_o absolve_v but_o if_o six_o of_o fifteen_o be_v only_o positive_a and_o eight_o non_fw-la liquet_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o this_o verdict_n shall_v condemn_v for_o else_o if_o one_o do_v condemn_v and_o fourteen_o be_v not_o clear_a that_o one_o will_v condemn_v which_o be_v most_o absurd_a and_o in_o july_n 1675._o a_o verdict_n in_o a_o perambulation_n betwixt_o walstoun_n and_o sr._n john_n cheesly_n be_v quarrel_v in_o a_o advocation_n as_o unjust_a because_o the_o great_a number_n be_v non_fw-la liquet_n the_o lord_n do_v advocate_n the_o cause_n to_o themselves_o which_o employ_v that_o they_o do_v not_o sustain_v the_o verdict_n as_o valid_a vi_o the_o assizer_n be_v ordinary_o call_v by_o sives_z and_o the_o oath_n administrat_fw-la to_o they_o be_v that_o you_o shall_v all_o the_o truth_n tell_v and_o nae_fw-la truth_n conceal_v in_o so_o far_o as_o you_o be_v to_o pass_v upon_o this_o present_a assize_n swa_o help_v you_o god_n which_o i_o find_v likewise_o to_o have_v be_v the_o form_n of_o old_a reg._n maj._n lib._n 1._o vers_fw-la 12._o and_o albeit_o by_o the_o 138._o act_n 13._o parl._n ja._n 1._o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o all_o judge_n shall_v cause_v assiser_n swear_v when_o they_o take_v their_o oath_n that_o they_o have_v not_o take_v any_o bud_n from_o the_o party_n yet_o they_o do_v never_o tender_v to_o they_o this_o oath_n except_o either_o the_o judge_n or_o party_n be_v jealous_a of_o the_o assiser_n assiser_n be_v party_n judge_n partly_o witness_n as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o they_o be_v judge_n in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o consider_v the_o probation_n lead_v by_o other_o and_o judge_v whether_o prove_v or_o not_o prove_v they_o be_v witness_n in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o may_v condemn_v upon_o proper_a knowledge_n without_o any_o other_o probation_n and_o therefore_o whatever_o exception_n may_v be_v propon_v either_o against_o judge_n or_o witness_v be_v admit_v against_o assiser_n and_o thus_o a_o assiser_n be_v set_v for_o that_o be_v the_o term_n of_o decline_v use_v in_o this_o case_n because_o he_o be_v not_o twenty_o five_o year_n of_o age_n which_o be_v the_o age_n require_v in_o a_o judge_n act_n 132._o parl._n 12._o ja._n 6._o vid._n 7._o june_n 1616._o but_o because_o the_o exception_n against_o assiser_n be_v ordinary_o coincident_a with_o these_o that_o be_v against_o witness_n therefore_o we_o shall_v remit_v they_o to_o the_o title_n of_o witness_n only_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o cherurgians_n of_o edinburgh_n be_v exeme_v by_o q._n mary_n from_o be_v cite_v upon_o assize_n because_o of_o the_o peremptoriness_n of_o the_o employment_n which_o be_v sustain_v by_o the_o justice_n july_n 1671._o both_o as_o to_o assize_n within_o the_o town_n and_o without_o the_o town_n though_o our_o learned_a craig_n be_v a_o justice-deput_a have_v former_o sustain_v it_o as_o to_o assize_n without_o the_o town_n only_o vii_o it_o be_v a_o principle_n in_o the_o feudal_a law_n that_o all_o man_n shall_v be_v judge_v per_fw-la pares_fw-la curiae_fw-la the_o meaning_n whereof_o be_v that_o a_o vassal_n shall_v be_v judge_v per_fw-la convassallo_fw-la because_o it_o be_v presume_v that_o these_o understand_v best_o the_o person_n to_o be_v try_v and_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o panel_n former_a life_n and_o conversation_n be_v a_o great_a help_n towards_o a_o sound_a judgement_n of_o the_o case_n and_o from_o this_o feudal_a custom_n rise_v our_o maxim_n that_o every_o man_n shall_v be_v judge_v by_o his_o peer_n quon_n attach_v cap._n 67._o the_o word_n be_v it_o be_v statute_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v judge_v by_o a_o low_a person_n than_o his_o peer_n a_o earl_n by_o a_o earl_n a_o baron_n by_o a_o baron_n
instance_n of_o the_o fisk._n 2._o if_o the_o objection_n be_v such_o as_o tend_v to_o cast_v the_o witness_n mere_o because_o of_o his_o relation_n to_o the_o party_n wrong_v as_o that_o he_o be_v servant_n or_o within_o degree_n defendant_n to_o the_o party_n wrong_v then_o though_o the_o party_n wrong_v insist_v not_o yet_o these_o witness_n can_v be_v receive_v if_o any_o advantage_n may_v accress_v to_o the_o party_n wrong_v by_o their_o deposition_n and_o except_o he_o declare_v that_o he_o shall_v thereby_o reap_v no_o advantage_n and_o except_v the_o crime_n be_v such_o as_o do_v no_o affront_n to_o the_o party_n injure_v for_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la it_o be_v still_o presume_v that_o his_o relation_n will_v retain_v a_o private_a grudge_n or_o malice_n whereupon_o they_o may_v prejudge_v in_o their_o deposition_n both_o the_o truth_n and_o the_o defender_n and_o yet_o ordinary_o with_o we_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o person_n injure_v be_v receive_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o king_n advocate_n thus_o neilson_n be_v receive_v against_o margaret_n wallace_n for_o witchcraft_n though_o he_o be_v brother_n in_o law_n to_o nicol_n who_o give_v information_n in_o the_o dittay_n because_o the_o summons_n be_v not_o raise_v at_o his_o instance_n the_o 20._o of_o march_n 1622._o and_o yet_o in_o that_o same_o process_n stirling_n be_v not_o admit_v to_o be_v a_o assizer_n because_o he_o be_v brother_n in_o law_n to_o muir_n who_o be_v one_o of_o these_o who_o be_v allege_v to_o be_v malificiat_a by_o she_o albeit_o the_o libel_n be_v not_o raise_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o muir_n nor_o none_o of_o his_o relation_n which_o i_o think_v both_o irregular_a and_o dangerous_a albeit_o these_o be_v relevant_a objection_n against_o witness_n yet_o if_o the_o proponer_n of_o the_o objection_n cite_v they_o also_o at_o his_o own_o instance_n eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la he_o acknowledge_v the_o witness_n to_o be_v habiles_fw-la testes_fw-la but_o sometime_o he_o may_v notwithstanding_o propon_n objection_n even_o against_o those_o himself_n cite_v v_o g._n though_o i_o cite_v a_o man_n to_o be_v witness_n for_o i_o yet_o i_o may_v set_v he_o from_o be_v witness_n for_o my_o adversary_n because_o he_o be_v brother_n or_o servant_n iv._o the_o objection_n contradicta_fw-la testium_fw-la be_v singularity_n and_o contrariety_n and_o the_o not_o give_v a_o sufficient_a causa_fw-la scientiae_fw-la singularity_n be_v when_o the_o witness_n who_o depon_n have_v no_o concur_v witness_n and_o this_o singularity_n be_v divide_v in_o obstativam_fw-la adminiculativam_fw-la &_o diversificativam_fw-la singularitas_fw-la obstativa_fw-la be_v in_o acta_fw-la non_fw-la reiterabili_fw-la a_o instance_n whereof_o they_o give_v in_o susanna_n and_o the_o two_o elder_n who_o depone_v upon_o the_o same_o adultery_n but_o differ_v in_o the_o place_n and_o therefore_o do_v not_o prove_v and_o it_o be_v a_o general_a rule_n that_o where_o the_o crime_n be_v not_o reiterable_a or_o reiterated_a that_o two_o witness_n vary_v upon_o the_o time_n or_o place_n as_o if_o one_o shall_v say_v a_o man_n be_v murder_v at_o edimburgh_n and_o the_o other_o at_o haddingtoun_n these_o deposition_n can_v not_o be_v conjoin_v for_o prove_v the_o murder_n singularitas_fw-la adminiculativa_fw-la be_v where_o the_o witness_n do_v not_o concur_v in_o their_o deposition_n yet_o they_o be_v not_o contrary_a and_o the_o one_o assist_v the_o other_o as_o in_o the_o prove_v that_o a_o horse_n be_v steal_v one_o shall_v depon_n that_o he_o see_v the_o thief_n go_v in_o without_o a_o horse_n another_o see_v he_o take_v the_o horse_n but_o no_o more_o which_o singularity_n in_o deposition_n do_v not_o hinder_v the_o witness_n to_o prove_v neither_o by_o our_o practic_n nor_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n singularitas_fw-la diversificativa_fw-la be_v when_o witness_n depon_n different_a act_n as_o in_o a_o crime_n which_o be_v reiterable_a and_o thus_o the_o adultery_n against_o john_n maxwel_n be_v find_v by_o the_o lord_n to_o be_v sufficient_o prove_v though_o one_o of_o the_o witness_n depone_v only_o upon_o a_o adultery_n commit_v at_o one_o time_n and_o another_o of_o a_o adultery_n commit_v at_o another_o time_n february_n 1666._o for_o the_o lord_n think_v that_o if_o one_o witness_n shall_v peep_v in_o through_o a_o hole_n and_o see_v adultery_n commit_v and_o thereafter_o another_o witness_n shall_v peep_v in_o and_o see_v the_o adultery_n likewise_o commit_v yet_o they_o be_v contest_v and_o do_v prove_v sufficient_o etiam_fw-la ad_fw-la paenam_fw-la mortis_fw-la infligendam_fw-la as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o probation_n of_o adultery_n lead_v against_o george_n swintoun_n but_o in_o my_o opinion_n this_o case_n differ_v from_o the_o former_a for_o in_o george_n swintoun_v case_n both_o the_o witness_n concur_v in_o one_o act_n but_o they_o do_v not_o so_o in_o the_o case_n of_o john_n maxwel_n and_o therefore_o though_o the_o deposition_n be_v conjoin_v against_o he_o by_o the_o lord_n for_o sustain_v a_o decreet_a of_o divorce_n yet_o it_o be_v hard_o that_o these_o different_a probation_n can_v have_v be_v conjoin_v if_o the_o case_n have_v be_v criminal_o pursue_v as_o be_v clear_a by_o farin_n quest_n 64._o the_o opposition_n contra_fw-la exam_fw-la testium_fw-la num_fw-la 55._o xv._n witness_n who_o depon_n thing_n that_o be_v contrary_a do_v not_o prove_v if_o that_o contrariety_n be_v in_o thing_n that_o be_v substantial_a but_o though_o they_o differ_v in_o some_o extrinsic_a circumstance_n yet_o they_o prove_v &_o verba_fw-la sunt_fw-la improprianda_fw-la nut_n testes_fw-la concordentur_fw-la &_o etiam_fw-la concordari_fw-la debent_fw-la aliquando_fw-la à _fw-la judice_fw-la per_fw-la interpretationem_fw-la supletivam_fw-la but_o though_o contrariety_n be_v a_o great_a defect_n in_o deposition_n yet_o too_o formal_a a_o agreement_n among_o the_o witness_n who_o depon_n all_o in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n &_o per_fw-la praemeditatum_fw-la sermonem_fw-la be_v suspect_v v_o g._n if_o two_o or_o more_o witness_n shall_v tell_v over_o a_o long_a story_n in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n as_o farin_n well_o observe_v quest_n 64._o num_fw-la 24._o xvi_o lawyer_n have_v take_v so_o great_a pain_n to_o secure_v the_o life_n of_o poor_a panel_n that_o they_o will_v not_o believe_v witness_n though_o concur_v except_o they_o can_v render_v a_o sufficient_a causa_fw-la scientiae_fw-la if_o the_o thing_n deponed_a fall_n under_o sense_n as_o the_o see_v a_o man_n kill_v if_o it_o fall_v not_o under_o a_o sense_n absolute_o as_o that_o a_o person_n be_v drink_v mad_a or_o repute_v a_o thief_n etc._n etc._n betwixt_o which_o two_o there_o be_v likewise_o this_o difference_n that_o in_o these_o thing_n that_o fall_v not_o under_o sense_n the_o ratio_fw-la scientiae_fw-la must_v be_v give_v whether_o it_o be_v ask_v or_o not_o because_o in_o effect_n it_o be_v the_o ratio_fw-la scientiae_fw-la and_o not_o the_o deposition_n which_o prove_v in_o that_o case_n witness_n must_v in_o our_o law_n be_v receive_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o panel_n and_o assize_n that_o the_o panel_n presence_n may_v overawe_n the_o deponer_n and_o that_o the_o assize_n may_v judge_v by_o the_o deponers_n countenance_n gesture_n and_o assurance_n how_o far_o he_o shall_v be_v believe_v and_o advocat_n be_v to_o be_v present_a that_o they_o may_v interrogat_n upon_o emergent_n and_o this_o be_v much_o just_a than_o the_o law_n of_o other_o nation_n be_v who_o allow_v neither_o advocate_n nor_o party_n to_o be_v present_a whilst_o the_o witness_n depon_n gomes_n de_fw-fr delict_n cap._n 1._o num_fw-la 65._o and_o in_o this_o also_o we_o agree_v with_o the_o civil_a law_n l._n custodias_fw-la ff_n the_o publ_n judiciis_fw-la xvii_o witness_n be_v sometime_o receive_v in_o criminalibus_fw-la ad_fw-la futuram_fw-la rei_fw-la memoriam_fw-la for_o the_o defender_n but_o never_o for_o the_o accuser_n and_o that_o because_o the_o accuser_n may_v blame_v himself_o for_o not_o pursue_v soon_o which_o be_v not_o in_o the_o defender_n power_n and_o testibus_fw-la non_fw-la testimoniis_fw-la creditur_fw-la whereas_o deposition_n ad_fw-la futuram_fw-la rei_fw-la memoriam_fw-la be_v only_o testimonia_fw-la and_o yet_o with_o we_o the_o justice_n sometime_o declare_v in_o court_n when_o they_o continue_v diet_n that_o they_o will_v receive_v the_o deposition_n of_o witness_n to_o lie_v in_o retentis_fw-la but_o this_o form_n be_v not_o allowable_a in_o my_o opinion_n except_o both_o party_n consent_n because_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n all_o probation_n shall_v be_v lead_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o assize_n xviii_o it_o be_v a_o defect_n in_o our_o law_n that_o albeit_o it_o allow_v the_o panel_n to_o object_n against_o witness_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o allow_v he_o to_o cite_v witness_n to_o prove_v his_o objection_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi adduce_v a_o witness_n who_o be_v convict_v of_o theft_n by_o a_o sentence_n at_o aberdene_n this_o will_v be_v relevant_a but_o the_o panel_n can_v not_o