Selected quad for the lemma: lord_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
lord_n	john_n	parliament_n	sir_n	15,642	5	6.0571	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A64083	Bibliotheca politica: or An enquiry into the ancient constitution of the English government both in respect to the just extent of regal power, and the rights and liberties of the subject. Wherein all the chief arguments, as well against, as for the late revolution, are impartially represented, and considered, in thirteen dialogues. Collected out of the best authors, as well antient as modern. To which is added an alphabetical index to the whole work.; Bibliotheca politica.	Tyrrell, James, 1642-1718.	1694 (1694)	Wing T3582; ESTC P6200	1,210,521	1,073

atque_fw-la sup●_n m●ner●_n ministri_fw-la notantur_fw-la and_o also_o in_o his_o perambulation_n of_o kent_n sai_z 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v usual_o take_v for_o the_o very_a same_o that_o we_o call_v now_o from_o the_o latin_a word_n gentilis_fw-la a_o gentleman_n that_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o man_n well_o bear_v or_o of_o good_a stock_n and_o family_n so_o that_o i_o think_v nothing_o can_v be_v more_o evident_a than_o that_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o our_o best_a critic_n in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n the_o word_n thane_n do_v not_o always_o signify_v a_o great_a lord_n or_o baron_n of_o parliament_n as_o he_o be_v now_o call_v in_o distinction_n to_o a_o inferior_a nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n and_o that_o there_o be_v also_o burgh_n thanes_z thanes_z of_o city_n and_o borough_n will_v evident_o appear_v from_o a_o writ_n or_o charter_n of_o k._n edward_n the_o confessor_n westmin_fw-la which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v find_v in_o sir_n john_n cotton_n library_n in_o these_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d willem_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d alle_fw-mi my_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d on_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o charter_n with_o divers_a other_o of_o like_a nature_n confirm_v the_o privilege_n of_o that_o monastery_n be_v collect_v by_o a_o monk_n of_o westminster_n call_v sulcardus_n who_o live_v not_o long_o after_o the_o conquest_n in_o the_o next_o place_n as_o for_o the_o word_n magnate_v though_o i_o grant_v it_o there_o often_o signify_v great_a man_n or_o lord_n yet_o not_o only_o such_o as_o be_v lord_n or_o nobleman_n by_o birth_n but_o as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o several_a instance_n as_o well_o before_o as_o after_o the_o norman_a entrance_n that_o it_o likewise_o also_o comprehend_v the_o gentry_n or_o inferior_a nobility_n and_o such_o as_o be_v eminent_a and_o considerable_a either_o in_o the_o country_n or_o city_n for_o interest_n office_n or_o estate_n as_o for_o the_o word_n optimates_fw-la i_o know_v it_o signify_v the_o better_a or_o best_a sort_n of_o man_n yet_o not_o always_o great_a nobleman_n or_o lord_n for_o in_o monastic_a anglic._n tom._n 3._o we_o read_v of_o one_o goda_n who_o under_o edw._n the_o confessor_n subscribe_v himself_o optimatem_fw-la &_o ministrum_fw-la regalem_fw-la i._n e._n thane_n and_o lest_o you_o shall_v apprehend_v that_o optimas_fw-la shall_v always_o signify_v the_o king_n thane_n or_o tenent_n in_o capite_fw-la du_fw-fr fresne_n in_o his_o glossary_n define_v optimates_fw-la to_o be_v vassalli_n barones_n qui_fw-la ab_fw-la ullo_fw-la domino_fw-la ratione_fw-la hominu_n need_n pendet_fw-la but_o i_o shall_v speak_v more_o of_o this_o word_n optimates_fw-la when_o i_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o time_n not_o long_o after_o william_n the_o first_o in_o the_o next_o place_n for_o the_o word_n proceres_fw-la it_o do_v not_o only_o signify_v man_n noble_a by_o birth_n but_o isidore_n a_o spanish_a author_n in_o the_o gothic-time_n in_o his_o origines_fw-la lib._n 9_o cap._n 4._o say_v thus_o proceres_fw-la sunt_fw-la principes_fw-la civium_fw-la and_o that_o this_o word_n often_o signify_v in_o the_o ancient_a english_a saxon_n the_o chief_a magistrate_n of_o city_n or_o burgh_n 56._o appear_v by_o alfrick_n ancient_a glossary_a where_o these_o word_n proceres_fw-la primate_fw-la vel_fw-la primores_fw-la he_o thus_o render_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d buph_n papa_n 420._o and_o du_n fresne_n in_o his_o glossary_n say_v also_o proceres_fw-la app●●labantur_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o civitatibus_fw-la pracipuos_fw-la magistratus_fw-la gerebant_fw-la as_o for_o the_o word_n principes_fw-la any_o man_n that_o understand_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o latin_a tongue_n know_v that_o it_o do_v not_o always_o signify_v prince_n or_o man_n noble_a by_o birth_n but_o any_o chief_a or_o principal_a man_n remarkable_a by_o place_n office_n or_o dignity_n and_o therefore_o we_o often_o read_v in_o livy_n and_o other_o latin_a author_n of_o principes_fw-la civitatis_fw-la and_o in_o this_o sense_n i_o suppose_v every_o member_n of_o parliament_n may_v be_v reckon_v inter_fw-la principes_fw-la among_o the_o most_o considerable_a or_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o when_o our_o ancient_a english_a historian_n as_o well_o before_o as_o immediate_o after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n do_v often_o after_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n etc._n etc._n add_v &_o caeteri_fw-la toti●●_n regni_fw-la proceres_fw-la &_o optimates_fw-la or_o principes_fw-la as_o member_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o those_o time_n yet_o that_o these_o writer_n do_v not_o then_o mean_v what_o you_o will_v understand_v by_o these_o word_n only_a prince_n earl_n or_o great_a lord_n mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n teach_v we_o 605._o when_o speak_v of_o this_o word_n principes_fw-la as_o the_o most_o comprehensive_a of_o any_o say_v that_o though_o princeps_fw-la in_o the_o singular_a be_v proper_a to_o every_o earl_n or_o alderman_n yet_o in_o the_o plural_a principes_fw-la be_v more_o often_o apply_v comprehensive_o to_o other_o also_o of_o less_o though_o of_o special_a eminency_n such_o as_o be_v viri_fw-la primarii_fw-la or_o thanes_z and_o for_o this_o he_o refer_v we_o to_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n ethelwulf_n as_o it_o be_v recite_v by_o w._n of_o malmsbury_n lib._n 2_o cap._n 2._o and_o ingulph_n wherein_o that_o king_n grant_v tithe_n frank._n and_o divers_a other_o privilege_n to_o the_o church_n abbey_n of_o malmsbury_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v consilio_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o principum_fw-la snorum_fw-la as_o also_o of_o hen._n hunt_n ibid._n who_o relate_v the_o election_n of_o harold_n the_o son_n of_o king_n cnute_n express_v it_o thus_o fuit_fw-la magnum_fw-la placitum_fw-la apud_fw-la oxonford_n ubi_fw-la leofricus_n consul_n &_o omnes_fw-la principes_fw-la eligerunt_fw-la heraldum_n last_o as_o for_o the_o word_n wites_z or_o sapientes_fw-la there_o can_v be_v nothing_o in_o that_o word_n which_o can_v limit_v it_o only_o to_o man_n noble_a by_o birth_n since_o it_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o king_n be_v great_a council_n of_o wise_a man_n or_o senator_n and_o may_v also_o well_o refer_v to_o the_o chief_a magistrate_n or_o representative_n of_o great_a city_n and_o borough_n for_o du_n fresne_n in_o his_o glossary_n tell_v we_o 700._o that_o among_o the_o l●mbards_n sapientes_fw-la in_o italia_n appellabant_fw-la &_o civitatum_fw-la cives_fw-la primarii_fw-la quorum_fw-la consilio_fw-la respublicae_fw-la gerebantur_fw-la hieron_n rubeus_n lib._n hist._n raven_n anno_fw-la 1297._o sed_fw-la long_o antea_fw-la illud_fw-la nomen_fw-la abt●●uit_fw-la in_o aliis_fw-la longobard●rum_fw-la civitatibus_fw-la ut_fw-la colligere_fw-la liceret_fw-la ex_fw-la ottone_n &_o acerbo_fw-la morena_n in_o hist._n rerum_fw-la l●ndevetium_n etc._n etc._n nor_o be_v this_o authority_n inconsiderable_a since_o the_o lombard_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o goth_n gothicam_fw-la from_o who_o also_o the_o english_a saxon_n have_v their_o original_a and_o have_v the_o like_a fundamental_a constitution_n and_o be_v govern_v by_o much_o the_o same_o law_n but_o that_o the_o title_n of_o wites_z or_o sapientes_fw-la be_v often_o attribute_v to_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n i_o shall_v explain_v to_o you_o when_o i_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o after_o the_o norman_n entrance_n where_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o that_o divers_a petition_n be_v direct_v a_o tres_fw-la sage_n les_fw-fr commune_v and_o sure_o whosoever_o be_v choose_v by_o a_o county_n city_n or_o borough_n as_o their_o representative_a and_o be_v by_o they_o think_v wise_a enough_o to_o be_v trust_v with_o their_o purse_n and_o to_o make_v law_n for_o they_o may_v very_o well_o i_o think_v be_v call_v in_o old_a english_a a_o wite_n or_o in_o our_o modern_a dialect_n a_o disercet_a or_o wise_a man_n but_o let_v this_o word_n wite_v signify_v what_o it_o will_v yet_o it_o can_v never_o mean_v here_o great_a lawyer_n or_o judge_n as_o your_o dr._n will_v have_v it_o since_o i_o very_o much_o doubt_n whether_o law_n be_v then_o a_o trade_n or_o profession_n or_o not_o and_o that_o the_o judge_n in_o those_o day_n have_v not_o any_o more_o voice_n in_o make_v law_n than_o they_o have_v now_o or_o any_o more_o to_o do_v in_o it_o than_o in_o the_o bare_a draw_v of_o they_o up_o i_o be_o very_a well_o satisfy_v since_o if_o they_o have_v any_o such_o power_n in_o those_o day_n i_o do_v not_o believe_v our_o king_n will_v ever_o have_v let_v they_o have_v lose_v it_o since_o it_o be_v so_o advantageous_a to_o their_o prerogative_n that_o they_o shall_v keep_v it_o i_o can_v give_v you_o divers_a other_o authority_n though_o of_o late_a date_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v often_o include_v under_o the_o word_n sapientes_fw-la in_o our_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n but_o i_o refer_v those_o for_o the_o time_n after_o the_o conquest_n but_o i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n for_o be_v so_o

second_o he_o gives_z we_o in_o his_o prologue_n to_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n this_o testimony_n leges_fw-la namque_fw-la anglicanas_fw-la lice●●on_fw-la scriptas_fw-la leges_fw-la appellari_fw-la non_fw-la videtur_fw-la absurdum_fw-la cum_fw-la boc_fw-la ipsum_fw-la lex_fw-la sit_fw-la quod_fw-la principi_fw-la placet_fw-la &_o legis_fw-la habet_fw-la vigorem_fw-la ●as_fw-la scilicet_fw-la quas_fw-la super_fw-la dubljs_fw-la in_o con●ilio_fw-la definiendis_fw-la procerum_fw-la quidem_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o principis_fw-la accadente_fw-la authoritate_fw-la constat_fw-la esse_fw-la promulgatas_fw-la so_o likewise_o bracton_n in_o his_o very_a first_o chapter_n speak_v much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n cum_fw-la legis_fw-la vigorem_fw-la habeat_fw-la quicquid_fw-la de_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr cons●nsu_fw-la magnatum_fw-la &_o reipublicae_fw-la comm●ni_fw-la sponsione_n authoritate_fw-la principis_fw-la pr●ce●●nte_fw-la justè_fw-la fuerit_fw-la defini●um_fw-la &_o approbatum_fw-la and_o also_o in_o his_o three_o book_n chap._n 2._o when_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o ancient_a manner_n of_o make_v law_n in_o england_n he_o say_v quae_fw-la quidem_fw-la fuerint_fw-la approbate_a concensu_fw-la utentium_fw-la &_o sacramento_n r●gum_fw-la confirma●ae_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la mutari_fw-la at●_n destrui_fw-la sine_fw-la communi_fw-la consensu_fw-la utentium_fw-la &_o consilio_fw-la eorum_fw-la quorum_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o consensu_fw-la fuerint_fw-la promulgata_fw-la where_o you_o may_v see_v these_o ancient_a author_n plain_o declare_v that_o nothing_o have_v the_o force_n of_o a_o law_n in_o this_o kingdom_n but_o what_o be_v approve_v of_o and_o consent_v to_o by_o all_o order_n of_o man_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o representative_n and_o which_o be_v very_o remarkable_a bracton_n suppose_v the_o king_n authority_n or_o royal_a sanction_n of_o a_o law_n may_v precede_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o great_a council_n which_o quite_o destroy_v that_o notion_n that_o it_o be_v the_o king_n give_v his_o last_o assent_n which_o give_v it_o the_o essence_n and_o vigour_n of_o a_o law_n and_o with_o these_o more_o ancient_a sage_n of_o the_o law_n fortescue_n also_o agree_v in_o his_o 9th_o chap._n d●_n laudibus_fw-la legum_n angliae_fw-la where_o he_o say_v rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la populum_fw-la guberna●_fw-la non_fw-la mera_fw-fr potes●●_n to_o regid_a sed_fw-la politica_fw-la populus_fw-la &_o enim_fw-la ijs_fw-la legib●_n guber●●tur_fw-la quas_fw-la ipse_fw-la fert_fw-la etc._n etc._n what_o follow_v be_v word_n for_o word_n the_o same_o with_o what_o bracton_n have_v before_o in_o his_o first_o chap_n and_o therefore_o need_v not_o to_o be_v repeat_v so_o likewise_o in_o the_o 18_o chap._n speak_v of_o the_o absolute_a legislative_a power_n of_o king_n in_o some_o other_o kingdom_n he_o thus_o proceed_v sed_fw-la non_fw-la sic_fw-la angliae_fw-la statuta_fw-la oriri_fw-la possunt_fw-la dum_fw-la nelum_fw-la principis_fw-la voluntate_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o to●ius_fw-la regni_fw-la assensu_fw-la ipsa_fw-la conduntur_fw-la quo_fw-la populi_n laesuram_fw-la nequiunt_fw-la vel_fw-la non_fw-la eorum_fw-la commodum_fw-la procurare_fw-la but_o if_o they_o after_o prove_v inconvenient_a he_o immediate_o add_v concito_fw-la reformari_fw-la ipsa_fw-la possunt_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la sine_fw-la communitatis_fw-la &_o proterum_fw-la regni_fw-la illius_fw-la assensu_fw-la quali_fw-la ipsa_fw-la primitùs_fw-la emanarunt_fw-la to_o which_o i_o may_v also_o add_v a_o authority_n out_o of_o that_o learned_a author_n st._n german_n who_o in_o his_o dialogue_n call_v the_o dr._n and_o student_n write_v in_o latin_a in_o the_o 10_o chap._n entitle_v de_fw-la sexto_fw-la fundamento_fw-la legis_fw-la angliae_fw-la the_o student_n thus_o speak_v sexium_fw-la fundamentum_fw-la legis_fw-la angliae_fw-la s●at_fw-la in_o diversis_fw-la statutis_fw-la per_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la &_o progenitores_fw-la suos_fw-la &_o per_fw-la dominos_fw-la spirituales_fw-la &_o temporales_fw-la &_o per_fw-la communitatem_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o parliamentis_fw-la editis_fw-la ubi_fw-la lex_fw-la rationis_fw-la lex_fw-la divi●a_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la maxima_fw-la sive_fw-la alia_fw-la fundamenta_fw-la legis_fw-la anglia_fw-it priàs_o sufficere_fw-la minimè_fw-la videbantur_fw-la where_o you_o see_v the_o legislative_a power_n be_v here_o attribute_v to_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o joint_o with_o the_o king_n and_o therefore_o my_o lord_n coke_n in_o his_o note_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n i_o call_v it_o a_o complete_a parliament_n as_o consist_v of_o all_o the_o estate_n necessary_a thereunto_o for_o say_v he_o a_o parliament_n concern_v make_v or_o enact_v law_n consist_v of_o the_o king_n the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o commons_o and_o 〈◊〉_d be_v no_o act_n of_o parliament_n unless_o it_o be_v make_v by_o the_o king_n lord_n and_o commons_z m._n i_o shall_v not_o much_o concern_v myself_o with_o what_o your_o common_a lawyer_n either_o ancient_a or_o modern_a have_v write_v upon_o this_o matter_n much_o less_o what_o sir_n edward_n coke_n a_o know_a enemy_n to_o the_o king_n prerogative_n do_v maintain_v since_o i_o have_v as_o good_a or_o a_o better_a authority_n than_o he_o b._n viz._n that_o of_o the_o year-book_n of_o 22_o ed._n 3._o wherein_o it_o be_v express_o declare_v by_o divers_a earl_n and_o baron_n and_o by_o all_o the_o justice_n in_o the_o case_n of_o one_o headlow_n and_o his_o wife_n who_o have_v a_o suit_n with_o the_o king_n that_o the_o king_n make_v the_o law_n by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o and_o not_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o and_o that_o he_o can_v have_v no_o peer_n in_o his_o own_o land_n and_o that_o the_o king_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v judge_v by_o they_o so_o that_o it_o be_v i_o think_v evident_a that_o the_o law_n be_v primary_o and_o proper_o make_v by_o the_o king_n and_o that_o the_o two_o house_n have_v a_o cooperation_n but_o no_o co-ordination_a of_o power_n with_o he_o and_o though_o at_o this_o day_n i_o grant_v that_o custom_n have_v make_v the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o necessary_a to_o the_o pass_v of_o all_o law_n yet_o it_o be_v still_o the_o king_n word_n or_o le_fw-fr royal_a veul●_n that_o make_v they_o so_o and_o i_o much_o doubt_n whether_o even_o this_o be_v part_n of_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o this_o kingdom_n or_o not_o or_o proceed_v at_o first_o from_o the_o gracious_a favour_n and_o permission_n of_o former_a king_n as_o i_o can_v show_v by_o the_o whole_a series_n of_o council_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n if_o it_o be_v not_o too_o tedious_a to_o mention_v they_o particular_o therefore_o i_o shall_v only_o select_a some_o of_o the_o most_o remarkable_a for_o though_o i_o confess_v the_o english_a saxon_a king_n perform_v all_o great_a and_o considerable_a thing_n by_o the_o counsel_n and_o advice_n of_o their_o bishop_n and_o nobleman_n comprehend_v under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o wit_n yet_o you_o will_v find_v by_o the_o title_n of_o almost_o all_o the_o council_n in_o spellman_n lambard_n and_o that_o these_o king_n alone_o make_v their_o law_n though_o by_o the_o advice_n and_o council_n of_o their_o wittena_n gemote_a which_o be_v then_o no_o other_o than_o the_o king_n be_v great_a council_n since_o he_o call_v what_o great_a man_n and_o bishop_n he_o please_v to_o it_o and_o omit_v the_o rest_n and_o it_o be_v never_o mention_v that_o they_o be_v make_v by_o their_o consent_n as_o necessary_a thereunto_o nay_o sometime_o we_o find_v that_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a king_n make_v law_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o their_o great_a council_n 171._o thus_o off●_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n be_v at_o rome_n out_o of_o his_o royal_a munificence_n give_v to_o the_o support_n of_o the_o people_n of_o his_o kingdom_n that_o shall_v come_v thither_o a_o penny_n to_o be_v pay_v yearly_o for_o ever_o out_o of_o every_o family_n by_o all_o who_o good_n in_o the_o field_n exceed_v the_o value_n of_o thirty_o penny_n and_o this_o he_o make_v a_o perpetual_a constitution_n throughout_o all_o his_o dominion_n except_v the_o land_n confer_v upon_o the_o monastery_n of_o st._n alban_n this_o imposition_n and_o law_n continue_v a_o long_a while_n in_o force_n though_o we_o find_v it_o not_o confirm_v by_o any_o great_a council_n in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o successor_n only_o in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edgar_n council_n and_o king_n edward_n it_o be_v enjoin_v to_o be_v pay_v as_o the_o king_n alm_n which_o imply_v it_o be_v the_o king_n gift_n and_o that_o sole_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o a_o great_a council_n but_o to_o give_v you_o a_o more_o particular_a proof_n of_o the_o supreme_a and_o absolute_a power_n of_o our_o saxon_a king_n dein_fw-ge as_o well_o during_o the_o heptarchy_n as_o afterward_o in_o make_v ad_fw-la establish_v law_n i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o first_o we_o have_v extant_a which_o be_v those_o of_o ina_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n who_o begin_v his_o reign_n anno._n 712._o in_o the_o preface_n to_o his_o law_n 1._o we_o find_v it_o thus_o express_a which_o i_o shall_v render_v out_o of_o the_o saxon_n copy_n publish_v by_o

soccage_n must_v needs_o have_v be_v so_o numerous_a that_o what_o room_n nay_o what_o field_n or_o place_n be_v able_a to_o contain_v so_o great_a a_o multitude_n or_o how_o can_v any_o business_n have_v be_v transact_v therein_o without_o the_o great_a confusion_n imaginable_a f._n so_o than_o you_o yourself_o must_v also_o grant_v that_o when_o all_o your_o great_a and_o less_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la appear_v in_o person_n parliament_n be_v much_o more_o numerous_a than_o they_o be_v now_o since_o according_a to_o the_o dr.'s_n catalogue_n out_o of_o dooms-day-book_n in_o his_o appendix_n to_o the_o english_a history_n vol._n 1_o of_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o serjeanty_n that_o hold_v all_o the_o land_n in_o every_o county_n of_o king_n william_n they_o do_v beside_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o baron_n altogether_o amount_v to_o about_o 700._o and_o these_o in_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o by_o forfeiture_n and_o new_a conveyance_n from_o the_o crown_n or_o by_o those_o other_o way_n you_o have_v now_o mention_v may_v be_v multiply_v into_o twice_o as_o many_o more_o and_o those_o also_o of_o sufficient_a estate_n to_o maintain_v the_o port_n of_o a_o member_n of_o parliament_n or_o knight_n since_o 15_o pound_n a_o year_n be_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n iii_o reckon_v as_o a_o knight_n fee_n and_o he_o that_o have_v it_o be_v liable_a to_o be_v knight_v and_o if_o so_o i_o pray_v according_a to_o your_o own_o hypothesis_n how_o can_v so_o great_a a_o assembly_n be_v manage_v as_o of_o about_o 3000_o or_o 4000_o person_n without_o strange_a confusion_n and_o disorder_n but_o upon_o our_o principle_n there_o will_v follow_v no_o more_o absurdity_n or_o inconvenience_n than_o in_o you_o for_o either_o these_o baron_n of_o county_n burgess_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o town_n and_o city_n be_v always_o represent_v by_o knight_n and_o citizen_n as_o they_o be_v now_o or_o else_o these_o baron_n of_o county_n appear_v for_o themselves_o be_v lord_n of_o manor_n or_o freeholder_n of_o good_a estate_n who_o be_v not_o so_o numerous_a or_o inconsiderable_a as_o you_o imagine_v the_o freehold_a land_n in_o england_n be_v in_o those_o day_n but_o in_o a_o few_o hand_n in_o comparison_n to_o what_o they_o be_v now_o and_o for_o this_o opinion_n i_o have_v sir_n h._n spelman_n of_o my_o side_n who_o in_o the_o place_n already_o quote_v under_o barones_n c●●itatus_fw-la express_o tell_v we_o hoc_fw-la nomine_fw-la contineri_fw-la videtur_fw-la antiquis_fw-la paginis_fw-la omnis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d ●eodalium_fw-la specier_fw-la in_fw-la uno_fw-la quovis_fw-la comitara_fw-mi degentium_fw-la proceres_fw-la nempè_fw-la &_o 〈◊〉_d domini_fw-la nèc_fw-la non_fw-la liberè_fw-la quique_fw-la tenentes_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la fundorum_fw-la proprietarii_fw-la anglicè_fw-la freeholder_n ut_fw-la superiù●_n dictum_fw-la est_fw-la normidum_fw-la autem_fw-la est_fw-la hoc_fw-la liberè_fw-la tenentes_fw-la nec_fw-la tam_fw-la ●iles_fw-la 〈◊〉_d fuisse_fw-la nèc_fw-la tam_fw-la vulgares_fw-la ut_fw-la hodiè_fw-la deprehonduntur_fw-la na_o villa_n &_o dominia_fw-la in_o 〈◊〉_d hareditates_fw-la non_fw-la dum_fw-la distrahebant_fw-la nobiles_fw-la sed_fw-la ut_fw-la vidimus_fw-la in_o hibernia_n penes_fw-la se_fw-la retinentes_fw-la agros_fw-la per_fw-la precarios_fw-la excolebant_fw-la &_o adscriptitio_n so_o that_o you_o see_v sir_n h._n spelman_n then_o believe_v that_o the_o manor_n and_o great_a freehold_n in_o england_n be_v not_o then_o parcele_v out_o into_o so_o many_o small_a share_n as_o you_o imagine_v and_o that_o such_o inferior_a baron_n whether_o they_o hold_v in_o ca●●●e_n or_o not_o arch._n be_v also_o call_v proceres_fw-la see_v the_o law_n of_o henry_n i._n chap._n 25._o the_o title_n whereof_o be_v de_fw-fr privilegits_n procerum_fw-la angliae_fw-la the_o law_n run_v thus_o si_fw-mi exurgat_fw-la placitum_fw-la inter_fw-la homines_fw-la allcusus_fw-la baronum_fw-la foenam_fw-la habentium_fw-la tract●tur_fw-la placitum_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la domini_fw-la svi_fw-la now_o that_o this_o socha_n be_v no_o more_o than_o soc._n in_o old_a saxon_a see_v spel._n gloss._n tit._n soc._n i._n e._n secta_fw-la de_fw-la hominibus_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la domini_fw-la secundum_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la so_o likewise_o in_o titulo_fw-la socha_n vel_fw-la dicitur_fw-la soc._n a_o saxon_a soc●_n i._o e_fw-la libertas_fw-la franchesia_n &_o vide_fw-la manerium_fw-la qd_n dicitur_fw-la etiam_fw-la soca_fw-la dictum_fw-la est_fw-la from_o all_o which_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o these_o lord_n of_o manor_n here_o call_v proceres_fw-la &_o barones_n have_v court_n baron_n which_o take_v their_o name_n from_o their_o lord_n though_o feudatory_a tenant_n or_o vava●ours_n but_o grant_v that_o about_o the_o end_n of_o king_n john_n or_o beginning_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o suppose_v that_o these_o lord_n of_o manor_n and_o great_a freeholder_n whether_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o other_o may_v amount_v in_o all_o to_o 5_o on_o 6000_o person_n i_o do_v not_o see_v why_o such_o a_o assembly_n may_v not_o be_v as_o orderly_a and_o well_o manage_v as_o one_o of_o 1000_o or_o 4000_o suppose_v your_o great_a baron_n and_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o have_v than_o make_v about_o that_o number_n especial_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o most_o business_n or_o act_n of_o any_o consequence_n and_o for_o which_o parliament_n be_v call_v may_v be_v prepare_v and_o draw_v up_o by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n before_o they_o meet_v so_o that_o take_v it_o which_o way_n you_o will_v few_o inconvenience_n and_o improbability_n attend_v my_o hypothesis_n than_o you_o m._n that_o the_o earl_n and_o great_a baron_n both_o spiritual_a and_o temporal_a together_o with_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la then_o make_v the_o body_n of_o the_o baronage_n of_o england_n i_o have_v very_o good_a authority_n on_o my_o side_n but_o that_o any_o feudatory_a baron_n or_o tenant_n of_o a_o lesser_a degree_n ever_o have_v any_o place_n or_o vote_n in_o those_o assembly_n i_o think_v you_o can_v give_v i_o no_o sufficient_a authority_n for_o it_o it_o be_v true_a mr._n p._n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o right_n of_o the_o commons_o assert_v 110._o give_v we_o two_o modern_a quotation_n the_o one_o out_o of_o mr._n c●●den's_n britannia_n the_o other_o out_o of_o mr._n selden_n to_o prove_v it_o as_o for_o the_o former_a it_o be_v in_o the_o introduction_n to_o the_o britannia_n first_o publish_v in_o quarto_n the_o word_n be_v these_o verum_fw-la baro_n ex_fw-la illis_fw-la non_fw-la imbus_fw-la videatur_fw-la qua_fw-la tempus_fw-la paulatim_fw-la moliara_fw-it &_o molliora_fw-la reddidit_fw-la nam_fw-la longo_fw-la post_fw-la tempore_fw-la non_fw-la milites_fw-la sed_fw-la qui_fw-la liberi_fw-la erant_fw-la domini_fw-la 16._o &_o thani_fw-la saxombus_fw-la dicebantur_fw-la barones_n vocari_fw-la caperunt_fw-la nec_fw-la dum_fw-la magni_fw-la honoris_fw-la erat_fw-la paulo_fw-la autem_fw-la postea_fw-la mean_v after_o the_o norman_n entrance_n eo_fw-la honoris_fw-la pervenit_fw-la ut_fw-la nomine_fw-la baronagii_fw-la angliae_fw-la omnes_fw-la q●●dammodo_fw-la regni_fw-la ordines_fw-la continerentur_fw-la but_o he_o do_v not_o tell_v we_o that_o this_o learned_a author_n in_o his_o last_o edition_n of_o this_o work_n in_o folio_n be_v sensible_a of_o his_o mistake_n have_v add_v the_o word_n superiores_fw-la before_o ordines_fw-la whereby_o it_o be_v plain_a he_o now_o restrain_v it_o only_o to_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o they_o be_v now_o understand_v mr._n p'_v other_o quotation_n be_v out_o of_o mr._n selden_n note_n upon_o rancorous_a 168._o where_o comment_v on_o the_o word_n barones_n he_o say_v vocabulum_fw-la nempe_fw-la alio_fw-la notione_fw-la usurpari_fw-la quam_fw-la vulgo_fw-la neque_fw-la eos_fw-la duntaxat_fw-la ut_fw-la hodie_fw-la significare_fw-la quibus_fw-la peculiaris_fw-la ordinum_fw-la comitiis_fw-la locus_fw-la est_fw-la but_o then_o conceal_v this_o that_o follow_v which_o make_v direct_o against_o he_o sed_fw-la universos_fw-la qui_fw-la regiae_n munificentiae_fw-la ad_fw-la formulam_fw-la juris_fw-la nostre_fw-fr clientelaris_fw-la quod_fw-la nullius_fw-la villae_fw-la regiae_n glebam_fw-la sed_fw-la ipsum_fw-la tantum_fw-la modo_fw-la regem_fw-la spectat_fw-la tenure_n en_fw-fr chief_n phrasi_fw-la forensi_fw-la dicimus_fw-la sive_fw-la tenura_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la lati_fw-la fundi●_fw-la pessidebant_fw-la whereby_o you_o may_v see_v that_o he_o express_o restrain_v this_o word_n barones_n to_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o though_o your_o author_n take_v no_o notice_n of_o it_o nor_o indeed_o in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n do_v mr._n selden_n give_v we_o any_o other_o description_n of_o a_o baron_n v._n i_o mean_v such_o who_o have_v a_o vote_n in_o parliament_n but_o such_o in_o the_o sense_n that_o be_v take_v in_o henry_n i._o his_o charter_n as_o it_o be_v recite_v in_o matt._n paris_n siquis_fw-la baronum_fw-la meorum_fw-la comitum_fw-la vel_fw-la aliorm_n qui_fw-fr de_fw-fr i_o tenent_fw-la mortuus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la i._n e._n one_o who_o be_v either_o one_o of_o the_o earl_n or_o great_a baron_n or_o otherwise_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la f._n mr._n p._n be_v not_o at_o all_o to_o be_v blame_v as_o you_o make_v he_o

refer_v but_o to_o this_o very_a letter_n which_o be_v assent_v as_o well_o per_fw-la procuratores_fw-la communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la as_o by_o your_o baron_n here_o call_v nobiles_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o this_o application_n thereof_o be_v give_v by_o mr_n pryn_n himself_o when_o he_o make_v use_v of_o these_o record_n but_o to_o let_v you_o see_v far_o that_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o for_o all_o this_o author_n opinion_n to_o the_o contrary_a 119._o may_v join_v in_o a_o letter_n ro_o the_o pope_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o that_o which_o be_v write_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o whole_a parliament_n to_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o 17_o the_o of_o edw._n iii_o about_o the_o provision_n of_o benefice_n which_o then_o grow_v so_o exorbitant_a that_o walsingham_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o history_n quod_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la regni_fw-la pati_fw-la noluit_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o phrase_n the_o letter_n itself_o will_v best_o explain_v 161._o the_o beginning_n and_o conclusion_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o in_o english_a as_o you_o may_v find_v it_o in_o mr._n fox_n book_n of_o martyr_n to_o the_o most_o holy_a father_n in_o god_n lord_n clement_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n of_o the_o holy_a church_n of_o rome_n 501._o and_o of_o the_o universal_a church_n chief_a and_o high-bishop_n his_o humble_a and_o devout_a child_n the_o prince_n duke_n earls_z baron_n knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o all_o the_o communality_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n assemble_v at_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o westminster_n the_o 15_o the_o day_n of_o may_n last_o pass_v etc._n etc._n in_o witness_v whereof_o we_o have_v hereunto_o set_v our_o 〈◊〉_d give_v in_o the_o full_a parliament_n at_o westminst_n on_o the_o 18_o day_n of_o may_n anno_fw-la dr●_n 1343._o and_o it_o still_o appear_v by_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o this_o year_n viz._n 17_o edw._n iii_o n._n 59_o that_o the_o commons_o petition_v the_o king_n that_o the_o lord_n may_v stay_v at_o the_o parliament_n till_o they_o have_v perfect_v and_o seal_v this_o letter_n and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o letter_n then_o write_v by_o the_o parliament_n 3._o appear_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n to_o the_o pope_n about_o the_o same_o matter_n still_o among_o the_o tower_n record_n in_o which_o he_o imitate_v his_o grandfather_n edw._n i._n and_o great_a grandfather_n hen._n iii_o who_o also_o se●_n letter_n to_o the_o pope_n on_o such_o like_a occasion_n but_o in_o those_o to_o excuse_v the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n from_o be_v the_o author_n of_o those_o complain_v he_o have_v this_o passage_n that_o since_o it_o be_v the_o judgement_n tam_fw-la procerum_fw-la &_o nobilium_fw-la qua●_n communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o ultimo_fw-la parliamento_fw-la contra_fw-la provisorum_fw-la exercitum_fw-la to_o conclude_v i_o think_v nothing_o be_v plain_a than_o that_o under_o the_o universitas_fw-la reg●●_n in_o the_o first_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n 29_o hen._n iii_o and_o under_o the_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la mention_v in_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o 29_o edw._n i._o be_v mean_v the_o same_o estate_n or_o order_n of_o man_n as_o be_v more_o particular_o recite_v in_o this_o present_a letter_n viz._n the_o 〈◊〉_d lord_n and_o commons_o in_o parliament_n assemble_v m._n i_o must_v free_o tell_v you_o i_o be_o not_o yet_o satisfy_v with_o the_o sense_n you_o now_o put_v ●pon_o these_o word_n universitas_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la before_o the_o commons_o be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n for_o you_o yourself_o must_v grant_v that_o as_o the_o word_n universitas_fw-la regni_fw-la take_v in_o the_o whole_a representative_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o likewise_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o same_o whole_a body_n or_o community_n thereof_o therefore_o if_o i_o prove_v to_o you_o that_o in_o those_o time_n this_o univers●●y_n or_o community_n consist_v only_o of_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o word_n communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la ought_v never_o to_o be_v interpret_v by_o the_o english_a word_n commonalty_n or_o commons_o of_o england_n till_o after_o the_o time_n that_o i_o allow_v the_o commons_o be_v admit_v to_o make_v a_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n nor_o always_o then_o neither_o and_o mr._n p._n in_o his_o book_n which_o we_o have_v so_o often_o cite_v have_v do_v very_o unfair_o to_o make_v the_o universitas_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la to_o comprehend_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n before_o they_o everappear_v in_o parliament_n at_o all_o and_o so_o have_v he_o likewise_o abuse_v the_o word_n populus_fw-la as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v to_o signify_v the_o commons_o when_o indeed_o there_o be_v no_o more_o thereby_o mean_v than_o the_o whole_a assembly_n of_o the_o laity_n which_o at_o that_o time_n consist_v of_o no_o more_o than_o the_o earl_n baron_n or_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la 28._o and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o by_o communitas_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la or_o baronum_n be_v often_o understand_v the_o body_n of_o the_o prelate_n or_o great_a baron_n only_o call_v by_o way_n of_o eminency_n proceres_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la yet_o most_o frequent_o these_o with_o all_o the_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v make_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o king_n be_v immediate_a tenant_n in_o military_a service_n and_o be_v altogether_o call_v the_o baronage_n of_o england_n the_o community_n of_o the_o land_n or_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o for_o this_o i_o think_v i_o shall_v give_v you_o undeniable_a proof_n by_o and_o by_o f._n i_o be_o very_a well_o aware_a that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la often_o signify_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o laity_n yet_o not_o exclude_v the_o commons_o as_o i_o have_v already_o sufficient_o prove_v for_o then_o the_o word_n must_v signify_v quite_o contrary_a to_o its_o genuine_a signification_n instead_o of_o people_n the_o great_a nobility_n only_o yet_o that_o when_o it_o be_v put_v after_o as_o distinct_a from_o magnate_n it_o must_v mean_v the_o commons_o as_o now_o understand_v i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o but_o that_o this_o word_n populus_fw-la do_v not_o always_o signify_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o nobility_n only_o 55._o but_o take_v in_o oftentimes_o the_o commons_o too_o pray_v see_v matt._n west_n who_o tell_v we_o king_n edw._n i._o in_o the_o 34th_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n make_v his_o son_n a_o knight_n pro_fw-la hac_fw-la melitia_fw-la silii_fw-la regis_fw-la concessus_fw-la est_fw-la regi_fw-la zomus_fw-la denarius_fw-la a_o populo_fw-la &_o clero_fw-la mercatores_fw-la vero_fw-la vices●mum_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la upon_o which_o your_o dr._n in_o his_o glossary_a very_a well_o remark_n that_o it_o be_v evident_a upon_o record_n who_o be_v the_o populus_fw-la mean_v by_o the_o historian_n viz._n the_o comites_fw-la barones_n &_o alii_fw-la magnates_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la milites_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la so_o that_o unless_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v lord_n it_o be_v plain_a populus_fw-la take_v in_o the_o common●_n too_o but_o universitas_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la call_v in_o french_a le_fw-fr commun●_n dangletterre_fw-fr be_v often_o take_v for_o the_o whole_a community_n or_o body_n of_o the_o whole_a parliament_n and_o this_o sir_n edward_n coke_n own_v express_o in_o his_o 2d_o instit._n upon_o these_o word_n in_o articulis_fw-la sup●●_n chartas_n 539._o thus_o here_o le_fw-fr commune_fw-la be_v take_v for_o people_n so_o astout_a le_fw-fr commune_fw-la be_v here_o take_v for_o all_o the_o people_n and_o this_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n for_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v not_o grant_v to_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n but_o general_o to_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o realm_n viz._n to_o those_o of_o th●_n clergy_n and_o to_o those_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o to_o the_o commons_o also_o and_o this_o be_v a_o rational_a as_o well_o as_o grammatical_a interpretation_n for_o as_o the_o word_n universitas_fw-la be_v derive_v from_o the_o adjective_n universus_fw-la which_o signify_v the_o whole_a 〈◊〉_d universal_a so_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la be_v derive_v from_o the_o adjective_n 〈◊〉_d common_a or_o general_n so_o that_o these_o two_o word_n when_o use_v simple_o in_o a_o political_a 〈◊〉_d legal_a sense_n aught_o to_o take_v in_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o all_o sort_n and_o condition_n of_o freemen_n appear_v themselves_o or_o their_o lawful_a proxy_n or_o representative_n in_o parliament_n but_o i_o have_v already_o sufficient_o prove_v that_o under_o those_o general_n word_n use_v in_o our_o historian_n and_o record_n viz._n principes_fw-la proceres_fw-la nobiles_fw-la magnates_fw-la barones_n &_o alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la be_v then_o comprehend_v either_o all_o the_o considerable_a freeholder_n o●_n lord_n of_o manner_n or_o else_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n so_o

welcome_a sir_n but_o i_o do_v not_o expect_v to_o see_v you_o again_o so_o soon_o m._n i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o come_v unreasonable_o but_o the_o truth_n be_v i_o have_v so_o great_a a_o desire_n to_o conclude_v what_o we_o begin_v upon_o that_o important_a subject_n we_o last_o discourse_v of_o that_o i_o can_v not_o be_v at_o ease_n till_o i_o have_v do_v my_o endeavour_n to_o give_v you_o satisfaction_n therein_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o matter_n that_o we_o now_o meet_v about_o i_o must_v now_o tell_v you_o again_o that_o though_o this_o your_o gloss_n upon_o king_n john_n charter_n seem_v plausible_a at_o first_o sight_n nay_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o dr_n own_o way_n of_o divide_v and_o read_v the_o several_a article_n of_o this_o charter_n yet_o upon_o better_a consideration_n i_o can_v see_v no_o good_a reason_n for_o make_v a_o full_a or_o at_o least_o a_o half_a stop_n in_o the_o 16_o the_o article_n after_o these_o word_n omnes_fw-la liberas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la add_v the_o rest_n that_o follow_v &_o ad_fw-la habendum_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la etc._n etc._n to_o the_o follow_a clause_n &_o de_fw-fr seutagiis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la etc._n etc._n much_o lest_o for_o suppose_v as_o you_o do_v without_o any_o ground_n that_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o common_a council_n one_o for_o assess_v escuage_z and_o the_o other_o for_o grant_v all_o other_o aid_n and_o tax_n and_o then_o if_o read_v otherwise_o it_o will_v plain_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o do_v then_o both_o grant_v aid_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o assess_v escuage_z ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la which_o i_o be_o the_o more_o incline_v to_o believe_v from_o the_o fourteen_o clause_n here_o cite_v which_o say_v that_o no_o scutage_n or_o aid_n shall_v be_v impose_v unless_o by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n now_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v this_o so-expressed_a if_o there_o be_v to_o be_v one_o council_n for_o the_o grant_n of_o aid_n and_o another_o for_o the_o assess_n of_o escuage_z so_o that_o if_o this_o common_a council_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v grant_v aid_n and_o assess_v escuage_z upon_o the_o subject_n unless_o in_o the_o case_n before_o except_v i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v the_o only_a council_n for_o the_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o law_n also_o and_o consequent_o of_o conclude_v not_o only_a their_o own_o tenant_n but_o the_o king_n tenant_n in_o petty_a sergeanty_n and_o socage_n nay_o the_o tenant_n of_o any_o other_o person_n whatsoever_o and_o though_o i_o have_v serious_o consider_v mr._n p_n appendix_n to_o the_o right_n of_o the_o commons_o assert_v and_o dr._n b_n answer_n to_o it_o as_o also_o his_o animadversion_n upon_o jani_fw-la anglorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n yet_o can_v i_o not_o see_v any_o colour_n of_o a_o argument_n for_o make_v any_o distinction_n between_o the_o king_n be_v curia_n of_o his_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o the_o great_a or_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o they_o be_v then_o all_o one_o and_o the_o same_o it_o will_v be_v tedious_a to_o i_o as_o well_o as_o you_o to_o run_v over_o all_o the_o particular_a authority_n and_o example_n which_o have_v be_v urge_v pro_fw-la and_o con_v in_o this_o question_n but_o i_o desire_v you_o or_o your_o friend_n mr._n p._n to_o show_v i_o that_o there_o be_v any_o bishop_n earls_z baron_n or_o other_o member_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n we_o now_o treat_v of_o that_o have_v any_o place_n or_o vote_n therein_o but_o according_a to_o their_o tenure_n and_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o all_o feudal_n tenant_n who_o by_o the_o german_n gothic_n and_o lombard_n feudal_n law_n which_o in_o substance_n be_v the_o same_o with_o we_o be_v always_o summon_v to_o the_o court_n of_o the_o king_n their_o supreme_a lord_n but_o far_a to_o prove_v that_o this_o council_n for_o assess_v escuage_z be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o those_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la appear_v from_o li●tleton's_n tenor_n where_o in_o his_o second_o book_n sect._n 97._o he_o tell_v we_o that_o after_o a_o expedition_n royal_a into_o scotland_n escuage_z shall_v be_v assess_v in_o parliament_n upon_o all_o those_o who_o fail_v to_o do_v their_o service_n in_o that_o expedition_n so_o that_o if_o the_o parliament_n do_v then_o assess_v escuage_z i_o desire_v to_o know_v why_o they_o may_v not_o do_v it_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n i●_n this_o great_a council_n of_o the_o arch_a bishop_n bishop_n great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n in_o those_o time_n yet_o that_o escuage_z be_v not_o always_o assess_v in_o parliament_n after_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n but_o that_o the_o king_n by_o his_o own_o prerogative_n do_v often_o grant_v his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la a_o power_n to_o take_v scutage_n of_o their_o tenant_n without_o any_o assent_n in_o parliament_n 117._o the_o dr._n have_v give_v you_o above_o a_o dozen_o example_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o hen._n iii_o and_o king_n john_n thus_o it_o be_v for_o aid_n and_o scutage_n service_n but_o if_o it_o be_v for_o scutage_n impose_v in_o parliament_n as_o a_o tax_n upon_o land_n by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n than_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o only_o the_o sole_a grantor_n but_o the_o collector_n of_o that_o scutage_n too_o from_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n and_o the_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n be_v different_a from_o these_o in_o scutage_n service_n 121._o though_o the_o same_o in_o substance_n as_o likewise_o appear_v by_o those_o record_v the_o dr._n have_v there_o give_v we_o f._n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o i_o shall_v make_v good_a my_o assertion_n and_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o defend_v what_o mr._n p._n have_v in_o his_o learned_a treatise_n assert_v concern_v this_o matter_n in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o must_v stick_v to_o that_o way_n of_o read_v and_o point_v of_o this_o clause_n in_o dispute_n since_o it_o be_v not_o only_o agreeable_a to_o the_o dr_n manuscript_n copy_n but_o also_o to_o the_o old_a french_a copy_n publish_v by_o father_n d'achery_n in_o his_o spicilegium_fw-la vol._n 13._o which_o be_v write_v in_o the_o french_a of_o tha●_n time_n but_o to_o answer_v your_o objection_n against_o this_o interpretation_n you_o yourself_o have_v in_o great_a part_n help_v i_o to_o do_v it_o by_o that_o true_a distinction_n you_o have_v now_o make_v between_o a_o scutage_n as_o a_o aid_n or_o tax_n and_o as_o a_o service_n the_o latter_a of_o which_o you_o assert_v may_v be_v grant_v to_o the_o king_n to_o be_v raise_v by_o his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la upon_o their_o under-tenant_n whereas_o the_o former_a be_v only_o grantable_a in_o parliament_n by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n which_o tax_n i_o affirm_v be_v always_o grant_v to_o the_o king_n and_o impose_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n only_o and_o not_o by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o before_o the_o expedition_n be_v undertake_v whereas_o scutage_n service_n consider_v as_o a_o payment_n of_o so_o much_o money_n be_v never_o due_a or_o payable_a till_o the_o expedition_n be_v end_v and_o then_o only_o upon_o such_o as_o have_v fail_v to_o serve_v in_o person_n or_o by_o sufficient_a deputy_n and_o be_v then_o to_o be_v assess_v by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o and_o though_o i_o grant_v it_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v be_v a_o prerogative_n as_o you_o call_v it_o exercise_v by_o some_o of_o our_o king_n sometime_o to_o grant_v his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la a_o licence_n to_o take_v scutage_n of_o their_o tenant_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o such_o payment_n or_o assessment_n be_v either_o according_a to_o law_n 117._o and_o the_o express_a grant_n of_o this_o charter_n itself_o as_o be_v that_o writ_n of_o king_n john_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o glocestershire_n for_o the_o assess_n of_o a_o aid_n or_o scutage_n service_n of_o three_o mark_n on_o each_o scute_n upon_o the_o tenant_n of_o saber_n earl_n of_o winchester_n for_o make_v his_o elder_a son_n a_o knight_n and_o which_o the_o say_a earl_n may_v have_v claim_v of_o his_o tenant_n by_o the_o common_a law_n as_o also_o by_o the_o 20_o the_o article_n of_o that_o charter_n but_o for_o scutage_n tax_n littleton_n tell_v we_o lib._n 2._o sect._n 101._o that_o because_o such_o tenement_n come_v at_o first_o from_o the_o lord_n it_o be_v reason_n they_o shall_v have_v escuage_z of_o their_o tenant_n and_o the_o lord_n in_o such_o case_n may_v

why_o the_o commons_o can_v not_o be_v represent_v in_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o and_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n m._n i_o will_v proceed_v to_o do_v it_o and_o for_o this_o end_n shall_v reduce_v my_o argument_n to_o these_o three_o head_n the_o first_o be_v some_o writ_n find_v out_o and_o produce_v by_o the_o doctor_n whereby_o he_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v not_o summon_v during_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o till_o the_o 49th_o second_o the_o general_a silence_n of_o all_o statute_n in_o h●n_n iii_o reign_n wherein_o be_v not_o one_o word_n mention_v of_o the_o commons_o but_o rather_o to_o the_o contrary_a three_o the_o critical_a time_n viz._n in_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o when_o the_o commons_o be_v first_o call_v during_o monsfords_n rebellion_n four_a their_o discontinuance_n from_o that_o time_n till_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v of_o they_o in_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o nor_o yet_o of_o ed._n i._n till_o the_o 18_o in_o which_o the_o doctor_n show_v you_o a_o writ_n not_o take_v notice_n of_o before_o by_o which_o the_o commons_o be_v summon_v a_o new_a to_o parliament_n last_o from_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n whether_o for_o one_o knight_n or_o two_o knight_n and_o sometime_o no_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n at_o all_o which_o sufficient_o prove_v the_o novelty_n of_o the_o institution_n as_o also_o of_o some_o parliamentary_a form_n relate_v to_o the_o commons_o which_o show_v that_o neither_o their_o number_n nor_o manner_n of_o election_n be_v settle_v long_o after_o the_o reign_n of_o edw._n i._n to_o begin_v therefore_o with_o the_o first_o head_n i_o know_v the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n make_v a_o great_a noise_n about_o the_o loss_n or_o rather_o defect_n of_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n and_o parliament_n roll_v of_o all_o the_o king_n till_o the_o 23d_o or_o 25_o of_o edw._n i._n so_o that_o we_o can_v be_v so_o well_o assure_v what_o be_v do_v in_o parliament_n of_o those_o time_n as_o we_o may_v be_v afterward_o yet_o there_o be_v still_o some_o writ_n of_o summons_n extant_a upon_o the_o close_a roll_n before_o and_o in_o those_o time_n dein_fw-ge by_o which_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n or_o great_a council_n and_o we_o have_v all_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n iii_o on_o the_o dorse●_n of_o which_o ancient_o most_o of_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o commons_o in_o other_o king_n reign_n be_v enter_v few_o on_o the_o patent_n roll_n which_o we_o have_v likewise_o it_o be_v therefore_o very_o strange_a if_o the_o commons_o be_v then_o represent_v by_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o summon_v to_o parliament_n as_o at_o this_o day_n that_o there_o can_v be_v find_v any_o summons_n to_o they_o upon_o these_o roll_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o lord_n but_o the_o learned_a doctor_n have_v for_o our_o satisfaction_n find_v out_o three_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o lord_n one_o in_o king_n john_n reign_n and_o two_o other_o of_o hen_n iii_o the_o first_o be_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n 6_o of_o king_n john_n direct_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o salisbury_n dor_n which_o be_v needless_a here_o to_o be_v repeat_v verbatim_o only_o pray_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o material_a word_n of_o this_o writ_n where_o after_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o summon_v particular_o express_v it_o conclude_v thus_o expedit_fw-la habere_fw-la vestrum_fw-la consilium_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la magnatum_fw-la terrae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la quos_fw-la ad_fw-la diem_fw-la ilium_fw-la &_o locum_fw-la fecimus_fw-la convocari_fw-la dor_n the_o second_o be_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o the_o 26_o hen._n iii_o direct_v to_o w._n archbishop_n of_o york_n wherein_o he_o be_v likewise_o summon_v ad_fw-la tractandum_fw-la nobiscum_fw-la una_fw-la cum_fw-la caeteris_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la quos_fw-la similiter_fw-la fecimus_fw-la convoca●i_fw-la de_fw-la arduis_fw-la negotiis_fw-la nostris_fw-la statum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la &_o totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la specialiter_fw-la tangentibus_fw-la with_o this_o note_n underneath_o eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la scribitur_fw-la omnibus_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la the_o three_o be_v of_o the_o 38th_o of_o the_o same_o king_n direct_v to_o boniface_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n 93._o whereby_o he_o be_v summon_v to_o be_v at_o westminster_n within_o fifteen_o day_n after_o hillary_n next_o come_v before_o the_o queen_n and_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwail_v about_o the_o affair_n of_o gascony_n and_o this_o very_a council_n mat._n paris_n anno._n dom._n 1254._o call_v a_o parliament_n to_o which_o all_o the_o magnate_v or_o great_a man_n of_o england_n come_v together_o the_o day_n of_o which_o meeting_n he_o make_v to_o have_v be_v the_o 6_o of_o the_o calends_o of_o february_n be_v st._n iulian_n day_n and_o which_o fall_v one_o within_o fifteen_o day_n after_o st._n hillary_n day_n which_o be_v that_o appoint_v for_o the_o meeting_n of_o this_o parliament_n by_o the_o aforesaid_a writ_n of_o summons_n and_o who_o be_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o this_o parliament_n may_v be_v be_v far_o make_v out_o by_o a_o letter_n of_o the_o queen_n and_o earl_n richard_n to_o the_o king_n then_o in_o gascony_n 50._o which_o be_v recite_v by_o mat._n paris_n in_o his_o additament_n in_o these_o word_n domino_fw-la regi_fw-la angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n regina_fw-la &_o richardus_fw-la comes_fw-la cornubiae_fw-la salutem_fw-la recipimus_fw-la literas_fw-la vestras_fw-la ad_fw-la natale_n domini_fw-la proximae_fw-la praeteritum_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o crastino_n sancti_fw-la hillarii_n convocaremus_fw-la archiepiscopos_fw-la episcopos_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la ad_fw-la ostendendum_fw-la etc._n etc._n whereby_o it_o appear_v who_o be_v then_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o member_n of_o our_o english_a parliament_n viz._n the_o archbishop_n bishop_n etc._n etc._n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o universal_a silence_n concern_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o our_o parliament_n as_o you_o and_o those_o of_o your_o party_n suppose_v from_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o those_o time_n most_o of_o which_o though_o i_o confess_v be_v lose_v yet_o there_o be_v enough_o leave_v to_o satisfy_v any_o reasonable_a person_n that_o there_o be_v then_o no_o commons_o in_o parliament_n in_o the_o sense_n they_o be_v now_o take_v f._n you_o can_v give_v i_o a_o better_a demonstration_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o parliament_n roll_n and_o writ_n of_o summons_n than_o what_o you_o now_o offer_v for_o if_o we_o have_v all_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n iii_o on_o the_o dorse_n of_o which_o you_o tell_v i_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n use_v to_o be_v enter_v then_o certain_o those_o to_o the_o lord_n be_v there_o enter_v also_o and_o if_o so_o how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o in_o above_o eighty_o year_n time_n in_o which_o there_o must_v be_v above_o eighty_o parliament_n you_o can_v show_v i_o but_o three_o writ_n of_o summons_n and_o those_o only_a to_o as_o many_o bishop_n and_o to_o no_o temporal_a lord_n at_o all_o if_o so_o be_v these_o be_v parliament_n and_o not_o great_a council_n of_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o as_o i_o rather_o believe_v they_o be_v for_o you_o rely_v too_o much_o upon_o you_o doctor_n credit_n when_o you_o allege_v that_o we_o have_v all_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n iii_o which_o be_v a_o great_a mistake_n for_o i_o have_v have_v a_o friend_n who_o have_v give_v i_o a_o note_n of_o what_o close_a roll_n be_v still_o extant_a in_o those_o reign_v and_o what_o be_v lose_v which_o you_o may_v here_o see_v to_o begin_v with_o king_n john_n pray_v observe_v that_o all_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o the_o first_o five_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n be_v go_v and_o so_o they_o be_v in_o the_o 9th_o 10_o 11_o 12_o and_o 13_o for_o certain_o there_o be_v some_o in_o those_o as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o succeed_a year_n in_o the_o next_o place_n till_o the_o 18_o there_o be_v but_o one_o roll_n leave_v of_o each_o year_n but_o then_o there_o be_v three_o and_o after_o that_o but_o one_o or_o two_o in_o a_o year_n to_o the_o very_a end_n now_o pray_v tell_v i_o how_o we_o can_v be_v assure_v that_o there_o be_v not_o more_o than_o one_o roll_n in_o every_o precedent_a year_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o 15_o the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v for_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o which_o though_o i_o grant_v be_v more_o entire_a than_o those_o of_o king_n john_n there_o be_v some_o leave_v we_o of_o every_o year_n but_o the_o 23d_o yet_o they_o be_v but_o

to_o the_o pope_n 8._o but_o anno_fw-la 40_o edw._n iii_o when_o the_o pope_n demand_v the_o arrear_n of_o this_o tribute_n from_o the_o king_n the_o prelate_n duke_n count_z baron_n and_o commons_o upon_o their_o full_a deliberation_n in_o parliament_n resolve_v with_o one_o accord_n that_o neither_o the_o king_n nor_o any_o other_o can_v put_v the_o realm_n nor_o people_n thereof_o into_o such_o subjection_n sanz_fw-fr assent_n de_fw-fr eux_fw-fr without_o their_o assent_n viz._n as_o well_o of_o the_o commons_o as_o of_o the_o lord_n and_o that_o it_o appear_v by_o many_o evidence_n that_o if_o he_o have_v so_o do_v it_o be_v do_v sanz_v lour_v assent_n and_o contrary_a to_o his_o coronation_n oath_n etc._n etc._n now_o what_o can_v be_v more_o plain_a than_o that_o above_o three_o hundred_o year_n ago_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o dispute_n that_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n of_o which_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v then_o undoubted_o a_o part_n ought_v to_o have_v be_v present_a in_o the_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o parliament_n of_o king_n john_n reign_n and_o to_o have_v assent_v to_o that_o king_n resignation_n to_o make_v it_o legal_a and_o valid_a as_o well_o as_o the_o prelate_n earl_n and_o baron_n m._n as_o for_o this_o argument_n i_o need_v trouble_v myself_o no_o further_o than_o to_o give_v you_o the_o dr_n answer_v in_o his_o own_o word_n 70._o viz._n all_o that_o the_o resolution_n of_o this_o parliament_n in_o this_o case_n prove_v be_v that_o king_n john_n can_v not_o subject_v himself_o his_o realm_n or_o people_n without_o their_o assent_n but_o prove_v not_o who_o they_o be_v that_o in_o such_o case_n at_o that_o time_n give_v or_o deny_v their_o assent_n or_o how_o they_o do_v it_o or_o whether_o 153_o year_n before_o this_o resolution_n the_o commons_o be_v represent_v by_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burges●es_v as_o at_o this_o day_n the_o prelate_n and_o baron_n give_v their_o answer_n first_o that_o such_o a_o subjection_n can_v not_o be_v make_v without_o their_o assent_n and_o then_o the_o commons_o be_v ask_v what_o their_o thought_n be_v and_o they_o answer_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o in_o the_o same_o word_n the_o baron_n have_v do_v and_o when_o they_o answer_v altogether_o they_o do_v it_o in_o the_o same_o form_n of_o speech_n conceive_v first_o by_o the_o baron_n without_o any_o consideration_n whether_o the_o commons_o be_v the_o same_o body_n of_o man_n at_o the_o time_n of_o execute_v the_o charter_n of_o king_n johns_n subjection_n etc._n etc._n as_o at_o that_o present_a or_o no._n f._n i_o must_v free_o tell_v you_o i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o satisfy_v with_o this_o reply_n of_o the_o drs._n for_o if_o there_o be_v no_o heed_n to_o be_v take_v of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o answer_v to_o the_o pope_n give_v in_o so_o solemn_a a_o manner_n as_o this_o be_v there_o be_v no_o credit_n to_o be_v give_v to_o any_o thing_n they_o can_v say_v if_o they_o be_v once_o suppose_v to_o speak_v like_o parrot_n by_o roat_n and_o only_o as_o they_o be_v teach_v by_o the_o lord_n without_o any_o consideration_n of_o the_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n of_o what_o they_o aver_v and_o though_o the_o first_o proposal_n of_o this_o matter_n be_v by_o the_o king_n to_o the_o lord_n yet_o the_o pope_n then_o threaten_v to_o excommunicate_v the_o king_n and_o put_v the_o whole_a realm_n under_o a_o interdict_v it_o be_v certain_o the_o interest_n as_o well_o of_o the_o commons_o as_o the_o lord_n to_o avoid_v the_o blow_n by_o a_o wary_a and_o true_a answer_n to_o the_o pope_n demand_n for_o have_v their_o answer_n be_v so_o idle_a and_o frivolous_a as_o you_o will_v make_v it_o it_o have_v be_v advantage_n enough_o for_o the_o pope_n to_o have_v return_v in_o answer_n to_o this_o letter_n have_v what_o the_o dr._n allege_v be_v true_a that_o the_o upstart_n house_n of_o commons_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v to_o meddle_v or_o treat_v of_o any_o such_o matter_n since_o they_o be_v none_o of_o the_o party_n to_o the_o agreement_n nor_o one_o of_o the_o estate_n at_o that_o time_n when_o king_n john_n resign_v his_o crown_n and_o make_v himself_o and_o kingdom_n tributary_n to_o his_o holiness_n predecessor_n nor_o be_v the_o space_n of_o a_o hundred_o fifty_o three_o year_n from_o the_o time_n of_o king_n john_n to_o the_o 40th_o of_o edward_n the_o 3d_o so_o far_o beyond_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n as_o that_o so_o memorable_a a_o transaction_n can_v not_o be_v well_o know_v to_o the_o pope_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o then_o in_o be_v since_o the_o make_v they_o a_o 3d_o estate_n fall_v out_o but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o all_o their_o grandfather_n at_o far_a so_o that_o it_o be_v scarce_o possible_a that_o the_o memory_n of_o so_o remarkable_a a_o transaction_n of_o which_o the_o whole_a world_n than_o ring_v shall_v be_v lose_v in_o two_o or_o three_o generation_n but_o i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o show_v you_o that_o as_o it_o be_v the_o express_a judgement_n both_o of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o that_o king_n john_n can_v not_o make_v the_o kingdom_n tributary_n to_o the_o pope_n without_o their_o consent_n in_o parliament_n so_o be_v it_o the_o judgement_n also_o of_o the_o whole_a house_n of_o commons_o in_o the_o 2d_o of_o henry_n the_o 5_o 39_o and_o admit_v by_o that_o noble_a prince_n and_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n that_o they_o have_v ever_o be_v a_o member_n of_o parliament_n and_o that_o no_o statute_n or_o law_n can_v be_v make_v without_o their_o assent_n as_o appear_v by_o a_o petition_n or_o protestation_n present_v by_o the_o say_a commons_o to_o the_o king_n in_o parliament_n a_o copy_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v now_o read_v to_o you_o as_o far_o as_o it_o concern_v the_o matter_n in_o question_n our_o sovereign_a lord_n your_o humble_a and_o true_a liege_n 22._o that_o be_v come_v for_o the_o comune_a of_o your_o lond_n bysechin_n unto_o your_o riht_a twissness_n that_o so_o as_o hit_v have_v ever_o be_v their_o liberty_n and_o freedom_n that_o there_o shall_v no_o statute_n no_o law_n be_v make_v of_o less_o than_o they_o yaf_v thereto_o their_o assent_n consider_v that_o the_o comune_a of_o your_o lond_n the_o which_o that_o be_v and_o ever_o have_v be_v a_o member_n of_o your_o parliament_n be_v as_o well_o aslentir_v as_o petitioner_n that_o fro_o this_o time_n forward_o by_o compleint_a of_o the_o comune_a of_o eny_z mischief_n ask_v remedy_n by_o mouth_n of_o their_o speaker_n for_o the_o commons_o other_z else_o by_o petition_n write_v that_o there_o never_o be_v no_o law_n make_v thereupon_o and_o ingress_v as_o statute_n and_o law_n neither_o by_o addition_n neither_o by_o di●●inutions_n by_o no_o manner_n of_o term_n ●e_v term_n the_o which_o that_o shall_v change_v the_o sentence_n and_o the_o intent_n ask_v by_o the_o speaker_n mouth_n or_o the_o petition_n by_o foresay_a ●even_a up_o in_o 〈◊〉_d by_o the_o foresay_a without_o assent_n of_o the_o foresay_a comune_a etc._n etc._n this_o petition_n be_v so_o plain_a that_o it_o need_v no_o comment_n therefore_o pray_v tell_v i_o what_o you_o think_v of_o it_o m._n in_o the_o first_o place_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o i_o do_v not_o find_v at_o all_o by_o the_o king_n answer_v to_o this_o petition_n that_o the_o king_n allow_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n therein_o set_v forth_o to_o be_v true_a but_o rather_o the_o contrary_a as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o the_o answer_n itself_o in_o these_o word_n the_o king_n of_o his_o grace_n especial_a grant_v that_o fro_o henceforth_o nothing_o be_v enact_v to_o the_o petition_n of_o his_o comune_a that_o be_v contrary_a of_o their_o ask_n whereby_o they_o shall_v be_v bind_v without_o their_o assent_n save_v always_o to_o our_o liege_n i._n e._n royal_a lord_n his_o real_a prerogaty_n to_o grant_v and_o deny_v what_o he_o lust_v of_o their_o petition_n and_o asking_n aforesaid_a and_o i_o shall_v far_o give_v you_o the_o drs._n answer_v to_o this_o argument_n which_o be_v to_o this_o effect_n 86._o the_o design_n of_o this_o petition_n be_v not_o to_o set_v forth_o the_o antiquity_n of_o their_o existence_n but_o their_o right_n that_o nothing_o may_v be_v enact_v without_o their_o assent_n contrary_a to_o their_o intent_n and_o like_n and_o to_o show_v that_o it_o be_v never_o do_v since_o the_o commons_o be_v a_o three_o estate_n or_o as_o they_o say_v a_o member_n of_o parliament_n therefore_o it_o be_v needless_a to_o prove_v that_o which_o no_o body_n deny_v that_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o commons_o be_v then_o and_o be_v now_o require_v to_o the_o make_n of_o all_o statute_n and_o law_n but_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o ask_v you_o with_o the_o dr_n

since_o by_o the_o subsequent_a word_n in_o this_o oath_n it_o be_v restrain_v to_o the_o take_a arm_n by_o his_o authority_n against_o his_o person_n or_o those_o commissioned_n by_o he_o which_o show_v that_o nothing_o here_o be_v intend_v to_o be_v forbid_v but_o take_v up_o offensive_a arm_n upon_o popular_a pretence_n without_o and_o against_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o law_n which_o be_v further_o explain_v in_o another_o test_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o both_o house_n of_o parliament_n three_o it_o be_v observable_a this_o be_v but_o a_o test_n upon_o some_o that_o be_v to_o come_v into_o office_n and_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n make_v any_o change_n in_o the_o ancient_a law_n which_o can_v be_v change_v by_o implication_n nor_o do_v this_o amount_v to_o so_o much_o the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o oath_n require_v only_o that_o the_o party_n admit_v into_o office_n shall_v so_o declare_v and_o believe_v and_o though_o the_o second_o clause_n call_v it_o a_o traitorous_a position_n yet_o this_o be_v restrain_v only_o to_o these_o two_o particular_n that_o arm_n may_v not_o be_v take_v up_o by_o the_o king_n authority_n against_o his_o person_n or_o those_o commissioned_n by_o he_o which_o can_v have_v reference_n to_o nothing_o but_o that_o distinction_n take_v up_o in_o the_o late_a time_n of_o civil_a war_n when_o the_o parliament_n pretend_v to_o take_v arm_n and_o grant_v commission_n in_o the_o name_n of_o king_n and_o parliament_n by_o virtue_n of_o that_o authority_n which_o they_o suppose_v he_o leave_v with_o they_o at_o westminster_n so_o that_o this_o clause_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n exclude_v any_o arm_n make_v use_v of_o for_o legal_a defence_n according_a to_o law_n four_o and_o last_o though_o the_o word_n against_o those_o commissioned_n by_o he_o may_v seem_v to_o extend_v the_o matter_n further_o and_o be_v mistake_v by_o some_o as_o if_o ●t_a require_v at_o least_o passive_a obedience_n to_o all_o commission_n of_o the_o king_n though_o never_o so_o illegal_a yet_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o colour_n for_o it_o since_o nothing_o be_v a_o commission_n but_o the_o king_n be_v legal_a command_n or_o authority_n pursuant_n to_o some_o law_n and_o for_o put_v the_o same_o in_o execution_n which_o be_v the_o legal_a definition_n of_o a_o commission_n and_o when_o this_o test_n be_v first_o bring_v in_o to_o the_o second_o parliament_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o and_o that_o the_o word_n legal_a be_v offer_v to_o be_v add_v to_o the_o bill_n upon_o a_o long_o debate_v it_o be_v only_o leave_v out_o because_o it_o be_v declare_v by_o all_o the_o lawyer_n in_o the_o house_n even_o by_o sir_n hen._n finch_n than_o the_o king_n solicitor_n and_o agree_v to_o by_o the_o whole_a house_n that_o it_o be_v clear_o imply_v and_o can_v bear_v no_o other_o construction_n but_o that_o all_o illegal_a commission_n be_v null_a and_o void_a and_o in_o no_o legal_a sense_n can_v be_v call_v commission_n so_o that_o take_v up_o arm_n in_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o law_n and_o pursuant_n thereunto_o can_v in_o any_o wise_a be_v call_v a_o take_a arm_n against_o the_o king_n person_n or_o those_o commissioned_n by_o he_o and_o far_o that_o by_o the_o word_n in_o pursuance_n of_o such_o military_a commission_n be_v mean_v such_o as_o be_v warrant_v by_o that_o act_n &_o such_o as_o the_o king_n may_v issue_v by_o his_o royal_a authority_n which_o be_v bound_v by_o law_n and_o consequent_o can_v grant_v any_o commission_n but_o what_o be_v according_a to_o law_n so_o that_o if_o these_o commission_n be_v grant_v to_o person_n utter_o disable_v by_o law_n to_o take_v they_o as_o all_o be_v that_o will_v not_o take_v the_o test_n appoint_v by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o 25_o of_o k._n charles_n the_o second_o entitle_v a_o act_n to_o prevent_v the_o danger_n that_o may_v arise_v from_o popish_a recusant_n as_o also_o all_o commission_n to_o do_v any_o illegal_a violent_a action_n be_v absolute_o void_a and_o consequent_o may_v be_v resist_v or_o else_o our_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la with_o all_o the_o other_o law_n that_o establish_v liberty_n and_o property_n as_o also_o our_o very_a religion_n itself_o establish_v by_o law_n may_v be_v either_o undermine_v by_o the_o king_n be_v new_a dispense_v power_n or_o else_o subvert_v by_o open_a force_n and_o every_o commission_n officer_n in_o a_o red_a coat_n will_v be_v as_o sacred_a and_o irresistible_a as_o the_o king_n himself_o but_o to_o conclude_v that_o the_o instance_n i_o have_v give_v that_o the_o king_n commission_n may_v be_v abuse_v to_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o nation_n nay_o of_o the_o whole_a parliament_n be_v not_o so_o unlikely_a and_o remote_a as_o you_o imagine_v pray_v let_v i_o put_v you_o in_o 〈◊〉_d that_o as_o for_o that_o pretend_a commission_n to_o sir_n phelim_n oneal_n though_o it_o be_v true_a it_o do_v prove_v afterward_o to_o be_v forge_v yet_o be_v it_o not_o know_v to_o be_v so_o till_o long_o after_o and_o therefore_o have_v all_o the_o sign_n of_o a_o true_a commission_n under_o the_o king_n be_v great_a seal_n the_o poor_a protestant_n in_o ireland_n be_v to_o have_v have_v their_o throat_n cut_v according_a to_o this_o oath_n before_o ever_o they_o can_v be_v satisfy_v whether_o it_o be_v true_a or_o not_o but_o that_o a_o popish_a king_n persecute_v and_o destroy_v his_o protestant_a subject_n only_o for_o matter_n of_o religion_n be_v not_o so_o improbable_a a_o thing_n as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o the_o french_a king_n be_v late_a dragoon_n imprison_v and_o send_v to_o the_o galley_n all_o that_o refuse_v to_o renounce_v heresy_n as_o they_o call_v it_o and_o subscribe_v to_o the_o article_n of_o the_o romish_a religion_n have_v give_v we_o but_o too_o sad_a and_o recent_a a_o example_n and_o how_o you_o can_v assure_v i_o that_o the_o king_n act_v upon_o these_o very_a principle_n and_o be_v govern_v by_o like_a confessor_n will_v never_o do_v the_o same_o thing_n i_o shall_v be_v glad_a to_o receive_v some_o better_a satisfaction_n than_o his_o bare_a word_n to_o the_o contrary_n nor_o yet_o be_v my_o other_o instance_n of_o its_o be_v leave_v according_a to_o your_o doctrine_n in_o the_o king_n power_n to_o make_v a_o violent_a assault_n upon_o the_o person_n both_o of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o assemble_v in_o parliament_n whenever_o he_o please_v without_o any_o resistance_n whatsoever_o so_o remote_a and_o improbable_a as_o you_o be_v please_v to_o make_v it_o since_o you_o may_v find_v it_o still_o upon_o record_n among_o the_o article_n exhibit_v in_o parliament_n against_o robert_n de_fw-fr vere_n duke_n of_o ireland_n robert_n tresilian_n chief_a justice_n and_o sir_n nicholas_n brembur_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o the_o 11_o of_o richard_n the_o second_o secunda_fw-la which_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v the_o 15_o article_n of_o which_o be_v that_o they_o by_o their_o false_a council_n have_v cause_v the_o king_n to_o command_v the_o say_a nicholas_n be_v then_o mayor_n of_o london_n sudden_o to_o rise_v with_o a_o great_a power_n to_o kill_v and_o put_v to_o death_n the_o say_a lord_n viz._n thomas_n duke_n of_o gloucester_n and_o the_o other_o lord_n there_o name_v and_o the_o commons_o viz._n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o the_o 10_o of_o this_o king_n who_o be_v not_o of_o their_o party_n and_o conspiracy_n for_o the_o do_v of_o which_o wickedness_n the_o say_v grand_a traitor_n abovesaid_a be_v party_n and_o present_n to_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o realm_n so_o that_o if_o this_o treason_n have_v not_o be_v discover_v and_o that_o no_o private_a person_n may_v then_o resist_v those_o commissioned_n by_o the_o king_n it_o will_v have_v be_v treason_n according_a to_o your_o principle_n for_o the_o say_a lord_n and_o commons_o to_o have_v resist_v those_o that_o be_v thus_o send_v to_o assault_v they_o and_o take_v away_o their_o life_n and_o what_o have_v once_o happen_v it_o be_v not_o impossible_a but_o it_o may_v happen_v again_o and_o we_o may_v remember_v how_o about_o little_a more_o than_o 30_o year_n since_o that_o the_o k._n of_o denmark_n shut_v up_o the_o senator_n and_o nobility_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o that_o kingdom_n in_o coppenhagen_n and_o threaten_v they_o with_o death_n or_o imprisonment_n if_o they_o refuse_v to_o give_v up_o all_o their_o liberty_n and_o from_o a_o elective_a king_n make_v he_o and_o his_o successor_n absolute_a hereditary_a monarch_n as_o they_o be_v at_o this_o day_n by_o mean_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n of_o that_o kingdom_n who_o then_o base_o give_v up_o and_o betray_v the_o liberty_n of_o their_o country_n and_o what_o they_o have_v now_o get_v by_o it_o they_o best_o know_v therefore_o this_o be_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v as_o a_o

m._n oh_o be_v you_o come_v at_o last_o i_o have_v look_v for_o you_o these_o two_o night_n and_o now_o begin_v to_o fear_v you_o be_v not_o well_o or_o else_o have_v disinherit_v your_o cause_n and_o decline_v another_o conference_n f._n i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n for_o disappoint_v you_o which_o yet_o i_o have_v not_o do_v have_v no●_n some_o business_n hinder_v i_o but_o however_o to_o let_v you_o see_v i_o do_v not_o decline_v another_o conference_n with_o you_o upon_o this_o subject_a pray_v let_v we_o go_v on_o where_o we_o leave_v off_o and_o tell_v i_o free_o your_o sense_n of_o my_o notion_n of_o the_o king_n forfeiture_n or_o abdication_n of_o the_o government_n by_o his_o violation_n of_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o refusal_n to_o repair_v those_o breach_n when_o he_o may_v have_v do_v it_o m._n in_o answer_n to_o your_o demand_n i_o will_v deal_v free_o with_o you_o and_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o i_o have_v peruse_v all_o writer_n that_o have_v write_v any_o thing_n considerable_a concern_v the_o law_n of_o government_n or_o of_o nation_n and_o can_v find_v in_o any_o of_o they_o any_o thing_n to_o countenance_v your_o notion_n of_o forfeiture_n or_o abdication_n of_o a_o absolute_a sovereign_a prince_n a●_n i_o must_v still_o take_v we_o to_o be_v notwithstanding_o all_o you_o yet_o say_v to_o the_o contrary_a unless_o what_o you_o have_v cite_v at_o our_o three_o meeting_n 6.7_o out_o of_o barclay_n three_o book_n contra_fw-la monarch_n where_o he_o allow_v the_o subject_n to_o resist_v their_o prince_n in_o case_n he_o go_v about_o to_o destroy_v the_o body_n of_o the_o people_n or_o common_a wealth_n whereof_o he_o be_v the_o head_n to_o which_o i_o may_v also_o add_v another_o case_n which_o you_o have_v omit_v viz._n if_o the_o prince_n make_v over_o his_o kingdom_n to_o another_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o people_n and_o i_o confess_v that_o both_o grotius_n and_o pufendorf_n agree_v with_o barclay_n in_o this_o notion_n because_o they_o look_v upon_o both_o these_o case_n as_o their_o plain_a downright_a renunciation_n of_o their_o civil_a authority_n over_o those_o who_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o govern_v but_o indeed_o the_o first_o of_o these_o case_n be_v so_o improbable_a nay_o almost_o impossible_a to_o happen_v that_o be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o overgreat_a niceness_n of_o these_o writer_n it_o need_v not_o to_o have_v be_v so_o much_o as_o mention_v since_o none_o but_o a_o madman_n can_v ever_o go_v about_o to_o destroy_v his_o whole_a people_n and_o therefore_o as_o a_o man_n out_o of_o his_o wit_n such_o a_o prince_n may_v be_v resist_v and_o lock_v up_o if_o ever_o it_o shall_v so_o fall_v out_o as_o you_o yourself_o have_v confess_v it_o have_v very_o rare_o for_o a_o nation_n to_o be_v so_o unhappy_a as_o to_o have_v such_o a_o prince_n but_o as_o for_o the_o second_o viz._n the_o make_n over_o their_o supreme_a power_n to_o a_o foreign_a prince_n that_o likewise_o so_o very_o rare_o happen_v that_o it_o be_v scarce_o worth_a the_o while_n to_o make_v any_o dispute_n about_o it_o but_o in_o all_o other_o case_n they_o hold_v the_o supreme_a power_n of_o every_o nation_n to_o be_v absolute_o irresistible_a in_o any_o case_n whatsoever_o and_o if_o irresistible_a then_o certain_o uncapable_a of_o forfeit_v their_o right_n to_o govern_v by_o any_o pretend_a or_o real_a violation_n of_o the_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o people_n and_o bodin_n in_o his_o first_o book_n 8._o de_fw-fr republica_n though_o he_o grant_v that_o absolute_a prince_n be_v oblige_v in_o conscience_n to_o keep_v and_o maintain_v all_o such_o privilege_n which_o have_v be_v grant_v to_o the_o people_n by_o either_o themselves_o or_o predecessor_n which_o be_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n yet_o since_o the_o prince_n be_v sole_a judge_n whether_o these_o privilege_n be_v consistent_a with_o his_o supreme_a right_n to_o govern_v and_o protect_v his_o people_n he_o may_v therefore_o have_v occasion_n sometime_o not_o only_o to_o detract_v from_o they_o or_o dispense_v with_o they_o in_o some_o case_n but_o may_v whole_o break_v and_o lay_v they_o aside_o by_o turn_v tyrant_n 5._o yet_o nevertheless_o in_o all_o these_o case_n people_n be_v still_o bind_v not_o to_o resist_v they_o and_o that_o he_o look_v upon_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o such_o a_o absolute_a monarch_n as_o well_o as_o other_o he_o there_o mention_n pray_v read_v i_o the_o place_n i_o now_o cite_v where_o after_o he_o have_v allow_v resistance_n to_o be_v lawful_a against_o those_o prince_n who_o be_v not_o proper_o monarch_n as_o enjoy_v but_o a_o share_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n and_o among_o which_o he_o reckon_v the_o german_a emperor_n and_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n sweden_n and_o poland_n but_o then_o when_o he_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o real_a and_o absolute_a monarchy_n his_o sense_n be_v quite_o different_a as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o these_o word_n quod_fw-la si_fw-la monarchia_fw-la quaedam_fw-la est_fw-la summâ_fw-la unius_fw-la potestate_fw-la constituta_fw-la qualis_fw-la est_fw-la francorum_fw-la hispanorum_fw-la anglorum_fw-la scotorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o shall_v slip_v all_o the_o rest_n because_o not_o to_o our_o purpose_n ubi_fw-la reges_fw-la sine_fw-la controversia_fw-la jura_fw-la omne_fw-la majestatis_fw-la habent_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la nec_fw-la singulis_fw-la civibus_fw-la nec_fw-la universis_fw-la fas_fw-la est_fw-la summi_fw-la principis_fw-la vitam_fw-la famam_fw-la fortunas_fw-la in_o discrimen_fw-la vocare_fw-la seu_fw-la vi_fw-la feu_fw-fr judice_fw-la constituto_fw-la id_fw-la fiat_fw-la etiamsi_fw-la omnium_fw-la scelerum_fw-la ac_fw-la flagitiorum_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o tyrannis_fw-la convenire_fw-la antea_fw-la diximus_fw-la turpitudine_fw-la infamis_fw-la esset_fw-la where_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o force_n or_o resistance_n by_o which_o such_o a_o absolute_a prince_n life_n or_o regal_a power_n here_o call_v fortunas_fw-la be_v as_o much_o forbid_v as_o call_v he_o in_o question_n by_o appoint_v judge_n to_o sit_v upon_o he_o and_o he_o there_o give_v we_o a_o very_a good_a reason_n for_o it_o because_o all_o subject_n of_o what_o degree_n soever_o can_v pretend_v to_o any_o coercive_a power_n over_o the_o person_n of_o a_o sovereign_a prince_n f._n we_o have_v discourse_v enough_o concern_v the_o resistance_n of_o absolute_a monarch_n at_o our_o three_o and_o four_o meeting_n and_o therefore_o i_o desire_v we_o may_v not_o fall_v into_o that_o subject_a which_o can_v produce_v nothing_o but_o needless_a repetition_n and_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v at_o our_o 5_o conversation_n that_o the_o king_n be_v not_o a_o absolute_a despotic_a monarch_n but_o be_v limit_v and_o tie_v up_o by_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n from_o make_v of_o law_n or_o raise_v tax_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o people_n in_o parliament_n and_o that_o our_o government_n be_v mix_v and_o make_v up_o of_o monarchy_n with_o a_o allay_n of_o aristocracy_n and_o democracy_n in_o the_o constitution_n the_o former_a in_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n the_o latter_a in_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o as_o k._n charles_n the_o first_o himself_o confess_v in_o his_o answer_n to_o the_o parliament_n 19_o proposition_n and_o i_o have_v far_o enforce_v this_o from_o divers_a authority_n out_o of_o our_o ancient_n as_o well_o as_o modern_a lawyer_n viz._n glanvill_n bracton_n fortescue_n and_o sir_n edward_n coke_n so_o that_o since_o we_o have_v such_o clear_a proof_n for_o our_o constitution_n from_o our_o own_o history_n and_o author_n nay_o from_o the_o king_n himself_o beside_o the_o whole_a purpor●_n and_o style_n of_o the_o very_a law_n and_o statute_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o do_v not_o value_v the_o authority_n of_o bodin_n a_o foreigner_n who_o business_n it_o be_v to_o set_v up_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o french_a king_n to_o the_o high_a pitch_n he_o can_v and_o therefore_o be_v sensible_a that_o ancient_o the_o government_n of_o france_n and_o england_n be_v much_o the_o same_o he_o can_v not_o with_o any_o face_n make_v his_o own_o a_o absolute_a despotic_a monarchy_n unless_o he_o have_v make_v we_o so_o too_o but_o this_o be_v not_o the_o only_a error_n he_o have_v be_v guilty_a of_o in_o our_o history_n and_o constitution_n as_o i_o can_v show_v you_o when_o there_o be_v occasion_n but_o arnisaeus_n who_o as_o well_o as_o bodin_n be_v so_o much_o for_o absolute_a monarch_n yet_o do_v in_o his_o treatise_n of_o government_n call_v his_o confess_v that_o a_o tyrant_n in_o a_o hereditary_a monarchy_n who_o violate_v all_o the_o law_n of_o justice_n and_o equity_n to_o the_o endanger_v the_o ruin_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n do_v ixcidere_fw-la jure_fw-la haereditario_fw-la fall_v from_o or_o forfeit_v his_o hereditary_a right_n but_o pray_v make_v it_o out_o by_o some_o convince_a proof_n either_o from_o history_n or_o law_n that_o our_o king_n be_v

make_v they_o the_o first_o breacher_n of_o it_o whereas_o you_o may_v find_v that_o it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o whole_a convocation_n for_o many_o year_n before_o ever_o those_o divine_n or_o that_o gentleman_n begin_v to_o preach_v or_o write_v upon_o this_o subject_n nor_o be_v these_o the_o only_a man_n who_o maintain_v these_o principle_n but_o archbishop_n usher_n and_o bishop_n sanderson_n who_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o reckon_v among_o your_o flatter_a court_n bishop_n have_v as_o learned_o and_o full_o assert_v those_o doctrine_n you_o so_o much_o condemn_v as_o any_o of_o that_o party_n you_o find_v fault_n with_o and_o have_v very_o well_o prove_v all_o resistance_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n to_o be_v unlawful_a not_o only_o in_o absolute_a but_o limit_a monarchy_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o which_o you_o may_v sufficient_o satisfy_v yourself_o if_o you_o will_v but_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o read_v the_o learned_a and_o elaborate_v treatise_n write_v by_o those_o good_a bishop_n viz._n the_o lord_n primate_n usher_n power_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o obedience_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o the_o bishop_n of_o lincoln_n preface_n before_o it_o as_o also_o the_o say_v bishop_n treatise_n the_o jura_n nouto_fw-la write_v whilst_o he_o be_v doctor_n of_o the_o chair_n in_o oxford_n f._n i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n sir_n if_o i_o have_v never_o yet_o see_v or_o hear_v of_o that_o convocation_n book_n you_o mention_n much_o less_o of_o the_o opinion_n therein_o contain_v since_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v of_o their_o proceed_n in_o any_o history_n or_o record_n of_o those_o time_n either_o ecclesiastical_a or_o civil_a as_o i_o know_v of_o but_o this_o much_o i_o be_o certain_a of_o that_o these_o determination_n or_o decree_n you_o mention_v call_v they_o which_o you_o please_v never_o receive_v the_o royal_a assent_n much_o less_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n one_o of_o which_o if_o not_o both_o be_v certain_o requisite_a to_o make_v any_o opinion_n either_o in_o doctrine_n or_o discipline_n to_o be_v receive_v by_o we_o layman_n for_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n otherwise_o the_o canon_n make_v in_o 1640_o will_v oblige_v we_o in_o conscience_n though_o they_o stand_v at_o this_o day_n condemn_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n so_o that_o however_o even_o according_a to_o your_o own_o principle_n you_o can_v urge_v this_o book_n as_o the_o authoritative_a doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n unless_o their_o determination_n have_v receive_v the_o royal_a assent_n which_o you_o yourself_o do_v not_o affirm_v they_o have_v for_o you_o very_o well_o know_v that_o as_o in_o civil_a law_n no_o bill_n be_v any_o more_o than_o waste_v parchment_n if_o once_o the_o king_n have_v refuse_v to_o give_v his_o royal_a assent_n to_o it_o so_o likewise_o in_o spiritual_a or_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n i_o think_v no_o decree_n or_o determination_n of_o convocation_n be_v to_o be_v receive_v as_o bind_v either_o in_o point_n of_o faith_n or_o manner_n by_o we_o layman_n till_o they_o have_v receive_v the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o king_n and_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n or_o otherwise_o the_o consequence_n will_v be_v that_o if_o the_o king_n who_o have_v the_o nomination_n of_o all_o the_o bishopric_n and_o deanery_n as_o also_o of_o most_o of_o the_o great_a prebendary_n in_o england_n of_o which_o the_o convocation_n chief_o consist_v shall_v nominate_v such_o man_n into_o those_o place_n which_o will_v agree_v with_o he_o to_o alter_v the_o present_a establish_a reform_a religion_n ●n_o government_n and_o to_o bring_v in_o popery_n or_o arbitrary_a power_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n will_v be_v oblige_v in_o conscience_n to_o embrace_v it_o or_o at_o least_o to_o submit_v without_o any_o contraditio●_n to_o those_o canon_n the_o king_n and_o convocation_n shall_v thus_o agree_v to_o make_v which_o of_o how_o fatal_a a_o consequence_n it_o may_v prove_v to_o the_o reform_a religion_n in_o this_o kingdom_n this_o king_n choice_n of_o bishop_n and_o dean_n such_o as_o he_o think_v most_o fit_a for_o his_o turn_n will_v have_v teach_v ●s_a when_o it_o have_v be_v too_o late_o m._n you_o very_o must_v mistake_v i_o sir_n if_o you_o believe_v that_o i_o urge_v the_o authority_n of_o this_o book_n to_o you_o as_o contain_v any_o ecclesiastical_a canon_n which_o i_o grant_v must_v have_v the_o royal_a assent_n but_o whether_o that_o of_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n i_o very_o much_o question_n since_o the_o king_n without_o the_o parliament_n be_v head_n of_o the_o church_n and_o diverse_a canon_n make_v under_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o king_n james_n be_v good_a in_o law_n at_o this_o day_n though_o they_o be_v never_o confirm_v by_o parliament_n but_o i_o only_o urge_v the_o authority_n of_o this_o book_n to_o you_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o these_o doctrine_n be_v more_o ancient_a than_o the_o time_n you_o prescribe_v and_o also_o that_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n hold_v these_o doctrine_n which_o you_o so_o much_o condemn_v long_o before_o those_o court_n bishop_n or_o divine_n you_o mention_n meddle_v with_o this_o controversy_n and_o i_o suppose_v we_o may_v as_o well_o quote_v such_o a_o convocation_n book_n as_o a_o testimony_n of_o their_o sense_n upon_o these_o subject_n as_o we_o do_v the_o french_a helvetian_a or_o any_o other_o protestant_n church_n confession_n of_o faith_n draw_v up_o and_o pass_v in_o synod_n of_o their_o divine_n though_o without_o any_o confirmation_n of_o the_o civil_a power_n f._n if_o you_o urge_v this_o convocation_n book_n only_o as_o a_o testimony_n and_o not_o authority_n i_o shall_v not_o contend_v any_o further_a about_o it_o but_o then_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o that_o if_o the_o canon_n or_o decree_n of_o a_o convocation_n though_o never_o so_o much_o confirm_v by_o king_n and_o parliament_n do_v no_o further_o oblige_v in_o conscience_n than_o as_o they_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n sure_a their_o determination_n without_o any_o such_o authority_n can_v only_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o the_o opinion_n of_o so_o many_o particular_a private_a men._n and_o though_o i_o have_v a_o very_a great_a reverence_n for_o the_o judgement_n of_o so_o many_o learned_a man_n yet_o grant_v those_o doctrine_n you_o mention_v to_o be_v contain_v in_o this_o book_n i_o think_v notwithstanding_o that_o we_o may_v just_o examine_v they_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o reason_n and_o express_v testimony_n of_o scripture_n by_o either_o of_o which_o when_o i_o see_v you_o can_v convince_v i_o of_o the_o falsehood_n of_o my_o tenet_n i_o shall_v count_v myself_o happy_a to_o be_v be●●er_o inform_v but_o as_o for_o those_o treatise_n of_o bishop_n usher_n and_o bishop_n ●anderson_n which_o you_o now_o mention_v i_o must_v needs_o confess_v they_o be_v learned_o and_o elaborate_o write_v and_o though_o i_o be_o against_o rebellion_n as_o much_o as_o any_o man_n and_o do_v believe_v that_o subject_n may_v too_o often_o be_v guilty_a of_o it_o yet_o be_o i_o not_o therefore_o convince_v that_o it_o be_v absolute_o unlawful_a in_o all_o case_n whatsoever_o even_o in_o the_o most_o absolute_a and_o arbitrary_a sort_n of_o civil_a government_n for_o the_o people_n when_o violent_o and_o intolerable_o oppress_v to_o take_v up_o arm_n and_o resist_v such_o unjust_a violence_n or_o to_o join_v with_o any_o foreign_a prince_n who_o will_v be_v so_o generous_a as_o to_o take_v upon_o he_o their_o deliverance_n so_o that_o though_o i_o free_o acknowledge_v that_o those_o good_a bishop_n you_o mention_v be_v very_o pious_a and_o learned_a man_n ●im_a ●hat_n i_o bear_v great_a reverence_n to_o their_o memory_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o i_o must_v o●●_n they_o to_o be_v infallible_a or_o as_o great_a politician_n as_o they_o be_v learned_a divine_n or_o that_o they_o understand_v the_o law_n of_o england_n as_o well_o as_o they_o do_v the_o scripture_n or_o father_n and_o perhaps_o there_o may_v be_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o say_v on_o their_o behalf_n than_o can_v be_v for_o divers_a other_o who_o have_v since_o wekeen_v and_o pr●●_n so_o much_o upon_o those_o subject_n for_o if_o you_o please_v to_o consider_v the_o time_n of_o their_o writing_n those_o treatise_n you_o will_v find_v they_o write_v about_o the_o beginning_n or_o middle_n of_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n which_o they_o suppose_v to_o be_v beg●n_n and_o carry_v on_o contrary_a to_o all_o law_n and_o justice_n under_o the_o pretence_a authority_n of_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n against_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o they_o think_v themselves_o oblige_v to_o write_v very_o high_a for_o the_o prerogative_n

and_o right_n of_o prince_n and_o the_o absolute_a obedience_n of_o subject_n when_o they_o see_v even_o the_o king_n just_a and_o lawful_a prerogative_n in_o danger_n to_o be_v take_v from_o he_o by_o force_n and_o although_o they_o may_v perhaps_o stretch_v several_a of_o these_o point_n too_o far_o yet_o this_o may_v be_v very_o excusable_a since_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o write_v so_o exact_o against_o any_o error_n as_o not_o to_o fall_v into_o the_o contrary_a extreme_a which_o nevertheless_o may_v sometime_o prove_v useful_a enough_o as_o those_o who_o will_v set_v a_o stick_n straight_o be_v force_v to_o bend_v it_o to_o the_o other_o side_n and_o so_o these_o doctrine_n which_o may_v then_o be_v seasonable_a whilst_o the_o people_n carry_v on_o their_o animosity_n against_o the_o king_n far_o than_o in_o justice_n they_o ought_v have_v not_o now_o the_o same_o reason_n and_o cogency_n when_o this_o king_n have_v so_o manifest_o endeavour_v to_o pull_v up_o the_o very_a foundation_n both_o of_o our_o religion_n and_o government_n so_o that_o i_o be_o persuade_v can_v those_o good_a bishop_n have_v live_v by_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n to_o our_o time_n and_o have_v see_v the_o ill_a and_o fatal_a use_n have_v be_v make_v of_o those_o doctrine_n by_o those_o in_o power_n they_o will_v either_o absolute_o have_v renounce_v they_o or_o at_o least_o have_v be_v very_o cautious_a how_o they_o publish_v such_o doubtful_a opinion_n to_o the_o world_n m._n i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n sir_n if_o i_o be_o not_o of_o your_o opinion_n for_o i_o look_v upon_o the_o absolute_a subjection_n of_o the_o subject_n to_o the_o high_a or_o supreme_a power_n to_o be_v a_o thing_n of_o such_o constant_a and_o eternal_a obligation_n that_o no_o change_n of_o time_n or_o circumstance_n can_v ever_o dispense_v with_o we_o in_o or_o discharge_v we_o from_o it_o and_o i_o be_o so_o far_o from_o believe_v that_o those_o good_a bishop_n will_v ever_o have_v recant_v their_o opinion_n in_o this_o particular_a that_o have_v th●y_o live_v until_o this_o time_n i_o think_v they_o can_v not_o without_o the_o imputation_n of_o time_n server_n have_v forbear_v public_o to_o declare_v and_o maintain_v they_o for_o sure_a we_o must_v not_o deny_v or_o lay_v aside_o true_a principle_n because_o of_o some_o inconvenience_n or_o hardship_n that_o may_v thereby_o happen_v to_o our_o religion_n person_n or_o civil_a liberty_n since_o that_o be_v the_o ready_a way_n to_o give_v a_o licence_n to_o the_o rank_a rebellion_n and_o the_o high_a disobedience_n to_o the_o supreme_a power_n for_o so_o the_o primitive_a christian_n may_v have_v claim_v a_o right_a to_o rebel_n against_o the_o heathen_a emperor_n pretend_v they_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o submit_v themselves_o unto_o they_o because_o they_o persecute_v god_n church_n and_o put_v the_o christian_n to_o death_n for_o no_o other_o reason_n than_o that_o they_o be_v such_o whereas_o we_o may_v plain_o see_v st._n peter_n and_o st._n paul_n teach_v we_o another_o lesson_n and_o command_v absolute_a subjection_n without_o reserve_n to_o the_o high_a power_n which_o be_v then_o the_o tyrannical_a persecute_v emperor_n and_o that_o the_o primitive_a christian_n who_o immediate_o follow_v the_o apostle_n understand_v they_o in_o this_o sense_n and_o although_o they_o have_v sufficient_a strength_n yet_o think_v it_o unlawful_a to_o resist_v those_o heathen_a emperor_n be_v under_o which_o they_o live_v i_o refer_v you_o to_o that_o vast_a treasure_n of_o quotation_n out_o of_o the_o father_n and_o ancient_a church_n historian_n collect_v with_o such_o learning_n and_o industry_n by_o the_o lord_n primate_n usher_n in_o the_o second_o treatise_n f._n it_o be_v not_o my_o intention_n sir_n at_o present_a to_o fall_v into_o a_o severe_a examination_n of_o so_o many_o text_n of_o scripture_n and_o quotation_n of_o father_n and_o other_o author_n as_o be_v make_v use_n of_o by_o those_o learned_a man_n you_o late_o mention_v which_o require_v more_o consideration_n than_o our_o short_a time_n will_v now_o afford_v therefore_o the_o best_a method_n i_o can_v propose_v to_o you_o for_o the_o true_a state_v and_o understand_v this_o noble_a controversy_n be_v first_o to_o look_v into_o the_o natural_a state_n of_o mankind_n after_o the_o fall_n of_o adam_n and_o inquire_v first_o if_o god_n have_v appoint_v any_o kind_n of_o government_n by_o divine_a institution_n before_o another_o second_o if_o he_o have_v not_o how_o far_o civil_a power_n may_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o from_o god_n and_o in_o what_o sense_n as_o derive_v from_o the_o people_n three_o whether_o resistance_n by_o the_o subject_n in_o some_o case_n be_v incompatible_a and_o absolute_o destructive_a to_o all_o civil_a government_n whatsoever_o four_o whether_o such_o resistance_n be_v absolute_o contrary_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o christ_n contain_v in_o the_o scripture_n and_o that_o of_o the_o primitive_a church_n pursuant_n thereunto_o five_o whether_o such_o resistance_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o this_o government_n and_o the_o express_a law_n of_o the_o land_n sixthly_a whether_o what_o have_v be_v do_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n and_o those_o of_o the_o nobility_n gentry_n etc._n etc._n in_o pursuance_n of_o these_o principle_n have_v be_v do_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o scripture_n and_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o this_o kingdom_n which_o material_a point_n if_o we_o can_v once_o subtle_a and_o discover_v where_o the_o truth_n lie_v it_o will_v prove_v the_o clear_a comment_n and_o best_a interpretation_n of_o all_o those_o place_n of_o scripture_n and_o quotation_n of_o father_n and_o other_o author_n which_o be_v cite_v by_o divine_n or_o other_o writer_n for_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o divine_a institution_n of_o monarchy_n and_o the_o absolute_a subjection_n of_o subject_n without_o any_o resistance_n for_o when_o we_o have_v once_o discover_v what_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o right_a reason_n dictate_v i_o think_v we_o may_v rest_v satisfy_v that_o that_o be_v the_o true_a sense_n of_o the_o scripture_n god_n not_o have_v give_v we_o any_o precept_n or_o command_n in_o moral_a or_o practical_a thing_n that_o can_v be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o reason_n or_o incompatible_a with_o the_o happiness_n and_o welfare_n of_o mankind_n in_o this_o life_n as_o the_o reveal_v will_n of_o god_n do_v chief_o regard_v that_o which_o be_v to_o come_v m._n i_o do_v very_o well_o approve_v of_o your_o proposal_n and_o therefore_o pray_v give_v i_o first_o your_o opinion_n on_o those_o head_n that_o i_o may_v see_v how_o far_o i_o may_v agree_v with_o you_o and_o wherein_o i_o must_v differ_v from_o you_o for_o i_o do_v assure_v you_o my_o intention_n be_v not_o to_o argue_v with_o you_o mere_o for_o dispute_n sake_n but_o that_o we_o may_v correct_v the_o error_n of_o each_o other_o understanding_n and_o discover_v if_o it_o be_v possible_a where_o the_o truth_n lie_v therefore_o pray_v sir_n begin_v first_o with_o the_o natural_a state_n of_o mankind_n but_o remember_v to_o do_v it_o like_o a_o christian_a and_o one_o that_o believe_v that_o we_o be_v all_o derive_v from_o one_o first_o parent_n and_o that_o we_o do_v not_o at_o first_o spring_n up_o out_o of_o the_o earth_n like_o mushroom_n or_o as_o the_o man_n who_o ovid●eigns_v ●eigns_z to_o have_v be_v produce_v of_o the_o dragon_n tooth_n cadmus_n be_v feign_v to_o have_v sow_v who_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o spring_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n immediate_o fall_v a_o fight_a and_o kill_v each_o other_o f._n i_o thank_v you_o sir_n for_o your_o honest_a and_o kind_a advice_n and_o shall_v therefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n suppose_v that_o the_o necessity_n as_o well_o as_o be_v of_o all_o civil_a government_n proceed_v from_o the_o fall_n of_o adam_n since_o if_o that_o have_v not_o be_v we_o have_v still_o live_v as_o the_o poet_n fancy_n man_n do_v under_o the_o golden_a age_n without_o any_o need_n of_o king_n or_o commonwealth_n to_o make_v law_n against_o oppression_n theft_n adultery_n murder_n and_o those_o other_o injury_n which_o man_n be_v now_o too_o apt_a in_o this_o lapse_v corrupt_a state_n to_o commit_v against_o each_o other_o much_o less_o will_v there_o have_v be_v any_o need_n of_o judge_n or_o executioner_n either_o to_o sentence_n or_o punish_v offender_n for_o if_o man_n have_v continue_v as_o free_v from_o sin_n as_o he_o be_v in_o paradise_n there_o can_v have_v be_v no_o need_n of_o a_o supreme_a coercive_a power_n since_o every_o man_n will_v have_v perform_v his_o duty_n towards_o god_n and_o his_o neighbour_n without_o any_o punishment_n or_o constraint_n so_o that_o all_o the_o authority_n that_o can_v be_v suppose_v can_v have_v be_v then_o necessary_a for_o the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n will_v

it_o will_v be_v leave_v in_o her_o power_n not_o only_o to_o govern_v herself_o but_o by_o marry_v to_o choose_v a_o king_n for_o her_o subject_n who_o they_o do_v not_o approve_v of_o and_o therefore_o we_o read_v that_o in_o diverse_a of_o the_o ancient_a kingdom_n of_o the_o world_n woman_n be_v exclude_v from_o the_o succession_n nor_o be_v these_o the_o only_a question_n that_o either_o may_v then_o or_o else_o have_v in_o latter_a age_n be_v start_v concern_v succession_n in_o kingdom_n 158._o and_o principality_n and_o have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o great_a dispute_n between_o pretender_n to_o crown_n where_o a_o king_n die_v without_o lawful_a issue_n as_o whether_o a_o grandson_n by_o a_o young_a daughter_n shall_v inherit_v before_o a_o granddaughter_n by_o a_o elder_a daughter_n whether_o the_o elder_a son_n by_o a_o concubine_n before_o the_o young_a son_n by_o a_o wife_n from_o whence_o also_o will_v arise_v many_o question_n concern_v legitimation_n and_o what_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o a_o wife_n and_o a_o concubine_n all_o which_o can_v no_o way_n be_v decide_v but_o by_o the_o municipal_a or_o positive_a law_n of_o those_o kingdom_n or_o principality_n it_o may_v further_o be_v inquire_v whether_o the_o elder_a son_n be_v a_o fool_n or_o madman_n shall_v inherit_v this_o paternal_a power_n before_o the_o young_a a_o wise_a man_n and_o what_o degree_n of_o ●olly_n or_o madness_n it_o must_v be_v that_o shall_v exclude_v he_o and_o who_o shall_v be_v the_o judge_n of_o it_o also_o whether_o the_o son_n of_o a_o fool_n so_o exclude_v for_o his_o folly_n shall_v succeed_v before_o the_o son_n of_o his_o wise_a brother_n who_o last_o reign_v who_o shall_v have_v the_o regal_a power_n whilst_o a_o widow_n queen_n be_v with_o child_n by_o the_o decease_a king_n until_o she_o be_v bring_v to_o bed_n these_o and_o many_o more_o such_o difficulty_n may_v be_v propose_v about_o the_o title_n of_o succession_n and_o the_o right_n of_o inheritance_n to_o kingdom_n and_o that_o not_o as_o idle_a speculation_n but_o such_o as_o in_o history_n we_o shall_v frequent_o find_v example_n of_o not_o only_o in_o our_o own_o but_o likewise_o other_o kingdom_n from_o all_o which_o we_o may_v gather_v that_o if_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o nature_n have_v prescribe_v any_o set_a rule_n of_o succession_n they_o will_v have_v go_v far_a than_o one_o or_o two_o case_n as_o concern_v the_o succession_n of_o elder_a son_n or_o brother_n where_o a_o elder_a son_n die_v without_o issue_n and_o will_v also_o have_v give_v certain_a infallible_a rule_n in_o all_o other_o case_n of_o succession_n beside_o these_o and_o not_o have_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o will_n or_o particular_a law_n of_o diverse_a nation_n to_o have_v establish_v the_o succession_n so_o many_o several_a way_n as_o i_o be_o able_a to_o show_v have_v be_v practise_v in_o the_o world_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v you_o have_v take_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n to_o perplex_v the_o succession_n to_o adam_n which_o seem_v design_v for_o nothing_o else_o but_o to_o make_v i_o believe_v that_o if_o adam_n or_o any_o of_o his_o son_n be_v king_n or_o prince_n it_o must_v have_v be_v by_o the_o consent_n or_o election_n of_o their_o child_n or_o descendant_n which_o be_v all_o one_o as_o to_o say_v that_o those_o ancient_a prince_n derive_v their_o title_n from_o the_o judgement_n or_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n the_o contrary_a to_o which_o be_v evident_a as_o well_o out_o of_o sacred_a as_o civil_a history_n f._n since_o you_o appeal_v to_o history_n to_o history_n you_o shall_v go_v and_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o i_o have_v not_o invent_v these_o doubt_n about_o succession_n of_o my_o own_o head_n and_o that_o there_o may_v have_v very_o well_o be_v a_o real_a dispute_n about_o the_o succession_n to_o adam_n in_o the_o case_n i_o have_v put_v may_v appear_v by_o the_o many_o dispute_n and_o quarrel_n that_o have_v be_v in_o several_a nation_n concern_v the_o right_n of_o succession_n between_o the_o uncle_n and_o the_o nephew_n of_o which_o grotius_n be_v so_o sensible_a 31._o that_o he_o confess_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o chapter_n last_o cite_v that_o where_o it_o can_v not_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o people_n judgement_n it_o be_v fain_o to_o be_v so_o by_o civil_a war_n as_o well_o as_o private_a combat_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v force_v ingenuous_o to_o confess_v that_o this_o have_v be_v practise_v divers_a way_n according_a to_o the_o different_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o nation_n and_o he_o give_v we_o here_o a_o distinction_n between_o a_o direct_a lineal_a succession_n and_o a_o transversed_a and_o acknowledge_v that_o among_o the_o german_n as_o also_o the_o goth_n and_o vandal_n nephew_n be_v not_o admit_v to_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n before_o their_o uncle_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o saxon_n and_o norman_n and_o therefore_o we_o find_v in_o our_o ancient_a english_a history_n that_o before_o the_o conquest_n the_o uncle_n if_o he_o be_v old_a always_o enjoy_v the_o crown_n before_o the_o nephew_n which_o i_o can_v more_o particular_o show_v you_o if_o you_o think_v fit_a to_o question_v it_o the_o like_a manner_n of_o succession_n be_v also_o among_o the_o irish-scotch_a for_o above_o 200_o year_n after_o ●●rgus_fw-la their_z first_o king_n the_o like_a custom_n be_v also_o observe_v among_o the_o irish_a as_o long_o as_o they_o have_v any_o king_n among_o they_o and_o be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o tanistry_n the_o same_o be_v also_o observe_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ●astile_fw-fr where_o after_o the_o death_n of_o alphonso_n the_o five_o the_o state_n of_o that_o kingdom_n admit_v his_o young_a son_n sancho_n to_o be_v king_n put_v by_o ferdinand_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr cerda_n the_o grandson_n to_o the_o late_a king_n by_o his_o elder_a son_n though_o he_o have_v the_o crown_n leave_v he_o by_o his_o grand-father_n will._n so_o likewise_o in_o sicily_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o charles_n the_o second_o who_o leave_v a_o grand_a son_n behind_o he_o by_o his_o elder_a son_n as_o also_o a_o young_a son_n name_v robert_n between_o who_o a_o difference_n arise_v concern_v the_o succession_n it_o be_v refer_v to_o pope_n clement_n v._o he_o give_v judgement_n for_o robert_n the_o young_a son_n of_o charles_n who_o be_v thereupon_o crown_v king_n of_o sicily_n and_o for_o this_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o earl_n john_n brother_n to_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o be_v declare_v king_n of_o england_n by_o the_o estate_n before_o arthur_n earl_n of_o britain_n son_n of_o jeoffrey_n the_o elder_a brother_n and_o glanvil_n who_o be_v lord_n chief_a justice_n under_o henry_n the_o second_o in_o that_o little_a treatise_n we_o have_v of_o he_o make_v it_o a_o great_a question_n who_o shall_v be_v prefer_v to_o a_o inheritance_n the_o uncle_n or_o nephew_n but_o as_o for_o daughter_n whether_o they_o shall_v inherit_v at_o all_o or_o not_o or_o at_o least_o be_v prefer_v before_o their_o uncle_n be_v much_o more_o doubtful_a since_o not_o only_o france_n but_o most_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o east_n at_o this_o day_n from_o turkey_n to_o japan_n do_v exclude_v woman_n from_o the_o throne_n and_o it_o be_v likewise_o as_o much_o against_o the_o grain_n of_o the_o ancient_a northern_a nation_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o we_o find_v no_o mention_n of_o any_o queen_n to_o have_v reign_v among_o the_o ancient_a german_n or_o irish-scot_n and_o never_o but_o two_o among_o the_o english-saxons_a and_o those_o by_o murder_n or_o usurpation_n and_o not_o by_o election_n as_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v do_v and_o upon_o this_o ground_n it_o be_v that_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n of_o england_n put_v by_o maud_n the_o empress_n and_o prefer_v stephen_n earl_n of_o blois_n to_o the_o crown_n before_o she_o for_o though_o he_o derive_v his_o affinity_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o a_o woman_n yet_o as_o be_v a_o man_n he_o think_v himself_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o she_o so_o likewise_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n mariana_n in_o his_o history_n tell_v we_o that_o ancient_o the_o brother_n of_o the_o king_n be_v to_o inherit_v before_o the_o daughter_n example_n may_v also_o be_v give_v of_o divers_a of_o the_o other_o instance_n but_o these_o may_v suffice_v m._n i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o interrupt_v you_o a_o little_a for_o by_o these_o example_n you_o will_v seem_v to_o infer_v that_o these_o law_n about_o settle_v the_o succession_n of_o crown_n in_o several_a kingdom_n depend_v upon_o the_o will_n of_o the_o people_n whereas_o i_o may_v with_o better_a reason_n suppose_v that_o if_o such_o law_n and_o alteration_n have_v be_v in_o such_o succession_n they_o be_v make_v by_o

the_o alderman_n or_o burgess_n of_o town_n represent_v those_o which_o we_o now_o call_v the_o commons_o and_o suppose_v that_o then_o there_o be_v no_o knight_n of_o shire_n yet_o these_o be_v then_o the_o only_a proprietor_n of_o any_o considerable_a estate_n of_o land_n in_o the_o nation_n may_v very_o well_o represent_v all_o their_o vassal_n or_o vnder-tenent_n as_o tenant_n for_o year_n and_o at_o will_n be_v at_o this_o day_n by_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n though_o they_o have_v no_o vote_n at_o their_o election_n to_o conclude_v though_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o king_n be_v of_o england_n be_v the_o fountain_n of_o that_o honour_n which_o we_o call_v peerage_n yet_o it_o be_v only_o in_o pursuance_n of_o that_o ancient_a constitution_n which_o their_o ancestor_n bring_v out_o of_o old_a saxony_n and_o normandy_n along_o with_o they_o as_o the_o firm_a defence_n of_o kingly_a power_n against_o the_o insolency_n and_o encroachment_n of_o the_o common_a or_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n as_o well_o as_o tyranny_n in_o their_o prince_n and_o therefore_o in_o all_o monarchy_n where_o there_o be_v no_o hereditary_a nobility_n the_o prince_n have_v no_o sure_a ●ay_n to_o maintain_v his_o power_n than_o by_o stand_v army_n to_o who_o humour_n and_o paction_n he_o be_v more_o subject_a and_o be_v also_o more_o liable_a to_o be_v murder_v or_o depose_v by_o they_o when_o discontent_v with_o he_o than_o ever_o any_o limit_a prince_n yet_o be_v or_o can_v be_v by_o his_o nobility_n or_o people_n as_o i_o can_v show_v you_o from_o a_o multitude_n of_o example_n not_o only_o from_o the_o roman_a but_o moorish_a arabic_a and_o turkish_a history_n and_o therefore_o to_o constitute_v a_o last_a stable_n limit_v monarchy_n as_o we_o be_v it_o must_v be_v according_a to_o the_o model_n i_o have_v here_o propose_v m._n i_o shall_v not_o contradict_v the_o latter_a part_n of_o your_o discourse_n but_o i_o must_v free_o tell_v you_o that_o if_o as_o you_o yourself_o grant_v there_o be_v no_o knight_n of_o shire_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n i_o can_v see_v how_o those_o we_o call_v the_o vulgar_a or_o commons_o of_o england_n have_v then_o any_o representative_n in_o the_o great_a council_n since_o those_o thanes_z or_o lord_n of_o manor_n who_o you_o suppose_v to_o have_v represent_v their_o tenant_n or_o vassal_n be_v never_o choose_v by_o they_o and_o consequent_o can_v not_o proper_o be_v their_o representative_n but_o i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v easy_a enough_o to_o prove_v that_o none_o of_o your_o inferior_a or_o middle_a thanes_z but_o only_o the_o chief_a or_o superior_a have_v place_n in_o those_o assembly_n so_o that_o these_o feudal_n thanes_z or_o such_o as_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o chief_a by_o military_a service_n be_v of_o the_o same_o kind_a with_o they_o that_o be_v after_o the_o norman_a time_n honorary_a or_o parliamentary_a baron_n and_o their_o thainland_n alone_o be_v the_o honorary_a thainland_n and_o such_o as_o be_v afterward_o parliamentary_a barony_n nor_o can_v i_o find_v any_o footstep_n in_o our_o ancient_a english_a history_n of_o city_n and_o burough_n send_v any_o representatives_n to_o those_o great_a council_n so_o that_o admit_v i_o shall_v own_o at_o present_a that_o the_o bishop_n and_o some_o great_a abbot_n have_v from_o the_o first_o settle_v of_o christianity_n in_o this_o island_n a_o indisputable_a place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n and_o likewise_o that_o the_o earl_n alderman_n or_o great_a nobility_n have_v also_o vote_n in_o those_o assembly_n and_o that_o the_o chief_z thanes_z or_o less_o noble_n have_v also_o their_o place_n there_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o tenure_n of_o their_o estate_n yet_o certain_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o be_v of_o a_o much_o late_a date_n and_o owe_v its_o being_n either_o to_o the_o grace_n and_o favour_n of_o our_o king_n of_o the_o norman_a race_n or_o else_o to_o those_o that_o have_v usurp_v their_o power_n and_o this_o i_o think_v dr._n brady_n have_v very_o well_o prove_v against_o mr._n petyt_n and_o i_o think_v i_o can_v convince_v you_o also_o of_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o by_o he_o as_o well_o as_o other_o argument_n be_v it_o not_o now_o too_o late_o to_o enter_v upon_o so_o long_a a_o subject_a f._n therefore_o pray_v let_v we_o defer_v any_o further_a discourse_n of_o this_o question_n till_o the_o next_o time_n we_o meet_v wherein_o i_o hope_v i_o may_v show_v you_o that_o if_o you_o owe_v that_o opinion_n to_o the_o doctor_n argument_n he_o have_v lead_v you_o into_o a_o very_a gross_a mistake_n and_o i_o shall_v only_o at_o present_a take_v my_o leave_n of_o you_o and_o bid_v you_o good_a night_n m._n i_o wish_v you_o the_o like_a advertisement_n a_o brief_a discourse_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n according_a to_o the_o principle_n and_o method_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o reverend_n dr._n cumberland_n now_o lord_n bishop_n of_o peterborough_n latin_a treatise_n on_o that_o subject_a as_o also_o his_o confutation_n of_o mr._n hobb_n principle_n put_v into_o another_o method_n with_o the_o right_n reverend_a author_n approbation_n finis_fw-la bibliotheca_fw-la politica_fw-la or_o a_o discourse_n by_o way_n of_o dialogue_n whether_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n represent_v by_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n in_o parliament_n be_v one_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n in_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o or_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n collect_v out_o of_o the_o most_o approve_a author_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a dialogue_n the_o six_o london_n print_v for_o r._n baldwin_n in_o warwick-lane_n near_o the_o oxford-arm_n where_o also_o may_v be_v have_v the_o first_o second_o third_z four_o and_o five_o dialogue_n 1693._o author_n make_v use_v of_o and_o how_o denote_v 1._o mr._n pettit_n ancient_n right_o of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n asserted_n p.r.c._n 2._o dr._n brady_n answer_n thereunto_o edit_fw-la in_o folio_n b._n a._n p._n 3._o the_o say_v doctor_n be_v glossary_a at_o the_o end_n of_o it_o b._n g._n 4._o anamadversion_n upon_o treatise_n janii_n anglorum_fw-la force_n novo_fw-la b._n a._n i._n 5._o the_o author_n of_o janus_n etc._n etc._n his_o confutation_n of_o the_o say_a doctor_n entitle_v janus_n anglorum_fw-la ab_fw-la antique_a i._n a._n a._n 6._o dr._n brady_n preface_n to_o his_o history_n b._n p._n h._n 7._o dr._n iohnston_n excellency_n of_o monarchical_a government_n i._o e._n m._n g._n the_o preface_n to_o the_o reader_n have_v in_o my_o last_o discourse_n treat_v of_o the_o legislative_a power_n of_o this_o kingdom_n as_o also_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o our_o english_a government_n by_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n the_o former_a of_o which_o question_n i_o shall_v scarce_o have_v dwell_v so_o long_o upon_o have_v i_o then_o know_v of_o a_o learned_a treatise_n now_o 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v publish_v on_o that_o subject_a i_o be_o at_o last_o arrive_v at_o the_o hard_a and_o most_o important_a though_o perhaps_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o some_o the_o dry_a and_o most_o unpleasant_a part_n of_o my_o task_n viz._n who_o be_v ancient_o the_o constituent_a part_n or_o order_n of_o man_n who_o make_v up_o th●se_a assembly_n that_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n and_o chief_z thanes_z or_o baron_n be_v principal_a member_n be_v grant_v by_o all_o party_n but_o whether_o there_o be_v from_o the_o very_a original_a of_o these_o great_a council_n nay_o till_o long_o after_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n any_o representative_n for_o the_o commons_o as_o we_o now_o call_v they_o in_o distinction_n from_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a be_v a_o doubt_n which_o as_o it_o be_v for_o aught_o i_o can_v find_v first_o raise_v by_o a_o italian_a virgil._n who_o write_v the_o history_n of_o england_n in_o the_o last_o age_n so_o have_v it_o be_v continue_v by_o some_o antiquary_n of_o our_o present_a age_n though_o the_o first_o that_o ever_o appear_v to_o prove_v the_o contrary_a be_v a_o treatise_n publish_v by_o james_n howel_n in_o the_o cottoni_fw-la posthuma_n under_o the_o name_n of_o sir_n robert_n cotton_n about_o 1654._o but_o whether_o it_o be_v he_o or_o no_o i_o know_v not_o only_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v so_o by_o mr._n pryn_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o the_o collection_n of_o record_n which_o he_o publish_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o same_o author_n in_o 1657._o and_o after_o he_o this_o notion_n of_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v the_o sole_a representative_a for_o the_o whole_a nation_n in_o those_o council_n be_v next_o print_v in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n glossary_a tit._n parliamentum_fw-la where_o king_n john_n charter_n be_v make_v use_n of_o at_o the_o main_a argument_n to_o prove_v that_o assertion_n the_o next_o who_o appear_v in_o pr●nt_n on_o

this_o question_n be_v sir_n will._n dugdale_n in_o his_o origines_fw-la juridiciales_fw-la who_o though_o he_o transcribe_v the_o same_o notion_n and_o argument_n from_o the_o 〈◊〉_d mention_a glossary_a 15._o yet_o allow_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n to_o have_v be_v always_o after_o some_o manner_n represent_v in_o parliament_n though_o not_o by_o representative_n of_o their_o own_o choose_n yet_o agree_v with_o the_o author_n of_o the_o passage_n in_o the_o glossary_a that_o the_o commons_o first_o begin_v by_o rebellion_n in_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o which_o opinion_n be_v look_n upon_o not_o only_o as_o novel_a and_o erroneous_a but_o dangerous_a to_o the_o parlamental_a right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n be_v oppose_v by_o william_n petyt_n esq_n in_o his_o treatise_n entitle_v the_o right_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n assertio_fw-la which_o be_v also_o second_v by_o the_o author_n of_o the_o treatise_n call_v jani_fw-la anglorum_fw-la facies_fw-la nova_fw-la but_o it_o be_v not_o long_o before_o both_o these_o book_n be_v animadvert_v upon_o by_o dr._n brady_n in_o two_o several_a edition_n of_o his_o answer_n to_o they_o and_o these_o be_v again_o vindicate_v by_o the_o author_n of_o jani_fw-la anglorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o another_o treatise_n entitle_v jus_fw-la anglorum_fw-la ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la which_o have_v not_o be_v yet_o answer_v i_o have_v be_v the_o more_o particular_a in_o give_v a_o account_n of_o these_o author_n because_o the_o controversy_n have_v be_v large_o debate_v in_o they_o i_o have_v for_o the_o save_v your_o trouble_n of_o read_v so_o many_o several_a book_n reduce_v all_o the_o material_a argument_n and_o authority_n man_n use_v of_o by_o both_o party_n in_o this_o weighty_a controversy_n into_o this_o dialogue_n and_o the_o next_o since_o so_o copious_a a_o argument_n can_v not_o be_v dispatch_v in_o a_o less_o compas●_n and_o 〈◊〉_d have_v not_o here_o give_v you_o all_o the_o argument_n and_o authority_n that_o be_v there_o make_v use_n of_o but_o only_o the_o most_o material_a and_o indisputable_a yet_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v use_v this_o liberty_n with_o that_o sincerity_n and_o respect_n to_o those_o learned_a author_n that_o none_o of_o they_o shall_v have_v any_o just_a ca●●t_n to_o complain_v of_o any_o partiality_n and_o therefore_o i_o have_v as_o near_o as_o i_o can_v confine_v myself_o to_o the_o word_n of_o those_o author_n as_o you_o will_v find_v by_o the_o quotation_n in_o the_o margin_n but_o i_o must_v own_v that_o have_v have_v the_o happiness_n of_o a_o long_a and_o familiar_a acquaintance_n with_o mr._n petyt_n i_o have_v be_v furnish_v by_o he_o with_o divers_a authority_n both_o manus●●●p_n and_o print_v not_o hitherto_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o any_o on_o this_o subject_a and_o have_v i_o the_o like_a opportunity_n of_o be_v personal_o know_v to_o the_o dr_n i_o shall_v have_v desire_v the_o same_o favour_n of_o 〈◊〉_d for_o such_o reply_v as_o he_o may_v perhaps_o make_v to_o they_o therefore_o all_o i_o can_v now_o do_v in_o this_o case_n be_v that_o if_o the_o dr._n or_o any_o friend_n of_o he_o shall_v think_v it_o worth_a their_o while_n to_o peruse_v and_o impartial_o to_o consider_v these_o discourse_n and_o shall_v then_o remain_v unsatisfied_a with_o any_o of_o the_o authority_n or_o argument_n here_o make_v use_n of_o if_o either_o he_o or_o they_o shall_v think_v fi●_n to_o m●●●_n any_o observation_n on_o they_o and_o will_v communicate_v their_o paper_n to_o the_o publisher_n of_o these_o dialogue_n i_o do_v here_o engage_v to_o take_v care_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v fair_o and_o true_o publish_v with_o answer_n to_o they_o if_o they_o will_v admit_v of_o any_o in_o a_o appendix_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o whole_a work_n when_o it_o be_v finish_v i_o have_v little_o more_o to_o trouble_v you_o with_o than_o to_o assure_v you_o that_o all_o the_o authority_n here_o make_v use_n of_o from_o our_o english_a historian_n and_o record_n be_v true_o cite_v without_o leave_v out_o or_o conceal_v any_o thing_n that_o i_o think_v make_v for_o or_o against_o either_o opinion_n but_o as_o for_o the_o record_n they_o be_v either_o such_o as_o have_v be_v sufficient_o try_v have_v pass_v for_o current_n between_o the_o dr_n and_o his_o antagonist_n or_o else_o such_o as_o i_o have_v see_v and_o examine_v with_o my_o own_o eye_n and_o consider_v the_o purport_n of_o they_o but_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v pardon_v i_o if_o i_o seem_v too_o prolix_a in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o dis●●●se_n in_o the_o interpretation_n of_o divers_a word_n and_o phrase_n use_v by_o the_o dr._n and_o his_o opponent_n in_o a_o quite_o different_a sense_n from_o our_o ancient_a historian_n record_n and_o statute_n for_o if_o the_o ●●●ous_a use_n and_o equivocal_a meaning_n of_o those_o expression_n be_v true_o state_v and_o lay_v open_a according_a to_o the_o several_a age_n in_o which_o those_o author_n live_v or_o such_o law_n be_v make_v i_o reck●●_n this_o great_a dispute_n as_o good_a as_o half_o end_v all_o that_o i_o shall_v far_o desire_v of_o you_o be_v careful_o and_o diligent_o to_o peruse_v the_o argument_n and_o authority_n and_o to_o examine_v the_o truth_n of_o they_o yourself_o if_o you_o doubt_v of_o any_o thing_n in_o they_o weigh_v and_o compare_v historian_n with_o historian_n and_o record_v with_o record_n and_o sometime_o both_o together_o as_o the_o subject-matter_n require_v and_o then_o i_o keep_v you_o will_v be_v able_a to_o make_v a_o right_a and_o impartial_a judgement_n on_o the_o 〈◊〉_d for_o as_o i_o have_v 〈◊〉_d in_o my_o province_n fair_o to_o report_v other_o man_n argument_n and_o notion_n so_o it_o be_v you_o to_o judge_v of_o they_o which_o i_o hearty_o desire_n may_v be_v without_o any_o unjust_a bias_n or_o partiality_n to_o 〈◊〉_d side_n the_o six_o dialogue_n between_o mr._n freeman_n a_o gentleman_n and_o mr._n meanwell_n a_o civilian_n m._n sir_n you_o be_v welcome_a and_o since_o you_o be_v please_v to_o send_v i_o word_n that_o you_o will_v come_v and_o sit_v with_o i_o this_o evening_n i_o have_v be_v look_v over_o all_o the_o saxon_a council_n collect_v by_o mr._n lambard_n and_o sir_n h._n spelman_n and_o yet_o i_o can_v find_v in_o they_o any_o mention_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n or_o burgess_n for_o city_n or_o burrough_n the_o only_a person_n there_o mention_v as_o member_n of_o those_o great_a council_n be_v archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n and_o great_a lord_n and_o judge_n often_o call_v by_o the_o general_a 〈◊〉_d name_n of_o magnates_n principes_fw-la proceres_fw-la optimates_fw-la or_o primate_fw-la regni_fw-la which_o be_v all_o comprehend_v under_o the_o saxon_a word_n wites_n i._n e._n 〈◊〉_d g._n by_o who_o as_o sir_n h._n spelman_n show_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_n 〈◊〉_d mean_v only_a senator_n or_o wiseman_n that_o be_v either_o nobleman_n 〈◊〉_d great_a lawyer_n wite_v in_o somner_n saxon_a dictionary_n be_v first_o ●●endred_v optimas_fw-la 67._o a_o noble_a man_n and_o than_o sapiens_fw-la a_o wiseman_n so_o 〈◊〉_d these_o wite_n or_o sapientes_fw-la so_o often_o mention_v in_o our_o ancient_a 〈◊〉_d law_n when_o they_o be_v put_v alone_o sparsim_fw-la signify_v all_o the_o ecclesiastic_a 〈◊〉_d well_o as_o lay-member_n of_o the_o great_a council_n such_o as_o earl_n aldermen_z and_o thanes_z and_o judges_z as_o dr._n b._n more_o particular_o prove_v in_o his_o glossary_a 〈◊〉_d the_o end_n of_o his_o first_o volume_n but_o by_o principes_fw-la and_o optimates_fw-la can_v only_o be_v mean_v noble_n or_o chief_a man_n as_o the_o word_n princeps_fw-la magnas_fw-la and_o optimas_fw-la do_v al●●ys_n signify_v in_o the_o latin_a tongue_n that_o be_v to_o say_v such_o of_o the_o king_n be_v great_a officer_n noblemen_z and_o judge_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o he_o please_v to_o choose_v out_o and_o 〈◊〉_d to_o his_o great_a council_n either_o for_o their_o great_a wisdom_n or_o estate_n to_o make_v 〈◊〉_d of_o their_o advice_n and_o assistance_n for_o the_o make_n of_o law_n therefore_o pray_v show_v i_o where_o there_o be_v any_o commons_o once_o mention_v in_o any_o of_o these_o council_n 10._o or_o any_o that_o represent_v they_o here_o be_v indeed_o particular_o mention_v arch-bishop_n bishop_n abbot_n alderman_n wites_z great-man_n and_o chief-man_n or_o nobleman_n these_o be_v all_o the_o order_n of_o man_n that_o be_v then_o the_o constituent_a 〈◊〉_d of_o those_o great_a council_n wittenagemotes_a and_o if_o the_o commons_o as_o now_o take_v and_o understand_v be_v then_o member_n of_o they_o they_o must_v be_v comprehend_v among_o the_o wites_z or_o sapientes_fw-la the_o wiseman_n but_o that_o it_o can_v probable_o be_v so_o i_o shall_v prove_v 1_o that_o most_o of_o the_o saxon_a law_n in_o their_o preface_n be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v and_o ordain_v by_o their_o king_n

far_o confirm_v by_o several_a undeniable_a authority_n wherein_o by_o the_o communitas_fw-la populi_n must_v be_v understand_v not_o the_o community_n of_o the_o people_n or_o commons_o but_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o to_o give_v you_o a_o answer_n why_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la can_v not_o comprehend_v all_o sort_n of_o people_n among_o the_o saxon_n as_o it_o do_v among_o the_o roman_n but_o only_o the_o nobility_n who_o be_v then_o properly_z speaking_z the_o only_a freeman_n be_v this_o that_o none_o but_o the_o nobility_n possess_v any_o land_n in_o fee-simple_n all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n then_o call_v cheorl_n folk_n hold_v they_o in_o villanage_n under_o their_o lord_n or_o thanes_z be_v no_o better_a than_o mere_a villain_n or_o costager_n and_o who_o be_v all_o bind_v to_o the_o good_a behaviour_n every_o ten_o family_n be_v bind_v one_o for_o another_o in_o the_o sheriff_n tear_v or_o court_n of_o franc-pledge_a under_o their_o head_n or_o ten_o man_n call_v the_o tythingman_n who_o be_v to_o answer_v for_o they_o so_o that_o the_o common_a people_n of_o england_n be_v not_o such_o a_o free_a people_n nor_o have_v any_o share_n in_o the_o government_n as_o some_o suppose_v there_o be_v i_o believe_v no_o such_o person_n as_o our_o yeoman_n or_o farrier_n in_o those_o day_n f._n though_o perhaps_o this_o law_n may_v very_o well_o be_v transcribe_v from_o some_o old_a cop●●_n of_o king_n aethelbert_n law_n not_o now_o extant_a and_o in_o which_o there_o may_v be_v the_o word_n thanes_z instead_o of_o baronibus_fw-la which_o be_v but_o a_o translation_n of_o it_o in_o the_o sense_n i●_n which_o it_o be_v use_v not_o long_o after_o the_o conquest_n nor_o be_v it_o true_a which_o you_o affirm_v that_o the_o word_n barones_n be_v never_o in_o use_n before_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n in_o ancient_a charter_n as_o i_o shall_v prove_v to_o you_o by_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n edgar_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n contain_v a_o confirmation_n of_o their_o ancient_a charter_n and_o privilege_n collect_v 〈◊〉_d the_o aforesaid_a sulcardus_n 7._o a_o monk_n of_o westminster_n as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o cottonian_a library_n the_o charter_n itself_o be_v long_o but_o conclude_v thus_o in_o concilio_n habito_fw-la infra_fw-la basilicam_fw-la westmonast_n praesidente_fw-la 〈◊〉_d filio_fw-la svo_fw-la edwardo_n &_o archiepo_n dunstano_n &_o universis_fw-la episcop●●_n &_o baronibus_fw-la suis_fw-la where_o you_o may_v see_v that_o the_o word_n be_v not_o unknown_a before_o the_o time_n of_o william_n i._o and_o i_o can_v give_v you_o more_o instance_n of_o other_o king_n charter_n where_o the_o same_o word_n be_v use_v before_o the_o conquest_n be_v it_o worth_a the_o while_n to_o trouble_v you_o with_o they_o and_o so_o likewise_o populus_fw-la for_o people_n or_o folk_n in_o the_o saxon_a yet_o take_v it_o as_o you_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v write_v not_o long_o before_o the_o time_n hoveden_n write_v his_o history_n which_o be_v above_o 80_o year_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o this_o author_n or_o whoever_o else_o add_v this_o passage_n to_o this_o law_n about_o tithe_n do_v then_o suppose_v that_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n then_o use_v the_o people_n have_v representative_n in_o those_o assembly_n which_o i_o shall_v prove_v from_o your_o own_o sense_n of_o these_o word_n for_o if_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la signify_v here_o another_o sort_n of_o man_n different_a from_o the_o lord_n than_o this_o word_n populus_fw-la mus_fw-la necessary_o signify_v some_o that_o be_v commons_o and_o not_o lord_n by_o your_o own_o concession_n and_o who_o also_o must_v represent_v other_o beside_o themselves_o but_o it_o be_v high_o improbable_a that_o by_o this_o word_n populus_fw-la shall_v be_v mean_v the_o communitas_fw-la angliae_fw-la or_o the_o communitas_fw-la baronum_fw-la for_o then_o since_o the_o word_n baronum_n will_v have_v include_v all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la both_o great_a and_o small_a to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v the_o word_n populus_fw-la have_v be_v add_v at_o all_o therefore_o i_o be_o so_o far_o from_o believe_v this_o way_n of_o express_v the_o several_a estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o have_v be_v a_o monkish_a blunder_n as_o you_o suppose_v that_o ●t_a be_v rather_o a_o common_a and_o ordinary_a way_n of_o expression_n among_o the_o writer_n of_o those_o time●_n as_o well_o in_o record_n as_o history_n who_o then_o very_o well_o know_v the_o people_n or_o commons_o to_o be_v a_o estate_n or_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n quite_o different_a from_o the_o lord_n and_o in_o which_o sense_n it_o be_v recite_v in_o a_o ancient_a charter_n of_o king_n john_n that_o he_o be_v divorce_v the_o new_a queen_n be_v crown_v 33._o de_fw-fr communi_fw-la assensu_fw-la &_o concordi_fw-la voluntate_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la comitum_fw-la baronum_fw-la cleri_fw-la &_o p●puli_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la where_o by_o clerus_fw-la it_o be_v plain_a must_v be_v mean_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n represent_v by_o their_o proxy_n in_o this_o great_a synod_n or_o parliament_n and_o by_o populus_fw-la be_v understand_v the_o people_n or_o commons_o likewise_o present_a by_o their_o representative_n or_o else_o the_o word_n clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la have_v be_v idle_a tantology_n in_o this_o record_n and_o in_o the_o like_a sense_n it_o be_v also_o use_v by_o matt._n paris_n 223._o in_o the_o 9th_o of_o hen_n iii_o presentibus_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la cum_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la regionis_fw-la where_o this_o author_n make_v a_o plain_a distinction_n between_o the_o magnate_v and_o the_o populus_fw-la which_o have_v be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a if_o the_o word_n magnates_n will_v have_v comprehend_v all_o your_o great_a or_o less_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o i_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n proceed_v to_o that_o great_a synod_n or_o council_n that_o be_v call_v by_o king_n edward_n the_o elder_a anno_fw-la dom._n 905._o and_o be_v mention_v by_o simeon_n of_o durham_n and_o other_o author_n quote_v by_o archbishop_n parker_n the_o compiler_n of_o the_o british_a antiquity_n in_o these_o word_n plegmundus_n cantuariensis_n archiepiscopus_fw-la ●●●_o cum_fw-la rege_fw-la magnifico_n cognominato_fw-la edwardo_n seniore_fw-la consilium_fw-la magnum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la fidelium_fw-la procerum_fw-la &_o populorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n convocavit_fw-la which_o synod_n or_o council_n be_v call_v to_o divide_v the_o large_a diocese_n of_o winchester_n and_o sherbarn_n into_o five_o other_o as_o i_o have_v already_o tell_v you_o where_o you_o may_v plain_o see_v the_o word_n fidelium_fw-la &_o populorum_fw-la put_v distinct_a from_o the_o word_n proceres_fw-la if_o we_o take_v that_o word_n to_o signify_v only_o the_o great_a nobility_n i_o shall_v now_o conclude_v with_o a_o few_o word_n in_o reply_n to_o your_o answer_n why_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la can_v not_o among_o the_o saxon_n take_v in_o all_o sort_n of_o people_n as_o well_o as_o among_o the_o roman_n for_o i_o can_v take_v it_o as_o a_o satisfactory_a answer_n for_o these_o reason_n 1._o because_o though_o i_o shall_v grant_v that_o the_o vulgar_a sort_n of_o people_n be_v great_a slave_n than_o they_o be_v now_o and_o that_o they_o have_v no_o hereditary_a property_n in_o their_o estate_n but_o at_o the_o will_n of_o their_o lord_n yet_o do_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n or_o else_o villain_n as_o now_o understand_v since_o nitardus_fw-la tell_v we_o in_o the_o place_n above_o mention_v that_o there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o people_n among_o the_o saxon_n edelingi_n friling●_n &_o lazzi_n i_o e._n gentleman_n or_o nobleman_n freeman_n and_o slave_n or_o villain_n and_o this_o middle_a sort_n of_o man_n may_v also_o possess_v land_n in_o allodio_n or_o free-tenure_n though_o they_o do_v also_o depend_v upon_o other_o great_a man_n for_o protection_n and_o seem_v to_o be_v those_o who_o be_v after_o the_o conquest_n call_v in_o doomsday_n book_n 56._o commendate_n i._n e._n such_o who_o though_o they_o live_v under_o the_o protection_n and_o within_o the_o district_n of_o some_o great_a man_n lord_n or_o patron_n yet_o as_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n tell_v we_o be_v free_a both_o as_o to_o their_o person_n and_o estate_n not_o as_o swear_v to_o or_o hold_v of_o any_o but_o the_o king_n and_o beside_o these_o there_o be_v also_o great_a body_n of_o man_n in_o city_n and_o burgh_n town_n and_o those_o very_a considerable_a for_o estate_n and_o other_o riches_n who_o though_o not_o noble_o bear_v and_o yet_o be_v freeman_n it_o be_v but_o reasonable_a that_o they_o shall_v have_v their_o representative_n in_o parliament_n as_o well_o as_o the_o former_a m._n i_o shall_v not_o at_o present_a

lord_n or_o peer_n of_o parliament_n and_o that_o the_o rest_n be_v the_o lesser_a or_o low_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la sometime_o style_v barones_n minores_fw-la be_v for_o some_o time_n before_o this_o summon_v by_o general_a writ_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n or_o bailiff_n as_o appear_v by_o king_n john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la 18._o now_o whether_o these_o man_n be_v ever_o real_o peer_n or_o not_o i_o have_v reason_n to_o doubt_v since_o i_o do_v not_o find_v but_o it_o be_v they_o alone_a who_o for_o some_o year_n after_o the_o conquest_n serve_v upon_o jury_n in_o county_n court_n and_o dispatch_v all_o the_o public_a business_n of_o the_o country_n which_o be_v then_o as_o at_o this_o day_n a_o drudgery_n beneath_o the_o peer_n to_o perform_v and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o insist_v upon_o it_o but_o thus_o much_o i_o think_v be_v certain_a that_o they_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o person_n much_o above_o any_o other_o layman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n since_o they_o hold_v their_o estate_n immediate_o from_o the_o king_n and_o be_v so_o considerable_a as_o that_o by_o the_o constitution_n of_o clarendon_n they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v excommunicate_v without_o the_o king_n leave_n and_o so_o be_v then_o in_o some_o sort_n of_o the_o same_o order_n ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la with_o the_o great_a baron_n or_o peer_n be_v common_o style_v barones_n and_o make_v up_o but_o one_o estate_n or_o order_n of_o layman_n in_o parliament_n and_o from_o thence_o i_o suppose_v proceed_v that_o common_a error_n of_o sir_n ed._n coke_n that_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o do_v ancient_o sit_v together_o and_o make_v but_o one_o house_n now_o if_o you_o have_v any_o thing_n to_o object_n against_o this_o notion_n pray_v let_v i_o hear_v it_o f._n i_o think_v you_o and_o i_o be_v come_v pretty_a near_o a_o issue_n in_o this_o question_n for_o you_o confess_v that_o these_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o who_o you_o comprise_v under_o the_o word_n barones_n be_v not_o true_o and_o proper_o baron_n and_o so_o far_o you_o be_v in_o the_o right_n but_o yet_o you_o will_v have_v they_o to_o be_v somewhat_o more_o than_o mere_a commoner_n as_o if_o there_o have_v be_v some_o degree_n or_o order_n of_o man_n in_o england_n in_o those_o time_n who_o be_v neither_o lord_n nor_o commons_o but_o a_o amphibious_a race_n between_o both_o but_o to_o prove_v that_o they_o be_v indeed_o no_o more_o than_o commoner_n and_o not_o lord_n nor_o pee●s_n at_o all_o nor_o equal_a with_o they_o we_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o their_o way_n of_o trial_n in_o case_n of_o treason_n or_o felony_n which_o be_v by_o mere_a commoner_n who_o be_v not_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o well_o as_o those_o that_o be_v so_o that_o a_o person_n who_o be_v no_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o may_v serve_v upon_o a_o jury_n of_o life_n and_o death_n upon_o they_o and_o as_o well_o as_o the_o dr._n in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n as_o you_o assert_v that_o they_o only_o serve_v in_o the_o country_n upon_o all_o jury_n and_o that_o before_o the_o time_n of_o king_n john_n so_o after_o all_o this_o noise_n of_o none_o but_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la appear_v for_o the_o whole_a commons_o of_o england_n we_o find_v by_o your_o own_o show_v that_o three_o part_n in_o four_o of_o the_o lay_v member_n of_o that_o council_n be_v as_o mere_a commoner_n as_o our_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o five_o port_n at_o this_o day_n nor_o can_v i_o see_v any_o reason_n why_o these_o latter_a may_v not_o be_v as_o well_o comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n barones_n as_o the_o former_a who_o be_v mere_a commoner_n likewise_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v neither_o nobility_n nor_o birth_n nor_o the_o king_n writ_n of_o summons_n but_o only_o the_o mere_a tenure_n of_o their_o land_n that_o give_v they_o a_o particular_a right_n to_o a_o place_n in_o that_o assembly_n in_o those_o age_n or_o if_o a_o mere_a citizen_n can_v get_v money_n enough_o to_o purchase_v such_o a_o estate_n in_o capite_fw-la he_o be_v as_o good_a a_o member_n of_o parllament_n as_o the_o best_a of_o they_o all_o so_o that_o the_o question_n than_o amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o this_o whether_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n be_v then_o represent_v by_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o by_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o other_o as_o they_o be_v now_o but_o since_o you_o will_v have_v none_o commoner_n but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o have_v have_v place_n therein_o pray_v tell_v i_o whether_o you_o allow_v that_o privilege_n to_o all_o who_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la or_o not_o m._n yes_o i_o allow_v it_o to_o all_o who_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight_n service_n and_o who_o also_o enjoy_v a_o whole_a knight_n fee_n or_o so_o much_o as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o render_v they_o able_a to_o sustain_v the_o dignity_n of_o that_o place_n not_o but_o that_o the_o king_n have_v also_o a_o prerogative_n of_o summon_v or_o omit_v who_o of_o they_o he_o please_v to_o his_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n till_o the_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la think_v it_o a_o wrong_n to_o they_o it_o be_v provide_v by_o king_n john_n charter_n that_o all_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v summon_v by_o one_o general_n write_v of_o summons_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n but_o i_o exclude_v from_o this_o council_n all_o tenant_n by_o petit_n serjeanty_n who_o tho_o it_o be_v true_a hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la yet_o be_v it_o not_o by_o knight_n service_n so_o likewise_o i_o exclude_v all_o city_n and_o town_n though_o the_o citizen_n or_o burgess_n of_o divers_a of_o they_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o tenement_n by_o that_o tenure_n since_o be_v neither_o noble_a by_o blood_n nor_o have_v estate_n sufficient_a to_o maintain_v the_o port_n of_o a_o gentleman_n or_o knight_n they_o have_v no_o right_a to_o appear_v there_o in_o person_n among_o the_o other_o tenant_n who_o be_v owner_n of_o one_o or_o more_o knight_n fe_n yet_o do_v i_o not_o affirm_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v not_o after_o some_o sort_n represent_v in_o parliament_n by_o their_o superior_a lord_n deim_fw-ge though_o not_o as_o commoner_n since_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o baron_n do_v then_o make_v law_n and_o give_v tax_n not_o only_o for_o themselves_o but_o their_o feudatory_a tenant_n also_o though_o of_o never_o so_o great_a estate_n and_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o the_o only_a true_a freehold_a of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o tenant_n by_o it_o as_o the_o only_a true_a freeholder_n f._n i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o the_o falsity_n of_o this_o notion_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n pray_v tell_v i_o when_o a_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n be_v call_v who_o represent_v those_o person_n who_o you_o say_v do_v not_o appear_v there_o and_o make_v general_a law_n and_o grant_v general_n tax_n for_o themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n when_o there_o be_v occasion_n for_o i_o see_v you_o shut_v out_o the_o great_a part_n even_o of_o these_o your_o true_a freeholder_n from_o this_o assembly_n m._n as_o for_o the_o tenant_n in_o petit_n serjeanty_n i_o at_o present_a conceive_v though_o i_o be_o not_o sure_a of_o it_o that_o many_o of_o they_o may_v hold_v land_n and_o perhaps_o divers_a knight_n fee_n by_o grand_a serjeanty_n or_o knight_n service_n also_o since_o those_o estate_n which_o be_v give_v by_o the_o conqueror_n to_o his_o servant_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o by_o such_o and_o such_o petit_fw-fr service_n may_v in_o process_n of_o time_n fall_v by_o purchase_n or_o descent_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o such_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o have_v sufficient_a estate_n to_o maintain_v that_o dignity_n and_o as_o for_o the_o rest_n they_o may_v for_o aught_o as_o i_o know_v before_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la have_v be_v tax_v by_o the_o king_n writ_n according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o knight_n fee_n or_o part_n of_o knight_n fee_n which_o they_o then_o hold_v and_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o the_o sum_v impose_v in_o parliament_n either_o by_o way_n of_o aid_n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n or_o else_o by_o way_n of_o subsidy_n by_o so_o much_o a_o yard_n or_o plough_v land_n throughout_o all_o england_n which_o have_v be_v the_o only_a way_n of_o tax_v ever_o since_o that_o of_o knight_n fee_n have_v be_v disuse_v f._n then_o i_o find_v after_o all_o you_o have_v say_v that_o scarce_o half_a your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o vote_n in_o prrliament_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o representative_n and_o so_o have_v law_n make_v for_o they_o and_o be_v tax_v at_o the_o king_n will_n be_v as_o

errant_a slave_n and_o vassal_n notwithstanding_o their_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o mean_a person_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v tax_v as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o at_o the_o will_n of_o his_o superior_a lord_n which_o whether_o so_o great_a and_o powerful_a a_o body_n of_o man_n will_v ever_o have_v suffer_v i_o leave_v to_o any_o indifferent_a person_n to_o judge_v m._n i_o grant_v this_o may_v now_o appear_v somewhat_o hard_o yet_o since_o it_o be_v the_o receive_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v not_o then_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o grievance_n and_o it_o be_v then_o no_o more_o unjust_a than_o it_o be_v now_o that_o person_n under_o forty_o shilling_n a_o year_n though_o of_o never_o so_o good_a estate_n in_o money_n or_o stock_n or_o that_o tenant_n for_o year_n or_o for_o the_o life_n of_o another_o shall_v at_o this_o day_n have_v no_o vote_n at_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o consequent_o be_v without_o any_o representative_n in_o parliament_n of_o their_o own_o choice_n and_o yet_o be_v subject_a to_o all_o law_n and_o tax_n though_o never_o so_o great_a when_o make_v and_o impose_v by_o the_o king_n in_o parliament_n and_o i_o be_o able_a to_o give_v you_o divers_a good_a authority_n to_o prove_v that_o even_o london_n itself_o and_o all_o other_o city_n and_o town_n which_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o be_v call_v his_o demesne_n be_v often_o tax_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n out_o of_o parliament_n before_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la and_o i_o think_v dr._n b._n have_v prove_v this_o beyond_o exception_n in_o his_o animadversion_n upon_o mr._n a_n jani_fw-la anglorum_fw-la facies_fw-la no●e_fw-la and_o he_o there_o give_v we_o the_o record_n itself_o of_o 39_o hen._n iii_o now_o in_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o king_n remembrancer_n of_o the_o exchequer_n that_o the_o king_n do_v that_o year_n as_o he_o have_v divers_a time_n before_o talliate_v or_o tax_v all_o his_o demesne_n land_n in_o england_n and_o then_o likewise_o demand_v of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n the_o sum_n of_o 3000_o mark_n in_o name_n of_o the_o talliage_n or_o tax_n so_o lay_v and_o the_o mayor_n and_o citizen_n at_o last_o yield_v after_o a_o great_a contest_v it_o appear_v upon_o search_n of_o the_o roll_n in_o the_o ezchequer_n that_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n have_v be_v several_a time_n before_o so_o tax_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o king_n john_n and_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o so_o they_o pay_v at_o last_o the_o sum_n which_o the_o king_n demand_v by_o which_o you_o see_v that_o the_o great_a and_o rich_a city_n and_o town_n in_o england_n be_v tax_v at_o the_o king_n will_n nay_o i_o think_v i_o be_o able_a to_o prove_v be_v it_o now_o necessary_a that_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v often_o tax_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n only_o before_o the_o grant_n of_o king_n john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la above_o mention_v but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o matter_n from_o which_o you_o force_v i_o to_o digress_v i_o think_v nothing_o be_v more_o plain_a than_o that_o our_o ancient_a parliament_n be_v only_o the_o king_n court_n baron_n for_o the_o dispatch_n of_o the_o public_a affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o in_o which_o as_o in_o the_o lesser_a court_n baroa_n or_o court_n of_o manor_n the_o suitor_n or_o tenant_n be_v together_o with_o the_o lord_n or_o his_o steward_n the_o sole_a judge_n so_o that_o at_o first_o after_o the_o conquest_n it_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n alone_o as_o the_o supreme_a lord_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o appoint_v or_o call_v which_o or_o what_o sort_n of_o those_o tenant_n be_v please_v to_o attend_v he_o with_o their_o aid_n and_o advice_n at_o his_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o i_o think_v nothing_o be_v more_o evident_a as_o i_o shall_v prove_v more_o at_o large_a from_o our_o ancient_a history_n record_n and_o statute_n then_o that_o before_o the_o 49th_o hen._n iii_o and_o some_o year_n also_o after_o that_o time_n none_o but_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o great_a baron_n and_o some_o of_o the_o less_o call_v in_o king_n john_n charter_n the_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la then_o constitute_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o parliament_n under_o ●he_n title_n of_o baronagium_fw-la angliae_fw-la or_o communitas_fw-la or_o universitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o for_o this_o i_o can_v give_v you_o so_o good_a authority_n that_o nothing_o but_o more_o cogent_n and_o evident_a proof_n can_v bring_v i_o from_o this_o opinion_n and_o therefore_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o i_o do_v not_o value_v those_o loose_a and_o inconsiderate_a expression_n of_o historian_n either_o before_o or_o after_o that_o time_n f._n i_o see_v the_o testimony_n of_o historian_n be_v of_o no_o credit_n if_o they_o make_v against_o your_o hypothesis_n but_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o your_o mistake_v about_o the_o king_n tax_v anon_o but_o the_o main_a force_n of_o your_o argument_n lie_v in_o the_o signification_n of_o those_o latin_a word_n you_o have_v last_o mention_v and_o which_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o i_o think_v you_o take_v in_o too_o strict_a a_o sense_n 108._o for_o first_o as_o to_o the_o word_n baro_n i_o grant_v it_o be_v not_o much_o in_o use_n before_o william_n i._o obtain_v the_o english_a diadem_n baro_n say_v camden_n britanni_n pro_fw-la svo_fw-la non_fw-la agnoscum_fw-la in_o anglosaxonicis_a legibus_fw-la nusquam_fw-la comparet_fw-la 121._o nec_fw-la in_o a●frici_fw-la glossario_fw-la saxonico_n inter_fw-la dignitatum_fw-la vocabula_fw-la habetur_fw-la for_o the_o english_a saxon_n call_v those_o in_o their_o own_o language_n aealderman_n which_o in_o latin_a be_v name_v comites_fw-la and_o by_o the_o dane_n earl_n but_o it_o be_v of_o so_o extensive_a a_o import_n in_o its_o signification_n that_o we_o read_v of_o aldermani_fw-la regis_fw-la aldermani_fw-la comitatus_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v you_o alderman_n so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o strict_a sense_n of_o this_o word_n we_o have_v whole_a regiment_n of_o earl_n who_o title_n seldom_o if_o at_o all_o descend_v hereditary_a till_o the_o confessor_n time_n and_o after_o william_n i._o the_o saxon_a word_n aealderman_n and_o thegnes_fw-la begin_v to_o be_v change_v and_o in_o the_o room_n of_o aldermanni_n &_o thani_n we_o find_v comites_fw-la &_o barones_n as_o in_o all_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o history_n nor_o be_v the_o word_n barones_n only_o take_v in_o those_o day_n for_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o also_o for_o the_o inferior_a baron_n or_o free_a tenant_n which_o hold_v great_a estate_n of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o king_n by_o certain_a service_n and_o to_o who_o the_o great_a lord_n or_o earl_n as_o sir_n h._n spelman_n show_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_n title_n baro_n often_o direct_v their_o charter_n 70._o barombus_fw-la &_o fidelibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la tam_fw-la francis_n quam_fw-la anglis_fw-la and_o we_o there_o also_o read_v some_o quotation_n from_o the_o old_a book_n of_o ramsey_n abby_n wherein_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o church_n of_o ramsey_n as_o also_o the_o milites_fw-la and_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la thereof_o be_v particular_o mention_v all_o which_o as_o this_o learned_a author_n tell_v we_o non_fw-la de_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la sunt_fw-la intelligenda_fw-la sid_n de_fw-fr vassallis_n feodalibus_fw-la note_n scil_n melioris_fw-la and_o the_o same_o author_n say_v a_o little_a low_o that_o baron_n be_v often_o take_v pro_fw-la liberè_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la in_o genere_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la tam_fw-la in_o soccagio_fw-it quam_fw-la per_fw-la servitium_fw-la militare_fw-la m._n what_o then_o do_v you_o suppose_v that_o all_o the_o freeholder_n in_o england_n by_o whatsoever_o tenure_n they_o hold_v appear_v in_o person_n in_o parliament_n before_o the_o time_n sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n and_o dr._n b._n assign_v for_o the_o summon_n of_o the_o commons_o to_o parliament_n at_o this_o rate_n every_o yeoman_n or_o petty_a freeholder_n be_v a_o baron_n so_o that_o this_o assembly_n may_v then_o consist_v of_o above_o 50_o or_o 60_o thousand_o person_n since_o spot_n in_o his_o chronicle_n tell_v we_o that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n reserve_v to_o himself_o the_o service_n of_o about_o 60000_o knight_n fee_n which_o by_o the_o time_n i_o suppose_v may_v have_v be_v divide_v into_o many_o more_o lesser_a one_o 19_o by_o co-heirship_a or_o by_o sale_n and_o otherwise_o parcel_v out_o by_o the_o king_n licence_n into_o half-knighs-fee_n three_o part_n of_o fee_n four_o part_n of_o fee_n eight_o part_n sixteen_o twenty_o thirty_o and_o forty_o part_n of_o fee_n and_o so_o have_v be_v increase_v into_o as_o many_o more_o and_o these_o beside_o the_o tenant_n in_o

destrain_v for_o the_o escuage_z so_o assess_v by_o parliament_n or_o in_o some_o case_n they_o may_v have_v the_o king_n be_v write_v direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o same_o county_n etc._n etc._n to_o l●vy_a such_o escuage_n for_o they_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o register_n but_o if_o either_o king_n john_n or_o king_n hen._n iii_o grant_v writ_n to_o levy_v escuage_z upon_o the_o under-tenant_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la without_o their_o own_o consent_n in_o parliament_n this_o aught_o to_o be_v no_o more_o cite_v as_o a_o precedent_n than_o any_o other_o illegal_a act_n commit_v by_o those_o king_n since_o as_o our_o record_n and_o history_n tell_v we_o it_o be_v such_o illegal_a proceed_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o baron_n war_n and_o it_o be_v express_o against_o the_o word_n of_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n which_o you_o have_v now_o quote_v viz._n nullum_fw-la se●●agium_fw-la vel_fw-la auxilium_fw-la p●nam_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la so_o that_o notwithstanding_o all_o you_o have_v yet_o say_v it_o do_v not_o appear_v to_o i_o how_o scutage_n when_o give_v as_o a_o tax_n upon_o knight_n ●ees_v alone_o and_o to_o be_v levy_v not_o only_o from_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la themselves_z but_o their_o under-tenant_n as_o also_o from_o the_o tenant_n of_o they_o who_o though_o they_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la yet_o hold_v not_o by_o knight_n service_n such_o as_o be_v the_o tenant_n in_o pe●●y_a serjeanty_n and_o those_o who_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o chief_a as_o of_o several_a honour_n and_o not_o of_o hi●_n crown_n as_o in_o capite_fw-la can_v ever_o charge_v such_o tenant_n without_o their_o consent_n give_v either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o lawful_a representative_n much_o less_o can_v your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la tax_n or_o charge_v such_o as_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la themselves_z viz._n those_o abbot_n and_o prior_n who_o hold_v land_n in_o right_a of_o their_o monastery_n in_o franc_n alm●igne_n and_o who_o together_o with_o their_o tenant_n make_v at_o least_o two_o three_o part_n of_o all_o the_o abby-land_n in_o england_n as_o also_o tax_v those_o who_o not_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n at_o all_o but_o by_o tenure_n in_o socage_n or_o fee_n farm_n do_v not_o hold_v their_o land_n as_o knight_n fee_n and_o therefore_o can_v never_o be_v tax_v by_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o so_o many_o knight_n fee_n or_o part_n thereof_o and_o braecton_n who_o live_v at_o this_o very_a time_n have_v distinguish_v to_o no_o purpose_n between_o those_o common_a service_n which_o all_o tenant_n owe_v their_o lord_n and_o the_o general_a tax_n or_o charge_n impose_v by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n 37._o the_o word_n be_v very_o remarkable_a pray_v read_v they_o sunt_fw-la quaedam_fw-la commune_v praestationes_fw-la quae_fw-la seru●cis_fw-la non_fw-la di●u●i●●_n nec_fw-la de_fw-la consu●tudine_fw-la ven●um_fw-la nisi_fw-la cum_fw-la necessita●_n intervenerit_fw-la vel_fw-la cum_fw-la parliament_n rex_fw-la venorit_fw-la sicut_fw-la sunt_fw-la hidagia_fw-la corraag●●_n carvagia_n &_o alia_fw-la plura_fw-la de_fw-la necessitate_v &_o ex_fw-la consensu_fw-la communi_fw-la torius_fw-la regni_fw-la introducta_fw-la &_o quae_fw-la ad_fw-la dominum_fw-la fe●di_fw-la non_fw-la pertinent_a and_o therefore_o i_o can_v see_v any_o reason_n why_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v ever_o have_v power_n to_o lay_v a_o general_a tax_n upon_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n not_o the_o ten_o part_n of_o which_o do_v then_o hold_v of_o they_o by_o knight_n service_n so_o that_o nothing_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o than_o that_o there_o be_v we_o our_o ancient_a historian_n tell_v we_o a_o distinct_a court_n which_o be_v hold_v ancient_o three_o time_n every_o year_n viz._n at_o easter_n whitsuntide_n and_o christmas_n and_o then_o the_o king_n be_v attend_v by_o all_o the_o bishop_n great_a lord_n 131._o and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o this_o be_v call_v curis_n or_o concilium_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o if_o any_o difference_n of_o right_n do_v arise_v between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o tenant_n or_o between_o tenant_n and_o tenant_n here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v hear_v and_o determine_v and_o many_o other_o thing_n be_v there_o u●ted_v and_o do_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o king_n baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o but_o under_o favour_n this_o be_v not_o the_o commune_fw-la consillum_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o parliament_n as_o we_o now_o call_v it_o for_o the_o king_n hold_v this_o court_n ex_fw-la more_n or_o by_o custom_n without_o any_o summons_n as_o simon_n of_o durham_n and_o florence_n of_o worcester_n and_o divers_a other_o writer_n of_o the_o life_n of_o our_o first_o norman_a king_n do_v show_v we_o but_o when_o they_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la 680._o their_o expression_n after_o and_o then_o they_o say_v that_o rex_fw-la ascivi_fw-la as_o it_o be_v in_o ordericus_n vitalis_n exit_fw-la praecepro_fw-la regn_n convenerunt_fw-la or_o as_o e●●merus_n rex_fw-la sanctione_n sua_fw-la adunavit_fw-la and_o mat._n westminster_n of_o late_a time_n take_v notice_n of_o this_o union_n or_o meet_v of_o this_o c●ria_n or_o assembly_n of_o tenant_n in_o capit_fw-la together_o with_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n in_o his_o history_n of_o hen._n iii_o where_o relate_v how_o the_o king_n again_o confirm_v the_o great_a charter_n in_o a_o parliament_n anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 1252._o be_v the_o 37_o the_o of_o his_o reign_n he_o have_v these_o word_n in_o quindene_a paschae_n adunato_fw-la magno_fw-la parliamento_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o that_o it_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o this_o unite_n of_o the_o great_a or_o whole_a parliament_n must_v be_v understand_v the_o conjunction_n of_o both_o council_n together_o and_o therefore_o when_o this_o council_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o thus_o meet_v ex_fw-la more_fw-mi take_v upon_o they_o assess_v escuage_z and_o transact_v other_o matter_n of_o consequence_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o often_o fail_v to_o appear_v at_o these_o court_n or_o assembly_n hold_v ex_fw-la more_fw-it it_o be_v then_o and_o not_o before_o express_o provide_v by_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n that_o escuage_z shall_v not_o be_v assess_v for_o the_o future_a without_o summons_n or_o notice_n give_v of_o it_o to_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o have_v right_a to_o be_v there_o m._n i_o see_v you_o will_v fain_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v a_o council_n or_o assembly_n of_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la distinct_a from_o the_o parliament_n and_o which_o meet_v ex_fw-la more_fw-it and_o that_o these_o be_v the_o person_n who_o be_v by_o this_o charter_n to_o assemble_v for_o the_o assess_n of_o escuage_z which_o be_v a_o mere_a precarious_a hypothesis_n nor_o can_v you_o or_o those_o from_o who_o you_o borrow_v this_o notion_n make_v it_o out_o from_o any_o good_a authority_n for_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o barones_n regis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la be_v the_o same_o person_n and_o that_o usual_o the_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o what_o quality_n soever_o do_v repair_v to_o the_o king_n court_n at_o christmas_n easter_n 113._o and_o whitsunday_n do_v appear_v to_o have_v be_v the_o custom_n of_o those_o time_n from_o the_o testimony_n of_o our_o ancient_a historian_n but_o to_o prove_v by_o example_n out_o of_o the_o author_n you_o yourself_o have_v make_v use_n of_o that_o the_o bishop_n great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v then_o alone_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 20._o pray_v read_v eadmerus_n speak_v thus_o celebratum_fw-la est_fw-la concilium_fw-la in_o ecclesiâ_fw-la beati_fw-la peiri_n in_fw-la occidentali_fw-la par●e_fw-la juxta_fw-la l●n●inum_fw-la sita_fw-la communi_fw-la consens●●_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la &_o principum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o bui●_n conventui_fw-la assuerunt_fw-la primate_fw-la regni_fw-la utriu●que_fw-la ondinis_fw-la and_o at_o this_o meeting_n be_v present_a the_o prime_a man_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o both_o order_n in_o this_o council_n the_o bishop_n and_o baron_n be_v call_v the_o principal_a or_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o these_o be_v all_o the_o king_n baron_n they_o all_o hold_v of_o he_o in_o capite_fw-la and_o so_o do_v all_o the_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o likewise_o in_o another_o meeting_n under_o this_o king_n hen._n ●_o when_o archbishop_n anselm_n be_v to_o give_v his_o answer_n to_o the_o king_n according_a ●o_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o of_o anselm_n 69._o that_o in_o pascha_fw-la ad_fw-la curiam_fw-la venit_fw-la communis_fw-la concilii_fw-la vocem_fw-la unam_fw-la

it_o be_v manifest_a that_o at_o those_o time_n the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v hold_v and_o from_o this_o also_o as_o from_o the_o former_a instance_n that_o the_o barones_n principes_fw-la &_o optimates_fw-la &_o mayres_z regni_n do_v at_o those_o great_a feast_n pro_fw-la more_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n frequent_v the_o king_n court_n and_o be_v the_o only_a person_n that_o constitute_v that_o great_a assembly_n f._n but_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o interrupt_v you_o a_o little_a do_v not_o i_o tell_v you_o but_o now_o that_o the_o king_n do_v often_o convene_v the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o meet_v the_o bishop_n great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la at_o one_o of_o these_o feast_n 130._o and_o so_o it_o may_v be_v a_o assembly_n ex_fw-la more_fw-it in_o respect_n of_o they_o but_o extraordinary_a to_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o this_o often_o happen_v at_o other_o time_n as_o well_o as_o at_o these_o feast_n according_a as_o the_o king_n occasion_n require_v when_o all_o the_o other_o be_v summon_v on_o purpose_n m._n i_o have_v already_o answer_v that_o objection_n and_o grant_v it_o may_v be_v so_o it_o do_v not_o prove_v it_o be_v so_o but_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o tell_v i_o what_o you_o can_v say_v to_o this_o expression_n in_o the_o authority_n i_o have_v now_o make_v use_n of_o from_o eadmerus_n regnum●ombre_fw-fr convenit_fw-la which_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o most_o general_a council_n when_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n then_o meet_v at_o the_o king_n court_n so_o that_o your_o small_a criticism_n upon_o the_o word_n adunato_fw-la conventu_fw-la or_o concilio_n as_o if_o they_o signify_v this_o union_n or_o conjunction_n of_o two_o council_n into_o one_o be_v but_o a_o mere_a pancy_z of_o your_o author_n those_o word_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o gather_n or_o meet_v together_o of_o all_o the_o person_n that_o constitute_v that_o assembly_n as_o appear_v by_o these_o word_n in_o eadmerus_n adlinatis_fw-la without_o either_o praecepto_fw-la or_o sanctione_n regis_fw-la ad_fw-la curiam_fw-la e●us_fw-la in_o pascha_fw-la terrae_fw-la principibus_fw-la 90._o i._n e._n the_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o nation_n be_v at_o his_o court_n at_o ●aster_n but_o as_o for_o your_o main_a instance_n of_o king_n john_n resigning_n his_o crown_n to_o the_o ●ope_n in_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o not_o of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o confess_v it_o be_v very_o considerable_a if_o it_o be_v true_a for_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o in_o all_o the_o charter_n of_o this_o king_n resignation_n the_o word_n you_o mention_v viz._n communi_fw-la concitio_fw-la baronum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la ●re_n insert_v yet_o it_o can_v not_o be_v a_o great_a council_n since_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v at_o that_o time_n summon_v to_o appear_v in_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n of_o france_n i._n yet_o it_o be_v a_o military_a summons_n for_o the_o gather_v together_o of_o a_o army_n and_o not_o for_o the_o meeting_n o_o a_o great_a council_n and_o the_o five_o proscribe_a bishop_n be_v in_o france_n and_o the_o baron_n that_o side_v with_o they_o flee_v beyond_o sea_n and_o not_o dare_v to_o appear_v so_o that_o this_o resignation_n have_v be_v execute_v before_o so_o small_a ●_o number_n of_o baron_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o witness_n to_o it_o viz._n but_o two_o bishop_n the_o chief_a justidiary_n seven_o earl_n and_o three_o baron_n without_o subjoyn_v &_o aliu_fw-la episcopis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la or_o &_o communitate_fw-la or_o ●ota_fw-la communitate_fw-la it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v any_o more_o present_a so_o that_o this_o can_v not_o be_v such_o a_o council_n as_o be_v constitute_v by_o king_n john_n charter_n that_o be_v it_o be_v not_o a_o parliamentary_a council_n or_o general_a representative_a of_o the_o whole_a nation_n and_o therefore_o the_o parliament_n in_o the_o 40th_o of_o edw._n iii_o may_v very_o well_o say_v the_o resignation_n be_v make_v without_o their_o assent_n and_o so_o i_o think_v this_o great_a argument_n of_o you_o come_v to_o nothing_o f._n pray_v do_v not_o triumph_v before_o the_o victory_n for_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o prove_v notwithstanding_o what_o you_o have_v say_v that_o this_o be_v a_o real_a common_a council_n of_o the_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o which_o king_n john_n resign_v his_o crown_n 234._o though_o not_o of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o i_o prove_v thus_o first_o it_o appear_v by_o all_o our_o historian_n that_o king_n john_n have_v just_a before_o summon_v all_o the_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n whoever_o they_o be_v and_o of_o whosoever_o they_o hold_v to_o appear_v in_o arm_n which_o make_v so_o vast_a a_o army_n that_o after_o all_o the_o ordinary_a rabble_n be_v send_v home_o matt._n parls_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o knight_n esquire_n and_o freeman_n that_o stay_v behind_o make_v a_o army_n of_o 60_o thousand_o man_n who_o be_v encamp_v at_o barham_n down_o not_o far_o from_o dover_n where_o this_o resignation_n be_v execute_v so_o that_o this_o be_v almost_o as_o great_a a_o meeting_n as_o that_o at_o run_v mead_n not_o long_o after_o the_o king_n may_v very_o well_o have_v summon_v at_o least_o a_o great_a council_n of_o all_o his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o countenance_v this_o resignation_n and_o that_o he_o do_v do_v so_o the_o charter_n itself_o say_v express_o which_o have_v it_o be_v otherwise_o will_v have_v appear_v a_o notorious_a lie_n to_o the_o whole_a world_n nor_o do_v your_o objection_n to_o the_o contrary_n prove_v considerable_a first_o you_o say_v this_o be_v only_o a_o military_a summons_n and_o not_o to_o a_o common_a council_n yet_o such_o a_o one_o as_o be_v constitute_v by_o this_o king_n charter_n which_o sure_o can_v not_o be_v at_o this_o time_n when_o that_o charter_n be_v not_o yet_o make_v till_o the_o year_n after_o before_o which_o you_o grant_v that_o the_o great_a council_n may_v have_v meet_v without_o the_o 40_o day_n summons_n express_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o meeting_n and_o if_o they_o can_v meet_v ex_fw-la more_fw-it as_o you_o grant_v this_o council_n do_v at_o the_o great_a feast_n of_o the_o year_n without_o any_o summons_n at_o all_o sure_o they_o may_v as_o well_o meet_v now_o on_o such_o a_o exigency_n the_o king_n have_v it_o be_v true_a summon_v they_o at_o first_o upon_o another_o occasion_n but_o say_v you_o there_o be_v so_o small_a a_o number_n of_o baron_n at_o this_o meeting_n that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n neither_o do_v i_o say_v it_o be_v but_o the_o contrary_a but_o how_o do_v it_o appear_v it_o be_v not_o why_o say_v you_o five_o of_o the_o bishop_n be_v then_o flee_v into_o france_n and_o a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o baron_n of_o their_o party_n the_o latter_a be_v not_o true_a in_o fact_n few_o or_o none_o of_o the_o baron_n side_v with_o these_o bishop_n but_o as_o for_o the_o bishop_n what_o if_o five_o be_v absent_a be_v there_o not_o enough_o leave_v to_o have_v make_v a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la well_o but_o there_o be_v but_o two_o bishop_n present_a and_o seven_o earl_n and_o three_o baron_n as_o appear_v by_o their_o name_n at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o charter_n without_o any_o mention_n of_o more_o or_o of_o the_o whole_a community_n be_v there_o a_o special_a reason_n as_o if_o no_o more_o can_v be_v present_a at_o this_o assembly_n than_o who_o name_n be_v to_o it_o by_o this_o rule_n the_o great_a charter_n of_o king_n john_n and_o 9_o the_o of_o hen._n 3._o be_v not_o make_v in_o a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n for_o there_o be_v no_o witness_n name_n express_v at_o the_o end_n of_o they_o it_o be_v true_a at_o the_o begin_n of_o these_o charter_n it_o be_v say_v they_o be_v do_v by_o the_o council_n of_o certain_a bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n which_o yet_o be_v but_o a_o very_a few_o more_o of_o all_o sort_n then_o there_o be_v mention_v at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n resignation_n so_o that_o this_o appearance_n of_o the_o bishop_n earls_z baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v mere_o precarious_a for_o if_o more_o may_v very_o well_o have_v be_v there_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a they_o be_v notwithstanding_o the_o paucity_n of_o the_o witness_n to_o this_o charter_n since_o those_o be_v add_v only_o for_o form_n sake_n and_o be_v common_o those_o who_o be_v near_a the_o throne_n when_o the_o seal_n be_v put_v to_o it_o i_o confess_v your_o first_o objection_n be_v

indeed_o if_o the_o word_n have_v be_v milites_fw-la &_o libere_fw-la t●n●ntes_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la you_o have_v say_v somewhat_o but_o otherwise_o it_o be_v all_o mere_a supposition_n without_o any_o ground_n but_o pray_v go_v on_o to_o the_o last_o wo●ds_n in_o this_o charter_n &_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la what_o can_v they_o mean_v ●ut_v that_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n give_v this_o fifteen_o by_o their_o lawful_a representative_a m._n if_o you_o do_v not_o like_o our_o sense_n of_o these_o word_n milites_fw-la and_o libere_fw-la terentes_fw-la i_o can_v help_v it_o nor_o shall_v i_o dispute_v they_o long_o with_o you_o but_o as_o for_o this_o last_o clause_n in_o the_o charter_n 65._o &_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la it_o only_a mean_n all_o these_o who_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o general_a in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o when_o our_o ancient_a historian_n mention_v regnum_fw-la &_o s●cerdotium_n by_o regnum_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v both_o the_o temporal_a and_o spiritual_a baron_n great_a and_o small_a the_o king_n justice_n or_o any_o other_o that_o exercit_v any_o share_n or_o ministerial_a part_n of_o the_o government_n as_o perhaps_o all_o those_o di●_n one_o way_n or_o other_o by_o come_v to_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o word_n of_o the_o quadri_fw-la parti●e_v history_n concern_v thom●s_n becket_n thus_o rex_fw-la apud_fw-la clarendun_v regnum_fw-la convo_fw-la a●_n universum_fw-la quò_fw-la come_v venis●_n ut_fw-la prasules_a &_o proceres_fw-la etc._n etc._n i._n e._n the_o whole_a baronage_n call_v together_o by_o the_o king_n writ_n or_o a_o full_a meeting_n of_o the_o spiritual_a and_o temporal_a baron_n both_o great_a and_o small_a i_o pray_v also_o remember_v that_o passage_n you_o yourself_o make_v use_v of_o but_o now_o out_o of_o mat._n paris_n whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v that_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v distinct_a from_o that_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la because_o that_o after_o the_o curia_n hold_v at_o christmas_n the_o king_n immediate_o issue_v out_o his_o writ_n command_a omnibus_fw-la ad_fw-la regnum_fw-la spectantibus_fw-la to_o appear_v at_o london_n and_o yet_o you_o see_v there_o be_v no_o more_o mention_v to_o be_v summon_v than_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n and_o baron_n 65._o so_o that_o we_o may_v hence_o learn_v the_o true_a meaning_n of_o these_o word_n omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o charter_n for_o these_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o omnes_fw-la ad_fw-la regnum_fw-la spectantes_fw-la in_o mat._n paris_n the_o regnum_fw-la or_o government_n the_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o totalis_fw-la regni_fw-la universitas_fw-la the_o insluita_fw-la nobilium_fw-la multitudo_fw-la and_o also_o give_v we_o the_o meaning_n of_o those_o word_n omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o the_o 19_o the_o henry_n the_o three_o dor._n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o somersershie_n scias_n quod_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la toto_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la etc._n etc._n concesserunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o be_v further_o explain_v by_o a_o writ_n in_o the_o same_o roll_n about_o the_o same_o business_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o sussex_n which_o you_o have_v likewise_o cite_v begin_v thus_o 8._o sciatis_fw-la quod_fw-la arohiepiscopi_n episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la angliae_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capire_n nobis_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n here_o the_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la be_v the_o omnes_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenant_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la which_o be_v then_o all_o the_o regnum_fw-la or_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la so_o likewise_o it_o may_v be_v far_o prove_v from_o a_o record_n of_o the_o 48_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o 5._o rex_fw-la omnibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n cum_fw-la venerabiles_fw-la patres_fw-la g._n e._n eborum_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o alii_fw-la praelati_fw-la magnates_fw-la milites_fw-la libere_fw-la tenentes_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nobis_fw-la nuper_fw-la in_o articulo_fw-la necessitati●_n servitium_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la &_o sulisidium_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o i_o may_v also_o put_v you_o in_o mind_n of_o the_o writ_n i_o cite_v but_o now_o direct_v archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la etc._n etc._n comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la aliis_fw-la de_fw-la comi●aru_n kanciae_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o the_o lew_v of_o forty_o shilling_n upon_o every_o knight_n he_o in_o that_o country_n now_o this_o writ_n can_v not_o be_v direct_v to_o all_o the_o man_n in_o kent_n but_o to_o all_o such_o as_o pay_v scutage_n for_o not_o a_o forty_o part_n of_o they_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o military_a service_n so_o that_o these_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la and_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la comitatus_fw-la be_v the_o same_o one_o with_o the_o other_o and_o otherwise_o it_o can_v not_o be_v for_o by_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la or_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la the_o inhabitant_n in_o general_n can_v not_o be_v understand_v for_o they_o never_o be_v summon_v no_o not_o the_o hundred_o part_n of_o they_o to_o meet_v in_o great_a council_n for_o it_o be_v impossible_a they_o shall_v and_o perhaps_o not_o above_o a_o four_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n pay_v to_o this_o fifteen_o if_o we_o consider_v how_o many_o servant_n villain●_n bondman_n and_o many_o such_o people_n there_o be_v than_o in_o the_o nation_n that_o pay_v nothing_o f._n you_o have_v take_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n to_o perplex_v and_o darken_v word_n in_o themselves_o very_o clear_a and_o perspicuous_a for_o methinks_v it_o be_v a_o strange_a piece_n of_o confidence_n in_o your_o doctor_n when_o the_o charter_n say_v expresy_o that_o omnes_fw-la d●_n regno_fw-la all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n give_v this_o 15_o to_o restrain_v this_o act_n only_o to_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v but_o a_o few_o in_o comparison_n to_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n this_o be_v indeed_o to_o make_v word_n signify_v any_o thing_n he_o fancy_v but_o to_o answer_v your_o authority_n which_o be_v found_v all_o upon_o false_a supposition_n without_o any_o proof_n as_o to_o your_o authority_n from_o the_o quadrilogus_fw-la history_n of_o thomas_n b●ecket_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o praesules_fw-la and_o pr●ceres_fw-la be_v there_o call_v regnum_fw-la the_o kingdom_n but_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v at_o our_o last_o meet_v that_o this_o word_n proceres_fw-la be_v of_o so_o comprehensive_a signification_n that_o it_o take_v in_o all_o the_o principal_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o well_o those_o that_o be_v lord_n as_o those_o that_o be_v not_o so_o that_o the_o chief_a citizen_n and_o magistrate_n of_o our_o city_n and_o great_a town_n be_v often_o style_v proceres_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la civitatum_fw-la in_o our_o ancient_a historian_n and_o record_n and_o certain_o the_o great_a freeholders_n or_o knight_n of_o shire_n do_v much_o more_o just_o deserve_v that_o title_n as_o for_o the_o other_o passage_n out_o of_o mat._n paris_n where_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o baron_n be_v call_v omnes_fw-la ad_fw-la regnum_fw-la spectantes_fw-la this_o be_v but_o a_o general_a way_n of_o expression_n in_o this_o author_n and_o prove_v nothing_o for_o either_o the_o word_n barones_n take_v in_o all_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o it_o do_v not_o if_o the_o latter_a than_o this_o author_n do_v not_o exact_o recite_v all_o the_o order_n of_o man_n who_o yourself_o must_v acknowledge_v to_o have_v appear_v there_o since_o the_o great_a baron_n alone_o can_v never_o make_v this_o infinita_fw-la nobilium_fw-la multitudo_fw-la mention_v in_o this_o author_n if_o the_o former_a than_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o he_o thereby_o comprehend_v more_o than_o those_o who_o be_v real_o baron_n since_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o so_o nor_o be_v so_o much_o as_o call_v so_o in_o king_n john_n charter_n and_o then_o make_v the_o most_o of_o this_o word_n barones_n it_o may_v in_o a_o large_a and_o common_a acceptation_n take_v in_o all_o the_o chief_a freeholders_n or_o lord_n of_o manor_n which_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v be_v often_o call_v baron_n in_o our_o ancient_a historian_n and_o law_n of_o the_o first_o norman_n king_n and_o mr._n cambden_n tell_v we_o that_o under_o the_o word_n baronagium_n omnes_fw-la regni_fw-la ordines_fw-la continarentur_fw-la this_o i_o say_v suppose_v that_o by_o this_o infinita_fw-la nobilium_fw-la multitudo_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v all_o the_o chief_n gentry_n or_o freeholders_n of_o england_n call_v often_o nobilitas_fw-la angliae_fw-la as_o i_o have_v already_o make_v

council_n of_o all_o the_o laity_n be_v not_o summon_v at_o all_o and_o so_o vice_n versa_fw-la the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n often_o meet_v when_o the_o synod_n of_o the_o clergy_n be_v not_o convene_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o most_o ancient_a writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o bishop_n we_o have_v leave_v we_o as_o particular_o the_o first_o writ_n of_o this_o kind_n that_o be_v upon_o the_o roll_n viz._n that_o for_o the_o bishop_n which_o mr._n prin_fw-mi have_v print_v in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o his_o parliamentary_a register_n in_o the_o 6_o of_o k._n john_n 2._o and_o which_o i_o have_v cite_v from_o the_o drs._n answer_v against_o mr._n p._n at_o our_o last_o meeting_n in_o which_o writ_n though_o i_o grant_v there_o be_v a_o clause_n for_o summon_v the_o abbot_n and_o conventual_a prior_n yet_o there_o be_v none_o for_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n but_o in_o the_o next_o writ_n which_o the_o same_o author_n have_v likewise_o publish_v viz._n that_o to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n there_o there_o be_v no_o clause_n at_o all_o for_o summon_v any_o of_o the_o clergy_n as_o such_o 3._o though_o it_o be_v true_a there_o be_v underneath_o a_o eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la scribitur_fw-la omnibus_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la which_o show_v that_o this_o writ_n be_v not_o to_o summon_v they_o in_o their_o spiritual_a but_o temporal_a capacity_n so_o likewise_o in_o the_o next_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o parliament_n 5._o we_o have_v leave_v we_o on_o the_o roll_n which_o be_v cite_v in_o mr._n selden_n title_n of_o honour_n as_o also_o in_o the_o same_o parliamentary_a register_n and_o in_o dr._n b._n against_o mr._n p._n viz._n that_o of_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o to_o the_o bishop_n of_o duresme_fw-fr without_o any_o clause_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o clergy_n whether_o abbot_n or_o other_o so_o likewise_o in_o the_o next_o writ_n of_o summons_n that_o be_v leave_v we_o viz._n that_o of_o the_o 23d_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o publish_v also_o by_o mr._n prin_fw-mi to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n 6._o in_o which_o there_o be_v no_o clause_n of_o summon_v any_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o though_o there_o immediate_o follow_v another_o writ_n of_o the_o 23d_o of_o this_o king_n in_o which_o i_o grant_v there_o be_v this_o clause_n of_o praemunientes_fw-la priorem_fw-la etc._n etc._n viz._n the_o prior_n chapter_n and_o other_o of_o the_o clergy_n of_o his_o diocese_n to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n yet_o that_o they_o be_v no_o necessary_a part_n of_o it_o but_o only_o of_o the_o convocation_n appear_v by_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o bishop_n which_o mr._n prin_fw-mi have_v also_o give_v we_o in_o that_o chapter_n all_o which_o if_o you_o please_v to_o peruse_v you_o will_v find_v that_o in_o near_o 200_o writ_n to_o parliament_n or_o great_a council_n the_o clause_n of_o praemunientes_fw-la clerum_fw-la be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o scarce_o half_a of_o they_o which_o show_v that_o the_o summon_n or_o omit_v they_o depend_v whole_o upon_o the_o king_n pleasure_n and_o so_o be_v no_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n as_o you_o suppose_v they_o be_v under_o the_o first_o norman_n king_n for_o then_o sure_o they_o will_v not_o have_v be_v omit_v to_o have_v be_v constant_o summon_v in_o all_o parliament_n as_o well_o as_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n but_o to_o come_v to_o your_o next_o argument_n from_o the_o numerousness_n of_o these_o assembly_n which_o you_o say_v can_v not_o be_v proper_o call_v numerosa_fw-la or_o infinita_fw-la multitudo_fw-la whereas_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o well_o ecclesiastic_n as_o layman_n do_v not_o amount_v in_o all_o to_o 800_o there_o may_v be_v a_o allowance_n make_v for_o this_o to_o the_o monkish_a way_n of_o write_v of_o those_o time_n who_o may_v call_v such_o a_o great_a or_o more_o than_o ordinary_a assembly_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la a_o innumerable_a or_o infinite_a multitude_n when_o indeed_o they_o be_v but_o few_o more_o than_o our_o lord_n and_o commons_o be_v at_o this_o day_n f._n i_o pray_v sir_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v what_o you_o already_o say_v before_o you_o proceed_v any_o far_a because_o what_o i_o have_v to_o reply_v to_o it_o will_v be_v pretty_a long_a in_o the_o first_o place_n you_o can_v with_o any_o reason_n if_o you_o better_o consider_v of_o it_o deny_v that_o the_o clergy_n as_o well_o the_o superior_a as_o inferior_a do_v before_o your_o conquest_n as_o well_o as_o long_o after_o make_v but_o one_o assembly_n or_o body_n of_o a_o general_n council_n though_o sit_v in_o several_a place_n as_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o do_v at_o this_o day_n for_o the_o word_n in_o the_o old_a book_n of_o ely_n be_v adunato_fw-la concilio_n cleri_fw-la &_o populi_n which_o be_v to_o be_v render_v the_o council_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n be_v unite_v and_o join_v together_o as_o i_o already_o show_v this_o word_n adunato_fw-la do_v always_o signify_v as_o also_o by_o the_o confirmation_n of_o that_o charter_n of_o king_n william_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n and_o to_o which_o though_o a_o matter_n of_o mere_a temporal_a concernment_n all_o the_o clergy_n as_o well_o as_o laity_n give_v their_o joint_a consent_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o conclusion_n of_o that_o charter_n as_o also_o to_o that_o of_o k._n stephen_n but_o now_o cite_v which_o they_o can_v never_o have_v do_v have_v they_o not_o then_o make_v a_o part_n of_o the_o same_o general_a council_n or_o assembly_n have_v prove_v to_o you_o that_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n do_v ancient_o make_v a_o part_n of_o the_o general_n or_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o answer_v your_o objection_n it_o be_v true_a that_o for_o a_o great_a part_n of_o some_o king_n reign_n for_o want_v of_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o superior_a as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n we_o can_v certain_o tell_v though_o we_o may_v presume_v it_o from_o the_o general_a word_n of_o the_o historian_n whether_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n be_v summon_v or_o not_o yet_o this_o i_o think_v i_o may_v bold_o aver●_n that_o wherever_o any_o ancient_a author_n make_v mention_n of_o the_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la in_o general_n be_v present_a at_o any_o such_o common_a council_n it_o must_v necessary_o mean_v not_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n or_o the_o superior_a clergy_n alone_o or_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o but_o those_o and_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n both_o clergy_n and_o laity_n take_v together_o as_o i_o think_v i_o have_v sufficient_o make_v out_o nor_o be_v your_o objection_n considerable_a from_o that_o writ_n of_o the_o 6_o the_o of_o king_n john_n that_o no_o inferior_a clergy_n be_v summon_v because_o only_o the_o abbot_n and_o prior_n be_v mention_v at_o the_o end_n of_o it_o to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o grant_v it_o to_o be_v a_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v not_o yet_o prove_v the_o omission_n of_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n be_v summon_v be_v no_o cogent_a argument_n to_o prove_v they_o be_v not_o there_o since_o for_o aught_o as_o you_o and_o i_o know_v there_o may_v be_v other_o writ_n issue_v to_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n distinct_a from_o those_o to_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n which_o last_o use_v to_o have_v distinct_a writ_n to_o each_o by_o themselves_o and_o i_o may_v as_o well_o suppose_v these_o writ_n to_o be_v lose_v as_o you_o do_v that_o all_o the_o general_a writ_n to_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v no_o baron_n and_o yet_o be_v to_o be_v all_o summon_v according_a to_o king_n johns_n charter_n be_v all_o lose_v and_o as_o for_o the_o abbot_n and_o prior_n mention_v at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o writ_n of_o king_n johns_n they_o be_v such_o as_o hold_v only_o in_o capite_fw-la or_o else_o such_o as_o do_v not_o if_o the_o former_a this_o may_v be_v only_o a_o council_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o none_o other_o of_o which_o i_o grant_v there_o be_v many_o hold_v in_o those_o time_n upon_o occasion_n of_o war_n scurage_n and_o other_o matter_n but_o if_o by_o these_o conventual_a abbot_n and_o prio●●_n summon_v by_o this_o writ_n you_o will_v mean_v all_o abbot_n and_o prior_n of_o whatever_o tenure_n than_o it_o appear_v plain_o that_o this_o great_a council_n consist_v of_o many_o other_o ecclesiastic_n than_o what_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la and_o if_o so_o why_o may_v not_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n as_o well_o make_v a_o part_n of_o it_o but_o as_o for_o your_o next_o authority_n the_o writ_n

translate_v 193._o the_o clergy_n and_o commons_o together_o with_o the_o nobility_n be_v summon_v and_o in_o 1_o of_o richard_n i._n r._n hoveden_n also_o tell_v we_o of_o a_o great_a council_n hold_v at_o pipewel_n abbey_n in_o northamptonshire_n where_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n produce_v a_o charter_n of_o king_n william_n i._o coram_fw-la rege_fw-la &_o universis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la and_o a_o ancient_a charter_n of_o primo_fw-la of_o king_n john_n now_o in_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n library_n entitle_v charta_fw-la moderationis_fw-la seod_fw-la magni_fw-la sigilli_fw-la recite_v the_o say_a king_n to_o have_v be_v crown_v mediante_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_n unanimi_fw-la consensu_fw-la &_o savore_fw-la and_o though_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o reign_n be_v turbulent_a 587._o yet_o the_o author_n of_o the_o manuscript_n eulogium_fw-la quote_v by_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n mention_n a_o great_a council_n at_o london_n in_o the_o 16_o the_o year_n of_o king_n john_n where_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n be_v present_a cum_fw-la toto_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la secta_fw-la laicali_fw-la i._n e._n say_v dr._n heylin_n in_o the_o same_o place_n the_o clergy_n of_o both_o rank_n and_o order_n with_o all_o the_o laity_n call_v here_o secta_fw-la laicalis_fw-la and_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o have_v then_o their_o place_n in_o parliament_n and_o the_o dr._n proceed_v thus_o and_o in_o possession_n of_o this_o right_a the_o clergy_n stand_v when_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v set_v forth_o by_o king_n henry_n the_o 3_o d._n wherein_o the_o freedom_n right_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n of_o which_o this_o evident_o be_v one_o be_v confirm_v to_o they_o i._n e._n the_o whole_a clergy_n in_o general_n i_o have_v here_o show_v you_o what_o dr._n heylins_n sense_n be_v to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o a_o person_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o a_o high_a churchman_n think_v it_o no_o heresy_n to_o be_v of_o our_o opinion_n and_o to_o maintain_v as_o he_o do_v all_o along_o in_o that_o chapter_n that_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o the_o commons_o be_v a_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n long_o before_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n 3_o d_o and_o that_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n continue_v to_o be_v so_o till_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o 4_o the_o at_o least_o but_o that_o their_o consent_n be_v also_o ancient_o ask_v in_o the_o make_n of_o law_n we_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o authority_n i_o have_v now_o give_v you_o from_o the_o continuation_n of_o florence_n of_o worcester_n and_o far_o that_o they_o be_v once_o a_o part_n of_o this_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n beside_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o modus_fw-la tenendi_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la who_o though_o he_o be_v explode_v as_o a_o ancient_a author_n yet_o certain_o be_v a_o good_a witness_n for_o his_o own_o time_n viz._n that_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o where_o the_o procuratores_fw-la cleri_fw-la be_v reckon_v among_o the_o constituent_a member_n or_o state_n of_o parliament_n which_o be_v also_o confirm_v by_o the_o two_o first_o writ_n of_o summons_n we_o have_v leave_v we_o on_o the_o roll_n viz._n the_o 23_o d_o of_o edward_n i._n where_o in_o this_o clause_n of_o praemun●entes_fw-la clerum_fw-la be_v particular_o express_v 155._o which_o pray_v read_v from_o your_o drs._n answer_n to_o mr._n p._n praemunientes_fw-la priorem_fw-la &_o capitulum_n ecclesiae_fw-la vestrae_fw-la archidiaconos_n totumque_fw-la clerum_fw-la vestrae_fw-la diocaesis_n facientes_fw-la quod_fw-la iidem_fw-la prio_fw-la &_o archidiac_n in_o propriis_fw-la personis_fw-la suis_fw-la &_o dictum_fw-la capitulum_n per_fw-la duos_fw-la procuratores_fw-la idoneos_fw-la plenam_fw-la &_o sufficientem_fw-la potestatem_fw-la ab_fw-la ipsis_fw-la capitulis_fw-la &_o clero_fw-la habentes_fw-la una_fw-la vobiscum_fw-la intersint_fw-la modis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la tunc_fw-la ibidem_fw-la ad_fw-la tractandum_fw-la ordinandum_fw-la &_o faciendum_fw-la nobiscum_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la coeteris_fw-la praelatis_fw-la &_o proceribus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la incolis_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la qualiter_fw-la sit_fw-la hujusae_fw-la modi_fw-la periculis_fw-la obviandum_fw-la viz._n the_o danger_n in_o the_o writ_n mention_v to_o be_v threaten_v from_o france_n and_o that_o this_o be_v not_o the_o first_o time_n this_o clause_n of_o praemunientes_fw-la be_v insert_v in_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o bishop_n may_v be_v easy_o prove_v have_v we_o all_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n before_o the_o 23_o d_o of_o edward_n i._o as_o well_o as_o since_o but_o we_o may_v hence_o observe_v that_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n be_v not_o only_o summon_v to_o treat_v with_o the_o prelate_n but_o be_v as_o well_o as_o they_o here_o authorise_v to_o treat_v ordain_v and_o act_n with_o they_o and_o the_o lord_n and_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n for_o so_o your_o dr._n himself_o here_o in_o the_o margin_n translate_v aliis_fw-la incolis_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o how_o they_o can_v thus_o consult_v and_o act_n with_o they_o if_o they_o have_v not_o bee●_n then_o as_o well_o as_o the_o prelate_n a_o part_n of_o the_o same_o body_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o confess_v surpass_v my_o capacity_n to_o understand_v nor_o be_v this_o clause_n find_v in_o this_o writ_n alone_o but_o be_v also_o in_o most_o other_o writ_n of_o the_o bishop_n summons_n to_o parliament_n as_o low_a as_o our_o own_o time_n and_o that_o these_o writ_n be_v not_o to_o convocation_n but_o parliament_n 120._o appear_v in_o pryn_n parliament_n register_n plain_o by_o the_o letter_n of_o procuration_n make_v by_o the_o prior_n and_o chapter_n of_o bath_n to_o william_n swynham_n and_o john_n de_fw-fr merston_n appoint_v they_o to_o appear_v and_o act_n for_o they_o as_o their_o lawful_a procurator_n in_o the_o parliament_n summon_v ann._n dom._n 1299._o be_v the_o 27_o the_o of_o edward_n i._n which_o be_v of_o a_o different_a form_n from_o another_o letter_n of_o procuration_n of_o the_o same_o prior_n and_o chapter_n ann._n dom._n 1295._o 231._o edward_n i._o to_o their_o procurator_n therein_o name_v to_o act_v for_o they_o in_o the_o convocation_n then_o summon_v at_o westminster_n the_o same_o difference_n be_v also_o observe_v in_o all_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o convocation_n different_a from_o those_o whereby_o the_o same_o person_n be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n the_o former_a be_v direct_v only_o to_o the_o two_o archbishop_n or_o their_o vicar_n general_n to_o summon_v all_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n and_o clergy_n of_o their_o respective_a province_n without_o any_o particular_a writ_n issue_v to_o any_o other_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n or_o clergyman_n as_o in_o summons_n to_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n wherein_o there_o be_v common_o particular_a order_n to_o the_o bishop_n to_o warn_v all_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n in_o the_o manner_n but_o now_o mention_v as_o mr._n pryn_n very_o well_o observe_v dorso_n in_o his_o first_o part_n of_o his_o say_a parliamentary_a register_n where_o you_o may_v see_v there_o be_v a_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o parliament_n of_o the_o 31_o sy_n edward_n 3_o d_o to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n recite_v that_o he_o intend_v a_o parliament_n for_o divers_a arduous_a and_o urgent_a business_n concern_v himself_o and_o crown_n and_o the_o necessary_a defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o church_n of_o england_n and_o then_o proceed_v thus_o et_fw-la quia_fw-la negotia_fw-la praedicta_fw-la perquam_fw-la ardua_fw-la sine_fw-la maxima_fw-la deliberatione_n tam_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la &_o cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la magnatum_fw-la &_o communitatis_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la regni_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o it_o behove_v he_o to_o summon_v the_o say_a clergy_n great_a man_n and_o commons_o and_o then_o require_v he_o to_o summon_v all_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o dean_n and_o prior_n and_o archdeacon_n to_o appear_v personal_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o clergy_n by_o two_o procurator_n with_o full_a power_n ad_fw-la tractandum_fw-la &_o consulendum_fw-la super_fw-la praemissis_fw-la una_fw-la vobiscum_fw-la ad_fw-la consentiendum_fw-la illis_fw-la quae_fw-la tunc_fw-la ibidem_fw-la super_fw-la dictis_fw-la negotiis_fw-la divina_fw-la savente_fw-la clementia_n contigerit_fw-la ordinari_fw-la m._n but_o what_o can_v you_o say_v to_o their_o be_v omit_v to_o be_v summon_v in_o divers_a writ_n to_o parliament_n as_o appear_v in_o pryn_n register_v you_o now_o cite_v and_o from_o whence_o himself_n have_v there_o make_v this_o observation_n 107._o that_o there_o be_v no_o clause_n of_o praemunientes_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o any_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o council_n of_o state_n but_o only_o to_o parliament_n and_o that_o not_o always_o but_o at_o the_o king_n pleasure_n which_o show_v plain_o that_o though_o they_o be_v sometime_o summon_v as_o a_o part_n yet_o be_v certain_o no_o essential_a constituent_a part_n of_o this_o general_a council_n since_o they_o be_v omit_v in_o so_o many_o of_o they_o

england_n and_o scotland_n there_o be_v no_o difference_n in_o point_n of_o privilege_n as_o to_o be_v tax_v or_o have_v voice_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n between_o the_o high_a nobility_n such_o as_o have_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n marquess_n and_o count_n and_o simple_a gentleman_n whereas_o in_o england_n it_o have_v be_v always_o otherwise_o at_o least_o since_o the_o conquest_n and_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n have_v by_o 〈◊〉_d tenor_n place_n as_o lord_n or_o peer_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o so_o make_v a_o distinct_a body_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n whereas_o in_o other_o country_n the_o high_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n be_v reckon_v as_o all_o one_o estate_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v but_o reason_n that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o inferior_a nobility_n or_o gentry_n shall_v have_v their_o representative_n in_o this_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n or_o otherwise_o they_o will_v have_v be_v as_o very_a vassal_n as_o to_o their_o estate_n to_o the_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o boor_n in_o germany_n or_o the_o paisant_n in_o france_n be_v to_o their_o lord_n by_o who_o they_o be_v tax_v a●_n their_o pleasure_n which_o they_o never_o be_v in_o england_n as_o we_o can_v find_v either_o from_o history_n or_o record_n so_o that_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o it_o be_v the_o municipal_a law_n of_o each_o kingdom_n or_o nation_n that_o must_v determine_v what_o be_v the_o govern_v part_n of_o the_o people_n in_o those_o country_n yet_o though_o that_o be_v not_o absolute_o the_o same_o in_o all_o of_o they_o as_o it_o be_v in_o england_n yet_o we_o find_v it_o so_o in_o the_o main_a and_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o city_n and_o town_n do_v sufficient_o assert_v the_o right_n of_o the_o plebian_n or_o common_a people_n who_o make_v the_o 3d_o estate_n in_o those_o great_a council_n but_o i_o must_v here_o except_v sweden_n in_o which_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o mere_a rustic_n or_o boor_n have_v always_o their_o own_o deputy_n in_o their_o diet_n as_o well_o as_o the_o city_n and_o town_n and_o if_o sweden_n have_v this_o privilege_n i_o can_v see_v why_o the_o english_a gentry_n and_o yeomanry_n who_o make_v but_o one_o body_n of_o commons_o may_v not_o have_v have_v the_o like_a till_o you_o can_v show_v i_o more_o sufficient_a proof_n to_o the_o contrary_n m_o well_o si●_n i_o shall_v consider_v of_o what_o you_o say_v but_o since_o it_o grow_v late_a that_o we_o may_v wind_v up_o this_o conversation_n as_o fast_o as_o we_o can_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o though_o i_o shall_v admit_v all_o that_o you_o have_v hitherto_o aver_v for_o truth_n and_o that_o we_o shall_v grant_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n to_o have_v be_v as_o ancient_a a_o part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n as_o any_o of_o the_o other_o two_o what_o be_v that_o to_o the_o main_a point_n in_o question_n between_o we_o viz_o that_o of_o nonresistance_a of_o the_o king_n upon_o any_o account_n whatsoever_o or_o how_o can_v you_o justsfie_v those_o of_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n for_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n and_o contribute_v so_o much_o as_o they_o have_v do_v to_o the_o drive_v he_o away_o and_o in_o bring_v thing_n to_o this_o confusion_n they_o be_v now_o in_o since_o let_v your_o constitution_n of_o great_a council_n and_o parliament_n be_v never_o so_o ancient_a let_v we_o also_o for_o once_o suppose_v they_o as_o you_o do_v to_o have_v a_o share_n in_o the_o legislative_a power_n of_o the_o nation_n yet_o how_o can_v this_o authorise_v they_o much_o less_o any_o private_a person_n out_o of_o parliament_n to_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n or_o those_o commission_v by_o he_o since_o the_o whole_a current_n both_o of_o common_a as_o well_o as_o statute-law_n run_v direct_o against_o you_o and_o all_o with_o one_o consent_n assert_v that_o the_o disposal_n of_o the_o militia_n or_o military_a force_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v be_v even_o so_o absolute_o in_o the_o king_n power_n and_o at_o his_o disposal_n that_o no_o man_n can_v without_o be_v guilty_a of_o treason_n take_v up_o arm_n whether_o offensive_a or_o defensive_a without_o his_o commission_n to_o authorise_v he_o to_o do_v it_o so_o that_o no_o government_n in_o the_o world_n be_v more_o averse_a to_o all_o forcible_a resistance_n than_o our_o own_o the_o king_n have_v be_v even_o from_o your_o time_n beyond_o memory_n so_o full_o possess_v of_o the_o whole_a militia_n or_o power_n of_o raise_v offensive_a or_o defensive_a arm_n in_o this_o kingdom_n that_o it_o be_v express_o forbid_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o seven_o ed._n i._o against_o come_v to_o parliament_n and_o treatise_n with_o force_n of_o arm_n in_o which_o the_o king_n set_v forth_o that_o in_o the_o last_o parliament_n the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o the_o commonalry_n in_o latin_a communitas_fw-la or_o body_n of_o the_o realm_n have_v say_v that_o to_o we_o i_o e._n to_o the_o king_n it_o belong_v and_o our_o part_n it_o be_v through_o our_o royal_a seigneury_n to_o defend_v that_o be_v in_o old_a french_a to_o forbid_v force_v of_o armour_n and_o all_o other_o force_n against_o our_o peace_n at_o all_o time_n when_o it_o shall_v please_v we_o and_o to_o punish_v they_o according_a to_o our_o law_n and_o usage_n of_o our_o realm_n and_o hereunto_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o aid_v we_o as_o their_o sovereign_a lord_n as_o oft_o as_o need_v shall_v be_v from_o whence_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o it_o be_v the_o king_n prerogative_n to_o forbid_v all_o manner_n of_o arm_n or_o arm_a force_n within_o the_o realm_n so_o that_o no_o man_n can_v lawful_o arm_v himself_o without_o his_o authority_n and_o this_o be_v further_a confirm_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 25_o ed._n the_o three_o concern_v treason_n wherein_o it_o be_v declare_v without_o any_o except_a case_n to_o the_o contrary_a that_o to_o levy_v war_n against_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n in_o this_o realm_n or_o to_o be_v adherent_a to_o the_o king_n enemy_n in_o his_o realm_n give_v they_o aid_n or_o comfort_n in_o the_o realm_n or_o elsewhere_o be_v treason_n and_o sir_n edward_n coke_n upon_o this_o statute_n say_v thus_o that_o this_o be_v high_a treason_n before_o by_o the_o common_a law_n for_o no_o subject_n can_v levy_v war_n within_o the_o realm_n without_o authority_n from_o the_o king_n and_o if_o any_o man_n levy_n war_n to_o expulse_v stranger_n to_o deliver_v man_n out_o of_o prison_n to_o remove_v wicked_a councillor_n or_o against_o any_o statute_n or_o to_o any_o other_o end_n pretend_v reformation_n on_o their_o own_o head_n without_o warrant_n this_o be_v levy_v of_o war_n against_o the_o king_n because_o they_o take_v upon_o they_o royal_a authority_n from_o which_o statute_n as_o also_o from_o your_o own_o oracle_n sir_n ed._n coke_n be_v interpretation_n of_o it_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o it_o be_v not_o only_a treason_n to_o make_v war_n against_o the_o king_n person_n but_o to_o take_v arm_n to_o make_v any_o reformation_n or_o alteration_n in_o church_n or_o state_n without_o the_o king_n authority_n nor_o can_v any_o subject_n of_o england_n justify_v the_o take_a arm_n upon_o any_o account_n whatsoever_o unless_o it_o be_v by_o the_o king_n commission_n and_o therefore_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o england_n in_o the_o case_n of_o dr._n story_n report_n who_o be_v execute_v for_o treason_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n do_v with_o one_o consent_n agree_v that_o the_o very_a consultation_n concern_v make_v war_n against_o the_o queen_n shall_v be_v interpret_v a_o make_v war_n against_o her_o person_n and_o suppose_v a_o design_n against_o her_o life_n so_o that_o nothing_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o than_o that_o by_o the_o ancient_n as_o well_o as_o modern_a law_n of_o england_n all_o defensive_a as_o well_o as_o offensive_a arm_n be_v express_o forbid_v and_o condemn_v f._n i_o think_v i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o make_v out_o notwithstanding_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v that_o all_o resistance_n of_o the_o king_n or_o those_o commission_v by_o ●im_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v treason_n as_o you_o suppose_v that_o it_o be_v every_o man_n duty_n to_o oppose_v he_o in_o case_n he_o go_v about_o to_o set_v up_o instead_o of_o a_o legal_a monarchy_n a_o tyrannical_a arbitrary_a power_n in_o this_o nation_n since_o this_o be_v but_o to_o preserve_v the_o original_a constitution_n of_o parliament_n which_o in_o some_o case_n can_v be_v maintain_v without_o such_o a_o resistance_n be_v allow_v but_o to_o proceed_v to_o the_o authority_n you_o bring_v from_o our_o statute_n as_o for_o the_o first_o you_o urge_v

from_o that_o seven_o edward_n the_o first_o i_o think_v that_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n do_v the_o business_n for_o which_o you_o design_v it_o for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n this_o be_v only_a declaration_n of_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o land_n that_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n to_o defend_v i._n e._n forbid_v all_o force_n of_o arm_n but_o mark_v sir_n what_o force_n sure_o it_o be_v only_o mean_v of_o such_o force_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n prerogative_n to_o forbid_v viz._n force_n of_o arm_n against_o the_o public_a peace_n and_o such_o as_o he_o may_v punish_v according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o usage_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o therefore_o the_o statute_n express_o declare_v that_o as_o subject_n they_o be_v hereunto_o bind_v aid_v he_o their_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n at_o all_o time_n when_o need_n shall_v be_v but_o do_v this_o act_n any_o where_o say_v that_o he_o have_v a_o irresistible_a power_n to_o disturb_v this_o peace_n by_o his_o own_o private_a illegal_a commission_n or_o that_o any_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o assist_v he_o in_o it_o or_o because_o for_o example_n he_o have_v authority_n to_o punish_v all_o man_n according_a to_o law_n that_o shall_v come_v to_o parliament_n with_o force_n of_o arm_n that_o therefore_o he_o have_v a_o unlimited_a power_n of_o raise_v what_o force_n he_o will_v and_o in_o prison_v or_o destroy_v the_o whole_a parliament_n if_o he_o please_v and_o that_o no_o bod●_n may_v resist_v he_o if_o he_o have_v go_v about_o so_o to_o do_v the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v if_o the_o 〈◊〉_d shall_v notorious_o and_o insupportable_o by_o force_n invade_v all_o the_o civil_a liber●●●●_n and_o property_n of_o his_o subject_n by_o levy_v tax_n and_o take_v away_o the●r_v estate_n by_o downright_a force_n contrary_a to_o law_n now_o can_v any_o body_n in_o his_o sense_n believe_v that_o the_o act_n of_o 25_o of_o ed._n 3._o be_v make_v to_o prevent_v all_o resistance_n of_o su●h_n tyrannical_a violence_n and_o that_o the_o resistance_n of_o those_o force_n whether_o foreign_a or_o domestic_a that_o may_v be_v send_v by_o the_o king_n be_v private_a commissioner_n to_o murder_n or_o enslave_v we_o be_v make_v war_n against_o his_o person_n or_o that_o it_o come_v within_o any_o of_o the_o case_n express_v in_o that_o statute_n and_o therefore_o can_v fall_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o sir_n edw._n coke_n comment_n upon_o this_o statute_n all_o the_o offence_n therein_o specify_v being_n ●_z at_o common_a law_n before_o that_o statute_n be_v make_v nor_o be_v the_o reformation_n there_o mention_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o a_o just_a and_o necessary_a defence_n of_o our_o life_n liberty_n religion_n and_o property_n as_o settle_v and_o establish_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o make_v war_n against_o a_o weak_a or_o seduce_a king_n but_o be_v rather_o in_o defence_n of_o he_o and_o the_o government_n by_o oppose_a tyranny_n which_o will_v certain_o bring_v both_o he_o and_o we_o to_o ruin_n at_o last_o so_o the_o reformation_n he_o there_o mention_n be_v only_o to_o be_v be_v understand_v of_o such_o insurrection_n and_o rebellion_n as_o have_v be_v make_v under_o the_o mere_a pretence_n of_o religion_n or_o obtain_v great_a liberty_n for_o the_o common_a sort_n of_o people_n than_o they_o have_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n such_o as_o be_v the_o rebellion_n of_o wat_n tyler_n in_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o and_o mortimer_n in_o h●●ry_a the_o 6_o reign_v not_o to_o mention_v the_o other_o rebellion_n raise_v by_o the_o papist_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o edward_n the_o six_o and_o queen_n elizabeth_n reign_n all_o which_o be_v begin_v by_o seditious_a or_o superstitious_a man_n be_v certain_o rank_a rebellion_n and_o so_o be_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v esteem_v by_o all_o good_a subject_n m._n i_o grant_v these_o pretence_n seem_v very_o fair_a and_o specious_a yet_o notwithstanding_o this_o your_o pretend_a right_n or_o a_o necessity_n of_o resistance_n of_o the_o king_n or_o those_o commission_v by_o he_o in_o case_n of_o tyranny_n have_v be_v still_o look_v upon_o as_o rebellion_n in_o all_o age_n and_o the_o actor_n deal_v with_o according_o where_o ever_o they_o be_v take_v f._n i_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o as_o long_o as_o arbitrary_a and_o tyrannical_a prince_n can_v get_v the_o better_a of_o it_o and_o keep_v the_o power_n in_o their_o own_o hand_n they_o still_o execute_v for_o traitor_n whosoever_o oppose_v or_o resist_v their_o wicked_a and_o unjust_a action_n though_o they_o be_v never_o so_o near_a relation_n to_o they_o thus_o both_o edward_n and_o richard_n the_o second_o put_v their_o uncle_n the_o duke_n of_o lancaster_n and_o gloucester_n to_o death_n mere_o because_o they_o join_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n to_o prevent_v their_o design_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o man_n but_o the_o cause_n that_o make_v the_o traitor_n since_o prince_n be_v seldom_o without_o a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o judge_n and_o juryman_n to_o condemn_v whosoever_o they_o please_v to_o fall_v upon_o but_o that_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n of_o england_n have_v always_o assert_v this_o right_n of_o self-defence_n in_o case_n their_o liberty_n and_o property_n be_v unjust_o invade_v by_o the_o tyrannical_a or_o arbitrary_a practice_n of_o the_o king_n or_o those_o about_o he_o i_o think_v i_o can_v prove_v by_o give_v you_o the_o history_n of_o it_o in_o so_o many_o king_n since_o your_o conquest_n as_o will_v render_v it_o indisputable_a if_o you_o please_v to_o give_v i_o now_o the_o hear_n or_o else_o to_o defer_v it_o till_o the_o next_o time_n we_o meet_v m._n i_o confess_v i_o be_v so_o weary_a of_o sit_v up_o so_o long_o at_o our_o last_o conversation_n that_o i_o make_v a_o resolution_n not_o to_o do_v so_o any_o more_o and_o therefore_o since_o it_o grow_v late_a let_v we_o leave_v off_o now_o and_o i_o promise_v to_o meet_v you_o here_o again_o within_o a_o night_n or_o two_o and_o then_o i_o will_v hear_v how_o well_o you_o can_v vindicate_v your_o right_n of_o resistance_n from_o law_n or_o history_n but_o if_o you_o have_v no_o better_a proof_n for_o it_o than_o the_o rebellion_n of_o the_o baron_n in_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n the_o three_o reign_v you_o will_v scarce_o make_v i_o your_o convet_n since_o impunity_n do_v never_o sanctify_v a_o wicked_a action_n or_o render_v it_o the_o more_o lawful_a and_o you_o have_v already_o give_v it_o i_o for_o a_o axiom_n that_o a_o facto_fw-la ad_fw-la ius_n non_fw-la valet_fw-la consequentia_fw-la f._n i_o accept_v of_o your_o appointment_n with_o thanks_o but_o pray_v do_v not_o forejudge_v my_o argument_n till_o you_o hear_v they_o and_o as_o for_o the_o axiom_n i_o allow_v it_o for_o good_a provide_v i_o may_v urge_v it_o in_o my_o turn_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n i_o shall_v wish_v you_o good_a night_n m._n and_o i_o the_o same_o to_o you_o finis_fw-la bibliotheca_fw-la politica_fw-la or_o a_o discourse_n by_o way_n of_o dialogue_n upon_o these_o question_n whether_o by_o the_o ancient_a law_n and_o constitution_n of_o this_o kingdom_n as_o well_o as_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 13_o and_o 14_o of_o king_n charles_n the_o ii_o all_o resistance_n of_o the_o king_n or_o of_o those_o commission_v by_o he_o be_v express_o forbid_v upon_o any_o pretence_n whatsoever_o and_o also_o whether_o all_o those_o who_o assist_v his_o present_a majesty_n king_n william_n either_o before_o or_o after_o his_o come_n over_o be_v guilty_a of_o the_o breach_n of_o this_o law_n collect_v out_o of_o the_o most_o approve_a author_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a dialogue_n the_o nine_o london_n print_v for_o r._n baldwin_n in_o warwick-lane_n near_o the_o oxford_n arm_n where_o also_o may_v be_v have_v the_o first_o second_o third_z four_o five_o six_z seven_o and_o eight_o dialogue_n 1693._o author_n chief_o make_v use_n of_o in_o this_o dialogue_n and_o how_o denote_v in_o the_o margin_n dr._n sherlock_n case_n of_o resistance_n s._n c._n r._n mr._n johnsons_n reflection_n upon_o it_o i._o r._n s._n dr._n hick_n answer_n to_o julian_n entitle_v jovian_a h._n i._n i_o desire_v the_o reader_n to_o remember_v that_o whenever_o i_o make_v use_n of_o the_o word_n people_n in_o this_o or_o the_o follow_a discourse_n i_o mean_v thereby_o the_o whole_a diffusive_a body_n of_o the_o nation_n consist_v of_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o commons_o the_o preface_n to_o the_o reader_n i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o have_v exceed_v my_o intend_a design_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o the_o first_o of_o these_o dialogue_n of_o reduce_v what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v on_o the_o

of_o this_o i_o shall_v proceed_v with_o the_o early_a instance_n of_o this_o kind_n after_o the_o conquest_n viz._n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o during_o who_o absence_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n he_o have_v commit_v the_o government_n of_o his_o kingdom_n to_o william_n bishop_n of_o ely_n 399._o who_o abuse_v his_o power_n by_o a_o arbitrary_a and_o insolent_a carriage_n affront_a and_o oppress_v john_n earl_n of_o morton_n the_o king_n be_v own_o brother_n and_o geoffry_n archbishop_n of_o york_n the_o king_n be_v base_a brother_n whereupon_o they_o rise_v up_o against_o he_o and_o have_v the_o bishop_n the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o their_o side_n appoint_v the_o say_a bishop_n a_o day_n to_o answer_v to_o his_o crime_n in_o the_o king_n court_n or_o great_a council_n of_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la then_o call_v curia_fw-la regis_fw-la where_o when_o he_o refuse_v to_o appear_v they_o all_o with_o one_o consent_n come_v to_o london_n and_o fight_v with_o the_o follower_n and_o adherent_n of_o the_o say_a chancellor_n by_o the_o way_n when_o they_o come_v to_o town_n earl_n john_n with_o the_o arch-bishop_n of_o york_n and_o roven_n with_o all_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n together_o with_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n meet_v in_o st._n paul_n churchyard_n and_o there_o it_o be_v propose_v that_o the_o say_a chancellor_n shall_v for_o his_o evil_a government_n he_o depose_v and_o banish_v the_o kingdom_n and_o so_o he_o immediate_o be_v by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o you_o see_v the_o nobility_n clergy_n and_o people_n have_v then_o no_o notion_n of_o a_o irresistible_a power_n in_o the_o king_n and_o those_o put_v in_o commission_n by_o he_o when_o they_o find_v their_o power_n to_o grow_v tyrannical_a and_o insupportable_a m._n but_o if_o i_o forget_v not_o you_o omit_v one_o material_a circumstance_n in_o this_o aff●ir_n which_o seem_v to_o make_v against_o you_o which_o be_v that_o archbishop_n of_o roven_n and_o william_n the_o earl_n marshal_n do_v at_o that_o time_n produce_v the_o king_n letter_n sign_v with_o his_o 〈◊〉_d wherein_o he_o have_v appoint_v that_o they_o two_o shall_v be_v associate_v in_o the_o government_n with_o the_o bishop_n of_o ely_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v do_v nothing_o without_o their_o privity_n and_o consent_n and_o of_o those_o associate_v with_o he_o in_o the_o business_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o that_o if_o he_o offer_v to_o do_v otherwise_o he_o shall_v be_v depose_v so_o that_o it_o seem_v what_o they_o now_o act_v be_v not_o so_o muchin_n opposition_n to_o the_o king_n commission_n as_o to_o the_o bishop_n who_o have_v refuse_v to_o obey_v his_o command_n f._n i_o confess_v it_o be_v as_o you_o set_v forth_o yet_o this_o make_v nothing_o against_o my_o opinion_n since_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o arm_n be_v take_v and_o this_o resistance_n make_v by_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n together_o with_o the_o londoner_n before_o ever_o it_o be_v know_v that_o such_o letter_n be_v write_v by_o the_o king_n and_o so_o it_o seem_v they_o will_v have_v do_v much_o the_o same_o thing_n if_o there_o have_v be_v no_o such_o letter_n send_v by_o the_o king_n at_o all_o you_o may_v also_o remember_v that_o all_o these_o proceed_n also_o be_v approve_v of_o and_o confirm_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o but_o that_o i_o may_v proceed_v in_o my_o history_n of_o nonresistance_n i_o come_v to_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n his_o brother_n who_o when_o he_o have_v refuse_v the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o all_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o confirm_v the_o great_a charter_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o dein_fw-ge they_o together_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o great_a man_n and_o people_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o all_o degree_n and_o condition_n take_v up_o arm_n and_o make_v a_o vast_a army_n resolve_v never_o to_o lay_v they_o down_o till_o he_o have_v new_o grant_v and_o confirm_v the_o charter_n of_o liberty_n and_o forest_n till_o at_o last_o the_o king_n find_v himself_o almost_o quite_o forsake_v so_o that_o he_o have_v scarce_o five_o knight_n leave_v about_o he_o he_o be_v at_o last_o force_v to_o meet_v the_o say_v bishop_n earls_z baron_n and_o people_n at_o runne-mead_n and_o there_o to_o grant_v they_o that_o great_a charter_n which_o have_v be_v the_o subject_a of_o so_o much_o discourse_n between_o we_o so_o that_o you_o see_v here_o that_o the_o church_n of_o england_n in_o those_o time_n if_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n be_v the_o representative_n of_o this_o church_n have_v then_o no_o notion_n of_o this_o doctrine_n of_o passive_a obedience_n to_o the_o king_n be_v absolute_a will_n and_o command_n m._n i_o can_v deny_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o be_v as_o you_o say_v but_o yet_o you_o may_v remember_v that_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o pope_n think_v the_o king_n 166._o hardly_o deal_v withal_o in_o this_o matter_n so_o that_o he_o give_v audience_n to_o the_o king_n ambassador_n concern_v the_o rebellion_n and_o injury_n which_o the_o baron_n of_o england_n have_v commit_v against_o their_o king_n and_o that_o upon_o a_o solemn_a hear_n of_o the_o whole_a business_n and_o after_o a_o consultation_n with_o his_o cardinal_n he_o do_v as_o supreme_a lord_n of_o eng●and_n after_o king_n john_n resignation_n of_o his_o crown_n to_o he_o by_o his_o bull_n then_o publish_v make_v void_a the_o say_v great_a charter_n of_o liberty_n and_o forest_n and_o condemn_v all_o the_o baron_n proceed_n as_o against_o their_o duty_n and_o allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n their_o sovereign_a lord_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v this_o be_v not_o approve_v of_o any_o where_o but_o by_o the_o actor_n the_o pope_n thereupon_o excommunicate_v the_o baron_n and_o suspend_v the_o archbishop_n of_o ca●terbury_n for_o join_v with_o they_o f._n i_o believe_v you_o will_v make_v nothing_o of_o this_o objection_n 230._o for_o it_o appear_v from_o the_o same_o author_n that_o the_o pope_n have_v before_o this_o excommunicate_v the_o king_n and_o as_o far_o as_o lay_v in_o his_o power_n deprive_v he_o of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o absolve_v all_o his_o subject_n of_o their_o allegiance_n so_o that_o it_o be_v plai●_n it_o be_v not_o out_o of_o any_o true_a principle_n or_o hatred_n of_o rebellion_n and_o resistance_n in_o subject_n that_o the_o pope_n have_v thus_o act_v but_o pure_o to_o gratify_v the_o king_n at_o this_o juncture_n of_o time_n and_o to_o defend_v he_o in_o his_o tyranny_n and_o breach_n of_o his_o own_o charter_n because_o he_o be_v then_o become_v his_o vassal_n and_o so_o he_o care_v not_o how_o much_o he_o oppress_v his_o subject_n because_o he_o be_v thereby_o the_o more_o able_a to_o pay_v he_o the_o tribute_n before_o promise_v and_o he_o can_v also_o expect_v the_o more_o secure_o to_o extort_v money_n from_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o that_o this_o bull_n of_o the_o pope_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o king_n be_v own_o express_a act_n and_o agreement_n appear_v plain_o by_o that_o clause_n which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v find_v in_o a_o charter_n under_o the_o seal_n of_o this_o king_n and_o which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n according_a to_o which_o it_o be_v draw_v into_o the_o form_n we_o now_o find_v it_o in_o mat._n paris_n in_o which_o it_o be_v express_o provide_v and_o grant_v by_o the_o say_a king_n that_o in_o case_n he_o shall_v go_v about_o to_o break_v or_o infringe_v any_o clause_n in_o the_o say_a charter_n and_o shall_v not_o amend_v it_o within_o the_o space_n of_o forty_o day_n that_o then_o i●li_n barones_n cum_fw-la communia_fw-la totius_fw-la terrae_fw-la distringent_fw-la &_o gravabunt_fw-la nos_fw-la modis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la quibus_fw-la poverint_fw-la aut_fw-la scil_n per_fw-la captionem_fw-la castrorum_fw-la terrarum_fw-la possessionum_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la modis_fw-la quibus_fw-la potuerint_fw-la donec_fw-la fuerit_fw-la emendatum_fw-la secundum_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la eorum_fw-la salva_fw-la persona_fw-la nostra_fw-la &_o regin●e_fw-la nostra_fw-la &_o liberorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la ●uerit_fw-la emendatum_fw-la intendent_a nobis_fw-la sient_fw-la prius_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la so_o that_o you_o see_v here_o in_o the_o judgement_n even_o of_o the_o king_n himself_o they_o may_v free_o resist_v and_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o he_o till_o he_o make_v good_a every_o article_n of_o these_o charter_n if_o violate_v and_o be_v not_o to_o return_v to_o their_o obedience_n till_o it_o be_v amend_v and_o the_o like_a clause_n almost_o word_n for_o word_n be_v also_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n publish_v in_o mat._n paris_n 261._o m._n i_o grant_v the_o clause_n be_v there_o as_o

this_o letter_n i_o now_o mention_v be_v write_v to_o the_o pope_n which_o transaction_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o almost_o verbatim_o out_o of_o mat._n of_o westminster_n and_o henry_n de_fw-fr keyghton_n in_o anno_fw-la 1297._o be_v the_o 26_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o when_o the_o king_n have_v extort_a a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n from_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n contrary_a to_o law_n and_o be_v then_o go_v into_o flanders_n he_o call_v a_o parliament_n at_o westminster_n where_o most_o of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n refuse_v to_o appear_v until_o such_o time_n as_o their_o petition_n for_o the_o ease_n of_o their_o country_n be_v hear_v and_o that_o the_o king_n will_v again_o confirm_v magna_fw-la charta_fw-la yet_o nevertheless_o the_o king_n upon_o his_o confession_n of_o his_o male_a administration_n which_o he_o make_v before_o all_o the_o people_n with_o tear_n in_o his_o eye_n and_o promise_v of_o amendment_n then_o obtain_v of_o the_o commons_o a_o aid_n of_o the_o eight_o penny_n of_o their_o good_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o king_n be_v go_v over_o the_o constable_n and_o earl_n marshal_n with_o other_o earl_n and_o baron_n go_v to_o the_o exchequer_n and_o there_o forbid_v the_o judge_n to_o levy_v the_o say_a tax_n upon_o the_o people_n by_o the_o sheriff_n because_o it_o be_v do_v without_o their_o knowledge_n without_o who_o consent_n no_o tax_n ought_v to_o be_v exact_v or_o impose_v so_o that_o the_o say_v earl_n and_o baron_n be_v thus_o gather_v together_o and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o people_n join_v with_o they_o at_o last_o prince_n edw._n then_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v force_v to_o call_v a_o parliament_n to_o which_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n come_v attend_v with_o great_a multitude_n both_o of_o horse_n and_o foot_n but_o will_v not_o enter_v the_o city_n of_o london_n till_o the_o prince_n have_v in_o his_o father_n name_n confirm_v the_o great_a charter_n and_o have_v pass_v the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la both_o which_o be_v afterward_o again_o confirm_v by_o the_o king_n his_o father_n some_o time_n after_o his_o return_n and_o this_o will_v serve_v to_o explain_v the_o last_o article_n in_o this_o statute_n which_o comprehend_v the_o king_n pardon_n or_o remission_n to_o humphrey_n earl_n of_o her●ford_n and_o ess●x_n then_o constable_n and_o roger_n bigot_n earl_n of_o norfolk_n marshal_n of_o england_n the_o two_o principal_a leader_n in_o the_o late_a resistance_n with_o all_o other_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o esquire_n of_o their_o party_n all_o league_n and_o confederacy_n as_o also_o all_o rancour_n and_o ill-will_a with_o all_o other_o transgression_n against_o they_o &_o and_o pray_v see_v sir_n edward_n coke_n comment_n on_o these_o word_n 536._o you_o compare_v our_o english_a history_n with_o this_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o old_a say_n shall_v be_v verify_v that_o record_n of_o parliament_n the_o true_a history_n the_o king_n have_v conceive_v a_o deep_a displeasure_n against_o the_o constable_n marshal_z and_o other_o of_o the_o nobility_n gentry_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n for_o deny_v that_o which_o he_o so_o much_o desire_v yet_o for_o that_o they_o stand_v in_o defence_n of_o their_o law_n liberty_n and_o free_a custom_n etc._n etc._n i_o suppose_v he_o refer_v to_o the_o resistance_n but_o now_o mention_v whereupon_o he_o do_v not_o only_o restore_v the_o same_o to_o they_o as_o aforesaid_a but_o grant_v special_a pardon_n to_o those_o against_o who_o he_o have_v conceive_v so_o heavy_a a_o displeasure_n etc._n etc._n and_o such_o a_o one_o as_o you_o will_v scarce_o read_v the_o like_a and_o after_o a_o short_a gloss_n upon_o the_o word_n rancour_n and_o ill-will_a he_o thus_o comment_v on_o these_o word_n etiam_fw-la transgressiones_fw-la si_fw-la q●as_fw-la fec●in●_n here_o the_o word_n si_fw-fr qua●_n sic●i●t_fw-la be_v add_v lest_o by_o acceptance_n of_o a_o pardon_n they_o shall_v confess_v they_o have_v transgress_v so_o careful_a be_v the_o lord_n and_o commons_o to_o preserve_v their_o ancient_a law_n liberty_n and_o custom_n of_o their_o country_n so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o sir_n edward_n coke_n then_o think_v the_o lord_n and_o commons_o have_v not_o transgress_v in_o thus_o stand_v up_o though_o with_o force_n of_o arm_n for_o their_o just_a right_n and_o liberty_n and_o which_o sufficient_o prove_v that_o this_o author_n do_v not_o conceive_v such_o a_o resistance_n to_o be_v make_v war_n against_o the_o king_n and_o so_o treason_n at_o that_o time_n at_o common_a law_n and_o consequent_o not_o to_o be_v afterward_o treason_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 25_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o since_o that_o statute_n d●es_v not_o make_v any_o other_o overtact_n to_o be_v treason_n but_o what_o have_v be_v so_o by_o common_a law_n before_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v but_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o king_n son_n edward_n the_o second_o there_o be_v much_o more_o pregnant_a and_o fatal_a proof_n of_o the_o exercise_n of_o this_o right_n of_o resistance_n by_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o people_n of_o england_n against_o peirce_n gaveston_n who_o have_v be_v before_o for_o his_o misgovernment_n of_o the_o king_n banish_v the_o realm_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o come_v over_o with_o the_o king_n licence_n but_o without_o any_o reverse_n of_o the_o say_a act_n thomas_n earl_n of_o lancaster_n the_o king_n uncle_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o land_n take_v up_o arm_n against_o he_o and_o though_o he_o raise_v some_o force_n by_o the_o king_n commission_n yet_o they_o fight_v with_o he_o and_o take_v he_o prisoner_n and_o behead_v he_o near_z warwick_z some_o year_n after_o which_o the_o say_a thomas_n earl_n of_o lancaster_n with_o humphrey_z de_fw-fr bohun_n earl_n of_o hereford_n together_o with_o divers_a other_o earl_n and_o baron_n take_v arm_n and_o spoil_v the_o land_n of_o the_o two_o spencer_n father_n and_o son_n come_v up_o to_o london_n where_o the_o king_n have_v call_v a_o parliament_n in_o which_o the_o king_n be_v force_v to_o banish_v the_o say_v spencer_n out_n of_o the_o kingdom_n though_o they_o quick_o return_v again_o against_o who_o when_o the_o say_v earl_n above_o mention_v and_o divers_a other_o baron_n and_o knight_n again_o take_v arm_n but_o be_v fail_v by_o some_o of_o their_o confederates_n be_v overpower_a by_o the_o king_n party_n and_o the_o earl_n be_v take_v prisoner_n be_v attaint_v and_o behead_v at_o portfract_a yet_o be_v the_o this_o judgement_n against_o the_o earl_n and_o those_o of_o his_o party_n afterward_o reverse_v in_o parliament_n in_o 1_o mo_z edward_n the_o three_o and_o their_o heir_n restore_v in_o blood_n as_o also_o to_o the_o land_n of_o their_o father_n as_o beside_o the_o act_n it_o still_o to_o be_v see_v upon_o the_o roll_n appear_v more_o plain_o by_o a_o writ_n of_o this_o king_n be_v recite_v 2._o that_o whereas_o at_o a_o parliament_n at_o westminster_n among_o other_o thing_n it_o be_v agree_v by_o the_o king_n the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o all_o those_o who_o be_v in_o the_o quarrel_n with_o thomas_n e._n of_o lancaster_n against_o the_o spencer_n shall_v have_v their_o land_n and_o good_n restore_v because_o the_o say_a quarrel_n be_v find_v and_o adjudge_v by_o the_o king_n and_o the_o whole_a parliament_n to_o be_v good_a and_o just_a and_o that_o the_o judgement_n give_v against_o they_o be_v null_a and_o void_a and_o therefore_o command_v restitution_n of_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n now_o in_o the_o crown_n to_o the_o executor_n of_o the_o say_a earl_n and_o the_o like_a writ_n be_v find_v for_o the_o other_o lord_n and_o gentleman_n that_o have_v be_v of_o his_o party_n and_o further_o that_o not_o only_o this_o resistance_n make_v by_o this_o earl_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o follower_n but_o also_o that_o which_o this_o king_n himself_o make_v together_o with_o queen_n isabel_n his_o mother_n against_o the_o misgovernment_n of_o the_o king_n his_o father_n through_o the_o evil_a counsel_n of_o the_o two_o spencer_n appear_v by_o the_o act_n of_o indemnity_n pass_v in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o this_o king_n in_o the_o preamble_n of_o which_o there_o be_v recite_v a_o short_a history_n of_o the_o wicked_a government_n and_o banishment_n of_o the_o spencer_n father_n and_o son_n and_o also_o how_o thomas_n late_a earl_n of_o lancaster_n be_v by_o their_o procurement_n pursue_v take_v execute_v disinherit_v and_o how_o the_o say_v spencer_n and_o robert_n baldock_n and_o edmund_n earl_n of_o arundel_n by_o the_o royal_a power_n they_o have_v usurp_v have_v cause_v the_o king_n that_o now_o be_v and_o the_o queen_n his_o mother_n to_o be_v utter_o forsake_v of_o the_o king_n

place_n as_o to_o the_o dispense_n power_n which_o the_o king_n have_v late_o assume_v to_o himself_o in_o matter_n of_o religion_n and_o thereby_o put_v into_o office_n and_o command_n person_n uncapable_a by_o law_n of_o bear_v they_o without_o take_v the_o test_n as_o i_o shall_v not_o now_o dispute_v the_o legality_n or_o illegality_n of_o the_o king_n declaration_n concern_v it_o so_o as_o to_o that_o part_n of_o it_o that_o concern_v liberty_n of_o conscience_n or_o dispense_n with_o the_o papist_n and_o dissenter_n to_o meet_v in_o assembly_n for_o their_o religious_a worship_n notwithstanding_o all_o the_o act_n make_v against_o mass_n and_o conventicle_n it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o king_n charles_n the_o iid_n have_v do_v before_o with_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o privy-council_n in_o which_o if_o it_o have_v be_v rebellion_n to_o have_v oppose_v he_o sure_o it_o be_v the_o same_o crime_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o his_o brother_n 2._o as_o for_o the_o commission_n for_o cause_n ecclesiastical_a f._n since_o i_o foresee_v your_o discourse_n upon_o this_o subject_n be_v like_a to_o be_v long_o and_o to_o consist_v of_o many_o more_o head_n than_o i_o doubt_v my_o memory_n will_v serve_v to_o bear_v away_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v all_o your_o instance_n one_o after_o another_o as_o you_o propose_v they_o first_o then_o as_o to_o the_o late_a declaration_n concern_v the_o dispense_v power_n it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v do_v by_o law_n or_o so_o much_o as_o the_o colour_n of_o it_o that_o beside_o its_o be_v against_o divers_a express_a act_n of_o parliament_n which_o tie_v up_o the_o king_n hand_n from_o dispense_n with_o the_o act_n against_o public_a mass_n and_o conventicle_n as_o also_o that_o disable_v all_o person_n whatever_o to_o act_v in_o any_o public_a employment_n till_o they_o have_v take_v the_o test_n appoint_v by_o the_o say_a act_n in_o which_o all_o non_fw-la obstance_n be_v express_o bar_v but_o this_o declaration_n be_v never_o so_o much_o as_o show_v to_o the_o privy_a council_n till_o it_o be_v ready_a to_o be_v publish_v and_o then_o indeed_o the_o king_n cause_v it_o to_o be_v read_v in_o council_n declare_v that_o he_o will_v have_v it_o issue_v forth_o though_o without_o ever_o put_v it_o to_o the_o vote_n or_o so_o much_o as_o ask_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o privy_a counsellor_n there_o present_a though_o i_o grant_v the_o title_n of_o it_o set_v forth_o that_o it_o be_v do_v by_o his_o majesty_n in_o council_n to_o impose_v upon_o the_o nation_n that_o stale_a cheat_n whereby_o this_o king_n as_o well_o as_o the_o last_o will_v have_v have_v we_o believe_v that_o their_o declaration_n have_v be_v issue_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o council_n when_o god_n know_v there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n and_o as_o for_o any_o judgement_n or_o opinion_n of_o the_o judge_n to_o support_v it_o and_o make_v it_o pass_v by_o colour_n of_o law_n it_o be_v never_o as_o i_o can_v hear_v of_o so_o much_o as_o propose_v to_o they_o in_o their_o judicial_a capacity_n though_o perhaps_o it_o may_v be_v propose_v to_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n and_o some_o of_o the_o judge_n who_o be_v of_o the_o cabal_n which_o be_v nothing_o to_o the_o purpose_n all_o that_o i_o ever_o hear_v to_o have_v be_v bring_v judicial_o before_o they_o be_v the_o case_n of_o sir_n edward_n hales_n take_v a_o commission_n for_o a_o colonel_n of_o a_o regiment_n after_o he_o have_v open_o declare_v himself_o a_o papist_n in_o which_o great_a point_n though_o i_o grant_v the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o judge_n give_v their_o opinion_n for_o the_o dispense_n power_n yet_o be_v it_o only_o in_o the_o case_n of_o military_a commission_n as_o several_a of_o they_o afterward_o declare_v and_o not_o of_o all_o sort_n of_o employment_n as_o well_o civil_a as_o military_a much_o less_o for_o popish_a head_n of_o college_n parson_n and_o bishop_n to_o hold_v their_o live_n headship_n and_o bishopric_n if_o they_o please_v to_o turn_v to_o the_o romish_a religion_n or_o that_o the_o king_n shall_v please_v to_o bestow_v they_o upon_o popish_a priest_n it_o will_v have_v be_v as_o legal_a in_o the_o one_o case_n as_o in_o the_o other_o since_o as_o for_o popish_a head_n of_o college_n and_o parson_n we_o have_v have_v too_o many_o instance_n of_o it_o and_o if_o we_o have_v none_o for_o bishop_n we_o must_v thank_v either_o the_o constancy_n of_o most_o or_o the_o timorousness_n of_o some_o of_o they_o if_o they_o have_v not_o open_o declare_v for_o the_o romish_a religion_n and_o yet_o may_v have_v keep_v their_o bishopric_n notwithstanding_o but_o i_o do_v not_o at_o all_o doubt_n but_o that_o such_o a_o general_a dispensation_n for_o profess_a papist_n to_o take_v and_o hold_v all_o sort_n of_o office_n and_o place_n of_o trust_n not_o only_o military_a but_o ecclesiastical_a and_o civil_a will_v have_v in_o a_o little_a time_n bring_v all_o office_n and_o employment_n into_o their_o hand_n nor_o be_v this_o dispense_n power_n in_o matter_n of_o religion_n the_o sole_a thing_n aim_v at_o by_o this_o declaration_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o very_a word_n and_o whole_a purport_n of_o it_o which_o be_v not_o confine_v to_o matter_n of_o religion_n only_o but_o claim_v a_o unlimited_a power_n of_o dispense_n with_o all_o sort_n of_o statute_n in_o all_o case_n whatever_o none_o except_v and_o if_o so_o pray_v tell_v i_o what_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la or_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concidendo_fw-la or_o any_o other_o law_n will_v signify_v whenever_o the_o king_n please_v to_o dispense_v with_o they_o either_o as_o to_o raise_v money_n or_o take_v away_o man_n life_n or_o liberty_n or_o estate_n contrary_a to_o law_n nay_o the_o papist_n already_o give_v out_o and_o that_o in_o print_n that_o all_o law_n for_o take_v away_o religious_a order_n and_o suppressure_n of_o monastery_n be_v against_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la by_o which_o holy_a church_n that_o be_v the_o popish_a religion_n then_o in_o be_v be_v to_o enjoy_v all_o her_o ancient_a right_n and_o liberty_n and_o the_o abbot_n and_o prior_n do_v thereby_o as_o well_o as_o the_o bishop_n and_o lay_v lord_n reserve_v to_o themselves_o all_o their_o ancient_a right_n and_o free_a custom_n now_o whether_o this_o unbounded_a prerogative_n will_v not_o quick_o have_v destroy_v not_o only_o the_o ecclesiastical_a but_o civil_a constitution_n of_o this_o kingdom_n as_o they_o now_o stand_v establish_v by_o law_n and_o will_v have_v soon_o introduce_v both_o popery_n and_o arbitrary_a government_n on_o this_o nation_n i_o leave_v it_o to_o yourself_o or_o any_o indifferent_a person_n to_o consider_v and_o though_o i_o do_v not_o say_v that_o the_o bare_a give_v of_o papist_n or_o protestant_n dissenter_n a_o liberty_n of_o religious_a meeting_n or_o assembly_n for_o mass_n or_o preach_v be_v a_o infringement_n of_o the_o free_a exercise_n of_o our_o religion_n establish_v by_o law_n yet_o pray_v take_v one_o thing_n along_o with_o you_o which_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a moment_n both_o to_o the_o dissenter_n and_o to_o ourselves_o that_o if_o the_o king_n can_v thus_o by_o his_o prerogative_n give_v both_o papist_n and_o fanatic_n a_o liberty_n to_o meet_v public_o contrary_a to_o law_n let_v the_o latter_a look_n to_o it_o for_o he_o may_v by_o the_o same_o prerogative_n whenever_o he_o please_v dispense_v only_o with_o the_o papist_n and_o keep_v the_o law_n still_o on_o foot_n against_o the_o dissenter_n nay_o he_o may_v by_o the_o same_o unbounded_a prerogative_n dispense_v with_o all_o the_o law_n for_o the_o public_a exercise_n of_o our_o religion_n and_o under_o pretence_n of_o dispense_n with_o they_o only_o in_o some_o particular_a case_n shut_v up_o our_o church_n door_n one_o after_o another_o begin_v with_o the_o cathedral_n and_o so_o proceed_v by_o degree_n to_o parish_n church_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v king_n charles_n the_o iid_n do_v assume_v a_o power_n of_o dispense_n with_o all_o statute_n concern_v religious_a meeting_n contrary_a to_o law_n yet_o the_o nation_n have_v not_o then_o any_o sufficient_a reason_n to_o rise_v in_o arm_n against_o this_o declaration_n since_o it_o do_v not_o extend_v the_o king_n prerogative_n beyond_o those_o act_n concern_v religious_a worship_n and_o far_o the_o nation_n be_v not_o out_o of_o all_o hope_n of_o have_v it_o redress_v by_o the_o next_o parliament_n and_o so_o be_v not_o in_o that_o desperate_a condition_n in_o which_o it_o be_v late_o before_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n come_v over_o and_o you_o may_v remember_v that_o the_o late_a king_n upon_o the_o joint_a address_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o against_o that_o declaration_n be_v force_v to_o call_v it_o in_o and_o cancel_v it_o which_o certain_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v better_o consider_v

be_v that_o of_o the_o free_a burrow_n or_o tything_n fribargus_fw-la wherein_o by_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n the_o tythingman_n or_o head_n burrow_n be_v the_o judge_n who_o as_o that_o law_n tell_v we_o determine_v all_o suit_n and_o difference_n arise_v among_o neighbour_n of_o the_o same_o tything_n concern_v petty_a trespass_n on_o one_o another_o ground_n which_o if_o they_o can_v not_o be_v there_o determine_v may_v then_o be_v bring_v before_o the_o court_n baron_fw-fr which_o be_v incident_a to_o every_o manor_n and_o wherein_o the_o suitor_n and_o not_o the_o lord_n nor_o his_o steward_n be_v the_o judge_n 57_o and_o this_o as_o sir_n edward_n coke_n tell_v we_o be_v first_o institute_v for_o the_o ease_n of_o the_o tenant_n and_o for_o the_o end_n of_o debt_n and_o damage_n under_o potty_a shilling_n at_o home_n as_o it_o be_v at_o their_o own_o door_n and_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o by_o the_o way_n that_o sorty_fw-la shilling_n be_v theo_fw-la near_o as_o much_o as_o forty_o pound_n be_v now_o comitatus_fw-la and_o if_o the_o business_n can_v not_o be_v end_v here_o or_o be_v of_o too_o high_a a_o nature_n it_o be_v then_o bring_v into_o the_o hundred_o court_n where_o the_o hundreder_n together_o with_o the_o suitor_n be_v judge_n and_o if_o they_o have_v not_o justice_n there_o they_o may_v then_o remove_v it_o into_o the_o court_n of_o trthe_v or_o lathe_n which_o be_v not_o the_o small_a court_n of_o the_o tithing_n mention_v nor_o yet_o the_o court_n leet_n but_o a_o particular_a court_n consist_v of_o three_o or_o four_o hundred_o which_o though_o now_o quite_o lose_v be_v in_o be_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o merton_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o and_o if_o the_o business_n can_v not_o be_v decide_v in_o the_o trthe_n it_o be_v then_o remove_v to_o the_o shire_n or_o county_n court_n as_o mr._n lambert_n show_v in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n which_o be_v then_o hold_v as_o now_o from_o month_n to_o month_n and_o in_o which_o as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o hundred_o court_n the_o suitor_n alone_o be_v judge_n and_o though_o it_o can_v now_o only_o hold_v plea_n unless_o it_o be_v by_o writ_n of_o justice_n of_o any_o debt_n or_o damage_n to_o the_o value_n of_o forty_o shilling_n or_o above_o yet_o we_o ●ind_v from_o ancient_a author_n that_o this_o court_n be_v so_o considerable_a that_o we_o have_v diverse_a example_n of_o cause_n between_o the_o great_a person_n of_o england_n and_o for_o land_n of_o great_a value_n begin_v and_o determine_v in_o this_o court_n thus_o eadmertes_n relate_v the_o great_a trial_n at_o pinnesden-heath_n between_o odo_n bishop_n of_o bayen●_n 9_o half_a brother_n to_o your_o conqueror_n and_o by_o he_o create_v earl_n of_o kent_n and_o lanfrank_a archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n concern_v divers_a manor_n in_o kent_n and_o other_o county_n whereof_o earl_n odo_n have_v diseize_v the_o see_v of_o canterbury_n in_o the_o time_n of_o archbishop_n stigand_n his_o predecessor_n whereupon_o the_o archbishop_n petition_v the_o king_n that_o justice_n may_v be_v do_v he_o secundem_fw-la legem_fw-la terrae_fw-la and_o the_o king_n thereupon_o send_v forth_o a_o writ_n to_o summon_v a_o county_n court_n the_o debate_n last_v three_o day_n before_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o many_o chiefman_n bishop_n and_o lord_n and_o other_o skilful_a in_o the_o law_n and_o judgement_n pass_v for_o the_o archbishop_n lanfrank_a by_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o freeman_n or_o primorum_fw-la or_o probo●●●_n hominum_fw-la as_o the_o historian_n call_v they_o so_o that_o to_o conclude_v this_o head_n if_o no_o suit_n can_v be_v begin_v in_o those_o day_n but_o what_o be_v first_o commence_v in_o the_o hundred_o court_n no_o distringas_fw-la can_v issue_v forth_o till_o three_o demand_n be_v make_v in_o the_o hundred_o and_o from_o thence_o to_o be_v remove_v to_o the_o county_n court_n where_o regular_o all_o civil_a cause_n be_v try_v by_o the_o suitor_n as_o the_o only_a judge_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o hundred_o court_n and_o court_n baron_n than_o it_o will_v necessary_o follow_v that_o unless_o you_o can_v prove_v which_o i_o think_v be_v impossible_a that_o all_o the_o english_a be_v at_o that_o time_n slave_n and_o villain_n and_o have_v no_o freehold_n of_o any_o sort_n leave_v they_o that_o all_o plead_v and_o proceed_n in_o any_o of_o those_o court_n be_v before_o mere_a englishman_n must_v have_v be_v in_o english_a and_o no_o other_o language_n so_o that_o after_o all_o this_o great_a cry_n nor_o a_o twenty_o part_n of_o the_o suit_n in_o england_n be_v bring_v to_o london_n and_o as_o for_o criminal_a cause_n unless_o in_o case_n of_o treason_n all_o murder_n and_o other_o felony_n be_v try_v and_o judge_v in_o the_o country_n either_o within_o the_o particular_a jurisdiction_n of_o bishop_n abbot_n or_o great_a lord_n or_o else_o of_o such_o city_n and_o town_n who_o have_v the_o privilege_n of_o infangthief_n and_o outfangthief_n together_o with_o fossa_n and_o furca_fw-la that_o be_v a_o pit_n to_o drown_v and_o a_o gallow_n to_o hang_v malefactor_n and_o if_o the_o offence_n be_v do_v in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o county_n they_o be_v then_o try_v and_o condemn_v in_o the_o county_n court_n justices_z itinerant_a not_o be_v in_o use_n till_o henry_n the_o second_o reign_n m_o i_o must_v confess_v you_o have_v give_v i_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o light_n in_o these_o matter_n more_o than_o i_o have_v before_o but_o as_o i_o shall_v not_o dispute_v whether_o in_o the_o low_a court_n such_o as_o the_o tything_n and_o court_n baron_n the_o small_a english_a freeholders_n might_n not_o judge_n of_o petty_a cause_n among_o themselves_o yet_o that_o in_o those_o great_a cause_n be_v bring_v in_o the_o hundred_o and_o county_n court_v which_o only_o the_o great_a fleeman_n of_o the_o hundred_o glos._n or_o county_n be_v judge_n who_o these_o freeman_n be_v dr._n b._n have_v sufficient_o teach_v we_o in_o his_o commenes_n upon_o the_o conqueror_n law_n as_o also_o in_o his_o glossary_n viz._n that_o they_o be_v tenant_n in_o military_a service_n who_o in_o those_o time_n be_v the_o only_a great_a freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o quite_o different_a from_o our_o ordinary_a freeholders_n at_o this_o day_n these_o be_v the_o man_n the_o only_a legal_a man_n that_o name_v and_o choose_v jury_n and_o serve_v on_o jury_n themselves_o both_o in_o the_o county_n and_o hundred_o court_n and_o dispatch_v all_o country_n business_n under_o the_o great_a officer_n i_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o there_o may_v be_v other_o lesser_a freeman_n in_o those_o time_n 30._o but_o what_o their_o quality_n be_v far_o than_o that_o their_o person_n and_o blood_n be_v free_a that_o be_v they_o be_v not_o nativi_fw-la or_o bondman_n it_o will_v give_v a_o know_a man_n trouble_v to_o discover_v it_o to_o we_o we_o find_v in_o every_o leaf_n of_o doomsday_n socman_n &_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la possessor_n of_o small_a parcel_n of_o land_n but_o what_o there_o quality_n be_v and_o of_o what_o interest_n in_o the_o nation_n dicat_fw-la apollo_n no_o man_n yet_o have_v make_v it_o out_o nor_o can_v it_o be_v do_v by_o the_o account_n we_o have_v of_o ordinary_a freeman_n for_o a_o century_n or_o two_o last_o pass_v and_o for_o further_a proof_n of_o this_o that_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o military_a tenant_n at_o least_o can_v be_v judge_n in_o the_o county_n court_n appear_v by_o the_o law_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o 1._o wherein_o it_o be_v express_o say_v regis_fw-la judices_fw-la barones_n comitatus_fw-la qui_fw-la liberas_fw-la in_fw-la it_o be_v terras_fw-la habent_fw-la per_fw-la quos_fw-la debent_fw-la causae_fw-la singulorum_fw-la alterna_fw-la prosecutione_n tractari_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o that_o these_o baron_n of_o the_o county_n be_v certain_o feudal_n tenant_n this_o service_n of_o be_v suitor_n to_o the_o county_n and_o hundred_o court_n be_v a_o service_n incident_a to_o their_o tenor_n and_o than_o it_o will_v also_o follow_v 36._o that_o those_o primores_fw-la and_o probi_fw-la viri_fw-la who_o as_o you_o have_v now_o relate_v try_v this_o cause_n between_o earl_n odo_n and_o archbishop_n lanfranc_n and_o who_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o be_v not_o only_o of_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n but_o of_o other_o county_n in_o england_n where_o the_o manor_n and_o land_n lay_v as_o eadmerus_n show_v we_o and_o who_o be_v the_o juror_n in_o this_o great_a cause_n consist_v of_o the_o great_a military_a tenant_n that_o be_v not_o baron_n and_o the_o less_o which_o be_v the_o probi_fw-la viri_fw-la for_o it_o can_v be_v no_o way_n probable_a that_o the_o ordinary_a freeman_n which_o make_v the_o great_a number_n and_o be_v all_o bind_v to_o

as_o a_o wilful_a forfeiture_n or_o abdication_n of_o the_o government_n and_o it_o be_v from_o this_o first_o go_v away_o that_o i_o suppose_v that_o the_o convention_n date_n his_o abdication_n since_o though_o it_o be_v true_a after_o his_o return_n to_o london_n he_o take_v upon_o he_o to_o make_v a_o order_n in_o council_n to_o stop_v the_o further_o pull_v down_o and_o plunder_v popish_a chapel_n and_o papist_n house_n yet_o be_v it_o sign_v by_o very_a few_o of_o the_o council_n and_o almost_o only_o by_o those_o who_o have_v be_v in_o some_o office_n or_o place_n of_o trust_n so_o that_o though_o he_o be_v then_o own_a by_o they_o yet_o since_o that_o order_n do_v only_o serve_v to_o show_v his_o zeal_n for_o the_o popish_a party_n and_o be_v never_o obey_v or_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o those_o to_o who_o it_o be_v direct_v and_o that_o neither_o the_o prince_n nor_o the_o city_n of_o london_n own_v he_o afterward_o since_o it_o have_v already_o deliver_v itself_o up_o to_o the_o prince_n and_o have_v as_o well_o as_o the_o peer_n invite_v he_o to_o repair_v to_o that_o city_n i_o can_v see_v that_o so_o slight_a a_o act_n as_o this_o order_n of_o council_n shall_v be_v count_v a_o return_n to_o or_o a_o re-establishment_n in_o the_o throne_n since_o the_o king_n have_v not_o only_o lose_v the_o crown_n by_o his_o wilful_a departure_n without_o call_v a_o parliament_n or_o give_v the_o p._n any_o satisfaction_n in_o the_o great_a business_n of_o the_o pretend_a prince_n of_o wales_n or_o the_o nation_n by_o repair_v up_o those_o desperate_a breach_n he_o have_v make_v upon_o our_o fundamental_a law_n but_o have_v also_o lose_v his_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o be_v conquer_a by_o the_o prince_n in_o open_a war_n as_o i_o shall_v prove_v more_o at_o large_a another_o time_n so_o that_o if_o you_o please_v better_a to_o consider_v this_o vote_n of_o the_o convention_n you_o will_v find_v that_o these_o word_n have_v abdicate_v the_o government_n do_v not_o only_o refer_v to_o the_o last_o clause_n of_o his_o have_v withdraw_v himself_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o to_o everyone_o of_o the_o forego_n clause_n viz._n his_o have_v endeavour_v to_o subvert_v the_o constitution_n of_o this_o kingdom_n his_o break_v the_o original_a contract_n and_o his_o have_v violate_v the_o fundamental_a law_n so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a their_o notion_n of_o abdication_n be_v not_o fix_v only_o in_o the_o king_n desertion_n or_o bare_a withdraw_v himself_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o from_o his_o renounce_v the_o legal_a title_n by_o which_o he_o hold_v the_o crown_n and_o set_v himself_o up_o as_o a_o despotic_a sovereign_n and_o rule_v by_o a_o mercenary_a army_n and_o therefore_o all_o that_o you_o have_v say_v about_o the_o king_n quit_v the_o government_n with_o a_o design_n to_o return_v to_o it_o again_o as_o soon_o as_o with_o safety_n he_o may_v be_v altogether_o vain_a for_o as_o he_o go_v away_o because_o he_o will_v not_o govern_v any_o long_o as_o a_o king_n by_o law_n so_o have_v he_o yet_o give_v we_o no_o satisfaction_n that_o he_o will_v not_o return_v again_o to_o govern_v otherwise_o or_o rather_o worse_a than_o he_o do_v before_o have_v he_o a_o opportunity_n so_o to_o do_v that_o be_v as_o the_o letter_n i_o cite_v but_o now_o phrase_n i●_n to_o return_v and_o have_v his_o end_n of_o we_o so_o that_o this_o be_v indeed_o the_o case_n i_o think_v i_o can_v very_o well_o justify_v the_o last_o clause_n in_o this_o vote_n that_o the_o throne_n be_v thereby_o vacant_a m._n sir_n you_o have_v speak_v a_o considerable_a time_n and_o i_o doubt_v more_o than_o i_o can_v distinct_o remember_v to_o answer_v as_o i_o shall_v therefore_o before_o you_o proceed_v to_o this_o last_o clause_n of_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n the_o dispute_n about_o which_o i_o foresee_v may_v hold_v long_o than_o upon_o any_o of_o the_o former_a pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o reply_v to_o what_o you_o have_v already_o say_v in_o justification_n of_o all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o this_o vote_n in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o if_o the_o king_n have_v once_o get_v the_o power_n of_o make_v what_o mayor_n alderman_n and_o other_o officer_n in_o corporation_n at_o his_o pleasure_n it_o will_v have_v go_v a_o great_a way_n towards_o the_o make_n the_o majority_n of_o the_o parliament-man_n nay_o i_o likewise_o grant_v that_o by_o his_o dispense_n power_n he_o may_v have_v make_v what_o papist_n or_o other_o person_n he_o please_v sheriff_n in_o any_o county_n who_o will_v have_v make_v such_o return_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n as_o he_o shall_v have_v think_v fit_a yet_o i_o suppose_v this_o will_v not_o have_v be_v to_o the_o subversion_n of_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o i_o think_v i_o have_v prove_v to_o consist_v original_o in_o the_o k._n alone_o before_o any_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n be_v institute_v and_o as_o for_o those_o violation_n of_o the_o fundamental_a law_n and_o liberty_n of_o this_o kingdom_n the_o declaration_n instance_n in_o i_o think_v several_a of_o they_o may_v very_o well_o be_v justify_v by_o ancient_a precedent_n and_o add_v judge_v case_n in_o law_n and_o therefore_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v violation_n that_o they_o be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o king_n exercise_v of_o his_o due_a prerogative_n and_o though_o at_o our_o nine_o meeting_n i_o have_v not_o time_n so_o well_o to_o consider_v these_o matter_n as_o also_o because_o i_o be_v not_o then_o prepare_v to_o defend_v the_o king_n proceed_n i_o shall_v therefore_o make_v bold_a to_o examine_v the_o most_o considerable_a of_o those_o article_n which_o the_o late_a declaration_n suppose_v do_v so_o high_o tend_v to_o subvert_v the_o protestant_a religion_n and_o the_o law_n and_o liberty_n of_o this_o kingdom_n i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o first_o viz._n his_o assume_v and_o exercise_v a_o power_n of_o dispense_v with_o and_o suspend_v of_o law_n and_o the_o execution_n of_o law_n without_o consent_n of_o parliament_n which_o power_n let_v i_o tell_v you_o by_o the_o way_n be_v not_o assert_v to_o dispense_v with_o all_o law_n or_o statute_n whatsoever_o but_o only_o such_o as_o the_o subject_n have_v no_o particular_a cause_n of_o action_n in_o and_o where_o the_o damage_n that_o may_v arise_v by_o it_o do_v not_o concern_v the_o public_a safety_n of_o which_o the_o k._n be_v sole_a judge_n and_o not_o any_o particular_a man_n interest_n i_o suppose_v you_o can_v but_o have_v read_v that_o learned_a and_o short_a account_n of_o the_o authority_n in_o law_n upon_o which_o judgement_n be_v give_v in_o sir_n edw._n hales_n his_o case_n write_v by_o sir_n edward_n herbert_n lord_n chief_z justice_z of_o the_o common_a plea_n in_o vindication_n of_o himself_o wherein_o i_o think_v he_o prove_v beyond_o any_o possibility_n of_o a_o just_a answer_n that_o the_o dispensation_n grant_v to_o sir_n edward_n hale_v to_o receive_v a_o commission_n 7._o and_o act_n as_o a_o colonel_n of_o foot_n be_v good_a notwithstanding_o his_o not_o have_v receive_v the_o sacrament_n and_o take_v the_o oath_n and_o test_n 2._o appoint_v by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 25_o of_o charles_n ii_o where_o he_o first_o prove_v from_o my_o l._n cock_n authority_n that_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n prerogative_n to_o dispense_v with_o all_o positive_a or_o penal_a law_n the_o penalty_n thereof_o be_v only_o popular_a and_o give_v to_o the_o king_n and_o to_o show_v you_o that_o my_o lord_n cook_n who_o be_v never_o count_v any_o great_a friend_n to_o the_o king_n prerogative_n be_v not_o single_a in_o this_o opinion_n 12._o he_o give_v you_o also_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o year_n book_n of_o henry_n the_o vii_o where_o it_o be_v own_a by_o all_o the_o judge_n that_o the_o king_n can_v dispense_v with_o all_o thing_n which_o be_v only_o mala_fw-la prohibita_fw-la and_o not_o mala●n_o ●n_z see_v though_o express_o forbid_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n for_o though_o say_v the_o year_n book_n before_o the_o statute_n coin_v of_o money_n be_v lawful_a but_o now_o it_o be_v not_o so_o yet_o the_o king_n can_v dispense_v with_o it_o so_o that_o say_v i_o if_o he_o can_v dispense_v with_o that_o which_o be_v now_o make_v treason_n by_o eà_fw-la the_o iii_o he_o may_v certain_o dispense_v with_o all_o other_o penal_a statute_n of_o a_o less_o nature_n but_o because_o i_o grant_v there_o be_v some_o difference_n between_o common_a penal_a law_n which_o bare_o prohibit_v the_o do_n of_o some_o thing_n under_o a_o penalty_n and_o this_o act_n in_o which_o there_o be_v also_o a_o express_a clause_n of_o nonobstante_a that_o all_o licence_n or_o dispensation_n contrary_a to_o this_o

void_a clause_n then_o how_o come_v it_o to_o be_v so_o afterward_o pray_v say_v what_o alteration_n have_v be_v make_v in_o the_o law_n of_o england_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o to_o this_o point_n since_o the_o time_n that_o these_o act_n have_v be_v make_v for_o if_o not_o how_o come_v a_o clause_n that_o have_v force_n in_o 23_o henry_n vi_o to_o have_v none_o in_o a_o henry_n vii_o can_v the_o twelve_o judge_n in_o the_o exchequer_n chamber_n by_o give_v their_o opinion_n destroy_v the_o force_n of_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n m._n i_o do_v not_o say_v they_o can_v only_o i_o affirm_v with_o my_o lord_n coke_n and_o all_o the_o judge_n that_o no_o act_n can_v bind_v the_o king_n from_o any_o prerogative_n which_o be_v inseparable_a from_o his_o royal_a person_n but_o he_o may_v dispense_v with_o it_o by_o a_o new_a obstante_fw-la as_o a_o sovereign_a power_n to_o command_v any_o of_o his_o subject_n to_o serve_v he_o for_o the_o publick-weal_n nor_o can_v this_o royal_a power_n be_v restrain_v by_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o upon_o this_o ground_n it_o be_v that_o my_o lord_n coke_n in_o the_o 12_o report_n from_o whence_o i_o have_v take_v this_o conclusion_n maintain_v that_o such_o dispensation_n make_v by_o sheriff_n be_v good_a and_o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n the_o dispensation_n late_o grant_v by_o the_o king_n to_o sir_n edward_n hales_n and_o all_o other_o popish_a officer_n and_o minister_n as_o well_o civil_a as_o military_a must_v be_v also_o good_a f._n but_o admit_v i_o show_v you_o that_o there_o be_v never_o any_o such_o judgement_n in_o the_o exchequer_n chamber_n in_o the_o 2_o of_o henry_n the_o vii_o as_o my_o lord_n coke_n and_o late_a lord_n chief-justice_n herbert_n suppose_v will_v it_o not_o then_o follow_v that_o all_o their_o argument_n that_o be_v whole_o found_v upon_o this_o statute_n will_v fall_v to_o the_o ground_n m._n yes_o indeed_o that_o will_v be_v something_o but_o how_o will_v you_o prove_v that_o can_v you_o believe_v so_o many_o learned_a judge_n shall_v be_v mistake_v in_o this_o matter_n and_o those_o of_o your_o opinion_n only_o shall_v make_v this_o discovery_n f._n i_o do_v not_o desire_v you_o shall_v believe_v i_o but_o your_o own_o eye_n and_o therefore_o look_v upon_o the_o year_n book_n itself_o here_o you_o see_v that_o it_o be_v indeed_o so_o far_o true_a 66._o that_o all_o the_o justice_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o grant_v of_o the_o sheriffdom_n of_o the_o county_n of_o northumberland_n to_o the_o e._n of_o that_o county_n for_o life_n be_v good_a but_o do_v not_o tell_v we_o all_o the_o reason_n whereon_o their_o judgement_n be_v ground_v though_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v because_o the_o sheriffdom_n of_o that_o county_n have_v be_v common_o grant_v for_o life_n before_o this_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o vi_o be_v make_v as_o appear_v by_o these_o word_n in_o the_o year_n book_n judgement_n for_o it_o be_v such_o a_o thing_n as_o may_v be_v well_o grant_v for_o term_n of_o life_n or_o inheritance_n as_o divers_a county_n have_v sheriff_n by_o inheritance_n which_o begin_v by_o the_o king_n be_v grant_v then_o be_v show_v a_o resumption_n i_o suppose_v it_o mean_v a_o act_n of_o resumption_n of_o the_o sheriffalty_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o follow_a word_n and_o then_o be_v show_v a_o proviso_n for_o it_o count._n de_fw-fr n._n and_o if_o so_o the_o king_n have_v a_o right_a to_o grant_v it_o only_o for_o life_n again_o but_o none_o save_o radcliff_n one_o of_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n cite_v the_o statute_n of_o the_o 28_o the_o and_o 42_o d._n of_o edw._n the_o iii_o against_o sheriff_n hold_v for_o above_o a_o year_n but_o do_v not_o cite_v this_o statute_n of_o the_o 23_o d_o of_o hen._n the_o vi_o at_o all_o nor_o do_v he_o or_o any_o other_o of_o the_o judge_n nor_o the_o court_n ground_n their_o opinion_n upon_o any_o non-obstantes_a express_v in_o the_o say_a act_n for_o if_o you_o please_v to_o consult_v they_o you_o will_v find_v there_o be_v no_o clause_n of_o non_fw-la obstante_fw-la in_o any_o of_o they_o before_o the_o 23_o d_o of_o henry_n the_o vi_o which_o be_v not_o at_o all_o mention_v here_o therefore_o i_o wonder_v how_o fitz_n herbert_n in_o his_o abridgement_n come_v to_o vary_v so_o far_o from_o the_o year_n book_n from_o whence_o he_o must_v have_v take_v it_o as_o to_o make_v the_o judgement_n to_o have_v be_v ground_v upon_o the_o non_fw-la obstante_fw-la in_o that_o statute_n of_o henry_n vi_o for_o none_o but_o radcliff_n speak_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o patent_n be_v good_a with_o a_o nonobstante_a to_o those_o statute_n and_o the_o court_n in_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o case_n agree_v the_o patent_n to_o be_v good_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o say_a proviso_n in_o a_o act_n of_o resumption_n and_o then_o fall_v into_o debate_n concern_v the_o other_o point_n how_o this_o patent_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v m._n i_o must_v confess_v if_o this_o be_v so_o as_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v prima_fw-la fancy_n i_o wonder_v my_o lord_n coke_n and_o other_o learned_a lawyer_n have_v lay_v so_o great_a a_o stress_n upon_o and_o draw_v so_o many_o argument_n from_o this_o judgement_n of_o the_o judge_n though_o i_o must_v needs_o also_o tell_v you_o that_o though_o only_a radcliff_n insist_o upon_o the_o nonobstante_a yet_o since_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o judge_n do_v not_o contradict_v he_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o they_o all_o concur_v with_o he_o since_o according_a to_o the_o proverb_n silence_n often_o give_v consent_n but_o this_o much_o i_o suppose_v you_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o ever_o since_o henry_n viii_o time_n at_o least_o sheriff_n have_v be_v frequent_o continue_v for_o above_o a_o year_n and_o the_o judge_n have_v be_v also_o dispense_v with_o to_o go_v the_o circuit_n in_o their_o own_o county_n and_o welshman_n have_v be_v common_o make_v judge_n and_o other_o officer_n in_o wales_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o king_n dispensation_n notwithstanding_o the_o particular_a clause_n of_o nonobstante_a in_o the_o statute_n of_o richard_n the_o ii_o henry_n the_o iv._o and_o hen._n the_o vi_o by_o which_o they_o be_v express_o prohibit_v f._n i_o do_v not_o deny_v what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v as_o to_o matter_n of_o fact_n only_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o i_o conceive_v that_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o king_n have_v take_v upon_o he_o to_o dispense_v with_o those_o statute_n you_o mention_v be_v because_o that_o the_o cause_n for_o which_o they_o be_v first_o make_v have_v long_o since_o cease_v for_o when_o those_o statute_n against_o judge_n go_v the_o circuit_n in_o their_o own_o county_n and_o sheriff_n hold_v for_o above_o a_o year_n be_v make_v both_o the_o judge_n and_o sheriff_n be_v find_v the_o one_o by_o go_v their_o circuit_n in_o their_o own_o county_n where_o they_o have_v great_a interest_n and_o acquaintance_n to_o have_v too_o much_o awe_v the_o common-jury_n and_o the_o other_o by_o their_o great_a estate_n and_o command_n in_o the_o country_n to_o have_v make_v partial_a return_n of_o jurys_n and_o also_o by_o their_o long_a continuance_n in_o their_o office_n to_o have_v learn_v a_o trade_n of_o oppress_v the_o people_n so_o when_o by_o the_o stop_n that_o be_v put_v to_o those_o abuse_n by_o these_o statute_n you_o have_v mention_v there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o a_o strict_a observation_n of_o these_o law_n and_o also_o when_o after_o the_o civil_a war_n between_o york_n and_o lancaster_n and_o all_o thing_n become_v settle_v under_o king_n henry_n the_o vii_o who_o be_v of_o a_o welc●●_n family_n there_o be_v then_o no_o more_o need_n of_o observe_v the_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o iv._o against_o welshman_n beat_a office_n especial_o after_o the_o stat._n of_o the_o 27_o of_o henry_n the_o viii_o when_o wal●s_n become_v incorporate_v with_o england_n and_o have_v by_o that_o statute_n a_o right_n confer_v upon_o it_o of_o send_v member_n to_o parliament_n though_o the_o parliament_n may_v not_o think_v fit_a or_o at_o least_o forget_v to_o repeal_v they_o and_o yet_o find_v that_o the_o kingdom_n receive_v no_o prejudice_n but_o rather_o benefit_n by_o such_o dispensation_n and_o not_o care_v to_o quarrel_v with_o their_o king_n for_o sometime_o use_v a_o prerogative_n by_o which_o they_o be_v rather_o benefit_v than_o grieve_v those_o dispensation_n have_v ever_o since_o pass_v without_o any_o complaint_n in_o parliament_n which_o will_v certain_o have_v be_v before_o this_o time_n have_v they_o sound_v the_o same_o grievance_n and_o reason_n to_o have_v still_o continue_v for_o the_o strict_a observance_n of_o those_o law_n as_o there_o be_v at_o first_o for_o the_o make_n of_o they_o though_o if_o they_o will_v have_v my_o private_a opinion_n

to_o have_v be_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o ii_o now_o your_o only_a argument_n to_o prove_v this_o be_v that_o king_n richard_n though_o his_o elder_a son_n alive_a be_v only_o call_v duke_n of_o normandy_n and_o never_o king_n of_o england_n till_o after_o his_o coronation_n but_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v the_o circumstance_n of_o this_o matter_n will_v find_v that_o he_o be_v indeed_o own_a for_o king_n of_o england_n before_o his_o pretend_a election_n or_o coronation_n for_o before_o his_o come_n into_o england_n to_o be_v crown_v rocer_n hoveden_n tell_v we_o 373._o that_o every_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n by_o the_o command_n of_o his_o mother_n queen_n elinor_n swear_v quod_fw-la fideni_fw-la portabit_fw-la regi_fw-la angliae_fw-la richardo_n regis_fw-la hen._n filio_fw-la which_o plain_o show_v that_o he_o be_v then_o by_o common_a intendment_n look_v upon_o as_o king_n before_o his_o coronation_n and_o though_o i_o confess_v that_o this_o very_a author_n also_o relate_v that_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v assemble_v at_o london_n by_o who_o council_n and_o assent_v the_o say_a duke_n be_v consecrate_a and_o crown_v king_n of_o england_n and_o though_o ralph_n de_fw-fr diceto_n then_o dean_n of_o st._n pawles_n who_o in_o the_o vacancy_n of_o that_o church_n then_o supply_v the_o office_n of_o the_o bishop_n at_o king_n richard_n coronation_n have_v this_o passage_n 647._o comes_fw-la itaque_fw-la pictavorum_n richardus_fw-la hereditario_fw-la jure_fw-la praemovendus_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la post_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_fw-la solemnem_fw-la &_o debitam_fw-la electionem_fw-la involutas_fw-la est_fw-la triplici_fw-la sacramento_n etc._n etc._n now_o what_o can_v this_o solemn_a and_o due_a election_n here_o signify_v or_o what_o can_v it_o mean_v far_o than_o that_o richard_n be_v king_n by_o hereditary_a right_n be_v so_o own_v and_o recognize_v by_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n f._n i_o desire_v i_o may_v reply_v to_o this_o before_o you_o proceed_v far_o i_o confess_v what_o you_o say_v about_o the_o empress_n maud_n surrender_n of_o she_o right_o to_o her_o son_n duke_n henry_n will_v be_v considerable_a if_o you_o have_v any_o authority_n from_o our_o ancient_a historian_n to_o support_v it_o but_o since_o you_o have_v not_o i_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o no_o better_a than_o a_o mere_a surmise_n of_o those_o of_o your_o opinion_n that_o the_o crown_n be_v then_o enjoy_v by_o a_o hereditary_a right_n without_o any_o consent_n or_o election_n of_o the_o people_n and_o so_o likewise_o be_v your_o other_o fancy_n that_o because_o woman_n be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o uncapable_a to_o govern_v therefore_o the_o bishop_n and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n suppose_v they_o have_v sufficient_o perform_v their_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o she_o by_o acknowledge_v her_o son_n duke_n henry_n for_o the_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n now_o if_o this_o have_v be_v so_o pray_v tell_v i_o to_o what_o purpose_n king_n henry_n i._o father_n to_o the_o empress_n shall_v have_v make_v all_o the_o estate_n of_o england_n swear_v fealty_n to_o his_o daughter_n if_o a_o woman_n have_v be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o uncapable_a to_o govern_v or_o to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v the_o clergy_n in_o the_o council_n at_o winchester_n choose_v this_o empress_n as_o the_o king_n daughter_n lady_n both_o of_o england_n and_o normandy_n 106._o as_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n tell_v we_o express_o that_o they_o do_v and_o that_o he_o be_v present_a at_o it_o or_o how_o can_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n believe_v that_o they_o have_v sufficient_o satisfy_v their_o oath_n to_o the_o daughter_n in_o confer_v the_o allegiance_n that_o be_v due_a to_o she_o upon_o her_o son_n i_o be_o sure_a no_o heiress_n of_o the_o crown_n will_v look_v upon_o that_o as_o a_o good_a performance_n of_o their_o oath_n at_o this_o day_n when_o you_o can_v answer_v i_o these_o query_n i_o shall_v be_v of_o your_o opinion_n in_o this_o point_n but_o till_o then_o i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n but_o as_o to_o what_o you_o say_v against_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o ii_o till_o king_n richard_n be_v elect_v and_o crown_v i_o desire_v no_o better_a authority_n to_o the_o contrary_a than_o those_o very_a author_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v for_o your_o opinion_n for_o first_o hoveden_n in_o the_o very_a place_n you_o have_v quote_v he_o say_z that_o the_o duke_n be_v to_o be_v crown_v king_n by_o the_o council_n and_o as●●nt_n of_o all_o the_o party_n there_o present_a now_o if_o i_o understand_v any_o thing_n of_o grammar_n or_o sense_n he_o be_v not_o king_n before_o and_o therefore_o need_v their_o assent_n to_o make_v he_o so_o likewise_o in_o the_o next_o quotation_n from_o ralph_n de_fw-fr diceto_n the_o duke_n be_v say_v hereditario_fw-la jure_fw-la promovendus_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la which_o word_n be_v in_o the_o future_a tense_n show_v he_o be_v not_o then_o but_o be_v to_o be_v promote_v to_o that_o dignity_n now_o if_o his_o hereditary_a right_n alone_o can_v have_v do_v it_o then_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v all_o these_o word_n aforego_v so_o that_o though_o this_o right_n give_v he_o the_o fair_a pretence_n to_o succeed_v to_o the_o crown_n yet_o it_o be_v plain_a from_o both_o the_o author_n you_o have_v quote_v that_o he_o be_v not_o so_o till_o after_o the_o due_a consent_n and_o election_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n so_o that_o after_o all_o your_o question_n what_o can_v this_o solemn_a and_o due_a election_n signify_v or_o what_o can_v it_o mean_v far_o than_o that_o richard_n be_v king_n by_o a_o hereditary_a right_o be_v so_o own_a and_o recognize_v by_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n will_v receive_v a_o very_a easy_a answer_n from_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v till_o you_o can_v show_v i_o out_o of_o any_o dictionary_n that_o consilium_fw-la and_o assensus_fw-la which_o be_v the_o word_n of_o hoveden_n and_o the_o word_n solemnis_fw-la &_o debita_fw-la electio_fw-la ever_o signify_v a_o own_n or_o recognition_n of_o a_o hereditary_a right_n i_o confess_v the_o only_a colour_n you_o have_v for_o your_o interpretation_n of_o those_o word_n in_o hoveden_n which_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v of_o queen_n elianor_n make_v every_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n swear_v fealty_n to_o richard_n king_n of_o england_n as_o to_o their_o liege_n lord_n from_o whence_o you_o will_v infer_v that_o by_o common_a intendment_n of_o law_n he_o be_v look_v upon_o king_n of_o england_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v and_o consequent_o there_o can_v be_v no_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n now_o admit_v that_o he_o be_v common_o call_v king_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v or_o that_o the_o queen_n his_o mother_n will_v make_v the_o people_n swear_v to_o he_o as_o such_o yet_o that_o can_v not_o make_v he_o so_o since_o the_o same_o historian_n also_o tell_v we_o that_o hubert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o william_n earl_n marshal_z make_v the_o people_n of_o england_n take_v a_o like_a oath_n to_o earl_n john_n as_o their_o lord_n not_o king_n immediate_o after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n richard_n his_o brother_n and_o yet_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o affirm_v that_o their_o swear_a fealty_n to_o he_o as_o their_o superior_a lord_n make_v he_o king_n or_o give_v he_o a_o just_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o i_o desire_v you_o or_o any_o indifferent_a man_n to_o tell_v i_o which_o be_v hoveden_n opinion_n whether_o this_o swear_a fealty_n be_v a_o sufficient_a declaration_n of_o his_o ●eing_a king_n or_o else_o all_o those_o other_o expression_n which_o signify_v the_o contrary_a when_o immediate_o before_o his_o coronation_n he_o only_o call_v it_o ducem_fw-la richar●m_fw-la qui_fw-la coronandus_fw-la erat_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la which_o i_o think_v be_v as_o plain_a a_o distinction_n of_o his_o be_v a_o duke_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v and_o a_o king_n afterward_o as_o word_n can_v make_v m._n i_o see_v it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o urge_v this_o point_n any_o long_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o your_o next_o instance_n of_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n richard_n until_o king_n john_n be_v place_v therein_o now_o though_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o this_o prince_n be_v a_o usurper_n upon_o his_o nephew_n duke_n arthur_n yet_o whether_o he_o be_v ever_o elect_v in_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v very_o doubtful_a but_o suppose_v he_o be_v it_o be_v do_v wrongful_o and_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o arthur_n duke_n of_o britain_n the_o right_a heir_n to_o the_o crown_n who_o be_v young_a and_o a_o stranger_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o he_o be_v put_v by_o and_o his_o uncle_n who_o

call_v catalogus_fw-la gloriae_fw-la mundi_fw-la write_v on_o this_o subject_n where_o in_o his_o 8_o the_o part_n consid_n 18._o he_o have_v this_o among_o other_o comment_n on_o the_o word_n nobilitas_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la etiam_fw-la causatur_fw-la ex_fw-la loco_fw-la quoniam_fw-la civis_fw-la ex_fw-la urbe_fw-la splendida_fw-la oriundus_fw-la nobilis_fw-la est_fw-la for_o which_o he_o there_o give_v many_o authority_n and_o this_o title_n he_o look_v upon_o as_o due_a also_o to_o country_n gentleman_n live_v upon_o the_o husbandry_n of_o their_o own_o estate_n or_o annual_a rent_n and_o that_o by_o the_o word_n magnate_v be_v often_o understand_v the_o knight_n of_o shire_n common_o call_v in_o old_a french_a grantz_n des_fw-fr countees_n i_o can_v give_v you_o sufficient_a authority_n now_o this_o word_n magnates_n be_v always_o render_v in_o our_o old_a french_a by_o grantz_n 95._o for_o the_o proof_n of_o this_o i_o desire_v you_o in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o take_v notice_n that_o rot._n claus._n 3_o e._n 2._o in_o 16._o dorso_fw-la you_o will_v find_v this_o title_n inhibitio_fw-la ne_fw-la qui_fw-la magnates_fw-la viz._n come_v baro_n miles_n 〈◊〉_d abqua_fw-la alia_fw-la notabilis_fw-la persona_fw-la transeat_fw-la ad_fw-la part_n transmarinas_fw-la where_o you_o see_v the_o word_n magnates_n be_v apply_v to_o knight_n at_o least_o as_o well_o as_o earl_n and_o baron_n and_o among_o the_o common_a writ_n of_o michaelmas_n term_n anno_fw-la 34_o edw._n i._o in_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o remembrancer_n of_o the_o treasury_n of_o the_o exchequer_n the_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o baron_n of_o cinque-port_n be_v call_v magnate_v so_o also_o in_o the_o statute_n 25_o e._n 3._o de_fw-la servientibus_fw-la it_o be_v there_o enact_v per_fw-la assent_n de_fw-fr les_fw-fr ditz_fw-fr prelatz_n countess_n 〈◊〉_d &_o autres_fw-fr grandes_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr dite_fw-fr communalte_n illonques_fw-la assemblez_fw-fr also_o in_o the_o statute-book_n print_v in_o french_a in_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o staple_n 27_o e._n 3._o the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n be_v express_o call_v grantz_n des_fw-fr counties_n and_o last_o as_o for_o the_o word_n optimates_fw-la which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o superlative_a optimus_fw-la it_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o best_a sort_n of_o man_n in_o any_o commonwealth_n or_o city_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n 189._o william_n of_o malmesbury_n in_o his_o history_n speak_v of_o the_o rich_a citizen_n of_o london_n have_v this_o remarkable_a passage_n londinenses_n qui_fw-la pro_fw-la magnitudine_fw-la civitatis_fw-la optimates_fw-la sunt_fw-la and_o that_o not_o only_a knight_n but_o also_o such_o citizen_n as_o be_v remarkable_a and_o eminent_a for_o their_o estate_n or_o office_n in_o city_n have_v the_o appellation_n of_o magnates_n appear_v from_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n book_n 64._o keep_v in_o the_o archive_v of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n where_o in_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1229._o be_v the_o 13_o the_o of_o hen._n 3._o a_o act_n of_o common_a council_n be_v make_v per_fw-la omnes_fw-la alderman●aes_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la civitatis_fw-la per_fw-la assensum_fw-la universorum_a civium_fw-la quod_fw-la nullo_n tempore_fw-la ●ermitterent_fw-la aliquem_fw-la vicecomitem_fw-la admitti_fw-la in_o vicecomitem_fw-la per_fw-la duos_fw-la annos_fw-la continuos_fw-la sicut_fw-la 〈◊〉_d extiterant_fw-la so_o likewise_o in_o the_o same_o book_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1244._o 29._o h._n 3._o mention_n be_v there_o make_v of_o a_o dissension_n that_o then_o arise_v about_o the_o choice_n of_o a_o sheriff_n and_o the_o book_n say_v that_o quidam_fw-la de_fw-la vulgo_fw-la elegerunt_fw-la nichol._n bat._n per_fw-la assensum_fw-la majoris_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la elegerunt_fw-la adam_n de_fw-fr ●ently_fw-mi i_o can_v give_v you_o more_o of_o a_o like_a nature_n but_o i_o will_v not_o tire_v you_o but_o no_o doubt_n but_o the_o eminent_a citizen_n of_o york_n and_o other_o city_n be_v call_v magnate_v in_o those_o time_n from_o all_o which_o we_o may_v safe_o conclude_v that_o not_o only_a knight_n of_o shir●_n be_v style_v magnate_v but_o also_o the_o representative_n for_o the_o city_n be_v often_o style_v proceres_fw-la magnates_fw-la and_o nobiles_fw-la in_o our_o ancient_a roll_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o other_o public_a write_n i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n for_o be_v thus_o long_o but_o i_o can_v not_o make_v a_o end_n soon_o and_o prove_v the_o true_a sense_n of_o these_o word_n in_o question_n from_o ancient_a historian_n act_n of_o parliament_n and_o record_n by_o which_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v be_v satisfy_v how_o unsafe_a it_o be_v to_o depend_v upon_o the_o general_a and_o various_a expression_n of_o our_o english_a historian_n especial_o as_o understand_v by_o those_o of_o yo●●_n opinion_n since_o if_o we_o shall_v depend_v upon_o they_o alone_o the_o commons_o will_v not_o oftentimes_o be_v find_v to_o have_v be_v present_a in_o parliament_n even_o when_o the_o record_n themselves_o express_o prove_v they_o be_v there_o m._n i_o must_v confess_v you_o have_v make_v i_o think_v more_o on_o this_o subject_a than_o perhaps_o otherwise_o i_o shall_v have_v do_v yet_o i_o must_v observe_v that_o most_o of_o the_o quotation_n you_o have_v make_v use_n of_o concern_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n proceres_fw-la magnates_fw-la and_o nobiles_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v from_o author_n who_o write_v after_o the_o time_n that_o i_o 〈◊〉_d the_o commons_o as_o now_o represent_v to_o have_v be_v constant_o summon_v to_o parliament_n so_o that_o they_o may_v very_o well_o through_o haste_n or_o inadvertency_n confound_v they_o with_o the_o earl_n and_o lord_n and_o so_o style_v they_o by_o the_o same_o title_n for_o i_o will_v prove_v to_o you_o before_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o discourse_n by_o undeniable_a record_n that_o by_o the_o word_n magnate_v and_o proceres_fw-la be_v understand_v the_o bishop_n earls_z and_o baron_n as_o distinguish_v from_o the_o commons_o but_o i_o think_v i_o can_v sufficient_o prove_v from_o mat._n paris_n and_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o our_o first_o norman_n king_n as_o also_o from_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n john_n that_o by_o the_o word_n bartne●_n i●_n mean_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v there_o only_o mention_v to_o ha●_n constant_o appear_v in_o parliament_n till_o the_o 18_o the_o e._n 1._o the_o great_a and_o less_o ●●●ons_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la together_o with_o those_o of_o high_a degree_n viz._n the_o earl_n bishop_n and_o abbot_n be_v the_o only_a person_n who_o represent_v the_o who●e_a body_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o i_o take_v this_o to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d evident_a and_o clear_a that_o i_o can_v quit_v this_o opinion_n without_o you_o can_v show_v 〈◊〉_d better_a reason_n to_o the_o contrary_a than_o hitherto_o you_o have_v do_v f._n i_o see_v nothing_o will_v satisfy_v those_o who_o have_v once_o receive_v a_o prejudice_n 〈◊〉_d otherwise_o i_o think_v it_o may_v be_v prove_v sufficient_o from_o that_o clause_n in_o magna_n chart●_n i_o have_v mention_v that_o other_o person_n be_v there_o before_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n 〈◊〉_d beside_o your_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o as_o for_o the_o use_n of_o 〈◊〉_d word_n you_o mention_v in_o historian_n after_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o nothing_o can_v be_v a_o plain_a proof_n for_o i_o for_o if_o those_o historian_n do_v comprehend_v the_o common_a under_o those_o general_a word_n or_o phrase_n we_o have_v be_v now_o dispute_v about_o i_o de●sire_v to_o know_v why_o they_o may_v not_o have_v be_v likewise_o comprehend_v under_o th●_n same_o term_n by_o mat._n paris_n and_o those_o other_o historian_n who_o write_v other_o historie●_n from_o the_o norman_a conquest_n to_o his_o time_n and_o why_o thy_o might_n not_o have_v then_o con●founded_v the_o commons_o with_o the_o lord_n as_o well_o as_o they_o do_v afterward_o but_o since_o i_o see_v you_o insist_v so_o much_o upon_o your_o barones_n and_o tenentes_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la who_o you_o wi●_n have_v alone_o to_o constitute_v the_o baronagium_n or_o the_o communitas_fw-la or_o universitas_fw-la bar●●gii_fw-la angliae_fw-la pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o ask_v you_o a_o plain_a question_n be_v your_o less●_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o barones_n minores_fw-la lord_n or_o peer_n of_o parliament_n or_o be_v they_o commoner_n only_o m._n to_o give_v you_o mr._n selden_n opinion_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n cap._n 5._o 708._o he_o suppose_v that_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conquest_n to_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o king_n john_n every_o tenant_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o tenure_n of_o land_n he_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la be_v indifferent_o a_o honorary_a or_o parliamentary_a baron_n but_o that_o about_o the_o end_n of_o king_n john_n time_n some_o only_a that_o be_v most_o eminent_a of_o those_o tenant_n sometime_o style_v barones_n majores_fw-la regni_fw-la be_v summon_v by_o several_a writ_n direct_v to_o they_o as_o